document_title: Bank holiday

question_text: when were bank holidays introduced in the uk

text: Bank holiday

text: History[edit]

text: Until 1834, the Bank of England observed about 33 saints' days and religious festivals as holidays, but in that year this was reduced to four: 1 May (May Day), 1 November (All Saints' Day), Good Friday and Christmas Day. In 1871, the first legislation relating to bank holidays was passed when Liberal politician and banker Sir John Lubbock introduced the Bank Holidays Act 1871, which specified the days in the table below.[3] Under the Act, no person was compelled to make any payment or to do any act upon a bank holiday which he would not be compelled to do or make on Christmas Day or Good Friday, and the making of a payment or the doing of an act on the following day was equivalent to doing it on the holiday.[4] People were so grateful that some called the first Bank Holidays St Lubbock's Days for a while.[5] Scotland was treated separately because of its separate traditions: for example, New Year is a more important holiday there.[citation needed]

text:
Bank holidays 1871

England, Wales and Ireland
Scotland

New Year's Day

Easter Monday
Good Friday

Whit Monday
First Monday in May

First Monday in August
First Monday in August

Boxing Day/St Stephen's Day
Christmas Day

text: The Act did not include Good Friday and Christmas Day as bank holidays in England, Wales, or Ireland because they were already recognised as common law holidays: they had been customary holidays since time immemorial.[3]

text: In 1903, the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act added 17 March, Saint Patrick's Day, as a bank holiday for Ireland only.[6] New Year's Day did not become a bank holiday in England until 1 January 1974.

text: In the United Kingdom[edit]

text: Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971[edit]

text: Commencing in 1965, on an experimental basis, the August Bank Holiday weekend was observed at the end of August "to give a lead in extending British holidays over a longer summer period".[7] Each year's date was announced in Parliament on an ad-hoc basis, to the despair of the calendar and diary publishing trade.[8] The rule seems to have been to select the weekend of the last Saturday in August, so that in 1968[9] and 1969[10] Bank Holiday Monday actually fell in September.

text: A century after the 1871 Act, the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed.[11] The majority of the current bank holidays were specified in the 1971 Act: however New Year's Day and May Day were not introduced throughout the whole of the UK until 1974 and 1978 respectively.[12] The date of the August bank holiday was changed from the first Monday in August to the last Monday in August, and the Whitsun bank holiday (Whit Monday) was replaced by the Late Spring Bank Holiday, fixed as the last Monday in May.[13] In 1978 the first Monday in May in the rest of the UK, and the final Monday of May in Scotland, were designated as bank holidays.[14]

text: In January 2007, the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 was given royal assent, making 30 November (or the nearest Monday if a weekend) a bank holiday in Scotland.[15]

text: Royal proclamation[edit]

text: Under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, bank holidays are proclaimed each year by the legal device of a royal proclamation. Royal proclamation is also used to move bank holidays that would otherwise fall on a weekend. In this way, public holidays are not 'lost' in years when they coincide with weekends. These deferred bank holiday days are termed a 'bank holiday in lieu' of the typical anniversary date. In the legislation they are known as 'substitute days'. The movement of the St Andrew's Day Scottish holiday to the nearest Monday when 30 November is a weekend day is statutory and does not require a proclamation.

text: In Scotland[edit]

text: A number of differences apply in Scotland relative to the rest of the United Kingdom. For example, Easter Monday is not a bank holiday. Also, although they share the same name, the Summer Bank Holiday falls on the first Monday of August in Scotland, as opposed to the last Monday in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Despite this, it is custom and practice to follow the rest of the UK and banks close on the last Monday and not the first.

text: Bank holidays do not, however, assume the same importance in Scotland as they do elsewhere. Whereas they have effectively become public holidays elsewhere in the United Kingdom, in Scotland there remains a tradition of public holidays based on local tradition and determined by local authorities (for example, the Glasgow Fair and the Dundee Fortnight). In 1996, Scottish banks made the business decision to harmonise their own holidays with the rest of the United Kingdom, with the result that 'bank holidays' in Scotland are neither public holidays nor the days on which banks are closed.

text: Campaigns for extra bank holidays[edit]

text: The number of holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to many other European countries. However, direct comparison is inaccurate since the 'substitute day' scheme of deferment does not apply in most European countries, where holidays that coincide with a weekend (29% of fixed-date holidays) are 'lost'. In fact, the average number of non-weekend holidays in such countries is only marginally higher (and in some cases lower) than the UK. Worth mentioning is that public holidays in Europe which fall on Thursday or Tuesday typically become "puente" or "bridge" four-day or even six-day extended holiday weekends as people tend to use one or two days from their holiday entitlement to take off Monday and/or Friday.

text: There have been calls for more bank holidays.[16] Among the most notable dates absent from the existing list are the feast days of patron saints; 23 April (St George's Day and widely regarded[17] as the birthday of William Shakespeare) in England and 1 March (St David's Day) in Wales are not currently recognised. 17 March (St Patrick's Day) is a public holiday in Northern Ireland and, since 2008, 30 November (St Andrew's Day) is a bank holiday in Scotland. St Piran's Day (patron saint of Cornwall) on 5 March is already given as an unofficial day off to many government and other workers in the county, and there are renewed calls for the government to recognise this as an official bank holiday there.[18][19]

text: Proposed move of May Day Bank Holiday (England and Wales)[edit]

text: After the election of the Coalition Government in May 2010, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport launched a pre-consultation in 2011 which included the suggestion of moving the May Day Bank Holiday to October, to be a "UK Day" or "Trafalgar Day" (21 October) or to St David's Day and St George's Day.[20]

text: It is suggested that a move from the May bank holiday to a St Piran's Day bank holiday in Cornwall, on 5 March, would benefit the Cornish economy by £20–35 million.[21]

text: 1968 Emergency Bank Holiday[edit]

text: During the sterling crisis of 1968, Prime Minister Harold Wilson convened a meeting of the privy council in the early hours of 14 March to declare 15 March a non-statutory bank holiday. This allowed the UK government to close the London gold market to stem the losses being suffered by the British pound.[22] It was this meeting that triggered the resignation of Foreign Secretary George Brown.

text: UK Bank Holiday sales[edit]

text: In the UK every bank holiday retailers display large sales to entice people to shop on their bank holiday days off. Sales can reach up to 70% off across certain stores. Customers will normally wait for these sales to purchase their home electronics and furniture.[citation needed] The sales are on every year but the bank holiday sales dates can change from year to year. In the UK Argos, Currys and Amazon are the largest retailers that not only have the biggest sales but also see the most revenue over these days.[citation needed]

text: Boxing Day[edit]

text: Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated in Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other Commonwealth countries. Boxing Day originated in England in the middle of the nineteenth century under Queen Victoria. For years in which the holiday falls on a weekend, the celebration is moved to make sure workers still get a day off (except in Canada, where it remains 26 Dec.) In the UK it is classed as a Bank Holiday.

text: List of current holidays in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Isle of Man[edit]

text:
Current bank and public holidays

Date
Name
England and Wales[23] (8)
Scotland[23] (9)
Northern Ireland[24](10)
Republic of Ireland[25] (9)
Isle of Man[26] (10)

1 January[1]
New Year's Day
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

2 January[1]
2 January

Y

17 March[1]
St Patrick's Day

Y
Y

The Friday before Easter Sunday
Good Friday
Y
Y
Y

Y

The Monday after Easter Sunday
Easter Monday
Y

Y
Y
Y

First Monday in May[2][3]
Early May Bank Holiday
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

Last Monday in May[4][5]
Spring Bank Holiday / Late May Bank Holiday
Y
Y
Y

Y

First Monday in June
June Bank Holiday

Y

First Friday in June
TT Bank Holiday

Y

5 July
Tynwald Day

Y

12 July[1]
The Twelfth (Battle of the Boyne)

Y

First Monday in August
Summer Bank Holiday

Y

Y

Last Monday in August
Late Summer Bank Holiday / August Bank Holiday
Y

Y

Y

Last Monday in October
October Bank Holiday

Y

30 November[1]
St Andrew's Day

Y

25 December[1]
Christmas Day
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

26 December[1]
Boxing Day / St Stephen's Day
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

text: In the past, additional one-off bank holidays have included: (i) Wednesday 14 November 1973, to celebrate the Wedding of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips at Westminster Abbey; (ii) Tuesday 7 June 1977, to celebrate The Queen’s Silver Jubilee; (iii) Wednesday 29 July 1981, to celebrate the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer at St. Paul's Cathedral; [27] (iv) Friday 31 December 1999, to enable people to prepare for the festivities to mark the arrival of the new millennium;[6] (v) Monday 3 June 2002 to celebrate The Queen's Golden Jubilee (Spring Bank Holiday was moved to Tuesday 4 June 2002);[28] (vi) Friday 29 April 2011, to celebrate the Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton; (vii) Tuesday 5 June 2012, to celebrate The Queen's Diamond Jubilee

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g When the stated date falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is normally designated a public holiday instead. When Christmas Day falls on a Saturday (and thus 26 December on a Sunday), Monday 27 December and Tuesday 28 December are the designated substitute public holidays.
Jump up ^ In 1995 this holiday was moved to 8 May – to commemorate the 50th anniversary of VE Day.
Jump up ^ In 2011 an additional public holiday was declared to ensure that most people would have a chance to celebrate the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, making a four-day weekend as May day was on the following Monday.
"Royal Wedding: Prince William and Kate set date". BBC. 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
Jump up ^ In 2002 this holiday was moved to 4 June. This caused it to follow an extra bank holiday on 3 June, making a four-day weekend to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
Jump up ^ In 2012 this holiday was moved to 4 June. It was then followed by an extra holiday on 5 June, making a four-day weekend to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
Jump up ^ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 3 June 1998, Hansard, 3 June 1998, retrieved 28 January 2012 .

text: In Australia[edit]

text: Public holidays are not generally known as "bank holidays" in Australia, although in the state of Victoria, where all statutory holidays, their substitutes, and Saturdays are legally defined as "bank holidays".[29]

text: In two other states there are two particular public holidays, for specific occupations only, which are officially known as "Bank Holiday":

text:
in New South Wales has a "Bank Holiday" on the first Monday in August – for bank employees only.
in Tasmania, Easter Tuesday is a holiday for bank and government employees only.

text: In Hong Kong[edit]

text: In Hong Kong, the term "bank holiday" is used colloquially to refer to public holidays, since banks are normally closed on these days, along with government offices, the legislature, courts, and educational institutions. Hong Kong has maintained a distinction between public holidays and statutory holidays, only the latter of which are mandatory for all employees; the number of days for the latter is fewer by five days.

text: In India[edit]

text: In India, 15 of the public holidays are bank holidays.

text: In Ireland[edit]

text: In Ireland, "bank holiday" is a colloquial term, sometimes used incorrectly for what are officially "public holidays". A bank holiday in Ireland are only days in which Bank employees are off, e.g. Good Friday is a Bank Holiday, but not a Public Holiday.


document_title: Storming of the Bastille

question_text: who was defending the bastille when it was attacked

root

text: Storming of the Bastille

text: Background[edit]

text: During the reign of Louis XVI, France faced a major economic crisis, caused in part by the cost of intervening in the American Revolution, and exacerbated by a regressive system of taxation.[2] On 5 May 1789, the Estates General of 1789 convened to deal with this issue, but were held back by archaic protocols and the conservatism of the second estate, consisting of the nobility and amounting to only 2% of France's population.[3] On 17 June 1789, the third estate, with its representatives drawn from the commoners, reconstituted themselves as the National Assembly, a body whose purpose was the creation of a French constitution. The king initially opposed this development, but was forced to acknowledge the authority of the assembly, which renamed itself the National Constituent Assembly on 9 July.[4] France was under major changes during this time.

tag: p

text: The commoners had formed the National Guard, sporting tricolour cockades (cocardes) of blue, white and red, formed by combining the red and blue cockade of Paris and the white cockade of the king. These cockades, and soon simply their colour scheme, became the symbol of the revolution and, later, of France itself.[5]

text: Paris, close to insurrection and, in François Mignet's words, "intoxicated with liberty and enthusiasm",[6] showed wide support for the Assembly. The press published the Assembly's debates; political debate spread beyond the Assembly itself into the public squares and halls of the capital. The Palais-Royal and its grounds became the site of an ongoing meeting.[7] The crowd, on the authority of the meeting at the Palais-Royal, broke open the prisons of the Abbaye to release some grenadiers of the French guards, reportedly imprisoned for refusing to fire on the people.[8] The Assembly recommended the imprisoned guardsmen to the clemency of the king; they returned to prison, and received pardon. The rank and file of the regiment, previously considered reliable, now leaned toward the popular cause.[9]

text: Necker's dismissal[edit]

text: On 11 July 1789, Louis XVI—acting under the influence of the conservative nobles of his privy council—dismissed and banished his finance minister, Jacques Necker (who had been sympathetic to the Third Estate) and completely reconstructed the ministry.[10] The marshals Victor-François, duc de Broglie, la Galissonnière, the duc de la Vauguyon, the Baron Louis de Breteuil, and the intendant Foulon, took over the posts of Puységur, Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin, La Luzerne, Saint-Priest, and Necker.

text: News of Necker's dismissal reached Paris on the afternoon of Sunday, 12 July. The Parisians generally presumed that the dismissal marked the start of a coup by conservative elements.[11]  Liberal Parisians were further enraged by the fear that a concentration of Royal troops—brought in from frontier garrisons to Versailles, Sèvres, the Champ de Mars, and Saint-Denis—would attempt to shut down the National Constituent Assembly, which was meeting in Versailles. Crowds gathered throughout Paris, including more than ten thousand at the Palais-Royal. Camille Desmoulins successfully rallied the crowd by "mounting a table, pistol in hand, exclaiming: 'Citizens, there is no time to lose; the dismissal of Necker is the knell of a Saint Bartholomew for patriots! This very night all the Swiss and German battalions will leave the Champ de Mars to massacre us all; one resource is left; to take arms!'"[6]

text: The Swiss and German regiments referred to were among the foreign mercenary troops who made up a significant portion of the pre-revolutionary Royal Army, and were seen as being less likely to be sympathetic to the popular cause than ordinary French soldiers.[12] By early July, approximately half of the 25,000 regular troops in Paris and Versailles were drawn from these foreign regiments. The French regiments included in the concentration appear to have been selected either because of the proximity of their garrisons to Paris or because their colonels were supporters of the reactionary "court party" opposed to reform.[4]

text: During the public demonstrations that started on 12 July, the multitude displayed busts of Necker and of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, then marched from the Palais Royal through the theater district before continuing westward along the boulevards. The crowd clashed with the Royal German Cavalry Regiment ("Royal-Allemand") between the  Place Vendôme and the Tuileries Palace. From atop the Champs-Élysées, the Prince de Lambesc unleashed a cavalry charge that dispersed the remaining protesters at Place Louis XV—now Place de la Concorde.[13] The Royal commander, Baron de Besenval, fearing the results of a blood bath amongst the poorly armed crowds or defections among his own men, then withdrew the cavalry towards Sèvres.[14] Meanwhile, unrest was growing among the people of Paris who expressed their hostility against state authorities by attacking customs posts blamed for causing increased food and wine prices.[15] The people of Paris started to plunder any place where food, guns and supplies could be hoarded. That night, rumors spread that supplies were being hoarded at Saint-Lazare, a huge property of the clergy, which functioned as convent, hospital, school and even as a jail. An angry mob broke in and plundered the property,[16] seizing 52 wagons of wheat, which were taken to the public market. That same day multitudes of people plundered many other places including weapon arsenals. The Royal troops did nothing to stop the spreading of social chaos in Paris during those days.[17]

text: Armed conflict[edit]

text: The regiment of Gardes Françaises (French Guards) formed the permanent garrison of Paris and, with many local ties, was favourably disposed towards the popular cause.[18]  This regiment had remained confined to its barracks during the initial stages of the mid-July disturbances. With Paris becoming the scene of a general riot, Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (Marshal of the Camp, Proprietor of the Royal Allemand-Dragoons), not trusting the regiment to obey his order, posted sixty dragoons to station themselves before its dépôt in the Chaussée d'Antin. The officers of the French Guards made ineffectual attempts to rally their men. The rebellious citizenry had now acquired a trained military contingent. As word of this spread, the commanders of the royal forces encamped on the Champ de Mars became doubtful of the dependability of even the foreign regiments.[19] The future "Citizen King", Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orléans, witnessed these events as a young officer and was of the opinion that the soldiers would have obeyed orders if put to the test. He also commented in retrospect that the officers of the French Guards had neglected their responsibilities in the period before the uprising, leaving the regiment too much to the control of its non-commissioned officers.[20] However, the uncertain leadership of Besenval led to a virtual abdication of royal authority in central Paris. On the morning of 13 July the electors of Paris met and agreed to the recruitment of a "bourgeois militia" of 48,000 men[16] from the sixty voting districts of Paris, to restore order.[21]

text: Storming the Bastille (14 July 1789)[edit]

text: On the morning of 14 July  1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The partisans of the Third Estate in France, now under the control of the Bourgeois Militia of Paris (soon to become Revolutionary France's National Guard), had earlier stormed the Hôtel des Invalides without meeting significant opposition.[22] Their intention had been to gather the weapons held there (29,000 to 32,000 muskets, but without powder or shot). The commandant at the Invalides had in the previous few days taken the precaution of transferring 250 barrels of gunpowder to the Bastille for safer storage.[23]

text: At this point, the Bastille was nearly empty, housing only seven prisoners:[24] four forgers, two "lunatics" and one "deviant" aristocrat, the Comte de Solages (the Marquis de Sade had been transferred out ten days earlier).[23]

text: The high cost of maintaining a garrisoned medieval fortress, for what was seen as having a limited purpose, had led to a decision being made shortly before the disturbances began to replace it with an open public space.[25] Amid the tensions of July 1789, the building remained as a symbol of royal tyranny.

text: The regular garrison consisted of 82 invalides (veteran soldiers no longer suitable for service in the field).[26]  It had however been reinforced on 7 July by 32 grenadiers of the Swiss Salis-Samade Regiment from the regular troops on the Champ de Mars.[27] The walls mounted 18 eight-pound guns and 12 smaller pieces. The governor was Bernard-René de Launay, son of the previous governor and actually born within the Bastille.[23]

text: The official list of vainqueurs de la Bastille  (conquerors of the Bastille) subsequently compiled has 954 names,[29] and the total of the crowd was probably fewer than one thousand. A breakdown of occupations included in the list indicates that the majority were local artisans, together with some regular army deserters and a few distinctive categories such as 21 wine merchants.[30]

text: The crowd gathered outside around mid-morning, calling for the surrender of the prison, the removal of the cannon and the release of the arms and gunpowder.[23] Two representatives of the crowd outside were invited into the fortress and negotiations began, and another was admitted around noon with definite demands. The negotiations dragged on while the crowd grew and became impatient.[31] Around 1:30, the crowd surged into the undefended outer courtyard. A small party climbed onto the roof of a building next to the gate to the inner courtyard and broke the chains on the drawbridge, crushing one vainqueur as it fell. Soldiers of the garrison called to the people to withdraw but in the noise and confusion these shouts were misinterpreted as encouragement to enter.[3] Gunfire began, apparently spontaneously, turning the crowd into a mob. The crowd seems to have felt that they had been intentionally drawn into a trap and the fighting became more violent and intense, while attempts by deputies to organise a cease-fire were ignored by the attackers.[3]

text: The firing continued, and after 3:00 pm, the attackers were reinforced by mutinous gardes françaises, along with two cannons. A substantial force of Royal Army troops encamped on the Champ de Mars did not intervene.[32] With the possibility of mutual carnage suddenly apparent, Governor de Launay ordered a cease-fire at 5:00 pm. A letter offering his terms was handed out to the besiegers through a gap in the inner gate. His demands were refused, but de Launay nonetheless capitulated, as he realised that with limited food stocks and no water supply[30] his troops could not hold out much longer. He accordingly opened the gates to the inner courtyard, and the vainqueurs swept in to liberate the fortress at 5:30.[33]

text: Ninety-eight attackers and one defender had died in the actual fighting, a disparity accounted for by the protection provided to the garrison by the fortress walls.[34] De Launay was seized and dragged towards the Hôtel de Ville in a storm of abuse. Outside the Hôtel, a discussion as to his fate began.[35]  The badly beaten de Launay shouted "Enough! Let me die!"[36] and kicked a pastry cook named Dulait in the groin. De Launay was then stabbed repeatedly and died. An English traveller, Doctor Edward Rigby, reported what he saw, "[We] perceived two bloody heads raised on pikes, which were said to be the heads of the Marquis de Launay, Governor of the Bastille, and of Monsieur Flesselles, Prévôt des Marchands. It was a chilling and a horrid sight! ... Shocked and disgusted at this scene, [we] retired immediately from the streets."[37]

text: The three officers of the permanent Bastille garrison were also killed by the crowd; surviving police reports detail their wounds and clothing.[38]

text: Two of the invalides of the garrison were lynched, but all but two of the Swiss regulars of the Salis-Samade Regiment were protected by the French Guards and eventually released to return to their regiment. Their officer, Lieutenant Louis de Flue, wrote a detailed report on the defense of the Bastille, which was incorporated in the logbook of the Salis-Samade and has survived.[39] It is (perhaps unfairly) critical of the dead Marquis de Launay, whom de Flue accuses of weak and indecisive leadership.[39] The blame for the fall of the Bastille would rather appear to lie with the inertia of the commanders of the 5,000[40] Royal Army troops encamped on the Champ de Mars, who did not act when either the nearby Hôtel des Invalides or the Bastille were attacked.

text: Returning to the Hôtel de Ville, the mob accused the prévôt dès marchands (roughly, mayor) Jacques de Flesselles of treachery, and he was assassinated en route to an ostensible trial at the Palais-Royal.[41]

text: The king first learned of the storming only the next morning through the Duke of La Rochefoucauld. "Is it a revolt?" asked Louis XVI. The duke replied: "No sire, it's not a revolt; it's a revolution."[42]

text: At Versailles, the Assembly remained ignorant of most of the Paris events, but eminently aware that Marshal de Broglie stood on the brink of unleashing a pro-Royalist coup to force the Assembly to adopt the order of 23 June[43] and then to dissolve. The vicomte de Noailles apparently first brought reasonably accurate news of the Paris events to Versailles. M. Ganilh and Bancal-des-Issarts, dispatched to the Hôtel de Ville, confirmed his report.[44]

text: By the morning of 15 July, the outcome appeared clear to the king as well, and he and his military commanders backed down.[45] The Royal troops concentrated around Paris dispersed to their frontier garrisons. The Marquis de la Fayette took up command of the National Guard at Paris;[46] Jean-Sylvain Bailly – leader of the Third Estate and instigator of the Tennis Court Oath – became the city's mayor under a new governmental structure known as the Commune de Paris.[47] The king announced that he would recall Necker and return from Versailles to Paris; on 17 July, in Paris, he accepted a tricolour cockade from Bailly and entered the Hôtel de Ville to cries of "Long live the King" and "Long live the Nation".[48]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Nonetheless, after this violence, nobles – little assured by the apparent and, as it was to prove, temporary reconciliation of king and people – started to flee the country as émigrés.[49] Among the first to leave were the comte d'Artois (the future Charles X of France) and his two sons, the prince de Condé, the prince de Conti, the Polignac family, and (slightly later) Charles Alexandre de Calonne, the former finance minister. They settled at Turin, where Calonne, as agent for the count d'Artois and the prince de Condé, began plotting civil war within the kingdom and agitating for a European coalition against France.[50]

text: The news of the successful insurrection at Paris spread throughout France. In accord with principles of popular sovereignty and with complete disregard for claims of royal authority, the people established parallel structures of municipalities for civic government and militias for civic protection.[21] In rural areas, many went beyond this: some burned title-deeds and no small number of châteaux, as the "Great Fear" spread across the countryside during the weeks of 20 July to 5 August, with attacks on wealthy landlords impelled by the belief that the aristocracy was trying to put down the revolution.[51][52]

text: On 22 July 1789 the populace lynched Joseph Foullon de Doué and his son-in-law[53] Louis Bénigne François Bertier de Sauvigny. Both held official positions under the monarchy.

text: Although there were arguments that the Bastille should be preserved as a monument to liberation or as a depot for the new National Guard, the Permanent Committee of Municipal Electors at the Paris Town Hall gave the construction entrepreneur Pierre-François Palloy the commission of disassembling the building.[54] Palloy commenced work immediately. The demolition of the fortress itself, the melting down of its clock portraying chained prisoners, and the breaking up of four statues were all carried out within five months.[55]

text: On 16 July 1789, two days after the Storming of the Bastille, John Frederick Sackville, serving as ambassador to France,  reported to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds,  "Thus, my Lord, the greatest revolution that we know anything of has been effected with, comparatively speaking—if the magnitude of the event is considered—the loss of very few lives. From this moment we may consider France as a free country, the King a very limited monarch, and the nobility as reduced to a level with the rest of the nation."[56]

text: In 1790, Lafayette gave the cast-iron, one-pound and three-ounce key to the Bastille to U.S. President George Washington. Washington displayed it prominently at government facilities and events in New York and in Philadelphia until shortly before his retirement in 1797. The key remains on display at Washington's residence of Mount Vernon.[57]

text: Palloy also took bricks from the Bastille and had them carved into replicas of the fortress, which he sold, along with medals allegedly made from the chains of prisoners.  Pieces of stone from the structure were sent to every district in France, and some have been located.  Various other pieces of the Bastille also survive, including stones used to build the Pont de la Concorde bridge over the Seine, and one of the towers, which was found buried in 1899 and is now at Square Henri-Galli in Paris, as well as the clock bells and pulley system, which are now in the Musée d’Art Campanaire.[58]  About 900 people who claimed to have stormed the Bastille received certificates (Brevet de vainqueur de la Bastille) from the National Assembly in 1790, and a number of these still exist.[59]  The building itself is outlined in brick on the location where it once stood, as is the moat in the Paris Metro stop below it, where a piece of the foundation is also on display.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2018)

tag: table

text:
An annual reenactment of the Storming of the Bastille was held at the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, hosted by the Bearded Ladies (a cabaret troupe). Traditionally a Marie Antoinette reenactor declares "Let them eat Tastykake" and is promptly beheaded by the mob. The 24 year tradition was ended in 2018. [60][61]
Austrian composer Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf wrote his Symphony in C Major as a tribute to the event. The first movement of the piece is known as La Prise De La Bastille.[citation needed]
In Book 2 of Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities, the Defarges help lead the assault on the Bastille.
1789: Les Amants de la Bastille, stage musical whose main characters are split up during the early stages, then reunited during the storming of the Bastille.
The protagonist of Assassin's Creed Unity, Arno Dorian, is depicted as being one of the prisoners in the Bastille when it gets stormed, and manages to escape in the confusion.
Bastille Day was a song written in 1975 by the progressive rock band Rush about the siege, and was included on their album Caress of Steel.

tag: ul


document_title: Space Jam

question_text: the basketball team who opposes the looney tunes

text: Space Jam

text: Plot[edit]

text: On a summer night in 1973, a young Michael Jordan is practicing basketball. His father steps out and tells him it is bedtime, but lets him make a few more shots. Jordan shoots while making several wishes like going to the University of North Carolina, playing on a championship team, joining the NBA, going on to play baseball, and successfully scores every shot. Impressed, Jordan's father jokingly asks if next he is going to wish he could fly, and Jordan turns to make one final shot.

text: In 1993, Jordan announces his retirement from professional basketball to follow his now deceased father's career as a baseball player. However, it becomes evident that he is not as skilled in baseball as he was in basketball. Jordan is assigned a publicist and assistant, the bumbling Stan Podolak, to make his new career less bumpy.

text: Elsewhere, in outer space, an intergalactic amusement park called Moron Mountain faces dwindling popularity, so its owner, Mr. Swackhammer, sends his diminutive minions, the Nerdlucks, to capture the Looney Tunes as new entertainment. The Looney Tunes live in an animated world called "Looney Tunes Land" hidden in the center of the Earth, but ignore the Nerdlucks' threats and challenge them to a game of basketball.

text: The Nerdlucks steal the talents of professional basketball players Charles Barkley, Shawn Bradley, Patrick Ewing, Larry Johnson and Muggsy Bogues, leaving them incapable of playing. The Nerdlucks absorb the talent, transforming into the gigantic "Monstars" who easily intimidate the Looney Tunes. While playing golf with Bill Murray, Larry Bird and Stan, Jordan is sucked down a hole and is recruited by Bugs Bunny to help the Tunes win against the Monstars. Jordan at first refuses, saying he does not play basketball anymore, but changes his decision after he is insulted and humiliated by the Monstars when they squash him into the shape of a basketball and bounce him around like one. He then sends Bugs and Daffy Duck to his house to retrieve his basketball gear.

text: Meanwhile, Stan has been digging out the golf hole to find Jordan, but spots Bugs and Daffy leaping down another one and pursues them, reuniting with Jordan in the Tunes' world and joins their team, the Tune Squad. Another new recruit is Lola Bunny, a skilled basketball player whom Bugs falls in love with. On the day of the match, the Monstars dominate the first half, leaving the Looney Tunes unconfident. Stan overhears a conversation between the Monstars and Swackhammer, learning of how they gained their talent and informs Jordan and the Tune Squad. Bugs and Jordan convince the rest of the Tune Squad to fight back and the first quarter of the second half allows the Tunes to catch up using old school gags and Acme weaponry. During a timeout, Jordan raises the stakes of the game with Swackhammer: a win by the Tune Squad would require the Monstars to give their stolen talents back to the NBA players, while a Monstars win would get Jordan as a new attraction.

text: To ensure his victory, Swackhammer has the Monstars play rough and injure all of the Tune Squad until only Jordan, Bugs, Daffy, Lola and Stan are left. Stan becomes the fifth player and manages to score, but is literally flattened by the Monstars and is removed from the court to be inflated. The referee, Marvin the Martian, informs Jordan that unless the team gets a fifth player, they will have to forfeit the game, at which point Murray appears and volunteers to be the team's fifth member. In the final seconds of the game, Jordan gains the ball and manages to use cartoon physics to extend his arm and score the winning points. Murray retires from the sport and the Monstars blast Swackhammer to the Moon in a rocket when Jordan makes them realize that they do not have to take his abuse anymore. Jordan convinces them to give up the stolen talents, and the Looney Tunes agree to recruit the reformed Nerdlucks in their ensemble. Jordan and a recovered Stan return to the surface, the Nerdlucks dropping them off at Jordan's next baseball game. Later on, the two visit the incapacitated basketball players and return their talent. The players invite Jordan to a three-on-three match, but when he declines, they question his loss of talent. Jordan later returns to the Chicago Bulls to resume his basketball career.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michael Jordan as himself, an NBA shooting guard for the Chicago Bulls who retires to pursue a career in baseball.

Brandon Hammond portrays a younger Jordan.

Wayne Knight as Stanley "Stan" Podolak, a publicist and assistant who helps Michael Jordan.
Theresa Randle as Juanita Jordan, Michael's supportive wife.
Bill Murray as himself, an actor and Jordan's friend.[4]
Larry Bird as himself, the Boston Celtics forward and Jordan's friend.
Charles Barkley as himself, the Phoenix Suns power forward who gets his talent stolen by Pound.
Patrick Ewing as himself, the New York Knicks center who gets his talent stolen by Bang.
Shawn Bradley as himself, the Philadelphia 76ers center who gets his talent stolen by Blanko.
Larry Johnson as himself, the Charlotte Hornets power forward who gets his talent stolen by Bupkus.
Muggsy Bogues as himself, the Hornets point guard who gets his talent stolen by Nawt.
Thom Barry as James R. Jordan, Sr., Michael's father.
Penny Bae Bridges as Jasmine Jordan, Michael's daughter.
Dan Castellaneta and Patricia Heaton as basketball fans.

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Billy West as Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd
Dee Bradley Baker as Daffy Duck, Tasmanian Devil and Toro
Bob Bergen as Marvin the Martian, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Hubie and Bertie
Bill Farmer as Foghorn Leghorn, Yosemite Sam and Sylvester the Cat
Maurice LaMarche as Pepé Le Pew
June Foray as Granny
Kath Soucie as Lola Bunny, a female rabbit who plays for the Tune Squad. Lola is a new character introduced in this film.
Frank W. Welker as Charles, Michael's pet bulldog who menaces both Bugs and Daffy when they are in Michael's house.
Danny DeVito as Mr. Swackhammer, the proprietor of the intergalactic theme park "Moron Mountain" who seeks new attractions to save his failing business.
Colleen Wainwright as Sniffles, a tiny mouse.
Pound, the orange leader of the Nerdlucks, is voiced by Jocelyn Blue as a Nerdluck and Darnell Suttles as a Monstar.
Bang, the belligerent green Nerdluck, is voiced by June Melby as a Nerdluck and Joey Camen as a Monstar.
Bupkus, the giggly and crazy purple Nerdluck, is voiced by Catherine Reitman as a Nerdluck and Dorian Harewood as a Monstar.
Blanko, the dim-witted and gangly blue Nerdluck, is voiced by Charity James as a Nerdluck and Steve Kehela as a Monstar.
Nawt, the diminutive and clever red Nerdluck, is voiced by Colleen Wainwright as a Nerdluck and T. K. Carter as a Monstar.

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack sold enough albums to be certified as 6x Platinum.[5] It also served as a high point for musical artist R. Kelly, whose song "I Believe I Can Fly" not only was a hit, but earned him two Grammy Awards.[6] Other tracks included a cover of Steve Miller Band's "Fly Like an Eagle" (by Seal), "Hit 'Em High (The Monstars' Anthem)" (by B-Real, Busta Rhymes, Coolio, LL Cool J, and Method Man), "Basketball Jones" (by Barry White & Chris Rock), "Pump up the Jam[7]" (by Technotronic[8]), "I Turn to You" (by All-4-One) and "For You I Will" (by Monica). The movie's title song was performed by the Quad City DJ's.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Comics[edit]

text: The film was adapted into a graphic novel, drawn by Leonardo Batic.[9]

text: Video games[edit]

text: There was a licensed pinball game by Sega based on the film, a video game for the PlayStation, Sega Saturn and MS-DOS by Acclaim, and a handheld LCD game by Tiger Electronics.[10]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Warner Home Video released the film on VHS, Laserdisc and DVD on March 11, 1997. The VHS tape was re-printed and re-released through Warner Home Video's catalog promotions: the Warner Bros. 75th Anniversary Celebration (1998), Century Collection (1999), Century 2000 (2000) and Warner Spotlight (2001). The film was re-released on DVD on July 25, 2000. On October 28, 2003, the film was released as a 2-disc special edition DVD including newly made extras such as a commentary track and a featurette. On November 6, 2007, the movie was featured as one of four films in Warner Home Video's 4-Film Favorites: Family Comedies collection DVD (the other three being Looney Tunes: Back in Action (released seven years after Space Jam), Osmosis Jones and Funky Monkey). On February 8, 2011, the first disc of the previous 2-disc edition was released by itself in a movie only edition DVD and on October 4, the film was released for the first time in widescreen HD on Blu-ray which, save for an hour of classic Looney Tunes shorts, ported over all the extras from the 2003 2-disc edition DVD. A double DVD and Blu-ray release, paired with Looney Tunes: Back in Action, was released on June 7, 2016.[11] On November 15, 2016, Warner Bros. released another Blu-ray for Space Jam, to commemorate the movie's 20th Anniversary.

text: Toys[edit]

text: Toys were released coinciding with the film, including various action figures released by Playmates under the short lived banner "WB Toy". The toys had limited articulation and paired Michael Jordan or another characters of the movie (Charles Barkley and the Monstars with a Looney Tunes character and accessories). Some figures depicted Michael Jordan as a basketball player, a baseball player and a golf player. The line included stuffed toys, decorated basketballs, as well as a McDonald's Happy Meal promotion.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the critical response aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 38%, based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's consensus reads, "A harmless mishmash of basketball and animation that'll entertain kids but leave adults less than thrilled."[13] On Metacritic, it has a score of 59 out of 100, based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[14]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave Space Jam a thumbs up,[15] as did Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune, although his zeal was more subdued.[16] In his print review, Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars, noting, "Space Jam is a happy marriage of good ideas—three films for the price of one, giving us a comic treatment of the career adventures of Michael Jordan, crossed with a Looney Tunes cartoon and some showbiz warfare. ... the result is delightful, a family movie in the best sense (which means the adults will enjoy it, too)."[15] Siskel focused much of his praise on Jordan's performance, saying, "He wisely accepted as a first movie a script that builds nicely on his genial personality in an assortment of TV ads. The sound bites are just a little longer."[16] Leonard Maltin also gave the film a positive review (three stars), stating, "Jordan is very engaging, the vintage characters perform admirably ... and the computer-generated special effects are a collective knockout."[17] Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the film for its humor. He also praised the Looney Tunes' antics and Jordan's acting.[18]

text: Although Janet Maslin of The New York Times criticized the film's animation, she later went on to say that the film is a "fond tribute to [the Looney Tunes characters'] past."[4] Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune complained about some aspects of the movie, stating, "...we don't get the co-stars' best stuff. Michael doesn't soar enough. The Looney Tunes don't pulverize us the way they did when Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng or Bob Clampett were in charge." Yet overall, he also liked the film, giving it 3 stars and saying: "Is it cute? Yes. Is it a crowd-pleaser? Yup. Is it classic? Nope. (Though it could have been.)"[19] TV Guide gave the movie only two stars, calling it a "cynical attempt to cash in on the popularity of Warner Bros. cartoon characters and basketball player Michael Jordan, inspired by a Nike commercial."[20] Margaret A. McGurk of The Cincinnati Enquirer gave the film 2 1/2 stars, saying, "Technical spectacle amounts do nothing without a good story."[21]

text: Veteran Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies director Chuck Jones was highly critical of the film. In a 1998 interview, he expressed his views that the film was "terrible" and said, as a man who worked with the characters for almost thirty years, the story was deeply flawed. "I can tell you, with the utmost confidence," he said, "Porky Pig would never say 'I think I wet myself.'" Jones added that, had the film been more true to the source material, Bugs Bunny would not have enlisted the help of Jordan or the other Looney Tunes characters to defeat the Monstars "and moreover, it wouldn't have taken him an hour and a half. Those aliens, whether they were tiny or colossal, would've been dealt with in short order come the seven minute mark."[12] Finally, Jones also recounted that after the film's release he was invited to a dinner on the Warner Bros. Studio Lot with the executives that produced Space Jam, and was asked to give a speech his thoughts on the film. At the dinner, Jones tried to give his honest opinion in a polite and respectful manner, but before he could finish Warner Bros. security proceeded to "escort" him off the lot.[12][22]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Space Jam was a box office success. At the end of its run, it grossed approximately $90.4 million domestically and an estimated $230–$250 million internationally.[23][24] As of July 2017, Box Office Mojo ranks it as the highest grossing basketball film of all time.[25]

text: The film made its cable television premiere on TNT on March 14, 1999

text: The film made its television premiere on ABC's The Wonderful World of Disney on November 14, 1999.[26]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
1997 ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards

Won: Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures (Diane Warren for the song "For You I Will")
Won: Top Box Office Films (James Newton Howard)

1997 Annie Awards

Won: Best Individual Achievement: Technical Achievement
Nomination: Best Animated Feature
Nomination: Best Individual Achievement: Directing in a Feature Production (Bruce W. Smith and Tony Cervone)
Nomination: Best Individual Achievement: Producing in a Feature Production (Ron Tippe)

1997 Grammy Awards

Won: Best Song Written Specifically for Motion Picture or for Television (R. Kelly for the song "I Believe I Can Fly")

1997 MTV Movie Awards

Nomination: Best Movie Song (R. Kelly for the song "I Believe I Can Fly")

1997 Satellite Awards

Nomination: Best Motion Picture- Animated or Mixed Media (Daniel Goldberg, Joe Medjuck, Ivan Reitman)

1997 World Animation Celebration

Won: Best Use of Animation in a Motion Picture Trailer

1997 Young Artist Awards

Nomination: Best Family Feature- Animation or Special Effects

text: In other media[edit]

text: The Monstars make a cameo in the Animaniacs and Pinky and the Brain episode "Star Warners" (a parody of Star Wars). Jordan himself, who was a spokesman for MCI Communications before the film was made, would appear with the Looney Tunes characters (as his "Space Jam buddies") in several MCI commercials for several years after the film was released before MCI merged with WorldCom and subsequently Verizon Communications.[27] Bugs had previously appeared with Jordan as "Hare Jordan" in Nike ads for the Air Jordan VII and Air Jordan VIII.[28][29] In 2013, Yahoo! Screen released a parody of ESPN's 30 for 30 about the game shown in the film. The short dates the game as taking place on November 17, 1995, although Jordan's real-life return to basketball occurred on March 18.[30]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In February 2014, Warner Bros. announced a potential sequel set to star LeBron James. Charlie Ebersol was set to produce, with a script by his brother, Willie.[31] Representatives of James denied the claim that he would be involved.[32] In May 2014, James was quoted as saying, "I've always loved Space Jam. It was one of my favorite movies growing up. If I have the opportunity, it will be great."[33] In July 2015, James and his production company, SpringHill Entertainment, signed a deal with Warner Bros. for television, movies and digital content after receiving positive reviews for his acting role in Trainwreck.[34][35][36] On May 2, 2016, Justin Lin was said to be in talks to direct the sequel; co-writing the screenplay with Andrew Dodge and Alfredo Botello.[37] In August 2016, the Sneaker Bar Detroit company said that the movie is still in the works.[38] On November 15, 2016, the film's anniversary, a teaser trailer, in the form of a Nike advertisement, was released on Twitter under #MonstarsBack.[39] On December 1, 2016, Bugs Bunny and the Monstars returned in a Foot Locker commercial starring Blake Griffin and Jimmy Butler.[40][41]

text: In a November 2016 interview with Mr. Wavvy, Space Jam director Joe Pytka revealed that following the first film's success, he had been pitched a "really weird" idea for a sequel that would have starred pro golfer Tiger Woods, with Jordan in a smaller role. Pytka explained how the idea came from an out of studio script conference, with people who worked on the original film allegedly involved. Ultimately, nothing materialized from the idea.[42][43] Producer Ivan Reitman participated in similar interview with Mr. Wavvy, also in November 2016, in which he also revealed an idea he had for a sequel, though his sequel would have starred Jordan.[44]


document_title: Leeward Islands

question_text: where did the leeward islands get their name

text: Leeward Islands

text: Origin of the name[edit]

text: The name of this island group, Leeward Islands, dates from previous centuries, when sailing ships were the sole form of transportation across the Atlantic Ocean. In sailing terminology, "windward" means towards the source of the wind, while "leeward" is the opposite direction. In the West Indies, the prevailing winds, known as the trade winds, blow out of the southeast. Therefore, an island to the northwest, such as Puerto Rico, would typically be leeward of an island to the southeast, such as Antigua, and conversely, Antigua would typically be windward of Puerto Rico, but leeward of Guadeloupe and Martinique.

text: The early Spanish colonizers called Puerto Rico and the islands to the west Sotavento, meaning leeward. The islands to the south and east of Puerto Rico were then called Islas de Barlovento, meaning "windward islands". When the British gained control of many of the Lesser Antilles, they designated Antigua, Montserrat and the islands to the north as the "Leeward Islands". Guadeloupe and the islands to the south were designated as the "Windward Islands". Later on, all islands north of Martinique became known as the Leeward Islands.[1] Thus, Dominica is the southernmost Leeward island.

text: However, even in modern usage in languages other than English, e.g., Spanish, French and Dutch, all of the Lesser Antilles from the Virgin Islands to Trinidad and Tobago are known as the Windward Islands (Iles du Vent in French, Bovenwindse Eilanden in Dutch, and Islas de Barlovento in Spanish). The islands along the Venezuelan coast, known in English as the Leeward Antilles, in languages other than English are known as the Leeward Islands.

text: Geography[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2010)

text: The islands are affected by active volcanism, and notable eruptions have occurred in Montserrat in the 1990s and in 2009 to 2010.

text: History[edit]

text: The Caribs, for whom the Caribbean is named, are believed to have migrated from the Orinoco River area in South America Venezuela to settle in the Caribbean islands about 1200 AD, according to carbon dating. Over the century leading up to Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean archipelago in 1492, the Caribs mostly displaced the Maipurean-speaking Taínos, who settled the island chains earlier in history, by warfare, extermination and assimilation.[2]

text: The islands were among the first parts of the Americas to fall under the control of the Spanish Empire. European contact commenced with Christopher Columbus's second voyage, and many of the islands' names originate from this period, e.g., Montserrat was named in honour of Santa Maria de Montserrat (Our Lady of Montserrat), after the Blessed Virgin of the Monastery of Montserrat, which is located on the Mountain of Montserrat, the national shrine of Catalonia. 'Mont serrat' in Catalan means 'saw mountain', referring to the serrated appearance of the mountain range.

text: British colony of the Leeward Islands[edit]

text: The Leeward Islands became a British colony in 1671. In 1699, prior to the War of the Spanish Succession, Christopher Codrington became the governor of the Leeward Islands. The war lasted from 1701 to 1714. Daniel Parke II was the British governor of the Leeward Islands from 1706 to 1710. He was assassinated during a mutiny triggered by his self-enriching enforcement of Stuart imperialism.

text: Although comparatively much smaller than the surrounding islands in the Caribbean, the Leeward Islands posed the most significant (though decidedly less severe in comparison to the colonies) rebellion to the British Stamp Act.[3]

text: In 1816 the colony was dissolved, with its last governor being James Leith.

text: In 1833, the colony was reformed. From 1833 until 1871, the Governor of Antigua performed the duties of the Governor of the Leeward Islands.

text: Today the Islands are governed by a number of national and colonial administrations.

text: List of the Leeward Islands[edit]

text: From the northwest to the southeast, the islands are:

text:
Puerto Rican Virgin Islands: Vieques, Culebra (U.S.)
 U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, Water Island (U.S.)
 British Virgin Islands: Jost Van Dyke, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada (U.K.)
 Anguilla (U.K.)
  Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (Fr./Neth.)
 Saint-Barthélemy (Fr.)
 Saba (Neth.)
 Sint Eustatius (Neth.)
 Saint Kitts (forms a sovereign state (a Commonwealth Realm) with Nevis; see Nevis)
 Nevis (Commonwealth; see St. Kitts)
 Barbuda (Commonwealth; see Antigua)
 Antigua (forms a sovereign state (a Commonwealth Realm) with Barbuda)
 Redonda (uninhabited part of Antigua & Barbuda; see above)
 Montserrat (U.K.)
 Guadeloupe (Fr. overseas department)
 La Désirade (dependency of Guadeloupe, Fr.)
 Îles des Saintes (dependency of Guadeloupe, Fr.)
 Marie-Galante (dependency of Guadeloupe, Fr.)


document_title: Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me

question_text: who sings gentle on my mind at the end of i'll be me

question_tokens: who sings gentle on my mind at the end of i 'll be me

text: Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me

text: History[edit]

text: Director James Keach followed Campbell on his farewell tour. The film centers on Campbell's struggles with Alzheimer's disease. During the filming, Campbell was sued by a Los Angeles production company which claimed that he had broken an agreement to film a documentary with them.[1]

text: I'll Be Me made its television premiere on CNN on June 28, 2015.[2] Sister network HLN aired an encore of the film on August 9, 2017, following Campbell's death the previous day.[3]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film has received a 100% "Fresh" rating, with 30 positive reviews and no negative ones. The critical consensus reads, "The heartrendingly honest Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me offers a window into Alzheimer's that should prove powerful viewing for Campbell fans and novices alike."[4] The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday wrote that "I'll Be Me is an elevating experience, inviting the audience to bear witness to Campbell's courage, humor and spiritual strength. His story may make for a tough movie, but it's an important and triumphant one, as well."[5] Alissa Simon of Variety wrote that it "blends intimate and unflinching medical details, poignant performance footage and a survey of its subject's place in musical history through well-chosen archival footage and interviews with other iconic performers."[6]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17)

Genre
Country

Label
Big Machine

Producer
Julian Raymond, Dann Huff

Singles from Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me

"I'm Not Gonna Miss You"
Released: September 30, 2014
"Gentle on My Mind"
Released: September 22, 2014

text: In advance of the film's release, Big Machine Records released a soundtrack extended play consisting of five songs.[7] One of the songs, "I'm Not Gonna Miss You", is Campbell's final studio recording.[8] The Band Perry's rendition of "Gentle on My Mind" from the soundtrack was released as a single after the band performed it on the Country Music Association awards broadcast on November 5, 2014, and won a Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance the next year.[9]

text: Tim McGraw performed "I'm Not Gonna Miss You" at the 87th Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The category was won by "Glory."

text: The album debuted at No. 20 on Top Country Albums, No. 11 on the Soundtrack chart, and No. 147 on Billboard 200, with 3,000 copies sold.[10] It peaked at No. 15 the next week on the Top Country Albums chart, No. 6 on the Soundtracks chart, and No. 103 on Billboard 200. The album had sold a total of 23,100 copies as of July 2015.[11]

text: "Remembering," sung by Campbell's daughter Ashley Campbell, was released as a single in late 2015.

text: On February 15, 2016, at the 58th Grammy Awards, the soundtrack won a Grammy for "Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media."

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
EP

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length

1.
"I'm Not Gonna Miss You"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
2:58

2.
"Gentle on My Mind"
John Hartford
The Band Perry
3:11

3.
"Home Again"
Jesse Hodges, Larry Rintye
Ashley Campbell
2:54

4.
"Wichita Lineman (Live from Ryman Auditorium)"
Jimmy Webb
Glen Campbell
4:11

5.
"A Better Place (Live from Ryman Auditorium)"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
2:38

Total length:
15:52

text: A full soundtrack consisting of 10 tracks was released on February 17, 2015

text:
Full Soundtrack

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length

1.
"I'm Not Gonna Miss You"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell and the Wrecking Crew
2:58

2.
"Gentle on My Mind"
John Hartford
The Band Perry
3:40

3.
"Remembering"
Ashley Campbell, Kai Welch
Ashley Campbell
3:58

4.
"All I Need Is You"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
4:00

5.
"The Long Walk Home"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
2:20

6.
"Wichita Lineman (Live from Ryman Auditorium)"
Jimmy Webb
Glen Campbell
4:11

7.
"A Better Place (Live from Ryman Auditorium)"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
2:38

8.
"Gentle on My Mind (Single Version)"
John Hartford
The Band Perry
3:11

9.
"Home Again"
Jesse Hodges, Larry Rintye
Ashley Campbell
2:54

10.
"I'm Not Gonna Miss You (Single Version)"
Glen Campbell, Julian Raymond
Glen Campbell
2:58

Total length:
31:38