document_title: Vikings (TV series)

question_text: where was the first season of vikings filmed

text: Vikings (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series is inspired by the tales of the raiding, trading, and exploring Norsemen of early medieval Scandinavia. It follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew and family, as notably laid down in the 13th-century sagas Ragnars saga Loðbrókar and Ragnarssona þáttr, as well as in Saxo Grammaticus's 12th-century work Gesta Danorum. Norse legendary sagas were partially fictional tales based on Norse oral tradition, written down about 200 to 400 years after the events they describe. Further inspiration is taken from historical sources of the period, such as records of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne depicted in the second episode, or Ahmad ibn Fadlan's 10th-century account of the Volga Vikings. The series is set at the beginning of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Travis Fimmel as Ragnar Lothbrok (seasons 1–4)
Katheryn Winnick as Lagertha
Clive Standen as Rollo[2]
Jessalyn Gilsig as Siggy (seasons 1–3)
Gustaf Skarsgård as Floki
George Blagden as Athelstan (main seasons 1–3, guest season 4)
Gabriel Byrne as Earl Haraldson (season 1)
Alyssa Sutherland as Aslaug (seasons 1–4)[3]
Donal Logue as Horik of Denmark (seasons 1–2)
Alexander Ludwig as Bjorn Ironside (seasons 2–)
Linus Roache as Ecbert of Wessex (seasons 2–4)
Ben Robson as Kalf (seasons 3–4)
Kevin Durand as Harbard (season 3)
Lothaire Bluteau as Charles of West Francia (season 3)
John Kavanagh as The Seer (recurring seasons 1–3, main seasons 4–) and Pope Leo IV (guest season 4)
Peter Franzén as Harald Finehair (seasons 4–)[4]
Jasper Pääkkönen as Halfdan the Black (seasons 4–)[4]
Moe Dunford as Aethelwulf (recurring seasons 2–4, main seasons 4–)
Alex Høgh as Ivar the Boneless (seasons 4–)
Marco Ilsø as Hvitserk (seasons 4–)
David Lindström as Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye (season 4)
Jordan Patrick Smith as Ubbe (seasons 4–)
Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Bishop Heahmund (seasons 4–)

text: Production[edit]

text: An Irish-Canadian co-production, Vikings was developed and produced by Octagon Films and Take 5 Productions.[1] Michael Hirst, Morgan O'Sullivan, John Weber, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn and Sheila Hockin are credited as executive producers.[1] The first season's budget has been reported as US$40 million.[5]

text: The series began filming in July 2012 at Ashford Studios, a newly built studio facility in Ireland,[6] chosen as a location for its tax advantages.[5] On August 16, 2012, longship scenes were filmed at Luggala, as well as on the Poulaphouca Reservoir, in the heart of the Wicklow Mountains.[7] 70 percent of the first season was filmed outdoors.[5] Some additional background shots were done in western Norway.[8]

text: Johan Renck,[9] Ciarán Donnelly and Ken Girotti each directed three episodes. The production team includes cinematographer John Bartley, costume designer Joan Bergin, production designer Tom Conroy, composer Trevor Morris and Irish choir Crux Vocal Ensemble, directed by Paul McGough.

text: On April 5, 2013, History renewed Vikings for a ten-episode second season.[10]

text: Two new series regulars were announced on June 11, 2013. Alexander Ludwig, portraying the teenage Björn, and Linus Roache, playing King Ecbert of Wessex.[11] Season two undergoes a jump in time, aging the young Björn (Nathan O'Toole) into an older swordsman portrayed by Ludwig. The older Björn has not seen his father, Ragnar, for "a long period of time". Lagertha remarries to a powerful jarl, a stepfather who provides harsh guidance to Björn.[12]

text: Several Swedish media sources reported that actors Edvin Endre, son of Swedish actress Lena Endre,[13] and Anna Åström had signed up for roles in season two.[14] It was confirmed that Endre had obtained the role of Erlendur, one of King Horik's sons.

text: Jeff Woolnough[15] and Kari Skogland joined Ken Girotti and Ciaran Donnelly as directors of season two.[16]

text: Michael Hirst announced plans for season four before season three had begun airing.[17] Season four began production around the Dublin area in April 2015.[18]

text: Finnish actors Peter Franzén and Jasper Pääkkönen, as well as Canadian actress Dianne Doan joined the cast of season four. Franzén obtained the role of Norwegian King Harald Finehair, a potential rival to Ragnar. Pääkkönen was cast as Halfdan the Black, Finehair's brother. Doan portrays Yidu, a Chinese character who has a major role in the first half of the fourth season.[19]

text: At the same time that the series was renewed for a fifth season, it was announced that Irish actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers would be joining the cast for that season.[20] He will portray Heahmund, a "warrior bishop". Vikings creator Michael Hirst, explains, "I was looking at the history books, and I came across these warrior bishops", he tells EW. "The antecedents of the Knights Templar: these are people who were absolutely religious, yet they put on armor and they fought. Don't let their priestly status fool you, either. 'They were crazy! They believed totally in Christianity and the message, and yet, on the battlefield, they were totally berserk.'" [21]

text: Former WWE star Adam Copeland, (a.k.a. Edge), has been cast in a recurring role for season five. He will portray Ketill Flatnose, a violent and bold warrior, chosen by Floki to lead a Viking expedition intent on traveling to Iceland to set up a colony there.[22] Irish actor Darren Cahill will play the role of Aethelred in the upcoming season.[23] Nigerian actor Stanley Amuzie told local media he had landed a small role in the upcoming season.[24] Season five will also include Irish actor, musician and real-life police detective, Kieran O'Reilly, who will play the role of "White Hair".[25]

text: Norwegian music group Wardruna provided much of the background music to the series. Founder Einar Kvitrafn Selvik also appeared as an actor.[26]

text: In April 2017 it was announced that Danish actor Erik Madsen will join the cast with Season 5, as King Hemmig.[27] He spent several months of 2016 on the set of The Last Kingdom, portraying a Viking.[28]

text: Russian actor Danila Kozlovsky joins the series with season 6, as Oleg of Novgorod, the 10th century Varangian (east European Vikings) ruler of the Rus' people. Coincidentally, Kozlovsky headlined the big-budget 2016 Russian feature Viking, playing one of Oleg’s successors, Vladimir the Great, Prince of Novgorod. [29]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
9
March 3, 2013 (2013-03-03)
April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)

2
10
February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27)
May 1, 2014 (2014-05-01)

3
10
February 19, 2015 (2015-02-19)
April 23, 2015 (2015-04-23)

4
20
10
February 18, 2016 (2016-02-18)
April 21, 2016 (2016-04-21)

10
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)

text: Vikings premiered on March 3, 2013 in Canada[30] and the United States.[6] Vikings was renewed for a fourth season in March 2015 with an extended order of 20 episodes, which premiered on February 18, 2016.[31][32][33] On March 17, 2016, History renewed Vikings for a fifth season of 20 episodes, which is set to premiere on November 29, 2017.[20][34] On September 12, 2017, ahead of its fifth season premiere, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which will consist of 20 episodes.[35]

text: In the UK, Vikings premiered on May 24, 2013 where it was exclusively available on the streaming video-on-demand service LoveFilm.[36] The second season premiered on March 24, 2015.[37] The third season began airing on February 20, 2015 on Amazon Video.[38]

text: In Australia, the series premiered on August 8, 2013 on SBS One.[39] It was later moved to FX, which debuted the second season on February 4, 2015.[40] Season three of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on March 19, 2015.[41] Season four of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on February 24, 2016.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews[edit]

text:
Metacritic ratings per season

Season 1
Season 2
Season 3

Rating
71[43]
77[44]
81[45]

text: The series received favourable ratings by critics after the first episode, with an average rating of 71% according to Metacritic.[46] Alan Sepinwall of HitFix praised the series's casting, notably of Fimmel as Ragnar, and observed that Vikings "isn't complicated. It ... relies on the inherent appeal of the era and these characters to drive the story."[47] Nancy DeWolf Smith of The Wall Street Journal noted the "natural and authentic" setting and costumes, and appreciated that Vikings was (unlike, e.g., Spartacus) not a celebration of sex and violence, but "a study of character, stamina, power and ... of social, emotional and even intellectual awakening".[48] Hank Stuever, writing for the Washington Post, found that the "compelling and robust new drama series ... delivers all the expected gore and blood spatter". But he also wrote that it successfully adapted the skills of cable television drama, with the care taken in acting, writing and sense of scope reminiscent of such series as Rome, Sons of Anarchy and Game of Thrones. He also suggested that the way the series emphasized "a core pride and nobility in this tribe of thugs" reflected "just another iteration of Tony Soprano".[49] Neil Genzlinger, in The New York Times, praised the "arresting" cinematography and the actors' performances, notably Fimmel's, and favorably contrasted Vikings to Game of Thrones and Spartacus for the absence of gratuitous nudity.[50]

text: In TIME, James Poniewozik noted that the relatively simple generational conflict underlying Vikings "doesn't nearly have the narrative ambition of a Game of Thrones or the political subtleties of a Rome", nor these series' skill with dialogue, but that it held up pretty well compared to the "tabloid history" of series like The Tudors and The Borgias. He concluded that "Vikings' larger story arc is really more about historical forces" than about its not very complex characters.[51] Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly appreciated the cast's performance, but considered Vikings to be "kind of a mess", lacking the intrigue of The Tudors and Game of Thrones.[52] Brian Lowry criticized the series in Variety as an "unrelenting cheese-fest" and as a "more simpleminded version of Game of Thrones", but considered that it had "a level of atmosphere and momentum that makes it work as a mild diversion".[53] In the San Francisco Chronicle, David Wiegand was disappointed by the series's "glacial pace" and lack of action as well as the "flabby direction and a gassy script", while appreciating the performances and characters.[54]

text: The second season received a Metacritic rating of 77%, and a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 92% based on 12 professional critic reviews.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: According to Nielsen, the series premiere drew 6 million viewers in the U.S., topping all broadcast networks among viewers aged 18 to 49. An earlier claim of over 18 million viewers was later retracted by the channel with an apology.[55][56]

text: In Canada, the premiere had 1.1 million viewers. The first season has averaged 942,000 viewers.[57]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: Some critics have pointed out historical inaccuracies in the series's depiction of Viking society. Lars Walker, in the magazine The American Spectator, criticized its portrayal of early Viking Age government (represented by Earl Haraldson) as autocratic rather than essentially democratic.[58] Joel Robert Thompson criticized depiction of the Scandinavians' supposed ignorance of the existence of Britain and Ireland, and of the death penalty rather than outlawry (skoggangr) as their most serious punishment.[59]

text: Monty Dobson, a historian at Central Michigan University, criticised the depiction of Viking Age clothing, but went on to say that fictional shows like Vikings could still be a useful teaching tool.[60] The Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten reported that the series incorrectly depicted the temple at Uppsala as a stave church in the mountains, whereas the historical temple was situated on flat land and stave churches were a hallmark of later Christian architecture.[61] On the other hand, the temple as depicted does have similarities with reconstructions of the Uppåkra hof.

text: Many characters are based on (or inspired by) real people from history or legend, and the major events portrayed are broadly drawn from history. However, events from over a hundred years have been condensed, so that people who could never have met are shown as of similar age, with the historical events amended for dramatic effect. For example, season one leads up to the attack on Lindisfarne Abbey of 793 (before the real Rollo was born), but in season three the same characters at roughly the same ages participate in the Siege of Paris of 845. By this time, Ecbert had been dead for over forty years, and King Alfred the Great was already king, yet he is still portrayed as a child in season four. Rollo is portrayed having his followers killed, and fighting his fellow Vikings, whereas in history they were granted what became Normandy and continued to co-operate with their Norse kinsmen. Furthermore, most of the principal characters are portrayed as being from Norway, while according to primary sources they would most likely have been Danes.

text: Little is known about Viking religious practice[62] and so its depiction is largely creative. When Katheryn Winnick was asked why she licked the seer's hand she answered: "It wasn't originally in the script and we just wanted to come up with something unique and different".[63] Regarding the historical differences and accuracy issues of the show, showrunner Michael Hirst said: "I especially had to take liberties with Vikings because no one knows for sure what happened in the Dark Ages ... we want people to watch it. A historical account of the Vikings would reach hundreds, occasionally thousands, of people. Here we've got to reach millions."[64]

text: Related media[edit]

text: Zenescope partnered with the History Channel to create a free Vikings comic book based on the series. It was first distributed at Comic-Con 2013 and by comiXology in February 2014.[65][66] The comic was written by Michael Hirst, features interior artwork by Dennis Calero (X-Men Noir), and is set before the events of season one. In addition to featuring Ragnar and Rollo battling alongside their father, the comic depicts the brothers' first encounter with Lagertha.[66]


document_title: Rikki-Tikki-Tavi

question_text: where does the end of rikki-tikki-tavi take place

root

text: Rikki-Tikki-Tavi

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: The story follows the experiences of a mongoose named Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (for his chattering vocalizations) after he is adopted into a British family residing in India, as a pet and as protection against cobras.

tag: p

text: After becoming friendly with some of the other creatures inhabiting the garden, Rikki is warned of two cobras Nag and Nagaina, who are angered by the family's presence on their territory. Accordingly, Nag enters the house's bathroom before dawn to kill the humans and make Rikki leave so their babies will grow in a safe place without worries. Nag is subsequently ambushed and attacked by Rikki from behind. The struggle that ensues awakens the human family and the father kills Nag with a shotgun.

text: The grieving Nagaina attempts revenge against Rikki's humans, cornering them as they have breakfast on an outdoor veranda. While she is distracted by a female tailor bird, Rikki destroys the cobra's unhatched brood of eggs except for one. He carries it to where Nagaina is threatening to bite the child Teddy while his parents watch helplessly.

text: Nagaina recovers her egg, but is pursued by Rikki away from the house to the cobra's underground nest where an unseen final battle takes place. Rikki emerges triumphant from the hole declaring Nagaina dead. His subsequent role is to protect the family by keeping the garden free from any future intrusion by snakes.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text: In 1965, in the Soviet Union, at the film studio "Soyuzmultfilm," the director Alexandra Snezhko-Blotskaya shot an animated short of the story, titled Рикки-Тикки-Тави (Rikki-Tikki-Tavi). Ten years later, Chuck Jones adapted the story for a half hour television special in the United States, and four years later, Aleksandr Zguridi and Nana Kldiashvili directed a live action feature film titled Rikki-Tikki-Tavi.[2]

text: Literature[edit]

text: There have been numerous book adaptions,[3] including:

text:
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi and Other Animal Stories (1984), illustrated by Charles Keeping[4]
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (1997), illustrated by Jerry Pinkney

tag: ul

text: Music[edit]

text: Three related songs are:

text:
Donovan's  "Riki Tiki Tavi" on his album from 1970, Open Road, in which Donovan compares the little mongoose to large institutions, such as the church and the government.
"Rikki Tikki Tavi" is a song by alternative metal band Fair to Midland on their 2011
Boneske's  song "Nagaina"
A composition by Alfred Schnittke made for the 1975 film of the same name.
Tatsuro Yamashita includes the line "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" in the chorus of his song "夏への扉"

text: slang[edit]

text: During the Vietnam War the slang term for getting something done quickly was "Most Rikki-Tick".


document_title: World War II casualties

question_text: which country has the most losses in ww2

text: World War II casualties

text: Classification of casualties

text: Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II.[13] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable."[14] The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease.

text: The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25 million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[15][16] The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available.

text: Human losses by country

text: Total deaths

text:
Death toll of World War II & military wounded by country

(when the number of deaths in a country is disputed, a range of war losses is given)

The details of the figures are provided in the footnotes

Country
Total population
1/1/1939
Military
deaths from all causes
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war-related famine and disease
Total
deaths
Deaths as % of
1939 population
Military
wounded

 AlbaniaA
1,073,000[17]
30,000[18]

30,000
2.80
NA

 AustraliaB
6,968,000[17]
39,700[19]
700[20]

40,400
0.58
39,803[21]

 Austria (German-controlled)C
6,653,000[17]
Included with Germany
Included with Germany

(see table below)S3
Included with Germany

 BelgiumD
8,387,000[17]
12,000[22]
76,000[22]

88,000
1.05
55,513[23]

 BrazilE
40,289,000[17]
1,000[24]
1,000[25]

2,000
0.00
4,222[26]

 BulgariaF
6,458,000[17]
18,500[24]
3,000[27]

21,500
0.33
21,878[28]

 Burma (British colony)G
16,119,000[17]
2,600[29]
250,000[29]

252,600
1.57
NA

 CanadaH
11,267,000[17]
42,000[30]
1,600[31]

43,600
0.38
53,174[32]

 China I (1937–1945)
517,568,000[17]
3,000,000[33]
to 3,750,000+[34]
7,357,000[35]
to 8,191,000[36]
5,000,000
to 10,000,000
15,000,000[37]
to 20,000,000[37]
2.90 to 3.86
1,761,335[38]

 CubaJ
4,235,000[17]

100[39]

100
0.00
NA

 Czechoslovakia (in postwar 1945–1992 borders)K
14,612,000[40]
46,000[41]
to 35,000[42]
294,000[41] to
320,000[42]

340,000 to 355,000
2.33 to 2.43
8,017[43]

 DenmarkL
3,795,000[17]

6,000[44]

6,000
0.16
2,000[45]

 Dutch East IndiesM
69,435,000[17]
11,500[46][47]
300,000[48]
2,400,000[49]
to 4,000,000[50]
3,000,000
to 4,000,000
4.3 to 5.76
NA

 EgyptMA
16,492,000[17]
1,100[51]

1,100
0.00
NA

 Estonia (within 1939 borders)N
1,134,000[17]
34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces)[52]
49,000[53]

83,000
7.3
NA

 EthiopiaO
17,700,000[17]
15,000[54]
85,000

100,000[54]
0.56
NA

 FinlandP
3,700,000[17]
83,000[55] to 95,000[56]
2,000[57]

85,000 to 95,000
2.30 to 2.57
50,000[58]

 FranceQ (including colonies)
41,680,000[57]
210,000[57]
390,000[57]

600,000
1.44
390,000[59]

 French IndochinaR
24,664,000[17]

1,000,000
to 2,000,000[60]
1,000,000
to 2,200,000
4.05 to 8.11
NA

 GermanyS
69,300,000[61]
4,440,000[62] to 5,318,000[63][64]
1,500,000S2
to 3,000,000S1

6,900,000
to 7,400,000
(see table below)S3
7,300,000[65]

 GreeceT
7,222,000[17]
35,100[66]
171,800[66]
300,000[67]
to 600,000[66]
507,000
to 807,000
7.02 to 11.17
47,290[68]

 GuamTA
22,800[69]
1,000[70]
to 2,000[71]

1,000
to 2,000
4.39 to 8.77
NA

 HungaryU (figures in 1938 borders not including territories annexed in 1938–41)
9,129,000[69]
200,000[72]
264,000[73]

464,000
5.08
89,313[74]

 IcelandV
118,900[75]

200[76]

200
0.17
NA

 IndiaW
377,800,000[77]
87,000[78]

2,100,000[79]
2,200,000
0.58
64,354[80]

 IranX
14,340,000[81]
200[82]

200
0.00
NA

 IraqY
3,698,000[83]
500[82]
200[84]

700
0.01
NA

 IrelandZ
2,960,000[85]
Irish volunteers included with UK Armed Forces
100[86]

100
0.00
NA

 Italy (in postwar 1947 borders)AA
44,394,000[87]
319,200[88] to 341,000 Italian nationals and c. 20,000 Africans conscripted by Italy[89][90]
153,200[91]

492,400 to 514,000
1.11 to 1.16
225,000[92]-320,000[93] (incomplete data)

 JapanAB
71,380,000[94]
2,100,000[95] to
2,300,000[96]
550,000[97] to
800,000[98]

2,500,000[99]
to 3,100,000[100]
3.50 to 4.34
326,000[101]

 Korea (Japanese colony)AC
24,326,000[69]
Included with Japanese military
483,000[102]
to 533,000[103]

483,000
to 533,000
1.99 to 2.19
NA

 Latvia (within 1939 borders)AD
1,994,500[69]
30,000[104](in both Soviet and German Armies)
220,000[105]

250,000
12.5
NA

 Lithuania (within 1939 borders)AE
2,575,000[94]
25,000[106](in both Soviet and German Armies)
345,000[107]

370,000
14.36
NA

 LuxembourgAF
295,000[94]
Included with German & Belgian military
5,000[57]

5,000
1.69
NA

 Malaya & SingaporeAG
5,118,000[69]

100,000[108]

100,000
1.95
NA

 Malta (British)AH
269,000[69]
Included with U.K.
1,500[109]

1,500
0.55
NA

 MexicoAI
19,320,000[110]

100[111]

100
0.00
NA

 MongoliaAJ
819,000[112]
300[113]

300
0.04
NA

 Nauru (Australian)AK
3,400[69]

500[114]

500
14.7
NA

 NepalAL
6,087,000[69]
Included with British Indian Army

NA

 NetherlandsAM
8,729,000[69]
6,700[115]
187,300[115]
16,000[115]
210,000
2.41
2,860[116]

 Newfoundland (British)AN
320,000[117]
1,100[118] (included with the U.K. & Canada)
100[119]

1,200
0.03
(included with the/ U.K. & Canada)

 New ZealandAO
1,629,000[69]
11,700[120]

11,700
0.72
19,314[121]

 NorwayAP
2,945,000[122]
2,000[57]
8,200[123]

10,200
0.35
364[124]

 Papua and New Guinea (Australian)AQ
1,292,000[69]

15,000[125]

15,000
1.16
NA

 Philippines (U.S. Territory)AR
16,000,303[126]
57,000[127]
164,000[128]
336,000[128]
557,000
3.48
NA

 Poland (within 1939 borders)AS
34,849,000[129]
240,000[130]
5,620,000[131]
to 5,820,000[132]

5,900,000[133]
to 6,000,000[134]
16.93 to 17.22
766,606[135]

 Portuguese TimorAT
480,000[69]

40,000[136]
to 70,000[136]

40,000
to 70,000
8.33 to 14.58
NA

 Romania (in postwar 1945 borders)AU
15,970,000[57]
300,000[41]
200,000[41]

500,000[41]
3.13
332,769[137]

 Ruanda-Urundi (Belgian)AV
3,800,000[138]

36,000[139] and 50,000[140]
36,000–50,000
0.09–1.3
NA

 South AfricaAW
10,160,000[141]
11,900[142]

11,900
0.12
14,363[143]

 South Pacific Mandate (Japanese)AX
127,000[144]

10,000[145]

10,000
7.87
[146]

 Soviet Union (within 1946–91 borders[147])AY
188,793,000[148][149]
8,668,000[150][151][152] to 11,400,000[153][154][155][156]
4,500,000[157] to 10,000,000[158][159][160]
8,000,000 to 9,000,000[161][162][163]
20,000,000[164] to 27,000,000[165][166][167][168][169]
(see table below)AY4
14,685,593[170]

 SpainAZ
25,637,000[171]
Included with the German Army
Included with France,see footnote

NA

 SwedenBA
6,341,000[172]
100[173]
2,000[174]

2,100
0.03
NA

  SwitzerlandBB
4,210,000[175]

100[176]

100
0.00
NA

 ThailandBC
15,023,000[177]
5,600[178]
2,000[178]

7,600
0.05
NA

 TurkeyBD
17,370,000[179]
200[180]

200
0.00
NA

 United KingdomBE including British Colonies
47,760,000[181]
383,700[182]
67,200[183]

450,900
0.94
376,239[184]

 United StatesBF
131,028,000[185]
407,300BF1
12,100BF2

419,400
0.32
671,801[186]

 YugoslaviaBG
15,490,000[187]
300,000[188]
to 446,000[189]
581,000[189] to 1,400,000[188]

1,027,000[189] to 1,700,000[188]
6.63 to 10.97
425,000[190]

Other nationsBH
300,000,000

NA

Approx. totals
2,300,000,000[1]
21,000,000
to 25,500,000
29,000,000
to 30,500,000
19,000,000
to 28,000,000
70,000,000
to 85,000,000
3.0 to 3.7
NA

tag: table

text:
Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place.
Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Partisan and resistance fighter deaths are included with military losses. The deaths of prisoners of war in captivity and personnel missing in action are also included with military deaths. Whenever possible the details are given in the footnotes.
The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the Wehrmacht are included with German military losses. For example, Michael Strank is included with American not Czechoslovak war dead.
Civilian war dead are included with the nations where they resided. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust.
The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses.
Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease. The exact breakdown is not always provided in the sources cited.

text: Nazi Germany

text:
hide
Human losses of the Third Reich in World War II (included in above figures of total war dead) A detailed description is given in the footnotes for Germany and Austria.[11][12]^S3

Country
Population
1939
Military
deaths
Civilian deaths due to
Allied Strategic Bombing
Civilian deaths due to
Nazi persecution
Civilian deaths due Expulsion of Germans
Total
deaths
Deaths as
% of 1939
population

Austria
6,653,000[17]
250,000[191] to 261,000[63]
24,000[191][192]
100,000[193]

370,000[193]
5.56

Germany (within 1937 borders)[194]
69,300,000[61]
3,760,000[191] to 4,456,000[63]
353,000(1942 borders)[195] to 410,000[191][196]
300,000[197] to 500,000[198][199]
400,000[200] to 1,225,000[191]
5,700,000[201]
8.23

Foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe[202]
7,423,000[203]
430,000[204] to 538,000[63]

200,000[205] to 886,000[206]
738,000[63][205] to 1,316,000[207]
9.96 to 17.76

Foreign nationals in western Europe
215,000[208]
63,000[63]

63,000[63]
29.3

Approx. Totals
83,500,000
4,440,000[209] to 5,318,000[63]
353,000[195] to 434,000[210]
400,000[211][198] to 600,000[198][199][211]
600,000[212] to 2,111,000[213]
6,900,000 to 7,400,000
8.26 to 8.86

text: German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Russian historian Grigoriy Krivosheyev puts the losses of the "Vlasovites, Balts and Muslims etc." in German service at 215,000[214][215]

text: USSR

text: The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[13]^AY4

text:
Soviet Republic
Population 1940 (within 1946–91 borders)
Military deaths
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
Deaths as % of 1940 population

Armenia
1,320,000
150,000

30,000
180,000
13.6%

Azerbaijan
3,270,000
210,000

90,000
300,000
9.1%

Belarus
9,050,000
620,000
1,360,000
310,000
2,290,000
25.3%

Estonia
1,050,000
30,000
50,000

80,000
7.6%

Georgia
3,610,000
190,000

110,000
300,000
8.3%

Kazakhstan
6,150,000
310,000

350,000
660,000
10.7%

Kyrgyzstan
1,530,000
70,000

50,000
120,000
7.8%

Latvia
1,890,000
30,000
190,000
40,000
260,000
13.7%

Lithuania
2,930,000
25,000
275,000
75,000
375,000
12.7%

Moldova
2,470,000
50,000
75,000
45,000
170,000
6.9%

Russia
110,100,000
6,750,000
4,100,000
3,100,000
13,950,000
12.7%

Tajikistan
1,530,000
50,000

70,000
120,000
7.8%

Turkmenistan
1,300,000
70,000

30,000
100,000
7.7%

Ukraine
41,340,000
1,650,000
3,700,000
1,500,000
6,850,000
16.3%

Uzbekistan
6,550,000
330,000

220,000
550,000
8.4%

Unidentified
–
165,000
130,000

295,000

Total USSR
194,090,000
10,600,000
10,000,000
6,000,000
26,600,000
13.7%

text: The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1. pp. 21–35. Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates.

text:
The population listed here of 194.090 million is taken from Soviet era sources. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598 million.[216][217]
According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268 million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939 to 1940: the eastern regions of Poland 12.983 million; Lithuania 2.440 million; Latvia 1.951 million; Estonia 1.122 million; Romanian Bessarabia and Bukovina 3.7 million; less transfers out of (392,000) ethnic Germans deported during the Nazi–Soviet population transfers; the Anders Army (120,000); the First Polish Army (1944–45) (26,000) and Zakerzonia & the Belastok Region (1,392,000) which was returned to Poland in 1945.[216][218][219]
Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). The additions were the annexation of the Carpatho-Ukraine 725,000; the Tuvan People's Republic 81,000; the remaining population on South Sakhalin 29,000 and in the Kaliningrad Oblast 5,000; and the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 1944–47 518,000. The transfers out included the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 1944–47 (1,529,000) and the post war emigration to the west (451,000)[216][220][221] According to Viktor Zemskov, 3/4 of the post war emigration to the west was of persons who were from the territories annexed in 1939–40[222]
Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23 million less the net population transfers out of 3 million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the Anders Army ; 392,000 Germans who left in the era of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and 400,000 Jews, Romanians, Germans Czech and Hungarians who emigrated after the war[223][4] The Polish government-in-exile put the population of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union at 13.199 million[224]
Polish sources put the number of refugees from the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union living in post war Poland at about 2.2 million, about 700,000 more than those listed in the Soviet sources of Poles repatriated. The difference is due to the fact that Poles from the eastern regions who were deported to Germany during the war or had fled Volhynia and Eastern Galicia were not included in the figures of the organized transfers in 1944–47.[225]
Figures for Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania include about two million civilian dead that are also listed in Polish sources in the total war dead of Poland. Polish historian Krystyna Kersten estimated losses of about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.[226] The formal transfer of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union occurred with the Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945.
According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression. (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died)[227]

text: Holocaust deaths

text: Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust.

text: Jewish deaths

text: The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7 million (78%) of the 7.3 million Jews in German occupied Europe were Holocaust victims.[228] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9 million Jews.[229]

text: Statistical breakdown of Jewish dead:

text:
In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers, 2,830,000 Jews were murdered in the Nazi death camps (500,000 Belzec; 150,000 Sobibor; 850,000 Treblinka; 150,000 Chełmno; 1,100,000 Auschwitz; 80,000 Majdanek).[230] Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the death camps, including Romanian Transnistria, at 3.0 million.[231]
In the USSR by the Einsatzgruppen: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the area of the mobile killing groups at 1.4 million.[231]
Aggravated deaths in the Ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the Ghettos at 700,000.[231]
Yad Vashem has identified the names of four million Jewish Holocaust dead.[232]

text: The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust.[229] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added.

text:
Country
Pre-war Jewish population[229] in 1933
Low estimate deaths[229]
High estimate deaths.[229]
Low %
High %
Average %

Austria
191,000 (see footnote)
50,000
65,000
26.2%
34.0%
30.1%

Belgium
60,000 (see footnote)
25,000
29,000
41.7%
48.3%
45.0%

Czech Republic[233]
92,000
77,000
78,300
83.7%
85.1%
84.4%

Denmark
8,000
60
116
0.8 %
1.5%
1.1%

Estonia
4,600
1,500
2,000
32.6%
43.5%
38.0%

France
260,000 (see footnote)
75,000
77,000
28.8%
29.6%
29.2%

Germany
566,000 (see footnote)
135,000
142,000
23.9%
25.1%
24.5%

Greece
73,000
59,000
67,000
80.8%
91.8%
86.3%

Hungary (borders 1940)[234]
725,000
502,000
569,000
69.2%
78.5%
73.9%

Italy
48,000
6,500
9,000
13.5%
18.8%
16.1%

Latvia
95,000
70,000
72,000
73.7%
75.8%
74.7%

Lithuania
155,000
130,000
143,000
83.9%
92.3%
88.1%

Luxembourg
3,500
1,000
2,000
28.6%
57.1%
42.9%

Netherlands
112,000 (see footnote)
100,000
105,000
89.3%
93.8%
91.5%

Norway
1,700
800
800
47.1%
47.1%
47.1%

Poland (borders 1939)
3,250,000
2,700,000
3,000,000
83.1%
92.3%
87.7%

Romania (borders 1940)
441,000
121,000
287,000
27.4%
65.1%
46.3%

Slovakia
89,000
60,000
71,000
67.4%
79.8%
73.6%

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
2,825,000
700,000
1,100,000
24.8%
38.9%
31.9%

Yugoslavia
68,000
56,000
65,000
82.4%
95.6%
89.0%

Total
9,067,000
4,869,860
5,894,716
50.4% (avg.)
59.7% (avg.)
55.1% (avg.)

text:
The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. From 1933 to 1939 about 400,000 Jews fled Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Some of these refugees were in western Europe when Germany occupied these countries in 1940. In 1940 there were 30,000 Jewish refugees in the Netherlands, 12,000 in Belgium, 30,000 in France, 2,000 in Denmark, 5,000 in Italy, and 2,000 in Norway[235]
Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 1939–41.[236] The number of Holocaust dead in 1938 Hungarian borders were 220,000.[73]According to Martin Gilbert. The Jewish population of Hungary in the 1941 borders was 764,000 (445,000 in the 1938 borders and 319,000 in the annexed territories). Holocaust deaths in the 1938 borders was 200,000 not including 20,000 men conscripted as forced labor for the military.[237]
Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust includes those Jews who were resident in Holland in 1933. By 1940 the Jewish population had increased to 140,000 with the inclusion of 30,000 Jewish refugees.[235] In the Netherlands 8,000 Jews in mixed marriages were not subject to deportation.[238] However an article in the Dutch periodical De Groene Amsterdammer maintains that some Jews in mixed marriages were deported before the practice was ended by Hitler.[239]
Hungarian Jewish Holocaust victims within the 1939 borders were 200,000.[240]
Romanian Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 469,000 within 1939 borders, which includes 300,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U.S.S.R. in 1940.[240][241]
According to Martin Gilbert, Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 8,000 in Italy, and 562 in the Italian colony of Libya[242]

text: Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces

text: Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis.[243][244]

text:
Donald L. Niewyk professor of history at Southern Methodist University maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Using this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people.[245]
According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy.[246]
R.J. Rummel estimated the death toll due to Nazi Democide at 20.9 million persons.[247]
Timothy Snyder put the victims of the Nazis killed only as result of deliberate policies of mass murder such as executions, deliberate famine and in death camps at 10.4 million persons including 5.4 million Jews.[248]
German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7 million other victims of the Nazis.[249]
Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi era at between 12 and 14 million persons, including 5.6–5.7 million Jews.[250]
Roma Included in the figures of total war dead are the Roma victims of the Nazi persecution; some scholars include the Roma deaths with the Holocaust. Most estimates of Roma (Gypsies) victims range from 130,000 to 500,000.[245][251] Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, has argued in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma dead.[252] Hancock writes that, proportionately, the death toll equaled "and almost certainly exceed[ed], that of Jewish victims".[253] In a 2010 publication, Ian Hancock stated that he agrees with the view that the number of Romanis killed has been underestimated as a result of being grouped with others in Nazi records under headings such as "remainder to be liquidated", "hangers-on" and "partisans".[254]

text: The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[255]

text:
Country
Pre-war Roma population
Low estimate victims
High estimate victims

Austria
11,200
6,800
8,250

Belgium
600
350
500

Czech Republic[233]
13,000
5,000
6,500

Estonia
1,000
500
1,000

France
40,000
15,150
15,150

Germany
20,000
15,000
15,000

Greece
?
50
50

Hungary
100,000
1,000
28,000

Italy
25,000
1,000
1,000

Latvia
5,000
1,500
2,500

Lithuania
1,000
500
1,000

Luxembourg
200
100
200

Netherlands
500
215
500

Poland
50,000
8,000
35,000

Romania
300,000
19,000
36,000

Slovakia
80,000
400
10,000

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
200,000
30,000
35,000

Yugoslavia
100,000
26,000
90,000

Total
947,500
130,565
285,650

text:
Handicapped persons: 200,000 to 250,000 handicapped persons were killed.[256] A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 and Action 14f13 programs at 200,000.[257][258]
Prisoners of War: POW deaths in Nazi captivity totalled 3.1 million[259] including 2.6 to 3 million Soviet prisoners of war.[260]
Ethnic Poles: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "It is estimated that the Germans killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II."[261] They maintain that "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war."[262] However the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) in 2009 estimated 2,770,000 ethnic Polish deaths due to the German occupation[263] (see World War II casualties of Poland).
Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians: According to Nazi ideology, Slavs were useless sub-humans. As such, their leaders, the Soviet elite, were to be killed and the remainder of the population enslaved or expelled further eastward. As a result, millions of civilians in the Soviet Union were deliberately killed, starved, or worked to death.[264] Contemporary Russian sources use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war and wartime-related famine account for a major part of the huge toll.[265] The Cambridge History of Russia puts overall civilian deaths in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews. There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union. The authors maintain "scope for error in this number is very wide". At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways for these deaths", and "In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle. The general outline is clear: people died in colossal numbers but in many different miserable and terrible circumstances. But individual pieces of the puzzle do not fit well; some overlap and others are yet to be found".[266] Bohdan Wytwycky maintained that civilian losses of 3.0 million Ukrainians and 1.4 million Belarusians "were racially motivated".[267][268] According to Paul Robert Magocsi, between 1941 and 1945, approximately 3,000,000 Ukrainian and other non-Jewish victims were killed as part of Nazi extermination policies in the territory of modern Ukraine.[269] Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi policies in the USSR at 500,000 civilians killed in the repression of partisans, 1.0 million victims of the Nazi Hunger Plan, c. 3.0 million Soviet POW and 1.0 million Jews (in pre-war borders).[270] Soviet author Georgiy A. Kumanev put the civilian death toll in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 8.2 million (4.0 million Ukrainians, 2.5 million Belarusians, and 1.7 million Russians).[271] A report published by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995 put the death toll due to the German occupation at 13.7 million civilians (including Jews): 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2.2 million persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. Sources published in the Soviet Union were cited to support these figures.[272]
Homosexuals: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "Between 1933 and 1945 the police arrested an estimated 100,000 men as homosexuals. Most of the 50,000 men sentenced by the courts spent time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were interned in concentration camps." They also noted that there are no known statistics for the number of homosexuals who died in the camps.[273]
Other victims of Nazi persecution: Between 1,000 and 2,000 Roman Catholic clergy,[274] about 1,000 Jehovah's Witnesses,[275] and an unknown number of Freemasons[276] perished in Nazi prisons and camps. "The fate of black people from 1933 to 1945 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder."[277] During the Nazi era Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders were victims of Nazi persecution.[278]
Serbs: The numbers of Serbs murdered by the Ustaše is the subject of debate and estimates vary widely. Yad Vashem estimates over 500,000 murdered, 250,000 expelled and 200,000 forcibly converted to Catholicism.[279] The estimate of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is that the Ustaše murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia between 1941–45, with roughly 45,000 to 52,000 murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp alone.[280] According to the Wiesenthal Center at least 90,000 Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croatians perished at the hands of the Ustashe at the camp at Jasenovac.[281] According to Yugoslav sources published in the Tito era the estimates of the number of Serb victims range from 200,000 to at least 600,000 persons.[282] See also World War II persecution of Serbs.

text: Japanese war crimes

text: Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes.

text: R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,424,000. Detailed by country: China 3,695,000; Indochina 457,000; Korea 378,000; Indonesia 375,000; Malaya-Singapore 283,000; Philippines 119,000, Burma 60,000 and Pacific Islands 57,000.

text: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Detailed by country: China 12,392,000; Indochina 1,500,000; Korea 500,000; Dutch East Indies 3,000,000; Malaya and Singapore 100,000; Philippines 500,000; Burma 170,000; Forced laborers in Southeast Asia 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians; Timor 60,000; Thailand and Pacific Islands 60,000.[284]

text:
Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity.[285]
There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.[286][287]

text: Oppression in the Soviet Union

text: The total war dead in the USSR includes victims of Soviet oppression. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages.[288] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal.[289] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons.[290] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941–1945 at about 1 million based on data from the Soviet archives.[291] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era.[292][293] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll.[294][295] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB.[296] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre.[297] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 1939–40 and 5,458,000 from 1941–1945.[298] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps.[299]

text: In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation.[226] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000–100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets.[300] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000.[301]

text: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the U.S.S.R., 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.[302]

text:
The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives:
Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.[303]

text:
Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).
Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842.[304] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.[305]
Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000;Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.[306]
A total of 2,230,500[307] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.[308]

text: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069).[309] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.[310]

text: Military casualties by branch of service

text:
Country
Branch of service
Number served
Killed/missing
Wounded
Prisoners of war Captured
Percent killed

Germany
Army[311]
13,600,000
4,202,000

30.9

Germany
Air Force (including infantry units)[311]
2,500,000
433,000

17.3

Germany
Navy[311]
1,200,000
138,000

11.5

Germany
Waffen SS[311]
900,000
314,000

34.9

Germany
Volkssturm and other Paramilitary Forces[311]

231,000

Germany
Total (incl. conscripted foreigners)
18,200,000
5,318,000
6,035,000
11,100,000
29.2

Japan[312][313]
Army (1937–1945)
6,300,000
1,326,076
85,600
30,000
24.2

Japan
Navy (1941–1945)
2,100,000
414,879
8,900
10,000
19.8

Japan
POW dead after Surrender.[314][315][316]

381,000

Japan
Imperial Japan Total
8,400,000
2,121,955
94,500
40,000
25.3

Italy
Army
3,040,000
246,432

8.1

Italy
Navy
259,082[317]
31,347

12.0

Italy
Air Force
130,000[318]
13,210

10.2

Italy
Partisan forces
80,000[319] to 250,000[320][321]
35,828

14 to 44

Italy
RSI forces
520,000[322]
13,021 to 35,000

2.5 to 6.7

Italy
Total Italy
3,430,000[323][324]
319,207[325] to 341,000
320,000
1,300,000[326]
9.3 to 9.9

Soviet Union (1939–40)
All branches of service[327]

136,945
205,924

Soviet Union (1941–45)
All branches of service[328]
34,476,700
8,668,400
14,685,593
4,050,000
25.1

Soviet Union
Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below)[329]

500,000

Soviet Union
Civilians in POW camps (see note below)[330]

1,000,000

1,750,000

Soviet Union
Paramilitary and Soviet partisan units[331]

400,000

Soviet Union
Total Soviet Forces
34,476,700
10,725,345
14,915,517
5,750,000
31.1

British Empire and Commonwealth[332][333][334]
All branches of service
17,843,000
580,497
475,000
318,000
3.3

United States[335]
Army[336]
11,260,000
318,274
565,861
124,079[336][337]
2.8

United States
Air Force (included with Army)[336]
(3,400,000)
(88,119)
(17,360)

2.5

United States
Navy
4,183,446
62,614
37,778
3,848[338]
1.5

United States
Maritime Service
215,000
9,400
12,000
663[339]
4.5

United States
Marine Corps
669,100
24,511
68,207
2,274[340][341]
3.7

United States
Coast Guard[342]
241,093
1,917

0.8

United States
Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[343]
2,600
8[344]

0.3

United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps[345]

3

United States
Total U.S. Armed Forces
16,353,639
407,316
671,846
130,201[346][347]
2.5

text: Germany

text:
The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571 missing in action or unaccounted for after the war; 25,000 suicides; 12,000 unknown;[348] 459,475 confirmed POW deaths, of whom 77,000 were in the custody of the U.S., UK and France; and 363,000 in Soviet custody. POW deaths includes 266,000 in the post-war period after June 1945, primarily in Soviet captivity.[349]
Rüdiger Overmans writes "It seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of the 1.5 million missing on the eastern front were killed in action, the other half (700,000) however in fact died in Soviet custody".[350]
Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces POW taken in the war.[351]

tag: ol

text: USSR

text:
Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 1941–45 on the Eastern Front (World War II) including missing in action, POWs and Soviet partisans range from 8.6 to 10.6 million.[331] There were an additional 127,000 war dead in 1939–40 during the Winter War with Finland.[352]
The official figures for military war dead and missing in 1941–45 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths.[353] 500,000 missing in action and 1,103,300 POW dead and another 180,000 liberated POWs who most likely emigrated to other countries.[354][355][356] Figures include Navy losses of 154,771.[357] Non-combat deaths include 157,000 sentenced to death by court martial.[358]
Casualties in 1939–40 include the following dead and missing: Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931), Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139), Winter War with Finland (1939–40) (126,875).[327]
The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled.[359]
The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,016,000, including 180,000 who most likely emigrated to other countries, and an additional 939,700 POW and MIA who were redrafted as territory was liberated. This leaves 1,103,000 POW dead. However, western historians put the number of POW held by the Germans at 5.7 million and about 3 million as dead in captivity (in the official Russian figures 1.1 million are military POW and remaining balance of about 2 million are included with civilian war dead).[354][360]
Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as POWs before being listed on active strength. Soviet and Russian sources classify these losses as civilian deaths.[361]

text: British Commonwealth

text:
Number served: UK and Crown Colonies (5,896,000); India-(British colonial administration) (2,582,000), Australia (993,000); Canada (1,100,000); New Zealand (295,000); South Africa (250,000).[362]
Total war related deaths reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission: UK and Crown Colonies (383,786); India-(British colonial administration) (87,032), Australia (40,464); Canada (45,383); New Zealand (11,929); South Africa (11,903).[363]
Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone(according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606).[364][365]
Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363).[333][366][367]
Prisoner of war: UK and Crown Colonies (180,488); India-(British colonial administration) (79,481); Australia (26,358); South Africa (14,750); Canada (9,334); New Zealand (8,415).[333][366][367]
The Debt of Honour Register from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1.7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars.[368]

text: U.S.

text:
Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents)[336] were 292,131: Army 234,874 (including Army Air Forces 52,173); Navy 36,950; Marine Corps 19,733; and Coast Guard 574 (185,924 deaths occurred in the European/Atlantic theater of operations and 106,207 deaths occurred in Asia/Pacific theater of operations).[336][369]
During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany).[370]
During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World War II and 16 were killed in action.[371] During World War II, 26,000 Japanese-Americans served in the Armed Forces and over 800 were killed in action.[372]

text: Commonwealth military casualties

text: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 2014–2015[373] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UK Dependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947.


document_title: Man with a Plan (TV series)

question_text: who plays matt leblanc's mother in man with a plan

question_tokens: who plays matt leblanc 's mother in man with a plan

text: Man with a Plan (TV series)

text: Summary[edit]

text: This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (July 2018)

text: Adam Burns is a construction worker living in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with wife Andi, daughters Katie and Emme, and son Teddy. He looks forward to spending time with his family and hanging out with his friends, who are also co-educators: Lowell, Marie and Ms. Rodriguez. However, his elder daughter Katie, who was away at middle school; Teddy is becoming dimwitted child, whose intelligence is often issues; and youngest daughter Emme is a innocent child who often knows her parents will never let her get away with a lot issues.[9]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Matt LeBlanc as Adam Burns: The patriarch of the Burns household. Along with his brother, Don, he owns Burns Brothers Construction.
Liza Snyder as Andi Burns: The matriarch of the Burns household. As the series started, Andi went back to work as a medical lab technician.
Grace Kaufman as Kate Burns: The eldest Burns child. At the start of the series, Kate is 13-years-old. She is the sassy, rebellious child, who is often embarrassed by her parents. She’s now 15 in season 2.
Hala Finley as Emme Burns: The youngest child in the Burns family, who is 5-years-old at the start of the series. Emme is the younger, innocent child, who often knows her parents will never let her get away with a lot. She is 6-years old as of season 2.
Matthew McCann as Teddy Burns: The middle child in the Burns family, who is 12-years-old at the start of the series. Teddy is a very dimwitted child, whose intelligence is often ridiculed by the other characters, including his parents. Adam states that Teddy has his Uncle Don’s intelligence.
Jessica Chaffin as Marie Faldonado (episodes 1–13): One of Adam's fellow room parents, who is a promiscuous divorcee with children in both Emme and Kate's classes. After episode thirteen, Marie is never seen or mentioned again.
Matt Cook as Lowell: The other room parent and the Burns' friend. Lowell is a stay-at-home dad who relies on statistics and experts to help parent his children. In "The Three Amigos", he begins working with Adam and Don as their tech specialist after helping them land a lucrative job with a video presentation he created.
Diana-Maria Riva as Mrs. Rodriguez (season 1): Emme's kindergarten teacher and Adam's enemy.
Kevin Nealon as Don Burns: Adam's older brother, who co-owns Burns Brothers Construction alongside Adam. It is mentioned in "The Three Amigos" that Don handles sales for the business. He is very dim-witted like his nephew Teddy. He is married to Marcy, and together they have a son, Mikey, who is an ex-convict living in a studio apartment.
Stacy Keach as Joe Burns (season 2–present; recurring season 1): Adam and Don's father, who moved his camper into Adam and Andi's driveway.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kali Rocha as Marcy Burns, Don's wife.
Swoosie Kurtz as Beverly Burns, Adam and Don's mother.
Christine Woods as Lisa McCaffrey, Adam and Don's main client on a mall construction project.
Sherri Shepherd as Joy, the Burns' neighbor who is also the building inspector on Adam's job site.
Tim Meadows as Rudy, the Burns' neighbor and Joy's husband.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired122October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)May 15, 2017 (2017-05-15)221November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)May 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)11"Pilot"James BurrowsJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoOctober 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)7.42[10]
When her youngest child Emme starts kindergarten, Andi Burns goes back to work, forcing Adam, her contractor husband, to spend more time at home taking care of their three kids. Adam is clearly out of his element, while the kids want their mom back after spending only one day with their father.
22"Two Tickets to Paradise"James BurrowsJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoOctober 31, 2016 (2016-10-31)5.95[11]
When a vendor gives Adam two tickets to a Pittsburgh Steelers game, he offers to take his brother and business partner Don as a thank-you for Don covering him at work while he tends to the kids. Andi later sees the tickets and assumes Adam is taking her to celebrate the anniversary of their first date, which was also at a Steelers game, causing Adam to have to decide whom to disappoint.
33"The Puppet Theater"James BurrowsAlex HerschlagNovember 7, 2016 (2016-11-07)6.26[12]
When Mrs. Rodriguez accuses Adam of slacking in his role as Room Parent because he doesn't have time to make puppets for Teacher Appreciation Day, Adam threatens to transfer Emme into the other kindergarten class. This doesn't sit well with Andi, who considers Mrs. Rodriguez a superior teacher and says she had to do a lot of "butt kissing" to get Emme into her class.
44"Un-Dressed"Pamela FrymanJordan Reddout & Gus HickeyNovember 14, 2016 (2016-11-14)6.18[13]
After repeatedly being forced out of the house by Andi and the kids, Adam and Don want to turn the garage into a "man cave", but there's a problem – boxes and boxes of junk that Andi refuses to get rid of because they represent family memories.
55"Thanksgiving"James BurrowsMark GrossNovember 21, 2016 (2016-11-21)5.98[14]
Adam brings Emme's lunch to school and catches Andi secretly meeting with Mrs. Rodriguez about an upcoming Thanksgiving meal for 30 at the school. Andi tells Adam she didn't think he could handle this task, which hurts Adam enough that he wants to prove her wrong.
66"Holey War"James BurrowsTommy JohnaginDecember 5, 2016 (2016-12-05)6.18[15]
When the kids put a hole in the wall with their rowdy play, Adam's and Andi's different approaches to parenting are put to the test. Each tries to get the kids to turn on each other and identify the culprit, but the resolve of their children is surprisingly strong.
77"Winter Has Come"James BurrowsFarhan ArshadDecember 12, 2016 (2016-12-12)6.62[16]
To get out of his usual Christmas chores, Adam convinces Andi's parents to host a family Christmas at their home in Virginia Beach. He orders all of the kids' gifts online and has them delivered to Virginia Beach, but his plan backfires when they get snowed in on the day of their trip. Forced to improvise, Adam has to pull off a "Christmas miracle" to avoid disappointing the kids and angering Andi.
88"Adam Steps Up"Pamela FrymanGregg MettlerDecember 19, 2016 (2016-12-19)6.17[17]
Andi tries to take Emme and Teddy to the zoo, but gets stuck in traffic for hours. This causes Adam to have to deal with Kate getting her first period without Andi's help.
99"What About Bob?"Pamela FrymanTommy JohnaginJanuary 2, 2017 (2017-01-02)6.55[18]
After Andi confesses that one of her new work friends is a man named Bob (Gary Anthony Williams), she is surprised and a little hurt when Adam doesn't exhibit his usual jealousy. She then tells fake stories to enhance Bob's charm and talents, not knowing that Adam was jealous all along and was just trying to hide it.
1010"A Dinner Gone Wrong"Pamela FrymanMark GrossJanuary 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)7.70[19]
The Burns' plans for a couples trip to Las Vegas with Don and Marcy are put in jeopardy when Andi realizes that Marcy is the girl who teased her and gave her an unflattering nickname back in high school. Meanwhile, Teddy stops hanging out with the few friends he has in school to spend all of his free time with his online gaming buddies, making his parents concerned.
1111"The Talk"Pamela FrymanAlex HerschlagJanuary 23, 2017 (2017-01-23)7.69[20]
When Andi and Adam find a topless woman's photo on Teddy's tablet, Andi makes Adam have "the talk" with his son, saying she took care of it with Kate. After an uncomfortable talk that shocks Teddy, Adam learns that the newly body-conscious Kate was the one looking at the topless photo out of curiosity, and that Kate learned about sex from a school health class, not from Andi.
1212"The Three Amigos"Phill LewisJordan Reddout & Gus HickeyFebruary 6, 2017 (2017-02-06)7.25[21]
Adam is less than thrilled when Andi invites Lowell over to watch the hockey game with him and Don, but Adam's attitude changes when he learns Lowell can make a killer multimedia presentation for a construction client the Burns Brothers are trying to woo. Don takes this as a slap in the face, given that he's always handled sales his own way. Elsewhere, Mrs. Rodriguez confesses to Andi that she had an erotic dream about Adam.
1313"Valentine's Day"James BurrowsGregg MettlerFebruary 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)7.20[22]
Adam has every detail for a fancy Valentine's Day dinner with Andi planned out, except getting a babysitter. After striking out with Marie and Lowell, Kate reminds her dad that she's 13 and can babysit. This pleases Adam, but Andi isn't so sure that Kate is ready. After Andi reluctantly agrees, she and Adam go to the restaurant and find that Don has stolen Adam's reservation.
1414"Kate's First Date"Pamela FrymanFarhan ArshadFebruary 20, 2017 (2017-02-20)6.75[23]
Kate is excited about going on her first date with a classmate named Royce, something that Andi approved without consulting Adam. After Adam checks Royce's Instagram page and sees that he may be a bit of a "player", he tries to scare the boy away. Meanwhile, Don can't think of a good gift for Marcy's birthday, so he seeks help from Lowell.
1515"Assisted Living"Pamela FrymanJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoFebruary 27, 2017 (2017-02-27)6.61[24]
Adam's parents, Joe (Stacy Keach) and Bev (Swoosie Kurtz), stop by in their motor home for a visit. After Joe learns that Adam is now taking care of the kids, he and Bev propose they stay to help, and they begin to live in the Burns' driveway.
1616"The A Team"Pamela FrymanAlex HerschlagMarch 13, 2017 (2017-03-13)6.34[25]
Andi and Adam have Lowell and his wife Jen over for dinner, fully expecting Jen to be as lame as Lowell is, but Jen (Jenna Dewan Tatum) turns out to be pretty and interesting. Later, after Jen and Lowell appear to make up an excuse to leave, Andi and Adam start to think it is themselves who have become the lame couple.
1717"Doctor No"Pamela FrymanGregg MettlerMarch 20, 2017 (2017-03-20)5.32[26]
When Adam discovers that Joe hasn't been to the doctor in almost ten years, he urges his father to make an appointment. Andi soon also discovers that the doctor Adam says he's been going to annually retired five years ago. Joe, Adam and Don all get checkups with a new doctor, and the result is that Joe needs a colonoscopy. Meanwhile, Bev takes advantage of Lowell's kind nature by asking him to drive her everywhere.
1818"The Blame Game"James BurrowsTommy JohnaginApril 10, 2017 (2017-04-10)5.33[27]
Adam and Don learn their wives don't get as mad at their screw-ups if they simply blame them on each other. Things take a turn for the worse for Adam when Andi finds out their scheme, especially because it dredges up baggage from their past.
1919"Spring Fling"Pamela FrymanStory by: Mark GrossApril 17, 2017 (2017-04-17)5.42[28]
A problem arises when Lisa (Christine Woods), the mall construction client, tells Adam that Don isn't professional enough to attend an upcoming meeting with HR and executives, causing Adam to try to find a way to let his brother down easy. With Adam busy, Andi offers to take some time off and be room parent for a while, mainly because she wants to schmooze Mrs. Rodriguez into recommending Emme for the "good" first grade class. Andi regrets this when Mrs. Rodriguez asks her to organize the entire Spring Fling for the kindergarteners.
2020"Dirty Money"James BurrowsStory by: Farhan ArshadTeleplay by: Jordan Reddout & Gus HickeyMay 1, 2017 (2017-05-01)5.36[29]
Adam and Andi regret accepting a loan from Joe after he uses it as an excuse to insert himself into their lives. Bev and Marcy battle over who should host Don's birthday party. Meanwhile, Don panics when he learns from Lowell that Marcy donated his old laptop to the library.
2121"Operation False Freedom"Gail MancusoStory by: Jeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoMay 8, 2017 (2017-05-08)5.16[30]
Convinced that Kate lied to them about going to the library, but unable to prove it, Adam and Andi activate the GPS tracker on her phone. Kate discovers their ploy and throws them off her trail by planting the phone in Don's pocket. Andi and Adam find Kate innocently hanging out with friends at a coffee shop. While still mad that she deceived them, the two agree that Kate should have more freedom now that she's turned 14.
2222"Buzzer Beater"Gail MancusoStory by: Gregg MettlerMay 15, 2017 (2017-05-15)5.73[31]
Upon seeing Don and Marcy with their new granddaughter, Andi gets the itch to have another child. Adam insists they are too old, but after Emme refuses to kiss him when he drops her off at kindergarten, he also gets on board. When they later see Don and Marcy completely frazzled from spending a couple days with an infant, Adam and Andi regret their decision and have to sweat out the results of a pregnancy test.

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)231"The Silver Fox"Andy CadiffMark GrossNovember 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)5.38[32]
To give Kate a break from babysitting, Andi hires a young volunteer from her hospital named Sophia (Victoria Justice) to watch the kids. While Adam worries that Sophia will become attracted to a "silver fox" like himself, Andi is more jealous that Kate goes to Sophia for advice. Sophia later tells Adam she has the hots for him, but when he tells Andi, she doesn't believe him.
242"Andi's Boyfriend"Andy CadiffTommy JohnaginNovember 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)5.44[33]
Adam gets a visit from Pastor Carl (Jonathan Adams), who is making amends for a past gambling addiction. Pastor Carl says he gambled away money that he was supposed to use to renew his license to wed people, meaning Adam and Andi are not legally married. Making matters worse, Pastor Carl was not Andi's first choice, but the frugal Adam hired him because he was cheaper. Adam tries to set up a renewal of vows with a licensed official, without telling Andi about Carl.
253"The Parents Strike Back"Andy CadiffRob Des HotelNovember 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)5.70[34]
Frustrated by the messes in their kids' bedrooms, Adam and Andi decide to withhold allowances until the rooms are cleaner. Kate convinces her younger siblings they can break their parents by just letting the filth build up even more, so the kids tell mom and dad they are on strike. Taking a tip from Joe, Adam and Andi decide to retaliate by making things as miserable as possible for their children.
264"Into the Weeds"Gail MancusoJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoDecember 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)6.42[35]
When Adam finds out that a boy Kate is dating was caught by his mother possessing marijuana, he wants to be strict with Kate while Andi opts for a more relaxed approach. Adam learns that Joe, who was always strict with him and Don about drugs, has a pot prescription for his arthritis. Things get interesting when Adam unknowingly eats some of Joe's "special" gummy candy.
275"Battle of the Sexists"Andy CadiffEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerDecember 11, 2017 (2017-12-11)5.70[36]
Andi accuses Adam and Don of being sexist when they only interview male candidates for a shop foreman position on the mall project. Adam soon hires a female named Zara (Lilah Richcreek), partly to please Andi but also because she is the most qualified for the job. Andi regrets her accusation against Adam when Don recognizes the pretty new shop foreman as a former dancer at a strip club. Meanwhile, Adam and Andi fight the school to allow Kate to play on the boys soccer team.
286"Adam Gets Neighborly"Victor GonzalezTommy Johnagin & Farhan ArshadDecember 18, 2017 (2017-12-18)5.61[37]
After Adam has alienated most of the neighbors, Andi suggests they start fresh with new neighbors Joy (Sherri Shepherd) and Rudy (Tim Meadows), who have just moved in. But there's a problem: Adam has already gotten on the bad side of Joy, a building inspector, when she visited his job site.
297"We Can Be Heroes"Victor GonzalezGregg MettlerJanuary 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)6.68[38]
Adam and Andi experience money problems with Teddy needing glasses and Kate needing braces. The two make a budget and decide to give up some luxuries, mainly Adam's cable sports subscription, which has Don, Joe and Lowell upset because they are always at the house watching games. Adam later forces Andi to give up her expensive hairdresser, after Joe discovers she had it listed as a necessity, not a luxury.
308"Lice Lice Baby"Gail MancusoFarhan ArshadJanuary 22, 2018 (2018-01-22)6.74[39]
Adam worries about how Lisa, his boss at the mall job site, will react when he has to bring Teddy and Emme to work. He gets even more worried when the Burns kids are diagnosed with lice, and he later sees Lisa scratching her head at an awards banquet. Meanwhile, Andi realizes how distant she's become from her kids when she is the only family member to not catch lice from them.
319"The Gunfight"Andy CardiffGregg MettlerJanuary 29, 2018 (2018-01-29)6.64[40]
Joe and Beverly prepare to watch the kids for a few days so that Adam and Andi can take a much-needed trip to Las Vegas. Andi worries a bit when Joe says he plans to teach Teddy to shoot Adam's old BB gun, then wants to pull the plug on the vacation when she learns that Joe also has real guns in the house. Joe and Adam take Andi to a shooting range to show her that guns are okay in responsible hands, but then it's Adam who worries when he sees Joe mistake his gun for his cellphone. Elsewhere, Don brings the BB gun to Lowell's house to help eradicate the woodchuck that is eating Lowell's tomatoes, but he ends up shooting Lowell.
3210"Adam's Turtle-y Awesome Valentine's Day"Gail MancusoJessica RunckFebruary 5, 2018 (2018-02-05)6.46[41]
When Andi convinces Adam that she does not want to exchange gifts for Valentine’s Day, Adam takes the gold necklace with pictures of their three children that he’d already bought for Andi and gives it to Beverly. Unknown to Adam, Andi had just discovered the hidden necklace moments before Adam’s decision, and she is now looking forward to receiving it. Beverly is so giddy about the necklace that Adam is stuck with a difficult decision.
3311"Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner"Victor GonzalezEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerFebruary 26, 2018 (2018-02-26)5.92[42]
When Adam gets tired of constantly having to accompany Beverly at bingo, he suggests to Andi that she get his mom a job as a hospital volunteer. Beverly loves the job, only to make Joe feel lonely. To compensate for his loneliness, Joe starts spending his time with Adam and Andi and expects them to wait on him like Beverly used to do.
3412"Everybody's a Winner"Joanna KernsMark GrossMarch 5, 2018 (2018-03-05)5.90[43]
When a senior asks Kate to the spring dance at school, Adam is staunchly against it while Andi says Kate is mature enough to let her go. While discussing the issue with Joe, Lowell and Don, Adam learns Joe's "silent negotiation" technique. Adam tries it on Andi and, sure enough, she talks herself into realizing it's a bad idea to let Kate go on the date. But neighbor Joy soon tips off Andi to what Adam did, because her husband uses it on her, and she gives Andi a way to fight back.
3513"The Party Planner"Ben WeissRob DesHotelMarch 12, 2018 (2018-03-12)6.35[44]
Following several years of failed, uninspired gifts for Andi's birthday, Adam decides to throw her a party with their family members, as well as Lowell and his wife Jen. When Don and Marcy pass on the party because of Marcy's previous engagement, Adam replaces them with Joy and Rudy, despite Andi's protest that they should reschedule. While Adam insists that he can handle planning the party, Don and Marcy meet Joy and Rudy at a grocery store, throwing a wrench into Adam's scheme.
3614"March Madness"Victor GonzalezTommy JohnaginMarch 19, 2018 (2018-03-19)5.45[45]
When their schedules don't line up and they realize the kids will be alone for two hours after school, Adam and Andi hire Rudy to install security cameras inside and outside the house. Adam and Andi inadvertently make a sex tape, which inspires them to make another. The two then go on a wild chase for the tablet that has the footage when Beverly borrows it because hers broke down, then gives it to Don to give back to Adam. The tablet is subsequently picked up by Lowell, who mistook it for his own when he was at Don's house.
3715"Out With The In-Laws"Victor GonzalezJackie Filgo & Jeff FilgoMarch 26, 2018 (2018-03-26)5.44[46]
Adam and Andi think they can finally be happily alone for a holiday when their feuding parents each back out of coming to the house on Easter Sunday because the other set of parents will be there. But the plans are threatened when Joe and Bev scheme to take the kids to Disney World for the holiday, while Andi's parents (Dan Lauria and Nancy Lenehan) arrive a day early to claim "Easter Eve" for themselves.
3816"April Fools"Pamela FrymanEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerApril 9, 2018 (2018-04-09)5.48[47]
While Adam, the kids, Don and Joe all enjoy pulling April Fool's pranks, Andi reminds Adam that she hates pranks due to a traumatic experience with one when she was seven years old. Adam is sure that an unscary, funny prank will change Andi's mind, but his attempts fail. Adam would have done better to be on his guard, because Andi has a surprise up her sleeve.
3917"King for a Day"Victor GonzalezJessica RunckApril 16, 2018 (2018-04-16)5.06[48]
After Andi discourages Adam from giving Emme a princess gown because it reinforces undesired female stereotypes, she mentions a lie she told Kate years ago for the same reason. Andi then defends her practice of protecting her children through little white lies, which she calls "love bubbles". Adam seems to accept her explanation, until he realizes that Andi does the same to him, particularly with regard to a recliner he wanted to buy that she said was unsafe.
4018"The Burns System"Victor GonzalezFarhan ArshadApril 30, 2018 (2018-04-30)4.79[49]
Adam is excited when Joe needs a new car and takes him along to learn the "Burns System" at the dealership, given that Joe has always had Don accompany him before. But when they get there, Adam is upset to learn that Joe asked Don to arrive at the last minute and be the "closer". Elsewhere, Andi and Marcy try to get rid of a pet snake that Emme brought home.
4119"We Hate Money"Victor GonzalezRob Des HotelMay 7, 2018 (2018-05-07)4.91[50]
Mall client Lisa tells Adam and Don that she has to go away to work on herself, and that her replacement wants a different contractor to take over for Burns Brothers. With no other prospects, Adam and Don decide they need to make a commercial, with Lowell's help. When the filming starts, Don is fine but Adam freezes on camera, leading to his part having to be played by local actor Leif Forrest (Geoff Stults). Meanwhile, as the only current breadwinner, Andi is determined to ask for a raise at her job, only to learn that her department is being gutted and she's getting laid off.
4220"We Got a Girl"Pamela FrymanMark GrossMay 14, 2018 (2018-05-14)5.46[51]
After Adam and Andi determine that Lisa's issues stem from her being lonely, they enlist help from Don, Marcy and Lowell to find a man for her in hopes of getting Adam back to work. They ultimately decide to set up Lisa with Leif Forrest, who helped on the Burns Brothers commercial, only to later learn that Leif is Lisa's ex-husband.
4321"Family Business"Victor GonzalezGregg MettlerMay 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)5.69[52]
When Andi successfully helps Bev and Joe design their kitchen remodel and Adam builds it, Andi and Adam begin to think they might have a future working together professionally rebuilding and selling old houses.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On February 3, 2016, the production officially received a pilot order and James Burrows would direct the pilot.[53] The pilot was written by Jackie and Jeff Filgo who was also set to executive produce alongside with Michael Rotenberg and Troy Zien. Production companies involved with the pilot include Double Double Bonus Entertainment, CBS Television Studios, and 3 Arts Entertainment. On May 12, 2016, it was announced that CBS had given the production, now titled Man with a Plan, a series order.[54] A day after that, it was announced that the series would premiere in the fall of 2016 and air on Mondays at 8:30 P.M.

text: On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a second season[55] which premiered on November 13, 2017.[56] On November 27, 2017, CBS ordered eight additional episodes for the second season, bringing the total to 21 episodes.[57] On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a third season.[58]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Casting for the main cast started in February 2016 with Matt LeBlanc and ended the next month with Matt Cook and Grace Kaufman.[59] On May 13, 2016, it was reported that Jenna Fischer, who was originally cast to play the female lead opposite LeBlanc in the series, had exited and her role would be recast.[60] On August 1, it was announced Liza Snyder would replace Fischer in the role.[61] On August 2, 2016, it was reported that Kevin Nealon had joined the cast in a main role.[62]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Man with a Plan has received generally negative reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 21%, based on 28 reviews, with an average rating of 3.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Man with a Plan's flawed, unimaginative writing fails to properly showcase the charm of its unfortunately underperforming lead."[63] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the series has a score 36 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[64]

text: Seasonal ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)
18–49 rating(average)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Monday 8:30 pm

22

October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)

7.42[10]

May 8, 2017 (2017-05-08)

5.73[31]
2016–17
47
7.41
1.5[65]

2

21

November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)

5.38[32]

May 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)

5.69[52]
2017–18
61
6.78
1.2[66]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)

1

"Pilot"

October 24, 2016
1.6/5
7.42[10]

2

"Two Tickets to Paradise"

October 31, 2016
1.3/5
5.95[11]

3

"The Puppet Theatre"

November 7, 2016
1.4/4
6.26[12]

4

"Un-Dressed"

November 14, 2016
1.3/5
5.18[13]

5

"Thanksgiving"

November 21, 2016
1.3/5
5.98[14]

6

"Holey War"

December 5, 2016
1.2/4
6.18[15]

7

"Winter Has Come"

December 12, 2016
1.2/4
6.62[16]

8

"Adam Steps Up"

December 19, 2016
1.1/4
6.17[17]

9

"What About Bob?"

January 2, 2017
1.2/4
6.55[18]

10

"A Dinner Gone Wrong"

January 16, 2017
1.5/5
7.70[19]

11

"The Talk"

January 23, 2017
1.6/5
7.69[20]

12

"The Three Amigos"

February 6, 2017
1.4/5
7.25[21]

13

"Valentine's Day"

February 13, 2017
1.4/5
7.20[22]

14

"Kate's First Date"

February 20, 2017
1.3/5
6.75[23]

15

"Assisted Living"

February 27, 2017
1.2/4
6.62[24]

16

"The A Team"

March 13, 2017
1.1/4
6.34[25]

17

"Doctor No"

March 20, 2017
1.0/4
5.32[26]

18

"The Blame Game"

April 10, 2017
1.0/4
5.33[27]

19

"Spring Fling"

April 17, 2017
1.0/4
5.42[28]

20

"Dirty Money"

May 1, 2017
1.0/4
5.36[29]

21

"Operation False Freedom"

May 8, 2017
1.0/4
5.16[30]

22

"Buzzer Beater"

May 15, 2017
1.1/4
5.73[31]

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)

1

"The Silver Fox"

November 13, 2017
1.0/4
5.38[32]

2

"Andi's Boyfriend"

November 20, 2017
1.0/4
5.44[33]

3

"The Parents Strike Back"

November 27, 2017
1.1/4
5.70[34]

4

"Into the Weeds"

December 4, 2017
1.1/4
6.42[35]

5

"Battle of the Sexists"

December 11, 2017
1.0/4
5.70[36]

6

"Adam Gets Neighborly"

December 18, 2017
0.9/3
5.61[37]

7

"We Can Be Heroes"

January 15, 2018
1.2/5
6.68[38]

8

"Lice Lice Baby"

January 22, 2018
1.2/4
6.74[39]

9

"The Gunfight"

January 29, 2018
1.1/4
6.64[40]

10

"Adam's Turtle-y Awesome Valentine's Day"

February 5, 2018
1.1/4
6.46[41]

11

"Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner"

February 26, 2018
1.0/4
5.92[42]

12

"Everybody's a Winner"

March 5, 2018
1.0/4
5.90[43]

13

"The Party Planner"

March 12, 2018
1.0/4
6.35[44]

14

"March Madness"

March 19, 2018
0.9/4
5.45[45]

15

"Out With the In-Laws"

March 26, 2018
0.9/4
5.44[46]

16

"April Fools"

April 9, 2018
0.9/4
5.48[47]

17

"King for a Day"

April 16, 2018
0.8/3
5.06[48]

18

"The Burns System"

April 30, 2018
0.8/3
4.79[49]

19

"We Hate Money"

May 7, 2018
0.9/4
4.91[50]

20

"We Got a Girl"

May 14, 2018
1.0/4
5.46[51]

21

"Family Business"

May 21, 2018
1.0/4
5.69[52]


document_title: Regional accreditation

question_text: what are the six regional accrediting associations in the united states

text: Regional accreditation

text: List of regional accreditors[edit]

text: The following are the seven active regional accrediting agencies for educational institutions in the United States:[5][6]

text:
Middle States Commission on Higher Education, formerly part of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools - Postsecondary institutions in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. Since 2006, the Middle States Association has been part of AdvancED, which accredits only pre-college institutions.
New England Association of Schools and Colleges - Educational institutions in the six New England states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont).
Higher Learning Commission, formerly part of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools[7] - Educational institutions in Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Since 2006, the North Central Association has been part of AdvancED.
Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU) for postsecondary institutions in Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Since 2012, the Northwest Accreditation Commission for primary and secondary schools has been a division of AdvancED.
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools - Educational institutions in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.
Western Association of Schools and Colleges - 4-year educational institutions in California, Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Micronesia, Palau, and Northern Marianas Islands, as well as schools for American children in Asia.
Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges, formerly part of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges - 2-year educational institutions in California, Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Micronesia, Palau, and Northern Marianas Islands, as well as schools for American children in Asia.

text: The seven organizations form the Council of Regional Accrediting Commissions (C-RAC).[8] Each regional accrediting commission's executive directors and commission chairs sit on C-RAC and periodically promulgate principles and guidelines which are followed by the regional commissions. Although the principles do not replace individual commission regulations, they provide a basis for assessing accreditation practice between regions.[9]

text: All regional agencies have accrediting authority for colleges and universities, 2-year, 4-year, or both. Some agencies also have accrediting authority over K-12 schools (primary and secondaryschools). Both the northwestern and mid-Atlantic regions divide responsibility between two separate accreditation agencies with one focusing on primary and secondary schools and the other focusing on postsecondary institutions.[10][11][12]  In the western region, there is a separate commission that accredits 2-year colleges.

text: History[edit]

text: The regional accrediting agencies were established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to a perceived need for better articulation between secondary schools and higher education institutions (the school offered the courses the college needed applicants to have taken; this helped colleges and universities evaluate prospective students).[13][14] The New England Association was formed in 1885 by a group of schoolmasters of secondary schools. The Middle States Association formed in 1887.[13] The faculty of Vanderbilt University led the establishment of the Southern Association in 1895, and the North Central Association was organized the same year at a meeting of 36 administrators of midwestern schools, colleges, and universities.[13][14] The Northwest Association of Secondary and Higher Schools (predecessor of the two organizations that now serve that region) was formed in 1917 and the Western Association was founded in 1923.[13]

text: Initially the main focus of the organizations was on accreditation of secondary schools and establishment of uniform college entrance requirements.[13][14] Regional accreditation replaced other methods, such as the Association of American Universities's "AAU Accepted List" (1914-1948).[15]

text: Accreditation first emerged as a regional rather than national activity because it typically involved site visits, and the fastest transportation available at the time was the railroad.[citation needed]

text: Regional accreditation vs. national accreditation[edit]

text: Regionally accredited institutions are usually academically oriented, state-owned or non-profit private institutions.[16] Nationally accredited schools are usually career-oriented and for profit. Both regional and national accreditations are recognized by the United States Department of Education (U.S.DoED) [1], the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).

text: Every college in the United States has the right to set standards and to accept or refuse to accept transfer credits.[17] If a student has attended a school that is not regionally accredited, it may be difficult or impossible to have the credits, or even the degree earned, recognized by a regionally accredited college (or employer).[18] A 2005 study by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that, in making decisions on credit transfer, about 84 percent of U.S. higher education institutions considered whether the sending institution is accredited, and many had policies stating that they would accept credits only from regionally accredited institutions.[19] About 63 percent of institutions told the GAO that they would accept credit from any regionally accredited institution, but only 14 percent similarly accepted credits from nationally accredited schools.[19] Regionally accredited institutions are reluctant to accept credits from nationally accredited institutions due, in part, to national accreditors' less stringent standards for criteria such as faculty qualifications and library resources.[19] Students who anticipate transferring credits from a nationally accredited school to a regionally accredited one are advised to verify in advance that the credits will be accepted.[20][18][17][unreliable source?]

text: In general, the names of U.S. post-secondary institutions and their degree titles do not indicate whether the institution is accredited or the type of accreditation it holds. Rules on this topic vary from state to state.  For example, Tennessee Higher Education Commission regulations require that post-secondary institutions in the state of Tennessee must be regionally accredited to use the word "university" in their names, and that a school lacking regional accreditation may not use the word "college" in its name without adding a qualifier such as "career", "vocational", "business", "technical", "art", "Bible", or "Christian". Tennessee rules also specify that only regionally accredited schools can issue liberal arts degrees or degree titles such as Associate of Arts or Science and Bachelor of Arts or Science.[21][dead link]