document_title: List of Pokémon: Sun & Moon episodes

question_text: when is the next pokemon sun and moon episode coming out

text: List of Pokémon: Sun & Moon episodes

text: Season 20: Sun & Moon (2016–present)

text:
EP#[a]
English title
Japanese title
Air date

J#
E#
Japan[6]
United States

943
936
"Alola to New Adventure!" (Alola! New Islands, New Pokémon!!)
"Arōra! Hajimete no shima, hajimete no Pokémon-tachi!!" (アローラ! はじめての島、はじめてのポケモンたち!!)
November 17, 2016
May 12, 2017[b]

Ash, his mother, Mimey, and Pikachu arrive in the Alola region on vacation to deliver a Pokémon egg to Professor Oak's cousin, Samson Oak. While exploring for new Pokémon, Ash and Pikachu stumble upon a Pokémon school that Samson runs as its principal. While helping defend the school from a group of Team Skull grunts, Ash witnesses one of the students, Kiawe, perform a powerful Z-Move with his Pokémon to drive the grunts away. The night before Ash and his mother are due to return home to the Kanto region, the guardian Pokémon, Tapu Koko, appears before Ash and gives him a Z-Ring that will enable him to perform his own Z-Moves. With his mother's permission, Ash decides to enroll in the Pokémon school to learn more about Alolan Pokémon.

944
937
"The Guardian's Challenge!" (Enter the Guardian Deity Kapu-Kokeko! Let Us Attempt to Master Our Z-Move!!)
"Mamorigami Kapu Kokeko tōjō! Chōsen, ore-tachi no Z-waza!!" (守り神カプ・コケコ登場! 挑戦、オレたちのZワザ!!)
November 17, 2016
May 12, 2017[b]

On Ash's first day at Pokémon school, Professor Kukui and the other students host a surprise welcome party for him, which includes contests against the other students' Pokémon. Soon after, Tapu Koko appears and battles Ash and Pikachu in order to test their ability to use the Z-Ring. Ash and Pikachu manage to unleash the Z-Move "Gigavolt Havoc", but the Z-Crystal shatters after Pikachu's immense release of power. In order to regain the power of Z-Moves, Ash decides to undergo the island challenge.

945
938
"Loading the Dex!" (Good Rotomorning, I Am the Rotom Zukan Roto!)
"Yorotoshiku, boku, Rotomu Zukan roto" (よロトしく、ボク、ロトム図鑑ロト!)
November 24, 2016
May 13, 2017

Professor Kukui gives Ash a "Rotom-Dex", which is an intelligent Pokédex that is capable of human speech and powered by a Rotom. Ash goes to find and catch his first Pokémon in Alola, but he instead encounters Team Rocket, who are aided by a wild and very scary Mimikyu that despises Pikachu. Before the battle can be decided, Team Rocket are carried off by a Bewear.

946
939
"First Catch in Alola, Ketchum-style!" (Enter Mokuroh! I Got a Pokémon in Alola!!)
"Mokurō tōjō! Arōra de Pokémon get da ze" (モクロー登場! アローラでポケモンゲットだぜ!!)
November 24, 2016
May 14, 2017

After Ash fails to capture a Grubbin, he encounters a Rowlet that lives in a Toucannon nest with a flock of Pikipek and Trumbeak. After Ash feeds the starving Rowlet, it returns the favor by helping him fight off Team Rocket. Afterwards, Rowlet chooses to go with Ash. Ash catches Rowlet as his first Pokémon in Alola, while Jessie uses James' Luxury Pokéball to capture Mimikyu.

947
940
"Yo, Ho, Ho! Go, Popplio!" (Ashimari, Do Your Balloonest!)
"Ashimari, ganbarūn!" (シマリ、がんバルーン!)
December 1, 2016
May 15, 2017

Ash helps Lana train her Popplio to blow a water balloon large enough to enable undersea travel for people and meets her two annoying younger twin sisters. During a school fishing trip, the class's Ride Pokémon are stolen by Team Rocket. Pikachu's Iron Tail frees all the Ride Pokémon. Popplio manages to blow a massive water balloon to save them from falling onto the rocks.

948
941
"A Shocking Grocery Run!" (Zing Zap Togedemaru!)
"Biribiri chikuchiku Togedemaru!" (びりびりちくちくトゲデマル!)
December 8, 2016
May 16, 2017

Ash and Sophocles are separated from their Pokémon during a visit to the local shopping mall when Team Rocket accidentally activates the mall's security system. Pikachu, Rotom-Dex, and Togedemaru are trapped inside with Team Rocket, while Sophocles inadvertently reveals his greatest fear. A wild race through the mall ends in a roof-top battle.

949
942
"That's Why the Litten is a Scamp!" (Nyabby, The Marketplace Wanderer!)
"Ichiba no fūraibō Nyabī!" (市場の風来坊ニャビー!)
December 15, 2016
May 17, 2017

A stray Litten that Ash has encountered before continues to give him trouble. When he decides to catch it, he learns why it steals food from people. Later, Ash helps Litten deal with a mean Alolan Persian.

950
943
"Lillie's Egg-xhilarating Challenge!"  (Who's in Charge of the Egg?)
"Tamago-gakari wa dāre da?" (タマゴ係はだ～れだ?)
December 22, 2016
May 18, 2017

Ash's class is assigned to look after a newly discovered Alolan Pokémon egg. When the class deliberates who will bring the egg home for the night, Lillie agrees to take care of the egg in order to overcome her fear of handling Pokémon. When she and Ash bring it home, a Salandit follows them. While Ash and Lillie's butler, Hobbs, are having a practice battle, the Salandit attacks Lillie and the egg.

951
944
"To Top a Totem" (The Leader Pokémon Is Dekagoos!)
"Nushi Pokémon wa Dekagūsu!" (ぬしポケモンはデカグース!)
January 5, 2017
May 19, 2017

Ash meets Hala, the Kahuna of Melemele Island, who created his Z-Ring. As part of Ash's first Island Trial Challenge, Hala tasks him with finding a solution to an infestation of Rattata and Raticate without fighting them. Thanks to his friends' suggestion, Ash decides to recruit the local Yungoos and Gumshoos. However, Ash must defeat their leader, the Totem Pokémon Gumshoos, in battle in order to earn their cooperation, with Tapu Koko secretly observing.

952
945
"Trial and Tribulation!" (Will the Z-Move Work?! Challenging the Grand Trial!!)
"Deru ka Z-waza! Daishiren e no chōsen!!" (出るかZワザ! 大試練への挑戦!!)
January 12, 2017
May 20, 2017

The time has come for Ash to confront Hala in order to win his first Island Grand Trial Challenge in Alola using the Z-Crystal he obtained from the Totem Gumshoos. After the battle, Hala rewards Ash with a Fightinium Z, but Tapu-Koko intervenes and replaces it with Electrium Z.

953
946
"Young Kiawe Had a Farm!" (Satoshi Visits Kaki!)
"Satoshi, kaki n chi ni iku!" (サトシ、カキんちに行く！)
January 19, 2017
May 27, 2017

Ash and Pikachu visit Akala Island with Kiawe, where Kiawe's family runs a dairy farm. The Team Skull grunts interfere when Ash and Kiawe are on their way with a special delivery.

954
947
"The Sun, the Scare, the Secret Lair!" (The Extracurricular Lesson is on Hidoide?!)
"Kagai jugyō wa Hidoide!?" (課外授業はヒドイデ！？)
January 26, 2017
June 3, 2017

Professor Kukui takes Ash and the other students to the beach for a special lesson. After encountering a bunch of Mareanie, the group splits up to find and observe Pokémon. Ash, Pikachu, and Rotom-Dex are searching for Pokémon to observe when they run into Team Rocket, who are under pressure from their boss to catch new Pokémon in the Alola region. One Mareanie causes trouble for Ash and his Pokémon when it decides to help Team Rocket, especially James.

955
948
"Racing to a Big Event!" (The Great Alola Pancake Race!)
"Arōrapankēki dai rēsu!" (アローラパンケーキ大レース！)
February 2, 2017
June 10, 2017

Mallow tells Ash about the Pokémon Pancake Race and suggests that he join in. Ash agrees and finds his main rival to be the Pancake waitress Nina, who has an Alolan Raichu and is also the race's previous champion. During the race, Team Rocket, who want the grand prize of a year's supply of free pancakes, enter both Mimikyu and a mechanical Bewear powered by Meowth and Wobbuffet. Mimikyu is disqualified for using a Pokémon attack against Pikachu that also eliminates Bounsweet and Popplio. The mechanical Bewear later self-destructs, and Team Rocket is carried off once again by the real Bewear. With Pikachu and Raichu distracted, the Principal's Komala wins the race at the last moment. Pikachu and Raichu tie for second place. Later at the Pokémon School, Lillie's egg begins to hatch.

956
949
"Getting to Know You!" (The Fruit of Courage: Lilie and Rokon!)
"Yūki no kesshō, rīrie to rokon!" (勇気の結晶、リーリエとロコン！)
February 9, 2017
June 17, 2017

Lillie's egg, which she had named "Snowy" in the previous episode, hatches into an Alolan Vulpix and the principal's egg into a normal Vulpix. The fire-type Vulpix starts playing with Pikachu, Togedemaru, Popplio, and the others, while Snowy (an ice-type) ignores the others. Finally, it decides to accept Lillie as its trainer and enters Lillie's Pokéball on its own. Lillie decides to spend some time alone with her newfound partner and takes a walk with Snowy, while being followed secretly by Mallow and Ash. Team Rocket also starts following them and soon corners Lillie and Snowy. Although Lillie tries to put up a fight with Snowy using Powder Snow, Team Rocket dominates her in battle. She and Snowy are saved by Ash and Mallow. Lillie finally is able to touch a Pokémon, although she is only able to touch Snowy for now.

957
950
"Rocking Clawmark Hill!" (Scratchmark Hill, Iwanko and Lugarugan!!)
"Tsumeato no oka, Iwanko to Lugarugan!!" (爪あとの丘、イワンコとルガルガン！！)
February 23, 2017
June 24, 2017

Ash and Professor Kukui notice that the Rockruff that lives with Professor Kukui is disappearing at night and returning the next morning badly injured. Following it, they find out that Rockruff is participating in a secret Pokémon training ground. Ash decides to help Rockruff train, and Rockruff learns to use Rock Throw. After Rockruff defeats a Magmar that previously defeated it, Professor Kukui decides to leave Rockruff in Ash's care.

958
951
"They Might Not Be Giants!" (Three Little Pokémon, One Big Adventure!!)
"Chīsana san-biki, ōkina bōken!!" (小さな三匹、大きな冒険!!)
March 2, 2017
July 1, 2017

While training on a beach, Lana's Popplio and Ash's Rowlet are caught inside one of Popplio's balloons, which is blown away by a strong wind. Rowlet bursts the balloon open, and they both crash into Team Rocket's secret base. Meowth and Mareanie chase after them, but they are rescued by Litten. While Ash, Lana, and Mallow search for the missing pair, Litten takes them to where it has been staying with the old Stoutland. Stoutland asks Litten to help them find their trainers, but Team Rocket is also hunting them.

959
952
"Crystal-Clear Sleuthing!" (Alola Detective Rotom! The Mystery of the Lost Crystal!!)
"Arōra tantei rotomu! Kieta kurisutaru no nazo!!" (アローラ探偵ロトム!消えたクリスタルの謎!!)
March 9, 2017
July 1, 2017

Ash's Electrium Z-crystal is missing. Rotom, who is a big fan of an Alolan detective TV show, is prompted to try and find it with Pikachu as his assistant, getting a new video camera function in the course of the story. In the meantime, Ash and the other students are all desperate to keep Kiawe, the only other Z-ring wearer, from finding out about the missing Z-crystal out of fear of his anger.

960
953
"A Seasoned Search!" (Really? Mao's Great Culinary Plan!)
"Maji~i! ? Mao no o ryōri dai sakusen! !" (マジィ！？マオのお料理大作戦！！)
March 16, 2017
July 1, 2017

Mallow invites her classmates to her restaurant to taste her version of Alola's legendary stew. Unfortunately, her use of Pikachu's electric shock to cook it does not go over so well. It turns out that she is missing an important ingredient known as the rare Yellow Nectar. Ash and Pikachu decide to help Mallow gather some nectar. Their plan is to use an Oricorio to find it, but finding one is not so easy. Meanwhile, Ash's Rowlet seems to have developed feelings for Mallow's Bounsweet, but the feelings are not reciprocated. Team Rocket turns up once again, but this time instead of stealing Pikachu they plan to steal all of the nectar. However, their interference causes Bounsweet to evolve into a Steenee with a devastating slap attack.

961
954
"A Guardian Rematch!" (Intense Electric Shock Training! A Rematch with Kapu-Kokeko!!)
"Dengeki mō tokkun! Kapu kokeko to no saisen! !" (電撃猛特訓！カプ・コケコとの再戦！！)
March 23, 2017
July 1, 2017

Ash begins training for a possible rematch against Tapu Koko. Sophocles helps out with scientific methods that yields surprising results. Naturally, this arouses Tapu Koko's interest. Tapu Koko challenges Ash and Pikachu with the whole Pokémon school looking on.

962
955
"Partner Promises!" (The Promise Between Satoshi and Pikachu)
"Satoshi to pikachū, futarinoyakusoku" (サトシとピカチュウ、二人の約束)
April 6, 2017
July 1, 2017

On the advice of a local shopkeeper, Ash and Pikachu kayak to Treasure Island, where there are lots of wild Pokémon. After watching a group of Crabrawler, following a Cutiefly to a meadow full of friendly bug Pokémon and having fun with a group of Alolan Exeggutor, they are overrun by a school of Wimpod who try to steal their snacks. Preparing to return home, they find a Wimpod trapped inside a blocked cave. With the help of one of the Exeggutor from earlier, they manage to reach and free Wimpod, who thanks Ash before returning to its school. Ash and Pikachu see another Island Guardian, Tapu Lele, who heals Ash's bruised hands.

963
956
"One Journey Ends, Another Begins..." (It's Time for Nyabby to Move On)
"Nyabby, tabidachi no toki!" (ニャビー、旅立ちの時！)
April 6, 2017
July 1, 2017

Ash and Pikachu run into Litten again, but this time something's very wrong with its friend, the old Stoutland. Ash carries the Stoutland to the Pokémon Center, where Ash, Pikachu, and Rotom learn that Stoutland is seriously ill. Litten and Stoutland escape from the Pokémon Center and return to their riverside den, where Stoutland passes away in the night. After realizing what has happened, Litten is heart-broken and refuses to be comforted by anyone. After Litten finally comes to terms with the loss of its friend, Ash asks Litten to join him, and Litten decides to test him by battling against Pikachu. When the battle ends in a draw, Litten chooses to become one of Ash's Pokémon. Team Rocket's Meowth, who for reasons of his own has been secretly watching everything, seems pleased by the outcome.

964
957
"A Shivering Shovel Search!" (Beware of Shovels!!!)
"Sukoppu ni yōchūi! ! !" (スコップに要注意!!!)
April 13, 2017
July 8, 2017

While training Litten, who is having trouble mastering Fire Fang, Ash accidentally incurs the wrath of an unfriendly Sandygast when Rockruff's Rock Throw knocks the shovel off its head. Ash's attempt to temporarily replace it with Rotom-Dex only makes things worse. In a rage, Sandygast evolves into Palossand and swallows up Ash and also Litten when it tries to rescue him. With both Litten and Rotom-Dex affected by Palossand's energy drain, it is up to the rest of Ash's classmates to save them.

965
958
"Getting the Band Back Together!" (Shocking! A Dugtrio Split-Up?!)
"Shōgeki! Dagutorio kaisan?!" (衝撃！ダグトリオ解散!?)
April 20, 2017
July 15, 2017

Ash and his classmates are excited to see a popular local musician, DJ Leo, that plays music with his Alolan Dugtrio. After a dancing Alolan Diglett joins the group, the Dugtrio start quarreling among themselves as to which of them should take the center stage. Amid the threat of a split-up, Team Rocket steps in to steal Dugtrio.

966
959
"Alolan Open House!" (Alola! The First Visitors Day!!)
"Arōra! Hajimete no jugyō sankan!!" (アローラ！ はじめての授業参観!!)
April 27, 2017
July 22, 2017

When the Pokémon School announces a special Visitors Day, Ash's mother, Delia, and Mimey come for a visit. Delia charms everyone, including all of Ash's Alolan Pokémon (especially Litten). Meanwhile, Ash is reluctantly trying to prepare a report he has to give in front of his classmates, the school visitors, and his own mother. When the Team Skull grunts crash the festivities on Tauros and start causing mayhem, Ash, Delia, and Ash's Pokémon team up to drive them off.

967
960
"A Team-on-Team Tussle!" (The Battle for the Crystal! Rocket-Dan VS Skull-Dan!!)"
"Kurisutaru sōdatsu-sen! Roketto-dan tai sukaru-dan!!" (クリスタル争奪戦！ロケット団対スカル団！！)
May 4, 2017
July 29, 2017

When Team Rocket see Ash and Kiawe demonstrating Z-moves, they plot to find Z-crystals for themselves. While searching, Team Rocket run into Team Skull. Both gangs spot a Darkinium Z-crystal embedded in a large rock. The problem is, the rock is the current lair of the Raticate and Rattata infestation from earlier. The two gangs compete to acquire the Z-crystal with Team Rocket emerging as the winners. With the Z-crystal in their possession, they try to figure out how to use it.

968
961
"So Long, Sophocles!" (Goodbye, Māmane!)
"Sayonara māmane!" (さよならマーマネ!)
May 11, 2017
August 5, 2017

Sophocles and his family may be moving away, so Sophocles will have to leave the Pokémon school and all his friends. Even though he tries to keep the news from his classmates, they can see that both he and Togedemaru are very upset. Ash and his friends work together to cheer up Sophocles with a farewell party. However, when Sophocles finds out he's made a mistake, he finds it very hard to tell his friends.

969
962
"A Glaring Rivalry!" (Come Forth! The Crimson Glare of Lugarugan!!)
"Ide yo! Akaki manazashi Rugarugan!!" (出でよ！紅き眼差しルガルガン！！)
May 18, 2017
August 19, 2017

A trainer named Gladion, dressed in black, battling with a powerful fiery-eyed Lycanroc and wearing a Z-ring, has appeared on Melemele Island. After seeing them in action, Ash naturally wants to battle Gladion. However, he's totally shocked when Lillie appears and calls Gladion her brother. Gladion seems cold towards Lillie and at first refuses Ash's challenge, but he learns that Ash got his Z-ring from Tapu Koko and had actually battled the Island Guardian. That night, Gladion's Umbreon delivers a note to Ash agreeing to battle. It's Ash's Rockruff versus Gladion's Lycanroc! However, Team Rocket, who saw Gladion defeat the Team Skull grunts earlier, can't resist getting involved. Ash and Gladion must work together to rescue Pikachu and Lycanroc.

970
963
"Pulling Out the Pokémon Base Pepper!" (The Fierce Pokébase Match! Go for a Tide-Turning Home Run!!)
"Nettō Pokebēsu! Nerae gyakuten hōmuran!!" (熱闘ポケベース!ねらえ逆転ホームラン!!)
May 25, 2017
August 26, 2017

Pokémon Base, a version of baseball in which both humans and Pokémon are players, is extremely popular in the Alolan Islands, and naturally Ash and his friends are big fans. Professor Kukui, Principal Oak, and human Pokémon Base star, Oluolu, act as judges in a spirited game between the students (Ash, Pikachu, Sophocles, Togedemaru, Lana, and Popplio vs. Kiawe, Turtonator, Mallow, Steenee, Lillie, and Snowy). After Team Rocket's Meowth gets beaned by Lana's home run ball, Jessie, who has a crush on Oluolu, drags Team Rocket into a game against the students with Oluolu's autograph as the prize. It's Ash, Pikachu, Rockruff, Kiawe, Oluolu, and his Snorlax against James, Mareanie, Jessie, Wobbuffet, Mimikkyu, and Meowth.

971
964
"Lulled to La-La Land!" (Are You Going to Sleep in the Nemashu Forest Too?)
"Nemashu no mori de anata mo nemashu?" (ネマシュの森であなたも寝ましゅ？)
June 8, 2017
September 2, 2017

Ash and his classmates go on a camping trip in the forest. The trip does not start out well when Lana scares them all with a ghost story about a traveler who had all his energy drained from him, while he was asleep. However, they have no idea that they are being spied on by a mysterious Pokémon. One by one, the gang except for Lillie is attacked, knocked out, and their energy drained from them. The culprit turns out to be a hungry Morelull. Ash figures out a way that the Morelull can get all the energy it needs from him, and later the gang finds out why the Morelull need so much energy.

972
965
"The Ol' Raise and Switch!" (Lilie, Take Good Care of Pikachu)
"Rīrie, Pikachū o kawaigatte agete ne" (リーリエ、ピカチュウをかわいがってあげてね)
June 15, 2017
September 9, 2017

As part of a class assignment, each of the students must take care of each other's Pokémon partner for the weekend. Pikachu gets to stay with Lillie at her mansion, and Lillie is determined to try and overcome her fear of getting close to Pokémon, so she uses Ash's methods to gain Pikachu's trust. At Lana's home, Turtonator is having trouble with her twin sisters, while Mallow also has problems with Togedemaru while working at her family restaurant. Sophocles's experiments with Steenee don't work out well, but he finds that Steenee can be a great night-time comfort. At his family's dairy farm, Kiawe assigns Popplio to work with his younger sister, Mimo, but he finds the water Pokémon to be a great problem-solver with the farm's Tauros. Snowy keeps giving Ash the cold shoulder but finally warms up to him when Ash includes Snowy in his Pokémon's training sessions.

973
966
"The Island Whisperer!" (Lychee Appears! Laugh and Cry, Island Queen!!)
"Raichi tōjō! Naitewaratte, shima kuīn!!" (ライチ登場！泣いて笑って、島クイーン！！)
June 22, 2017
September 16, 2017

Olivia, the Akala Island Kahuna, and her Lycanroc appear at the school just in time to stop a fight between Kiawe's Charizard and a Tauros. She completely wins over everybody's Pokémon including Litten. The class and Professor Kukui will be traveling to Akala Island for a special practical class under Olivia's supervision. On the way, they encounter various types of Sea Pokémon. After Ash and Pikachu join Olivia in an underwater swim, they find a Wailmer trapped in a rock crevice by a vicious Bruxish. Now they have to help the Wailmer and fend off the Bruxish at the same time.

974
967
"Treasure Hunt, Akala Style!" (Finding the Treasure! Mooland Searching!!)
"Otakara hakken! Mūrando sāchi!!" (お宝発見！ムーランドサーチ！！)
June 29, 2017
September 23, 2017

As part of Olivia's practical lesson on Akala Island, the gang are sent on treasure hunts across the island mounted on Stoutland, each of which reacts differently to its rider: Ash's Stoutland is extremely friendly and enthusiastic, Lana's Stoutland does not seem to like her, and Lillie has trouble even getting close to her Stoutland. In the first round, Ash finds three gemstones, Mallow finds giant mushrooms, Kiawe finds a large fossil, Lana and Sophocles find nothing and Lillie is still trying to approach her Stoutland. In the second round, Lana and Popplio run into a hostile Pokémon which is fought off by her Stoutland, an Alolan Geodude Ash mistakes for a fossil gets away when he tries to catch it, Mallow finds a giant fruit, Kiawe finds another fossil, Sophocles uses technology to find a piece of meteorite, and Lana finds a lump of metal that can be made into a Z-ring, making her the winner. At last, Lillie uses her experiences with Snowy and Pikachu to finally get close to her Stoutland.

975
968
"Big Sky, Small Fry!" (The Mighty Yowashi, Totem of the Lake!)
"Yowashi tsuyoshi, ike no nushi!" (ヨワシ強し、池のぬし！)
July 6, 2017
September 30, 2017

With no class today, Ash and Lana go Pokémon-fishing, but they may end up catching more than they bargained for since the lagoon they're fishing in may contain a water-type Totem Pokémon. If there is, then Lana is determined to battle it. Meanwhile, Kiawe takes the rest of the gang to visit his family's dairy farm (where they're more interested in sampling the produce then in helping him) and Team Rocket doesn't have much luck with their own Totem Pokémon-fishing, especially when it's interrupted by Bewear.

976
969
"A Crowning Moment of Truth!" (A Fiery Battle! Garagara Appears!!)
"Honō no batoru! Garagara arawaru!!" (炎のバトル！ガラガラあらわる！！)
July 20, 2017
October 7, 2017[7]

Satoshi and his friends go to the Wela Volcano Festival, where an Alolan Garagara appears and takes the "Wela Crown", which supposedly has the power to make Pokémon stronger. Satoshi and Kaki chase after it, which leads to a fierce battle between Garagara and Kaki's Bakugames in which, even when using a Z-move, Bakugames is defeated. Kaki is devastated and disheartened by the loss, but Satoshi and Bakugames encourage him. The next day, Kaki and Bakugames face Garagara in a rematch, but this time Bakugames wins. Garagara not only returns the crown but also decides to join Kaki as one of his Pokémon. Garagara develops a rivalry with Bakugames in the process.

977
970
"Currying Favor and Flavor!" (Curry-ficent Battle! The Lalantes Dance!!)
"Karē-na batoru! Rarantesu no mai!!" (カレーなバトル！ラランテスの舞！！)
July 27, 2017
October 14, 2017[7]

Lychee and Professor Kukui send the class out to find ingredients for Akalan Curry in groups of two. The team of Satoshi and Mao find their task more challenging than expected, especially in getting past angry Karikiris, an Alolan Parasect and an Alolan Digda. Their search for the final ingredient brings them face-to-face with a Totem Rarantesu. Satoshi and his Pokémon must now battle Rarantesu and its partner Powalen, but there may be more to this than meets the eye.

978
971
"Trials and Determinations!" (Lychee's Grand Trial! The Hardest Pokémon Match!!)
"Raichi no dai shiren! Ichiban Hādona Pokemon Shōbu!!" (ライチの大試練！一番ハードなポケモン勝負！！)
August 3, 2017
October 21, 2017[7]

The time has come for Satoshi, now armed with his new Grassium Z-crystal, to face Lychee in the Akala Island Grand Trial Challenge, and Iwanko wants to battle Lugarugan even before the Trial gets underway. This will be a Double Battle; Lychee brings out a Dainose to partner her Lugarugan, and Satoishi chooses Mokuroh to partner Iwanko. The battle is intense, with both Lychee and Satoshi using Z-moves. With Satoshi's new Grassium Z-move Bloom Shine Extra, Mokuroh defeats Dainose, but then the unthinkable happens: Iwanko wants to battle Lugarugan so fiercely on its own that it attacks Mokuroh without thinking when Satoshi orders Mokuroh to help Iwanko. Iwanko is horrified by what it's done, but Satoshi forgives and encourages his Pokémon, and Iwanko goes on to defeat Lugarugan. Lychee presents Satoshi with a Rockium Z-crystal, telling him that Iwanko may evolve soon, and Kapu-Tetefu appears to honor Satoshi and Iwanko.

979
972
"Rising from the Ruins!" (Iwanko and the Guardian Deity of the Ruins of Life!)
"Iwanko to inochi no iseki no mamorigami!" (イワンコといのちの遺跡の守り神！)
August 10, 2017
October 28, 2017[7]

Iwanko, now close to evolving, goes off on its own during the night and encounters the Akala Island guardian Kapu Tetefu. Iwanko battles Kapu Tetefu, but is easily defeated. Concerned for Iwanko, Satoshi and Pikachu chase after and find Iwanko, but Iwanko attacks Satoshi and, immediately shocked, runs away. The next day, everyone else joins in the search for Iwanko, including Lychee's Lugarugan. Iwanko, injured after falling into a river, is found by both Lychee's and Glazio's Lugarugan and brought to the Ruins of Life. Satoshi arrives with Lychee and Professor Kukui in time to stop the Island Guardian from battling the two Lugarugan. Kapu Tetefu then heals Iwanko, who then evolves into a Dusk Form Lugarugan.

980
973
"Mimikkyu's Disguise!"
"Mimikkyu no bake no kawa" (ミミッキュのばけのかわ！)
August 17, 2017
—

Satoshi and his friends have returned to Melemele Island, but Rocket-Dan is there to welcome them back by trying to steal Pikachu once again! When Satoshi's Rockium Z-move World's End Fall fails, Kaki's Firium Z-move sends Rocket-Dan blasting off; however, Kiteruguma fails to appear and Rocket-Dan crashes separately, with Musashi and Mimikkyu landing in a shopping mall. Mimikkyu's disguise has been badly damaged, so Musashi first devises a temporary disguise from a paper bag, then tries to find something new. While Kojiro, Nyabby and Sonans search for their missing partner, Satoshi and Lugarugan try to master World's End Fall. Musashi eventually repairs Mimikkyu's Pikachu disguise, but it is stolen by a flock of Yamikarasu who were actually after Musashi's donut. Kojiro, Nyabby and Sonans catch up to Musashi just as she retrieves both disguise and donut; the angry Yamikarasu return in force, but Mimikkyu resumes its Pikachu disguise and drives them off. Full of confidence in their closer bond, Musashi and Mimikkyu challenge Satoshi again. However, Satoshi and Lugarugan have mastered World's End Fall and send Rocket-Dan blasting off again, but this time Kiteruguma rescues them.

981
974
"Mao's Runaway from Home and Yareyūtan!"
"Iede no Mao to Yareyūtan" (家出のマオとヤレユータン！)
August 24, 2017
—

A television crew has come to Mao's family restaurant, outside of which Rocket-Dan has set up an unsuccessful competing food truck. However, when Mao's father overworks her and appears unappreciative of her efforts she loses her temper and runs off with Amamaiko in pursuit. Naturally, Rocket-Dan sees an opportunity and chases after them. When Mao knocks herself out in a fall, she is found and cared for by a Yareyūtan. While Mao's remorseful father and the gang search for Mao, Rocket-Dan captures Amamaiko, but Yareyūtan's psychic powers free Amamaiko and the two combined prove more than a match for Rocket-Dan. Kiteruguma appears, but it and Yareyūtan refuse to fight each other and Rocket-Dan is once again carried off. When Mao's father and the gang arrive, Abe recognizes Yareyūtan as his cooking teacher and he and Mao reconcile.

982
975
"Ashimari, Osyamari, and the Anch-gry Dadarin!"
"Ashimari, Osyamari, ikari no dadarin!" (アシマリ、オシャマリ、いかりのダダリン！)
August 31, 2017
—

Suiren and Ashimari have been practicing the Water-type Z-move Super Aqua Tornado, but so far with no success and Suiren is feeling discouraged. Satoshi, Suiren and Mao meet a performing Osyamari and its trainer Ia who possesses a Z-ring with a Waterium Z-crystal and can perform Super Aqua Tornado, and Suiren begs Ia to teach her. Ia and Osyamari are helping her friend Kanoa to search for a Mysterious Droplet that may be located in the wreck of a sunken ship and Satoshi, Suiren, Mao and their Pokémon join in to help, but when Rocket-Dan try to steal the Droplet they anger a Dadarin that's been living on the wreck and trick it into attacking Kanoa's boat. When Osyamari is knocked out and Dadarin creates a deadly whirlpool, Suiren and Ashimari master and use Super Aqua Tornado to defeat Dadarin. With everyone safe, Kanoa finds the Droplet and gives it to Ia.

983
976
"Dash! Dendimushi"
"Dasshu! Dendimushi" (ダッシュ！デンヂムシ)
September 7, 2017
—

Māmane enters a special race with a miniature car powered by his Dendimushi against other Dendimushi-powered cars. Satoshi and Kaki are keen to help, with Satoshi acting as the car's track partner and Kaki as mechanic. The problem is, Dendimushi can't seem to generate enough power to make its car run very fast, but it gets stronger and faster with all three Trainers' help. The day of the race, they find that they have a rival team with a flashy Dendimushi-car and a very arrogant attitude. Rocket-Dan has also entered the race, with Kojiro as track partner, Musashi as track spotter and Sonans/Hidoide supposedly as mechanic, and they have no intention of following the rules to win the prize, especially since their Dendimushi-car is a fake run by Nyarth inside it. The race is in three stages: 1) a rocky terrain, 2) a desert terrain and 3) an urban area, with obstacles in each area powered by a Pokémon; however, with Māmane as track spotter, some unorthodox moves and teamwork and Rocket-Dan's cheating exposed, Team Māmane puts up a good fight. Things look grim when Satoshi is knocked unconscious in the urban area, but Māmane takes over as track partner and he and Dendimushi bring in the victory.

984
977
"Kanto, Alola! Takeshi and Kasumi!!"
"Kantō de Arōra! Takeshi to Kasumi!!" (カントーでアローラ！タケシとカスミ！！)
September 14, 2017
—

Satoshi returns to Kanto with his friends, their Pokémon, Professor Kukui and Principal Ōkido as part of a special Pokémon school project about the differences between Kanto and Alolan Pokémon, and who should be waiting for him at the airport but Kasumi and Takeshi ... and Takeshi hasn't changed a bit as he both cares for Lilie's Shiron and then chases after a pretty flight attendant! Not only do old friends happily reunite, but the gang from Alola have a grand time with their Pokémon seeing and interacting with their Kanto counterparts at Professor Ōkido's lab: Satoshi's herd of Kentauros naturally stampede on him and he happily reunites with his Fushigidane and Betbeton; Kaki races a Gallop on his Ride Lizardon and then rides it; Mao and Amamaiko have an unfortunate interaction with a Kanto Ruffresia; Māmane and Togedemaru meet a Kanto Raichu with shocking results; Shiron meets a Kanto Kyukon; and Suiren and Ashimari meet a Kanto Jugon and then swim with Kasumi and other Water Pokémon. As Satoshi, Kasumi and Takeshi remember old times, it's great to see that some things haven't changed (Kasumi is still terrified of Bug Pokémon). Rocket-Dan have also returned to Kanto on orders, and their latest (and old-school) plot to steal everyone's Pokémon using a giant mechanical Nyarth reunites the original trio as battling partners including Satoshi's Lugarugan, Kasumi's Hitodeman and Takeshi's Crobat. However, the battle is once again interrupted by Kiteraguma (wearing a jet-pack!), and another old acquaintance, Purin, finishes things off in its usual fashion. The eventful day ends with a magnificent outdoor feast prepared by Hanako and Barri-chan ... spied upon by none other than Mew!

985
978
"Gym Battle! Z-Move VS Mega Evolution!!"
"Jimu batoru! Z-Waza tai Mega Shinka!!" (ジムバトル！Ｚワザ対メガシンカ！！)
September 21, 2017
—

While the previous day was all fun, the next day brings more interesting things for Satoshi and the Alolan visitors as they and their Pokémon travel to Kasumi's Gym in Hanada City. After explaining about Gym Battles and Pokémon Leagues, Professor Kukui announces that the class will be engaging in Gym Battles against Takeshi and Kasumi. After two mock battles (Mao, Amamaiko, Suiren and Asimari against Kasumi and Koduck and Lilie, Shiron, Māmane and Togedemaru against Takeshi and Isitsubute), real Gym Battles will now be fought: Kaki against Takeshi and Satoshi against Kasumi, but each battle is taken to a new level with Takeshi and Kasumi both revealing they have Key Stones and using Mega-Evolution. Kaki's Firium Z-Move Dynamic Full Flame proves useless against Takeshi's Mega-Evolved Haganeil and Bakugames is defeated, but Satoshi and Pikachu's unorthodox strategy and his Electrium Z-move Sparking Gigavolt defeat Kasumi's Mega-Evolved Gyarados.

986
979
"Satoshi and Hoshigumo! Strange Meetings!!"
"Satoshi to Hoshigumo! Fushigina deai!!" (サトシとほしぐも！不思議な出会い！！)
October 5, 2017
—

Satoshi and the gang have returned to Melemele Island. Just as things seem to be settling down to normal, Satoshi and Pikachu find a Cosmog which is nicknamed Hoshigumo. He asks his friends to help him care for Hoshigumo, with unfortunate results. Also, Lilie's mother Lusamine re-enters her daughter's life, but Lilie doesn't seem too happy about it.

987
980
"Hoshigumo Panic! A Sudden Teleport!!"
"Hoshigumo panikku! Terepōto wa totsuzen ni!!" (ほしぐもパニック！テレポートは突然に！！)
October 12, 2017[6]
—

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ The English episode numbers are based on their first airing in the United States in syndication on Disney XD. Other English-speaking nations largely follow either this order or the Japanese order.
^ Jump up to: a b These episodes were broadcast in the United States on December 5, 2016 as a sneak peek at the upcoming season, which had recently begun being broadcast in Japan. Previous sequences were broadcast on March 17, 2017.

tag: ol


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career free throw scoring leaders

question_text: who shot the most free throws in nba history

root

text: Free Throws Made Leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season free throws made.

tag: p

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration [2]

tag: table

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[3]
Total free throws
made
Total free throws
attempted
Free throw
percentage

1
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
PF
Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
9,787
13,188
.742

2
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
8,531
11,090
.769

3
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
8,378
10,011
.837

4
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
PG
Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)
7,694
9,185
.838

5
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
SG
Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
7,327
8,772
.835

6
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
7,201
8,189
.879

7
West, JerryJerry West*
PG/SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)
7,160
8,801
.814

8
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
6,918
8,578
.806

9
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
6,862
9,283
.739

10
Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley*
SF
Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977)
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)
Utah Jazz (1979–1986)
Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991)
6,832
8,351
.818

11
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[4]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
6,712
9,304
.721

Schayes, DolphDolph Schayes*
PF
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1949–1964)
7,904
.849

13
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
SG/PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009)
6,375
8,168
.780

14
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000)
6,349
8,643
.735

15
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
6,237
7,026
.888

16
Pettit, BobBob Pettit*
PF
Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)
6,182
8,119
.761

17
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
C
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)
6,057
11,862
.511

18
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
6,035
8,201
.736

19
Wilkins, DominiqueDominique Wilkins*
SF
Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Clippers (1994)
Boston Celtics (1994–1995)
San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)
Orlando Magic (1999)
6,031
7,438
.811

20
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
5,935
11,252
.527

21
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
5,900
7,268
.812

22
Duncan, TimTim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
5,896
8,468
.696

23
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
SF
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)
5,763
7,391
.780

24
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^
SG
Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)
5,543
7,230
.767

25
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[5]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
5,423
7,621
.712

26
Wilkens, LennyLenny Wilkens*
PG
St. Louis Hawks (1960–1968)
Seattle SuperSonics (1968–1972)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1972–1974)
Portland Trail Blazers (1974–1975)
5,394
6,973
.774

27
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
5,392
7,289
.740

28
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
SF
Boston Celtics (1962–1978)
5,369
6,589
.815

29
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
PF
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
Houston Rockets (1981–1984)
5,356
7,999
.670

30
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
5,294
6,000
.882

31
Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy*
C
Chicago Packers/Zephyrs//Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974)
5,113
8,088
.632

32
Walker, ChetChet Walker*
SF
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1962–1969)
Chicago Bulls (1969–1975)
5,079
6,384
.796

33
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
PF
San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
Utah Jazz (1993–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997)
5,066
6,274
.807

34
Arizin, PaulPaul Arizin*
SF
Philadelphia Warriors (1950–1962)
5,010
6,189
.810

35
Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
C
Orlando Magic (2004–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Houston Rockets (2013–2016)
Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)
Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)
5,005
8,837
.566

36
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1979–1991, 1996)
4,960
5,850
.848

37
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett†
PF
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
4,887
6,190
.789

38
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
SG
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012–present)
4,850
5,678
.854

39
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
4,788
5,796
.826

40
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
4,782
5,987
.799

41
Howell, BaileyBailey Howell*
SF
Detroit Pistons (1959–1964)
Baltimore Bullets (1964–1966)
Boston Celtics (1966–1970)
Philadelphia 76ers (1970–1971)
4,740
6,224
.762

42
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
4,727
6,271
.754

43
Free, World B.World B. Free[6]
PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1975–1978, 1987)
San Diego Clippers (1978–1980)
Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1982–1986)
Houston Rockets (1987–1988)
4,718
6,264
.753

44
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
SG
Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)
4,698
5,962
.788

45
Archibald, NateNate Archibald*
PG
Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City(-Omaha) Kings (1970–1976)
New York Nets (1976–1977)
Boston Celtics (1978–1983)
Milwaukee Bucks (1983–1984)
4,664
5,760
.810

46
Theus, ReggieReggie Theus
SG
Chicago Bulls (1978–1984)
Kansas City/Sacramento Kings (1984–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1989)
Orlando Magic (1989–1990)
New Jersey Nets (1990–1991)
4,663
5,644
.826

47
Stackhouse, JerryJerry Stackhouse
SG
Philadelphia 76ers (1995–1997)
Detroit Pistons (1997–2002)
Washington Wizards (2002–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2009)
Milwaukee Bucks (2010)
Miami Heat (2010)
Atlanta Hawks (2011–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2013)
4,649
5,659
.822

48
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
PG
Boston Celtics (1950–1963)
Cincinnati Royals (1970)
4,624
5,756
.803

49
Maggette, CoreyCorey Maggette
SF
Orlando Magic (1999–2000)
Los Angeles Clippers (2000–2008)
Golden State Warriors (2008–2010)
Milwaukee Bucks (2010–2011)
Charlotte Bobcats (2011–2012)
Detroit Pistons (2012)
4,605
5,599
.822

50
Greer, HalHal Greer*
SG
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973)
4,578
5,717
.801

text: Progressive List of Career Free Throw Leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of free throw scoring leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]

text:
Team Abbreviations
Team listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SAC
Sacramento Kings

BUF
Buffalo Braves
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SDC
San Diego Clippers

CHI
Chicago Bulls
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CIN
Cincinnati Royals
LAC
Los Angeles Clippers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
STL
St. Louis Hawks

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHO
Phoenix Suns
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
MIA
Miami Heat
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors
TOR
Toronto Raptors

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
POR
Portland Trail Blazers
UTA
Utah Jazz

DET
Detroit Pistons
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs
WSB
Washington Bullets

text:
Free Throw Leader at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-Year
FT
Active Player
FT
Career Record
FT
Single Season Record
FT
Season

1946–47
Joe Fulks*000PHW
439
Joe Fulks*000PHW
439
Joe Fulks*000PHW
439
Joe Fulks*000PHW
439
1946–47

1947–48
297
736
736
1947–48

1948–49
George Mikan*000MNL
532
1,238
1,238
George Mikan*000MNL
532
1948–49

1949–50
567
1,531
1,531
567
1949–50

1950–51
576
1,909
1,909
576
1950–51

1951–52
Paul Arizin*000PHW
578
2,159
2,159
Paul Arizin*000PHW
578
1951–52

1952–53
Neil Johnston*000PHW
556
George Mikan*000MNL
2,550
George Mikan*000MNL
2,550
1952–53

1953–54
577
2,974
2,974
1953–54

1954–55
589
Ed Macauley*000BOS
2,703
Neil Johnston*000PHW
589
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
557
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
3,206
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
3,206
1955–56

1956–57
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
625
3,831
3,831
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
625
1956–57

1957–58
George Yardley*000DET
655
4,460
4,460
George Yardley*000DET
655
1957–58

1958–59
Bob Pettit*000STL
667
4,986
4,986
Bob Pettit*000STL
667
1958–59

1959–60
Jack Twyman*000CIN
598
5,519
5,519
1959–60

1960–61
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
680
6,199
6,199
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
680
1960–61

1961–62
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
835
6,485
6,485
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
835
1961–62

1962–63
Bob Pettit*000STL
685
6,666
6,666
1962–63

1963–64
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
800
6,712
6,712
1963–64

1964–65
665
Bob Pettit*000STL
6,182
1964–65

1965–66
Jerry West*000LAL
840
Oscar Robertson*
000CIN 1965–70
000MIL 1970–74
4,174
Jerry West*000LAL
840
1965–66

1966–67
Rick Barry*000SFW
753
4,910
1966–67

1967–68
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
576
5,486
1967–68

1968–69
643
6,129
1968–69

1969–70
Jerry West*000LAL
647
6,583
1969–70

1970–71
Dave Bing*000DET
615
6,968
Oscar Robertson*000MIL
6,968
1970–71

1971–72
Tiny Archibald*0CIN
000KCO 1972–73
677
7,244
7,244
1971–72

1972–73
663
7,482
7,482
1972–73

1973–74
Gail Goodrich*000LAL
508
7,694
7,694
1973–74

1974–75
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
652
Lenny Wilkens*000POR
5,394
1974–75

1975–76
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
559
John Havlicek*000BOS
4,904
1975–76

1976–77
Pete Maravich*000NOJ
501
5,139
1976–77

1977–78
Adrian Dantley*000LAL
541
5,369
1977–78

1978–79
World B. Free000SDC
654
Gail Goodrich*000NOJ
4,319
1978–79

1979–80
572
Elvin Hayes*
000WSB 1979–81
000HOU 1981–83
4,523
1979–80

1980–81
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
632
4,794
1980–81

1981–82
648
5,074
1981–82

1982–83
Moses Malone*000PHI
600
5,270
1982–83

1983–84
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
813
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
5,515
1983–84

1984–85
Moses Malone*000PHI
737
5,804
1984–85

1985–86
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
630
6,140
1985–86

1986–87
Michael Jordan*000CHI
833
6,385
1986–87

1987–88
723
Moses Malone*
000WSB 1987–88
000ATL 1988–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
6,636
1987–88

1988–89
Karl Malone*000UTA
703
7,197
1988–89

1989–90
696
7,690
1989–90

1990–91
684
7,999
Moses Malone*
000ATL 1990–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
7,999
1990–91

1991–92
673
8,395
8,395
1991–92

1992–93
619
8,419
8,419
1992–93

1993–94
David Robinson*000SAS
693
8,509
8,509
1993–94

1994–95
656
8,531
8,531
1994–95

1995–96
626
Karl Malone*
000UTA 1995–2003
000LAL 2003–04
5,984
1995–96

1996–97
Karl Malone*000UTA
521
6,505
1996–97

1997–98
628
7,133
1997–98

1998–99
378
7,511
1998–99

1999–00
Jerry Stackhouse000DET
618
8,100
1999–00

2000–01
666
8,636
Karl Malone*
000UTA 2000–2003
000LAL 2003–04
8,636
2000–01

2001–02
Tim Duncan†000SAS
560
9,145
9,145
2001–02

2002–03
Paul Pierce†000BOS
604
9,619
9,619
2002–03

2003–04
Corey Maggette000LAC
526
9,787
9,787
2003–04

2004–05
Allen Iverson*000PHI
656
Reggie Miller*000IND
6,237
2004–05

2005–06
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
696
Shaquille O'Neal*000MIA
5,147
2005–06

2006–07
667
Allen Iverson*
000PHI 2006
000DEN 2006–08
000DET 2008–09
5,355
2006–07

2007–08
Allen Iverson*00DEN
645
6,000
2007–08

2008–09
LeBron James^000CLE
594
6,271
2008–09

2009–10
Kevin Durant^000OKC
756
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
6,543
2009–10

2010–11

Kevin Durant^00OKC
Kevin Martin†00HOU

594
7,026
2010–11

2011–12
Kevin Durant^000OKC
431
7,407
2011–12

2012–13
679
7,932
2012–13

2013–14
703
7,950
2013–14

2014–15
James Harden^000HOU
715
8,146
2014–15

2015–16
720
8,378
2015–16

2016–17
746
Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL
7,104
2016–17

2017-18
624
7,201
Jerry West* 53 years
840
2017-18

Season
Year-by-Year
FT
Active Player
FT
Career Record
FT
Single Season Record
FT
Season


document_title: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

question_text: where did bruno live in the boy in the striped pajamas

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

text:
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
UK first edition book coverAuthor
John BoyneCountry
IrelandLanguage
EnglishGenre
Historical / post modernPublisher
David Fickling BooksPublication date
5 January 2006Media type
Print (hard cover & paper back)Pages
216ISBN
0-385-60940-XOCLC
62132588Dewey Decimal
823.914 22LC Class
CS 2006/45764

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2006[1] Holocaust novel by Irish novelist John Boyne. Unlike the months of planning Boyne devoted to his other books, he said that he wrote the entire first draft of  The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas in two and a half days, barely sleeping until he got to the end.[1] As of March 2010, the novel had sold more than five million copies around the world.[2]  In both 2007 and 2008, it was the best selling book of the year in Spain, and it has also reached number one on the New York Times bestseller list,[3] as well as in the UK, Ireland, and Australia.[not verified in body] The book was adapted in 2008 as a film of the same name.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to "Out-With" because of the orders of "The Fury" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz)[4] and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on this side of the fence, but he is separated from his mother. Bruno and Shmuel talk and become very good friends, although Bruno still does not understand very much about Shmuel and his side of the fence. Nearly every day, unless it's raining, Bruno goes to see Shmuel and sneaks him food. As the meetings go on, and Shmuel gets more and more skinny, Bruno's naïveté is proved, as he never realizes he is living beside a concentration camp.

text: When lice eggs are discovered in Bruno's hair he is forced to get all of his hair shaved off. Bruno comments that he looks like Shmuel, and Shmuel agrees, except that Bruno is fatter. Bruno's mother eventually persuades his father to take them back to Berlin and stay at Out-With without them.

text: The next day Bruno concocts a plan with Shmuel to sneak into the camp to look for Shmuel's father. Shmuel brings a set of prison clothes (which look to Bruno like striped pyjamas), and Bruno leaves his own clothes outside the fence. As they search the camp, both children are rounded up along with a group of prisoners on a "march". They are forced to remove their clothing and are led into a gas chamber. In the gas chamber, Bruno apologizes to Shmuel for not finding his father and tells Shmuel that he is Bruno's best friend for life. Shmuel does not answer, as at that moment the door of the gas chamber is closed, it becomes dark, and all is chaos.

text: Critics' reviews[edit]

text: Kathryn Hughes, writing in The Guardian, calls the novel "a small wonder of a book". While she comments on "the oddness of Auschwitz security being so lax that a child prisoner could make a weekly date with the commandant's son without anyone noticing", she describes the novel as "something that borders on fable", arguing that "Bruno's innocence comes to stand for the willful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their noses".[5]

text: Nicholas Tucker, writing in The Independent, calls the novel "a fine addition to a once taboo area of history, at least where children's literature is concerned. It provides an account of a dreadful episode short on actual horror but packed with overtones that remain in the imagination. Plainly and sometimes archly written, it stays just ahead of its readers before delivering its killer punch in the final pages."[6]

text: Ed Wright, writing in The Age of Melbourne, calls the novel "a touching tale of an odd friendship between two boys in horrendous circumstances and a reminder of man's capacity for inhumanity." He felt that "Bruno's friendship with Shmuel is rendered with neat awareness of the paradoxes between children's naive egocentricity, their innate concept of fairness, familial loyalty and obliviousness to the social conventions of discrimination." He concludes by observing that "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is subtitled A Fable and, as in other modern fables such as Antoine de St Exupery's The Little Prince, Boyne uses Bruno to reveal the flaws in an adult world."[7]

text: A.O. Scott, writing in The New York Times, questioned the author and publisher's choice to intentionally keep the Holocaust setting of the book vague in both the dust jacket summary and the early portion of the novel, writing: "Boyne’s reluctance to say as much can certainly be defended, not least on the grounds that the characters in a story about the Holocaust are themselves most likely unaware of the scale and historical importance of their experiences. To recreate those experiences faithfully might require undoing some of the readers’ preconceptions." However Scott felt this undermined the work, saying: "A young reader who knows little or nothing about the mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis will not know much more after reading “The Boy in the Striped Pajamas,” while one who has read other books on the topic — Jerry Spinelli’s “Milkweed,” say, or Anne Frank’s diary — may be irritated by the book’s evasions and euphemisms. There is something awkward about the way Boyne manages to disguise, and then to disclose, the historical context." Scott concludes that "To mold the Holocaust into an allegory, as Boyne does here with perfectly benign intent, is to step away from its reality."[8]

text: Rabbi Benjamin Blech offered a historical criticism, contending that the premise of the book and subsequent film – that there could be a child of Shmuel's age in Auschwitz – was impossible, writing of the book: "Note to the reader: There were no 9-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz – the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work."[9] Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is "not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation".  Blech acknowledges the objection that a "fable" need not be factually accurate; he counters that the book trivializes the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the "myth that those [...] not directly involved can claim innocence", and thus undermines its moral authority.  Students who read it, he warns, may believe the camps "weren't that bad" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of "the constant presence of death".[10]

text: Holocaust scholar Henry Gonashk rebuts Blech's historical contention in his book "Hollywood and the Holocaust", writing that "The rabbi found implausible Shmuel's very existence in the camp," but stating that "Blech is factually incorrect. In fact, there were male (though apparently not female) children at Auschwitz. In 1944, for example, according to the Nazis' meticulous records, there were 619 male children at the camp, ranging in age from one month to fourteen years old. Some of the boys were employed by the Nazis as camp messengers, while others were simply kept around as mascots and curiosities. Probably some of these children were sexually abused by the guards. Of course, thousands of other children at Auschwitz (including all the girls who arrived at the camp) were gassed."[11]


document_title: United States Department of Homeland Security

question_text: the main agency under the department of homeland security that is responsible for border security is

question_tokens: the main agency under the department of homeland security that is responsible for border security is

text: United States Department of Homeland Security

text: Function[edit]

text: Whereas the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism.[7] On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service falls under the National Protection and Programs Directorate.

text: Structure[edit]

text: The Department of Homeland Security is headed by the Secretary of Homeland Security with the assistance of the Deputy Secretary. The Department contains the components listed below.[8]

text:
Subordinate agency

Title of head or leader

Incumbent

Citizenship & Immigration Services Ombudsman

Director

Julie Kirchner

Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office

Assistant Secretary

James F. McDonnell

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Administrator

Brock Long

Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers

Director

Thomas J. Walters[9]

Federal Protective Service

Director

Eric L. Patterson

Management Directorate

Under Secretary

Claire Grady

National Protection and Programs Directorate

Acting Under Secretary

Christopher Krebs

Office for Civil Rights & Civil Liberties

Officer

Cameron Quinn

Office of General Counsel

Acting General Counsel

Joseph Maher

Office of Intelligence and Analysis

Under Secretary

David Glawe

Office of Legislative Affairs

Acting Assistant Secretary

David Wonnenberg

Office of Operations Coordination

Director

Richard M. Chávez[10]

Office of Partnership & Engagement

Acting Assistant Secretary

John Barsa

Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans

Acting Under Secretary

Ambassador James D. Nealon

Office of Public Affairs

Assistant Secretary

Jonathan Rath Hoffman

Office of the Inspector General

Acting Inspector General

John V. Kelly

Privacy Office

Chief Privacy Officer/Chief FOIA Officer

Philip S. Kaplan

Science & Technology Directorate

Acting Under Secretary

William Bryan

Transportation Security Administration

Administrator

David Pekoske

United States Citizenship and Immigration Services

Director

Lee Cissna

United States Coast Guard

Commandant

Admiral Karl L. Schultz[11]

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Commissioner

Kevin McAleenan[12]

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Acting Director

Ronald Vitiello[13]

United States Secret Service

Director

Randolph Alles[14]

text:
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services: Processes and examines citizenship, residency, and asylum requests from aliens.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Law enforcement agency that enforces U.S. laws along its international borders (air, land, and sea) including its enforcement of U.S. immigration, customs, and agriculture laws while at and patrolling between all U.S. ports-of-entry.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement: Law enforcement agency divided into two bureaus:

tag: ul

text:
An agency that enforces U.S. laws while it investigates and gathers intelligence on national and international criminal activities that threaten the security of the homeland (Homeland Security Investigations); and
An agency that investigates violations of the Immigration and Nationality Act and enforces the detention, deportation, and removal of violators of United States immigration law (Enforcement and Removal Operations).

text:
Transportation Security Administration: Responsible for aviation security (domestic and international, most notably conducting passenger screenings at airports), as well as land and water transportation security
United States Coast Guard: Military service responsible for law enforcement, maritime security, national defense, maritime mobility, and protection of natural resources.[15]
United States Secret Service: Law enforcement agency tasked with two distinct and critical national security missions:

text:
Investigative Mission – The investigative mission of the USSS is to safeguard the payment and financial systems of the United States from a wide range of financial and electronic-based crimes.
Protective Mission – The protective mission of the USSS is to ensure the safety of the President of the United States, the Vice President of the United States, their immediate families, and foreign heads of state.

text: Federal Emergency Management Agency: agency that oversees the federal government's response to natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, forest fires, etc.

text: (Passports for U.S. citizens are issued by the United States Department of State, not the Department of Homeland Security.)

text: Advisory groups:

text:
Homeland Security Advisory Council: State and local government, first responders, private sector, and academics
National Infrastructure Advisory Council: Advises on security of public and private information systems
Homeland Security Science and Technology Advisory Committee: Advise the Under Secretary for Science and Technology.
Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council: Coordinate infrastructure protection with private sector and other levels of government
Interagency Coordinating Council on Emergency Preparedness and Individuals with Disabilities
Task Force on New Americans: "An inter-agency effort to help immigrants learn English, embrace the common core of American civic culture, and become fully American."

text: Other components:

text:
Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office: Counter attempts by terrorists or other threat actors to carry out an attack against the United States or its interests using a weapon of mass destruction. Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen established the CWMD Office in December 2017 by consolidating primarily the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office and a majority of the Office of Health Affairs, as well as other DHS elements.
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center: Interagency law enforcement training facilities located in Georgia, New Mexico, and South Carolina.
National Protection and Programs Directorate: risk-reduction, encompassing both physical and virtual threats and their associated human elements.
Federal Protective Service: Federal law enforcement and security agency that protects and investigates crimes against U.S. federal buildings, properties, assets, and federal government interests.
National Communications System
Directorate for Science and Technology: Research and development
Directorate for Management: Responsible for internal budgets, accounting, performance monitoring, and human resources
Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans: Long-range policy planning and coordination
Office of Immigration Statistics
Office of Intelligence and Analysis: Identify and assess threats based on intelligence from various agencies
Office of Operations Coordination: Monitor domestic security situation on a daily basis, coordinate activities with state and local authorities and private sector infrastructure
Office of the Secretary includes the Privacy Office, Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Office of Inspector General, Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman, Office of Legislative Affairs, Office of the General Counsel, Office of Public Affairs, Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement (CNE), Office of the Executive Secretariat (ESEC), and the Military Advisor's Office.
National Cybersecurity Center

text: In an August 5, 2002 speech, President Bush said: "We're fighting ... to secure freedom in the homeland."[16] Prior to the creation of DHS, American presidents had referred to the U.S. as "the nation" or "the republic", and to its internal policies as "domestic".[17] Also unprecedented was the use, from 2002, of the phrase "the homeland" by White House spokespeople.[17]

text: National Terrorism Advisory System[edit]

text: In 2011, the Department of Homeland Security phased out the old Homeland Security Advisory System, replacing it with a two-level National Terrorism Advisory System. The system has two types of advisories: Alerts and Bulletins. NTAS Bulletins permit the Secretary to communicate critical terrorism information that, while not necessarily indicative of a specific threat against the United States, can reach homeland security partners or the public quickly, thereby allowing recipients to implement necessary protective measures. Alerts are issued when there is specific and credible information of a terrorist threat against the United States. Alerts themselves have two levels: Elevated and Imminent. An Elevated Alert is issued when there is credible information about an attack but only general information about timing or a target. An Imminent Alert is issued when the threat is very specific and impending in the very near term.

text: On March 12, 2002, the Homeland Security Advisory System, a color-coded terrorism risk advisory scale, was created as the result of a Presidential Directive to provide a "comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people." Many procedures at government facilities are tied into the alert level; for example a facility may search all entering vehicles when the alert is above a certain level. Since January 2003, it has been administered in coordination with DHS; it has also been the target of frequent jokes and ridicule on the part of the administration's detractors about its ineffectiveness. After resigning, Tom Ridge stated that he did not always agree with the threat level adjustments pushed by other government agencies.[18]

text: In January 2003, the office[clarification needed] was merged into the Department of Homeland Security and the White House Homeland Security Council, both of which were created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Homeland Security Council, similar in nature to the National Security Council, retains a policy coordination and advisory role and is led by the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security.[19]

text: As of January 13, 2011, the DHS advised the American public of an 'elevated national threat' level, recommending that all Americans 'should establish an emergency preparedness kit and emergency plan for themselves and their family, and stay informed about what to do during an emergency'.[20]

text: History[edit]

text: Creation[edit]

text: In response to the September 11 attacks, President George W. Bush announced the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security (OHS) to coordinate "homeland security" efforts. The office was headed by former Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge, who assumed the title of Assistant to the President for Homeland Security. The official announcement stated:

text:
“

The mission of the Office will be to develop and coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to secure the United States from terrorist threats or attacks. The Office will coordinate the executive branch's efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the United States.[19]

”

text: Ridge began his duties as OHS director on October 8, 2001.

text: According to Peter Andreas, a border theorist, the creation of DHS constituted the most significant government reorganization since the Cold War,[21] and the most substantial reorganization of federal agencies since the National Security Act of 1947, which placed the different military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency. DHS also constitutes the most diverse merger of federal functions and responsibilities, incorporating 22 government agencies into a single organization.[22]

text: The Department of Homeland Security was established on November 25, 2002, by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. It was intended to consolidate U.S. executive branch organizations related to "homeland security" into a single Cabinet agency. The following 22 agencies were incorporated into the new department:[23]

text:
Original agency
Original department
New agency or office after transfer

U.S. Customs Service
Treasury
U.S. Customs and Border ProtectionU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Immigration and Naturalization Service
Justice
U.S. Customs and Border ProtectionU.S. Immigration and Customs EnforcementU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Federal Protective Service
General Services Administration
National Protection and Programs Directorate

Transportation Security Administration
Transportation
Transportation Security Administration

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
Treasury
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(part)
Agriculture
U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Federal Emergency Management Agency
none
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Strategic National StockpileNational Disaster Medical System
Health and Human Services
Returned to HHS, July, 2004

Nuclear Incident Response Team
Energy
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA

Domestic Emergency Support Team
Justice
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA

Center for Domestic Preparedness
Justice (FBI)
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA

CBRN Countermeasures Programs
Energy
Science & Technology Directorate

Environmental Measurements Laboratory
Energy
Science & Technology Directorate

National Biological WarfareDefense Analysis Center
Defense
Science & Technology Directorate

Plum Island Animal Disease Center
Agriculture
Science & Technology Directorate

Federal Computer Incident Response Center
General Services Administration
US-CERT, Office of Cybersecurity and CommunicationsNational Programs and Predaredness Directorate

National Communications System
Defense
Office of Cybersecurity and CommunicationsNational Programs and Predaredness Directorate

National Infrastructure Protection Center
Justice (FBI)
Office of Operations CoordinationOffice of Infrastructure Protection

Energy Security and Assurance Program
Energy
Office of Infrastructure Protection

U.S. Coast Guard
Transportation
U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Secret Service
Treasury
U.S. Secret Service

text: Prior to the signing of the bill, controversy about its adoption centered on whether the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency should be incorporated in part or in whole (neither were included). The bill was also controversial for the presence of unrelated "riders", as well as for eliminating certain union-friendly civil service and labor protections for department employees. Without these protections, employees could be expeditiously reassigned or dismissed on grounds of security, incompetence or insubordination, and DHS would not be required to notify their union representatives.

text: The plan stripped 180,000 government employees of their union rights.[24] In 2002, Bush officials argued that the September 11 attacks made the proposed elimination of employee protections imperative.[25]

text: Congress ultimately passed the Homeland Security Act of 2002 without the union-friendly measures, and President Bush signed the bill into law on November 25, 2002. It was the largest U.S. government reorganization in the 50 years since the United States Department of Defense was created.

text: Tom Ridge was named secretary on January 24, 2003 and began naming his chief deputies. DHS officially began operations on January 24, 2003, but most of the department's component agencies were not transferred into the new Department until March 1.[19]

text: After establishing the basic structure of DHS and working to integrate its components and get the department functioning, Ridge announced his resignation on November 30, 2004, following the re-election of President Bush. Bush initially nominated former New York City Police Department commissioner Bernard Kerik as his successor, but on December 10, Kerik withdrew his nomination, citing personal reasons and saying it "would not be in the best interests" of the country for him to pursue the post.

text: Changes under Michael Chertoff[edit]

text: On January 11, 2005, President Bush nominated federal judge Michael Chertoff to succeed Ridge. Chertoff was confirmed on February 15, 2005, by a vote of 98–0 in the U.S. Senate. He was sworn in the same day.[19]

text: In February 2005, DHS and the Office of Personnel Management issued rules relating to employee pay and discipline for a new personnel system named MaxHR. The Washington Post said that the rules would allow DHS "to override any provision in a union contract by issuing a department-wide directive" and would make it "difficult, if not impossible, for unions to negotiate over arrangements for staffing, deployments, technology and other workplace matters."[25]

text: In August 2005, U.S. District Judge Rosemary M. Collyer blocked the plan on the grounds that it did not ensure collective-bargaining rights for DHS employees.[25]

text:
A federal appeals court ruled against DHS in 2006; pending a final resolution to the litigation, Congress's fiscal year 2008 appropriations bill for DHS provided no funding for the proposed new personnel system.[25]
DHS announced in early 2007 that it was retooling its pay and performance system and retiring the name "MaxHR".[19]

text: In a February 2008 court filing, DHS said that it would no longer pursue the new rules, and that it would abide by the existing civil service labor-management procedures. A federal court issued an order closing the case.[25]

text: Seal[edit]

text: A DHS press release dated June 6, 2003[26] explains the seal as follows:

text: The seal is symbolic of the Department's mission – to prevent attacks and protect Americans – on the land, in the sea and in the air. In the center of the seal, a graphically styled white American eagle appears in a circular blue field. The eagle's outstretched wings break through an inner red ring into an outer white ring that contains the words "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF" in the top half and "HOMELAND SECURITY" in the bottom half in a circular placement. The eagle's wings break through the inner circle into the outer ring to suggest that the Department of Homeland Security will break through traditional bureaucracy and perform government functions differently. In the tradition of the Great Seal of the United States, the eagle's talon on the left holds an olive branch with 13 leaves and 13 seeds while the eagle's talon on the right grasps 13 arrows.

text: Centered on the eagle's breast is a shield divided into three sections containing elements that represent the American homeland – air, land, and sea. The top element, a dark blue sky, contains 22 stars representing the original 22 entities that have come together to form the department. The left shield element contains white mountains behind a green plain underneath a light blue sky. The right shield element contains four wave shapes representing the oceans alternating light and dark blue separated by white lines.

text: The seal was developed with input from senior DHS leadership, employees, and the U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The Ad Council – which partners with DHS on its Ready.gov campaign – and the consulting company Landor Associates were responsible for graphic design and maintaining heraldic integrity.

text: Headquarters[edit]

text: Since its inception, the department has had its temporary headquarters in Washington, D.C.'s Nebraska Avenue Complex, a former naval facility. The 38-acre (15 ha) site, across from American University, has 32 buildings comprising 566,000 square feet (52,600 m2) of administrative space.[27] In early 2007, the Department submitted a $4.1 billion plan to Congress to consolidate its 60-plus Washington-area offices into a single headquarters complex at the St. Elizabeths Hospital campus in Anacostia, Southeast Washington, D.C. The earliest DHS would begin moving to St. Elizabeths is 2012.[28]

text:
The move is being championed by District of Columbia officials because of the positive economic impact it will have on historically depressed Anacostia. The move has been criticized by historic preservationists, who claim the revitalization plans will destroy dozens of historic buildings on the campus.[29] Community activists have criticized the plans because the facility will remain walled off and have little interaction with the surrounding area.[30]
On January 8, 2009, the National Capital Planning Commission approved the Department of Homeland Security's plans to move into the campus of St. Elizabeths Hospital.[31]
In February 2015 the General Services Administration said that the site would open in 2021.[32]

text: Disaster preparedness and response[edit]

text: Congressional budgeting effects[edit]

text: During a Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee hearing on the reauthorization of DHS, Elaine Duke, deputy secretary of DHS, said there is a weariness and anxiety within DHS about the repeated congressional efforts to agree to a long-term spending plan, which has resulted in several threats to shutdown the federal government. "Shutdowns are disruptive," Duke said. She said the "repeated failure on a longtime spending plan resulting in short-term continuing resolutions (CRs) has caused “angst” among the department’s 240,000 employees in the weeks leading up to the CRs."[33] The uncertainty about funding hampers DHS’s ability to pursue major projects and it takes away attention and manpower from important priorities. Seventy percent of DHS employees are considered essential and are not furloughed during government shutdowns.[33]

text: Ready.gov[edit]

text: Soon after the formation of Department of Homeland Security, the department worked with the Ad Council to launch the Ready Campaign, a national public service advertising (PSA) campaign to educate and empower Americans to prepare for and respond to emergencies including natural and man-made disasters. With pro bono creative support from the Martin Agency of Richmond, Virginia, the campaign website "Ready.gov" and materials were conceived in March 2002 and launched in February 2003, just before the launch of the Iraq War.[34][35][36] One of the first announcements that garnered widespread public attention to this campaign was one by Tom Ridge in which he stated that in the case of a chemical attack, citizens should use duct tape and plastic sheeting to build a homemade bunker, or "sheltering in place" to protect themselves.[37][38] As a result, the sales of duct tape skyrocketed and DHS was criticized for being too alarmist.[39]

text: On March 1, 2003, the Federal Emergency Management Agency was absorbed into the DHS, and in fall of 2008, took over coordination of the campaign. The Ready Campaign and its Spanish language version Listo.gov asks individuals to do three things: build an emergency supply kit,[40] make a family emergency plan[41] and be informed about the different types of emergencies that can occur and how to respond.[42] The campaign messages have been promoted through television, radio, print, outdoor and web PSAs,[43] as well as brochures, toll-free phone lines and the English and Spanish language websites Ready.gov and Listo.gov.

text: The general campaign aims to reach all Americans, but targeted resources are also available via "Ready Business" for small- to medium-sized business  and "Ready Kids" for parents and teachers of children ages 8–12. In 2015, the campaign also launched a series of PSAs to help the whole community,[44] people with disabilities and others with access and functional needs prepare for emergencies, which included open captioning, a certified deaf interpreter and audio descriptions for viewers who are blind or have low vision.[45]

text: National Incident Management System[edit]

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text: On March 1, 2004, the National Incident Management System (NIMS) was created. The stated purpose was to provide a consistent incident management approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments. Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, all federal departments were required to adopt the NIMS and to use it in their individual domestic incident management and emergency prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation program and activities.

text: National Response Framework[edit]

text: In December 2004, the National Response Plan (NRP) was created, in an attempt to align federal coordination structures, capabilities, and resources into a unified, all-discipline, and all-hazards approach to domestic incident management. The NRP was built on the template of the NIMS.

text: On January 22, 2008, the National Response Framework was published in the Federal Register as an updated replacement of the NRP, effective March 22, 2008.

text: Surge Capacity Force[edit]

text: The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act directs the DHS Secretary to designate employees from throughout the Department to staff a Surge Capacity Force (SCF). During a declared disaster, the DHS Secretary will determine if SCF support is necessary. The Secretary will then authorize FEMA to task and deploy designated personnel from DHS components and other Federal Executive Agencies to respond to extraordinary disasters.[46]

text: Cyber-security[edit]

text: The DHS National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) is responsible for the response system, risk management program, and requirements for cyber-security in the U.S. The division is home to US-CERT operations and the National Cyber Alert System.[47][48] The DHS Science and Technology Directorate helps government and private end-users transition to new cyber-security capabilities. This directorate also funds the Cyber Security Research and Development Center, which identifies and prioritizes research and development for NCSD.[48] The center works on the Internet's routing infrastructure (the SPRI program) and Domain Name System (DNSSEC), identity theft and other online criminal activity (ITTC), Internet traffic and networks research (PREDICT datasets and the DETER testbed), Department of Defense and HSARPA exercises (Livewire and Determined Promise), and wireless security in cooperation with Canada.[49]

text: On October 30, 2009, DHS opened the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center. The center brings together government organizations responsible for protecting computer networks and networked infrastructure.[50]

text: In January 2017, DHS officially designated state-run election systems as critical infrastructure. The designation made it easier for state and local election officials to get cybersecurity help from the federal government. In October 2017, DHS convened a Government Coordinating Council (GCC) for the Election Infrastructure Subsection with representatives from various state and federal agencies such as the Election Assistance Commission and National Association of Secretaries of State.[51]

text: Expenditures[edit]

text:
In the United States Federal Budget for 2010, entitled 'A New Era of Responsibility', the DHS was allocated a discretionary budget of $42.7 billion (financial year 2009: $40.1 billion).[52] The end-of-year
DHS Annual Financial Report for financial year 2010 showed a net cost of operations of $56.4 billion (FY 2009, restated: $49.9 billion), out of total budgetary resources of $83.2 billion (FY 2009, restated: $85.2 billion).[53] The components with the highest net cost were US Coast Guard ($12.1 billion), U.S. Customs and Border Protection ($11.6 billion), and Federal Emergency Management Agency ($10.5 billion).[53] Revenues of $10.4 billion were generated in the year (FY 2009, restated: $9.8 billion).[53]

text: According to the Washington Post, "DHS has given $31 billion in grants since 2003 to state and local governments for homeland security and to improve their ability to find and protect against terrorists, including $3.8 billion in 2010."[54]

text: Audit of expenditures[edit]

text: The DHS independent auditor is KPMG, one of the Big Four audit firms.[55] Due to the level of material weaknesses identified, KPMG was unable to audit the DHS financial statements for FY 2010.[55] KPMG was unable to express an audit opinion on the FY 2009,[56] FY 2008,[57] FY 2007,[58] FY 2005,[59] and FY 2003[60] financial statements. Attempts to access the reports for FY 2006 and FY 2004 within the 'information for citizens' portal met with a 404 error.[61] The Message from the DHS Chief Financial Officer in the FY 2010 report states 'This Annual Financial Report (AFR) is our principal financial statement of accountability to the President, Congress and the American public. The AFR gives a comprehensive view of the Department's financial activities and demonstrates the Department's stewardship of taxpayer dollars.'[62] The Message from the DHS Chief Financial Officer concludes 'I am extremely proud of the Department's accomplishments ... we will continue to build upon our successes.'[62] The Secretary of Homeland Security endorsed this message saying that the DHS is 'continuing to be responsible stewards of taxpayer resources. The scope of our mission is broad, challenging, and vital to the security of the Nation ... Thank you for your partnership and collaboration. Yours very truly, Janet Napolitano.'[63]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: The Department of Homeland Security has received substantial criticism over excessive bureaucracy, waste, fraud, ineffectiveness and lack of transparency. Its information sharing centers have been accused of violating American civil liberties and targeting American citizens as potential threats to national security.

text: Excess, waste, and ineffectiveness[edit]

text: The Department of Homeland Security has been dogged by persistent criticism over excessive bureaucracy, waste, ineffectiveness and lack of transparency. Congress estimates that the department has wasted roughly $15 billion in failed contracts (as of  September 2008[update]).[64] In 2003, the department came under fire after the media revealed that Laura Callahan, Deputy Chief Information Officer at DHS with responsibilities for sensitive national security databases, had obtained her bachelor, masters, and doctorate computer science degrees through Hamilton University, a diploma mill in a small town in Wyoming.[65] The department was blamed for up to $2 billion of waste and fraud after audits by the Government Accountability Office revealed widespread misuse of government credit cards by DHS employees, with purchases including beer brewing kits, $70,000 of plastic dog booties that were later deemed unusable, boats purchased at double the retail price (many of which later could not be found), and iPods ostensibly for use in "data storage".[66][67][68][69]

text: A 2015 inspection of IT infrastructure found that the department was running over a hundred computer systems whose owners were unknown, including Secret and Top Secret databases, many with out of date security or weak passwords. Basic security reviews were absent, and the department had apparently made deliberate attempts to delay publication of information about the flaws.[70]

text: Data mining (ADVISE)[edit]

text: The Associated Press reported on September 5, 2007, that DHS had scrapped an anti-terrorism data mining tool called ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement) after the agency's internal Inspector General found that pilot testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without required privacy safeguards in place.[71][72] The system, in development at Lawrence Livermore and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory since 2003, has cost the agency $42 million to date. Controversy over the program is not new; in March 2007, the Government Accountability Office stated that "the ADVISE tool could misidentify or erroneously associate an individual with undesirable activity such as fraud, crime or terrorism." Homeland Security's Inspector General later said that ADVISE was poorly planned, time-consuming for analysts to use, and lacked adequate justifications.[73]

text: Fusion centers[edit]

text: Fusion centers are terrorism prevention and response centers, many of which were created under a joint project between the Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs between 2003 and 2007. The fusion centers gather information not only from government sources, but also from their partners in the private sector.[74][75]

text: They are designed to promote information sharing at the federal level between agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Justice, US Military and  state and local level government. As of  July 2009[update], the Department of Homeland Security recognized at least seventy-two fusion centers.[76] Fusion centers may also be affiliated with an Emergency Operations Center that responds in the event of a disaster.

text: There are a number of documented criticisms of fusion centers, including relative ineffectiveness at counterterrorism activities, the potential to be used for secondary purposes unrelated to counterterrorism, and their links to violations of civil liberties of American citizens and others.[77]

text: David Rittgers of the Cato Institute has noted:

text: a long line of fusion center and DHS reports labeling broad swaths of the public as a threat to national security. The North Texas Fusion System labeled Muslim lobbyists as a potential threat; a DHS analyst in Wisconsin thought both pro- and anti-abortion activists were worrisome; a Pennsylvania homeland security contractor watched environmental activists, Tea Party groups, and a Second Amendment rally; the Maryland State Police put anti-death penalty and anti-war activists in a federal terrorism database; a fusion center in Missouri thought that all third-party voters and Ron Paul supporters were a threat....[78]

text: MIAC report[edit]

text: The Missouri Information Analysis Center (MIAC) made news in 2009 for targeting supporters of third party candidates (such as Ron Paul), pro-life activists, and conspiracy theorists as potential militia members.[79] Anti-war activists and Islamic lobby groups were targeted in Texas, drawing criticism from the American Civil Liberties Union.[80]

text: According to the Department of Homeland Security:[81]

text: The Privacy Office has identified a number of risks to privacy presented by the fusion center program:

text:
Justification for fusion centers
Ambiguous Lines of Authority, Rules, and Oversight
Participation of the Military and the Private Sector
Data Mining
Excessive Secrecy
Inaccurate or Incomplete Information
Mission Creep

text: 2009 Virginia terrorism threat assessment[edit]

text: In 2009, the Virginia Fusion Center came under criticism for publishing a terrorism threat assessment which stated that certain universities are potential hubs for terror related activity.[82] The report targeted historically black colleges and identified hacktivism as a form of terrorism.[83]

text: Mail interception[edit]

text: In 2006, MSNBC reported that Grant Goodman, "an 81-year-old retired University of Kansas history professor, received a letter from his friend in the Philippines that had been opened and resealed with a strip of dark green tape bearing the words "by Border Protection" and carrying the official Homeland Security seal."[84] The letter was sent by a devout Catholic Filipino woman with no history of supporting Islamic terrorism.[84] A spokesman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection "acknowledged that the agency can, will and does open mail coming to U.S. citizens that originates from a foreign country whenever it's deemed necessary":

text: "All mail originating outside the United States Customs territory that is to be delivered inside the U.S. Customs territory is subject to Customs examination," says the CBP Web site. That includes personal correspondence.  "All mail means 'all mail,'" said John Mohan, a CBP spokesman, emphasizing the point.[84]

text: The Department declined to outline what criteria are used to determine when a piece of personal correspondence should be opened or to say how often or in what volume Customs might be opening mail.[84]

text: Goodman's story provoked outrage in the blogosphere,[85] as well as in the more established media. Reacting to the incident, Mother Jones remarked that "[u]nlike other prying government agencies, Homeland Security wants you to know it is watching you."[86] CNN observed that "[o]n the heels of the NSA wiretapping controversy, Goodman's letter raises more concern over the balance between privacy and security."[87]

text: Employee morale[edit]

text: In July 2006, the Office of Personnel Management conducted a survey of federal employees in all 36 federal agencies on job satisfaction and how they felt their respective agency was headed. DHS was last or near to last in every category including;

text:
33rd on the talent management index
35th on the leadership and knowledge management index
36th on the job satisfaction index
36th on the results-oriented performance culture index

text: The low scores were attributed to major concerns about basic supervision, management and leadership within the agency. Examples from the survey reveal most concerns are about promotion and pay increase based on merit, dealing with poor performance, rewarding creativity and innovation, leadership generating high levels of motivation in the workforce, recognition for doing a good job, lack of satisfaction with various component policies and procedures and lack of information about what is going on with the organization.[88][89]

text: DHS is the only large federal agency to score below 50% in overall survey rankings. It was last of large federal agencies in 2014 with 44.0% and fell even lower in 2015 at 43.1%, again last place.[90]

text: Freedom of Information Act processing performance[edit]

text: In the Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act FOIA requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data), the Department of Homeland Security earned a D by scoring 69 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. It also had not updated its FOIA policies since the 2007 FOIA amendments.[91]

text: Fourteen Words slogan and "88" reference[edit]

text: In 2018, the DHS was accused of referencing the white supremacist Fourteen Words slogan in an official document, by using a similar fourteen-worded title, in relation to illegal immigration and border control:[92]

text: We Must Secure The Border And Build The Wall To Make America Safe Again.[93]

text: Although dismissed by the DHS as a coincidence, both the use of "88" in a document, and the similarity to the slogan's phrasing ("We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children"), drew criticism and controversy from several media outlets.[94][95]