document_title: Medical prescription

question_text: what is the meaning of rx in medical line

text: Medical prescription

text: Format and definition[edit]

text: The format of a prescription falls in to seven parts. However, with modern proscribing habits, some are some are no longer applicable or included on an everyday basis.

text: For it to be a legal prescription it must always included details of the creator and now their registered address . This is known as the Inscriptio

text: Definition: For such prescriptions to be accepted as a legal medical prescription, it needs to be filed by a qualified dentist, herbalist, nurse, pharmacist, physician, veterinarian etc., which falls within their remit to prescribe such treatments. This is regardless of whether they included Controlled substances or freely available over-the-counter treatments.

text: Prescriptions may be entered into an electronic medical record system and transmitted electronically to a pharmacy. Alternatively, a prescription may be handwritten on preprinted prescription forms that have been assembled into pads, or printed onto similar forms using a computer printer or even on plain paper according to the circumstance. In some cases, a prescription may be transmitted from the physician to the pharmacist orally by telephone; this practice may increase the risk of medical error. The content of a prescription includes the name and address of the prescribing provider and any other legal requirement such as a registration number (e.g. DEA Number in the United States). Unique for each prescription is the name of the patient. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the patient's name and address must also be recorded. Each prescription is dated and some jurisdictions may place a time limit on the prescription.[2] In the past, prescriptions contained instructions for the pharmacist to use for compounding the pharmaceutical product but most prescriptions now specify pharmaceutical products that were manufactured and require little or no preparation by the pharmacist. Prescriptions also contain directions for the patient to follow when taking the drug. These directions are printed on the label of the pharmaceutical product.

text: '℞' is a symbol meaning "recipe". It is sometimes transliterated as "Rx" or just "Rx". This symbol originated in medieval manuscripts as an abbreviation of the Late Latin verb recipe, the second person singular imperative form of recipere, "to take", thus: "take thou".[3] Medieval prescriptions invariably began with the command to "take" certain materials and compound them in specified ways.[4]

text: Folk theories about the origin of the symbol '℞' note its similarity to the Eye of Horus,[5][6] or to the ancient symbol for Zeus or Jupiter, (♃), gods whose protection may have been sought in medical contexts.[7]

text: The word "prescription", from "pre-" ("before") and "script" ("writing, written"), refers to the fact that the prescription is an order that must be written down before a compound drug can be prepared. Those within the industry will often call prescriptions simply "scripts".

text: In certain states medical marijuana legislation has been drafted calling for a health care professional's written or oral "recommendation", in the belief that a written one would be legally distinguishable from a prescription, but since written advice to a patient is what a prescription is, that belief is mistaken.[citation needed] Jurisdictions may adopt a statutory definition of "prescription" that applies as a term of art only to the operation of that statute (see below about prescriptions that may legally be filled with prescription-only items), but the general legal definition of the word is this broad one.

text: Contents[edit]

text: Many brand name drugs have cheaper generic drug substitutes that are therapeutically and biochemically equivalent. Prescriptions will also contain instructions on whether the prescriber will allow the pharmacist to substitute a generic version of the drug. This instruction is communicated in a number of ways.

text: In some jurisdictions, the preprinted prescription contains two signature lines: one line has "dispense as written" printed underneath; the other line has "substitution permitted" underneath. Some have a preprinted box "dispense as written" for the prescriber to check off (but this is easily checked off by anyone with access to the prescription). Other jurisdictions the protocol is for the prescriber to handwrite one of the following phrases: "dispense as written", "DAW", "brand necessary", "do not substitute", "no substitution", "medically necessary", "do not interchange".[8] In other jurisdictions they may use completely different languages, never mind a different formula of words. In some jurisdictions, it may be a legal requirement to include the age of child on the prescription.[9] For pediatric prescriptions some advise the inclusion of the age of the child if the patient is less than twelve and the age and months if less than five. (In general, including the age on the prescription is helpful.) Adding the weight of the child is also helpful.

text: Prescriptions often have a "label" box.[10] When checked, the pharmacist is instructed to label the medication. When not checked, the patient only receives instructions for taking the medication and no information about the prescription itself.

text: Some prescribers further inform the patient and pharmacist by providing the indication for the medication; i.e. what is being treated. This assists the pharmacist in checking for errors as many common medications can be used for multiple medical conditions.

text: Some prescriptions will specify whether and how many "repeats" or "refills" are allowed; that is whether the patient may obtain more of the same medication without getting a new prescription from the medical practitioner. Regulations may restrict some types of drugs from being refilled.

text: In group practices, the preprinted portion of the prescription may contain multiple prescribers' names. Prescribers typically circle themselves to indicate who is prescribing or there may be a checkbox next to their name.

text: Writing prescriptions[edit]

text: The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Who can write prescriptions (that may legally be filled with prescription-only items)[edit]

text: National or local (i.e. state or provincial) legislation governs who can write a prescription. In the United States, physicians (either M.D., D.O., or D.P.M.) have the broadest prescriptive authority. All 50 states and the District of Columbia allow licensed certified Physician Assistants (PAs) prescription authority (with some states, limitations exist to controlled substances). All 50 states allow registered certified nurse practitioners and other advanced practice registered nurses (such as certified nurse-midwives) prescription power (with some states including limitations to controlled substances).[11][12] Many other healthcare professions also have prescriptive authority related to their area of practice. Veterinarians and dentists have prescribing power in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Clinical pharmacists are allowed to prescribe in some states through the use of a drug formulary or collaboration agreements. Florida pharmacists can write prescriptions for a limited set of drugs.[13] In all states, optometrists prescribe medications to treat certain eye diseases, and also issue spectacle and contact lens prescriptions for corrective eyewear.[14] Several states have passed RxP legislation, allowing clinical psychologists (PhDs or PsyDs) who are registered as medical psychologists and have also undergone specialized training in script-writing to prescribe drugs to treat emotional and mental disorders. Chiropractors may have the ability to write a prescription, depending on scope of practice laws in a jurisdiction.

text: In August 2013, legislative changes in the UK allowed physiotherapists and podiatrists to have independent prescribing rights for licensed medicines that are used to treat conditions within their own area of expertise and competence.[15]

text: Legibility[edit]

text: Prescriptions, when handwritten, are notorious for being often illegible. In the US, illegible handwriting is at least indirectly responsible for the deaths of 7,000 people annually, according to a July 2006 report from the National Academies of Science's Institute of Medicine (IOM).[citation needed] Historically, physicians used Latin words and abbreviations to convey the entire prescription to the pharmacist. Today, many of the abbreviations are still widely used and must be understood to interpret prescriptions. At other times, even though some of the individual letters are illegible, the position of the legible letters and length of the word is sufficient to distinguish the medication based on the knowledge of the pharmacist. When in doubt, pharmacists call the medical practitioner. Some jurisdictions have legislated legible prescriptions (e.g. Florida).[16] Some have advocated the elimination of handwritten prescriptions altogether[17] and computer printed prescriptions are becoming increasingly common in some places.

text: Conventions for avoiding ambiguity[edit]

text: Over the years, prescribers have developed many conventions for prescription-writing, with the goal of avoiding ambiguities or misinterpretation.[18][19][20] These include:

text:
Careful use of decimal points to avoid ambiguity:

Avoiding unnecessary decimal points: a prescription will be written as 5 mL instead of 5.0 mL to avoid possible misinterpretation of 5.0 as 50.
Always using zero prefix decimals: e.g. 0.5 instead of .5 to avoid misinterpretation of .5 as 5.
Avoiding trailing zeros on decimals: e.g. 0.5 instead of .50 or 0.50 to avoid misinterpretation of .50 as 50.

"mL" is used instead of "cc" or "cm³" even though they are technically equivalent to avoid misinterpretation of 'c' as '0' or the common medical abbreviation for "with" (the Latin "cum"), which is written as a 'c' with a bar above the letter. Further, cc could be misinterpreted as "c.c.", which is a rarely used abbreviation for "take with meals" (the Latin "cum cibo").
Directions written out in full in English (although some common Latin abbreviations are listed below).
Quantities given directly or implied by the frequency and duration of the directions.
Where the directions are "as needed", the quantity should always be specified.
Where possible, usage directions should specify times (7 am, 3 pm, 11 pm) rather than simply frequency (three times a day) and especially relationship to meals for orally consumed medication.
The use of permanent ink.
Avoiding units such as "teaspoons" or "tablespoons."
Writing out numbers as words and numerals ("dispense #30 (thirty)") as in a bank draft or cheque.
The use of apothecary/avoirdupois units and symbols of measure -- pints (O), ounces (℥), drams (ℨ), scruples (℈), grains (gr), and minims (♏) -- is discouraged given the potential for confusion. For example, the abbreviation for a grain ("gr") can be confused with the gram, abbreviated g, and the symbol for minims (♏), which looks almost identical to an 'm', can be confused with micrograms or metres. Also, the symbols for ounce (℥) and dram (ℨ) can easily be confused with the numeral '3', and the symbol for pint (O) can be easily read as a '0'. Given the potential for errors, metric equivalents should always be used.
The use of the degree symbol (°), which is commonly used as an abbreviation for hours (e.g., "q 2-4°" for every 2 – 4 hours), should not be used, since it can be confused with a '0'. Further, the use of the degree symbol for primary, secondary, and tertiary (1°, 2°, and 3°) is discouraged, since the former could be confused with quantities (i.e. 10, 20 and 30, respectively).

text: Abbreviations[edit]

text: Many abbreviations are derived from Latin phrases. Hospital pharmacies have more abbreviations, some specific to the hospital. Different jurisdictions follow different conventions on what is abbreviated or not. Prescriptions that do not follow area conventions may be flagged as possible forgeries.

text: Some abbreviations that are ambiguous, or that in their written form might be confused with something else, are not recommended and should be avoided. These are included in a separate list in Appendix 1.[clarification needed] However, all abbreviations carry an increased risk for confusion and misinterpretation and should be used cautiously.

text: In continental Europe[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In continental Europe, prescriptions differ from their counterparts in the English-speaking world. With the exception of patient directions, they are written out entirely in abbreviations deriving from the Latin language. Furthermore, a larger proportion of prescriptions are compounded, and appropriate abbreviations and phrases exist for this. Many medical schools require up to two years of Latin as part of the curriculum for medical doctors and pharmacists.

text: Parts of a European prescription[edit]

text: A continental European prescription consists of three parts:

text:
* the praescriptio is the prescription itself; that is, directions to the dispensing pharmacist to supply medication, made up of the following:

the invocatio, consisting of the abbreviation Rp; this is analogous to the Rx used in the English-speaking world, and stands for recipe, Latin for take [from the shelf]; and
the ordinatio, also known as the compositio, which consists either of the brand name, strength, and number and type of dosage units of a particular drug, or else of directions written entirely in the Latin accusative case, with the exception of ingredient names, written in the genitive case. Masses are written in grammes, without the unit name. The compositio is followed by

the subscriptio, which consists of the directions according to which the medicament is to be prepared. An important part of this is the signatura, which is directed towards the patient and explains how to use the medication. Unlike the rest of the prescription, the signatura is written in the national vernacular.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
Prescription
Reading
Translation

For off-the-shelf morphine tablets:

Rp.

Sevredol tbl. 60x20 mg
Exp. orig. No II (duas)
D.S. For pain 4x1 by mouth

Recipe

Sevredol tabulettae sexaginties milligrammae viginti
Expeditiones originales numero duas
Da Signa: For pain, one pill four times a day by mouth

Take

Sevredol, sixty twenty-milligramme tablets
Two packages
Directions for use: For pain, one pill four times a day by mouth

Individually compounded medication

Rp.

Pentobarbitali natrici 3
Morphiae sulphas 2
Chlorali hydrati 15
Saccharum ad 50
M.f.plv.
Div. in doses aeq. No XXX (triginta)
D.S. For sleep: one sachet to be taken at bedtime

Recipe

Pentobarbitali natrici grammata tres
Morphiae sulphas grammata duo
Chlorali hydrati grammata quindecim
Saccharum ad grammata quinquaginta
Misce fiat pulvis
Divide in doses aequales numero triginta
Da Signa: For sleep: one sachet to be taken at bedtime

Take

of pentobarbitone sodium, three grammes
of sulphate of morphia, two grammes
of hydrate of chloral, fifteen grammes
of table sugar, enough to make fifty grammes
Mix to make powder
Divide into thirty equal doses
Directions for use: For sleep: one sachet to be taken at bedtime

text: Other conventions[edit]

text: Should a patient require a dosage in excess of the maximum as established by the appropriate governmental body, this is marked by an exclamation mark and the highest recommended dosage in Latin. If this is not done, it is the responsibility of the pharmacist to contact the doctor as to dose requirements, or amend the dose to the highest recommended one.

text: In emergency situations, a prescription pad may not be available. In this situation, any piece of paper will do, provided it is marked Periculum in mora!; that is, danger in delay (other designations, such as Cito! or Statim!, are also used and understood). Such ad-hoc prescriptions have a limited period of validity; typically, this is the day after the prescription is written.

text: A doctor may self-prescribe, or prescribe for their family; this is done by replacing the signatura by the Latin phrase pro manus medici (for medical hands) or ad usum proprium (for own use). This is to be done with caution; certain drugs self-prescribed will arouse suspicion, and may result in investigation by the medical board or another governmental body.

text: Brand-name drugs may be swapped for generics; if this is not wanted by the doctor, they may write dispense as written in the local language on the prescription.

text: Non-prescription drug prescriptions[edit]

text: Prescriptions are also used for things that are not strictly regulated as a prescription drug. Prescribers will often give non-prescription drugs out as prescriptions because drug benefit plans may reimburse the patient only if the over-the-counter medication is taken under the direction of a medical practitioner. Conversely, if a medication is available over-the-counter, prescribers may ask patients if they want it as a prescription or purchase it themselves. Pharmacists may or may not be able to price the medication competitively with over-the-counter equivalents. If the patient wants the medication not under prescription, the prescriber is usually careful to give the medication name to the patient on a blank piece of paper to avoid any confusion with a prescription. This is applied to non-medications as well. For example, crutches, and registered massage therapy may be reimbursed under some health plans, but only if given out by a prescriber as a prescription. Some software now requires a prescription.[21]

text: Prescribers will often use blank prescriptions as general letterhead. Legislation may define certain equipment as "prescription devices".[22] Such prescription devices can only be used under the supervision of authorized personnel and such authorization is typically documented using a prescription. Examples of prescription devices include dental cement (for affixing braces to tooth surfaces), various prostheses, gut sutures, sickle cell tests, cervical cap and ultrasound monitor.[citation needed]

text: In some jurisdictions, hypodermic syringes are in a special class of their own, regulated as illicit drug use accessories[23] separate from regular medical legislation. Such legislation will often specify a prescription as the means by which one may legally possess syringes.[citation needed]

text: Related usage of the term prescription[edit]

text: Prescription may also be used as a short form for prescription drugs to distinguish from over-the-counter drugs. In reference to the entire system of controlling drug distribution (as opposed to illicit drugs), "prescription" is often used as a metaphor for healthy directions from a prescribing medical practitioner. A green prescription is direction from a medical practitioner to a patient for exercise and healthy diet.

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of prescriptions dates back to the beginning of history. So long as there were medications and a writing system to capture directions for preparation and usage, there were prescriptions.[24]

text: Modern prescriptions are actually extemporaneous prescriptions (from the Latin ex tempore = at/from the time),[25] meaning that the prescription is written on the spot for a specific patient with a specific ailment. This is distinguished from a non-extemporaneous prescription that is a generic recipe for a general ailment. Modern prescriptions evolved with the separation of the role of the pharmacists from that of the physician.[26] Today the term extemporaneous prescriptions is reserved for compound prescriptions that requires the pharmacist to mix or compound the medication in the pharmacy for the specific needs of the patient.[citation needed]

text: Predating modern legal definitions of a prescription, a prescription traditionally is composed of four parts: a superscription, inscription, subscription, and signature.[27]

text: The superscription section contains the date of the prescription and patient information (name, address, age, etc.). The symbol "℞" separates the superscription from the inscriptions sections. In this arrangement of the prescription, the "℞" is a symbol for recipe or literally the imperative "take!" This is an exhortation to the pharmacist by the medical practitioner, "I want the patient to have the following medication"[28] – in other words, "take the following components and compound this medication for the patient."

text: The inscription section defines what is the medication. The inscription section is further composed of one or more of:[29]

text:
a basis or chief ingredient indended to cure (curare)
an adjuvant to assist its action and make it cure quickly (cito)
a corrective to prevent or lessen any undesirable effect (tuto)
a vehicle or excipient to make it suitable for administration and pleasant to the patient (jucunde)

text: The subscription section contains dispensing directions to the pharmacist. This may be compounding instructions or quantities.

text: The signature section contains directions to the patient[30] and is often abbreviated "Sig."[31] or "Signa."[32] It also obviously contains the signature of the prescribing medical practitioner though the word signature has two distinct meanings here and the abbreviations are sometimes used to avoid confusion.

text: Thus sample prescriptions in modern textbooks are often presented as:

text: Use of technology[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: As a prescription is nothing more than information among a prescriber, pharmacist and patient, information technology can be applied to it. Existing information technology is adequate to print out prescriptions. Medical information systems in some hospitals do away with prescriptions within the hospital. There are proposals to securely transmit the prescription from the prescriber to the pharmacist using smartcard or the internet.[33] In the United Kingdom a project called the Electronic Transfer of Prescriptions (ETP) within the National Programme for IT (NPfIT) is currently piloting such a scheme between prescribers and pharmacies.

text: Within computerized pharmacies, the information on paper prescriptions is recorded into a database. Afterwards, the paper prescription is archived for storage and legal reasons.

text: A pharmacy chain is often linked together through corporate headquarters with computer networking. Walgreens, for example, uses satellite technology to share patient information. A person who has a prescription filled at one branch can get a refill of that prescription at any other store in the chain, as well as have their information available for new prescriptions at any branch.

text: Some online pharmacies also offer services to customers over the internet. Walgreens' web site, for example, allows customers to order refills for medicine over the internet, and allows them to specify the store that they will pick up the medicine from. Their web site also allows consumers to look up their prescription history, and to print it out.

text: Many pharmacies now offer services to ship prescription refills right to the patient's home. CVS, for example, will ship refills free of charge. They also offer mail service where you can mail in a new, original prescription and a signed document, and they will ship the filled prescription back to you.

text: Pharmacy information systems are a potential source of valuable information for pharmaceutical companies as it contains information about the prescriber's prescribing habits. Prescription data mining of such data is a developing, specialized field.[34]

text: Many prescribers lack the digitized information systems that reduce prescribing errors.[35] To reduce these errors, some investigators have developed modified prescription forms that prompt the prescriber to provide all the desired elements of a good prescription. The modified forms also contain pre-defined choices such as common quantities, units and frequencies that the prescriber may circle rather than write out. Such forms are thought to reduce errors, especially omission and handwriting errors and are actively under evaluation. (See: Kennedy AG, Littenberg B. A Modified Outpatient Prescription Form to Reduce Prescription Errors. Joint Commission Journal of Quality and Safety 2004; 30:480-487.)


document_title: Garage Sale Mystery

question_text: who plays the daughter in garage sale mysteries

root

text: Garage Sale Mystery

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lori Loughlin as Jennifer "Jenni" Shannon,[1] series protagonist who runs an antique shop called Rags to Riches.
Steve Bacic as Jason Shannon, Jennifer's engineer husband (Rick Ravanello played the role in the first film)
Eva Bourne as Hannah Shannon, Jennifer's daughter (Sara Canning played the role in the first film)
Connor Stanhope as Logan Shannon, Jennifer and Jason's son (Brendan Meyer played the role in films #1–4)
Sarah Strange as Danielle/"Dani", Jennifer's business partner and co-owner of Rags to Riches
Kevin O'Grady as Detective Frank Lynwood, a friend of Jason's
Andrew Dunbar as Detective Adam Iverson, a police detective helping Jennifer

tag: ul

text: Films[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
"Garage Sale Mystery"
Peter DeLuise
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
September 14, 2013 (2013-09-14)

Jennifer notices that several rich houses are robbed right after they have garage sales, including one woman who ends up dead, apparently from accidentally falling down the stairs, but Jennifer suspects foul play. She convinces Detective Adam Iverson to accompany her to some garage sales, and they do turn up some suspects for the robberies, but no evidence emerges for the murder. Jennifer eventually finds the murderer.

2
"Garage Sale Mystery: All that Glitters"
Peter DeLuise
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
October 26, 2014 (2014-10-26)

Jennifer Shannon (Lori Loughlin) has a gift for finding rare treasures hidden in garage sales that she can resell at her consignment store, Rags to Riches. When Jennifer's friend and self-storage facility owner Martin (Michael Kopsa) turns up murdered just hours after auctioning off an abandoned storage unit full of unique items, she is immediately pulled into the investigation as a key eyewitness. Working with Detective Lynwood (Kevin O'Grady), Jennifer helps single out a disgruntled customer as the prime suspect, while she and her business partner, Danielle (Sarah Strange), sift through boxes from the auction. As her husband Jason (Steve Bacic) worries about her safety, there is a break-in at her store, and a run-in with Martin's angry widow. Then, Jennifer and Danielle discover their new merchandise contains the sparkly evidence they needed all along to nail the surprising real culprit, and they must race to save a life and put their own on the line.[2]

3
"Garage Sale Mystery: The Deadly Room"
Peter DeLuise
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
April 28, 2015 (2015-04-28)

A real estate agent sleeps all night in one of her listings to prove that it is not cursed but ends up dead.

4
"Garage Sale Mystery: The Wedding Dress"
Peter DeLuise
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)

Jennifer finds an old but expensive wedding dress in a box of clothes purchased at an estate sale. She finds a blood stain on a pocket and investigation turns up Helen Carter, the bride, together with the story that the groom disappeared between the wedding and the reception after the wedding. Jennifer doggedly pursues the mystery and, using Luminol, determines that there were still blood stains inside a closet in the storage room of the church. She persuades Ted to confess to murder, but then Helen confesses her role in the murder. Helen's actions are ruled justified and she is not charged. Helen and Ted renew their romance after a gap of 35 years.

5
"Garage Sale Mystery: Guilty Until Proven Innocent"
Peter DeLuise
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
January 3, 2016 (2016-01-03)

Sandra (Kirsten Robek), a former friend of Jennifer's, comes to Rags to Riches offering to sell all of her antiques from her store Past Perfect asking for no payment up front and only 20% of any sale Jennifer makes. At Sandra's store in Madison, Jennifer discovers a basement filled with beautiful antiques, and they find the body of Sandra's former fiance, Michael Chambers (Frank Zotter), whom Sandra thought had left her for another woman when he had disappeared two years ago. An investigation ensues under local Sheriff Conners (Panou). Jennifer must find out the truth to prove Sandra's innocence. Then she meets recently widowed Kimberly Colette Baumaine (Aliyah O'Brien) who comes to Jennifer's store to sell her late husband's antiques and the pieces begin to fall into place.

6
"Garage Sale Mystery: The Novel Murders"
Norma Bailey
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
June 4, 2016 (2016-06-04)

There is a series of murders, each one taken out of a mystery novel. First, Art Henley (John Innes) is murdered, following the Agatha Christie crime novel Three Act Tragedy. Second, Gerry McNally (Alex Zahara) is murdered, following Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet. Third, Myles Fowler (Gerard Plunkett) is murdered, loosely following the mystery novel The Circular Staircase, by Mary Roberts Rinehart.

7
"Garage Sale Mystery: The Art of Murder"
Kristoffer Tabori
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
January 8, 2017 (2017-01-08)

While setting up a charity garage sale, Jennifer Shannon discovers a body in the attic of a nearby home. Using her eye for detail as well as her experience with antiques and murder, Jennifer puts together clues that help catch a killer.

8
"Garage Sale Mystery: The Beach Murder"
Neill Fearnley
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
August 11, 2017 (2017-08-11)

Jennifer's friend and customer Anne's (Chiara Zanni) husband is found dead at an isolated beach and his death is suspected to be an accidental drowning. But Anne suspects foul play convinced that her avid surfer husband Steve was murdered. Steve's brother Todd (Ben Cotton) is a prime suspect when Steve's business partner Mitch (Michael Teigen) is also attacked but he is soon found dead deepening the mystery. A local surfer with a criminal past had vandalized Steve's car and is soon arrested. With the clues still not adding up, Jennifer works with Detective Lynwood to uncover the truth. Meanwhile, a smitten Logan decides to try his hand at theater to be cast opposite his crush. Jennifer and Dani try to reconcile a couple who try selling each other's memorabilia to the store.

9
"Garage Sale Mystery: Murder by Text"
Neill Fearnley
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)

A bass player is found dead before a planned tour with a big country singer.

10
"Garage Sale Mystery: Murder Most Medieval"
Neill Fearnley
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)

Jenn finds the body of a local college history professor hidden in a suit of armor she purchased. After the professor's teaching assistant becomes the next victim, Jennifer finds herself caught in a killer's web of dangerous lies.

11
"Garage Sale Mystery: A Case of Murder"
Neill Fearnley
Suzi Weinert (book), Walter Klenhard (teleplay)
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)

After buying an old reel-to-reel recorder at a garage sale, Jenn discovers that it includes the sound of a man pleading for his life.

tag: table

text: Background[edit]

text: The series started an adaptation of a two-part book series by author Suzi Weinert: Garage Sale Stalker and Garage Sale Diamonds.[3]

tag: p

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The films were originally Hallmark Channel projects until broadcast on other stations.

text: Bravo (Canada) aired the entire hexalogy in July 2016 and the expanded entire eleven movies in September 2017.[4][5]

text: Channel 5 (UK) broadcast the 7th film.[citation needed]


document_title: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

question_text: when did hocus pocus come out on dvd

question_tokens: when did hocus pocus come out on dvd

text: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On October 31, 1693 near Salem, Massachusetts, Thackery Binx sees his little sister, Emily, spirited away to the cottage of three witches. There, the Sanderson sisters, Winifred, Sarah and Mary, cast a spell on Emily to absorb her youth and regain their own, killing her in the process. Thackery confronts the witches who transform him into an immortal black cat to live with his guilt for not saving Emily. The townsfolk, led by Binx's father, capture the witches. But before being hanged, Winifred's spellbook casts a curse that will resurrect the witches during a full moon on All Hallows Eve when any virgin lights the Black Flame Candle. Thackery guards the cottage to ensure no one summons the witches.

text: 300 years later (Halloween 1993), Max Dennison is feeling unsettled from his family's sudden move from Los Angeles to Salem. Max takes his younger sister Dani trick-or-treating, where they run into Max's new crush Allison. Allison mentions that her family owns the Sanderson cottage as a museum. Max, in an effort to impress Allison, invites her to show him the Sanderson house to convince him that the witches were real.

text: Investigating inside the cottage, Max lights the Black Flame Candle and inadvertently resurrects the witches, who plot to continue their plan to suck out the souls of all of Salem's children, beginning with Dani. Escaping, Max steals Winifred's spellbook on advice from Thackery. The witches pursue them to a cemetery, where Winifred raises her unfaithful lover Billy Butcherson as a zombie to chase them on foot. The witches try to acclimate to the 20th century, but are horrified when they discover Halloween has become a holiday. The witches plan to achieve their goals or they will be disintegrated at sunrise. They pursue the children across town using Mary's enhanced sense of smell. Max, Allison and Dani find their parents at a Halloween party at the town hall, where Winifred enchants the partygoers to dance and sing until they die. At Jacob Bailey High School, the children trap the witches in a kiln to burn them alive. While celebrating, the witches' curse revives them again. Not realizing that the witches haven't truly died, Max and Allison open the spellbook in an effort to reverse the spell on Binx. The open spellbook reveals the location of the group, and the witches track them down and kidnap Dani. Sarah then uses her siren-like singing to mesmerize Salem's children, luring them to the Sandersons' cottage. Max and Allison rescue Dani and Thackery by tricking the witches into believing sunrise came an hour early.

text: Back at the cemetery, Max runs into Billy, who cuts open his stitched up mouth and insults Winifred, joining Max to protect Dani. The witches attack and Winifred attempts to suck out the soul from Dani with the single vial of potion she retrieved from her cauldron. Thackery leaps on Winifred and knocks the potion out of her hand into Max's, but is then thrown to the ground and mortally wounded. Rather than smashing the vial, Max drinks it in order to force the witches to take him instead of Dani. The sun rises just as Winifred is about to finish draining Max's life force, and due to standing on hallowed ground in the cemetery, she turns into a stone statue, before she is disintegrated into dust along with her sisters.

text: As the satisfied Billy returns to his grave, Thackery dies, freeing his soul. He thanks Max, Dani and Allison for their help, and bids farewell to them, before he and Emily walk into the afterlife. As the end credits begin, the exhausted partygoers are freed from the spell and return home. Meanwhile, at the Sandersons' cottage, Jay and Ernie, two male bullies who earlier tormented Max and Dani, remain imprisoned in their cages while passing the time singing "Row, Row, Row Your Boat". The film ends with Winnie's spellbook opening its eye, implying that Winnie's last words re-activated the resurrection spell.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bette Midler as Winifred "Winnie" Sanderson, the buck-toothed oldest Sanderson sister and leader of the trio.
Kathy Najimy as Mary Sanderson, the middle sister, often complimenting and comforting her domineering older sister, Winnie. She can smell children and hunts them down.
Sarah Jessica Parker as Sarah Sanderson, the youngest and most beautiful sister. She has the ability to entrance children with her siren-like singing.
Omri Katz as Maximilian "Max" Dennison, a teenager originally from Los Angeles, California who moves to Salem, Massachusetts with his family. Max is angry at his parents for making them move to Salem. He is responsible for bringing back the Sanderson sisters 300 years later on  Halloween night.
Thora Birch as Danielle "Dani" Dennison, Max's spoiled 8-year-old sister and an enthusiastic trick-or-treater. Dani is addicted to candy and looks up to Max.
Vinessa Shaw as Allison Watts, Max's love interest and a wealthy native Salem resident, who forms a close bond with Dani.
Sean Murray as Thackery Binx; originally a teenager from 1693, he follows Emily into the woods, where he fails to prevent her death at the hands of the Sanderson sisters. The witches transform him into an immortal cat, voiced by Jason Marsden.[4]
Doug Jones as Billy Butcherson, Winifred's lover and a zombie. He died on May 1, 1693 after Winifred found him sporting with her sister Sarah, poisoned him and sewed his mouth shut with a dull needle, so he couldn't tell her secrets, even in death.
Charles Rocket as David "Dave" Dennison, Max and Dani's father.
Stephanie Faracy as Jennifer "Jenny" Dennison, Max and Dani's mother.
Amanda Shepherd as Emily Binx, Thackery's younger sister, who died on October 31, 1693 after the witches drain her life force.
Larry Bagby as Ernie "Ice", the leader of a group of high school delinquents and Jay's best friend.
Tobias Jelinek as Jay, another delinquent and Ernie's best friend.
Steve Voboril as Elijah Morris, Thackery’s best friend in 1693, who worked as a farmhand on the Binx family’s farm.
Norbert Weisser as Mr. Binx, Emily and Thackery's father.
Kathleen Freeman as Miss Olin, Max's and Allison's teacher at Jacob Bailey High School.
Garry Marshall (uncredited) as "The Devil", a man wearing a devil costume whom the Sanderson sisters assume to be their "Master".
Penny Marshall (uncredited) as the "Devil's" wife, who the sisters assume is Medusa due to her curlers, which resemble snakes.

text: Production[edit]

text: In the 1994 TV documentary Hocus Pocus: Begin the Magic, and on the film's Blu-ray release, producer David Kirschner said he came up with the idea for the film one night. He and his young daughter were sitting outside and his neighbor's black cat strayed by. Kirschner invented a tale of how the cat was once a boy who was changed into a feline three hundred years ago by three witches.

text: Hocus Pocus started life as a script by Mick Garris, that was bought by Walt Disney Pictures in 1984. The film's working title was Disney's Halloween House, was much darker and scarier, and its protagonists were all 12-years-old. Garris and Kirschner pitched it to Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment; Spielberg saw Disney as a competitor to Amblin in the family film market at the time and refused to co-produce a film with his "rival."[5]

text: Various rewrites were made to the script to make the film more comedic and made two of its young protagonists into teengers; however, production was stalled several times until 1992, when Bette Midler expressed interest in the script and the project immediately went forward.[5] Midler, who plays the central antagonist of the film (originally written for Cloris Leachman),[5] is quoted as saying that Hocus Pocus "was the most fun I'd had in my career up to that point".[citation needed]

text: Leonardo DiCaprio was originally offered the lead role of Max, but declined it in order to pursue What's Eating Gilbert Grape.[6][7] Principal photography began on October 12, 1992. The film is set in Salem, Massachusetts, but most of it was shot on sound stages in Burbank, California. However, its daytime scenes were filmed in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts during two weeks of filming with principal cast. Production was completed on February 10, 1993.

text: Pioneer Village, a recreation of early-colonial Salem, was used for the opening scenes set in 1693.[8] Other locations included Old Burial Hill in Marblehead, where Max is accosted by Ice and Jay, the Old Town Hall in Salem, where the town Halloween party takes place, and Phipps Elementary School, where the witches are trapped in a kiln. The exterior for Max and Dani's house is a private residence on Ocean Avenue in Salem.[8]

text: Release[edit]

text: Hocus Pocus was released July 16, 1993 and came in at #4 at the box office with $8,125,471. It dropped from the top 10 after two weeks of release.[9] The film was released the same day as Free Willy.[10] The unusual summer release of Hocus Pocus is said to be due to Disney not wanting it to compete against their other Halloween-themed film, The Nightmare Before Christmas, which was due for release the coming October by Touchstone Pictures.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for Hocus Pocus was composed and conducted by John Debney. James Horner was originally slated to score the film, but became unavailable at the last minute, so Debney had to score the entire film in two weeks. Even though he didn't score the film, Horner came back to write the theme for Sarah (sung by Sarah Jessica Parker, more commonly known as "Come Little Children") which is featured in Intrada's Complete Edition of the score.

text: Debney released a promotional score through the internet containing 19 tracks from the film. Bootlegs were subsequently released across the internet, primarily because the promotional release missed the entire opening sequence music.

text:
"Sarah's Theme" – music by James Horner; lyrics by Brock Walsh; performed by Sarah Jessica Parker
"I Put a Spell on You" – written by Jay Hawkins and produced and arranged by Marc Shaiman; performed by Bette Midler
"Witchcraft" – written by Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh; performed by Joe Malone
"I Put a Spell on You" – written by Jay Hawkins; performed by Joe Malone
"Sabre Dance" – written by George Wilson
Chants and Incantations – conceived and written by Brock Walsh

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film received mixed to negative reviews from film critics at the time of its release. Reception has since grown to be more positive towards the film, and it has become a cult film. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 30%, based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 4.4 stars out of 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Harmlessly hokey yet never much more than mediocre, Hocus Pocus is a muddled family-friendly effort that fails to live up to the talents of its impressive cast."[12]

text: The Miami Herald called it "a pretty lackluster affair", adding this comment: "Despite the triple-threat actress combo, Hocus Pocus won't be the Sister Act of 1993. There are a lot of gotta-sees this summer, and this isn't one of them."[13] The New York Times' Janet Maslin wrote that the film "has flashes of visual stylishness but virtually no grip on its story".[14] Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C-, calling it "acceptable scary-silly kid fodder that adults will find only mildly insulting. Unless they're Bette Midler fans. In which case it's depressing as hell"; and stating that while Najimy and Parker "have their moments of ramshackle comic inspiration, and the passable special effects should keep younger campers transfixed [...] the sight of the Divine Miss M. mugging her way through a cheesy supernatural kiddie comedy is, to say the least, dispiriting."[15]

text: Home media and television[edit]

text: The film was released to VHS in North America on September 9, 1994,[16] and later to DVD on June 4, 2002.[17] Following the film's release on the latter format, it has continued to show strong annual sales, raking in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October.[17] In the mid-to-late 1990s, the film was rebroadcast annually on ABC and Disney Channel before switching over to ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween lineup in the early 2000s. The film has continuously brought record viewing numbers to the lineup, including a 2009 broadcast watched by 2.5 million viewers.[18] In 2011, an October 29 airing became the lineup's most watched program, with 2.8 million viewers.[19] On September 4, 2012, the film was released on Blu-ray.[20] Disney re-released the film on Blu-ray and Digital HD on September 2, 2018, as part of the film's 25th anniversary. The new release contains special features, including deleted scenes and a behind-the-scenes retrospective.[21]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Over the years, through various outlets such as strong DVD sales and annual record-breaking showings on Freeform's 13 Nights of Halloween, the film has achieved cult status.[22] Various media outlets such as Celebuzz and Oh No They Didn't have reiterated such claims.[19][22][23] In its 25th anniversary year in 2018, the first week of Hocus Pocus viewings on Freeform averaged 8.2 million viewers.[24] A special called the "Hocus Pocus 25th Anniversary Halloween Bash" was filmed at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery and features interviews with members of the cast, including Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Kathy Najimy, as well as a costume contest hosted by Sharon and Kelly Osbourne. It aired on Freeform October 20, 2018.[25][26]

text: In October 2011, the Houston Symphony celebrated various horror and Halloween classics, including Hocus Pocus, with "The Hocus Pocus Pops."[27] On October 19, 2013, D23 held a special screening of Hocus Pocus at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, to honor the 20th anniversary of the film. Nine of the cast and crew gathered for the screening, and hundreds of D23 members attended. Returning members included Kathy Najimy, David Kirschner, Thora Birch, Doug Jones, Vinessa Shaw, and Omri Katz.[28] During her Divine Intervention Tour, Bette Midler appeared on stage dressed as Winifred Sanderson. Her Harlettes appeared with her dressed as Mary and Sarah, and the three of them performed the film's version of "I Put a Spell on You".[29]

text: On September 15, 2015, the Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular was introduced at the Magic Kingdom as a part of Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party. The show introduces new actresses as the Sanderson Sisters, who try to make a villain party and summon or attract various Disney villains in the process.[30] In September 2016, entertainment critic Aaron Wallace published Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, the first full-length book written about the movie. The book includes a foreword by Thora Birch and afterword by Mick Garris. Billed as a "lighthearted but scholarly look at the film," the book analyzes the movie's major themes, which it identifies as festivity, nostalgia, home, horror, virginity, feminism, Broadway-style musical moments, sibling rivalry, "Spielbergian" filmmaking style, Disney villain traditions, and more. Wallace also analyzes Walt Disney World's Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular as part of the movie's legacy and includes "the largest collection of Hocus Pocus fun facts and trivia ever assembled," complete with extensive endnote citations.[31][32][33]

text: The town of Salem has celebrated its connection to Hocus Pocus, while local filming sites have become an attraction for fans as the movie's legacy has grown over the years. In 2018, the Haunted Happenings Grand Parade, an annual Salem festival held every October, was Hocus-Pocus themed in honor of the movie's 25th anniversary.[34][35] A representative for Destination Salem also reported a huge uptick in tourism for the 25th anniversary year, stating: "There’s always been a ‘Hocus Pocus’ component to the visitors to Salem, especially in October. But it’s like the film’s following grows every year.”[36]

text: Possible sequel and confirmed remake[edit]

text: In July 2014, it was announced that Disney was developing a supernatural-themed film about witches, and that Tina Fey was on board as a producer and star. However, Deadline debunked rumors that the film was a sequel to Hocus Pocus.[37] In November 2014, Bette Midler said in an interview that she was ready and willing to return for a sequel. She also said her co-stars Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy were interested in reprising the roles of the Sanderson sisters as well, but stressed that Disney had yet to greenlight any sequel.[38] In November 2015, Midler stated in a Facebook Q&A that "after all these years and all the fan demand, I do believe I can stand and firmly say an unequivocal no" in response to a question about a sequel.[39]

text: In June 2016, actor Doug Jones mentioned that Disney had been considering a sequel, and behind the scenes discussions were in place to possibly continue the series.[40] In October 2016, Sarah Jessica Parker was asked by Andy Cohen about a sequel. Her response was, "I would love that. I think we've been very vocal that we're very keen."[41] In Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, author Aaron Wallace identifies several potential approaches for a sequel, but notes that the project's biggest challenge is the Walt Disney Studios' interest in tentpole projects that promise very high box office returns.[42]

text: In September 2017, screenwriter Mick Garris admitted that he was working on a script for Hocus Pocus 2 and that it would potentially be developed as a television film for Disney Channel, Freeform or ABC.[43] It was later confirmed that it will instead be a remake to air on Freeform, with The Royals writer Scarlett Lacey attached to write, and the original film producer David Kirschner executive producing.[44][45] The following month, Midler said she was not fond of the idea of a remake and she would not be taking part in it.[46]

text: In July 2018, a book titled Hocus Pocus and the All-New Sequel was released, containing a novelization of the film and a sequel story. The sequel focuses on Max and Allison's daughter, Poppy, who grew up hearing the family story of the first film and parents who avoid Halloween as much as possible. Poppy is skeptical of the tale and ends up in the Sanderson house on Halloween, twenty-five years to the day after the movie, in an attempt to prove there's nothing to the story.[47]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Association

Category

Recipient

Result

1994

Saturn Awards

Best Actress

Bette Midler

Nominated

Best Supporting Actress

Kathy Najimy

Nominated

Sarah Jessica Parker

Nominated

Best Fantasy Film

Hocus Pocus

Nominated

Best Special Effects

Hocus Pocus

Nominated

Best Costumes

Hocus Pocus

Won

Young Artist Awards

Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy

Thora Birch

Won

Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy

Vinessa Shaw

Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy

Omri Katz

Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy

Sean Murray

Nominated

Best Youth Actor in a Voice Over Role - TV or Movie

Jason Marsden

Nominated