document_title: Total Bellas

question_text: how many episodes of total bellas season 2

text: Total Bellas

text: Production[edit]

text: On April 20, 2016, it was announced via E! Online that Brie and Nikki Bella would be getting a spin-off show entitled Total Bellas. The show revolves around the lives of the twins and their family.[3] Filming for the first season was set in Tampa, Florida as Brie Bella and Daniel Bryan moved in with Nikki Bella and John Cena to help Nikki after her neck surgery. Brie and Nikki's brother JJ and his wife Lauren had a recurring role along with their mother Kathy Colace and her now husband John Laurinaitis.

text: On November 16, 2016, it was announced that E! renewed the show for a second season.[4] The second season was filmed in Phoenix, Arizona as Nikki Bella and John Cena move in with Brie Bella and Daniel Bryan to help Brie through her first pregnancy. In addition to Brie's growing baby bump, the new season will document Daniel's travels under his new role as General Manager of WWE's SmackDown Live.[5]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Brie Bella
Nikki Bella
Daniel Bryan
John Cena

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kathy Colace-Laurinaitis (Brie & Nikki's mother)
J.J. Garcia (Brie & Nikki's brother)
John Laurinaitis (WWE employee & Kathy's husband)
Lauren "Lola" Garcia (J.J.'s wife)

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Alicia Fox (WWE Superstar)
Becky Lynch (WWE Superstar)
Jimmy Uso (WWE Superstar)
Lana (WWE Superstar)
Maria Menounos (Television personality)
Mark Carrano (WWE Senior Director of Talent Relations)
Natalya (WWE Superstar)
Renee Young (WWE Commentator)
Sami Zayn (WWE Superstar)
Sandra Gray (WWE's former seamstress)

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
6
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)

2
8
September 6, 2017 (2017-09-06)
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Cena House Rules"
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
101
0.63[6]

Brie and Bryan move into John's home to care for Nicole after her surgery in the series premiere of this Total Divas spin-off, which offers a glimpse into Brie and Nicole Bella's life outside the ring with their significant others and family. John's strict house rules have the new guests walking on eggshells to keep him happy.

2
2
"Quickie Fix"
October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)
102
0.75[7]

A sex rut causes a relationship strain for Brie and Bryan and a bored Nicole takes it upon herself to come up with an idea to help the couple out of their dry spell. Meanwhile, tensions rise as Johnny tells the men about his prenup plans with Kathy.

3
3
"Who's the Boss?"
October 19, 2016 (2016-10-19)
103
0.62[8]

Nicole is determined to help Bryan figure out his next steps after retirement and J.J. feels under appreciated by his mother and boss Kathy, he considers pursuing other career opportunities outside of their family business.

4
4
"Bryan's Breaking Point"
October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26)
104
0.63[9]

Bryan and Nicole get caught in an argument over their different views for the future and Brie, Nicole, J.J., Kathy and Lauren go on a bachelorette trip to Naples, Florida.

5
5
"Bella Family Secrets"
November 2, 2016 (2016-11-02)
105
0.53[10]

Nicole questions whether Brie is making the right decision by putting Bryan before her career and a potentially life-altering secret comes to light.

6
6
"Wedding Mania"
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)
106
0.66[11]

Emotions run high in the days leading up to Kathy and Johnny's wedding; Nicole is still concerned with Brie's focus as her retirement match at WrestleMania fast approaches and Bryan's mental state is questioned.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

7
1
"A Desert Dilemma"
September 6, 2017 (2017-09-06)
201
0.68[12]

A decision that could affect the family is left in Nicole and John's hands; J.J. and Lauren take some time apart, and Brie poses nude for her maternity shoot, which Bryan feels uncomfortable with.

8
2
"Marital Mayhem"
September 13, 2017 (2017-09-13)
202
0.55[13]

Nicole has concerns when J.J. wants to get advice from John about his marital problems; Kathy suspects Nicole of cheating, and Brie gives Bryan a feel of what it's like to give birth.

9
3
"Who's Your Mama?"
September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20)
203
0.57[14]

Lauren and J.J. embark on counseling to fix their marriage; Bryan is skeptical with his and Brie's registry that comes to a dis-invite from the baby shower, and Nicole tries to fulfill her loneliness by gaining custody over her dog, Winston.

10
4
"Power Struggle"
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
204
0.56[15]

Nicole and John embark on a new storyline together for the first time in their careers; Kathy's sex life surprises her kids, and a legal matter sends the family for a loop.

11
5
"Wine About It"
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
205
0.53[16]

The launch of the new Bella wine has Bryan disapproving Brie tasting the wine while pregnant; J.J. ends up injuring Nicole, and Kathy has a breakdown.

12
6
"The Wrong Move"
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
206
0.55[17]

The results of a DNA test constructed by Bryan leaves everyone shocked; J.J. gets into a bet about gaining more followers on social media, and Nicole's WrestleMania match with John is left to be questioned after an injury scare.

13
7
"Countdown to Mania"
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
207
0.56[18]

Nicole is determined to get back in the ring in time for WrestleMania; J.J. decides to renew his vows with Lauren, while Brie and Bryan get things in order before the birth of their daughter.

14
8
"Bella-Mania"
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
208
0.67[19]

Nicole embarks on the journey to what could be her last WrestleMania match; John asks Nicole a huge question, while Brie and Bryan welcome their daughter into the world.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
ref

2016
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Female Athlete
The Bella Twins
Won
[20]

2017
Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Female Athlete
The Bella Twins
Nominated
[21]

2017
Teen Choice Awards
Best Reality Show
Total Bellas
Nominated
[22]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The show is broadcast in New Zealand on the local E! network.

text: The series is also available on Hulu.


document_title: Bicycle kick

question_text: how do you say bicycle kick in spanish

question_tokens: how do you say bicycle kick in spanish

root

text: Bicycle kick

text: Name[edit]

text: The bicycle kick is known in English by three names: bicycle kick, overhead kick, and scissors kick. The term "bicycle kick" describes the action of the legs while the body is in mid-air, resembling the pedalling of a bicycle.[3] The manoeuvre is also called an "overhead kick", which refers to the ball being kicked above the head,[4] or a "scissors kick", reflecting the movement of two scissor blades coming together.[5] Some authors differentiate the "scissors kick" as similar to a bicycle kick, but done sideways or at an angle;[6] other authors consider them to be the same move.[7]

tag: p

text: In languages other than English, its name also reflects the action it resembles. Sports journalist Alejandro Cisternas, from Chilean newspaper El Mercurio, compiled a list of these names.[8] In most cases, they either refer to the kick's scissor-like motion, such as the French ciseaux retourné (returned scissor) and the Greek psalidaki, or to its bicycle-like action, such as the Portuguese pontapé de bicicleta.[8] In other languages, the nature of the action is described: German Fallrückzieher (falling backward kick), Polish przewrotka (overturn kick), Dutch omhaal (turnaround drag), and Italian rovesciata (reversed kick).[8]

text: Exceptions to these naming patterns are found in languages that designate the move by making reference to a location, such as the Norwegian brassespark (Brazilian kick).[8][9] This exception is most significant in Spanish, where a fierce controversy exists between Chile and Peru—as part of their historic sports rivalry—over the naming of the bicycle kick; Chileans know it as the chilena, while Peruvians call it the chalaca.[10][B] Regardless, the move is also known in Spanish by the less tendentious names of tijera and tijereta—both a reference to the manoeuvre's scissor-like motion.[16]

text: Execution[edit]

text: A bicycle kick's successful performance generally requires great skill and athleticism.[17] To perform a bicycle kick, the ball must be airborne so that the player can hit it while doing a backflip; the ball can either come in the air towards the player, such as from a cross, or the player can flick the ball up into the air.[18] The non-kicking leg should rise first to help propel the body up while the kicking leg makes the jump.[19] While making the leap, the body's back should move rearwards until it is parallel to the ground.[20] As the body reaches peak height, the kicking leg should snap toward the ball as the non-kicking leg is simultaneously brought down to increase the kick's power.[21] Vision should stay focused on the ball until the foot strikes it.[22] The arms should be used for balance and to diminish the impact from the fall.[5]

text: Bicycle kicks are generally done in two situations, one defensive and the other offensive. A defensive bicycle kick is done when a player facing his side's goal uses the action to clear the ball in the direction opposite his side's goalmouth. Sports historian Richard Witzig considers defensive bicycle kicks a desperate move requiring less aim than its offensive variety.[2] An offensive bicycle kick is used when a player has his back to the opposing goal and is near the goalmouth. According to Witzig, the offensive bicycle kick requires concentration and a good understanding of the ball's location.[2] Bicycle kicks can also be done in the midfield, but this is not recommended because safer and more accurate passes can be done in this zone.[2]

text: Crosses that precede an offensive bicycle kick are of dubious accuracy—German striker Klaus Fischer reportedly stated that most crosses prior to a bicycle kick are bad.[23] Moreover, performing a bicycle kick is dangerous, even when done correctly, as it may harm a startled participant in the field.[24] For this reason, Peruvian defender César González recommends that the player executing the bicycle kick have enough space to perform it.[25] For the player using the manoeuvre, the greatest danger happens during the drop; a bad fall can injure the head, back, or wrist.[26] Witzig recommends players attempting the move to land on their upper back, using their arms as support, and simultaneously rolling over to a side in order to diminish impact from the drop.[2]

text: Witzig recommends that footballers attempt executing a bicycle kick with a focused and determined state of mind.[2] The performer needs to maintain good form when executing the move, and must simultaneously exhibit exceptional accuracy and precision when striking the ball.[27] Brazilian forward Pelé, one of the sport's renowned players, also considers the manoeuvre difficult and recalled having scored from it only a few times out of his 1,283 career goals.[28] Due to the action's complexity, a successfully executed bicycle kick is notable and, according to sports journalist Elliott Turner, prone to awe audiences.[1] An inadequately-executed bicycle kick can also expose a player to ridicule.[29]

text: History[edit]

text: Football lore has numerous legends relating when and where the bicycle kick was first performed and who created it.[30][31][C] According to Brazilian anthropologist Antonio Jorge Soares, the bicycle kick's origin is important only as an example of how folklore is created.[32] Popular opinion continues to debate its exact origin, particularly in the locations where the manoeuvre was allegedly created (e.g., Brazil, Chile, and Peru).[33][34][D] Nevertheless, the available facts and dates tell a straightforward narrative, indicating that the bicycle kick's invention occurred in South America, during an era of innovation in association football tactics and skills.[8][30][38][39]

text: British immigrants, attracted by South America's economic prospects, including the export of coffee from Brazil, hide and meat from Argentina, and guano from Peru, introduced football to the region during the 1800s.[42] These immigrant communities founded institutions, such as schools and sporting clubs, where activities mirrored those done in Britain—including the practice of football.[42] Football's practice had previously spread from Britain to continental Europe, principally Belgium, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, but the game had no innovations in these locations.[43] Matters developed differently in South America because, rather than simply imitate the immigrant's style of play—based more on the slower "Scottish passing game" than on the faster and rougher English football style—the South Americans contributed to the sport's growth by emphasizing the players' technical qualities.[44] By adapting the sport to their preferences, South American footballers mastered individual skills like the dribble, bending free kicks, and the bicycle kick.[45]

text: Bicycle kicks first occurred in the Pacific ports of Chile and Peru, possibly as early as in the late 1800s.[46] While their ships were docked, British mariners played football among themselves and with locals as a form of leisure; the sport's practice was embraced at the ports because its simple rules and equipment made it accessible to the general public.[47] Afro-Peruvian seaport workers may have first performed the bicycle kick during late 19th century matches with British sailors and railroad employees in Peru's chief seaport, where it received the name tiro de chalaca (Callao strike).[46][48] The bicycle kick could also have been first performed in the 1910s by Ramón Unzaga, a Spanish-born Basque athlete who naturalized Chilean, at Chile's seaport of Talcahuano, there receiving the name chorera (alluding the local demonym).[46][49][F]

text: Chilean footballers spread the skill beyond west South America in the 1910s and 1920s.[30][46] In the South American Championship's first editions, Unzaga and fellow Chile defender Francisco Gatica amazed spectators with their bicycle kicks.[46][52][G] Chilean forward David Arellano also memorably performed the move and other risky manoeuvres during Colo-Colo's 1927 tour of Spain—his untimely death in that tour from an injury caused by one of his acrobatics is, according to Simpson and Hesse, "a grim warning about the perils of showboating".[46][51][57] Impressed by these bicycle kicks, aficionados from Spain and Argentina named it chilena, a reference to the players' nationality.[30][46]

text: Brazilian forward Pelé rekindled the bicycle kick's international acclaim during the second half of the 20th century.[58][59] His capability to perform bicycle kicks with ease was one of the traits that made him stand out from other players early in his sports career, and it also boosted his self-confidence as a footballer.[60] After Pelé, Argentine midfielder Diego Maradona and Mexican forward Hugo Sánchez became notable performers of the bicycle kick during the last decades of the 20th century.[61] Other notable players to have performed the move during this period include Peruvian winger Juan Carlos Oblitas, who scored a bicycle kick goal in a 1975 Copa América match between Peru and Chile, and Welsh forward Mark Hughes, who scored from a bicycle kick in a World Cup qualification match played between Wales and Spain in 1985.[62]

text: Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the bicycle kick continues to be a skill that is rarely executed successfully in football matches.[61] In 2016, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) named the bicycle kick as "football's most spectacular sight" and concluded that, despite its debatable origins and technical explanations, bicycle kicks "have punctuated the history of the game".[38]

text: Iconic status[edit]

text: The bicycle kick retains much appeal among fans and footballers; Hesse and Simpson highlight the positive impact a successful bicycle kick has on player notability, and the United States Soccer Federation describes it as an iconic embellishment of the sport.[63] According to former Manchester City defender Paul Lake, a notable bicycle kick performed by English left winger Dennis Tueart, in the English Premier League, injured hundreds of fans who tried to emulate it.[64] In 2012, a fan poll from The Guardian awarded English forward Wayne Rooney's 2011 Manchester derby bicycle kick the title of best goal in the Premier League's history.[23] When Italian striker Mario Balotelli, during his youth development years, patterned his skills on those of Brazilian midfielder Ronaldinho and French midfielder Zinedine Zidane, he fixated on the bicycle kick.[65] Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo's Champions League bicycle kick goal, in 2018, received widespread praise from fellow footballers, including English forward Peter Crouch, who tweeted "there is only a few of us who can do that", and Swedish forward Zlatan Ibrahimović, who challenged Ronaldo to "try it from 40 meters"—a reference to his FIFA Puskás Award-winning 2012 bicycle kick goal during an international friendly match between Sweden and England.[38][23][66]

text: Some of the most memorable bicycle kicks have been notably performed in the FIFA World Cup finals.[H] German striker Klaus Fischer scored from a bicycle kick in the Spain 1982 World Cup semi-finals match between West Germany and France, tying the score in overtime—the game then went into a penalty shootout, which the German team won.[68] Hesse and Simpson consider Fischer's action the World Cup's most outstanding bicycle kick.[23] In the Mexico 1986 World Cup, Mexican midfielder Manuel Negrete scored from a bicycle kick during the round of 16 match between Mexico and Bulgaria—although overshadowed by "The Goal of the Century" scored by Maradona in the quarter-finals match between Argentina and England,[69] Negrete's goal earned the "World Cup's greatest goal" title by a FIFA fan poll conducted in 2018.[70] Defender Marcelo Balboa's bicycle kick, in the 1994 FIFA World Cup match between Colombia and the United States, received much praise and is even credited with helping launch Major League Soccer in the United States.[71] In the Korea-Japan 2002 World Cup, Belgian attacking midfielder Marc Wilmots scored what English football writer Brian Glanville describes as a "spectacular bicycle kick" against Japan.[72]

text: Bicycle kicks are also an important part of football culture. According to the United States Soccer Federation, Pelé's bicycle kick in the 1981 film Escape to Victory is a textbook execution of the skill[61] and Pelé expressed satisfaction with his attempt to "show off" for the film in his autobiography.[67] A Google Doodle in September 2013, celebrating Leônidas da Silva's 100th birthday, prominently featured a bicycle kick performed by a stick figure representing the popular Brazilian forward.[73] Bicycle kicks have also been featured in advertisements such as a 2014 television commercial where Argentine forward Lionel Messi executes the manoeuvre to promote that year's FIFA football simulation video game.[74]

text: A monument to the bicycle kick executed by Ramón Unzaga was erected in Talcahuano, Chile, in 2014; created by sculptor María Angélica Echavarri, the statue is composed of copper and bronze and measures three meters in diameter.[33] A statue in honor of Manuel Negrete's bicycle kick is planned for the Coyoacán district of Mexico City.[75] The Uruguayan novelist Eduardo Galeano wrote about the bicycle kick in his book Soccer in Sun and Shadow, praising Unzaga as the inventor.[76] The Peruvian Nobel laureate writer Mario Vargas Llosa has the protagonist in The Time of the Hero's Spanish edition declare that the bicycle kick must have been invented in Callao, Peru.[31]

text: The manoeuvre is also admired in variants of association football, such as beach soccer and futsal.[33][77] In 2015, Italian beach soccer forward Gabriele Gori reportedly stated about the bicycle kick that "[i]t comes down to an awful lot of training".[38] An action like the bicycle kick is also used in sepak takraw, a sport whose objective is to kick a ball over a net and into the opposing team's side.[78]


document_title: Halloween (2007 film)

question_text: who plays michael myers sister in rob zombie's halloween

question_tokens: who plays michael myers sister in rob zombie 's halloween

text: Halloween (2007 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On Halloween in Haddonfield, Illinois, ten-year-old Michael Myers (Daeg Faerch), having already exhibited signs of psychopathy, murders a school bully (Daryl Sabara), his older sister Judith (Hanna R. Hall), her boyfriend Steve (Adam Weisman), and his mother's boyfriend Ronnie (William Forsythe). Only his baby sister, Angel Myers, is spared. After one of the longest trials in the state's history, Michael is found guilty of first-degree murder and sent to Smith's Grove Sanitarium under the care of child psychologist Dr. Samuel Loomis (Malcolm McDowell).

text: Michael initially cooperates with Loomis, claiming no memory of the killings; his mother Deborah (Sheri Moon Zombie), visits him regularly. Over the following year, Michael becomes fixated on his papier-mâché masks and withdraws from everyone, even his mother. When Michael kills a nurse as Deborah is leaving from one of her visits, she is unable to handle the situation and commits suicide.

text: For the next fifteen years, Michael (Tyler Mane) continues making masks and not speaking to anyone. Loomis, having continued to treat Michael over the years, decides to move on and closes Michael's case. Later, Michael kills the sanitarium employees and escapes from Smith's Grove. He kills a truck driver for his clothes, and makes his way back to Haddonfield. On Halloween, Michael arrives at his now-abandoned childhood home, where he recovers the kitchen knife and Halloween mask he stored under the floorboards the night he killed his sister.

text: Meanwhile, Laurie Strode (Scout Taylor-Compton) and her friends Annie Brackett (Danielle Harris) and Lynda Van Der Klok (Kristina Klebe) prepare for Halloween. Throughout the day, Laurie witnesses Michael watching her from a distance before going to babysit Tommy Doyle (Skyler Gisondo). At Michael's childhood home, Lynda meets up with her boyfriend Bob Simms (Nick Mennell). Michael appears, murders them, and then heads to the Strode home, where he murders Laurie's parents, Mason (Pat Skipper) and Cynthia (Dee Wallace). Dr. Loomis, having been alerted of Michael's escape, comes to Haddonfield looking for Michael. After obtaining a handgun, Loomis attempts to warn Sheriff Leigh Brackett (Brad Dourif) that Michael has returned to Haddonfield. Loomis and Brackett head to the Strode home, with Brackett explaining along the way that Laurie is really Michael's sister, having been adopted by the Strodes following their mother's suicide.

text: Meanwhile, Annie convinces Laurie to babysit Lindsey Wallace (Jenny Gregg Stewart), a girl Annie is supposed to be watching, so that she can meet with her boyfriend Paul (Max Van Ville). Annie and Paul return to the Wallace home and have sex; Michael kills Paul and attacks Annie. Bringing Lindsey home, Laurie finds Annie on the floor, badly hurt but still alive, and calls the police. Michael attacks Laurie and chases her back to the Doyle home. Loomis and Brackett hear the 911 call over the radio and head toward the Wallace residence.

text: Michael kidnaps Laurie and takes her back to their old home. He tries to show Laurie that she is his sister, presenting a picture of them with their mother. Unable to understand, Laurie stabs Michael with his own knife before escaping the house; Michael chases her, but Loomis arrives and shoots him. Recovering, Michael recaptures Laurie before she can leave and heads back to the house. Loomis again intervenes, but Michael subdues him. Laurie takes Loomis' gun and runs upstairs, but Michael corners her on a balcony and charges her head-on, knocking both of them over the railing. Laurie finds herself on top of an unconscious Michael. Aiming Loomis' gun at his face, she fires just as Michael awakens.

text: Production[edit]

text: On June 4, 2006, Dimension announced that Rob Zombie, director of House of 1000 Corpses and The Devil's Rejects, would be creating the next installment in the Halloween film series.[4] The plan was for Zombie to hold many positions in the production; he would write, direct, produce, and serve as music supervisor.[4] Bob Weinstein approached him about making the film. Zombie, who was a fan of the original Halloween and a friend of John Carpenter, jumped at the chance to make a Halloween film for Dimension Studios.[4] Before Dimension went public with the news, Zombie felt obligated to inform Carpenter, out of respect, of the plans to remake his film.[5] Carpenter's request was for Zombie to "make it his own".[3] During a June 16, 2006 interview, Zombie announced that his film would combine the elements of prequel and remake with the original concept, and insisted that there would be considerable original content in the new film as opposed to mere rehashed material.[6] The BBC reported that the new film would disregard the numerous sequels that followed Halloween.[7]

text: Zombie's intention was to reinvent Michael Myers because, in his opinion, the character, along with Freddy Krueger, Jason Voorhees, and Pinhead, had become more familiar to audiences, and as a result, less scary.[7][8] The idea behind the new film was to delve deeper into Michael's back story and add "new life" to the character.[6] Michael's mask will be given its own story, to provide an explanation as to why he wears it, instead of having the character simply steal a random mask from a hardware store, as in the original film.[9] Zombie explained that he wanted Michael to be true to what a psychopath really is, and wanted the mask to be a way for Michael to hide. He also wanted the young Michael to have charisma, which would be projected onto the adult Michael. In addition, he decided that Michael's motives for returning to Haddonfield would be more ambiguous, explaining, "[W]as he trying to kill Laurie, or just find her because he loves her?"[5]

text: Moreover, Michael would not be able to drive in the new film, unlike his 1978 counterpart who stole Loomis' car so that he could drive back to Haddonfield.[9] The Dr. Loomis character was also to be more intertwined with that of Michael; Zombie reasoned that the character's role in the original was "showing up merely to say something dramatic".[8] Although Zombie added more history to the Michael Myers character, hence creating more original content for the film, he chose to keep the character's trademark mask and Carpenter's theme song intact for his version (despite an apparent misinterpretation in an interview suggesting the theme would be ditched).[6] Production officially began on January 29, 2007.[10] Shortly before production began, Zombie reported that he had seen the first production of Michael's signature mask and commented, "It looks perfect, exactly like the original. Not since 1978 has The Shape looked so good".[11] Filming occurred in the same neighborhood that Carpenter used for the original Halloween.[9]

text: On December 19, 2006, Zombie announced to Bloody-Disgusting that Daeg Faerch would play the part of ten-year-old Michael Myers.[12] On December 22, 2006, Malcolm McDowell was officially announced to be playing Dr. Loomis.[13] McDowell stated that he wanted a tremendous ego in Loomis, who is out to get a new book from the ordeal.[9] On December 24, 2006, Zombie announced that Tyler Mane, who had previously worked with Zombie on The Devil's Rejects, would portray the adult Michael Myers.[14] Mane stated that it was very difficult to act only with his eyes.[15] Scout Taylor-Compton endured a long audition process, but as director Zombie explains, "Scout was my first choice. There was just something about her; she had a genuine quality. She didn't seem actor-y."[16] She was one of the final people to be cast for a lead role after Faerch, Mane, McDowell, Forsythe, and Harris.[17] A contest was held for a walk-on role in the film, at the time called Halloween 9; it was won by Heather Bowen.[18] She played a news reporter who covered Michael's arrest, but her scene was cut from the film and does not appear in the deleted scenes.[19]

text: Release[edit]

text: Approximately four days before the theatrical release of the film, a workprint version of Halloween appeared online and was circulated around various BitTorrent sites. Upon hearing of the leaked copy, Zombie stated that whatever version had been leaked was an older version of the film, unlike what was about to be released in theaters.[20] The leak of Zombie's workprint led to speculation that the film's box office success could be damaged, as director Eli Roth attributed the financial failure of his film, Hostel: Part II, to the leaking of a workprint version.[21] Dark Horizons webmaster Garth Franklin noted that watching the workprint allows a viewer to see what was changed after test screenings of the film in June 2007. For example, one particular scene—the rape of one of the Smith's Grove female inmates—was replaced in the final version.[22] Halloween was officially released on August 31, 2007, to 3,472 theaters in North America,[23] giving it the widest release of any of the previous Halloween films.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: On its opening day, Halloween grossed $10,896,610,[25] and immediately surpassed the opening weekend grosses for Halloween II (1981) at $7,446,508, Season of the Witch (1982) at $6,333,259, The Return of Michael Myers (1988) at $6,831,250, The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989) at $5,093,428, and The Curse of Michael Myers (1995) at $7,308,529.[24] From September 1–2, Halloween earned $8,554,661 and $6,911,096, respectively, for a 3-day opening weekend total of $26,362,367. The film would earn an additional $4,229,392 on Labor Day for a 4-day holiday weekend gross of $30,591,759,[25] making it the highest ever for that holiday.[26] As a result, the 2007 film would immediately surpass the total box office gross for Halloween II (1981) at $25,533,818, Halloween III (1982) at $14,400,000, Halloween 4 (1988) at $17,768,757, Halloween 5 (1989) at $11,642,254, The Curse of Michael Myers (1995) at $15,116,634, and Halloween: Resurrection (2002) with $30,354,442.[24]

text: Following its first Friday after its opening weekend, Halloween saw a 71.6% drop in attendance, earning $3,093,679.[25] The film, which earned the #1 spot at the box office in its opening weekend,[27] earned only $9,513,770 in its second weekend—a 63.9% decrease—but still claimed the #2 spot at the box office just behind 3:10 to Yuma.[28] The film continued to appear in the weekend top ten going into its third weekend, when it earned $4,867,522 to take sixth place.[29] It was not until the film's fourth weekend that it fell out of the top ten and into twelfth place with $2,189,266.[30] Halloween would fail to regain a top ten spot at the box office for the remainder of its theatrical run.[31]

text: Thanks to its opening weekend of $30.5 million, the film broke the box-office record for the Labor Day weekend, surpassing the record set in 2005 by Transporter 2 with $20.1 million.[32] It still currently resides as the top Labor Day weekend grosser.[33] Halloween was also the 8th highest-grossing R-rated film of 2007,[34] and finished out the year in 44th place for domestic box office gross.[35] With its $58 million box office gross, Halloween was the second highest-grossing film among the recent slasher remakes, taken over by A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) with $63 million. However, it is third in the list which consists of When a Stranger Calls (2006) at $47.8 million, Black Christmas (2006) at $16.3 million, Prom Night (2008) at $43.8 million, My Bloody Valentine 3D (2009) with $51.4 million, and Friday the 13th (2009) leading the group with $60 million.[36] Halloween is also ranked eleventh overall when comparing it to all of the horror remakes,[37] as well as eighth place for all slasher films in general, in unadjusted dollars.[38]

text: In addition to the film's North American box office, it opened alongside Michael Clayton and Mr. Woodcock in foreign markets on the weekend of September 29, 2007. Halloween led the trio with a total of $1.3 million in 372 theaters – Michael Clayton and Mr. Woodcock took in $1.2 million from 295 screens and $1 million from 238 screens, respectively.[39] By November 1, 2007, Halloween had taken in an additional $7 million in foreign markets.[40] Ultimately, the film would earn approximately $21,981,879 overseas.[23] By the end of the film's theatrical run, the film had taken a worldwide total of $80,253,908.[41] Comparing this film to the rest of the films in the Halloween film series, Zombie's remake is the highest-grossing film in unadjusted US dollars.[24] When adjusting for the 2009 inflation,[42] Zombie's Halloween—which adjusts to $60.4 million domestically—is fourth, behind Carpenter's Halloween at $166.9 million, Halloween H20: 20 Years Later at $73.8 million, and Halloween II at $66.7 million.[43]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Based on 109 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, Halloween received an average 25% overall approval rating based on 110 reviews, with the consensus "Rob Zombie doesn't bring many new ideas to the table in Halloween, making it another bloody disappointment for fans of the franchise."[44] By comparison, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a 47 out of 100 from the 18 reviews it collected.[45] CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade cinemagoers gave the film was "B-" on an A+ to F scale; it also reported that 62% of the audience was male, with 57% being 25 years or older.[46]

text: Peter Hartlaub, of the San Francisco Chronicle, felt Zombie was successful in both "[putting] his own spin on Halloween, while at the same time paying tribute to Carpenter's film"; he thought Zombie managed to make Michael Myers almost "sympathetic" as a child, but that the last third of the film felt more like a montage of scenes with Halloween slipping into "slasher-film logic".[47] Nathan Lee of The Village Voice disagreed in part with Harlaub, feeling that Halloween may have placed too much emphasis on providing sympathy for Michael Myers, but that it succeeded in "[deepening] Carpenter's vision without rooting out its fear".[48] The film critic Matthew Turner believed the first half of the film, which featured the prequel elements of Michael as a child, were better played than the remake elements of the second half. In short, Turner stated that performances from the cast were "superb", with Malcolm McDowell being perfectly cast as Dr. Loomis, but that the film lacked the scare value of Carpenter’s original.[49] Jamie Russell from the BBC agreed that the first half of the film worked better than the last half; she stated that Zombie’s expanded backstory on Michael was "surprisingly effective"—also agreeing that McDowell was perfectly cast as Loomis—but that Zombie failed to deliver the "supernatural dread" that Carpenter created for Michael in his 1978 original.[50]

text: New York Daily News critic Jack Matthews believed the film lacked tension, and went more for cheap shocks—focusing more on enhancing the "imagery of violence"—than real attempts to scare the audience; he gave the film one and a half stars out of five.[51] Dennis Harvey, from Variety magazine, echoed Matthew's opinion that the film failed to deliver on the suspense; he also felt that you could not tell one teenage character from the next, whereas in Carpenter's original each teenager had real personalities.[52] In contrast, Rossiter Drake of The Examiner applauded Michael's backstory, feeling that it was a "compelling take on the mythology" that managed to be "unique" and "shocking" at the same time.[53] In agreement with other critics, Empire magazine's Kim Newman felt that, because Zombie seemed less focused on the teenagers being stalked and killed by Michael, the film "[fell] flat" when it came to delivering suspense or anything "remotely scary"; Newman did praise McDowell for his portrayal of the "dogged psychiatrist".[54] Ben Walter, of Time Out London, felt Zombie added "surprising realism" to the development of Michael Myers’ psychopathic actions, but agreed with Newman that the director replaced the original film’s "suspense and playfulness" with a convincing display of "black-blooded brutality".[55]

text: Frank Scheck, of The Hollywood Reporter, believed that even though Zombie's remake of Carpenter's Halloween was better than getting another sequel in the long running franchise it still was not comparable to the 1978 original. For Scheck, Zombie replaced Carpenter's building suspense, which made it so "brilliant", with graphic violence and extended scenes of nudity; he also criticized McDowell for lacking the intensity that Donald Pleasence brought to the Loomis character.[56] By contrast, TV Guide's Ken Fox felt that Zombie did deliver a "scary horror movie", not by copying Carpenter, but by making the film his own. Fox noted that Zombie seemed to follow more in the footsteps of Wes Craven and Tobe Hooper's "savage, greasy-haired '70s" films, which allowed him to bring Michael back to his roots and successfully terrify an audience which has grown accustomed to the recent "torture porn" horror films.[57] Bill Gibron, of PopMatters, believes that audiences and critics cannot compare Carpenter's film to Zombie's remake; where Carpenter focused more on the citizens of Haddonfield—with Michael acting as a true "boogeyman"—Zombie focuses more on Michael himself, successfully forcing the audience to experience all of the elements that Michael went through that would result in his "desire for death".[58]

text: Halloween won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Film of 2007, drawing in 550 votes, the most ever in the history of the award.[59] The film also won the 'Best Remake Award' at the 2008 Spike TV Scream Awards.[60] Dan Mathews, vice president of PETA, sent Rob Zombie a thank-you letter for what he perceived as Zombie sending a message to audiences when he depicted the young Michael Myers torturing animals, something he felt demonstrated that people who commit acts of cruelty to animals are likely to move on to humans. Mathews went on to say, "Hopefully, with the attention focused by your movie on the link between cruelty to animals and human violence, more people will recognize the warning signs among people they know and deal with them more forcefully. We wish you continued success!"[61]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack was released on August 21, 2007; it includes 24 tracks, consisting of 12 dialogue tracks and 12 instrumentals. The album contained both new tracks, as well as ones recycled from the original Halloween and its sequel. Tyler Bates' interpretation of John Carpenter's original Halloween theme is the first musical track, with "(Don't Fear) The Reaper," which appeared in the original Halloween, and "Mr. Sandman", which appeared in Halloween II and Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, performed by Nan Vernon.[62] Writing about its selection from the 1981 film, one reviewer for the BBC commented that it worked well to "mimic Laurie’s situation (sleeping a lot)", making "the once innocent sounding lyrics seem threatening in a horror film".[63] The album also includes Kiss's "God of Thunder", Rush's "Tom Sawyer", Alice Cooper's "Only Women Bleed", Peter Frampton's "Baby, I Love Your Way", Nazareth's "Love Hurts", Bachman–Turner Overdrive's "Let It Ride", Misfits' "Halloween II", and an Iggy Pop live version of The Stooges' "1969" among others.[64]

text: On December 18, 2007, the film was released on DVD in the United States; both the theatrical (110 minutes) and an unrated director's cut (121 minutes) were released as two-disc special editions containing identical bonus features.[65] The film was released on DVD in the UK on April 28, 2008, known as the "Uncut" edition.[66] On October 7, 2008, a three-disc set was released.[67] This Collector's Edition of Halloween features the same bonus features as the previous unrated edition, but includes Zombie's four-and-a-half-hour "making-of" documentary similar to the "30 Days in Hell" documentary for Zombie's The Devil's Rejects.[67]


document_title: Steppenwolf (comics)

question_text: what is the name of the villain in justice league

text: Steppenwolf (comics)

text: Publication history[edit]

text: Created by Jack Kirby, the character made his first appearance in New Gods #7 (February 1972).

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: As one of the New Gods, Steppenwolf (which is German for "wolf of the steppe"), is the younger brother of Heggra, and the uncle of Uxas (Darkseid). He is also a member of Darkseid's Elite. He leads the military of Apokolips and also rides a hover bike which may be at the same level of technology as Orion's.

text: Steppenwolf is one of the earliest survivors of Doomsday, the monster who once killed Superman. Two hundred and forty-five thousand years ago, Steppenwolf takes an Apokolips shuttle with Darkseid, Master Mayhem and a small crew to the planet of Bylan 5. The planet holds delicate natural materials Apokolips needs for weaponry, material which would be destroyed in the event of an invasion. The forcible marriage of Darkseid to the planet's princess comes to an end when Doomsday attacks. Master Mayhem is swiftly torn apart. Darkseid ignores Steppenwolf's orders to use omega beams and engages the creature in hand-to-hand combat. Steppenwolf sees the destruction that has been wrought has doomed the planet and all who live on it. He teleports Darkseid out of harm's way, agreeing with Darkseid not to mention this to anyone. Doomsday escapes by stowing away on the Apokolips shuttle.[1]

text: Most of Steppenwolf's appearances under the pen of Jack Kirby are in flashbacks: his debut, in New Gods #7, was a flashback story where he is introduced and helped Darkseid murder the wife of Darkseid's hated rival, Highfather. Highfather later tracks down and kills Steppenwolf in retaliation as the murder reignites the war between the two sides.[2]

text: Steppenwolf appears later when Mister Miracle gains godlike powers over life and death. He torments Scott Free over his role in killing his mother (or alleged mother figure as is claimed) and in return is physically tortured. Free ends up healing him, instead of killing him as he desires. He is sent with Darkseid's legions.[3]

text: He is seen in New Gods V2 #6, with a new costume (a Kirby redesign for the figure's Super Power action figure). Though considered a "mockery", Steppenwolf is given the job of running Darkseid's military forces. He is later seen fighting The Flash (Barry Allen) and the Justice League of America.[4]

text: In the pages of Terror Titans #2, Steppenwolf appears as a member of the board of the Dark Side Club. He is killed by Clock King, who was using the club for gladiator fights and simple cruel amusements.

text: The New 52[edit]

text: With The New 52 reboot that takes place following the 2011 Flashpoint limited series, a new version of Earth-2 (home of the Justice Society of America) is introduced. In the continuity of that parallel world, Steppenwolf leads a massive invasion of the planet by Darkseid's parademons. Ultimately, Earth's heroes manage to successfully repel the invaders, but the Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman of that world are all killed in battle.[5] Five years later, Steppenwolf is apparently hiding on Earth-2 and there is a $300 million reward for him. He is eventually killed by that world's version of Bizarro, whom Steppenwolf had employed as a soldier and indoctrinated into fighting for Apokolips.

text: Steppenwolf also appears briefly in an issue of Justice League within The New 52 taking part in the torturing of Superman on the Prime Earth.[6] Steppenwolf is seen as support for Darkseid when he moves to attack the Anti-Monitor.[7]

text: Powers and abilities[edit]

text: Steppenwolf is an immortal with vast superhuman strength, speed, reflexes and stamina appropriate to his race. He is an experienced military leader, having served as the head of Apokolips's armed forces, and when going into battle personally often commands units of the dog cavalry - warriors riding enormous dogs, known for the carnage and mass deaths he causes when he leads forces. Steppenwolf wields several weapons, including a cable-snare in which he can entrap opponents and from which he can fire lethal radion beams. His main weapon is his electro-axe. He is a master swordsman and a formidable hand-to-hand combatant.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: DC Animated Universe[edit]

text: Steppenwolf was seen in the Superman: The Animated Series episode "Apokolips Now" voiced by Sherman Howard. He led a horde of Parademons against the city of Metropolis in his search for Superman. Steppenwolf's aircraft was then shot down by Dan Turpin (piloting an Army chopper) and fell into the ocean.

tag: ul

text:
Steppenwolf reappeared briefly in Part I of the Justice League episode "Twilight" voiced by Corey Burton. Retreating from an aborted invasion of New Genesis, Steppenwolf's ship was crippled and teleported, via Boom Tube, right into Darkseid's stronghold. Steppenwolf was presumably killed beforehand by Orion.

Steppenwolf appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Duel of the Double Crossers" voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. He appears as Mongul's champion of the arena, Batman and some other alien gladiators end up fighting him. Steppenwolf was defeated when Jonah Hex came to the aid of Batman. Steppenwolf also appears in "Death Race to Oblivion". He raced on Mongul's behalf against the other heroes and villains for the fate of Earth. After losing the race to Batman, Mongul blasts Steppenwolf for his failure.
Steppenwolf appears in the Justice League Action episode "Under a Red Sun," voiced by Peter Jessop. In a plot to become a legend on Apokolips, Steppenwolf transports himself and Superman to a planet where the sun is red. As Superman's powers don't work under a red sun, he had to use every tactic to fight Steppenwolf. After injuring his leg, Superman was able to knock Steppenwolf into the river where Superman subdued him by electrifying the water. By the time Batman and Big Barda track him down, Superman is using his cape as a splint and has a defeated Steppenwolf tied up.

text: Film[edit]

text: An alternative universe version of Steppenwolf makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Justice League: Gods and Monsters.

text: DC Extended Universe[edit]

text: Ciarán Hinds portrays Steppenwolf in the 2017 film Justice League through motion capture performance, for which Hinds received advice from Liam Neeson (who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls).[8][9][10] The character is depicted as an alien military officer from the planet Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons. When he failed to conquer Earth a millennium ago, Steppenwolf was exiled by his nephew and master Darkseid. In an attempt to regain Darkseid's favour, Steppenwolf returns to Earth with his army to search for three recently reactivated Mother Boxes to take over the planet.


document_title: The Addams Family (1964 TV series)

question_text: who played gomez in the addams family tv show

text: The Addams Family (1964 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The Addamses are a close-knit extended family with decidedly macabre interests and supernatural abilities. No explanation for their powers is explicitly given in the series.

text: The very wealthy, endlessly enthusiastic Gomez Addams (John Astin) is madly in love with his refined wife, Morticia, née Frump (Carolyn Jones). Along with their daughter Wednesday (Lisa Loring), their son Pugsley (Ken Weatherwax), Uncle Fester (Jackie Coogan), and Grandma (Blossom Rock), they reside at 0001 Cemetery Lane in an ornate, gloomy, Second Empire-style mansion, attended by their servants: Lurch (Ted Cassidy), the towering butler, and Thing (billed as "Itself" but actually portrayed by Cassidy and occasionally by Jack Voglin when Lurch and Thing appear in the same scene), a disembodied hand that usually appears out of a small wooden box. Occasionally, episodes would include other relatives such as Cousin Itt (Felix Silla), Morticia's older sister Ophelia (also portrayed by Carolyn Jones), or Grandma Frump, Morticia's mother (Margaret Hamilton).

text: Much of the humor derives from their culture clash with the rest of the world. They invariably treat normal visitors with great warmth and courtesy, though some of their guests often have bad intentions. They are puzzled by the horrified reactions to their own good-natured and normal behavior, since the family is under the impression that their tastes are shared by most of society. Accordingly, they view "conventional" tastes with generally tolerant suspicion. For example, Fester once cites a neighboring family's meticulously maintained petunia patches as evidence that they are "nothing but riffraff". A recurring theme in the epilogue of many episodes was the Addamses getting an update on the most-recent visitor to their home, either via mail, something in the newspaper, or a phone call. Invariably, as a result of their visit to the Addamses, the visitor would be institutionalized, change professions, move out of the country, or suffer some other negative life-changing event. The Addamses would always misinterpret the update and see it as good news for their most-recent visitor.

text: The tone was set by series producer Nat Perrin, who was a close friend of Groucho Marx and writer of several Marx Brothers films. Perrin created story ideas, directed one episode, and rewrote every script. As a result, Gomez, with his sardonic remarks, backwards logic, black mustache and ever-present cigar (pulled from his breast pocket already lit), is comparable to Groucho Marx. The series often employed the same type of zany satire and screwball humor seen in the Marx Brothers films. It lampooned politics ("Gomez, The Politician" and "Gomez, The People's Choice"), the legal system ("The Addams Family in Court"), rock n' roll and Beatlemania ("Lurch, The Teenage Idol"), and Hollywood ("My Fair Cousin Itt").

text: Theme[edit]

text: The show's memorable theme song, written and arranged by longtime Hollywood composer Vic Mizzy, was dominated by a harpsichord and finger snaps as percussive accompaniment. Actor Ted Cassidy, in his "Lurch" voice, punctuated the lyrics with words like neat, sweet, and petite. Mizzy's theme was popular enough to enjoy a release as a 45 rpm single, though it failed to make the national charts. The song was revived for the 1990s animated series, as well as in 2007 for a series of Addams Family television commercials for M&M's candies.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Addams Family[edit]

text:
Morticia Addams (portayed by Carolyn Jones) – Morticia A. Addams (née Frump) is a cultivated and beautiful woman who dabbles in art, plays the shamisen, raises man-eating plants, and trims her roses by clipping off the buds and arranging the thorny stems in a vase ("Oh, the thorns are lovely this year"). She can light candles with her fingertips and emit smoke directly from her person. Always attired in a long, black, very tight, V-neck dress, she minces about her home with the dress's bizarre hem, resembling octopus arms, gyrating and dragging across the floor with her every step. She wears little jewelry, only a simple necklace with a large cut stone and a ring with a huge black gem set on an ornate, hinged compartment. That compartment usually holds cyanide powder but sometimes saccharine (as the powder is identified in the episode "Morticia Joins the Ladies League"). She uses the ring's contents to flavor her hemlock, wolfsbane, and henbane teas or offers doses in like refreshments served to house guests. With her aristocratic bearing and detachment, she is often the calm center of the chaotic events of the household.
Gomez Addams (portrayed by John Astin) – Gomez is passionately in love with his wife, often referring to her in Spanish as "Querida" and "Cara Mía". His ardor is greatly intensified when she speaks French (a quirk that first appears in the eleventh episode, "The Addams Family Meet the V.I.P.s"). Before that his ardor was aroused when she called him "Bubbeleh", a German-Bavarian and Yiddish [3][4] word meaning "darling" or "sweetie". Gomez is very wealthy as a result of owning numerous companies and stocks (in a pre-debut promotional spot, Gomez tells an interviewer that the family is independently wealthy, having "made a killing in the stock market, back in 1929" (a reference to the famous Wall Street Crash of 1929). He does not seem to regard money itself as a priority and squanders money in a cavalier manner while remaining wealthy. Gomez spends a great deal of time with his family and does not go out to work. Even at home he consistently dresses in a dark, double-breasted, loud pin-striped suit and a black tie. He keeps a pair of thick-lensed reading glasses (pince-nez) on a black fabric lanyard in his coat's left inside breast pocket. In the outer breast pocket, he stores lit cigars and a watch linked to a long gold chain that is attached to the coat's left lapel. Occasionally, when his family ventures outdoors at night to frolic in the nearby swamp or to "moon bathe" in their home's front yard, Gomez does change his clothing. He either dons safari outfits or wears a horizontal striped full-torso swimsuit, the antique type once worn by men in the 1890s and early 1900s. With regard to his personal genealogy, he refers to Spain as his "ancestral home" with his family background referenced as "Castilian", and at times he uses Spanish words and phrases. Gomez can perform rapid and complicated calculations in his head. He is remarkably acrobatic and can easily dismount from a trampoline or from a hanging position upon a chandelier. One of his hobbies is Zen-Yogi, apparently a weird blend of acrobatics and yoga. Another hobby consists of gleefully dynamiting model trains as they are about to collide with each other, by using a hand detonator. In "The Addams Family in Court," episode, it is revealed that Gomez works as a lawyer who has yet to win a case in his career.
Uncle Fester (portrayed by Jackie Coogan) – Uncle Fester is Morticia's exuberant, kind, and "electric" uncle. Completely bald and invariably attired in a plain floor-length coat with a wide fur-trimmed collar, Fester is quite fond of toying with dynamite and blasting caps and often relaxes or treats ailments in the family's "play room" by reclining on a bed of nails, inserting his head into a large book press, or being bound with ropes and stretched on a wooden torture rack. Fester has the ability to power electric light bulbs by placing them in his mouth. When angered by outsiders, he may grab for a blunderbuss and announce that he will shoot the offender in the back only for Gomez and Morticia to keep him from doing so. He is occasionally seen munching on Prickly Pear cactus leaves.
Lurch (portrayed by Ted Cassidy) – Lurch is the household butler. Morticia and Gomez summon him by means of a bell pull in the form of a hangman's noose, which rings the massive bell located in the mansion's bell tower (the resulting gong shakes the entire house when the noose is pulled). When Lurch appears (usually immediately thereafter), he responds in a very deep bass voice, "You rang?" When questions are posed to Lurch his primary response is a deep annoyed grunt wagging his head, from which the family glean complex meanings. He is superhumanly strong and often plays the harpsichord (the music is actually played by The Addams Family composer Vic Mizzy) which had previously been owned by Cousin Crimp. Lurch is very high-minded about visitors. When an undercover operative named Mr. Hollister (played by George Neise) visited the family, Lurch patted him down and regarded him suspiciously when he found his gun. Mr. Hollister showed Lurch his badge, whereupon Lurch returned the gun. Also, when announcing the arrival of visitors in the foyer of the Addams' home, the towering servant invariably grabs and crushes any hats being worn by male guests in his attempts to care for them. Lurch at times regards his employers' activities with some dubiousness much like a servant expressing disdain for the idle rich; and on those occasions when he feels overworked or stressed, he, like Uncle Fester, seeks therapeutic relief by being stretched on the family's torture rack. Ted Cassidy made a cameo appearance as Lurch on an episode of the Batman TV series, and on TV music shows while promoting the pop song of the era "The Lurch" (and the dance which it accompanied).
Grandmama Addams (portrayed by Blossom Rock) – The mother of Gomez. She is a witch who conjures up potions, spells and hexes. She also dabbles in painting, playing the bagpipes, and fortune-telling, though with respect to the last, she is a charlatan. Her given name is thought to be Esmeralda, but is only addressed as that name by Hester "Franny" Frump.
Wednesday Friday Addams (played by Lisa Loring) – Gomez and Morticia's daughter. She is the youngest member (six years old) of the family, she is a strange yet sweet-natured little girl who pursues such hobbies as raising spiders, beheading dolls (called "Marie Antoinette," "Mary Queen of Scots," and "Little Red Riding Hood"), and practicing ballet in a black tutu. Her favorite pet is a black widow spider named Homer, although she also has a lizard named Lucifer. She is strong enough to bring her father to his knees in a judo hold.
Pugsley Addams (portrayed by Ken Weatherwax) – Gomez and Morticia's son and Wednesday's older brother. Kind-hearted and smart, occasionally conforming to "conventional" standards contrary to his family, he nevertheless shares a close bond with his parents and sister, the latter whom he often plays with. He also enjoys engineering various machines (sometimes with Gomez), playing with blasting caps, and his pet octopus Aristotle. Despite his pudginess, Pugsley is, like his father, exceptionally agile, able to outclimb a gorilla and hang from branches by his teeth.
Thing T. Thing – A disembodied hand that appears out of boxes and other conveniently placed containers. Gomez's constant "companion" since Gomez's childhood, Thing is always ready to assist family members with minor daily services and diversions, such as lifting the receiver on telephones, retrieving the mail, lighting cigars, pouring tea, and playing chess. Thing apparently has the ability to teleport from container to container, almost instantly: Thing sometimes appears from different containers at opposite ends of the room within seconds of each other. Though Ted Cassidy would often portray Thing, assistant director Jack Voglin would sometimes portray Thing in scenes where Lurch and Thing appear together. In all cases, the hand which portrayed Thing went uncredited, with its actor always being listed as "Itself" in the credits.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Cousin Itt (portrayed by Felix Silla in most episodes, Roger Arroyo for two episodes) – Gomez's cousin. Cousin Itt is a short character completely hidden by his almost head-to-floor-long hair. He usually wears only a derby, a pair of sunglasses, and gloves; and he speaks in rapid unintelligible gibberish, which the family has no difficulty understanding (according to Felix Silla's commentary on the DVD release, Cousin Itt's voice was recorded post-production by crew member Tony Magro). Gomez once asks him what is under all the hair. Itt answers "Roots." In one episode, Itt is said to have "the eye of an eagle ... plus a few of his own." Nevertheless, he wears conventional sunglasses, supposedly so people will not pester him for autographs.
Ophelia Frump (portrayed by Carolyn Jones) – Morticia's sister who is the "white sheep of the Family." Gomez was originally engaged to her in an arranged marriage, but when he saw 22-year-old Morticia (dressed in a grown-up version of Wednesday's clothing), he was smitten and fell in love with her. When she spoke French, he claimed that for the first time in his life, his sinuses were cleared and his bronchitis was gone. Ophelia was played by Carolyn Jones in a blonde wig (a staple of 1960s sitcom twins). One quirk of Ophelia's is that the flower growing in her hair had roots that traveled down into her foot which was raised when one of the flowers was pulled on. When she sings, her voice is in three-part harmony. She also has a love of judo with which she can hurl men (usually Gomez) several feet. She was occasionally seen in Charles Addams's original cartoons, recognizable by the flowers in her hair.
Grandma Hester "Franny" Frump (portayed by Margaret Hamilton) – The mother of Morticia and Ophelia.
Arthur J. Henson (played by Parley Baer) – Arthur Henson is an insurance executive in the town where the Addams Family resides. In "Progress and the Addams Family," he became the City Commissioner. In "Gomez, the People's Choice," he competes against Gomez to become the town's new mayor. He supervises a charity auction in "Morticia's Favorite Charity."
Joe Digby (portrayed by Eddie Quillan) – An insurance clerk who works for Arthur Henson.
Sam L. Hilliard (portrayed by Allyn Joslyn) – A truant officer who is scared to death of the Addams Family. He ran for city council in the episode "Gomez the Politician." In the same episode, his middle name is given as "Lucifer" much to the family's delight (Sam Hill is an older American euphemism for Satan). He later became headmaster of a private school that Gomez subsequently buys in "Addams Cum Laude".
Mr. Briggs (portrayed by Rolfe Sedan) – A postman who delivers the mail to the Addams Family. The movie Addams Family Reunion opens with a mailman who may be Mr. Briggs nervously delivering mail to the family.
Sam Picasso (portrayed by Vito Scotti) – An artist from Spain whom Addams Family members rely on for artistic advice.

text: Addams Family pets[edit]

text:
Aristotle – Pugsley's pet octopus.
Fang – Pugsley's pet jaguar.
Cleopatra – Morticia's pet African Strangler (a type of man-eating plant).
Kitty Kat – The Addams Family's pet lion. In "The Addams Family Tree," it is mentioned by Gomez that Kitty "can't stand the taste of people."
Tristan and Isolde – The Addams Family's pet piranhas.
Homer – Wednesday's pet spider.
Zelda – The family's pet vulture.

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: For both seasons, episodes aired Friday nights at 8:30 p.m.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The Addams Family airs on the This TV network Saturday and Sunday mornings between 4 a.m. and 6 a.m., and Sundays between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.

text: As well as the United States, the show has been aired worldwide. In the United Kingdom, it first aired on ITV in 1965–1966, and then it appeared on Sky 1 in 1991 and ran until 1992. and then it was aired on BBC Two from 6 p.m. on Monday nights starting in February 1992 until the end of 1993 and then moved to Saturdays in 1994 and later in school summer holidays before it vanished at the end of August 1996.

text: Since October 2011, the series was picked up by Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang and runs through the entire month of October for Halloween alongside The Munsters.

text: The series airs on select local stations,[5] and as of November 2013 airs weekends on the national movie/classic TV network This TV[6]

text: Reunions, sequels and adaptations[edit]

text: A reunion TV film, Halloween with the New Addams Family, aired on NBC in October 1977 and starred most of the original cast, except for Blossom Rock (Grandmama) who was very ill at the time and was replaced by Phyllis actress Jane Rose. Elvia Allman portrayed Grandma Hester "Franny" Frump, whom Margaret Hamilton had played in the original series. Veteran character actors Parley Baer and Vito Scotti, who both had recurring roles in the original series, also appeared in the movie. The film also included extended family members created specifically for this production, such as Gomez's brother Pancho (played by Henry Darrow) and two additional children, Wednesday Jr. and Pugsley Jr. The later two were portrayed as near carbon copies of the original children, now known as Wednesday Sr. and Pugsley Sr., who were once again played respectively by Lisa Loring and Ken Weatherwax, the original Wednesday and Pugsley in the series. Vic Mizzy rewrote and conducted his Addams Family Theme with a slightly different melody for the reunion movie. It was intended as a pilot for a new series, but no other episodes were ordered.[citation needed]

text: John Astin reprised his role as Gomez Addams for the 1992 animated adaptation of the series. No other members of the original cast were involved.

text: In 1998, a standalone film, Addams Family Reunion was shown on the Fox Family Channel, followed by The New Addams Family which ran on the same channel from 1998 to 2000 where some of the episodes are remakes of the classic episodes with some episodes exclusive to the TV series. John Astin appeared in the series as Grandpapa Addams.

text: Film adaptations[edit]

text: A successful film, The Addams Family, was released by Paramount Pictures in 1991, starring Raúl Juliá as Gomez, Anjelica Huston as Morticia, Christopher Lloyd as an amnesiac Uncle Fester, and Christina Ricci as Wednesday. After the film's release, David Levy filed a lawsuit against Paramount Pictures; the suit was settled out of court. A sequel, Addams Family Values, followed in 1993, to greater critical success than the first film, though it earned less at the box office.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: As of May 2009, the show can be purchased on iTunes, and can be streamed in the US on Netflix, IMDb, YouTube, and Hulu, and minisodes are available on Crackle. MGM Home Entertainment has released The Addams Family on DVD in Region 1, 2 and 4 in three volume sets.

text:
DVD Name
Episodes
Release date
Additional information

Volume 1
22
August 10, 2006

Audio commentary for "The Addams Family Goes to School" by cast members Lisa Loring (Wednesday Addams), Ken Weatherwax (Pugsley Addams), and Felix Silla (Cousin Itt), along with Stephen Cox (author of The Addams Chronicles)
You Rang, Mr. Addams featurette
Snap, Snap featurette
Theme Song Karaoke
The DVD releases contain alterations to the episodes "Halloween with the Addams Family" and "The Addams Family Meets the Undercover Man". In two scenes, Morticia's song "It's So Nice to Have a 'Thing' Around the House" (to the tune of "It's So Nice to Have a Man Around the House") was cut. The edits were made because MGM/20th Century Fox could not obtain the rights to the original song.[7]

Volume 2
21
March 27, 2007

Mad About the Addams featurette: Experts discuss the history and impact of the show
Thing and Cousin Itt commentaries
Guest Star Séance interactive featurette: A magical crystal ball conjures guest star clips and trivia
Tombstone Trivia on "Morticia's Romance, Part 1" episode
Audio commentary with The Addams Chronicles author Stephen Cox

Volume 3
21
September 11, 2007[8]

Thing and Cousin Itt commentaries
Audio commentary with Stephen Cox, author of The Addams Chronicles
Tombstone Trivia on "Cat Addams" episode

The Complete Series
64
November 13, 2007[9]

Special "velvet-touch" package

tag: table


document_title: Friday the 13th Part 2

question_text: who plays jason in friday the 13th part 2

text: Friday the 13th Part 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two months after the Camp Crystal Lake massacre, sole survivor Alice Hardy is recovering from her traumatic experience. In her apartment, she wakes up to take a shower. As Alice opens the refrigerator to get her cat some food, she finds the decapitated head of Pamela Voorhees in her refrigerator and is murdered by an unseen adult Jason Voorhees with an ice pick to her temple.

text: Five years later, camp counselor Paul Holt hosts a counselor training camp near Camp Crystal Lake. The camp is attended by Sandra, her boyfriend Jeff, troublemaker Scott, tomboy Terry, wheelchair-bound Mark, sweet-natured Vickie, jokester Ted, and Paul's assistant Ginny Fields, as well as many other trainees. Around the campfire that night, Paul tells the counselors about the legend of Jason, of how he survived his drowning, grew up living in the woods, and is now seeking to kill any intruders to avenge his mother's death. As Ted appears with a mask and a spear, Paul reassures everyone that Jason is dead and that Camp Crystal Lake is off limits. That night, Crazy Ralph wanders onto the property to warn the group but is garroted from behind a tree by Jason. The following day, Jeff and Sandra sneak off to Camp Crystal Lake upon finding a carcass, before getting caught by Deputy Winslow and return to the camp. Later, Winslow spots Jason (revealed to be wearing a burlap sack over his face) and chases him into the woods before he is killed with a hammer claw.

text: Back at camp, Paul offers the others one last night on the town before the training begins; only Ginny and Ted accept his offer. Jeff and Sandra are forced to stay behind as punishment for sneaking off. At the bar, Ginny muses that if Jason were still alive and witnessed his mother's death, it may have left him with no distinction between life and death, right or wrong. Paul dismisses the idea, proclaiming that Jason is nothing but an urban legend. At the camp, Jason appears at the camp site and kills the counselors one by one. Scott has his throat slit with a machete while caught in a rope trap. Terry finds his dead body and is killed offscreen. Mark is hit in the face with a machete and falls down a flight of stairs. Jason then moves upstairs and impales Jeff and Sandra with a spear as they have sex, and stabs Vickie with a kitchen knife.

text: Later, Ginny and Paul return to find the place in disarray. In the dark, Jason ambushes Paul and then chases Ginny throughout the camp and into the woods, where she comes across his shack. After barricading herself inside, she finds an altar with Pamela Voorhees' head on it, surrounded by a pile of Jason's victims (the sheriff, Terry, and a decomposing Alice) with his mother's machete placed on the altar. Ginny puts on Pamela's sweater and tries to psychologically convince Jason that she is his mother. The ruse fails when he spots his mother's head on the altar and attacks Ginny. Paul appears and attacks Jason, but he is quickly overwhelmed. Just as Jason is about to kill Paul with a pickaxe, Ginny picks up the machete and slams it down into his shoulder, seemingly killing him.

text: Paul and Ginny return to the cabin. They think that Jason has followed them, but when they open the door, they are greeted by Terry's dog, Muffin. Suddenly, an unmasked Jason bursts through the window from behind and grabs Ginny. She then awakens to her being loaded into an ambulance and calls out for Paul, who is nowhere to be seen and his fate left ambiguous. Back in the shack, Pamela Voorhees' head remains on the altar as Jason is nowhere to be seen.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amy Steel as Ginny Field
John Furey as Paul Holt
Steve Daskawisz as Jason Voorhees

Warrington Gillette as Jason Voorhees (unmasked)

Stu Charno as Ted
Lauren-Marie Taylor as Vickie
Marta Kober as Sandra Dier
Tom McBride as Mark
Bill Randolph as Jeff
Kirsten Baker as Terry
Russell Todd as Scott
Walt Gorney as Crazy Ralph
Adrienne King as Alice Hardy
Betsy Palmer as Pamela Voorhees
Jack Marks as Deputy Winslow
Cliff Cudney as Max

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following the success of Friday the 13th in 1980, Paramount Pictures began plans to make a sequel. First acquiring the worldwide distribution rights, Frank Mancuso, Sr. stated, "We wanted it to be an event, where teenagers would flock to the theaters on that Friday night to see the latest episode." The initial ideas for a sequel involved the "Friday the 13th" title being used for a series of films, released once a year, that would not have direct continuity with one another but be a separate "scary movie" of their own right. Phil Scuderi—one of three owners of Esquire Theaters, along with Steve Minasian and Bob Barsamian, who produced the original film—insisted that the sequel have Jason Voorhees, Pamela's son, even though his appearance in the original film was only meant to be a joke. Steve Miner, associate producer on the first film, believed in the idea and would go on to direct the first two sequels, after Cunningham opted not to return to the director's chair. Miner would use many of the same crew members from the first film while working on the sequels.[3] Cunningham had mixed feelings about the entire "Friday the 13th" enterprise that he outlined for film critic and author Stephen Hunter in an interview for a book Hunter wrote on violent films. Hunter stated that Cunningham "wasn't particularly proud" of his work on these films, and Cunningham bluntly said that the only thing that seemed to reach a teenaged audience at that time period involved high levels of gore and graphic violence.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Adrienne King was pursued by an obsessed fan after the success of the original Friday the 13th and purportedly wished her role to be small as possible,[4] though in the documentary Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th, it was stated that King's agent had asked for a higher salary, which the studio could not afford.[5]

text: The film's heroine, Ginny, is played by Amy Steel, who won the part through an audition. "At the time of [making the film], it was before the genre really picked up so I didn’t give it a lot of credit or take it seriously. For me, it was just another audition because I had no idea what it would end up meaning after all this time. When I played Ginny, I was really young and different from a lot of the people working at the time so that came out in my character. I was naturally suspicious of cocky guys at that age, and you see a lot of that when I’m on screen with Paul (John Furey). I tried to put so much behind the actual words in the script just so she felt almost unreachable, to Paul and to audiences. I wanted her to have some power."[6]

text: Actor Warrington Gillette played Jason unmasked at the end of the film. Stuntman Steve Daskawisz (also known as Steve Dash) was credited as Jason Stunt Double but played the masked Jason throughout the rest of the film.[7]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography took place from October 3 and finished in November 1980, and primarily occurred in New Preston and Kent, Connecticut.[8] Special effects artist Tom Savini was asked to work on the film but declined because he was already working on another project, Midnight (1982),[5] in addition he didn't receive well to the concept of Jason as the killer in the film. Savini was then replaced by Stan Winston.[5] Winston, however, had a scheduling conflict and had to drop out of the project. The make-up effects were ultimately handled by Carl Fullerton. Fullerton designed the "look" for the adult Jason Voorhees and went with long red hair and a beard while following the facial deformities established in the original film in the make-up designed by Tom Savini for Jason as a child. Fullerton's look for the adult Jason was abandoned in the sequel, Friday the 13th Part 3, despite the fact that the film took place the following day and was helmed by the same director, Steve Miner. Some fans have theorized that the sequence where we see Jason with a beard and long hair reflects a "dream" rather than a reality because the following sequel picks up with the events showing his face having not happened, and therefore what was represented was Ginny's guess at what he looked like under the burlap sack rather than what he actually looked like, which would excuse the lack of continuity.[9]

text: Steve Daskawisz was rushed to the emergency room during filming after Amy Steel cut his hand with a machete during filming.[5] Steel explained, "The timing was wrong, and he didn't turn his pickaxe properly, and the machete hit his finger." Daskawisz received thirteen stitches on his middle finger. During the subsequent shoot, Daskawisz was forced to wear a piece of rubber over his finger, and both he and Steel insisted on reshooting this scene.[10] When shooting the beginning sequence of Alice being killed by Jason in her own apartment, the ice pick prop itself didn't retract and King's on-screen reaction was real considering it was injuring her head.[5]

text: In one scene where Daskawisz was wearing the burlap flour sack, part of the flour sack was flapping at his eye, so the crew used tape inside the eye area to prevent it from flapping. Daskawisz received rug burns around his eye from the tape from wearing the rough flour sack material for hours.[11] The use of the sack hood was similar to the 1976 film The Town That Dreaded Sundown.[12]

text: The scene where Steel's character gets grabbed from behind by an unmasked Jason in the climax took approximately three takes to shoot it right. Because of this, Steel herself would become more tense and frightened when the camera rolls and Gillette grabs her.[5]

text: Rumors sparked that John Furey left before the film wrapped, as his character does not appear in the end. In truth, his character was not intended to have appeared.[13]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Like its predecessor, Friday the 13th Part 2 had difficulty receiving an R rating from the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).[14] Upon reviewing the film, the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA) warned Paul Hagger, an executive at Paramount, that the "accumulation of violence throughout the film" may still lead to an X rating even if substantial cuts were made.[15]

text: A total of forty-eight seconds had to be cut from the film in order to avoid an X rating.[5] This film received a deluxe DVD release in February 2009, but the edited footage was not included. Most noted by censors was the murder scene of Jeff and Sandra, who are impaled by a spear while having sex in a bed (a scene many have compared to a scene in Mario Bava's A Bay of Blood), which the censors found particularly graphic.[5][14] When actress Marta Kober, who played Sandra, originally did a scene with full frontal nudity, Paramount discovered she was underage and the scene was completely deleted[5]

text: Originally, the film was supposed to end with Mrs. Voorhees' head opening her eyes and smiling towards the camera. However, Miner removed the scene out of the final film as he never seriously considered it for the film’s actual ending. To this day, the footage of this alternate ending has yet to be released.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released theatrically on April 30, 1981, bringing in $6,429,784 its opening weekend. It played on 1,350 screens and would ultimately gross $21,722,776. It was the 35th highest-grossing film of 1981, facing strong competition early in the year from such high-profile horror releases as Omen III: The Final Conflict, The Howling, Scanners, Wolfen, Deadly Blessing, The Funhouse, Halloween II, My Bloody Valentine, The Prowler, The Fan and The Hand.[16]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Much like its predecessor, critical reception to the film was initially negative. It has a 34% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes among 32 reviews.[17] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that Friday the 13th Part 2 is "a cross between the Mad Slasher and Dead teenager genres; about two dozen movies a year feature a mad killer going berserk, and they're all about as bad as this one. Some have a little more plot, some have a little less. It doesn't matter."[18]

text: When reviewing the film's Blu-ray release, David Harley of Bloody Disgusting said, "It doesn't exactly stray far from the formula of the original film — neither do most of the other sequels — but Friday The 13th Part II still stands as an iconic and important entry in the series due to the introduction of Jason as the antagonist of the series and the usage of Italian horror films as an inspiration for its death scenes — most notably, the spear copulation death from Mario Bava’s A Bay of Blood."[19] Scott Meslow of The Week described it as a transitional film that blended elements of the original film and those to come later in the series.[20] The final scene where Jason crashes through the window and the scene where Jason raises his knife before killing Vicki were featured in the tribute to horror films montage during the 82nd Academy Awards.

text: In 2014, the film ranked at number one on a list of the 100 Greatest Slasher Movies on the genre website Vegan Voorhees.[21]

text: The film's ending has been a source of confusion for fans. Writer Ron Kurz has stated that Jason's window jump was intended to be set in reality and that Paul was killed offscreen.[16] However, the beginning of Part III, in replaying the end of Part 2, instead showed Jason pulling the machete out of his shoulder and crawling away as Ginny and Paul leave him for dead in the shack. This arguably retcons the scene of Jason's window jump into a dream. In addition, near the beginning of Part III, a news broadcast reports the body count at eight, thus excluding Paul from this count.

text: Music[edit]

text:
Friday the 13th Part 2

Soundtrack album by Harry Manfredini

Released
January 13, 2012 (La-La Land)
June 2015 (Waxworks)

Genre
Film score

Length
43:02

Label
Gramavision, La-La Land, Waxworks

Producer
Harry Manfredini, Jay Yuenger, Neil S. Bulk

text: In 1982, Gramavision Records released an LP album of selected pieces of Harry Manfredini's scores from the first three Friday the 13th films.[22] On January 13, 2012, La-La Land Records released a limited edition 6-CD boxset containing Manfredini's scores from the first six films. It sold out in less than 24 hours.[23] Waxworks Records released the Harry Manfredini-composed score on vinyl in summer 2015.[24]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Harry Manfredini.

text:
Side A

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Flashback"
5:34

2.
"Alice Hangs Up"
1:59

3.
"Keep a Cool Head (Main Title)"
2:11

4.
"Prowler"
2:02

5.
"Ralph Gets Cursed"
1:38

6.
"Terry Looks for Muffin"
0:53

7.
"Jeff and Sandy Are Watched"
0:55

8.
"The Chase / Sheriff Visits / Villa Jason"
2:53

9.
"Terry in Lake / Dolly in, Scott Out"
2:33

text:
Side B

No.
Title
Length

10.
"Vickie is Watched / Jason at Door"
2:32

11.
"Vickie Goes Up"
0:47

12.
"Jason and Paul Meet"
1:25

13.
"Ragtop and Running Ragged"
3:54

14.
"Ginny Under the Bed"
4:00

15.
"Ginny Visits Villa Jason"
5:33

16.
"Who's at the Door?"
1:58

17.
"Return to Chez Jason / End Title"
2:27

text: Novelization[edit]

text: A novelization based on the screenplay of Ron Kurz was published in 1988: Hawke, Simon, Friday the 13th Part II: A Novel, New American Library, New York, 1988, ISBN 0-451-15337-5


document_title: Demographics of Houston

question_text: what is the majority race in houston texas

text: Demographics of Houston

text: Population and households[edit]

text:
City of Houston
Past censuses[1]

Year
Population
Rank

1850
2,396
 ?

1860
4,845
 ?

1870
9,332
 ?

1880
16,513
 ?

1890
27,557
 ?

1900
44,633
85

1910
78,800
68

1920
138,276
45

1930
292,352
26

1940
384,514
21

1950
596,163
14

1960
938,219
7

1970
1,232,802
6

1980
1,595,138
5

1990
1,630,553
4

2000
1,953,631
4

2010
2,099,451
4

text: As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 1,953,631 people, 717,945 households, and 457,330 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). There were 782,009 housing units at an average density of 1,349.6 per square mile (521.1/km²). If the city of Houston were a U.S. state, it would rank 36th in population—its estimated 2.01 million residents in 2004 placed it behind Nevada and ahead of New Mexico.[3][4] In 2005, the Greater Houston area had a population of more than 5.7 million, as the area was growing at a faster rate than the state or the nation.[5]

text: In 2000, there were 717,945 households in the city, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. Twenty-nine percent of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.39. The median house price was $115,961 in 2009.[6]

text: In the city, the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

text: The median income for a household in the city was $36,616, and the median income for a family was $40,443. Males had a median income of $32,084 versus $27,371 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,101. Nineteen percent of the population and 16% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 26.1% of those under the age of 18 and 14.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

text: As of 2002, 38,000 residents of Houston were counted among residents of Fort Bend County, as the city had expanded into this county. Houston ranked as the third-largest city within Fort Bend County by population, after Missouri City and Sugar Land.[7]

text: Race and ethnic origins[edit]

text: Houston is a diverse and international city, in part because of its many academic institutions and strong biomedical, energy, manufacturing and aerospace industries. According to the U.S. Census 2000, the racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White (including Hispanic or Latino), 25.3% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 5.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 37% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Since the 1990 Census, Houston's population has become majority-minority.

text: The Daily Mail stated, in regards to the 2000 census data, that the racial and ethnic diversity in Houston and Greater Houston increased in areas outside the center of the city, where living costs were lower and there was more residential development.[8]

text: Religion[edit]

text: According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 73% of the population of the city identified as Christian, with 50% saying they attended a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 19% identifying as Roman Catholic.[9][10] Some 20% did not claim any religious affiliation. The PEW study said that adherents of other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 7% of the population. Houston is also within the Bible Belt.[11]

text: Language[edit]

text: In the 2000 U.S. Census, 938,123 residents of the City of Houston said that they spoke English only. The largest foreign languages in Houston included Spanish and Spanish creole (679,292 speakers), Vietnamese (26,125 speakers), Chinese (24,234 speakers), African indigenous languages (11,603 speakers), and Urdu of Pakistan (10,669 speakers). Percentages of the non-English groups who said that they spoke English at least "very well" include 42% of the Spanish speakers, 32% of the Vietnamese speakers, 49% of the Chinese speakers, 72% of the speakers of indigenous African languages, and 70% of the speakers of Urdu.[12]

text: In 2000, 1,961,993 residents of Harris County spoke English only. The five largest foreign languages in the county were Spanish or Spanish Creole (1,106,883 speakers), Vietnamese (53,311 speakers), Chinese (33,003 speakers), French including Cajun and Patois (33,003 speakers), and Urdu of Pakistan (14,595 speakers). Percentages of language groups who said that they spoke English at least "very well" include 46% of Spanish speakers, 37% of Vietnamese speakers, 50% of Chinese speakers, 85% of French speakers, and 72% of Urdu speakers.[12] Southwestern Louisiana Creole language is spoken in Houston. [13]

text: As of 2015, about 40% of Harris County residents spoke languages other than English.[14]

text: National origin[edit]

text: Houston's foreign-born population increased by 400,000 in a ten-year span ending in 2010. During that span, of all U.S. cities, Houston had the second-largest increase of foreign-born persons.[14] As of 2011, 22% of Greater Houston residents were born in another country. This percentage was the fifth-largest in Texas.[15] In 2015 about 25% of the residents of Harris County, over one million persons, were immigrants. Surrounding counties have percentages similar to that of Harris County. As of that year, immigrants were widely dispersed throughout the Houston area.[14]

text: Refugee populations[edit]

text: Since the 1970s, when Houston began absorbing Vietnamese refugees after the Fall of Saigon, Houston has become a destination for refugee resettlement. About 1,600 refugees arrive at George Bush Intercontinental Airport per year. Refugees from Afghanistan, Bhutan, El Salvador, Cuba, Iraq, Myanmar, and Somalia have settled in Houston; Burundians from Rwanda have also settled in Houston. Over the three years leading to 2009, Houston took about 2,200 Burmese.[16] In 2014 4,818 refugees from 40 countries settled in Harris County. That year, of all counties in Texas, Harris County had the largest number of refugee settlements.[14]

text: LGBT community[edit]

text: Montrose historically was the center of the LGBT community in Houston. By 2011 many homosexual people moved to the Houston Heights and to suburbs in Greater Houston.[17]

text: Health[edit]

text: In 2010 the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston released a Health of Houston Survey. Based on the survey results, 20% of area residents consider themselves to be in poor or fair health. Half of the Houston area residents do not have dental insurance. The area's percentage of individuals who report having psychiatric distress is twice the U.S. national average. Of the racial groups, after excluding illegal immigrants, Hispanics have the lowest rates of health insurance.[18] Houston is also part of the Stroke Belt along with many other Southern cities.[19]

text: Politics[edit]

text: In 2013 Allen Turner of the Houston Chronicle reported that residents of Harris County were "consistently conservative in elections," voting for Republican candidates in local, state and federal elections. But, according to a Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research 2013 opinion poll, they were surprisingly liberal on a variety of hot-button social topics, "such as immigration, gun control and equal matrimonial rights for same-sex couples".[20]