document_title: UK national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest

question_text: who represented uk in eurovision song contest 2018

text: History[edit]

text: Early days[edit]

text: The format of the show and the manner in which the winner is chosen has gone through many mutations. In its early days, there was a round of televised semi-finals, with the winner chosen by regional juries situated across the country. This format was used until 1960. During this era the show was known as the "Festival Of British Popular Songs" (1957) and "Eurovision Song Contest British Finals" (1959 & 1960). In 1961 the show became known by its more familiar title, "A Song For Europe", with regional juries once more deciding the winner. Typically, during that period, singers would be invited by the BBC to choose and perform a song that they liked from the shortlist available. Household names such as Petula Clark, Lita Roza, Anne Shelton, Frank Ifield, Ronnie Hilton and David Hughes were amongst the contenders for the UK competition, none of whom were able to secure the much cherished ticket to the Eurovision final. In the early 1960s, record companies became involved in the selection process for the first time and submitted songs by their artists. This produced hits for Craig Douglas, Karl Denver, Jackie Lee, Kenny Lynch, Vince Hill and Ricky Valance, but again, none of them were selected to go forward to the Eurovision Song Contest final itself.

text: From 1964 up until 1975, an artist would be chosen by the BBC, and that artist would sing all six songs (five in 1966 and 1967) in the selection, and the public (bar 1964 and 1971) would choose by postcard which song they would like to represent them in the contest. Regional juries selected the winner in 1964. A postal strike in 1971 prevented the ballot from taking place, so regional juries were once again constructed to pick the winner. In 1972, national power cuts meant that the broadcast of the show was blacked out in many areas, leading to a much lower postal vote. In its early days of this format, only "light entertainment" singers were used, such as Kenneth McKellar and Kathy Kirby. However, the poor showing of McKellar in Luxembourg (he placed 9th of 18 entries with scores from only 2 countries, including top marks from Ireland) prompted the BBC to use more mainstream pop stars, which led to a run of successful results for the UK. This idea was dropped due to the low number of postal votes cast in the contest of 1975, in which all six songs were performed by The Shadows, and after objections from songwriters who felt The Shadows, and the BBC's selections in general, were not the sort of artists they wanted to represent their music.

text: After 1964, the "Song For Europe" selection process was incorporated into other BBC light entertainment shows, in addition to the songs being broadcast on BBC Radio programmes. Typically, the performer would sing one song a week either on their own series or as a guest on another regular BBC TV show, more often than not, televised on Saturdays. This culminated with the performer singing all the songs one after another in a special edition of the given show. From 1968 to 1975, these performances were then immediately repeated before viewers were asked to cast their votes by mail. The following week, the winning song would be announced and performed once more, although there was a two-week wait in 1965. In 1968, Cliff Richard performed the songs only in a special edition of Cilla Black's eponymous TV series (broadcast on Tuesdays), without having sung them weekly beforehand. The various shows chosen for the "Song For Europe" performances were The Kathy Kirby Show (1965 shown on Fridays), Kenneth McKellar's A Song For Everyone (1966 shown on Thursdays), The Rolf Harris Show (1967), Cilla (1968 & 1973), Lulu (1969 & 1975), It's Cliff Richard! (1970, 1971 & 1972) and Clunk, Click... As It Happens (1974) – when in a break with the format, Olivia Newton-John performed three songs a week for two weeks rather than one a week for six weeks. Originally, Cilla Black's 1974 nine-part BBC series was also scheduled to feature the 'Song for Europe' process, but Black was uncomfortable at promoting another female singer (Newton-John) each week throughout the series' run and in a rather last minute decision, the BBC arranged to move the process to another show, necessitating the contracted process.[3]

text: This period was highly successful for the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest. Author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor notes in his book The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History, that every UK entry to the contest from 1967 to 1977 finished in the top four, with only three songs not being first or second.[4] Indeed, the UK were only 7 points short of four consecutive victories from 1967 to 1970.

text: 1970s and 1980s[edit]

text: In 1976, a new system was put into force. Twelve songs were performed by artists chosen by the songwriters themselves and the winner was chosen by regional juries across the country during a stand-alone show called "A Song For Europe". This system produced an immediate success by choosing the song which went on to be the Eurovision winner that year, "Save Your Kisses for Me" by Brotherhood of Man. The first few years of the revamped format also saw a plethora of well-known names take part in the competition. Frank Ifield, Tammy Jones, Sweet Sensation, Lyn Paul, Tony Monopoly, Carl Wayne, Hazell Dean, Tony Christie, The Foundations, Labi Siffre, Guys 'n' Dolls, The Nolan Sisters, Polly Brown and Sweet Dreams all took part in the competition, but none were successful. Likewise, the first two winners of the contest, Brotherhood of Man and Lynsey de Paul & Mike Moran, had many hits under their belts before attempting Eurovision.

text: In 1977, a strike by BBC cameramen led to the contest being blacked out on TV, although the show went ahead and the audio portion was later broadcast on BBC Radio 2. The TV programme has never been broadcast and is not listed in the BBC archives, yet it was transmitted to the various regional juries in BBC studios around the country, in order for them to cast their votes. The 1979 "A Song For Europe" final was never held at all, due to a strike by BBC sound engineers. The juries had to judge using audio recordings of the rehearsals. The songs were presented to the public on Terry Wogan's radio show the following day, after the result was known, followed later in the day with a spot on the TV magazine show Nationwide, where the top 5 were revealed and the winners, Black Lace, were interviewed as guests on the show. As a result of this industrial action, all future contests were staged at BBC studios and not as outside broadcasts from venues. The 1980 result ended in a tie between Prima Donna's "Love Enough For Two" and Maggie Moone's "Happy Everything". To resolve this, in an unrehearsed panic, host Terry Wogan called back the juries to announce their favourite of the two songs. This led to extreme confusion when the scoreboard failed to keep up and some juries contradicted the results they had given earlier. Prima Donna won, with eight juries to Maggie Moone's six. A detailed check of the votes after the show did confirm that Prima Donna were the correct winners. Prima Donna were the first winners of the competition specifically formed to take part in Eurovision. This became the norm in the 1980s and the artists taking part in the contest became more and more obscure and amateurish. However, a few notable acts did enter the contest in the 1980s, with scant success. Liquid Gold, Alvin Stardust, Sinitta and Hazell Dean all failed to come through the heats.

text: By 1981, the number of songs had dropped to eight, and interest had started to wane. Four out of eight songs in both the 1982 and 1984 events were written by Paul Curtis, who was unsurprisingly responsible for the 1984 winner; "Love Games". Following Belle & The Devotions' performance at the 1984 Eurovision contest in Luxembourg, the audience audibly booed them from the stage in an orchestrated demonstration against the song's supposed plagiarism,[5][6] and by the local audience retaliating against a particularly shocking violent attack by English soccer fans.[7] For 1985, the BBC wanted to revert to having one singer of their choice perform all the short listed songs and approached Bonnie Tyler and when she was unavailable, Lena Zavaroni for the task. However, the Music Publisher's Association blocked the move, wanting their members the choice of their own singers to represent their music. A compromise was reached and only solo artists or duets – no "made for Eurovision" acts – were permitted to take part in the 1985 UK selection process and limited two entries per songwriter. Despite this rule, both songs submitted by Paul Curtis reached the final eight. They reverted to allowing all-comers for 1986. Starting in 1985, the songs were also 'previewed' on Terry Wogan's prime time chat show on BBC1 ahead of the final. When the series ended in 1992, the songs were presented in 1993 & 1994 in stand-alone programmes, hosted by Terry.

text: The number of entries briefly increased to ten in 1987 when record companies were invited to submit songs, but after a poor result from Rikki in the Eurovision final of 1987, the regional juries were disbanded, and the final decision given to the public through telephone voting, with a celebrity panel offering comments on the entries intended to guide viewers. This proved to be a relative success, accruing two second places and a sixth place (Zagreb, 1990). However, a disappointing 10th place in Rome obtained by Samantha Janus led the BBC to rethink the standard of performers in the competition.

text: As a result of the disappointing results in 1990 & 1991, the system that was used between 1964 and 1975 was resurrected, with the BBC's head of light entertainment, Jim Moir choosing one artist to perform all the songs in the UK final. Michael Ball was the first in 1992, and went on to win second place. Sonia was also second the following year. However, after a suggestion by Don Black to the BBC's new head of light entertainment David Liddiment in 1994, Tony Award winning stage star Frances Ruffelle was offered the job of representing the UK. A virtually unknown singer, unsurprisingly, interest was low. Her final position in the Eurovision Song Contest held in Dublin was a disappointing tenth, the same achieved by Samantha Janus in 1991.

text: A dramatic modernisation was introduced in 1995 in an attempt to boost the profile of the contest. Pop supremo Jonathan King was drafted in as Executive Producer to make the event more modern. The 1995 event had a diverse range of songs and some relatively well-known acts performing, such as Londonbeat who had a hit with I've Been Thinking About You, pop-combo Deuce and Sox, which featured singer and former Page 3 icon Samantha Fox. All songs were presented on a special edition of Top Of The Pops prior to the live final. On the night, the well-known artists were all beaten by rap act Love City Groove, whose eponymous song could only manage a disappointing tenth in Dublin that year. On a positive note, the songs by Love City Groove and Deuce (I Need You) made the top 10 in the UK singles charts, reaching #7 and #10 respectively, while three other entries – Dear Jon "One Gift of Love" at (#68), Londonbeat "I'm Just Your Puppet On A... (String!) at (#55) and Sox "Go For The Heart" at (#47) – all reached the UK top 100.

text: In 1996, a semi-final was introduced. All eight songs were performed on Top of the Pops on 1 March, and the public voted to decide the four finalists. The results were announced the following day, but there was no information given on who finished where. On 8 March the final was held, with Gina G winning very easily with her dance number Ooh Aah... Just A Little Bit. The song became an instant hit in the charts, reaching Number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was the first UK non-winner to do so since 1968 but it was not as successful in the Eurovision Contest itself. In Oslo, Gina could only manage eighth place, but was perhaps consoled by her Europe-wide hit with the song, which also became one of the few Eurovision songs, and one of the relatively few dance songs, to be a major hit in the United States where it peaked at #12 on the Billboard Hot 100, was #1 on their Dance Chart and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording.

text: Jonathan King resigned, certain that, if Gina G couldn't win, nothing he selected could, but the BBC persuaded him to stay in charge and he decided to retain the same formula again, but with an added twist. All eight contestants would be heard on Ken Bruce's radio show on BBC Radio 2, with a public vote to decide the four finalists. The four would perform on The National Lottery Show until 1998, and then on Top of the Pops in 1999. The final itself would just consist of repeats of the performances made in the above shows, in a special programme on a Sunday afternoon. Jonathan persuaded his friends Katrina and Kimberley Rew, who had hit with Walking On Sunshine, to enter a new track, Love Shine A Light. This produced a win in the Eurovision Contest itself for the United Kingdom and for Katrina and the Waves in 1997, and followed with a second place for Imaani in 1998, but disappointment in 1999 for the all-girl band Precious.

text: In 2000, the same format continued, but the final four songs were performed live in A Song For Europe, still shunted to a graveyard Sunday afternoon slot. The result proved disappointing. Nicki French gave what author John Kennedy O'Connor describes in his book The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History as a far from strong performance, despite her previous chart success and attained the UK's worst ever placing at the time, a mere 16th in Stockholm with "Don't Play That Song Again".[4] This format continued the following year, and another poor showing for the UK. Lindsay D only got one place higher in Copenhagen. The entries from Six Chix in 2000 and Luke Galliana, the latter of which didn't make the 2001 final, became minor hits, with Galliana just failing to make the Top 40, but becoming a popular hit on cable request line music channel The Box.

text: The 2002 A Song For Europe generated a lot of publicity, because three of the four acts that made the final were relatively well known to TV viewers, albeit not necessarily for their singing ability. Surf 'n' Turf included Jonathan Maitland who is a TV presenter of consumer advice shows such as Watchdog and House of Horrors. Tricia Penrose is an actress who plays Gina in the 60s retro drama Heartbeat on ITV, and Jessica Garlick had made the final stages of another ITV show Pop Idol. The standard of songs was stronger than previous years, and Jessica Garlick had a runaway victory of nearly 70,000 votes with her ballad "Come Back". The song was also a success in Eurovision with it finishing joint third with host country Estonia.

text: 2003 saw terrible disappointment. The new voting system of regional televoting, where 9, 10 and 12 points were awarded to the top three songs, led to an unsuccessful winner. Jemini's "Cry Baby" won by four points over "Help Me" by Emily Reed. Confidence in the UK entry was low for both fans and the public, and in the actual contest held in Riga, Jemini picked up the UK's worst-ever showing, scoring "nul points" and finishing last, due to a very poor performance, although some reports attempted to blame European disapproval of the US-UK invasion of Iraq for the failure of any nation to give the UK even one point. As noted by author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor, with 26 entries in the Eurovision field, this made "Cry Baby" the least successful song in the entire history of the contest.[4] No song in the Eurovision final scored "nul points" again until 2015.

text: The 2004 selection was totally different. Gone was the Song For Europe name, replaced with Making Your Mind Up. The radio semi-final was also gone, and the six songs were performed live in a Saturday night show. This raised the profile of the competition, although there was criticism of the fact that four of the six acts were from reality TV shows. The winner, chosen by 70% regional televoting (regions awarding 0,2,4,6,8 and 12 points) and 30% SMS and Interactive voting, was James Fox, who had finished fifth in the second series of Fame Academy, with a gentle ballad "Hold On To Our Love", written by Gary Miller and Tim Woodcock. Viewing figures were peaked at over 7 million for the results show. The song finished 16th at the contest in Istanbul.

text: For 2005, six songs dropped to five, and the show was moved to an early Saturday evening slot on 5 March, to avoid a clash with Comic Relief Does Fame Academy; and Natasha Kaplinsky replaced Gaby Roslin as co-host with Sir Terry Wogan. The press focused on two performers. Javine Hylton who is a relatively well-known urban singer, and Katie Price, aka Jordan, a famous glamour model. The other contestants included former 3SL bandmember Andy Scott-Lee, the 1996 British Eurovision entry Gina G and unknown opera trio Tricolore. The voting itself was the same format as the previous year, but this time an online jury was added to decide between the contestants to take account of the views of those watching in the rest of Europe. After an exciting voting sequence, Javine came out on top with her ethno-urban song "Touch My Fire", although she also caused some controversy when she briefly fell out of her top during an energetic dance routine. At the 50th Eurovision Song Contest held in Kiev, Javine finished 22nd out of 24 participants in the final, the UK's second poorest finish ever.

text: In February 2006 it was announced that artists competing in the 2006 contest would include Kym Marsh and Anthony Costa, both relatively well known in the UK for their past involvement with music bands (the former appearing in Hear'say and the latter in boy band Blue). Following the format of the previous year (and with six songs this time), Making Your Mind Up returned in 2006 in a prime-time Saturday evening slot, and was broadcast on 4 March on BBC One. Terry Wogan and Natasha Kaplinsky once again presented and were accompanied by a 'Celebrity Jury' that included chat-show host Jonathan Ross, pop star Kelly Osbourne and Top of the Pops presenter Fearne Cotton. The eventual winner of the 2006 contest (after the 7 tele-juries from around the UK and mobile and web votes) was Daz Sampson and his song "Teenage Life". Yet another low result was produced for the United Kingdom, as Daz finished 19th in the contest out of 24 competing countries.

text: During a press conference on 28 February 2007, the BBC confirmed that the artists taking part in Making Your Mind Up would include Big Brovaz, an RnB group who had 4 UK Top 10 singles in 2002–2003, Brian Harvey, a former member of the boy band East 17; Cyndi; Justin Hawkins of The Darkness, performing a duet with Beverlei Brown; Liz McClarnon, formerly of girl group Atomic Kitten; and Scooch, the eventual winners with "Flying the Flag (for You)". Scooch sang their entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 on 12 May 2007 in Helsinki, Finland and finished in second-to-last place with 19 points, ahead of Ireland who placed last.

text: For the first time, the show was filmed at The Maidstone Studios in Kent. The hour long final was broadcast at 7:30pm on 17 March 2007 on BBC One, with the half hour results show showing at 9:30pm on the same date. Although this was past the 12 March cut-off set by the EBU, the BBC were given a special extension because the EBU were made aware of this over a year in advance.[8]

text: The show ended in disarray when Fearne Cotton shouted out that the winner was Scooch, while co-host Terry Wogan simultaneously announced the winner to be Cyndi. After some confusion from both performers, each thinking the other had won, it was revealed that the true winner was Scooch.

text: In 2008 the show's name was changed to Eurovision: Your Decision. It was screened in two parts in March 2008, and was hosted by Claudia Winkleman and Sir Terry Wogan. The six competing acts were paired as girl groups (LoveShy and The Revelations), soloists (Michelle Gayle and Andy Abraham), and "Joseph and Maria" contestants (Rob McVeigh and Simona Armstrong) from the BBC talent shows Any Dream Will Do and How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria?. A panel of three judges (John Barrowman, Carrie Grant, and Terry Wogan) decided which artists to put through to a semi-final after each pair had performed. Terry Wogan then allowed one of the rejected acts through as a "wild card" before viewers were invited to vote by phone to decide which two would perform again in the final. The two finalists chosen by the viewers were Michelle Gayle singing "Woo (You Make Me)", and Andy Abraham singing "Even If". Despite having been originally eliminated at the first stage, Terry Wogan's "wild card" pick turned out to be the winner when the viewers voted Andy Abraham the victor with "Even If". This received a total of 14 points in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 on 24 May 2008 in Belgrade, finishing in last place, although sharing the same score with Poland (24th) and Germany (23rd).

text: The BBC announced in a televised call for talent on 18 October 2008, that in 2009 there would be another change to the national final. The show was renamed Eurovision: Your Country Needs You, hosted by Graham Norton, and followed a format similar to popular BBC talent shows I'd Do Anything and Any Dream Will Do. The multi-week format had members of the public (amateur or professional) compete to represent the UK at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, which was to be held in Moscow, Russia. In the final the three remaining contestants performed the song "It's My Time",[9] composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Diane Warren.[10] The winner of the contest was Jade Ewen who went on to score a credible fifth place at the Eurovision final in Moscow.

text: For 2010, the BBC announced on 29 January 2010, that songwriter and music producer Pete Waterman would be writing the UK's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo, Norway, on 29 May.[11] Waterman's writing partner was Mike Stock and the singer was chosen on 12 March, in a live show featuring six potential artists broadcast on BBC One, hosted by Graham Norton.[12][13] Waterman chose three of the six acts to perform his song "That Sounds Good To Me", with the televiewers then selecting the winner. The winner was Josh Dubovie, who represented the UK in Oslo on 29 May and finished last with 10 points. The 2010 song was heavily criticised by fans and the media. Celebrity gossip blogger Christopher Couture went as far as to say "...last year, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jade Ewen proved a good song and a good singer can get us a good score. This year, we're back to the bottom of the leaderboard as Pete 'stuck in the 80's' Waterman offers a song that even Butlins would call tacky."

text: On 29 January 2011, the BBC confirmed that boy band Blue had been chosen to represent the UK in the 2011 contest in Düsseldorf with the composition "I Can"[14] written by Duncan James, Lee Ryan, Ciaron Bell, Ben Collier, Ian Hope, Liam Keenan and 'StarSign'.[15] Band member Anthony Costa had tried to represent the UK in 2006 as a soloist, placing second in the heat behind Daz Sampson. Other Blue personnel Lee Ryan had written one of the finalists in the 2005 UK heat and Duncan James was a panellist in the 2009 heat, going on to announce the UK scores at the Eurovision final from Moscow. James posted in a separate Twitter message that they have pre-selected their own song. The process thus excludes the UK viewing public from any participation in the British Eurovision selection for the first time.[16] Blue became the first UK representatives since The Shadows in 1975 to have had multiple No.1 singles in the UK chart prior to appearing in Eurovision,[17] and the first since Sonia in 1993 to have had a chart-topper at all.[18] A documentary entitled Eurovision: Your Country Needs Blue was produced for BBC One broadcast on Saturday 16 April 2011. The group placed 11th at the Eurovision final with 100 points and peaked at no.16 in the UK singles chart.

text: For 2012, Engelbert Humperdinck was selected internally by the BBC to represent the UK in Baku, Azerbaijan with the song "Love Will Set You Free". The song is written by Grammy award-winning producer Martin Terefe and Ivor Novello winner Sacha Skarbek, who co-wrote James Blunt hit "You're Beautiful". It was reportedly recorded in London, Los Angeles and Nashville.[19] At 76 years of age, Humperdinck was the oldest artist ever to appear for the UK at the Eurovision Song Contest and the first UK artist since 1976 to sing first. He placed second-to-last, only beating Norway.

text: Another internal selection took place for 2013, with Bonnie Tyler being chosen by the BBC to represent the UK in Malmö, Sweden.[20] She came a lowly 19th in the Eurovision contest.

text: A fourth internal selection followed in 2014, with Molly Smitten-Downes, under her artist name of Molly, being chosen to represent the UK with the song "Children of the Universe", written and composed by Smitten-Downes herself. However, Smitten-Downes was an unknown artist who was chosen through the BBC Introducing scheme.[21] The announcement of the selected artist and song was revealed on 3 March 2014 in a show entitled The UK Launch, and broadcast via the BBC Red Button service. The song finished in 17th place at the Eurovision Song Contest.

text: A fifth internal selection in 2015 selected the unknown act 'Electro Velvet' who went on to represent the UK with the song "Still in Love with You". The song was met with a mixed to negative reaction by the media and public.[22] The artists and song were presented to the public in a special presentation show titled Our Song for Eurovision 2015 broadcast via the BBC Red Button service in March 2015. In the final the UK could only manage 24th place out of the 27 entries.

text: The BBC announced on 30 September 2015 that the national public vote format would be returning for the 2016 contest.[1] The 2016 competition consisted of six entrants, performed and broadcast live on BBC Four from The O2 Forum in Kentish Town, London on 26 February and hosted by Mel Giedroyc. The six acts were selected by the UK branch of the international OGAE fan club, the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) and Hugh Goldsmith, former MD of RCA Records and founder of Innocent Records.[23] The six competing songs were premiered during The Ken Bruce Show on BBC Radio 2 on 22 February 2016.[24] "You're Not Alone" performed by Joe and Jake won the national final; 746,000 viewers watched the show either live or within 7 days of its broadcast, making it the third highest rating program for BBC Four in the week ending 28 February 2016.[25] The duo placed 24th out of 26 entries at the Eurovision final in Stockholm, peaking at No.81 in the UK singles chart.[26]

text: On 6 October 2016, the BBC announced that the You Decide show would return in 2017 with more details to be announced later in the year.[27] On 9 December 2016, it was confirmed that Eurovision: You Decide would return on 27 January 2017. The 2017 competition consisted of six entrants, performed and broadcast live on BBC Two from the Eventim Apollo, in Hammersmith, London. The songs were revealed on 23 January during The Ken Bruce Show on BBC Radio 2.[2] Six acts competed in the national final. The winner was selected through a public vote and, for the first time, the votes of a professional jury panel. Lucie Jones with the song "Never Give Up on You", written by Lawrie Martin, The Treatment and Danish Eurovision 2013 winner Emmelie de Forest, won the show. At the contest in Kiev, Jones finished in 15th place, having placed 10th on jury votes alone, but attaining a weak score from public voting.

text: On 29 September 2017, it was confirmed that Eurovision: You Decide would return in 2018 on BBC Two.[28] On 16 November 2017, Måns Zelmerlöw was announced as co-host for the UK national selection, which took place on 7 February 2018 at the Brighton Dome. The Dome was the venue for the Eurovision Song Contest 1974.[29] The contest was won by SuRie performing "Storm" written and composed by Nicole Blair, Gil Lewis and Sean Hargreaves.[30] The national final was watched by 900,000 viewers in the United Kingdom with a market share of 4.8% and thus failed to register in the Top 30 programmes viewed on BBC Two for the week.[31]

text: Contestants[edit]

text: Winners[edit]

text: Festival Of British Popular Songs (1957)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

1957
Patricia Bredin
"All"
Not recorded or released
7th

text: Eurovision Song Contest British Final (1959–1960)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

1959
Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson
"Sing, Little Birdie"
12
2nd

1960
Bryan Johnson
"Looking High, High, High"
20
2nd

text: A Song for Europe (1961–1995)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

1961
The Allisons
"Are You Sure?"
2
2nd

1962
Ronnie Carroll
"Ring-A-Ding Girl"
46
4th

1963
Ronnie Carroll
"Say Wonderful Things"
6
4th

1964
Matt Monro
"I Love the Little Things"
Failed to chart1
2nd

1965
Kathy Kirby
"I Belong"
36
2nd

1966
Kenneth McKellar
"A Man Without Love"
30
9th

1967
Sandie Shaw
"Puppet on a String"
1
1st

1968
Cliff Richard
"Congratulations"
1
2nd

1969
Lulu
"Boom Bang-a-Bang"
2
1st

1970
Mary Hopkin
"Knock Knock, Who's There?"
2
2nd

1971
Clodagh Rodgers
"Jack in the Box"
4
4th

1972
The New Seekers
"Beg, Steal or Borrow"
2
2nd

1973
Cliff Richard
"Power to All Our Friends"
4
3rd

1974
Olivia Newton-John
"Long Live Love"
11
4th

1975
The Shadows
"Let Me Be the One"
12
2nd

1976
Brotherhood of Man
"Save Your Kisses for Me"
1
1st

1977
Lynsey de Paul & Mike Moran
"Rock Bottom"
19
2nd

1978
Co-Co
"The Bad Old Days"
13
11th

1979
Black Lace
"Mary Ann"
42
7th

1980
Prima Donna
"Love Enough for Two"
48
3rd

1981
Bucks Fizz
"Making Your Mind Up"
1
1st

1982
Bardo
"One Step Further"
2
7th

1983
Sweet Dreams
"I'm Never Giving Up"
21
6th

1984
Belle and the Devotions
"Love Games"
11
7th

1985
Vikki
"Love Is"
49
4th

1986
Ryder
"Runner in the Night"
982
7th

1987
Rikki
"Only the Light"
962
13th

1988
Scott Fitzgerald
"Go"
52
2nd

1989
Live Report
"Why Do I Always Get it Wrong?"
73
2nd

1990
Emma
"Give a Little Love Back to the World"
33
6th

1991
Samantha Janus
"A Message to Your Heart"
30
10th

1992
Michael Ball
"One Step Out of Time"
20
2nd

1993
Sonia
"Better the Devil You Know"
15
2nd

1994
Frances Ruffelle
"We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)"
25
10th

1995
Love City Groove
"Love City Groove"
7
10th

text: Although "I Love The Little Things" failed to reach the official top 50 singles chart in 1964, the EP release containing the track and the other UK finalists reached #16 in the official EP charts.

text: Both "Runner In the Night" and "Only The Light" reached the lower end of the top 100 of the singles chart reserved for new releases that were 'bubbling under' the official Top 75, but failed to register in the official top 75 itself.

text: The Great British Song Contest (1996–1999)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

1996
Gina G
"Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit"
1
8th

1997
Katrina and the Waves
"Love Shine a Light"
3
1st

1998
Imaani
"Where Are You?"
15
2nd

1999
Precious
"Say It Again"
6
12th

text: A Song for Europe (2000–2003)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2000
Nicki French
"Don't Play That Song Again"
34
16th

2001
Lindsay D
"No Dream Impossible"
32
15th

2002
Jessica Garlick
"Come Back"
13
3rd

2003
Jemini
"Cry Baby"
15
26th (0)

text: Eurovision: Making Your Mind Up (2004–2007)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2004
James Fox
"Hold On to Our Love"
13
16th

2005
Javine
"Touch My Fire"
18
22nd

2006
Daz Sampson
"Teenage Life"
8
19th

2007
Scooch
"Flying the Flag (for You)"
5
22nd

text: Eurovision: Your Decision (2008)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2008
Andy Abraham
"Even If"
67
25th

text: Eurovision: Your Country Needs You (2009–2010)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2009
Jade Ewen
"It's My Time"
27
5th

2010
Josh Dubovie
"That Sounds Good to Me"[32]
Failed to chart
25th

text: Internal selection (2011–2015)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2011
Blue
"I Can"[14]
16
11th

2012
Engelbert Humperdinck
"Love Will Set You Free"
60
25th

2013
Bonnie Tyler
"Believe in Me"
93
19th

2014
Molly
"Children of the Universe"
23
17th

2015
Electro Velvet
"Still in Love with You"
Failed to chart3
24th

text: The track was listed as having reached no.63 in the download only singles chart, but failed to register in the official top 100 singles chart.

text: Eurovision: You Decide (2016–present)[edit]

text:
Year
Artist
Song
UK Chart
At Eurovision

2016
Joe and Jake
"You're Not Alone"
81
24th

2017
Lucie Jones
"Never Give Up on You"
73
15th

2018
SuRie
"Storm"
50
24th

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: From 1964–1975, the Song For Europe programme was pre-recorded, often several weeks in advance.[33] The result was typically broadcast one week after each Song For Europe programme. From 1988–1991, in 1995, and again from 2004–2008 the result was broadcast in a separate programme, shown later the same night as the performances.

text: From 1992–1994 the programme was again pre-recorded, but the result show was live and broadcast the same night. In 1997 and 1998, the results were announced the next Saturday after the final and on the following Friday in 1999.

text: From 1957–1960, there were various televised semi-finals ahead of the UK final. This was reintroduced in 1996, with a preliminary round of voting to eliminate 4 of the 8 songs. This was televised in 1996 but switched to radio from 1997 to 2003.

text: Host(s) and venue[edit]

text:
Year(s)
Selection show
Venue
National final main host
National final co-host
Semi final/heat host

1956
UK did not participate

1957
Festival Of British Popular Songs
The King's Theatre Hammersmith
David Jacobs
No co-host
David Jacobs

1958
UK did not participate

1959
Eurovision Song Contest British Final
BBC Television Theatre
Pete Murray
No co-host
Pete Murray

1960
David Jacobs
David Jacobs

1961
A Song For Europe
Katie Boyle
No semi final/heat

1962
David Jacobs

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967
Rolf Harris

1968
Cilla Black

1969
Michael Aspel

1970
Cliff Richard

1971

1972

1973
Cilla Black

1974
Jimmy Savile

1975
Lulu

1976
Royal Albert Hall
Michael Aspel

1977 1
New London Theatre
Terry Wogan

1978
Royal Albert Hall

1979 2

1980
BBC Television Theatre

1981

1982
BBC Television Centre

1983
BBC Television Theatre

1984
BBC Television Centre

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
The Great British Song Contest
Nicky Campbell

1997
Dale Winton
Ken Bruce & Terry Wogan

1998
Terry Wogan
Ulrika Jonsson

1999
Ulrika Jonsson
No co-host

2000
A Song For Europe
Elstree Studios
Katy Hill

2001

2002
Christopher Price
Claire Sweeney

2003
BBC Television Centre
Terry Wogan
No co-host

2004
Eurovision: Making Your Mind Up
Gaby Roslin
No semi-final/heat

2005
Natasha Kaplinsky

2006

2007
The Maidstone Studios
Fearne Cotton

2008
Eurovision: Your Decision
BBC Television Centre
Claudia Winkleman

2009
Eurovision: Your Country Needs You
Graham Norton
No co-host
Graham Norton

2010
No semi-final/heat

2011
Internal selection

2012

2013

2014
The UK Launch
(presentation)
One MayFair
Scott Mills
(presentation show)
No co-host
Internal selection

2015
Our Song for Eurovision 2015
(presentation)
Café de Paris

2016
Eurovision: You Decide
The O2 Forum
Mel Giedroyc
No semi-final/heat

2017
Eventim Apollo, Hammersmith

2018
Brighton Dome
Måns Zelmerlöw

text:
1 Show not transmitted on TV due to industrial action
2 Show abandoned due to industrial action

text: Guest commentators, panellists & judges[edit]

text: Featured in 1988–1990, 1994–1995, 2004–2010 and since 2016.

text:
Year
Commentators, panellists & judges

1988
Gloria Hunniford, George Martin, Bruce Welch, Mike Batt

1989
Deke Arlon, Gary Davies, Leslie Bricusse, Lulu

1990
Cathy McGowan, Gloria Hunniford, Carl Davis, Tim Rice

1994
Richard O'Brien, Jonathan King

1995
Jonathan King, Mike Read, Cheryl Baker, Tony Mortimer, Ian Dury, Let Loose, Bruno Brookes & Scarlet.

2004
Lorraine Kelly, Harry Hill, Carrie Grant

2005
Jonathan Ross, Bruno Tonioli, Paddy O'Connell, Natalie Cassidy

2006
Jonathan Ross, Bruno Tonioli, Fearne Cotton, Kelly Osbourne

2007
John Barrowman, Mel Giedroyc

2008
John Barrowman1, Carrie Grant1, Terry Wogan2

2009
Lulu, Arlene Phillips, Andrew Lloyd Webber2, Diane Warren, Duncan James, Emma Bunton, Alesha Dixon

2010
Bruno Tonioli, Jade Ewen, Pete Waterman1, Mike Stock

2016
Carrie Grant, Katrina Leskanich, Jay Revell (panellists)

2017
Bruno Tonioli, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, CeCe Sammy (panellists & judges)

2018
Rylan, Rochelle Humes, Tom Fletcher (panellists)
Caroline Sullivan, Roisin O'Connor, Steve Tandy, Sara Sesardic, Alastair Webber, Marco Sensi, David Grant, Kele Le Roc (judges)

text:
1 Acted as "judges" to eliminate contestants in preliminary rounds
2 Acted as "judges" to 'save' contestants from elimination

text: Regional vote announcers[edit]

text:
1978

Region
Announcer

Aberdeen
Gerry Davis

Norwich
Chris Denham

Manchester
Mike Riddoch

Bangor
Gwyn Llewelyn

Southampton
Peter Macann

Leeds
Brian Baines

Belfast
Michael Bagerley

Bristol
Derek Jones

Glasgow
Ken Bruce

Birmingham
Tom Coyne

London
Ray Moore

Cardiff
Frank Lincoln

Newcastle
Mike Neville

Plymouth
Donald Hayway

1980

Region
Announcer

Aberdeen
Gerry Davis

Newcastle
Mike Neville

Plymouth
Donald Hayway

Leeds
Brian Baines

Southampton
Peter Macann

Bangor
Alan Evans

London
Colin Berry

Cardiff
Euan Thomas

Birmingham
David Stevens

Glasgow
Douglas Brock

Belfast
Mike Bagerley

Bristol
Derek Jones

Norwich
Jill Hewitt

Manchester
John Mundy

1981

Region
Announcer

Birmingham
David Stevens

Cardiff
Euan Thomas

Manchester
John Mundy

Belfast
Peter Dickson

Edinburgh
Jim O'Hara

London
Ray Moore

Bristol
Andy Batten-Foster

1983

Region
Announcer

Cardiff
Euan Thomas

Belfast
David Oliver

Norwich
Ian Masters

Glasgow
Ken Bruce

Bristol
Andy Batten-Foster

Birmingham
Marjorie Lofthouse

Manchester
John Mundy

London
Colin Berry

2003

Region
Announcer

South
Esther Rantzen

Wales
Jessica Garlick

Northern Ireland
Joe Mace

Midlands
Mel and Sue

North England
Matt Baker

Scotland
Nicholas Parsons

2004

Region
Announcer(s)

South East
Fearne Cotton

Scotland
Colin McAllister and Justin Ryan

Northern Ireland
Malachi Cush

Wales
Colin Jackson

North
Sonia

Midlands
Hayley Evetts

South West
Sharron Davies

2005

Region
Announcer(s)

Northern Ireland
Zöe Salmon

North
Stuart Hall

Scotland
Colin McAllister and Justin Ryan

Wales
James Fox

South West
Sharron Davies

Midlands
Denise Lewis

South East
Fearne Cotton

2006

Region
Announcer(s)

Scotland
Michelle McManus

Wales
Maggot

Northern Ireland
Roy Walker

North
Kelli Young

Midlands
Rustie Lee

London
Alistair Appleton

South West
Simon Grant

text: Viewing figures[edit]

text:
Year
Nominal
Share
Channel

2008
5,000,300[34]
24%[35]
BBC One

2009
5,610,000[34]
25%[36]

2010
2,920,000[37]
12.5%

Internal selections from 2011 to 2015

2016
680,000[38]
3.2%[38]
BBC Four[39]

2017
1,260,000[38]
6.6%
BBC Two[39][40]

2018
900,000[31]
4.8%[31]


document_title: Ejection (sports)

question_text: where do nba players go when they get ejected

root

text: Ejection (sports)

text: Conditions for ejection by sport[edit]

text: Basketball[edit]

text: In NBA and most other basketball games, a player or coach is ejected from the game if he accumulates two technical fouls of an unsportsmanlike nature over the course of the game. Participants who commit fouls of violence or enter the stands are ejected summarily regardless of the number of technical fouls accumulated. Ejected players/coaches must leave the court area for the remainder of play, and must do so immediately, or else risk even heavier fines/suspensions. In the NBA, an ejection will result in, at minimum, a $1,000 fine; an ejection for leaving the bench during a fight carries at least a one-game suspension as well. In domestic games, refusing to leave after being ejected can result in a player being put on report. If being put on report does not provide enough encouragement for a player to leave the court, the official may award the game to the opposing team, regardless of score. Players who incur 16 technical fouls in a single NBA season are automatically suspended for one game; an additional suspension is imposed for each increment of two thereafter. Should a player receive the 16th technical foul in the last regular-season game, he will be suspended for the first game in the next season, unless if his team is in the playoffs, when he will be suspended for the first playoff game. In the playoffs, players are suspended if they receive seven technical fouls.

tag: p

text: A significant rule change was made in 1981 whereby the NBA eliminated the ejection of a coach for three technical fouls caused by an illegal defense. Also, in the NBA ejections and suspensions are not permissible if a technical foul is caused by an excessive timeout, delay of game, accidental departure from the coach's box, the destruction of a backboard caused by a play (such as a dunk), defensive hanging on any part of the basket unit to successfully touch a ball (Rule 12), or any remaining in the game after six fouls when a team is out of players because of fouls, injuries, and ejections under Rule 3, Section I, paragraph b. These technical fouls are referenced as "Non-Unsportsmanlike Conduct Technical Fouls". The NBA all-time leader in disqualifications is Vern Mikkelsen, who was disqualified 127 times in 631 games.

text: In FIBA sanctioned games, a player is ejected for two technicals (since October 1, 2014), unsportsmanlike fouls or one disqualifying foul. Technical fouls in FIBA include swinging of elbows without contact and flopping, which are not fouls in the NBA. A coach can be ejected upon having incurred two coach technical fouls, or a combination of three bench and coach technical fouls. There is no separation regarding a "non-unsportsmanlike conduct technical foul," as in the NBA, so two delay of game violations result in an ejection.

text: In NFHS contests, ejected players must remain on the team bench, so that they may continue to be supervised by a coach or other adult team representative. If an adult team representative other than the head coach, such as an adult assistant coach, can provide supervision from the court and to the locker room for the duration of the contest, the player may leave the visual confines of the playing area with this representative.

text: In NCAA contests, ejected players are dismissed to the locker room; no adult supervision is required as NCAA players are assumed to be legally of adult age.

text: Basketball also features disqualification, also known as fouling out. A player who commits a certain number of personal fouls in a game (5 or 6 in most leagues), is removed from the game and is said to have "fouled out". Unlike ejection, disqualification is not considered a punitive action but rather a natural consequence of a very physical sport with many instances of contact. Disqualified players are permitted to remain on the bench with the team (instead of being sent to the locker room, as with an ejected player) and are not subject to any further penalties (such as fines or suspensions); they can resume play in their next game. In the NBA, a technical foul (which does not count towards suspension or ejection) is also assessed for re-entering a game after fouling out of a game in emergency situations listed in Rule 3, Section I when a team is reduced to five players. Once that occurs, a technical foul is charged if a player remains in the game after his sixth or subsequent foul, or as the last player to foul out, re-enters the game in case of injury to an eligible player that must be removed.

text: Baseball[edit]

text: In baseball, each umpire has a considerable amount of discretion, and may eject any player, coach, or manager solely on his own judgment of unsportsmanlike conduct.[1] The ejectable offense may be an excessively heated or offensive argument with an umpire, offensive interference (contact with the catcher on a play at the plate), malicious game play (especially pitchers attempting to intentionally strike batters with the ball or a manager or coach ordering a pitcher to do so),[2] illegally applying a foreign substance to a bat or otherwise tampering with a ball (most famously, George Brett's Pine Tar Game),[3] using a corked bat,[4] charging the mound, or otherwise fighting. Between players and umpires, there is a common understanding that a certain level of argument is permitted, but players who too vigorously question an umpire's judgment of balls and strikes,[5] or argue a balk, may risk an ejection.

text: Persons other than players, coaches and managers, such as spectators, ballpark staff, or members of the media, may be ejected at an umpire's discretion.[6] Depending on the circumstances, spectators who are ejected may also face arrest and prosecution. Bat boys and ball boys may be ejected for not wearing proper safety equipment.[7]

text: In some cases, an ejection is followed by a fine or a suspension by the league if the player, or manager or coach, reacts in a very hostile manner towards the umpire. Also, any ejection for malicious game play will normally result in a suspension. Some managers will engage in arguments with umpires specifically to provoke an ejection, in hopes of inspiring a rally from their team. Former Atlanta Braves manager Bobby Cox holds the MLB record for most ejections with 161 while Hall of Fame umpire Bill Klem holds the record for most ejections by an umpire with 251.[8] Baseball has a rich vocabulary for describing ejections: a player or coach may also be "run", "thrown out", "banned", "given the ol' heave-ho", "sent to the clubhouse", "hit the showers", "tossed", "kicked out", "dumped", "sent off", "pitched", "bounced out", "canned", "chucked", or "booted".

text: American football[edit]

text: Any player or team official who commits a personal foul (i.e. striking, kicking, kneeing) against another player or team official, commits an act of unnecessary roughness against another player or team official, commits an act of unsportsmanlike conduct, or commits a palpably unfair act is liable to be disqualified from further participation if the act is found to be flagrant. Any player or team official who fights with another player or team official, leaves the bench to take part in a fight, intentionally makes contact with or assaults a game official, or uses any item of equipment as a weapon is automatically disqualified.

text: Compared to other American sports (perhaps with the exception of basketball), ejections in American football are relatively uncommon considering the physical nature of the sport. If a player or team official is disqualified, his/her team is assessed a 15-yard penalty, but if a player or team official is disqualified for a palpably unfair act, the distance or score penalty will be determined by the referee after consultation with the other officials.[9]

text: The National Football League (NFL) made an experimental rule change on March 23, 2016 for the following season stating that two unsportsmanlike conduct penalties on a player would result in an automatic ejection from the game.[10] Some coaches have expressed concern that this could result in a player with one such penalty being goaded by the opposing team into a second penalty to get them removed from the game.[11]

text: In high school football, a player or team official is automatically disqualified if he/she receives two unsportsmanlike conduct penalties in the same game. In college football, a player is automatically disqualified if he/she is determined to have led with the crown of his/her helmet, or targeted a defenseless player in his/her head or neck area. In addition, if said infraction is committed in the second half of a game, the player is suspended for the first half of the following game.

text: Association football[edit]

text: In association football, a player is dismissed from the field of play by the referee showing him/her a red card if (s)he commits a dismissible offence or has committed a second cautionable (yellow card) offence having already received a yellow card in the same game. The act of ejection is referred to in the sport as "sending off".

text: A difference between being dismissed in association football and the above-mentioned sports is that in association football, a player may not be replaced, forcing his/her team to play a man down for the remainder of the match. Additionally, a dismissal in any professional league results in an automatic suspension of at least one match.

text: It is also possible for the manager or other team official to be "sent off", which requires him/her to leave his/her dugout and sit in the stands away from the touch line. This usually requires another member of the coaching staff to make decisions for the team, such as substitutes and formation. Also, depending upon the rules of the association presiding over the game, the manager or team official may not be allowed on the bench or to communicate with assistants for at least his/her team's next game.

text: If the same team has 5 players who have been "sent off", the match is then "abandoned", that is, the game no longer continues. The officals then file a game report with the appropriate league or association. The league or associatation then decides if a forefit will be assessed and what the final score is recorded as.

text: According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the most red cards administered in one game is 20, for a match between Paraguayan teams Sportivo Ameliano and General Caballero that broke down into a generalized brawl and was subsequently abandoned.[12]

text: Rugby football[edit]

text: In all codes of rugby, a player may be temporarily suspended for a period of the match. In rugby union and rugby league, the standard suspension period is 10 minutes (out of an 80-minute game). This is generally referred to as a 'yellow card' as players are generally shown one in a manner similar to association football. Suspended players are said to be sent to the sin bin and is signalled by the referee showing two outstretched hands to the offender (rugby league) or by a yellow card (rugby union). In the Northern Hemisphere it is not uncommon for referees to use both red and yellow cards in rugby league, similar to rugby union.

text: In rugby union sevens, which normally lasts 14 minutes (20 in finals), the suspension period is 2 minutes. While eight minutes shorter than in fifteens, suspensions are more severe in sevens as one seventh of the team is out for one seventh of the match; this opens up more space than losing one fifteenth of the team for one eighth of the match.

text: Temporary suspensions are usually given for repeated infringements (by either the same player or team), professional fouls and foul play, such as high tackles. A player cannot be replaced while temporarily suspended, though may be at the conclusion of the suspension period. For more serious offences or a second infraction warranting a temporary suspension sanction, a player may be sent off for the rest of the game, with no replacement allowable.

text: Special conditions exist in rugby union for the replacement of a sinbinned or sent-off front-row forward.

text: Referees also have the power to send team officials to the stands, similar to that in football.

text: Cricket[edit]

text: In cricket, there is no provision in the rules for a player to be ejected, as the spirit of the game is against behaviour reaching the point at which such action would be required. However, players may be fined or suspended upon a post-game review of their conduct.[13]

text: In keeping with the spirit of the game, however, the umpires have the power to eject a bowler from the team's bowling attack for the remainder of the innings (or in the case of a one-innings match or the second innings of a two-innings match, the remainder of the match) if the bowler, after having received one or two prior warnings (depending on prior offences), is guilty of throwing (law 24.4), ball-tampering (law 42.3), dangerous and unfair bowling (laws 42.6 and 42.7), time wasting (law 42.9) or running onto the protected area of the pitch (law 42.12). Any bowler who is guilty of deliberately bowling a high full-pitched ball (law 42.8) is automatically ejected.

text: If a bowler is ejected, the umpires will direct the captain of the fielding team, once the ball is dead, to take the bowler off forthwith. If there is an over in progress when the bowler is ejected, it shall be completed by another bowler who shall neither have bowled the previous over nor be allowed to bowl the next over. The bowler thus ejected shall not bowl again in that innings.[14]

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text: In ice hockey, there are several types of ejections for penalties: a "game ejection", "game misconduct penalty", "match penalty", and formerly "gross misconduct penalty".

text: During games sanctioned by Hockey Canada, a "game ejection" is issued for three stick infraction penalties and is rather rare. These penalties include cross checking, high sticking, butt ending, slashing, and spearing.

text: A game misconduct penalty is usually issued against a player for unsportsmanlike play, escalating a fight, or leaving the penalty box before he has completed serving time for another penalty, although some major penalties carry an automatic game misconduct. If a player incurs three game misconducts in a season, (s)he will be given a one-match ban. The player must leave the ice immediately, and a substitute may take over. However, if any other penalties are incurred by the ejected player in the same incident, they must be served in the penalty box by the substituting player. By the USA Hockey rules[15] a player can receive a game misconduct for violently checking an opponent into the boards from behind, or if the opponent's head strikes the boards or the goal frame as a result of the check from behind. It is also common knowledge that a player receive a game misconduct, regardless of the force of the hit, the second time (s)he checks an opponent from behind.

text: A match penalty is usually issued against a player for deliberately attempting to injure another player, such as stomping on him with his/her skate or a malicious hit. In addition to the offending player being immediately ejected (and usually subject to suspension), another player must serve a five-minute major penalty in the penalty box in addition to any other penalties imposed. The only exception is if a match penalty is against a goaltender, in which case the replacement goaltender can enter the ice immediately and a non-goaltender player serves the penalties. Match penalties may also be automatically flagged for review and supplementary discipline, depending on the league or association.

text: Prior to 2000, a gross misconduct was normally issued for an action far outside the normal level of acceptable behavior and was commonly given when a player has "made a travesty of the game".

text: Water polo[edit]

text: An ejection is called for a hold, sink, or pullback by a defensive player. If a player commits a foul within 5 meters to the goal that prevents a probable goal the offense will be awarded a penalty shot. Ejections and penalties are also awarded due to interference of a play. For example, if an ordinary foul is called (one blast of whistle) and the defensive player continues to play on that player, an ejection will be awarded. If the player fails to make their way to the penalty box, the offensive team will be awarded a penalty shot. The replacement player may not join play until a change of possession, turnover or once 20 seconds elapse. Should the player acquire 3 personal fouls (penalties/ejections) the player must sit out for the remainder the game. Players in the water that acquire a misconduct (shown by circular hand motions by the referee) may no longer participate in the game and must sit out for the remainder of the game. Coaches and players on the bench may be removed by being awarded a red card. For Flagrant Misconducts and Brutalities the player may no longer participate for the remainder of the game, leave the playing area, and must face the consequences following their respective rulebook (NCAA, FINA, NFHS, etc.)

text: Field lacrosse[edit]

text: In men's field lacrosse, an ejection (expulsion foul) is issued for a severe penalty, such as fighting, leaving the bench to take part in a fight, malicious hits, deliberately attempting to injure another player, blatant fouls at the end of (or immediately following) a game, or (in high school) receiving two unreleasable unsportsmanlike conduct penalties. Coaches and nonplaying personnel on a team must also be ejected if they use tobacco products during a game. The team guilty of an expulsion foul must serve a three-minute non-releasable penalty, and the ejected player/coach is suspended for the next game.

text: Fouling out occurs if a player incurs five minutes of personal foul penalty time (I.e. slashing, illegal body check, tripping, unnecessary roughness, unsportsmanlike conduct, punishable by a one to three minute penalty), but does not result in a suspension from the next game. Technical fouls do not count towards the five minutes; however a player may be called for unsportsmanlike conduct if they repeatedly commit the same technical foul, in which case it would count toward fouling out.

text: Additional penalties[edit]

text: In some instances, a player or coach who is ejected must serve a suspension and may pay a fine. Often, the suspension is one game for the first offense, with harsher penalties depending on subsequent ejections and the severity of the offense. Sometimes in professional sports, a fine may be sanctioned against a player or coach.

text: Most NFHS contests require ejected players to remain in the team area, so they may be supervised by a responsible team adult, usually the head or assistant coach (as requiring a minor to leave an area unsupervised can lead to legal liabilities). If the player continues to be unruly, creative solutions may be implemented such as requiring an assistant coach to leave the area with the player, handing the player over to the school administrator on duty, or requiring the player's parents to take the player home.


document_title: Governor-General of the Bahamas

question_text: who is the governor general of the bahamas 2018

text: Governor-General of the Bahamas

text:
Governor-General of the Bahamas
Flag of the Governor-General
IncumbentMarguerite Pindlingsince 8 July 2014Style
Her ExcellencyResidence
Government House, The BahamasAppointer
Monarch of the BahamasTerm length
At Her Majesty's pleasureFormation
31 July 1973First holder
Sir Milo ButlerWebsite
www.bahamas.gov.bs

tag: table

text:
The Bahamas
This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government ofthe Bahamas
Executive[show]
Monarch
Elizabeth II
Governor-General (list)
Marguerite Pindling
Prime Minister
Hubert Minnis
Cabinet

Legislature[show]
Senate
President of the Senate
House of Assembly
Speaker

Judiciary[show]
Judicial Committee of the PrivyCouncil
Court of Appeal
Supreme Court
Magistrates' Court
Law of the Bahamas

Local government[show]
Local Government Act 1996
Chief Councillors

Elections[show]
General
1962196719681972197719821987199219972002200720122017
Political parties
FNMPLPDNA

Foreign relations

Other countries
Atlas
vte

text: The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas is the representative of the Bahamian monarch (currently Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II). As The Queen cannot reside in all her realms, she appoints representatives to carry out her duties as Queen of the Bahamas. Governors-General serve their term at Her Majesty's pleasure, usually five years. They are responsible for appointing the Prime Minister as well as other government Ministers after consultations with the Prime Minister.

text: Government House in Nassau is the official residence of governors-general.  The current Governor-General is Dame Marguerite Pindling.

text: Governors-General of the Bahamas (1973–present)[edit]

text:
#

Took office

Left office

Name(Birth–Death)

Comments

1

1 August 1978

22 January 1979

Sir Milo Butler(1906–1979)

Died in office

*

22 January 1979

22 January 1979

Hon. Dr. Dame Doris Louise Johnson(1921–1983)

Acting. She was appointed a DBE after leaving office.[1]

2

22 January 1979

25 June 1986

Sir Gerald Cash(1917–2003)

3

26 June 1986

1 January 1992

Sir Henry Milton Taylor(1903–1994)

4

2 January 1992

2 January 1995

Sir Clifford Darling(1922–2011)

5

3 January 1995

13 November 2000

Sir Orville Turnquest(born 1929)

6

13 November 2000

30 November 2005[2]

Dame Ivy Dumont(born 1930)

Acting to 1 January 2002

*

1 December 2005[3]

31 January 2006[3]

Paul Adderley(1928–2012)

Acting

7

1 February 2006

14 April 2012

A.D. Hanna(born 1928)

8

14 April 2012

8 July 2014

Sir Arthur Foulkes(born 1928)

9

8 July 2014

Incumbent

Dame Marguerite Pindling(born 1932)


document_title: FV Cornelia Marie

question_text: who is captain of the cornelia marie now

text: FV Cornelia Marie

text: History[edit]

text: The Cornelia Marie was built in 1989 in Bayou La Batre, Alabama, on commission from original owner Ralph Collins; she was one of the last boats built by Horton Boats. Named after Ralph's wife, co-owner Cornelia Marie Collins, the boat is 128 feet (39 m) long, 28 feet (8.5 m) wide, and carries 28,500 U.S. gallons (23,700 imp gal; 108,000 L) of fuel and 3,000 U.S. gallons (2,500 imp gal; 11,000 L) of fresh water.[3][4] The Cornelia Marie fishes for King, and opilio crab (also called snow crab), and also does salmon and herring tendering. It features an aquamarine and white paint scheme with yellow banners bearing the ship's name.

text: Ralph and Cornelia Marie divorced; she took ownership of the boat. She eventually sold a partial share to captain Phil Harris. His share is currently in possession of his estate. The ship was seen (but not named) in background footage for the two pilots of the Discovery Channel series Deadliest Catch. It was selected for a camera crew for Season 1, in the 2004 opilio crab season, as partner vessel of featured vessel Maverick. The ship took part in the rescue efforts for the Big Valley, which sunk on the first day of the opilio crab season off Saint Paul Island, losing all but one crewmember. It became a featured vessel beginning in the second season, joining Maverick, Northwestern and Time Bandit, and later Wizard.[citation needed]

text: Captain Phil Harris[edit]

text: Captain Phil Harris suffered a stroke on January 29, 2010, while in port off-loading at Saint Paul Island, Alaska[5] and subsequently died on February 9 from a pulmonary embolism.[6]

text: Alaskan songwriter Britt Arnesen wrote a eulogy-in-song for Capt. Harris, released on the Cornelia Marie website.[7]

text: Post-Harris era[edit]

text: Derrick Ray finished the remaining opilio season after the death of Phil Harris. Jim Wilson skippered the Cornelia Marie for their 2010 spring and summer tendering contracts. He was among those being considered to run the boat for the rest of the 2010 opilio crab season before Derrick Ray was selected.[8]

text: The FV Cornelia Marie participated in the 2010 king crab season with the same crew from the latter half of the 2010 opilio season. Before the king crab season started, the crew of the Cornelia Marie spread Phil Harris's ashes in the Bering Sea. The ship had a crew change for the 2011 opilio season, including the replacement of skipper Derrick Ray with Tony Lara.[9]

text: The Cornelia Marie returned for Season 7 of Deadliest Catch. The FV Cornelia Marie returned to Kodiak, Alaska, in late October 2011, under the command of Capt. Tony Lara, following a spell in dry dock to undergo maintenance and to be repainted. The Cornelia Marie, while still fishing under the classification of a "Trawler", was not featured on Season 8 of Deadliest Catch. Josh Harris was featured as a crew member on the FV Time Bandit and Jake Harris was featured as a crew member on the FV Northwestern. The Cornelia Marie was shown tied-up and unpowered in Kodiak, Alaska, in the Season 9 Opener for Discovery Channel's Deadliest Catch. The vessel was filmed in October 2012.[citation needed]

text: In March 2013, Captain Hillstrand announced during the taping of the Artie Lange Show that Josh Harris bought the Cornelia Marie. On April 25, 2013 Josh Harris confirmed in an interview on Rock 105.3 "The Show" in San Diego, California that he has bought the Cornelia Marie.[citation needed]

text: On September 13, 2013, Harris announced on his personal Facebook page that the Cornelia Marie was not optioned by the Discovery Channel for Season 10 of Deadliest Catch. The Deadliest Catch FV Cornelia Marie Facebook Page announced on March 14, 2014, that while the Cornelia Marie will not be on the king crab episodes; she will be on for opilio. Eventually she ended up being on the show for the 2014 king crab season.[citation needed]

text: On August 8, 2015, Tony Lara died from a heart attack in Sturgis, South Dakota.[10]

text: On October 14, 2016, Josh Harris announced the boat is no longer on the show[11]

text: As of the end of 2017, it was announced that the boat will be returning for season 14 of Deadliest Carch


document_title: Otto Warmbier

question_text: who did otto go with to north korea

question_tokens: who did otto go with to north korea

text: Otto Warmbier

text: Early life[edit]

text: Otto Warmbier was born on December 12, 1994, the eldest of three children of Fred and Cindy (née Garber) Warmbier, and was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio.[10] Otto had two siblings, a brother, Austin, and a sister, Greta.[11] His father, Fred Warmbier, owns a metal-finishing company that was featured in Forbes in 2015 for its rapid growth.[12] In 2014, Fred contributed to The New York Times' blog titled You're the Boss about running a small business.[13] Otto worked as an intern at the company from 2010 to 2013.[14] His maternal grandfather was Charles Garber, a pharmacist in Cincinnati, who was active in the Jewish community.[15][a]

text: Warmbier graduated from Wyoming High School in 2013 as salutatorian, the second-highest ranking student in his class. He was considered popular and studious, and played on the soccer team. His coach said he was a gifted player and a natural leader.[17][18]

text: Warmbier was enrolled at the University of Virginia, where he was studying for a double major degree in commerce and economics and did an exchange at the London School of Economics. His minor was in global sustainability.[17] He was a third-year student when he traveled to China, followed by a side-trip to North Korea.

text: He was a brother of the Theta Chi fraternity.[19][20][21] Warmbier's mother was Jewish, and he was active in the Hillel Jewish campus organization at the University of Virginia.[22] He had visited Israel in a Birthright Israel heritage trip for young Jewish adults.[23]

text: In May 2017 the Washington Post interviewed some of Warmbier's college friends, who described him, according to the paper, as a "sports fan who can reel off stats about seemingly any team, a friendly Midwesterner who can break down underground rap lyrics (and craft some of his own), a deep thinker who would challenge himself and others to question their place in the world, a guy from an entrepreneurial family who ate half-price sushi, an insatiably curious person with a strong work ethic and a delight in the ridiculous."[17]

text: Trip to North Korea[edit]

text: Fred Warmbier stated that his son Otto, en route to Hong Kong to complete a study abroad program, was traveling in China at the end of 2015 when he saw a company offering trips to North Korea. He decided to go because he was adventurous, according to his father. The senior Warmbier said that the China-based tour operator, Young Pioneer Tours, appealed to young Westerners with slogans such as "This is the trip your parents don't want you to take!" and advertised the trip as safe for U.S. citizens.[24][25]

text: Warmbier traveled to North Korea for a five-day New Year's tour of the country organized by Young Pioneer Tours. Ten other U.S. citizens were in his tour group.[2][26][27][28][29] The tour group celebrated New Year's Eve by carousing in Pyongyang's Kim Il Sung Square before returning to their accommodations at the Yanggakdo International Hotel, where they continued drinking alcohol.[30][31] Early in the morning of New Year's Day, Warmbier allegedly tried to steal a propaganda poster from a staff-only area of the hotel.[1][32] The poster stated, "Let's arm ourselves strongly with Kim Jong-il's patriotism!" Harming or stealing such items with the name or image of a North Korean leader is considered a serious crime by the North Korean government.[33][34]

text: Arrest[edit]

text: On January 2, 2016, Warmbier was arrested at Pyongyang International Airport just prior to departing North Korea.[20] Danny Gratton, a British member of Warmbier's tour group, witnessed the arrest.[35] He said:

text: No words were spoken. Two guards just came over and simply tapped Otto on the shoulder and led him away. I just said kind of quite nervously, 'Well, that's the last we'll see of you.' There's a great irony in those words. That was it. That was the last physical time I saw Otto, ever. Otto didn't resist. He didn't look scared. He sort of half-smiled.[30]

text: The others in his tour group left the country without incident.[28] When their plane was about to leave the terminal an official came aboard and announced "Otto is very sick and has been taken to the hospital."[36][b]

text: North Korea's state-run Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) initially announced that Warmbier had been detained for "a hostile act against the state," without specifying further details.[28] North Korea refused to elaborate on the nature of his wrongdoing for six weeks.[36] In a press conference on February 29, 2016, Warmbier, reading from a prepared statement, confessed that he had attempted to steal a propaganda poster from a restricted staff-only area of the second floor of the Yanggakdo Hotel to take back to the United States.[38] It is not known whether the confession was forced, as Warmbier never regained consciousness after his return to the U.S. However, various sources, including Gratton, stated that he was clearly under duress.[30] Former prisoners of North Korea have later recanted their confessions after their release, stating they were made under duress.[39][40][41]

text: Warmbier's confession also stated that he had plotted to steal the poster at the behest of a Methodist church in his hometown and a secret society at the University of Virginia that he wished to join, both of whom he said were allied with the Central Intelligence Agency. These claims, which Time called "fanciful" and "implausible,"[36] were disputed by both the church and the University society named by Warmbier.[38] The New York Times remarked that "the unlikely nature of the details suggested the script had been written by Mr. Warmbier's North Korean interrogators."[42] U.S. negotiator Mickey Bergman later stated that Warmbier's family were advised to maintain silence about his Jewish heritage while he was under arrest, as negotiators believed that publicly repudiating Warmbier's purported affiliation with a Methodist church would antagonise the North Korean regime.[43]

text: Warmbier is not the first foreigner to have been arrested for a poster-related offense in North Korea. A private Dutch collector, who owned over a thousand of their posters, was arrested on charges of espionage in 2010 during one of his semi-annual visits to buy more. He was similarly threatened with 15 years imprisonment, but was released after two weeks upon signing a forced confession.[44] Another collector of North Korean posters, David Heather, published an illustrated book of their posters, and notes that about 1,000 artists work in a large complex in North Korea producing them.[45] Older posters have been exhibited in museums outside of North Korea,[46][47] while some private companies have been selling them for years.[48]

text: Trial and conviction[edit]

text: On March 16, 2016, a few hours after U.S. envoy Bill Richardson met in New York with two North Korean diplomats from the United Nations office to press for Warmbier's release,[49][50] Warmbier was tried and convicted for the theft of the propaganda poster from a restricted area of the hotel. Evidence at his trial, which lasted one hour, included his confession, CCTV footage, fingerprint evidence, and witness testimony.[51][52] He was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor.[2][53] Human Rights Watch called the hearing a kangaroo court[54] and described the sentencing as "outrageous and shocking."[55] U.S. State Department spokesman Mark Toner stated it was clear that North Korea used arrested American citizens for political purposes despite its claims to the contrary.[56] Richardson and some news media have suggested that the harsh sentence was in response to heightened tensions with the U.S.[41][55]

text: A video purporting to be the hotel's security-camera footage of the theft was released by KCNA on March 18, 2016. In the brief low-resolution video, which is time-stamped 1:57 a.m., a figure removes a poster from a wall in a corridor and places it on the floor, leaning it against the wall. The footage released does not display subsequent events.[57][1] Warmbier indicated in his confession that he abandoned the poster after discovering it was too large to carry away.[58][38]

text: A hotel staff member told the court: "When I got off work, there was nothing amiss. But when I returned, I thought someone had deliberately taken the slogan down, so I mobilised security to prevent damage to it and reported it to the authorities."[59]

text: Release[edit]

text: Fred Warmbier and his wife met with numerous Obama administration officials, including former Secretary of State John Kerry, and with the Swedish ambassador, who served as an interlocutor between the U.S. and North Korea.[60] In May 2017, he said that the Obama administration had encouraged them to keep a low profile about their son's situation, but that he and his wife wanted their son to be part of any negotiations between the United States and North Korea.[61]

text: On June 12, 2017, Rex Tillerson, the United States Secretary of State, announced that North Korea had released Warmbier. Tillerson also announced that the U.S. State Department secured Warmbier's release at the direction of President Donald Trump.[62][63] Tillerson said that the State Department continues discussing three other detained Americans with North Korea.[64]

text: Subsequent media reports revealed that at a meeting in New York on June 6, North Korean officials had advised U.S. State Department Special Representative Joseph Yun that Warmbier had contracted food-borne botulism shortly after his sentencing, and had fallen into a coma after taking a sleeping pill. A delegation headed by Yun flew to Pyongyang to oversee Warmbier's repatriation to the U.S.[65][33]

text: After 17 months in prison, Warmbier, in a comatose state, was medically evacuated to Cincinnati, Ohio, arriving in the evening of June 13, 2017. He was taken to the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, where doctors tried to determine what caused his coma and if there were signs of recovery.[66][67]

text: Medical condition[edit]

text: Warmbier's physicians at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center stated that he was in "a state of unresponsive wakefulness," a condition commonly known as persistent vegetative state.[65] He was able to breathe on his own and blink his eyes, but otherwise showed no signs of awareness of his environment, such as understanding language, nor did he initiate any purposeful movements.[68]

text: Medical records from North Korea showed that Warmbier had been in this state since April 2016, one month after his conviction. During his release, the North Koreans provided a disk containing two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, dated April and July 2016, showing damage to the brain.[4]

text: According to his medical team, brain scans revealed Warmbier had suffered extensive loss of brain tissue throughout his brain, consistent with a cardiopulmonary event that caused the brain to be deprived of oxygen. Doctors said they did not know what caused the cardiac arrest, but that it could have been triggered by a respiratory arrest, while a neurointensive care specialist at the hospital stated that there was no evidence indicating botulism. They said physicians found no evidence of physical abuse or torture; scans of Warmbier's neck and head were normal outside of the brain injury.[68][17][69][4]

text: Warmbier's father held a press conference on June 15, but declined to answer a reporter's question as to whether or not the neurological injury was caused by an assault, saying he would let the doctors make that determination. He stated that they did not believe anything the North Koreans told them.[25] He expressed anger at the North Koreans for his son's condition, saying, "There is no excuse for any civilized nation to have kept his condition secret, and denied him top-notch medical care for so long."[68]

text: Death and public reactions[edit]

text:
Countless innocent men and women have died at the hands of North Korea..., but the singular case of Otto Warmbier touches the American heart like no other.

Nikki Haley, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.[8]

tag: div

text: Warmbier died in the hospital at 2:20 p.m. on June 19, 2017, at the age of 22.[7][70] His family issued a statement expressing their sadness, thanking the hospital staff for their actions.[3] President Trump issued a statement regarding Warmbier's death: "There is nothing more tragic for a parent than to lose a child in the prime of life. Our thoughts and prayers are with Otto's family and friends, and all who loved him."[7][71] Others criticized Warmbier.[72][73]

text: North Korean officials said their country was the "biggest victim" from his death as a result of a "smear campaign," stating their treatment of him was "humanitarian." A spokesman added:

text: Although we had no reason at all to show mercy to such a criminal of the enemy state, we provided him with medical treatments and care with all sincerity on humanitarian basis until his return to the U.S., considering that his health got worse.[74]

text: At the request of Warmbier's family, an autopsy was not performed, and only a postmortem external examination was conducted.[75] Doctors speculated that the cause of death could have been a blood clot, pneumonia, sepsis or kidney failure. Sleeping pills could have caused Warmbier to stop breathing if he had botulism and was paralyzed from it.[76] The University of Cincinnati doctors found no evidence of botulism, but several neurologists said that botulism cannot be ruled out, given the length of time before Warmbier's return to the US.[77]

text: After his death, Young Pioneers, the tour company that organized the trip for Warmbier, announced that it would no longer accept American citizens on its tours.[78] One former State Department official noted that the State Department's website has for years strongly warned Americans not to travel to North Korea.[60]

text: A funeral for Warmbier was held on June 22 at Wyoming High School, with more than 2,500 mourners attending.[79] He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Glendale, Ohio, and students tied ribbons on every tree and pole along the three-mile route taken by the funeral procession from the high school to the cemetery.[80]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: In July 2017, the U.S. government announced that it would ban American tourists from visiting North Korea as of September 1, 2017.[81] In his speech to the United Nations General Assembly on September 19, 2017, President Donald Trump mentioned Warmbier while lambasting the North Korean regime as a rogue state.[82] One week later, Trump posted on Twitter that Warmbier was "tortured beyond belief" by North Korea.[83] This was the first time President Trump had publicly accused the North Korean regime of torturing Warmbier.[84] His post followed a televised interview given by Warmbier's parents in which they spoke of their son's death and expressed their wish for North Korea to be relisted as a state sponsor of terrorism.[85]