document_title: Legally Blonde (musical)

question_text: who plays margot in legally blonde the musical

text: Legally Blonde (musical)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act One[edit]

text: The overjoyed girls of UCLA's sorority Delta Nu, led by Margot, Serena, and Pilar, celebrate the engagement that is expected to happen that night of Warner Huntington III to their perky, sweet, and strikingly blonde sorority president, Elle Woods, who is fretting over finding the perfect dress for the occasion ("Omigod You Guys"). Once she acquires her dream dress, Elle goes to dinner with Warner, where he tells her that he needs someone more serious and breaks up with her ("Serious"). Elle is devastated and sulks for twelve days ("Daughter Of Delta Nu") but decides to chase Warner to Harvard Law School to show him that she can be serious. With help from Delta Nu sister Kate, Elle studies for the LSAT. Instead of writing a personal essay, Elle bursts into the Harvard admission offices backed by a squad of cheerleaders. She is accepted after revealing she is motivated by love ("What You Want").

text: Elle's snobby classmates disapprove of her attire, and the only person who is willing to help her is law teaching assistant, Emmett Forrest ("The Harvard Variations"). However, he can't protect her in class from the bloodthirsty Professor Callahan ("Blood In The Water"). Callahan kicks the under-prepared Elle out of class at the suggestion of her classmate Vivienne Kensington, who happens to be Warner's new girlfriend. This "tragedy" summons the apparitions of the sisters of Delta Nu, who, acting as a Greek Chorus visible and audible only to Elle, tell her to stay positive ("Positive"). Elle, believing that being blonde is the problem, decides to become a brunette. She heads to the Hair Affair salon where she meets the spunky beautician Paulette, who tells Elle that when she is down, she puts on her favorite CD, and dreams of Ireland ("Ireland"). At the salon, Vivienne gives Elle an unexpected invitation to a costume party. Paulette sends Elle off with a costume for the party, her positivity and blonde hair still intact ("Ireland (Reprise)").

text: Walking into the party as a Playboy Bunny, Elle soon realizes that she was tricked by Vivienne - the party was not a costume party. Despite this, she still courageously seeks Warner in an effort to win him back, leaving him unimpressed ("Serious (Reprise)"). Elle runs from the party, only to meet Emmett, who struggles to understand Elle's love problems. He has Elle assess her priorities until she realizes it is her obsession with Warner that keeps her from earning his respect ("Chip On My Shoulder"). Freed from her need to please Warner, she defeats him in a classroom debate. Elle then helps Paulette in a way that proves she is beginning to understand law. Warner and Vivienne win two of Callahan's coveted internship positions, and Warner proposes to Vivienne on the spot right in front of Elle. Vivienne accepts with a kiss. Before Elle's heart can break, Emmett shows her the internship list. Below the names of Vivienne, Warner, and classmate Enid Hoopes is the name Elle Woods, at which she is ecstatic ("So Much Better").

text: Act Two[edit]

text: Act Two begins with fitness queen, Brooke Wyndham, and her fitness team's workout video, which is being viewed by Elle, Callahan, Emmett, Vivienne, Warner, and Enid ("Whipped Into Shape"). Callahan tells the legal team that Brooke is accused of murdering her billionaire husband. At the jail, the legal team are unable to get Brooke to tell them her alibi and refuses to plead guilty. Upon learning that they were both Delta Nu sisters, Brooke then privately tells Elle her alibi that she was getting liposuction, but makes Elle promise not to tell anyone ("Delta Nu Nu Nu"). Because of Elle's loyalty to her client and refusal to state the alibi, Elle and Emmett are shunned by the group. To cheer Emmett up and to increase his chances of impressing Callahan, Elle gives him a makeover ("Take It Like A Man").

text: Back at the Hair Affair, Elle is getting a manicure when Kyle, a sexy UPS courier, walks into the salon to deliver a package to Paulette, leaving her in complete awe. When he leaves, Pilar, Serena, and Margot are summoned by Paulette's amazing "Bend and Snap" when picking up the package. The sorority girls tell Paulette to use the "Bend and Snap" dance move on Kyle, but when she does, she accidentally breaks his nose ("Bend and Snap").

text: At the trial, Brooke's pool boy Nikos claims to have been having an affair with Brooke, giving her a motive for murdering her husband. After doing the Bend and Snap in front of Nikos and getting no attention. Elle suspects that Nikos is gay although Callahan and her teammates are not convinced. Her colleagues posit that his perceived flamboyance might just be a cultural difference as Nikos is European. Emmet successfully makes Nikos slip and state that his boyfriend's name is Carlos, though Nikos claims that he misunderstood "boyfriend" for "best friend". Carlos, fed up with the closeted nature of his boyfriend, appears from the gallery and proclaims Nikos's homosexuality. Nikos confesses that he is indeed gay and European ("There! Right There!").

text: Later that night in Callahan's office, the interns celebrate Elle's skill. Warner finds problems with calling a finely tuned awareness of homosexuality a legal victory. Callahan, annoyed with Warner's behavior, sends Warner out of the room to fetch a coffee. Callahan dismisses Emmett and the other interns but requests Elle to remain for a few moments. Callahan forcibly kisses Elle, who slaps him. In turn, Callahan fires her. Warner and Vivienne both see the kiss through the door of the room. Warner turns away in anger, leaving Vivienne to be the only one to witness the slap. After Callahan leaves, Warner re-enters the office and mocks Elle, but Vivienne tells him to shut up and they both leave. A defeated Elle prepares to go home, despite Emmett asking her to stay, finally realizing that he is in love with her ("Legally Blonde").

text: Elle heads to the Hair Affair to say goodbye to Paulette, but before she can leave, Vivienne and Enid convince Elle otherwise. Elle discards her lawyerly navy suits, dons a pink dress and leads a parade back to the courtroom. They meet Kyle on the way, who takes a liking to Paulette, and reveals himself to be the Irish man of her dreams, prompting to Irish Dance among the ensemble. Back at the trial, Brooke fires Callahan and hires Elle ("Legally Blonde Remix"). Brooke's stepdaughter Chutney goes to the witness stand and her testimony is damning, stating after she got out of the shower she saw Brooke covered in her father's blood. After Chutney states she received a perm the day of the murder, Elle realizes a flaw in Chutney's alibi and suggests that the entire court should be moved to the scene of the crime - the bathroom where the murder took place ("Scene of the Crime"). As a demonstration, Elle asks Paulette to give Enid a perm, and asks Enid to step into the shower upon entering the crime scene. Relying on her knowledge of hair maintenance, Elle's demonstration is successful as Enid walks out of the shower with completely flattened hair—revealing that Chutney could not have possibly showered immediately after getting a perm because her perm was still intact. Under Elle's intense questioning, Chutney accidentally confesses that she killed her father, thinking that it was Brooke ("Omigod You Guys (Reprise)"). Chutney is arrested and Brooke is set free.

text: Warner proposes to Elle, having been dumped by Vivienne. Elle gently refuses, claiming to have been changed by the experience. Three years later, Elle ends up as the valedictorian of her class. Paulette tells the audience that Elle is not one to brag about her valedictorian status, so she decided to allow Paulette to play "Where Are They Now" during her speech. Paulette says that Enid practices family law, Vivienne is training for the Peace Corps, and Warner dropped out and pursues a modeling career. Callahan ran for governor but was defeated, and his wife hired Emmett to handle their divorce. Paulette married Kyle, had two kids, and is pregnant with a third. They live in Worcester, Massachusetts and Paulette bought a new salon (the Worcester detail was taken from the London script, and replaced with the detail that a child of hers was named Seamus) ("Find My Way"). At the end of the graduation, Elle proposes to Emmett, and Emmett accepts ("Finale").

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Overture" – Orchestra †‡
"Omigod You Guys" – Elle, Serena, Margot, Pilar and Company
"Serious" – Warner and Elle
"Daughter of Delta Nu" – Serena, Margot, Pilar and Company †
"What You Want" – Elle, Serena, Margot, Pilar, Kate, Elle's Parents, Grandmaster Chad and Company
"The Harvard Variations" – Emmett, Aaron, Enid, Padamadan and Harvard Students
"Blood in the Water" – Callahan and Company
"Positive" – Elle, Serena, Margot, Pilar and Greek Chorus
"Ireland" – Paulette
"Ireland" (Reprise) – Paulette
"Serious" (Reprise) – Elle and Warner
"Chip On My Shoulder" – Elle, Emmett, Greek Chorus
"Run Rufus Run/Elle Reflects"- Elle, Emmett
"So Much Better" – Elle, Greek Chorus and Company

Act II

"Entr'acte" – Orchestra †‡
"Whipped into Shape" – Brooke, Callahan and Company
"Delta Nu Nu Nu" – Brooke and Elle †
"Take It Like a Man" – Elle, Emmett and Salespeople
"Bend and Snap" – Elle, Paulette, Serena, Margot, Pilar, Bend and Snap Guys and Salonfolk
"There! Right There!" – Elle, Callahan, Emmett, Brooke, Vivienne, Warner, Enid, Judge, Nikos, Carlos and Company
"Legally Blonde" – Elle and Emmett
"Legally Blonde Remix" – Vivienne, Elle, Enid, Brooke, Elle's Parents and Company
"Scene of the Crime/Omigod You Guys (Reprise)" – Elle, Judge, Serena, Margot, Pilar and Company †
"Find My Way/Finale" – Elle, Paulette, Emmett and Company
"Bows" – Orchestra and Company †

text: During its San Francisco run, the musical included a song called "Love and War" in place of what is now "Positive".[2] Another predecessor to "Positive" was "Beacon of Positivity".[3]

text: During the musical's workshop stage, the song "Good Boy" existed in what would go on to become "Ireland"'s place in the musical.[4] In the song, Paulette and Elle bond over the idea that men are like dogs and should therefore be treated as such.

text: "Bows" is featured as an iTunes bonus track on the UK iTunes on the Live London Cast Recording but not featured on the Broadway Recording. "Kyle the Magnificent" is also a bonus track on the Live London Cast Recording after "Take It Like a Man" which is where it is in the show. On the Broadway Cast Recording, it is a hidden track at the end of "Find My Way/Finale".

text: † Not featured on Original Broadway Cast Recording ‡ Instrumental Mix

text: Instrumentation[edit]

text: The licensed orchestration follows the orchestration that was used in the West End production: three keyboards, bass, guitar, drums, percussion, two woodwind parts, two trumpets, trombone, and solo violin. The first keyboard part is played by the conductor. The bass part doubles on electric bass, double bass, fretless bass, and 5-string bass. The guitar doubles on electric, acoustic, and 12-string guitars, as well as mandolin. The first woodwind part doubles on alto sax, flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe (optional), and English horn (optional); the second part doubles on flute, clarinet, and baritone sax. Both trumpets double on flugelhorn and the trombone doubles on tenor and bass trombones.

text: This orchestration was originally used for the first United States national tour, without the violin and with slightly different reed doublings. The first reed player doubled on alto sax, clarinet, flute, piccolo, oboe (optional), and English horn (optional); the second player doubled on flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, tenor and baritone sax, and pennywhistle.

text: In addition to the licensed orchestration, the original Broadway production also had a French horn part, a viola and cello part, a second guitar, and had three woodwind parts instead of two. The first reed part doubled on alto sax, clarinet, flute, piccolo, and pennywhistle; the second part doubled on clarinet, flute, oboe, English horn, and tenor sax; the third doubled on flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, and baritone sax.

text: Production history[edit]

text: Broadway (2007–2008)[edit]

text: Before going to Broadway, Legally Blonde did a short tryout at San Francisco's Golden Gate Theatre from January 23 to February 25, 2007, with an official opening on February 5. [5] Legally Blonde later opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on April 29, 2007, following previews which began on April 3. The production was directed and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell, with set design by David Rockwell, costume design by Gregg Barnes, and lighting design by Kenneth Posner and Paul Miller. The original Broadway cast included Laura Bell Bundy in the lead role of Elle Woods and featured Christian Borle, Orfeh and Michael Rupert.[6] The show received mostly positive reviews and was nominated for seven Tony Awards, including Best Original Score and Best Leading Actress in a Musical, but did not win any.[7]

text: During the week ending June 24, 2007, the Broadway production achieved a milestone, joining the millionaires' club for weekly Broadway grosses, by grossing $1,003,282.[8] The musical was filmed for television in front of a live audience on September 18, 2007, as well as two other dates where it was filmed without an audience. The three performances edited together were broadcast on MTV on October 13 and 14, 2007 with subsequent air dates on November 3 and 14, 2007.[9] MTV's involvement with the musical continued with a reality show program called Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods, which aimed to cast the next actress to play Elle Woods on Broadway, replacing Laura Bell Bundy. The show was hosted by Haylie Duff, and premiered on June 2, 2008 on MTV.[10] The competition was won by Bailey Hanks, age 20, from Anderson, South Carolina.[11] The results were first aired on July 21, 2008 on MTV,[12] and her debut as Elle Woods was on July 23.[11] The runner-up, Autumn Hurlbert, also debuted on Broadway in this show as a sorority sister in Delta Nu, as well as serving as Hanks's understudy.[13]

text: The production closed on October 19, 2008 after playing 30 previews and 595 regular performances. Asmeret Ghebremichael and Lindsay Nicole Chambers were part of the closing cast alongside Hanks.[13]

text: North American Tours (2008–2011)[edit]

text: First National US Tour The first national tour started on September 21, 2008.[14] Becky Gulsvig, who appeared in the ensemble of the original Broadway cast and understudied the role of Elle Woods, is featured as Elle Woods.[15] Lauren Ashley Zakrin and Rhiannon Hansen, both finalists of the MTV reality show, appeared in the national tour.[14] The original tour closed on August 15, 2010 in Vienna, Virginia at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts.

text: Second National US Tour A non-equity tour launched in Jackson, Mississippi on September 21, 2010. Nikki Bohne led the cast as Elle Woods, with Kahlil Joseph as Professor Callahan[16] The tour closed on May 15, 2011 at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut.[17]

text: West End (2009–2012)[edit]

text: The West End production opened at the Savoy Theatre on January 13, 2010, following previews from December 5, 2009.[18][19] The original London cast included Sheridan Smith in the lead role of Elle Woods, with Duncan James, Alex Gaumond, Jill Halfpenny and Peter Davison.[20] In the London production, the lyrics to Ireland were changed.[21]

text: In October 2009, Sheridan Smith, with other cast members, recorded a pop video to the song "So Much Better".[22] The West End cast of Legally Blonde performed a medley from the show at the BBC Television Center on November 19, 2009 during the Children in Need telethon.[23]

text: Legally Blonde was the first West End show to offer a ticket lottery. The trend is popular on Broadway but had never been used for a West End production.[24] The show had taken $2 million in advance sales before it officially opened.[25] It extended its booking period from the earlier date of October 2011 until the March 31, 2012.

text: Susan McFadden replaced Sheridan Smith as Elle on January 10, 2011. McFadden was later replaced by Carley Stenson on July 11, 2011. Other notable replacements included Richard Fleeshman and Ben Freeman as Warner, Denise Van Outen and Natalie Casey as Paulette, Lee Mead and Stephen Ashfield as Emmett, Carley Stenson as Margot and Siobhan Dillon as Vivienne.[26]

text: The West End show won three Laurence Olivier Awards on March 13, 2011 - 'Best New Musical', 'Best Actress in a Musical' (Sheridan Smith), and 'Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical' (Jill Halfpenny).

text: The show closed in London on April 7, 2012,[27][28] after 974 performances, significantly more than it played on Broadway.

text: First National UK tour[edit]

text: The first UK tour began on July 8, 2011 at The Liverpool Empire Theatre. The cast included Faye Brooks as Elle, Dave Willetts as Professor Callahan and Iwan Lewis as Emmett. Liz McClarnon initially played Paulette, followed by Claire Sweeney.[29]

text: Following Willets, Professor Callahan was played by Matthew Kelly, and later Les Dennis, alongside Niki Evans as Paulette. Amy Lennox covered as Elle for the Aberdeen leg of the tour, with Stephen Ashfield briefly reprising Emmett just weeks after leaving the show in London. On the 17th July 2012, Jennifer Ellison replaced Niki Evans as Paulette and Gareth Gates replaced Ray Quinn as Warner.

text: The final show of the UK tour was performed at the New Wimbledon Theatre on 6 October 2012.

text: Australian Production 2012[edit]

text: The Australian production began previews in September 2012 at the Lyric Theatre, Sydney, before opening on October 4, 2012.

text: Lucy Durack played Elle Woods with Rob Mills as Warner, David Harris as Emmett, Erika Heynatz as Brooke Wyndham, Helen Dallimore as Paulette[citation needed] with Cameron Daddo returning to the Australian stage for the first time in 20 years to play Professor Callahan. [30]

text: The production concluded its run at Melbourne's Princess Theatre on July 14, 2013.[31] The show won five Helpmann Awards including Best Musical.[32]

text: International Productions[edit]

text: Legally Blonde has had international productions in South Korea, Malaysia, The Netherlands, France, The Philippines, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Dominican Republic, Panama[citation needed] and New Zealand[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]

text: Casts[edit]

text: The principal original casts of the major productions of Legally Blonde.

text:
Character
Original Broadway Cast[41]
Original U.S. Tour Cast[42]
Original London Cast[20]
Original UK Tour Cast[43]

Elle Woods
Laura Bell Bundy
Becky Gulsvig
Sheridan Smith
Faye Brookes

Emmett Forrest
Christian Borle
D.B. Bonds
Alex Gaumond
Iwan Lewis

Warner Huntington III
Richard H. Blake
Jeff Mclean
Duncan James
Neil Toon

Paulette Bonafonté
Orfeh
Natalie Joy Johnson
Jill Halfpenny
Liz McClarnon
Claire Sweeney

Professor Callahan
Michael Rupert
Ken Land
Peter Davison
Dave Willetts

Brooke Wyndham/Shandi
Nikki Snelson
Coleen Sexton
Aoife Mulholland
Hannah Grover

Vivienne Kensington
Kate Shindle
Megan Lewis
Caroline Keiff
Charlotte Harwood

Chad/Dewey/Kyle
Andy Karl
Ven Daniel
Chris Ellis-Stanton
Lewis Griffiths

Enid Hoopes
Natalie Joy Johnson
Gretchen Burghart
Suzie McAdam
Gemma Baird

Serena
Leslie Kritzer
Cortney Wolfson
Susan McFadden
Sinead Long

Margot
Annaleigh Ashford
Rhiannon Hansen
Amy Lennox
Sophie Isaacs

Pilar
DeQuina Moore
Crystal Joy
Ibinabo Jack
Micha Richardson

Kate/Chutney
Kate Wetherhead
Alex Ellis
Roxanne Palmer
Nia Jermin

text: The cast for the TV airing, filmed in mid-September 2007,[44] consisted of the entire original Broadway cast, except for Tracy Jai Edwards taking over for Leslie Kritzer as Serena and Asmeret Ghebremichael replacing DeQuina Moore as Pilar. Moore departed from the production in July 2007,[45][46] and Kritzer in August that same year.[46]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The musical received mixed reviews but was praised for being a fun and upbeat production. Ben Brantley, reviewing the musical in The New York Times, wrote that the show was a "high-energy, empty-calories, and expensive-looking hymn to the glories of girlishness"; he praised Laura Bell Bundy saying, "she sings and dances flawlessly, and she delivers silly lines as if she meant them."[47] Clive Barnes, in his New York Post review, wrote that he loved the "effervescent and radiant Bundy" as well as others in the cast, and that the "dances certainly have a slick snap, crackle, and pop".[48] Elysa Gardner in the USA Today wrote that the musical was an "ingratiating trifle", and the "game cast ensure that the proceedings, however patronizing, aren't irritating."[49] Jeremy McCarter in New York Magazine lamented that the musical "doesn’t summon memories of Tracy Flick, the steely student-council campaigner that Reese Witherspoon played in Election before starring in Legally Blonde", writing that the "Flickish manic drive" in Witherspoon's Legally Blonde performance had been his favorite part of the film.[50]

text: The West End production received mostly positive reviews. Benedict Nightingale in The Times wrote "Let's overlook some forgettable tunes and welcome dance that embraces everything from skipping with ropes to spoof Riverdance. Let's relish the support both of a fake-Greek chorus dressed as cheerleaders and of two cute, unnaturally obedient dogs. Let's agree that Legally Blonde is, well, fun".[51] whilst Paul Taylor for The Independent wrote "Ridiculously enjoyable from start to finish." [52]

text: The show also received some negative criticism. Tim Walker wrote in the Sunday Telegraph: "It is a great big empty vessel of a show that makes a lot of noise and not much else, and would have been better entitled 'Irredeemably Bland'. I was aware that for the whole of the two hours and 25 minutes that it ran, I was sitting among a group of people with vacant smiles on faces that otherwise seemed entirely numbed. That was how I looked, too. It is the expression that registers when what one is seeing doesn't entirely sync with what is going on in one's brain." Quentin Letts wrote for Daily Mail, "It is pink not just in the colour of many of the clothes and stage effects. It is pink to the core of its little, tiny soul ... The plot is pap, the musical unmemorable, the dancing often hefty except for one routine with skipping ropes."[51]

text: Recordings[edit]

text: The Original Broadway Cast recording was recorded on May 7 and 8, 2007 and released on July 17, 2007 by Ghostlight Records (an imprint of Sh-K-Boom Records). During the week of July 23, 2007, the cast album made its debut on Billboard's Cast Album chart, placing at #1 and charted at #86 on the Billboard 200.[53]

text: Before previews, a promotional sampler CD was released featuring "Omigod You Guys", "So Much Better", and "Take It Like a Man", featuring a slightly divergent cast, arrangement and lyrics of that of the final show's.[54]

text: During the development phase of the musical, a demo recording was released with twelve songs featuring Kerry Butler and others as Elle. The demo featured workshop versions of "There! Right There!" (labelled on the sampler as "Gay or European"), "Blood in the Water", "Omigod You Guys", "Serious", "What You Want", "Legally Blonde", "Legally Blonde Remix", "So Much Better", "Take It Like a Man", in addition to two songs not present in the finalized version of the show, "Beacon of Positivity" (which became "Love and War" for the previews and eventually "Positive" for the finalized version of the show), and "Good Boy", a song in the place of "Ireland".[55]

text: Bailey Hanks, who won the reality show The Search for Elle Woods, recorded the song "So Much Better", which was released as a single on July 22, 2008.[12]

text: A live London cast recording was recorded featuring Sheridan Smith, Alex Gaumond and Duncan James, on June 12, 13 and 14, 2010. It was released on August 16, 2010.[56] The London Cast Recording used the same track listing as the Broadway Cast Recording, with bonus tracks "Kyle the Magnificent" and the curtain call music added to the digital download version.[57]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

2007
Actors’ Equity Association
Outstanding Broadway Chorus

Won

Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Book of a Musical
Heather Hach
Nominated

Outstanding Actress in a Musical
Laura Bell Bundy
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical
Christian Borle
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
Orfeh
Nominated

Outstanding Choreography
Jerry Mitchell
Nominated

Outstanding Director of a Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Lyrics
Laurence O'Keefe and Nell Benjamin
Nominated

Outstanding Music
Nominated

Outstanding Set Design of a Musical
David Rockwell
Nominated

Drama League Award
Distinguished Production of a Musical
Nominated

Distinguished Performance
Laura Bell Bundy
Nominated

Christian Borle
Nominated

Outer Critics Circle Award
Best Featured Actress in a Musical
Orfeh
Nominated

Tony Award
Best Book of a Musical
Heather Hach
Nominated

Best Original Score
Laurence O'Keefe and Nell Benjamin
Nominated

Best Performance by an Actress in a Lead Role in a Musical
Laura Bell Bundy
Nominated

Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical
Christian Borle
Nominated

Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical
Orfeh
Nominated

Best Choreography
Jerry Mitchell
Nominated

Best Costume Design of a Musical
Gregg Barnes
Nominated

2008
Daytime Emmy Award[58]
(for the televised version)
Outstanding Special Class Directing
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Nominated

Outstanding Special Class Special
Nominated

text: North American Tour[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

2009
Helen Hayes Award[59]
Outstanding Performance in a Non-Resident Production
Becky Gulsvig
Nominated

Touring Broadway Awards
Best New Touring Musical
Won

Best Design of a Touring Production
Won

Best Choreography of a Touring Production
Jerry Mitchell
Won

text: Original West End production[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

2010
Evening Standard Theatre Awards
Best Musical
Nominated

Best Actress
Sheridan Smith
Nominated

2011
Laurence Olivier Award[60]
Best New Musical
Won

Best Actor in a Musical
Alex Gaumond
Nominated

Best Actress in a Musical
Sheridan Smith
Won

Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical
Jill Halfpenny
Won

Best Theatre Choreographer
Jerry Mitchell
Nominated

Theatregoers’ Choice Awards[61]
Best New Musical
Won

Best Actor in a Musical
Alex Gaumond
Nominated

Best Actress in a Musical
Sheridan Smith
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Musical
Chris Ellis-Stanton
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Musical
Jill Halfpenny
Won

Best Takeover in a Role
Denise van Outen
Nominated

Best Choreographer
Jerry Mitchell
Won

2012
Best Takeover in a Role
Susan McFadden
Nominated


document_title: Mr. Bean's Holiday

question_text: who plays the kid in mr bean's holiday

question_tokens: who plays the kid in mr bean 's holiday

root

text: Mr. Bean's Holiday

text: Plot[edit]

text: On a rainy day in London, Mr. Bean (Rowan Atkinson) drives to a church raffle where he wins the first prize, a holiday to Cannes, a Sony Handycam video camera and €200 spending money.

tag: p

text: Following a misunderstanding involving a taxi at the Gare du Nord Bean is forced to make his way unorthodoxly towards the Gare de Lyon from La Defense to board his next train towards Cannes. However a vending machine prevents him from boarding and thus he misses his train. Whilst waiting for the next he samples French seafood cuisine at Le Train Bleu, mistakenly eating a langoustine whole and pouring the oysters he took a dislike to into a woman's handbag.

text: Back on the platform, Bean asks a Russian film director named Emil Duchevsky (Karel Roden) to use his camcorder to film him boarding the train, but spends so much time retaking the shot that the train starts to leave. Although Bean manages to get onto the train, the doors close before Emil can get on. Emil's son, Stepan (Maxim Baldry) is therefore left on board without his father.

text: Bean attempts without success to befriend the boy. At the next station, the train leaves without him when he disembarks to retrieve his video camera back from Stepan who had somehow got hold of it and disembarked earlier. The train Emil has boarded does not stop at the station and he instead holds up a sign showing a mobile number but the last two digits are covered by his fingers thus attempts at calling the number prove fruitless. Bean and Stepan board the next train but get kicked off as Bean had accidentally left his wallet and ticket on the telephone box at the previous station.

text: Attempts at busking including lip syncing to Puccini's "O mio babbino caro" prove successful and Bean buys himself and Stephan food and bus tickets to Cannes. Bean manages to lose his ticket that attaches itself to a chicken's leg and after a failed attempt to instead hitchhike his way there on an elderly man's VéloSoleX, he is forced to continue the journey on foot. Bean soon falls asleep, exhausted from walking and wakes up on what appears to be a quaint French village attacked by Wehrmacht backed by a StuG III but is actually a film set for a yogurt commercial directed by Carson Clay (Willem Dafoe). Bean ends up as an extra in the commercial but is fired after Carson discovers his video camera. When Bean's camera battery dies he recharges it but accidentally ends up destroying the set in an explosion.

text: Bean then tries to hitchhike again and is offered a lift to Cannes by a yellow-green Mini identical to his own driven by Sabine (Emma de Caunes), an aspiring actress on her way to the 59th Cannes Film Festival, where the film in which she makes her debut as an extra will be presented. When they stop at a service station Bean finds Stepan dancing in a cafe with a band. Sabine agrees to take him with them assuming that Stepan is Bean's son while Stepan thinks Sabine is Bean's fiancée. Bean uses Sabine's mobile phone to try to call Emil again with no luck and when Sabine falls asleep at the wheel Bean ends up driving the Mini through the night.

text: The next morning, they reach Cannes. When Sabine goes into a petrol station to change for the premiere, she sees Bean's photo on a news program where he is suspected of kidnapping Stepan while Sabine is Bean's accomplice. Since the premiere in Cannes is scheduled to start in one hour she decides not to go to the police to clear the misunderstandings. Therefore to get into the premiere Stepan and Bean disguise themselves as Sabine's daughter and mother respectively and manage to evade the police.

text: After sneaking into the premiere, Sabine and Bean are disappointed to see that her scene has been cut from the film. Bean plugs his video camera into the projector, projecting his video diary. The bizarre tale it tells fits director Carson Clay's narration well and the director, Sabine and Bean receive standing ovations as Stepan is finally reunited with his father. After the screening, Bean leaves the building by the back door and finally makes his way onto the Cannes beach. A montage of Bean playing by the water's edge while Sabine is interviewed, Carson Clay attempts to mimic Bean's unorthodox filming methods and Stepan relaxes with his family plays and the film ends with the entire cast and background crowd miming a musical finale "La Mer".

text: In a post-credits scene, Bean writes "FIN" in the sand with his foot. He films it until the sea washes the words away and his camera's battery dies again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean
Emma de Caunes as Sabine
Max Baldry as Stepan Dachevsky
Willem Dafoe as Carson Clay
Jean Rochefort as the Maître d'Hôtel
Karel Roden as Emil Dachevsky
Catherine Hosmalin as Ticket Inspector
Urbain Cancelier as Bus Driver
Stéphane Debac as Traffic Controller
Julie Ferrier as The First AD
Steve Pemberton as The Vicar
Lily Atkinson as Lily

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In February 2001 before filming began on Scooby-Doo, Rowan Atkinson was lured into making a second film about Mr. Bean going on an Australian adventure under the working title Down Under Bean.[6] However, this idea was dropped for Mr. Bean's Holiday. The film began shooting on 15 May 2006 with a working title known as French Bean.

text: In March 2005, news of the film were released suggesting that it would be written by Simon McBurney but in December 2005, Atkinson stated that the screenplay was being written by himself and his long time collaborator Richard Curtis. The screenplay was later confirmed to have been written by Robin Driscoll and Hamish McColl while the story was being written by McBurney.

text: In February 2007, Atkinson also said that Mr. Bean's Holiday would most likely be the last Mr. Bean story he appears in. He was quoted as saying "Never say never", but went on to add that it was highly unlikely he would appear as Mr. Bean again.

text: Music[edit]

text: The film music was written by Howard Goodall. It has a symphonic orchestration which is a sophisticated score instead of the original television series' tendency to simple musical repetitions and features catchy leitmotifs for particular characters or scenes. The film's theme song was "Crash" by Matt Willis.

text: Release[edit]

text: It was the official film for Red Nose Day 2007, with money from the film going towards the charity Comic Relief.[citation needed] Prior to the film's release, a new and exclusive Mr. Bean sketch titled  Mr. Bean's Wedding was broadcast on the telethon for Comic Relief on BBC One on 16 March 2007.[citation needed]

text: The movie's official premiere took place at the Odeon Leicester Square, in London on Sunday, 25 March, and helped to raise money for both Comic Relief and the Oxford Children's Hospital Appeal charity.[citation needed] Universal Pictures released a teaser trailer in November 2006, and launched an official website online the following month.[citation needed]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Mr. Bean's Holiday was released on DVD and HD DVD on 27 November 2007. The DVD version is in separate widescreen and pan and scan for the markets formats in the United States. The DVD charted at No. 1 on the DVD chart in the United Kingdom on its week of release.

text: There are fifteen deleted scenes in the film. The first scene shows Bean accidentally spilling coffee on a laptop in front of two sleeping men in which upon cleaning it by licking the screen and wiping the keyboard with napkins, he leaves just upon one of the men wakes up and blames the other man for destroying his laptop, which was only seen on trailers and TV spots for the film. The second scene shows Bean tricking a man to get a train ticket and staying with Stepan on the train.

text: The fourth one shows Bean carrying Stepan all the way through a plaza. The fifth one shows Sabine going off with her emotions and almost being run over by a truck, Bean doing silly moves along the road (which are later seen in Carson Clay's Playback Time), playing with the shadows in the morning, miming his journey to Stepan at the cafeteria, being menaced by a projectionist at the Cannes Film Festival (at the playing of Clay's movie), accidentally cutting the film roll and trying to stick it again and Carson Clay discovering the film roll accumulating at the projector's room. The damaged film is still seen lying next to the projector in the final cut though it is not explained. Finally Bean is seen dancing at the beach, a scene that was replaced by the characters singing "La Mer".

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 113 reviews with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Mr. Bean's Holiday means well, but good intentions can't withstand the 90 minutes of monotonous slapstick and tired, obvious gags."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 56 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[8] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[9]

text: BBC film critic Paul Arendt gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying "It's hard to explain the appeal of Mr. Bean. At first glance, he seems to be moulded from the primordial clay of nightmares: a leering man-child with a body like a tangle of tweed-coated pipe cleaners and the gurning, window-licking countenance of a suburban sex offender. It's a testament to Rowan Atkinson's skill that, by the end of the film he seems almost cuddly."[10] Philip French of The Observer referred to the character of Mr. Bean as a "dim-witted sub-Hulot loner" and said the plot involves Atkinson "getting in touch with his retarded inner child". French also said "the best joke is taken directly from Tati's Jour de Fete."[11] Wendy Ide of The Times gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said "It has long been a mystery to the British, who consider Bean to be, at best, an ignoble secret weakness, that Rowan Atkinson's repellent creation is absolutely massive on the Continent." Ide said parts of the film are reminiscent of City of God, The Straight Story, and said two scenes are "clumsily borrowed" from Pee-wee's Big Adventure. Ide also wrote that the jokes are weak and one gag "was past its sell-by date ten years ago".[12]

text: Steve Rose of The Guardian gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, said the film was full of awfully weak gags, and "In a post-Borat world, surely there's no place for Bean's antiquated fusion of Jacques Tati, Pee-Wee Herman and John Major?",[13] while Colm Andrew of the Manx Independent said "the flimsiness of the character, who is essentially a one-trick pony, starts to show" and his "continual close-up gurning into the camera" becomes tiresome. Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor gave the film a "B" and said, "Since Mr. Bean rarely speaks a complete sentence, the effect is of watching a silent movie with sound effects. This was also the dramatic ploy of the great French director-performer Jacques Tati, who is clearly the big influence here."[14] Amy Biancolli of the Houston Chronicle gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, saying "Don't mistake this simpleton hero, or the movie's own simplicity, for a lack of smarts. Mr. Bean's Holiday is quite savvy about filmmaking, landing a few blows for satire." Biancolli said the humour is "all elementally British and more than a touch French. What it isn't, wasn't, should never attempt to be, is American. That's the mistake made by Mel Smith and the ill-advised forces behind 1997's Bean: The Movie."[15]

text: Ty Burr of the Boston Globe said "Either you'll find [Atkinson] hilarious—or he'll seem like one of those awful, tedious comedians who only thinks he's hilarious." Burr also said "There are also a few gags stolen outright from Tati", but concluded "Somewhere, Jacques Tati is smiling."[16] Tom Long of The Detroit News said "Watching 90 minutes of this stuff—we're talking broad, broad comedy here—may seem a bit much, but this film actually picks up steam as it rolls along, becoming ever more absurd." and also "Mr. Bean offers a refreshingly blunt reminder of the simple roots of comedy in these grim, overly manufactured times."[17]

text: Suzanne Condie Lambert of The Arizona Republic said, "Atkinson is a gifted physical comedian. And the film is a rarity: a kid-friendly movie that was clearly not produced as a vehicle for selling toys and video games", but also said, "It's hard to laugh at a character I'm 95 percent sure is autistic."[18] Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer gave the film 2½ stars out of 4 and said "If you like [the character], you will certainly like Mr. Bean's Holiday, a 10-years-later sequel to Bean. I found him intermittently funny yet almost unrelentingly creepy", and also "Atkinson doesn't have the deadpan elegance of a Buster Keaton or the wry, gentle physicality of a Jacques Tati (whose Mr. Hulot's Holiday inspired the title). He's funniest when mugging shamelessly..."[19]

text: Ruthe Stein of the San Francisco Chronicle said that "the disasters instigated by Bean's haplessness quickly become tiresome and predictable" but said that one scene later in the film is worth sticking around for.[20] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film 2 out of 4 stars and said "If you've never been particularly fond of Atkinson's brand of slapstick, you certainly won't be converted by this trifle." and also "If the title sounds familiar, it's because Atkinson intends his movie to be an homage to the 1953 French classic Mr. Hulot's Holiday. Mr. Hulot was played by one of the all-time great physical comedians, Jacques Tati, and that movie is a genuine delight from start to finish. This version offers a few laughs and an admirable commitment to old-fashioned fun."[21] Phil Villarreal of the Arizona Daily Star gave the film 2 stars and said "If you've seen 10 minutes of Rowan Atkinson's Mr. Bean routine, you've seen it all", and "The Nazi stuff is a bit out of place in a G-rated movie. Or any movie, really", later calling Atkinson "a has-Bean".[22]Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 1½ stars out of 4 and said "If you've been lobotomised or have the mental age of a kindergartener, Mr. Bean's Holiday is viable comic entertainment" and also, "The film, set mostly in France, pays homage to Jacques Tati, but the mostly silent gags feel like watered-down Bean."[23]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Award

Category

Nominee

Result

29th Young Artist Awards (2008)
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor
Max Baldry
Nominated

First National Movie Awards (2007)
Comedy or Musical and Best Comedy

Nominated

tag: table


document_title: Food energy

question_text: how much energy in 1 gram of fat

question_tokens: how much energy in 1 gram of fat

text: Food energy

text: Overview[edit]

text: Humans and other animals need a minimum intake of food energy to sustain their metabolism and to drive their muscles. Foods are composed chiefly of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water represent virtually all the weight of food, with vitamins and minerals making up only a small percentage of the weight. (Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins comprise ninety percent of the dry weight of foods.[2]) Organisms derive food energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins as well as from organic acids, polyols, and ethanol present in the diet.[3] Some diet components that provide little or no food energy, such as water, minerals, vitamins, cholesterol and insoluble fiber, may still be necessary to health and survival for other reasons. Water, minerals, vitamins, and cholesterol are not broken down (they are used by the body in the form in which they are absorbed) and so cannot be used for energy. Fiber cannot be completely digested by most animals, including humans, who can only extract 2 kcal/g of food energy. Ruminants can extract nearly 4 kcal/g from fiber because of the bacteria in their rumens.

text: Using the International System of Units, researchers measure energy in joules (J) or in its multiples; the kilojoule (kJ) is most often used for food-related quantities. An older metric system unit of energy, still widely used in food-related contexts, is the calorie; more precisely, the "food calorie", "large calorie" or kilocalorie (kcal or Cal), equal to 4184 joules. (Contrast the "small calorie" (cal), equal to 1/1000 of a food calorie, that is often used in chemistry and in physics.) Within the European Union, both the kilocalorie ("kcal") and kilojoule ("kJ") appear on nutrition labels. In many countries, only one of the units is displayed; in Canada and the United States labels spell out the unit as "calorie" or as "Calorie".

text: Fats and ethanol have the greatest amount of food energy per gram, 37 and 29 kJ/g (8.8 and 6.9 kcal/g), respectively. Proteins and most carbohydrates both have about 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g).[4] The differing energy density of foods (fat, alcohols, carbohydrates and proteins) lies mainly in their varying proportions of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms: For food of elemental composition CcHhOoNn, the heat of combustion underlying the food energy is 100 kcal/g (c + 0.3 h − 0.5 o)/(12 c + h + 16 o + 14 n) to a good approximation (±3%).[1] Carbohydrates that are not easily absorbed, such as fiber, or lactose in lactose-intolerant individuals, contribute less food energy. Polyols (including sugar alcohols) and organic acids contribute 10 kJ/g (2.4 kcal/g) and 13 kJ/g (3.1 kcal/g) respectively.[5]

text: Measure[edit]

text: Theoretically, one could measure food energy in different ways, using (say) the Gibbs free energy of combustion, or the amount of ATP generated by metabolizing the food. However, the convention is to use the heat of the oxidation reaction producing liquid water. Conventional food energy is based on heats of combustion in a bomb calorimeter and corrections that take into consideration the efficiency of digestion and absorption and the production of urea and other substances in the urine. The American chemist Wilbur Atwater worked these corrections out in the late 19th century[6] (see Atwater system for more detail). Based on the work of Atwater, it became common practice to calculate energy content of foods using 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins and 9 kcal/g for lipids.[6] The system was later improved by Annabel Merrill and Bernice Watt of the United States Department of Agriculture, who derived a system whereby specific calorie conversion factors for different foods were proposed.[7]

text: Here is worth to mention, that Calorie = 1000 calories. Pronunciation is the same for both "calories". This is an old problem that can no longer be fixed, as it would confuse over 500 million people. The calorie is a metric measure. Grocers and others in the US decided that writing that a slice of bread is 80,000 calories was too cumbersome (and it implies too much precision), so they started using Calories (which are actually kilocalories). Kilocalories (Calories) or kilojoules are always used for food, while "calories" is considered archaic (scientists in the US and most other countries use joules and newtons). Dieticians and the US government have begun to use kJoules or kcal instead of Calories. In countries that have converted completely to the metric system, Joules and Kilojoules are usually used.

text: Nutrition labels[edit]

text: Many governments require food manufacturers to label the energy content of their products, to help consumers control their energy intake.[8] In the European Union, manufacturers of packaged food must label the nutritional energy of their products in both kilocalories and kilojoules, when required. In the United States, the equivalent mandatory labels display only "Calories" (kilocalories),[9] often as a substitute for the name of the quantity being measured, food energy; an additional kilojoules figure is optional and is rarely used. In Australia and New Zealand, the food energy must be stated in kilojoules (and optionally in kilocalories as well), and other nutritional energy information is similarly conveyed in kilojoules.[10][11] The energy available from the respiration of food is usually given on labels for 100 g, for a typical serving size (according to the manufacturer), and/or for the entire pack contents.[citation needed]

text: The amount of food energy associated with a particular food could be measured by completely burning the dried food in a bomb calorimeter, a method known as direct calorimetry.[12] However, the values given on food labels are not determined in this way. The reason for this is that direct calorimetry also burns the dietary fiber, and so does not allow for fecal losses; thus direct calorimetry would give systematic overestimates of the amount of fuel that actually enters the blood through digestion. What are used instead are standardized chemical tests or an analysis of the recipe using reference tables for common ingredients[13] to estimate the product's digestible constituents (protein, carbohydrate, fat, etc.). These results are then converted into an equivalent energy value based on the following standardized table of energy densities.[5][14] However "energy density" is a misleading term for it once again assumes that energy is IN the particular food, whereas it simply means that "high density" food needs more oxygen during respiration, leading to greater transfer of energy.[1][15]

text: Note that the following standardized table of energy densities[14] is an approximation and the value in kJ/g does not convert exactly to kcal/g using a conversion factor.

text: The use of such a simple system has been criticized for not taking into consideration other factors pertaining to the influence of different foods on obesity.[6]

text:
Food component

Energy density[16]

kJ/g

kcal/g

Fat

37

9

Ethanol (drinking alcohol)

29

7

Proteins

17

4

Carbohydrates

17

4

Organic acids

13

3

Polyols (sugar alcohols, sweeteners)

10

2.4

Fiber

8

2

text: All the other nutrients in food are noncaloric and are thus not counted.

text: Recommended daily intake[edit]

text:
Increased mental activity has been linked with moderately increased brain energy consumption.[17]
Older people and those with sedentary lifestyles require less energy; children and physically active people require more.

text: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the average minimum energy requirement per person per day is about 7,500 kJ (1,800 kcal).[18]

text: Recommendations in the United States are 2,600 and 2,000 kcal (10,900 and 8,400 kJ) for men and women (respectively) between 31 and 35, at a physical activity level equivalent to walking about 2 to 5 km (1 1⁄2 to 3 mi) per day at 5 to 6 km/h (3 to 4 mph) in addition to the light physical activity associated with typical day-to-day life.[19] French guidance suggests roughly the same levels.[20]

text: For young children, estimated caloric needs range from 1,000 to 2,000 calories per day. The recommended caloric intake for older children and adolescents, on the other hand, varies greatly from 1,400 to 3,200 calories per day. Boys in general require higher caloric intake than girls.[19]

text: Recognizing that people of different age and gender groups have varying daily activity levels, Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council recommends no single daily energy intake but instead prescribes an appropriate recommendation for each age and gender group.[21] Notwithstanding, nutrition labels on Australian food products typically recommend the average daily energy intake of 2,100 kcal (8,800 kJ).

text: Energy usage in the human body[edit]

text: The human body uses the energy released by respiration for a wide range of purposes: about 20% of the energy is used for brain metabolism, and much of the rest is used for the basal metabolic requirements of other organs and tissues. In cold environments, metabolism may increase simply to produce heat to maintain body temperature. Among the diverse uses for energy, one is the production of mechanical energy by skeletal muscle to maintain posture and produce motion.

text: The conversion efficiency of energy from respiration into mechanical (physical) power depends on the type of food and on the type of physical energy usage (e.g., which muscles are used, whether the muscle is used aerobically or anaerobically). In general, the efficiency of muscles is rather low: only 18 to 26% of the energy available from respiration is converted into mechanical energy.[22] This low efficiency is the result of about 40% efficiency of generating ATP from the respiration of food, losses in converting energy from ATP into mechanical work inside the muscle, and mechanical losses inside the body. The latter two losses are dependent on the type of exercise and the type of muscle fibers being used (fast-twitch or slow-twitch). For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 4.3 kcal (18 kJ) per hour. For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from 'burning' food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 300 kcal (1,300 kJ) per hour,[23] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output. It can take up to 20 hours of little physical output (e.g., walking) to "burn off" 4,000 kcal (17,000 kJ)[24] more than a body would otherwise consume. For reference, each kilogram of body fat is roughly equivalent to 32,300 kilojoules or 7,700 kilocalories of food energy (i.e., 3,500 kilocalories per pound).[25]

text: Changes in body temperature – either hotter or cooler – increase the metabolic rate, thus burning more energy. Prolonged exposure to extremely warm or very cold environments increases the basal metabolic rate (BMR). People who live in these types of settings often have BMRs 5–20% higher than those in other climates.[citation needed]


document_title: Maggie Peterson

question_text: who played charlene darling on the andy griffith show

text: Maggie Peterson

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Maggie Peterson

Bill Dana and Peterson on
The Bill Dana Show (1964)

Background information

Birth name
Margaret Ann Peterson

Born
(1941-01-10) January 10, 1941 (age 77)
Greeley, Colorado, U.S.

Genres
Country music, Bluegrass music

Occupation(s)
Television actress, singer

Years active
1958–present

Labels
Capitol Records

text: Maggie Peterson Mancuso (born January 10, 1941)[1] is an American television actress. She is best known for playing Charlene Darling on The Andy Griffith Show.[2] She also played the character of Doris in the episode "A Girl for Goober" (1968).

text: Biography[edit]

text: The youngest of four children, Peterson was born to Arthur and Tressa Hill Peterson. Her father was a doctor and her mother a homemaker. Aside from The Andy Griffith Show, Peterson also appeared on other TV shows such as Love American Style, Green Acres, Gomer Pyle USMC, and The Odd Couple. She appeared in an episode of Mayberry R.F.D. as Edna, a cafe waitress; in the 1986 movie Return to Mayberry; as the innocent Rose Ellen in the 1969 film The Love God?, starring next to Don Knotts; and in the 1968 film Angel in My Pocket.

text: Peterson landed a role as Susie, the coffee shop waitress on The Bill Dana Show, another spin-off from The Danny Thomas Show, which aired from September 1963 to January 1965.

text: Peterson grew up in a musical family. While growing up in Colorado, she has said her earliest memories were of music. Peterson, her brother Jim and two of Jim's friends formed a small group called the Ja-Da Quartet. They would ride around in the back of a pickup truck singing to people.

text: In 1954 at a Capitol Records convention, Dick Linke (manager of Andy Griffith and Jim Nabors) heard Peterson singing and was so impressed with her, he encouraged her to come to New York. So in 1958 after graduating high school Maggie and the group did just that. They landed a number of stints on the Perry Como Show[citation needed] and the Pat Boone Show,[citation needed] and in 1959 they released their album "It's the Most Happy Sound."[citation needed] Soon after, the band broke up and went back home.

text: A short time later, Peterson joined another group, The Ernie Mariani Trio (later renamed Margaret Ann and the Ernie Mariani Trio). The group traveled for several years and had stints in resort areas such as Las Vegas, Lake Tahoe and Reno, where Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack were often seen in the audience while Maggie performed. It was while she was on tour that Maggie was discovered by The Andy Griffith Show director Bob Sweeny and producer Aaron Ruben.

text: For The Andy Griffith Show, Peterson initially read for the role of love interest for Sheriff Andy Taylor, but the role went to Elinor Donahue (Ellie Walker). Soon after, she was selected to play the role of Charlene Darling. The only daughter of Briscoe Darling, she had a crush on Sheriff Taylor ("Pa, can't I just look at the pretty man?").

text: The Darlings, including Briscoe's four boys (played by The Dillards bluegrass band), lived in the mountains and came to town on many occasions. When in town, they enjoyed playing music with Andy. One of Charlene's favorite songs is "Salty Dog." The one that made her cry was "Boil that Cabbage Down." Ernest T. Bass had his eyes on Charlene and believed he had courting rights because her marriage to Dud Wash had been performed by Sheriff Andy Taylor acting as a justice of the peace. He tried to steal her away on the day they were to be remarried by a preacher. Threatening the gathering with a high-powered rifle, he runs off with the fully veiled "bride." While Charlene and Dud are hurriedly married by the preacher, Ernest T. discovers the person in the veil is really Barney Fife. Charlene and Dud had a daughter together, Andilina. They tried to betroth Andilina to Opie as it was customary in their family. Briscoe called off the engagement of Opie and Andilina when he discovered there was witchery in the Taylor family.

text: In 1968, while she was singing as an opening act for Andy Griffith at a casino in Lake Tahoe, Peterson met jazz musician Gus Mancuso who was playing bass in a lounge act. The two married and have been together ever since. The couple spent a number of years in Los Angeles, where Peterson worked doing commercials, until they decided to settle in Las Vegas where Maggie now works as a location scout for film and television.[3]

text: In April 2008 The Darlings received a star on the Missouri Walk of Fame in Marshfield, Missouri. Peterson and Darlings/Dillards band members Dean Webb and Mitch Jayne were on hand representing The Darlings.

text: In May 2016 Peterson appeared as the guest of honor at the Mayberry In The Midwest Festival in Danville, Indiana.


document_title: David Hayter

question_text: who does david hayter voice in the long dark

text: David Hayter

text: Early life[edit]

text: Hayter was born in Santa Monica, California to Canadian parents. He started acting at the age of 9. Hayter spent most of his childhood living around the world and at the age of 15, Hayter moved to Kobe, Japan where he graduated from the Canadian Academy, an international school, in 1987. After high school, he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for two years until transferring to Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada where he stayed until the age of 20, when he moved to Hollywood.[1]

text: Career[edit]

text: Early acting career[edit]

text: Hayter did some live acting in the early 1990s, but became interested in voice acting after acting in an episode of the sitcom Major Dad, and later landed the role of Captain America in the popular 1994 Spider-Man animated series.[2] He also provided the voice of Arsène Lupin III in the English version of the anime film The Castle of Cagliostro and the voice of Tamahome in the English version of the anime series Fushigi Yūgi. He also starred in the 1994 straight-to-video movie Guyver: Dark Hero, taking over the role of protagonist Sean Barker from previous actor Jack Armstrong.

text: Metal Gear series[edit]

text: In 1998, Hayter voiced protagonist Solid Snake in the highly successful video game Metal Gear Solid. He would reprise the role in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes (a remake of the original), Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (where the character appears in aged form as Old Snake). Hayter also voiced Naked Snake, a young version of Solid Snake's "father" Big Boss, who serves as the protagonist in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, which were prequels set prior to the events of the original Metal Gear. Hayter has an extended live-action cameo as himself in Metal Gear Solid 4 in one of the fictional TV programs prior to the start of the game. In the scene, he wears the "Solid Eye", the technologically advanced eye patch that Old Snake wears throughout the game.

text: Hayter is one of the few Metal Gear Solid actors to have played and completed the Metal Gear games he's voiced in,[3] while co-star Christopher Randolph has only played Metal Gear Solid. According to an interview with Paul Eiding, Hayter gave up half of his own paycheck in order to bring back the cast of Metal Gear Solid for Twin Snakes.[citation needed]

text: His work with Metal Gear Solid has also led Hayter to do voice work in other video game projects such as Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem and Star Wars: The Old Republic. He also cited the Metal Gear Solid series as an influence on his screenwriting, stating that "Kojima and I have different styles," "but I've certainly learned things from him, especially about ambiguity and telling a story without giving all the answers."[4]

text: Following the announcement of Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain in 2013, Hayter announced that he was not asked to reprise his role as Snake.[5] This was later confirmed on June 6, when Konami announced that Kiefer Sutherland would be the new voice of Snake.[6] Hayter has since revealed in an interview that he had to re-audition for the role of Snake in Metal Gear Solid 3 and 4, suggesting that Kojima was already considering recasting the part much earlier, with Kurt Russell (who played Snake Plissken, the inspiration for Solid Snake, in Escape from New York and Escape from L.A.) having allegedly been offered the role during the development of MGS3.[7] Despite this, Hayter would later reprise his role as Solid Snake in a Metal Gear Solid-themed advertisement for the 2016 Ford Focus SE.[8]

text: Filmmaking[edit]

text: In 2000 he wrote the screenplay for the movie version of X-Men, and then went on to co-write the screenplay for its sequel X2 with writing team Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris. Shortly after his work on X-Men, Hayter was hired to write and direct a project based on the heroine Black Widow.[9] However, due to the limited success of similar themed films featuring female vigilante protagonists at the time, Marvel withdrew their offer to Hayter stating, "We don’t think it’s time to do this movie". Hayter's daughter Natasha, born whilst he was writing the Black Widow script, is named after the titular character.[citation needed]

text: Hayter also wrote an adaptation of the graphic novel Watchmen by Alan Moore and David Gibbons. Noted for being a harsh critic of translations of his works to film, Moore said of the script "David Hayter's screenplay was as close as I could imagine anyone getting to [a film version of] Watchmen. That said, I shan't be going to see it. My book is a comic book. Not a movie, not a novel. A comic book. It's been made in a certain way, and designed to be read a certain way."[10] Hayter and writer Alex Tse shared credit on the finished screenplay. Tse drew "the best elements" from two of the project's previous drafts written by screenwriter Hayter.[11] The script did not keep the contemporary atmosphere that Hayter created, but instead returned to the original Cold War setting of the Watchmen comic.[12] Warner Bros. was amenable to the 1980s setting, and the director also added a title montage sequence to introduce the audience to the events of alternate history United States in that time period.[13]

text: On September 7, 2012, it was announced that Hayter would pen the screen adaptation Caught Stealing, and would star Patrick Wilson and Alec Baldwin.[14]

text: On September 13, 2012, Hayter began filming on his directorial debut, Wolves.[15]

text: On July 8, 2013, Hayter was hired by Lakeshore Entertainment to write the film The Sword, based on the Image Comics series.[16]

text: On August 7, 2013, it was announced Hayter was developing a television show on Fox tentatively titled World War III, about a fiction global conflict that chronicles “a perfect storm of world events places us in the center of a global battle which may bring the world as we know it to an end.” Hayter will be writing the series' story bible and pilot episode, as well as producing and serving as showrunner.[17]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Anime[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1994
Moldiver
Hiroshi Ozora

1996
Rakusho! Hyper Doll
Reporter
as Sean Barker

They Were Eleven
Doricas Soldam IV
as Sean Barker

1997
Street Fighter II V
Additional Voices
as Sean Barker

Black Jack
Leslie Harris
as Sean Barker

1998–2000
Fushigi Yûgi
Tamahome / Taka Sukunami / Yoshui
as Sean Barker

1998
Giant Robo: The Animation
Shoji Gen
as Sean Barker

Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie
Kurama
as Sean Barker

1999
Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket
Bernard Wiseman
as Sean Barker[18]

2000
The Castle of Cagliostro
Arsène Lupin III
as Sean Barker

2000–1
Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure
Additional Voices

text: Animation[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1996-7
Spider-Man: The Animated Series
Captain America
TV series; 8 episodes

2009
Hey Ash, Whatcha Playin'?
Solid Snake
1 episode; "The Sons of Big Boss"

text: Video Games[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1998
Metal Gear Solid
Solid Snake

2001
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
Solid Snake

2002
Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem
Roman Legionnaire 1 / Roman Legionnaire 2 / Angkor Thom Guard

2004
Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes
Solid Snake

Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater
Naked Snake/Big Boss

2005
Metal Gear Acid 2
Snake

2006
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops
Naked Snake

2008
Super Smash Bros. Brawl
Solid Snake

Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
Old Snake / Himself

2010
Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker
Snake (Big Boss)

2011
Star Wars: The Old Republic
Jedi Knight Male[19]

2013
Marvel Heroes
Winter Soldier

2013-15
République
Daniel Zager

2014
Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty!
Mudokons

2015
Dragon Age: Inquisition
Lieutenant Renn
The Descent DLC

2016
The Long Dark
Jeremiah

Deponia Doomsday
Old Rufus

2018
Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night
Gebel

text: Live action[edit]

text:
Year
Film
Director
Producer
Writer
Actor
Role
Notes

1993
Major Dad
No
No
No
Yes
Misha Sarotsky
1 episode; "From Russia with Like"

1994
Guyver: Dark Hero
No
No
No
Yes
Sean Barker
Main role

Long Shadows
No
No
No
Yes
Ed's secretary
TV movie

1996
The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century
No
No
No
Yes
Voice
2 episodes; "Stalemate" and "Total War"

1997
Drive
No
No
No
Yes
Cop #1

1998
Burn
No
Yes
No
Yes
Tom Rice
Main role

2000
Wild on the Set
No
No
No
Yes
Narrator
TV series

X-Men
No
No
Yes
Yes
Museum Cop

2002
Lost in Oz
No
Yes
Yes
No

TV movie

The Scorpion King
No
No
Yes
No

2003
X2
No
No
Yes
No

2008
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
No
No
No
Yes
Himself - Celebrity Moralist

2009
Watchmen
No
No
Yes
No

2010
Chasm
Yes
No
Yes
No

Short

2014
Devil's Mile
No
No
No
Yes
Toby McTeague
Main role

Wolves
Yes
No
Yes
No

Directorial debut

2015
A Christmas Horror Story
No
Yes
No
No

Executive producer only

2016
The Flash
No
No
No
Yes
King Shark
Voice Only

TBA
Untitled Voltron live-action film
No
No
Yes
No


document_title: Superman (1987 film)

question_text: who played superman in the hindi version of the film in 1987

text: Superman (1987 film)

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Superman (1987 film)

Directed by
B. Gupta

Produced by
B. Gupta

Written by
Sunil Priyadarshi (screenplay & Story)
Naseem Saharanpuri (dialogue)

Starring
Urmila Bhatt
Dharmendra
Puneet Issar
Preeti Ganguli
Bob Christo
Sonia Sahni
Ranjeeta Kaur

Music by
Kamalkant

Edited by
Gyan Shiv

Release date

29 May 1987 (1987-05-29) (India)

Country
India

Language
Hindi

text: Superman is a 1987 Hindi movie. Produced and directed by B. Gupta . The film stars Urmila Bhatt, Dharmendra, Puneet Issar, Sonia Sahni and Ranjeeta Kaur. Puneet Issar in lead role as Superman.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Arthur Robini ... Shekhar/Superman
Sonia Sahni... Editor
Dharmendra... Superman's Biological Father
Ranjeeta Kaur... Superman's Biological Mother
Ashok Kumar... Superman's Foster Father
Urmila Bhatt
Birbal ... Birbal Chamcha
Bob Christo ... Bob
Preeti Ganguli... Woman from Zambia
Rajan Haksar... Goga
Dinesh Hingoo ... Rustom
Jagdeep
Jankidas
Shakti Kapoor... Verma
Lalita Kumari... Mrs. Jankidas
Guddi Maruti... Guddi Jhunjhunwali
Murad... Chief of the other planet
Sudhir
Piloo J. Wadia.... Lucy

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Raat Ho To Aisi Ho Mastani - Alka Yagnik

text:
This article about a Hindi film of the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

v
t
e

text: 1987 filmsHindi-language filmsIndian films1980s Hindi-language films1980s Hindi-language film stubs

text: Use dmy dates from November 2015Use Indian English from November 2015All Wikipedia articles written in Indian EnglishArticles lacking sources from July 2015All articles lacking sourcesAll stub articles


document_title: Pericardium

question_text: where is the pericardium attached to the heart

text: Pericardium

text: Structure[edit]

text: The pericardium is a tough double layered fibroserous sac which covers the heart.[1] The space between the two layers of serous pericardium (see below), the pericardial cavity, is filled with serous fluid which protects the heart from any kind of external jerk or shock. There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the outermost fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium.

text: Fibrous pericardium[edit]

text: The fibrous pericardium is the most superficial layer of the pericardium. It is made up of dense and loose connective tissue,[2] which acts to protect the heart, anchoring it to the surrounding walls, and preventing it from overfilling with blood. It is continuous with the outer adventitial layer of the neighboring great blood vessels.

text: Serous pericardium[edit]

text: The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the parietal pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral pericardium, which is part of, or in some textbooks synonymous with, the epicardium[3]. Both of these layers function in lubricating the heart to prevent friction during heart activity.

text: The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels (the large blood vessels serving the heart)  becoming one with the parietal layer of the serous pericardium. This happens at two areas: where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart and where the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart.[4]

text: In between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers there is a potential space called the pericardial cavity, which contains a supply of lubricating serous fluid known as the pericardial fluid.

text: When the visceral layer  of serous pericardium comes into contact with heart (not the great vessels) it is known as the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper (the myocardium).[4] The epicardium is largely made of connective tissue and functions as a protective layer. During ventricular contraction, the wave of depolarization moves from the endocardial to the epicardial surface.

text: Anatomical relationships[edit]

text:
Surrounds heart and bases of pulmonary artery and aorta.
Deep to sternum and anterior chest wall.
The right phrenic nerve passes to the right of the pericardium.
The left phrenic nerve passes over the pericardium of the left ventricle.
Pericardial arteries supply blood to the dorsal portion of the pericardium.

text: Function[edit]

text:
Sets heart in mediastinum and limits its motion
Protects it from infections coming from other organs (such as lungs)
Prevents excessive dilation of the heart in cases of acute volume overload
Lubricates the heart

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Inflammation of the pericardium is called pericarditis.  This condition typically causes chest pain that spreads to the back that is worsened by lying flat.  In patients suffering with pericarditis, a pericardial friction rub can often be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope.  Pericarditis  is often caused by a viral infection (glandular fever, cytomegalovirus, or coxsackievirus), or more rarely with a bacterial infection, but may also occur following a myocardial infarction.  Pericarditis is usually a short-lived condition that can be successfully treated with painkillers, anti-inflammatories, and colchicine.  In some cases, pericarditis can become a long-term condition causing scarring of the pericardium which restricts the heart's movement, known as constrictive pericarditis.  Constrictive pericarditis is sometimes treated by surgically removing the pericardium in a procedure called a pericardiectomy.[5]

text: Fluid can build up within the pericardial sack, referred to as a pericardial effusion.  Pericardial effusions often occur secondary to pericarditis, kidney failure, or tumours and frequently do not cause any symptoms. However, large effusions or effusions that accumulate rapidly can compress the heart in a condition known as cardiac tamponade, causing breathlessness and potentially fatal low blood pressure. Fluid can be removed from the pericardial space for diagnosis or to relieve tamponade using a syringe in a procedure called pericardiocentesis.[6] For cases of recurrent pericardial effusion, an operation to create a hole between the pericardial and pleural spaces can be performed, known as a pericardial fenestration.

text: Additional images[edit]

text: Fibrous pericardium


document_title: The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)

question_text: where does the first fast and furious take place

text: The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the docks outside Los Angeles, a semi-trailer truck is loaded with electronics. As the truck leaves, a dockside worker notifies an unknown caller about the shipment. On the road, it is hijacked by three heavily modified black Honda Civics with green underglow. The Honda drivers fire a grappling hook into the truck's windshield, incapacitate the driver, and corral the semi allowing them to heist the electronics and escape.

text: The next day, undercover LAPD officer Brian O'Conner is assigned to find the gang responsible for the crimes. Brian uses his cover job at an auto parts shop to infiltrate the L.A. street racing scene. While visiting Toretto's Market, a local diner, he flirts with the shop's owner, Mia Toretto, who is the younger sister of a well-known street racer, Dominic Toretto. Vince, one of Dominic’s henchmen and who has a crush on her, starts a fight with Brian, which Dominic is forced to break up.

text: Later that night during a local street racing gathering, Brian arrives with his 1995 Mitsubishi Eclipse GS, and Dominic arrives in his 1993 Mazda RX-7. Dominic organizes a drag race with himself, Brian, and two other drivers. Despite monetary bets, Brian wagers a pink slip for his car. During the race, Brian overheats his engine, handing the victory to Dominic. But as Brian prepares to give Dominic the keys to his car, the LAPD arrives, forcing everyone to flee. Dominic parks his RX-7 in a local garage to limit suspicions by walking home, but is immediately spotted by a police cruiser. Brian arrives and saves him from the cops. The duo unknowingly venture into Little Saigon, the territory of Dominic's old racing rival, Vietnamese gang leader Johnny Tran and his cousin, Lance Nguyen. After confronting Brian and Dominic, Tran and Lance blow up Brian's Eclipse. Afterwards, Dominic tells Brian that he owes Dominic a "ten-second car", a car that can drive a quarter mile in 10 seconds, from a standstill.

text: Brian goes to Dominic's garage, where he brings a totaled 1995 Toyota Supra (JZA80) as a replacement car for the Eclipse. There, he offers his skills as a driver and a mechanic. As Dominic and his crew begin the process of repairing the car, Brian begins dating Mia, much to Vince's dismay. Brian investigates Hector and Tran, convinced that Tran is responsible for the truck hijackings. One night after he investigates Hector's garage, he is cornered by Vince and Dominic, who demand an explanation. Brian lies about checking the cars of his rivals for the upcoming Race Wars, a street racing event in the desert. Brian, Vince, and Dominic then check out Tran's garage, and while there, Brian notices a large shipment of electronics in the garage.

text: Brian reports the batch of electronics to his superiors at the LAPD and FBI, and they arrest Tran and Lance. The raid turns out to be a bust, however, as it turns out the electronics had been bought legally, thus leading to the duo’s release. Despite his own doubts, Brian is now forced to assume that Dominic is the actual coordinator of the truck heists. Brian's superiors then give him just 36 hours to find the perpetrators, as the truckers are now arming themselves to defend themselves against hijackings.

text: The next day, with the Supra repaired, Dominic invites Brian to race wars, and he tells them that they will talk after Brian has proven his worth. At the Race Wars, Jesse, another one of Dominic’s henchmen, wages his father's Volkswagen Jetta to Tran, but flees with the car after he loses. Tran confronts Dominic to claim the car, and then mocks him, accusing him of reporting him to the police. This leads to Dominic and Tran engaging in a fight. Later that night, Brian notices the crew leaving, and realizes that Dominic is indeed the hijacker that he's been assigned to find. He then reveals his true identity to Mia, who is infuriated with him, but Brian soon convinces her to reveal the location of the Civics and aid him in his plans.

text: Meanwhile, Dominic, his girlfriend Letty, Vince, and Leon (another henchman), prepare to hijack a semi-trailer truck, which is also to be their last heist. However, this time, the truck driver is armed, and uses aggressive counter-hijack tactics against Dominic's gang. Vince is trapped on the side of the truck and sustains a gunshot wound as well as other serious injuries, while Letty's car is knocked over and flips from the highway (later saved by Leon) . Brian soon arrives with Mia, who commandeers the Supra while Brian rescues Vince. When Dominic arrives, Brian is forced to blow his cover and call for a medical evacuation to rescue Vince. Dominic leaves with Mia and the rest of the crew after Vince is saved.

text: Brian drives back to Los Angeles and arrives at Dominic's house just in time to see him pull his father's 1970 Dodge Charger R/T out of the garage. Brian then confronts Dominic regarding Jesse's whereabouts, saying that he'll get the cops to find him before Tran does. At the same time, Jesse arrives, apologizing for his actions, and pleads for protection against Tran and Lance. He is then killed in a drive-by shooting by Tran and Lance on dirt bikes. Dominic and Brian pursue them, with Dominic ramming Lance's bike off the road and injuring him before he can shoot Brian. Brian then shoots Tran, who loses control of the motorcycle and crashes into a curb, killing him instantly. As Brian checks on the lifeless Tran, he sees Dominic in the distance, and orders passersby to call the police. Brian proceeds to follow Dominic, culminating in a impromptu quarter-mile drag race. The race ends in a dead heat and they barely manage to cross a railroad crossing before a train passes by, but Dominic violently crashes into a semi-truck. Instead of arresting Dominic, Brian gives him the keys to his own car, telling him he still owes him a ten-second car; Dominic goes in the car and escapes the police.

text: In the post credits scene, Dominic is seen driving through Baja California, Mexico, in a 1970 Chevrolet Chevelle.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paul Walker as Brian O'Conner, a Los Angeles Police Department officer who is sent undercover by the FBI to locate and apprehend the crew of the truck hijackers to earn his detective's badge. He works part-time at The Racer's Edge, a chop shop, to connect with the street racing scene and find out more about the crews. He bonds with Dom after saving him from getting arrested. Brian drives a 1995 Mitsubishi Eclipse GSX and an orange 1995 Toyota Supra.
Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto, a professional street racer and leader of the hijackers. He lives with his sister Mia. His father was a stock car racer, who was killed during a race by fellow racer Kenny Linder. In retaliation, Dominic violently attacked Linder, becoming banished from the professional racetrack for life, while Linder became a school janitor who takes the bus everyday. Dominic becomes a street racer and starts hijacking with his crew; he serves as a driver. He has a custom-built 1970 Dodge Charger.
Michelle Rodriguez as Letty Ortiz, Dom's girlfriend and part of the crew. Letty lived on the streets prior to encountering Dom and becoming love interests at 16. Letty is street-smart and a skilled mechanic and driver, using her skills as one of the drivers during hijackings. She drives a dark-faded red 1997 Nissan 240SX.
Jordana Brewster as Mia Toretto, Dom's sister. Although aware of Dom's criminal activities, she is not part of the crew. She runs a little store where the crew usually meets, and is Brian's love interest, unaware that he is a cop. Mia is sad that her brother is a criminal, and wishes that he would reform his ways. Mia is also a skilled driver and drives an aqua-blue 1994 Acura Integra.
Rick Yune as Johnny Tran, Dominic's main rival and Vietnamese gang leader of the Little Saigon crew. He is initially Brian's prime suspect in the hijacking case. Tran usually drives motorcycles with his cousin Lance, but he also has a custom black 2000 Honda S2000. Tran comes from a very wealthy family, and has only minor offences on his criminal record. Tran kills Jesse at the very end, and is subsequently shot by Brian.
Chad Lindberg as Jesse, Dominic's friend and part of the crew. He grew up on the streets and he was brought into the crew by Leon. Jesse's father is an old friend of Dom, who is serving time in jail. Although he is brilliant in math and algebra, Jesse suffers from ADD, which resulted in him dropping out of high school. A computer expert, Jesse also participates in hijackings as a driver. Jesse races in his white 1995 Volkswagen Jetta. He is killed by Tran when he escapes after losing a pink slip race to him.
Johnny Strong as Leon, Dominic's friend and part of the crew. He grew up with Vince and serves as an attacker during the hijacking, usually pulling out windshields of trucks to create safe passage for Vince. He drives a yellow 1995 Nissan Skyline GT-R. After the heist, it is suggested that he left L.A.
Matt Schulze as Vince, Dominic's childhood friend and part of the crew. He grew up with Dom and Leon. He has a crush on Dom's sister Mia and dislikes Brian due to the former's attraction to him. He also suspects that Brian is a cop. Vince drives a blue 1999 Nissan Maxima. On the last failed hijacking, Vince is shot by a truck driver. It is implied that Vince escapes from the hospital and flees to South America, settling in Rio de Janeiro.

text: The central cast is rounded out by Ted Levine and Thom Barry as Tanner and Bilkins respectively, members of the team that organized the investigation to place Brian undercover. Noel Gugliemi appears as Hector, the organizer of the drag race. Musician Ja Rule and R.J. de Vera also act as Edwin and Danny, fellow drivers at the drag race. Vyto Ruginis plays Harry, an informant and owner of The Racer's Edge. Reggie Lee portrays Lance Nguyen, Tran's cousin, and right-hand man. Neal H. Moritz and Rob Cohen both appear in cameos.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and filming[edit]

text: Director Rob Cohen was inspired to make this film after reading a 1998 Vibe magazine article called "Racer X" about street racing in New York City[5] and watching an actual illegal street race at night in Los Angeles. The film's original title was Redline before it was changed to The Fast and The Furious.[6] Roger Corman licensed the title rights of his 1955 film The Fast and the Furious to Universal so that the title could be used on this project; both films were about racing.[7]

text: Producer Neal H. Moritz, who had previously worked with Paul Walker on the film The Skulls (2000), gave the actor a script and offered him the role of Brian O'Conner. Originally, the studio told the producers they would green-light the film if they could get Timothy Olyphant to play the role of Dom Toretto. Olyphant, who had starred in the previous year's car-themed blockbuster Gone in 60 Seconds, declined the role, however. Moritz instead suggested Diesel, who had to be convinced to take the role even though he had only played supporting roles up to that point.[8]

text: The film was shot in various locations within Los Angeles and parts of southern California. Key locations included Dodger Stadium (on the opening scene where Brian tests his Eclipse on the parking lot), Angelino Heights, Silver Lake and Echo Park (the neighborhoods around Toretto's home), as well as Little Saigon (where Tran destroys the Eclipse) and the San Bernardino International Airport (the venue for Race Wars, which attracted over 1,500 import car owners and enthusiasts).[9] The entire last rig heist scene was filmed along Domenigoni Parkway on the southern side of San Jacinto/Hemet in the San Jacinto Valley near Diamond Valley Lake.

text: Prior to filming, both Jordana Brewster and Michelle Rodriguez did not have driver's licenses, so they took driving lessons during production. For the climactic race scene between Brian and Toretto, separate shots of both cars crossing the railroad and the train crossing the street were filmed, then composited together to give the illusion of the train narrowly missing the cars. A long steel rod was used as a ramp for Toretto's car to crash through the semi-truck and fly in mid-air.

text: An alternate ending titled "More than Furious" was filmed, in which Tanner drops Brian off at the Toretto home, where he encounters Mia packing, intending to move away. Brian reveals that he resigned from the LAPD, who let him go quietly, and that he wants another chance with her. When Mia tells him that it's not going to be that simple, Brian tells her that he's got time. This ending was released in the collection bundle DVD version.

text: Music[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by music producer BT, mixing electronica with hip-hop and industrial influences. Two soundtracks were released for the film. The first one features mostly hip-hop and rap music. The second one, titled More Fast and Furious, features alternative metal, post-grunge and nu metal songs, as well as select tracks from BT's score.

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22, 2001 in North America and ranked #1 at the box office, earning $40,089,015 during its opening weekend. Its widest release was 2,889 theaters. During its run, the film has made a domestic total of $144,533,925 along with a foreign total of $62,750,000 bringing its worldwide total of $207,283,925 on a budget of $38 million.[10]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a rating of 53% based on reviews from 147 critics and an average score of 5.4/10. The critical consensus reads: "Sleek and shiny on the surface, The Fast and the Furious recalls those cheesy teenage exploitation flicks of the 1950s."[11] On Metacritic, the film gained a metascore of 58 out of 100 based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[12] Todd McCarthy of Variety called the film "a gritty and gratifying cheap thrill, Rob Cohen's high-octane hot-car meller is a true rarity these days, a really good exploitationer, the sort of thing that would rule at drive-ins if they still existed."[13] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it "an action picture that's surprising in the complexity of its key characters and portents of tragedy."[14] Vin Diesel's portrayal of Dominic Torretto won praise In particular with Reece Pendleton of the Chicago Reader writing "Diesel carries the movie with his unsettling mix of Zen-like tranquillity and barely controlled rage." [15]

text: Other reviews were more mixed. Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today gave the film 2 1⁄2 out of 4 stars, saying that Cohen "at least knows how to keep matters moving and the action sequences exciting."[16] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C, saying it "works hard to be exciting, but the movie scarcely lives up to its title."[17] Rita Kempley of The Washington Post gave the film a scathing review, calling it "Rebel Without a Cause without a cause. The Young and the Restless with gas fumes. The Quick and the Dead with skid marks."[18] Paul Clinton of CNN wrote that Cohen "created a high-octane, rubber-burning extravaganza" but he criticized the film for "plot holes you could drive the proverbial truck through" and an idiotic ending.[19]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

AFI Award
Cinematographer of the Year
Ericson Core
Nominated

ALMA Award
Outstanding Song in a Motion Picture Soundtrack
The Fast and the Furious
Nominated

ASCAP Award
Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures
Caddillac Tah
Won

Black Reel
Theatrical - Best Actor
Vin Diesel
Nominated

BMI Film Music Award

BT
Won

Golden Trailer
Best Action
The Fast and the Furious
Nominated

Hollywood Breakthrough Award
Breakthrough Male Performance
Paul Walker
Won

Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)
Best Sound Editing - Effects & Foley, Domestic Feature Film
Bruce Stambler (supervising sound editor)
Jay Nierenberg (supervising sound editor)
Michael Dressel (supervising foley editor)
Steve Mann (sound editor)
Kim Secrist (sound editor)
Steve Nelson (sound editor)
Howard Neiman (sound editor)
Glenn Hoskinson (sound editor)
Tim Walston (sound effects designer)
Charles Deenen (sound effects designer)
Scott Curtis (foley editor)
Dan Yale (foley editor)
Nominated

Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)
Best Sound Editing - Dialogue & ADR, Domestic Feature Film
Bruce Stambler (supervising sound editor)
Jay Nierenberg (supervising sound editor)
Becky Sullivan (supervising dialogue editor/supervising adr editor)
Mildred Iatrou (dialogue editor)
Donald L. Warner Jr. (dialogue editor)
Robert Troy (dialogue editor)
Paul Curtis (dialogue editor)
William Dotson (dialogue editor)
Cathie Speakman (dialogue editor)
Nicholas Vincent Korda (adr editor)
Lee Lemont (adr editor)
Nominated

MTV Movie Award
Best On-Screen Team
Vin Diesel
Paul Walker
Won

MTV Movie Award
Best Movie
The Fast and the Furious
Nominated

MTV Movie Award
Best Male Performance
Vin Diesel
Nominated

MTV Movie Award
Breakthrough Male Performance
Paul Walker
Nominated

MTV Movie Award
Best Action Sequence
The Fast and the Furious
Nominated

Taurus Award
Best Driving
Matt Johnston
Mike Justus
Debbie Evans
Tim Trella
Christopher J. Tuck
Kevin Scott (semi driver)
Won

Taurus Award
Best Work With a Vehicle
Christopher J. Tuck
Mike Justus
Won

Taurus Award
Best Stunt by a Stunt Woman
Debbie Evans
Won

Taurus Award
Best Stunt by a Stunt Man
Christopher J. Tuck
Tim Trella
Won

Taurus Award
Best Stunt Coordinator and/or 2nd Unit Director: Feature Film
Mic Rodgers
Won

Taurus Award
Best Work With a Vehicle
Jimmy N. Roberts
Nominated

Taurus Award
Hardest Hit
Mike Justus
Nominated

text: Home video[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious was released on DVD on January 2, 2002. A second DVD entitled the "Tricked Out Edition", released on June 3, 2003, featured The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious, a short film that set the tone to the film's sequel. An abridged version of the short film is also on the sequel's DVD release.

text: Merchandising[edit]

text: Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64.[20] RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002.[21] 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl.[22]


document_title: Allison Cameron

question_text: what happened to cameron's husband on house

question_tokens: what happened to cameron 's husband on house

text: Allison Cameron

text: Personality[edit]

text:
"You live under the delusion that you can fix everything that isn't perfect. That’s why you married a man who was dying of cancer. You don't love, you need. And now that your husband is dead, you're looking for your new charity case. That's why you're going out with me. I'm twice your age, I'm not great looking, I'm not charming, I'm not even nice. What I am is what you need. I'm damaged."

— House to Cameron on their date in "Love Hurts".

tag: div

text: Cameron was the only woman on House's initial diagnostic team.[1] She is known for her honesty, sincerity, idealism and strong ethical center. Even so, she is not out of her depth teasing others, as she does when alone with Chase, telling him that women can have hour-long orgasms (in response to Foreman telling her Chase is interested but shy); but, when Foreman enters, she acts completely deadpan.[2] She is a deist, claiming "I believe in a higher order that's in control of what happens, but not in one anthropomorphic entity called 'God' that's concerned with the everyday workings of you and me", but expresses a feeling of respect for people with religious beliefs, unlike House, who openly and mercilessly taunts religious people.[3][4][5] Joyce Millman of The New York Times has stated she plays "Jane Eyre to House's Edward Rochester."[1] Millman stated that House's description of Cameron in "Love Hurts" (see box on the right) "[...] cut to the core of Cameron's motivation and personality".[1] Morrison has said that Cameron hates herself for being in love with House, "but she can't help but find him desirable".[6] Cameron objects to House's reliance on deceiving their patients and has gone head-to-head with him several times on the issue.[7][8] She has also been reluctant to deliver bad news to patients or their families.[9]

text: Cameron's interest in House supposedly subsided as she began a relationship with Chase, although it resurfaces occasionally with flirtations and Freudian slips; in the season 4 episode "Ugly", Cameron lets slip to a documentary team that she loves House. In "No More Mr. Nice Guy", when House is believed to have neurosyphillis, Chase asks her directly in front of Foreman and the other fellows if she has slept with House, to which she ambiguously replies "It's none of your business". Chase thinks she did; however, later, when they are in private, she says she did not. In season 4, Cameron also dyes her hair blonde. Early in season 4, House, who was told by Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard) and Dr. Lisa Cuddy (Lisa Edelstein) that Cameron and Chase moved to Arizona, finds her in the ER after finally discovering that they were still working at the hospital. House tells her that she was an "idiot". When Cameron asks if it was either the hair or where she was working, he said where she was working, stating that her hair made her look like a hooker and that he liked it.

text: In the season 5 episode "Big Baby", Cameron temporarily moves up to Acting Dean of Medicine and Hospital Administrator, after Cuddy decides to spend more time being a mother. However, she soon quits, stating that she can never say no to House after studying under him for three years.

text: In season 6, Cameron left PPTH and divorced Chase after finding out about the events that took place in the episode The Tyrant. Her last episode as a main character was Teamwork, the 7th episode of the season. She left when she realized that House had a heavy impact on Chase and she couldn't live with it, after her failed attempt to make Chase quit the hospital as well.

text: She later appeared in the season 6 episode , Lockdown, to get Chase to sign their divorce and after having done so, the two of them ended on good terms. This was her last appearance in the show until her cameo in the series finale.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune reported that many fans were disappointed the character received less airtime in season 4.[10] David Shore and producer Katie Jacobs stated that Chase and Cameron would be getting sufficient screentime and storylines soon throughout the series when many of the show's fans complained and took action.[11]

text: Departure[edit]

text: Fox Broadcasting announced in September 2009 that Cameron would be written out of the series in the middle of season 6.[12] This was a decision on the part of the writers and producers, and not Morrison's.[citation needed]

text: Before her final episode aired on November 16, 2009, Morrison commented on the announcement of her departure, stating that it was not definite. "I don't think anyone really knows...they're always just a couple of episodes ahead, and [executive producer] David Shore has always been very true to the writing of the characters and what he believes them to be." Morrison says that Shore is currently trying to figure out the truth of where Cameron's supposed to be right now, and "if she fits into the hospital...and as far as I know, they don't know. So that's what I know," Morrison said at the Star Trek home video premiere party.[13] Cameron returned in the season 6 episode, Lockdown as well as in the series finale, Everybody Dies, as a hallucination. Cameron was also present at House's funeral, telling everyone that "somewhere... he knew how to love."