document_title: Blackburn (surname)

question_text: where does the last name blackburn come from

text: Blackburn (surname)

text: Blackburn is a surname of English origin. At the time of the British Census of 1881,[1] its frequency was highest in Yorkshire, followed by Cumberland, Lancashire, Lincolnshire, Northumberland, County Durham and Norfolk. In all other British counties, its frequency was below national average. Notable people with the surname include:

text:
Alan Blackburn (1935–2014), English footballer
Anthony Blackburn
Arthur Blackburn (footballer) (born 1877), English footballer with Blackburn Rovers and Southampton
Arthur Seaforth Blackburn (1892–1960) Australian soldier, Victoria Cross recipient
Bob Blackburn (disambiguation)
Bunkie Blackburn
Chase Blackburn
Clare Blackburn
Clarice Blackburn
Colin Blackburn, Baron Blackburn, a Scottish judge who sat in the English courts
Dan Blackburn
David Blackburn (disambiguation), multiple people
Derek Blackburn
Doris Blackburn
Earl Blackburn, Major League Baseball player
Edmond Spencer Blackburn
Elizabeth Blackburn, molecular biologist and Nobel prize winner
Estelle Blackburn
Frank Blackburn (born 1944), Louisiana politician
Fred Blackburn (footballer) (born 1879), English international footballer
Frédéric Blackburn, Canadian short track speed skater
Geoffrey Blackburn
George Blackburn (disambiguation)

George Blackburn (American football), American football coach
George Blackburn (baseball), Major League Baseball player
George Blackburn (footballer, born 1888), English footballer
George Blackburn (footballer, born 1899), English footballer
George G. Blackburn, Canadian author

Gideon Blackburn
Harold Blackburn (pioneer aviator), aviator
Howard Blackburn
Jack Blackburn, American boxer and trainer, most notable for training heavyweight champion Joe Louis
Jack Blackburn (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s
James Blackburn (disambiguation)

James Blackburn (architect)
James Blackburn (politician)
James Blackburn (RAF officer)

Jean-Pierre Blackburn
John Blackburn (disambiguation)

John Blackburn (author)
John Blackburn (educator)
John Blackburn (musician)
John Blackburn (politician)
John Blackburn (songwriter)

Joseph Blackburn (disambiguation)
Karoliina Blackburn
Luke P. Blackburn
Marsha Blackburn
Maurice Blackburn
Michael Blackburn (disambiguation)

Michael Blackburn (athlete) (born 1970), Australian Olympic medallist and sailor
Michael Blackburn (poet) (born 1954), British poet

Nick Blackburn, Major League Baseball player
Olly Blackburn, filmmaker and screenwriter
Paul Blackburn (U.S. poet)
Peter Blackburn
Robert Blackburn (disambiguation)

Robert Blackburn (artist)
Robert Blackburn (aviation pioneer)
Robert Blackburn (educationalist)
Robert Blackburn (politician)
Robert McGrady Blackburn

Simon Blackburn, philosopher
Thomas Blackburn (disambiguation)

Thomas Blackburn (entomologist)
Thomas Blackburn (poet)
Tom Blackburn (basketball)
Tom W. Blackburn, writer, lyricist
John T. "Tommy" Blackburn, U.S. aviator

Thornton Blackburn, escaped fugitive slave from Kentucky
Tony Blackburn
William Blackburn, British architect


document_title: Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation Act

question_text: when was the tread act mandated by the nhtsa in the us

root

text: The Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation (or TREAD) Act is a United States federal law enacted in the fall of 2000. This law intends to increase consumer safety through mandates assigned to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). It was drafted in response to fatalities related to Ford Explorers fitted with Firestone tires, and was influenced by automobile and tire manufacturers as well as consumer safety advocates. After congressional hearings were held in September 2000, Congress in only an 18-hour span passed the TREAD Act in October 2000. The Act was signed into law by President Clinton on November 1, 2000, and has been incorporated into the existing National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, codified at 49 U.S.C. §§ 30101-30170.

tag: p

text: There are three major components of the TREAD Act. First, it requires that vehicle manufacturers report to the National Highway & Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) when it conducts a safety recall or other safety campaign in a foreign country. Second, vehicle manufacturers need to report information related to defects, reports of injury or death related to its products, as well as other relevant data in order to comply with "Early Warning" requirements. Third, there is criminal liability where a vehicle manufacturer intentionally violates the new reporting requirements when a safety-related defect has subsequently caused death or serious bodily injury. There are a number of other smaller provisions which mostly address manufacturers of vehicle tires and guidance to the NHTSA on reporting data. The "Early Warning" requirement is the heart of the TREAD Act, enabling the NHTSA to collect data, notice trends, and warn consumers of potential defects in vehicles.

text: Related links[edit]

text:
Tire-pressure monitoring system
Firestone and Ford Tire Controversy

tag: ul


question_text: who played the pirate in the spongebob movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: A pirate named Burger Beard travels to Bikini Atoll, where he obtains a magical book with the power to make any text written upon it real. The book tells the story of SpongeBob SquarePants and his adventures in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob loves his job as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab fast food restaurant, where he cooks burgers called Krabby Patties and works for Mr. Krabs. He has spent years guarding the secret Krabby Patty formula from Plankton, the owner of a competing restaurant called the Chum Bucket.

text: One day, Plankton attacks the Krusty Krab in an attempt to steal the formula. After a military battle involving giant foods and condiments, Plankton feigns surrender. He uses a decoy of himself to give Mr. Krabs a fake penny, which the real Plankton then hides inside in order to gain access to Krabs' vault. As the decoy distracts Mr. Krabs, Plankton steals the formula, leaving a fake in its place. SpongeBob catches Plankton and the two engage in a tug of war over the formula, which magically disappears before anyone can claim it.

text: Without the secret formula, Krabby Patties cannot be made, causing customers to become ravenous. SpongeBob is the only one who believes Plankton is innocent and creates a giant soap bubble for them to fly away in. Bikini Bottom is immediately reduced to an apocalyptic wasteland due to the absence of the much-relied-on Krabby Patty. A page of the book is discarded in the ocean and lands on Sandy Cheeks' treedome and assumes the page is a sign from the "sandwich gods". SpongeBob proposes he and Plankton team up to find the formula. SpongeBob tries to explain the concept of teamwork to Plankton, who does not quite understand. Together, they decide to travel back in time to the moment before the formula disappeared. The two then head to the Chum Bucket to rescue Karen who has been held captive by SpongeBob's friend, Patrick, whom they intend to help power the time machine. They assemble the machine and end up traveling far into the future, where they meet Bubbles, a magical dolphin who acts as an overseer of the galaxy, and inadvertently get him fired. SpongeBob and Plankton succeed in retrieving the formula, but it turns out to be the fake one Plankton had left.

text: Burger Beard converts his pirate ship into a food truck to sell Krabby Patties at a beach community. Sandy suggests a sacrifice be made to appease the gods. As the town attempts to sacrifice SpongeBob by executing him using a metal krabby patty shaped crusher, he and Mr. Krabs smell Krabby Patties. The townsfolk follow the scent, which leads to the surface. Bubbles returns and, revealing that he hated his job, repays SpongeBob by granting him and his sea creature friends the ability to breathe on land; Plankton also joins by stowing away in SpongeBob's sock. Bubbles launches SpongeBob and the others out of his blowhole to the surface.

text: The team soon lands on a beach and finds the source of the Krabby Patty scent: Burger Beard's food truck. Burger Beard reveals he had stolen the formula by using the book to rewrite the story and then uses it to banish the gang to Pelican Island. SpongeBob uses the book's page that Sandy had to transform himself and the others into superheroes with special powers—The Invincibubble (SpongeBob), Mr. Superawesomeness (Patrick), Sour Note (Squidward), The Rodent (Sandy), and Sir Pinch-a-Lot (Mr. Krabs) but leave the page (and Plankton) behind. They return and find Burger Beard, who runs away with the formula, forcing the team to give chase. During the ensuing battle, the team manages to destroy the book, but Burger Beard overpowers them one by one.

text: Plankton then appears as a muscle-bound hero named Plank-Ton and assists them. Plankton and SpongeBob create one final attack to defeat Burger Beard and retrieve the Krabby Patty formula. After sending Burger Beard flying to Bikini Atoll, Plankton returns the formula to Mr. Krabs, having learned the value of teamwork. The gang uses the final page's magic to return home to Bikini Bottom. With Krabby Patties back, the city is finally returned to normal and Plankton re-assumes his role as business rival, thus returning everything to the status quo.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble[7][9] and Gary the Snail
Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch-a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss
Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker
Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend[9]
Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank-Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch-rival and Karen's husband
Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife
Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas
Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher
Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter
Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard, the pirate who stole the Krabby Patty formula
Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time-traveling dolphin
Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles
Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters
Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie
Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia)[10] as the voice of Kyle the Seagull
Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate

text: The seagulls were voiced by Peter Shukoff, Lloyd Ahlquist, Carlos Alazraqui, Eric Bauza, Tim Conway, Eddie Deezen, Nolan North, Rob Paulsen, Kevin Michael Richardson, April Stewart, Cree Summer, Billy West, Alan Carr (UK), Joe Sugg (UK), Caspar Lee (UK) and Stacey Solomon (UK). Slash appeared in trailers for the film, but his scene was cut from the theatrical release. It was presented among the special features for the Blu-ray release of the film.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following the release of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie in 2004, producer Julia Pistor stated that a sequel film was unlikely, despite the film's successful box office performance.[12] In a 2009 interview with Digital Spy, SpongeBob SquarePants writer and executive producer Paul Tibbitt was asked about the possibility of a sequel.[13] He said, "I think that they are talking about doing that, but I haven't signed up for anything. We just feel like we've told so many stories, and SpongeBob exists so well in this short 11-minute form."[13] He further stated that making another film was "a huge challenge."[13] However, Tibbitt denied that a sequel is not impossible to emerge, saying "I wouldn't say no, but I don't know if there will be another one."[13] In 2010, Nickelodeon reportedly had been approaching the crews of the show to make another film adaptation.[14] The network had long wanted to partner with Paramount Pictures to release another SpongeBob SquarePants film to help reinvigorate the series from its declining ratings.[15] However, internal disagreement delayed collaborations.[14][15]

text: On March 4, 2011, in an article by the Los Angeles Times, it was first reported that Paramount had "another SpongeBob picture" in development.[16] Several months later, in July, Paramount formed its new animation unit, Paramount Animation, in the wake of the commercial and critical success of the 2011 computer-animated film Rango, and the departure of DreamWorks Animation upon completion of their distribution contract in 2012.[17] Philippe Dauman, the president and CEO of Paramount and Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom, officially announced on February 28, 2012 that a sequel film was in development and slated for an unspecified 2014 release, saying that "We will be releasing a SpongeBob movie at the end of 2014."[18][19][20] Dauman added that the film "will serve to start off or be one of our films that starts off our new animation effort."[18] Nickelodeon expected the film to do much better in foreign box office than the 2004 feature, given its increasingly global reach.[15][21] Dauman said, "This will continue to propel SpongeBob internationally."[15]

text: Production was announced on June 10, 2014 under the title The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie 2,[22][23] which some trade publications began referring to as SpongeBob SquarePants 2.[7] The film's executive producer is series creator Stephen Hillenburg, who departed from the show as its showrunner in 2004 following the release of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. He no longer writes or runs the show on a day-to-day basis, but reviews each episode and delivers suggestions.[24][25] However, in a 2012 interview with Thomas F. Wilson, Hillenburg stated that he was helping in writing the film.[26] Tibbitt later revealed on Twitter in late 2013 that "Steve [Hillenburg] and I wrote the new movie together and he has been in the studio everyday working with us."[27] Production on the film was expected to finish in November 2014.[28] After production on the film finished, Hillenburg returned to the show as an executive producer, now having greater creative input and attending crew meetings.[29][30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The regular series main cast members returned to reprise their roles from the series and the previous 2004 film.[7] In August 2013, casting directors from Marty Siu Casting began casting calls for the background extras for the live action scenes.[31][32] On September 21, 2013, it was reported that Spanish actor Antonio Banderas had been cast for a live-action role as Burger-Beard the pirate.[33][34][35]

text: Animation[edit]

text: The animation for the film was handled overseas by Rough Draft Korea in South Korea.[36] Creative supervisor Vincent Waller said, "We're getting animation back that is looking terrific."[37] The sequel is a combination of traditional animation and live action as its predecessor was,[38][39] and also used computer-generated imagery (CGI) handled by Iloura VFX in Melbourne, Australia to render the characters in 3D.[40][41] Sherm Cohen returned to work on the sequel, when he previously worked on The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie as a character designer and the lead storyboard artist and left the show in 2005.[42] Series animation directors Tom Yasumi and Alan Smart worked on the film's exposure sheets.[43] Most of the character layout crew of the film are from the series.[44]

text: In a preview of upcoming Paramount films held in 2012, it first exhibited the film as a "3D feature film" with "CGI-like animation".[45] Following the release of the SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue, a 3D short film released in early 2013 at the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando, executives also talked of continuing the use of 3D in the film.[46] Director Tibbitt was asked on Twitter concerning what animation technique the film would have, and responded, "[I] don't wanna spoil anything but [it is] mostly 2D."[47]

text: The film contains a stop-motion animation sequence by Screen Novelties.[48][49] The company had previously produced a clay animation scene for the first film, the mixed-media opening for "Truth or Square", and the entirety of the stop-motion special It's a SpongeBob Christmas![50]

text: In March 2014, Paramount screened live-action footage from the film during the National Association of Theatre Owners' CinemaCon. News websites report that the film would be CGI-animated,[51] with an Internet Movie Database staff commenting, "When Paramount announced there would be a new SpongeBob SquarePants movie, the assumption was that it would be animated (like all other incarnations of SpongeBob). The very brief footage from tonight's presentation suggested otherwise—it looked as though this was a CGI/live-action hybrid akin to Alvin and the Chipmunks, Yogi Bear, The Smurfs, etc."[52] In an article published by ComingSoon.net, author Edward Douglas wrote: "The CGI animation just looks weird."[53] Philippe Dauman said that the CGI elements are intended to "refresh and give another boost" to the characters.[54]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film features live-action scenes directed by Mike Mitchell.[55] Filming began on September 30, 2013 and lasted through November 5, 2013, on various locations in Savannah, Georgia and Tybee Island.[56][57][58] The Savannah Film Office first announced that the film would shoot live action scenes in Savannah for 40 days on July 11, 2013.[39] Will Hammargren, location specialist for the Savannah Film Office, said the film was expected to contribute $8 million to the city's economy, including booking at least 5,600 hotel room nights.[59][60]

text: On September 30, 2013, the start of production filming was interrupted when Jay Self was dismissed.[61][62] According to a memorandum from Joe Shearouse, bureau chief of the leisure services department of Savannah, Self was fired for his "failure to properly plan and manage the arrangement for the movie."[61][63] It accused Self of shortcomings surrounding the filming and also cited complaints from local residents of Savannah.[61][63][64][65] Another reported reason for Self's dismissal was a disagreement between Paramount and the Savannah Film Office, about the deal of granting the local businesses to negotiate with Paramount for potential business losses during filming.[66]

text: In preparing the filming location in the downtown, the film crew painted storefronts along Broughton Street to resemble a "beach community" called "Salty Shoals".[59][67][68][69] Jay Self said, "They're trying to make it look like it's right at the seaside."[68] The Jen Library and Trustees Theater, a landmark situated on Broughton Street, of the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) was converted into a sea museum.[67] Paramount first approached SCAD to utilize the Jen Library for a scene back in August 2013.[70] Once SCAD approved, the studio's art department transformed the buildings in choice for the film.[70] It remained open to students during filming, while the "SCAD" letters atop Trustees remained untouched.[70] Other establishments, like flower shops, convenience stores and coffeehouses, were converted to surfing, fudge and buoy shops, respectively.[71] Self said, "The changes are temporary with all buildings scheduled to be restored to their original colors after filming is complete."[68][72]

text: Filming began on October 9 in the downtown where parts of the Broughton Street between Montgomery Street and Habersham Street were closed through October 18.[67][73][74] Prior to October 9, residents were given yellow flyers handed out by the production crew to detail the inconveniences of the filming would have on them.[75] Actor Antonio Banderas appeared as a pirate and was filmed on a pirate ship with wheels for a car chase scene.[67][75][76] At one point, a film crew member caused an accident that damaged a downtown building and rushed a woman to the Candler Hospital.[77][78] William Hammargren, with the Savannah Film Services office, said that Paramount was issued a permit to use motorized vehicles within certain areas closed for filming, but the permit did not extend to the lanes.[77]

text: Filming in the downtown ended on October 18, when a raffle was also held, with City Mayor Edna Jackson announcing the winners.[79] The prizes include: a SpongeBob SquarePants-themed party, bicycles, a vacation at Marshall House, dinner at Savannah Bistro, gift certificates, and a 60-inch television.[79] After filming in the downtown, the production received mixed response from local businesses located in filming areas.[66] A concern raised by business owners was the choice in dates for shooting as October is "a big month for merchants along Broughton."[66] Some merchants suggested February, July, or August as prime filming dates.[66]

text: Filming for the scenes resumed on October 21 on Tybee Island.[79][80] The producers of the film were permitted to film on Tybee Island after meetings held at the Tybee Island City Hall with businesses and residents that imposed concerns about the possible effects of the filming, and also apprehensions about sea turtle safety.[81][82] Musician Slash of the band Guns N' Roses was seen on set at the Tybee Pier for filming, although he does not appear in the final film.[83] The film crew later moved to Strand Avenue for a chase scene with extras on bicycles.[83]

text: Music[edit]

text: Soundtrack EP[edit]

text:
Music from The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water

EP by Various artists

Released
January 27, 2015

Recorded
2014

Genre
Hip hop

Length
10:28

Label

Nickelodeon
Columbia
i Am Other

Producer
Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo

SpongeBob SquarePants chronology

It's a SpongeBob Christmas! Album
(2012)It's a SpongeBob Christmas! Album2012
Music from "The SpongeBob Movie Sponge Out of Water"
(2015)
SpongeBob SquarePants, The New Musical
(2017)SpongeBob SquarePants, The New Musical2017

tag: table

text: It was announced that Pharrell Williams would write a song for the film with his band N.E.R.D, which is titled "Squeeze Me".[84] A five-song EP was released digitally on January 27, 2015.[85]

text:
Music from "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water" - EP

No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Squeeze Me"
N.E.R.D
2:34

2.
"Patrick Star"
N.E.R.D
1:46

3.
"Sandy Squirrel"
N.E.R.D
3:01

4.
"Team Work"
Tom Kenny & Mr. Lawrence
1:07

5.
"Thank Gosh It's Monday"
Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke & Clancy Brown
2:40

text: Original Motion Picture Score[edit]

text: The original score for the film was composed by John Debney.[86] On February 16, 2015, Debney announced via Twitter that Varèse Sarabande would release his score to the film digitally on March 23, 2015 in the UK and March 24, 2015 in the US, along with a physical release on March 31, 2015.[87]

text:
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (Music from the Motion Picture)

Film score by John Debney

Released
March 23, 2015

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
48:49

Label
Varèse Sarabande

John Debney chronology

Stonehearst Asylum
(2014) Stonehearst Asylum2014
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
(2015) The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water2015
Careful What You Wish For
(2015) Careful What You Wish For2015

text:
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (Original Motion Picture Score)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Burger Beard on Island"
3:09

2.
"Burger Beard Starts to Read"
0:35

3.
"Plankton Attack / Tank Defeat / Giant Robot / Trying to Steal Formula"
4:07

4.
"Torturing Plankton / Refund"
3:18

5.
"Escaping in a Bubble"
2:33

6.
"The End / Get Him"
5:06

7.
"Going to Sleep / Inside SpongeBob's Brain"
2:09

8.
"Getting the Key / Plankton Rescues Karen"
1:53

9.
"Intro Bubbles"
2:08

10.
"Stealing Formula Back / Pirate Ship and Food Truck"
2:53

11.
"My Very Own Food Truck / Sandy Proposes Sacrifice"
1:49

12.
"Bubbles to the Rescue / Beach Search for Krabby Patties"
3:56

13.
"Beachfront Antics / Bike Path Encounters / Home of the Krabby Patty"
2:54

14.
"Story Rewrites / Invincibubble"
2:50

15.
"Chasing Burger Beard / Team Worked"
4:04

16.
"Not So Fast Burger Beard / PlankTON / Real Teamwork"
5:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In March 2012, in regards to consumer products for the film, Dauman stated, "This will be a Nickelodeon-branded movie. We'll license the toys, but we own it."[15] The film's first teaser poster was released on June 10, 2014, along with the announcement of its new title, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.[40] The poster is a nod to the famous Coppertone sunscreen advertisements from the 1950s, in which a dog is seen pulling the bikini bottom off of a blonde girl.[88][89]

text: At the San Diego Comic-Con International held on July 25, 2014, Paramount Pictures released the first footage from the film, as part of their presentation at Hall H, with Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor, hosting the panel.[90] The film's trailer was released on July 31, 2014.[91] Throughout the year, trailers and 15 second teaser posters of the movie were shown.

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water was originally planned for a 2014 release to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the first film.[18] However, Paramount Pictures announced on August 1, 2013, in an article in The Hollywood Reporter, that the film would instead have its official wide release in theaters on February 13, 2015 in North America to avoid competition of the 2014 reboot of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[7][92][93] On June 5, 2014, the film's release date was moved up one week to February 6, 2015 in order to avoid competition with 20th Century Fox's Kingsman: The Secret Service and Universal Pictures' Fifty Shades of Grey, which premiered the following week.[94] The film premiered on January 28, 2015 in Belgium and the Netherlands, and on January 30, 2015 in Iceland, Mexico, and Taiwan.[95]

text: International releases[edit]

text: It was announced on February 24 that Paramount Pictures, in partnership with TG4, would release the film in the Irish language, alongside the English release.[96] This marked the first time a major film studio released an Irish-language version of a movie.[97] SpongeBob - An Scannán: Spúinse as Uisce premiered in Ireland on March 27, 2015.[96]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water was released on Digital HD on May 19, 2015. It was released on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD on June 2, 2015.[98] The cover of the home media releases (excluding the Blu-ray 3D release) and digital releases is the principal theatrical poster. The only difference is that Plankton is on the cover as his super hero alter-ego, Plank-Ton.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water grossed $162.9 million in North America and $162.1 million in other territories for a total gross of $325.1 million worldwide, against a budget of $74 million.[5] It outgrossed the first SpongeBob movie, which made $140.2 million worldwide,[99] and is the second-highest-grossing film based off an animated television show, behind The Simpsons Movie ($527.1 million).[100]

text: Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $99.8 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[101]

text: North America[edit]

text: The film was originally expected to gross around $35 million in its opening weekend;[102][103][104] however, the film exceeded expectations on its opening day.[105][106] In its opening weekend the film grossed $55.4 million, playing in 3,641 theaters, with a $15,206 per-theater average and finishing in first place at the box office. It beat out American Sniper, which grossed $23.3 million, marking the first time in four weeks a film other than American Sniper was the top-grossing film. In its second weekend, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water earned $31.4 million, marking a 43.2% decline, and was overtaken by Fifty Shades of Grey and Kingsman: The Secret Service, dropping to number three. On its third weekend, the film stayed at number three, grossing $16.5 million. In its fourth weekend, the film was number three again, with $10.8 million.[107]

text: Other territories[edit]

text: A week ahead of North America release, the film was released in five markets for the three-day weekend of January 30 in other territories, and earned a gross of $8 million. Six-point-seven million dollars of that came from a strong debut in Mexico.[108] For its second weekend of February 6, 2015, the film earned itself a gross of $16.2 million playing in theaters of 25 markets. The film opened at #1 in Brazil and Spain by grossing $4.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively, while maintaining the top spot at the box office of Mexico by earning $2.4 million.[109] In the UK the film was released on March 27 in time for the Easter school holidays and opened at #3 behind Cinderella and Home.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film scored an approval rating of 80% based on 102 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus read, "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water won't win over many viewers who aren't fans of the show, but for the converted, it's another colorful burst of manic fun."[110] On Metacritic, the film scored of 62 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[111] According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[112]

text: Andrew Barker of Variety praised the film for "never even feigning a lick of seriousness". Although he felt the film was too long and the CGI sequences to be inferior to the traditionally animated ones, he said the film would prove "popular among the franchise's key grade-schooler and head-shop-owner demographics."[113] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter was more negative, saying the film's two animation styles failed "to create a cohesive whole in spite of all the inspired non sequiturs," stating "the live action/CG stuff never satisfyingly jibes with the traditional nautical nonsense down below." He opined that although the film was inferior to the first one, it would likely be a box office success.[114] Barbara VanDenburgh of The Arizona Republic gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying "The plot is straightforward, predictable and slight, no more intricate a plot than a 15-minute TV episode would have. It's the freewheeling madness of its execution that makes the movie such a trip—as in acid trip."[115] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The spirit of the series remains true: cheerfully random jokes, blink-and-you'll-miss-them references and, above all, a silly, stubbornly sentimental streak that only the crabbiest cynic could dismiss."[116] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film three out of five stars, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water weaves a silly—and often funny—spell. It's a scrappy little B-movie that zips along rather entertainingly."[117] Jen Chaney of The Washington Post gave the film two out of four stars, saying "There's something about this project that, despite checking all of the requisite plot and sensibility boxes, doesn't convey as an organic work of SpongeBob-ishness."[118]

text: Nicolas Rapold of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "While less fluid and fresh than its 2004 predecessor, the new film displays enough nutty writing and sheer brio to confirm the stamina of its enduring and skillfully voiced characters."[119] Gwen Ihnat of The A.V. Club gave the film a B+, saying "The visual effects and fast and furious quips combine for that rarest of releases: one that both parents and kids can enjoy (just like the show), leaving viewers of any age hoping that the next SpongeBob movie isn't an entire decade off."[120] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap gave the film a positive review, saying "The jokes are consistently hilarious, with enough variety to tickle the funny bones of old salts and young fishies alike."[121] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film two out of four stars, saying "The live-action elements—mostly in the person of Antonio Banderas as cranky pirate Burger Beard, who spends most of his time addressing a flock of seagulls—don't mesh seamlessly with the animated sequences. It almost feels like two movies awkwardly melded together."[122] John Semley of The Globe and Mail gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water mostly nails what has always made the character, and his brightly coloured underwater world, so endearing: the abundant innocence, the welcome lack of cynicism and the out-and-out stupidity."[123] Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water remains true to the surrealism of its animated television roots. But it also tries to force a live-action element which isn't as comfortable a fit as a certain pair of symmetrical trousers."[124]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie
Paul Tibbitt
Nominated

Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards
BAFTA Kids' Vote - Feature Film
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
Nominated

43rd Annie Awards[125]
Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Brice Mallier, Paul Buckley, Brent Droog, Alex Whyte, Jonothan Freisler
Nominated

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature
Tom Kenny
Nominated

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game featuring a plot set directly after the film, titled SpongeBob HeroPants, was released in North America on February 3, 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita.[126] The game is published by Activision. A mobile game, titled The SpongeBob Movie Game: Sponge on the Run, was released on January 22, 2015 for iOS and Android. It is an endless running game based on the film, featuring several mini games.[127]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In a February 2015 interview discussing the film's financial success, Megan Collison, president of worldwide distribution and marketing at Paramount, stated the possibility of a third film was "a good bet".[128] In another interview, Paramount vice chairman Rob Moore remarked, "Hopefully, it won't take 10 years to make another film."[129] On April 30, 2015, via Twitter, Viacom announced a third SpongeBob SquarePants film was in development.[130] On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, Vincent Waller confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that Paul Tibbitt was confirmed to return as director from a story by him and Kyle McCulloch.[131] It was announced in November 2015 that the film would be released on February 8, 2019,[132] but the release date was moved to an unspecified date for March 2019.[133] On November 11, 2015, Waller confirmed via Twitter that the film will be mostly traditionally animated with CGI/live-action sequences.[134] Screenwriters Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger said in a January 2016 interview that they are working on the third SpongeBob movie.[135] Storyboard artist Bob Camp said in an April 2016 interview that cartoonist John Kricfalusi is developing a new Ren & Stimpy cartoon to precede the movie;[136] however, Kricfalusi denied on Twitter that he's making a cartoon.[137] In March 2017 at CinemaCon, it was announced that the movie had been delayed to August 2, 2019.[8] On March 28, 2017, Yahoo! Movies reported on its Twitter feed that the movie had been given the final title of The SpongeBob Movie;[138] current showrunner Waller later suggested that this was a placeholder title.[139] On May 29, 2017, Kristen Caplan was announced to be the production manager of the movie.[140] On December 19, 2017, it was announced that the movie had been pushed back again to July 31, 2020.[141] In April 2018 at CinemaCon, it was announced that the film would be called The SpongeBob Movie: It's a Wonderful Sponge, that it was going to be directed by Tim Hill, and that it would have a new release date of July 22, 2020.[142][143]


document_title: Royal Air Force Police

question_text: who wears a white cap in the raf

question_tokens: who wears a white cap in the raf

text: Royal Air Force Police

text: History[edit]

text: The RAFP was formed on 1 April 1918, when the RAF was formed by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.  By the end of World War II there were 500 officers and 20,000 NCOs in the RAFP. In January 1947, the RAF Provost Branch became a Specialist Branch within the RAF. In December 1950, George VI approved the crest and motto Fiat Justitia. By 2009, the RAFP had served in 66 countries around the globe.

text: Uniform and insignia[edit]

text: RAFP non-commissioned officers and warrant officers are noticeable by their white-topped caps (giving rise to their nickname of "Snowdrops"), which they have worn since 1945, and by black and red flashes worn below their rank slides. RAFP commissioned officers wear the standard peaked cap of all RAF officers, with the red and black flashes. In dress uniform, all RAFP wear a red and black brassard on the left arm, reflecting the flashes worn with normal working dress. In tactical dress, RAFP personnel wear red "MP" badges, the internationally recognised symbol for military police.

text: The Oath[edit]

text: "I do solemnly and sincerely declare and affirm that as a member of the Royal Air Force Police I will well and truly serve Her Majesty the Queen, acting with fairness, integrity, diligence and impartiality, upholding fundamental human rights and according equal respect to all people; and that I will, to the best of my power, maintain service law and investigate independently and impartially all service offences against people and property; and that while I continue to be a member of the Royal Air Force Police I will, to the best of my skill and knowledge, discharge all the duties of that appointment faithfully according to law."[2]

text: Mission statement[edit]

text: To deliver focused Police, counter-intelligence and protective security services to commanders in support of Defence outputs.[2]

text: Role[edit]

text: The RAFP are responsible for the policing and security of all service personnel, much like their Royal Navy and British Army counterparts.

text: Provision of policing, counter-intelligence and specialist security support to the RAF includes:

text:
Front line, Response and General Policing duties (Law Enforcement)
Criminal and security investigations
Serious and Complex Criminal Investigations
Aircraft protection and security
Counter Intelligence operations to identify and counter threats from terrorism, espionage, subversion, sabotage and Organised Crime.
Cyber and information security
Military working dogs
Force protection (on deployed operations)
Close protection of VIPs
Close support of other UK military units [3]

text: In addition to general policing, the RAFP has specialist security and criminal investigators tasked with the investigation of more serious and complex crime and security threats.

text: The RAFP Special Investigation Branch investigate serious and complex crimes within the Defence community, up to and including murder.

text: Counter Intelligence Operations Squadron investigate serious security breaches and support the RAF through the gathering of intelligence and protective security based activities.

text: These specialist capabilities are supported by forensic and intelligence units. Members of all wings are used for operations overseas, deploying as individuals, with the aircraft they support, or as a formed unit drawn together under the Tactical Police Squadrons. Members of the RAFP may also specialise in close protection duties, ensuring the safety of VIPs and other dignitaries in hostile environments.[4]

text: The RAFP are the only branch of the Service Police who operate police dogs within the UK military. They manage all RAF military working dogs, with detachments at many RAF stations. RAFP dogs and their handlers support overseas operations. Recently, this has included Iraq and Afghanistan, in both patrol and specialist search roles.[5]

text: The RAFP is subject to inspection by HM Inspectorate of Constabulary, in the same way as the UK's civilian police forces.[6]

text: Organisation[edit]

text: Office of the Provost Marshal (OPM) is the HQ of the Provost Marshal, who holds the rank of group captain.  A component of the RAF's Force Protection Force, the RAFP is organised into three functional wings that operate both within the UK and internationally.

text: No 1 RAF Police Wing covers the north of the UK and Northern Ireland, and incorporates No 4 and No 5 RAF Police Squadrons.

text: No. 2 RAF Police Wing covers the south of the UK and supports overseas non-operational detachments; this Wing incorporates No 6 and No 7 RAF Police Squadrons.[citation needed]

text: No. 3 RAF Police Wing provides deployable and specialist support worldwide.  It incorporates No.1 Tactical Police Squadron (TPS) (formerly the Tactical Provost Wing) which forms the RAF Police's tactical, deployable capability; their primary role is to conduct forward policing and security of RAF personnel and assets. The Tactical Police Squadron, augmented by RAF Police personnel from various RAFP formations, have deployed personnel on operations around the world.  The Special Investigation Branch, named as SIB(North) and SIB(South) have transferred to No 3 Specialist Police Wing. In addition, 3 Police Wing includes all RAF Police Reserves, 3 Tactical Police Squadron and 603 (City of Edinburgh) Royal Auxiliary Air Force Squadron. 3 RAF Police Wing moved to RAF Honington in 2015 to provide a single hub for RAF Force Protection.[7][8]

text: Detachments of RAFP can be found at most RAF stations. Usually, the detachment consists of a Flight, commanded by either a Flying Officer or a Flight Lieutenant; either a Flight Sergeant or Sergeant usually functions as the senior non-commissioned officer of the flight.

text: RAF Police Flights are responsible to and directed by a RAFP Squadron. Squadron HQs are based at the larger RAF stations and provide remote oversight of the Police Flights at the units within their respective area of responsibility. Squadron HQs are themselves responsible to, and directed by, the Assistant Provost Marshal of the RAFP, who is the Wing Commander of their respective Police Wing. RAFP personnel are not responsible to, or under the direct command of, the Commanding Officer (Base Commander) of the station at which they are situated; all service police on RAFP Wings remain under the command of the Provost Marshal (RAF). Their authority to act as service police stems directly from the Armed Forces Act 2006. Service police are able to issue lawful commands to any service person, regardless of their rank or trade. The RAF Police also provides the RAF's Protective Security (PS) role, similar to that carried out by the Intelligence Corps and elements of the Royal Signals of the British Army. IT Security (ITSy) is a further specialisation within the protective security field and personnel trained to this level are expected to perform all PS and ITSy related tasks.

text: Recent operations[edit]

text: In Afghanistan, as part of the RAF's Force Protection Wing, the RAFP provided security for Camp Bastion.[9] along with external support to frontline troops.

text: On 12 May 2012, Cpl Brent McCarthy—an RAF Policeman stationed at RAF Brize Norton—was shot and killed while on duty in Helmand Province.[10]

text: RAF Police, along with other units, took part the Mobility Guardian exercise in 2017.[11]

text: Training[edit]

text: Ground Trades within the Royal Air Force start their service career at RAF Halton where they undergo Basic training. Once this is successfully completed, recruit intakes are dispersed to the various Ground Trades Training Schools.

text: Potential RAFP recruits are trained at the Defence College of Policing and Guarding (DSPG) at Southwick Park, Hampshire, along with the Royal Navy Police and the Royal Military Police. In order to conduct some of the wider specialist roles, particularly involving the investigation of more serious and complex crime and security investigations, extensive further post-graduation training is provided outside of DSPG to all RAFP specialists by Home Department Police Forces and Training providers. Most of the training requirements of a Home Department Police Force in terms of Detective training and Covert Operations are delivered to specialist RAFP elements.

text: During the 1950s, training was carried out at RAF Netheravon in Wiltshire, and in the 1960s at RAF Debden near Saffron Walden. Until the mid-1990s, trade training took place at RAF Newton in Nottinghamshire, before moving to RAF Halton in Buckinghamshire. In 2004, all UK service police training was consolidated at Southwick Park.


document_title: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

question_text: what force was raised in 1990 to deal with insurgency in kashmir

text: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

text: History of the insurgency

text: After independence from colonial rule India and Pakistan fought a war over the princely state of Kashmir. At the end of the war India controlled the most valuable parts of Kashmir.[38] While there were sporadic periods of violence there was no organised insurgency movement.[39]

text: During this period legislative elections in Jammu and Kashmir were first held in 1951 and Sheikh Abdullah’s secular party stood unopposed. He was an instrumental member in the accession of the state to India.[40][41]

text: However Sheikh Abdullah would fall in and out of favour with the central government and would often be dismissed only to be re-appointed later on.[42] This was a time of political instability & power struggle in Jammu and Kashmir and it went through several periods of President's rule by the Federal Government.[28]

text: After Sheikh Abdullah’s death, his son Farooq Abdullah took over as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Farooq Abdullah eventually fell out of favour with the Central Government and the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi had him dismissed.[citation needed] A year later, Abdullah announced an alliance with the ruling Congress party for the elections of 1987. The elections were allegedly rigged in favour of Abdullah.[28][26]

text: This led to the rise of an armed insurgency movement composed, in part, of those who unfairly lost elections. Pakistan supplied these groups with logistical support, arms, recruits and training.[28][26][44][23][45]

text: In the second half of 1989 the alleged assassinations of the Indian spies and political collaborators by JKLF (Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front) was intensified. Over six months more than a hundred officials were killed to paralyse government’s administrative and intelligence apparatus. The daughter of then interior affairs minister, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was kidnapped in December and four terrorists had to be released for her release. This event led to mass celebrations all over the valley. Farooq Abdullah resigned in January after the appointment of Jagmohan Malhotra as the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, J&K was placed under governor rule under Article 356, Disturbed Areas Act of Indian constitution. [46]

text: Under JKLF’s leadership on January 21-23 large scale protests were organised in valley. As a response to this largely explosive situation paramilitary units of BSF and CRPF were called. These units were used by the government to combat Maoist insurgency and the North-Eastern insurgency. The challenge to them in this situation was not posed by armed insurgents but by the stone pelters. Their inexperience caused atleast 50 casualties in Gawkadal massacre. In this incident the underground militant movement was transformed into a mass struggle. To curb the situation AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Powers Act) was imposed on Kashmir in September 1990 to supress the insurgency by giving armed forces the powers to kill and arrest without warrant to maintain public order. During this time the dominant tactic involved killing of a prominent figure in a public gathering to push forces into action and the public prevented them from capturing these insurgents. This sprouting of sympathisers in Kashmir led to the hard-line approach of Indian army.[47]

text: With JKLF at forefront large number of militant groups like Allah Tigers, People’s League and Hizb-i-Islamia sprung up. Weapons were smuggled on a large scale from Pakistan. In Kashmir JKLF operated under the leadership of Ashfaq Majid Wani, Yasin Bhat, Hamid Shiekh and Javed Mir. To counter this growing pro-Pakistani sentiment in Kashmir, Indian media associated it exclusively with Pakistan.[48]

text: JKLF used distinctly Islamic themes to mobilise crowds and justify their use of violence. They seeked to establish an Islamic democratic state where the rights of minorities would be protected according to Quran and Sunna and economy would be organised on the principles of Islamic socialism.     [49]

text: Beginning in 2004 Pakistan began to end its support for insurgents in Kashmir.[50] This happened because terrorist groups linked to Kashmir twice tried to assassinate Pakistani President General Pervez Musharraf.[45] His successor, Asif Ali Zardari has continued the policy, calling insurgents in Kashmir "terrorists".[51] Although it is unclear if Pakistan's intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence, thought to be the agency aiding and controlling the insurgency[51][52][53] is following Pakistan's commitment to end support for the insurgency in Kashmir.[51]

text: Despite the change in the nature of the insurgency from a phenomenon supported by external forces to a primarily domestic-driven movement[38][51][54][55][56] the Indian government has continued to send large numbers of troops to the Indian border.[54][56][57]

text: There have been widespread protests against Indian rule.[54]

text: Once the most formidable face of Kashmir militancy, Hizbul Mujahideen is slowly fading away as its remaining commanders and cadres are being taken out on a regular interval by security forces.[58] Some minor incidents of grenade throwing and sniper firing at security forces notwithstanding, the situation is under control and more or less peaceful. A record number of tourists including Amarnath pilgrims visited Kashmir during 2012. On 3 August 2012, a top Lashkar-e-Taiba militant commander, Abu Hanzulah involved in various attacks on civilians and security forces was killed in an encounter with security forces in a village in Kupwara district of north Kashmir.[59]

text: According to an Indian Army data – quoted by Reuters – at least 70 young Kashmiris joined the insurgency in the 2014, army records showed, with most joining the banned group Lashkar-e-Taiba, which was accused of carrying out attacks on the Indian city of Mumbai in 2008. Two of the new recruits have doctorates and eight were post graduates, the army data showed.[60] According to BBC, that despite a Pakistani ban on militant activity in Kashmir in 2006, its fighters continue to attempt infiltration into Indian-administered Kashmir. These attempts were curtailed however when people living along the Line of Control which divides Indian and Pakistani Kashmir started to hold public protests against their activities.[61]

text: Reasons for the insurgency

text: Rigging of 1987 Assembly elections

text: Following the rise of Islamisation in the Kashmir valley, during the 1987 state elections, various Islamic anti-establishment groups including Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir were organised under a single banner named Muslim United Front (MUF), that is largely current Hurriyat. MUF's election manifesto stressed the need for a solution to all outstanding issues according to Simla Agreement, work for Islamic unity and against political interference from the centre. Their slogan was wanting the law of the Quran in the Assembly.[62] But the MUF won only four seats, even though it had polled 31% votes in the election. However, the elections were widely believed to be rigged, changing the course of politics in the state. The insurgency was sparked by the apparent rigging of state elections in 1987.[28][26][63]

text: ISI's role

text:
The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence has allegedly encouraged and aided the Kashmir independence movement through an insurgency[51][52][53][64] due to its dispute on the legitimacy of Indian rule in Kashmir, with the insurgency as an easy way to keep Indian troops distracted and cause international condemnation of India.[38]
Former Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf in Oct 2014 said during TV interview, "We have source (in Kashmir) besides the (Pakistan) army…People in Kashmir are fighting against (India). We just need to incite them."[65]

text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their first ever open acknowledgement in 2011 in US Court, said that the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) sponsors terrorism in Kashmir and it oversees terrorist separatist groups in Kashmir.[18][19][19][20][21]

text: Mujahideen influence

text: After the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, Mujahideen fighters, with the aid of Pakistan, slowly infiltrated Kashmir with the goal of spreading a radical Islamist ideology.[26]

text: Religion

text: Jammu and Kashmir is the only Muslim majority state in Hindu-majority India. Indian-American journalist Asra Nomani states that while India itself is a secular state, Muslims are politically, culturally and economically marginalised when compared to Hindus in India as a whole.[66] The government's decision to transfer 99 acres of forest land in near Amarnath in the Kashmir valley to a Hindu organisation (for setting up temporary shelters and facilities for Hindu pilgrims) solidified this feeling and led to one of the largest protest rallies in Jammu and Kashmir.[67]

text: Humanitarian abuses

text: After insurgency started in Kashmir valley because of above reasons in late 1980s, Indian troops entered in Kashmir valley to control the insurgency.[68] Some analysts have suggested that the number of Indian troops in Jammu and Kashmir is close to 600,000 although estimates vary and the Indian government refuses to release official figures.[69] The troops have been accused and held accountable for several humanitarian abuses[56] and have engaged in mass extrajudicial killings, torture, rape and sexual abuse.[57]

text: Indian security forces have been implicated in many reports for enforced disappearances of thousands of Kashmiris whereas the security forces deny having their information and/or custody. This is often in association with torture or extrajudicial killing. Human right activists estimate the number of disappeared to be over eight thousand, last seen in government detention.[70][71] The disappeared are believed to be dumped in thousands of mass graves across Kashmir.[72][73][74][75][76] A State Human Rights Commission inquiry in 2011, has confirmed there are thousands of bullet-ridden bodies buried in unmarked graves in Jammu and Kashmir. Of the 2730 bodies uncovered in 4 of the 14 districts, 574 bodies were identified as missing locals in contrast to the Indian governments insistence that all the graves belong to foreign militants.[77][78]

text: Military forces in Jammu and Kashmir operate under impunity and emergency powers granted to them by the central government. These powers allow the military to curtail civil liberties, creating further support for the insurgency.[79][80]

text: The insurgents have also abused human rights, engaging in what some have called an ethnic cleansing by exterminating Kashmiri Pandits from the valley of Kashmir.[81] The government's inability to protect the people from both its own troops and the insurgency has further eroded support for the government.[82]

text: Amnesty International accused security forces of exploiting the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) that enables them to "hold prisoners without trial". The group argues that the law, which allows security to detain individuals for as many as two years "without presenting charges, violating prisoners’ human rights".[83] The Army sources maintain that "any move to revoke AFSPA in Jammu and Kashmir would be detrimental to the security of the Valley and would provide a boost to the terrorists."[84]

text: Former Indian Army Chief General V. K. Singh rejected the accusations that the action was not taken in the cases of human rights violations by Army personnel. On 24 October 2010, he has said that 104 Army personnel had been punished in Jammu and Kashmir in this regard, including 39 officers. He also said that 95% of the allegations of human rights abuses against Indian Army were proved to be false, of which he remarked, had apparently been made with the "ulterior motive of maligning the armed forces".[85] However, according to Human Rights Watch, the military courts in India, in general, were proved to be incompetent to deal with cases of serious human rights abuses and were responsible in covering up evidence and protecting the involved officers.[86] Amnesty International in its report in 2015, titled “Denied”-Failures in Accountability in Jammu and Kashmir, says, "...with respect to investigations, an inquiry that is conducted by the same authority accused of the crime raises serious questions about the independence and impartiality of those proceedings”, adding that according to the international law, an independent authority that is not involved in the alleged violations has to investigate such crimes.[87]

text: These human rights violations are said to have contributed to the rise of resistance in Kashmir.[88][89][90]

text: Other reasons

text: Psychological

text: Psychologist Waheeda Khan, explaining the rebellious nature of the Kashmiris, says that because of the tense situations in the valley from 1990s, the generation gap between parents and young generations has increased. Young generations tend to blame their parents for failing to do anything about the political situation. So they start experimenting with their own aggressive ways to show their curbed feelings and would go against any authority. A prominent psychiatrist of the valley, Margoob, described that children/teenagers are much more vulnerable to passionate actions and reactions, since the young minds are yet to completely develop psychological mechanisms. When they assume that they are "pushed against the wall", they get controlled by the emotions without bothering about the consequences. Also young people easily identify themselves with the "group" rather than with their individual identities. It leads to psychological distress which causes antisocial behaviour and aggressive attitude. Often, this situation gets worsened by the availability of weapons and people becoming familiar to violence after having exposed to conflict for so long. Waheeda Khan remarks, the major concern is that generations of children who are experiencing long-term violence in their lives, may reach adulthood perceiving that violence is a fair means of solving ethinic, religious, or political differences.[91]

text: Economic

text: High unemployment and lack of economic opportunities in Kashmir are also said to have intensified the struggle.[92][93][94]

text: Stone pelting

text: Since the 2008 protests and 2010 unrest, the turmoil has taken a new dimension when people, particularly youngsters of the Kashmir valley have started pelting stones on security forces to express their aggression and protest for the loss of freedom. In turn they get attacked by the armed personnel with pellets, rubber bullets, sling shots and tear gas shells. This leads to eye-injuries and several other kind of injuries to many people. Security forces also face injuries, and sometimes get beaten up during these events. According to Waheeda Khan, most of the 'stone-pelters' are school and college going students. Large number of these people get arrested during these events for allegedly resorting to stone pelting, after which some of them are also tortured. According to political activist Mannan Bukhari, Kashmiris made stone, an easily accessible and defenseless weapon, their weapon of choice for protest.[95][96]

text: Kashmiri senior journalist Parvaiz Bukhari remarked:[96][97]

text: The summer of 2010 witnessed a convulsion in the world’s most militarized zone, the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir, an unprecedented and deadly civil unrest that is beginning to change a few things on the ground. [...] Little known and relatively anonymous resistance activists emerged, organizing an unarmed agitation more fierce than the armed rebellion against Indian rule two decades earlier. And apparently aware of the post 9/11 world, young Kashmiris, children of the conflict, made stones and rocks a weapon of choice against government armed forces, side-stepping the tag of a terrorist movement linked with Pakistan. The unrest represents a conscious transition to an unarmed mass movement, one that poses a moral challenge to New Delhi’s military domination over the region.

text: Human rights violations by militants

text: Further information: Human rights abuses by insurgents and Rape by militants

text: Islamic separatist militants are accused of violence against the Kashmir populace.[98][99][100] They continue serious human rights violations: summary executions, rape, and torture. In the effort to curb support for pro-independence militants, Indian security forces have resorted to arbitrary arrest and collective punishments of entire neighbourhoods, tactics which have only led to further disaffection from India. The militants have kidnapped and killed civil servants and suspected informers.[101] Human Rights Watch alleged that thousands of civilian Kashmiri Hindus have been killed over the past 10 years by Islamic militants organisations or Muslim mobs.[82] The militants committed war rape during the 1980s.[102] Tens of thousands of Kashmiri Pandits have emigrated as a result of the violence. Estimates of the displaced varies from 170,000 to 700,000. Thousands of Kasmiri Pandits had to move to Jammu because of militancy.[103]

text: Notable terrorist attacks in J&K

text:
July and August 1989 – 3 CRPF personnel and politician Mohd. Yusuf Halwai of NC/F were killed.[104]
1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed daughter of the then Home Minister of India Mufti Sayeed.
1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Jammu and Kashmir – Six foreign trekkers from Anantnag district were kidnapped by Al Faran. One was beheaded later, one escaped, and the other four remain missing, presumably killed.
1997 Sangrampora massacre – On 22 March 1997, seven Kashmiri Pandits were killed in Sangrampora village in the Budgam district.[105]
Wandhama massacre – In January 1998, 24 Kashmiri Pandits living in the village of Wandhama were massacred by Pakistani militants. According to the testimony of one of the survivors, the militants dressed themselves as officers of the Indian Army, entered their houses and then started firing blindly. The incident was significant because it coincided with former US president Bill Clinton's visit to India and New Delhi used the massacre to present a case against the alleged Pakistan-supported terrorism in Kashmir.[106]
1998 Prankote massacre – 26 Hindu villagers of Udhampur district were killed by militants.
1998 Champanari massacre – 25 Hindu villagers killed on 19 June 1998 by Islamic militants.
2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre – 30 Hindu pilgrims massacred by militants.
Chittisinghpura massacre – 36 Sikhs massacred by LET militants.
2001 terrorist attack on Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly – On 1 October 2001, a bombing at the Legislative Assembly in Srinagar killed 38.[107]
2002 Raghunath temple attacks – First attack occurred on 30 March 2002 when two suicide bombers attacked the temple. Eleven persons including three security forces personnel were killed and 20 were injured. In second attack, the fidayeen suicide squad attacked the temple second time on 24 November 2002 when two suicide bombers stormed the temple and killed fourteen devotees and injured 45 others.
2002 Qasim Nagar massacre – On 13 July 2002, armed militants believed to be a part of the Lashkar-e-Toiba threw hand grenades at the Qasim Nagar market in Srinagar and then fired on civilians standing nearby killing 27 and injuring many more.[108]
2003 Nadimarg Massacre – 24 Hindus killed in Nadimarg, Kashmir on 23 March 2003 by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants.
20 July 2005 Srinagar Bombing – A car bomb exploded near an armoured Indian Army vehicle in the famous Church Lane area in Srinagar killing 4 Indian Army personnel, one civilian and the suicide bomber. Militant group Hizbul Mujahideen, claimed responsibility for the attack.[109]
Budshah Chowk attack – A militant attack on 29 July 2005 at Srinigar's city centre, Budshah Chowk, killed 2 and left more than 17 people injured. Most of those injured were media journalists.[110]
Assassination of Ghulam Nabi Lone – On 18 October 2005, suspected Kashmiri militants killed Jammu and Kashmir's then education minister Ghulam Nabi Lone. Militant group called Al Mansurin claimed responsibility for the attack.[111] Abdul Ghani Lone, a prominent All Party Hurriyat Conference leader, was assassinated by unidentified gunmen during a memorial rally in Srinagar. The assassination resulted in wide-scale demonstrations against the Indian forces for failing to provide enough security cover for Lone.[108]
2006 Doda massacre – On 3 May 2006, militants massacred 35 Hindus in Doda and Udhampur districts in Jammu and Kashmir.[112]
On 12 June 2006, one person was killed and 31 were wounded when terrorists hurled three grenades on Vaishnodevi shrine-bound buses at the general bus stand.[113]
2014 Kashmir Valley attacks – There were four attacks on 5 December 2014 on army, police and civilians resulted in 21 deaths and several injured. Their motive was to disrupt the ongoing assembly elections.[114]
2016 Uri attack – Four armed terrorists sneaked into an army camp and lobbed grenades onto tents causing massive fire culminating in the death of 19 military personnel.

text: Tactics

text: India

text: Over time the Indian government has increasingly relied on military presence to control the insurgency.[56] The military has committed human rights violations.[115] The government would often dissolve assemblies, arrest elected politicians and impose president's rule. The government also rigged elections in 1987.[28] In recent times there have been signs that the government is taking local elections more seriously.[116] The government has also funneled development aid to Kashmir and Kashmir has now become the biggest per capita receiver of Federal aid.[117]

text: Pakistan

text: The Pakistani central government originally supported, trained and armed the insurgency in Kashmir,[18][19][19][20][21][118] sometimes known as "ultras" (extremists),[119][120] however after groups linked to the Kashmiri insurgency twice attempted to assassinate president Pervez Musharraf, Musharraf decided to end support for such groups.[45] His successor, Asif Ali Zardari has continued the policy, calling insurgents in Kashmir "terrorists".[51]

text: But the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence hasn't followed the lead of the government and has continued its support for insurgent groups in Kashmir[51][52][53] although Pakistani support for the insurgency has certainly waned.[56]

text: Insurgents

text: Since around 2000 the 'insurgency' has become far less violent and has instead taken on the form of protests and marches.[67] Certain groups have also chosen to lay down their arms and look for a peaceful resolution to the conflict.[121]

text: Groups

text: The different insurgent groups have different aims in Kashmir. Some want complete independence from both India and Pakistan, others want unification with Pakistan and still others just want greater autonomy from the Indian government.[122]

text: A 2010 survey found that 43% in J&K and 44% in AJK would favour complete independence from both India and Pakistan, with support for the independence movement unevenly distributed across the region.[123][124]

text: Identity

text: Over the last two years, the militant group, Lashkar-e-Toiba has split into two factions: Al Mansurin and Al Nasirin. Another new group reported to have emerged is the "Save Kashmir Movement". Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (formerly known as Harkat-ul-Ansar) and Lashkar-e-Toiba are believed to be operating from Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and Muridke, Pakistan respectively.[citation needed]

text: Other less well known groups are the Freedom Force and Farzandan-e-Milat. A smaller group, Al-Badr, has been active in Kashmir for many years and is still believed to be functioning. All Parties Hurriyat Conference, an organisation that uses moderate means to press for the rights of the Kashmiris, is often considered as the mediator between New Delhi and insurgent groups.[citation needed]

text: Al-Qaeda

text: It is unclear if Al Qaeda has a presence in Jammu and Kashmir. Donald Rumsfeld suggested that they were active[125] and in 2002 the SAS hunted for Osama bin Laden in Jammu and Kashmir.[126] Al Qaeda claims that it has established a base in Jammu and Kashmir.[127] However, there has been no evidence for any of these assertions.[125][126][127] The Indian army also claims that there is no evidence of Al Qaeda presence in Jammu and Kashmir.[128] Al Qaeda has established bases in Pakistani administered Kashmir and some, including Robert Gates have suggested that they have helped to plan attacks in India.[128][129][130]

text: Casualties

text: According to Sumantra Bose in his book, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, around 40000 (Indian estimates) to 80000 (Hurriyat estimates) civilians, separatist guerilla fighters and Indian security personnel died from the time period of 1989 to 2002 in both Kashmir Valley and Jammu . More than 4600 security personnel, 13500 civilians and 15937 militants including 3000 from outside Jammu and Kashmir (mostly Pakistanis and some Afghans) were killed in this fourteen-year period. Also in this period, 55,538 incidents of violence were recorded. Indian forces engaged in counter insurgency operations captured around 40,000 firearms, 150,000 explosive devices, and over 6 million rounds of assorted ammunition.[131] Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society posits a figure of 70,000 deaths, most of them civilians killed by Indian forces.[132]


document_title: Palm Trees in the Snow

question_text: where was the movie palm trees in the snow filmed

text: Palm Trees in the Snow

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kilian is a young man from the mountains of Huesca who, in 1954, returns to the island of Fernando Pó (present Bioko), where he was born. He joins his father Antón and his brother Jacobo. As a family they are some of the Spanish colonialists who raise cocoa.

text: In 2003, Clarence discovers a hidden letter that reveals a hint about her father Jacobo's and uncle Kilian's past and sets out to discover what was concealed behind that journey to the former Spanish Guinea.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Mario Casas as Kilian
Adriana Ugarte as Clarence
Macarena García as Julia
Alain Hernández as Jacobo
Laia Costa as Daniela
Emilio Gutiérrez Caba as Antón
Berta Vázquez (es) as Bisila
Daniel Grao as Manuel
Fernando Cayo as Garuz
Celso Bugallo as older Kilian
Petra Martínez as older Julia

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot in the Canary Islands, Huesca and Colombia.[3]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards
Category
Nominated
Result

III Premios Feroz
Best Original Soundtrack
Lucas Vidal
Nominated

30th Goya Awards
Best Art Direction
Antón Laguna
Won

Best Production Supervision
Toni Novella
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Lolés García Galeán
Nominated

Best Makeup and Hairstyles
Alicia López, Karmele Soler, Manolo García and Pedro de Diego
Nominated

Best Original Song
"Palmeras en la nieve" by Lucas Vidal and Pablo Alborán
Won


document_title: Love It or List It

question_text: who wins more often on love it or list it

text: Love It or List It

text: Format[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Every episode of Love It or List It follows the same formula. A couple (usually, but not in all cases) presents their living situation in the current house that they own. In most episodes, the couple is split on whether or not they want to stay in the house.

text: Interior designer Hilary Farr and real estate agent David Visentin tour the couple's home before meeting with them. The tour usually consists of David finding mostly negative things to say about the residence while Hilary is convinced that she can work magic with whatever plans she is given.

text: At the meetup between the couple and the hosts of the show, both Hilary and David are briefed as to what the couple's desires are. Hilary is given a list of renovations the couple wants for the current house and her budget for the entire project. David, meanwhile, is tasked with searching for a new home for the couple that both meets their needs and stays within their desired budget.

text: Common challenges faced by Hilary are an inadequate budget to complete the entire request list from the homeowners, often due to discovery of unforeseen issues with the house that are uncovered during the renovation such as lack of compliance with modern building codes. Common issues for David, meanwhile, depend on the homeowners' desires; for instance, the couple has children enrolled in the neighborhood school and they do not desire to change, or the potential house is too distant from family members or a workplace.

text: After Hilary's renovation is complete, the homeowners are given a tour of their current home to see what she was able to accomplish. After the tour, David meets with them and hands them an evaluation of the home's current market value following the renovations. He will then remind the couple what they could have in one of the new homes they looked at and that they would not get that in their current home.

text: The homeowners then meet with Hilary and David, who pose a question to them: The homeowners must choose either to "Love It," meaning that they will continue to live in their current home with the renovations, or to "List It," meaning that they will buy one of the homes David showed them and sell their current home.  At this stage, all else being equal Hilary is at a theoretical disadvantage: Although Hilary's renovations increase the attractiveness of her "Love It" option by improving the current home's livability, they simultaneously increase the attractiveness of David's "List It" option by increasing the current home's resale value and thereby decreasing the net cost of acquiring any given new home that he proposes.  By contrast, David's efforts to maximize the attractiveness of his "List It" option do not provide Hilary any offsetting benefit increasing the attractiveness of her "Love It" option.  Despite this disadvantage, as of the end of Season 9 Hilary leads by an overall tally of 90 "Love Its" against 64 "List Its."[3]

text: After a moment to deliberate, the homeowners reveal their decision and explain their reasoning to Hilary and David.  If the homeowners decide to "List It," Hilary generally reacts with equanimity and expresses a desire for their best interest, whereas if they decide to "Love It," David frequently reacts with incredulity, questioning their reasoning and/or giving at least the impression of taking their decision personally.  The parties then bid each other farewell, with closing footage of Hilary and David continuing to react and occasionally continuing their bout of one-upmanship.

text: Host and crew[edit]

text: Hosts

text:
Hilary Farr – Hilary Farr is a home designer from Toronto, Ontario.  She has lived in Australia, England, California, and New York City. Farr honed her skills on properties in Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, New York and Toronto. When she first moved back to Toronto, she became the first designer to "stage" properties for sale. She continues to build and design homes in the downtown core where she herself owns properties.[4]
David Visentin – David Visentin is a real estate agent in Southern Ontario with Country Living Realty Limited.  He has been practicing since 1987.[5]

text: Assistant Designer

text: Desta Ostapyk (Canadian episodes) – Desta is a Toronto-based designer who graduated in 2004 from the Toronto International Academy of Design and Technology in Interior Design, and has since focused on a career in the Television Industry. She first started working with Big Coat Productions during her last semester of school as an intern for HGTV's hit series My Parents House. She soon became the Design Stylist for the show.[6]

text: Contractors

text:
Eric Eremita (North Carolina episodes) – General contractor and designer Eric Eremita was selected to be the one and only general contractor on HGTV's "Love It or List It" U.S. version, after HGTV network took notice of him when he competed in its "Brother vs. Brother" reality show.
Eddie Richardson (Canadian episodes) – Eddie Richardson was a contractor on Love It or List It who started his own family business.  Richardson has also been a pro-beach volleyball player and professional bass fisherman.
Fergus McLaren (Canadian episodes) – Fergus McLaren started up his own construction company, R-Mac Solutions, 10 years ago.

text: Behind the Scenes

text:
Architect: Simon West
Senior Production Coordinator: Linda Johnstone
Construction Coordinator: David Violante
Construction Assistants: Chris Blinn, Adam Dalgarno, Ahren Mrowietz, Dale George
Design Coordinator: Kaaveh Shoman

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season

Start date

End date

Episodes

Hilary wins

David wins

1

September 8, 2008

January 5, 2009

12

9

3

2

April 6, 2009

December 7, 2009

18

10

8

3

May 3, 2010

November 8, 2010

21

9

12

4

March 14, 2011

November 11, 2011

19

12

7

5

February 20, 2012

November 19, 2012

18

10

8

6

January 19, 2013

July 1, 2013

14

8

6

7

January 8, 2014

April 9, 2014

14

11

3

8

September 8, 2014

January 19, 2015

16

8

8

9

March 9, 2015

December 7, 2015

22

13

9

Total

154

90

64

text: Victories for Hilary are families or clients who decided to love their home and stay. Victories for David are families and clients who decided to list and move into a new or better home.

text: Franchise[edit]

text: Love It or List It has spawned five spinoffs. The first,[7] known as Love It or List It Vancouver (or Love it or List it Too in the US), was launched in winter 2012 and is hosted by Jillian Harris and Todd Talbot. The second spin-off, a British version known as Love It or List It UK, debuted in 2015,[8] is hosted by Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer. The third spin off, Love It or List It Vacation Homes[9] debuted in spring 2016 and is hosted by Dan Vickery and Elisa Goldhawke. A fourth spin off, Vendre ou renover au Quebec debuted in January 2017 and is hosted by Maika Desnoyers and Daniel Corbin.[10] The fifth spin off, Love It Or List It Australia, debuted in September 2017 and is hosted by Andrew Winter and Neale Whittaker.[11]

text: International syndication[edit]

text:
Country / Region

Name

Television Network

Dubbing / Subtitles

Australia

Love It or List It

Lifestyle Home

N/A

Canada

Love It or List It

W Network

N/A

USA

Love It or List It

HGTV[12]

N/A

Spain

Tu casa a juicio

Divinity

Spanish

Brazil

Ame-a ou Deixe-a

Discovery Home & Health

Portuguese

Norway

Bolighjelpen

TV 2 (Norway)

Norwegian

Bulgaria

Podnovi ili proday

Fox Life (Bulgaria)

Bulgarian

Italy

Prendere o lasciare

Cielo

dubbed in Italian

Poland

Pokochaj lub sprzedaj Vancouver

WP

lector

text: Reception[edit]

text: On August 31, 2010, Love It or List It was nominated for two Gemini Awards: Best Reality Program or Series and Best Direction in a Reality Program or Series. When HGTV premiered the show on the network, the company stated that Love It or List It has been the highest rating reality series since Candice Olson's Candice Tells All.[13]

text: In 2012, New York Times' columnist Gail Collins noted that it was US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's favorite TV show.[14][15] According to Collins, Clinton finds the show "very calming"[16] after being interviewed about her departure from politics.[17][18][19]

text: In a 2013 interview with Las Vegas Magazine, Vanna White from Wheel of Fortune said it was one of her favourite HGTV programs.[20] Actress Julianne Moore also gave similar praise for the show in an interview with Katie Couric and the Daily Mail.[21][22]

text: According to the Wall Street Journal, the show and its Vancouver spinoff is one of Canada's beloved reality series.[23]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In April 2016, homeowners Deanna Murphy and Tim Sullivan who had participated in a 2015 Love It or List It episode filed suit against production company Big Coat TV, as well as the North Carolina contractor (Aaron Fitz Construction)[24] who had been hired by the show to do the renovations on their home. The couple alleges that the renovation funds that they provided were not properly disbursed, and that the work on their home was done to a substandard quality.[25] Moreover, the lawsuit states that the television personalities on the show do not play an active role in the renovation process, and that they were not shown homes on the market by any licensed North Carolina real estate agent. Big Coat TV has commented that they "do intend to vigorously defend what [they] consider to be false allegations."[26]

text: The suit was settled in April 2017.[27] The plaintiffs had signed a confidentiality agreement; their lawyer would not comment on the settlement.[28] Big Coat had previously filed a countersuit for libel, slander and product disparagement; parts of that suit had been dismissed by the time of the settlement but that was under appeal by Big Coat. After the agreements had been concluded, both suits were dismissed.[29]


document_title: Good Witch (TV series)

question_text: who plays abigail father in the good witch

text: Good Witch (TV series)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired18February 28, 2015 (2015-02-28)April 18, 2015 (2015-04-18)Halloween/Something WickedOctober 24, 2015 (2015-10-24)210April 17, 2016 (2016-04-17)June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)Secrets of Grey HouseOctober 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)310April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)SpellboundOctober 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)410April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)

text: As with the previous seven TV movies, the series continues the spirited life of newly widowed Cassie Nightingale, the good-hearted enchantress of Middleton, United States, with her now-teenage daughter Grace. When new neighbors, the Radfords, move in next door, they become suspicious of Cassie and her daughter.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Catherine Bell as Cassandra "Cassie" Nightingale: She is the owner of a shop called Bell, Book & Candle and runs a bed and breakfast at Grey House. In the first season, Cassie develops a friendship with Middleton's newest resident and neighbor, Sam Radford, and tries to move on from the loss of Jake with her long time friend, Ryan Elliot. However, both Cassie and Sam slowly begin to realize their romantic feelings for each other. Eventually, Cassie and Sam become a couple and by the end of the third season, they are engaged.
Bailee Madison as Grace Russell: Cassie's teenage daughter who has her own "intuitive charm". Grace meets Nick Radford, a new resident that has arrived in Middleton. She initially tries to ignore him but gradually becomes his friend, even though, occasionally, he gets her into trouble. In the second season, she tries to gain her driver's license and has Sam teach her, while she is struggling to move on from the loss of her father. In the third season, Grace briefly questions her true feelings for Nick, but later forms a relationship with his friend, Noah while she is struggling to accept the newfound romantic relationship between Cassie and Sam.
James Denton as Dr. Sam Radford: Cassie's handsome neighbor and the town's new doctor. He is fairly wealthy from his experiences as a New York trauma surgeon, owner of his own private practice, on multiple hospital boards, and other activities. He has a hard time adjusting to Middleton in the beginning, but slowly opens up to the town while also beginning a close friendship with Cassie. In the first season, he dates Stephanie, but they eventually break up as he slowly begins to realize his true feelings towards Cassie. Sam admits his feelings at the start of the second season and begins to pursue Cassie, but faces trouble due to Linda's interference and the arrival of Cassie's old friend John. In the beginning of the third season, Sam and Cassie become  a couple and later become engaged after he proposes in the third-season finale.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Rhys Matthew Bond as Nick Radford: Sam's troublesome son. Upon arriving in Middleton, he refuses to accept his new home and constantly wishes to go back to New York. In the first season, he repeatedly gets into trouble such as stealing a school statue or lying to his father. Eventually, Nick slowly begins to realize his mistakes while trying to form a friendship with Grace. In the second season, he becomes a nicer person and doesn't get into any trouble anymore, but still faces some problems within his family. In the third season, Nick begins a romantic relationship with Grace's friend, Courtney until in the season finale, he reveals his decision to break up, resulting in a falling out between him and Grace.
Dan Jeannotte as Brandon Russell: Cassie's stepson, who married Tara in the seventh movie and is a police officer like his father.
Noah Cappe as Derek Sanders: Middleton's chief of police, whom Mayor Martha Tinsdale appointed after Cassie's husband died.
Catherine Disher as Martha Tinsdale: The Mayor of Middleton. Since the previous Good Witch movie, Martha has been the Mayor of Middleton and is always making certain that parties and festivals are going exactly according to plan and turn out perfectly. Martha's goal is to help Middleton grow and not to be overlooked by the rival town of Blairsville. Despite their rocky upstart, Martha is also close and good friends with Cassie, always appreciating everything Cassie has done for the town.
Peter MacNeill as George O'Hanrahan: the father-in-law of Cassie's late husband and grandfather of Brandon and Lori; Grace refers to him as "Grandpa" as well.
Kylee Evans as Stephanie Borden: the owner of a local bistro and a close friend of Cassie. She never wants to be single and becomes attracted to new men that arrive in town. In the first season, she is smitten with the new doctor, Sam and starts to pursue him. They briefly form a relationship, but eventually break up due to their differences and the slight interference of Abigail. In the second season, Stephanie works on starting a catering business while also beginning a new romantic relationship with local handyman Ben. Stephanie is also known to have a bad habit of making assumptions regarding romantic relationships such as believing that Cassie had romantic feelings for Ryan and John and later when she assumed that Nick had feelings for Grace.
Jefferson Brown as Ben who has a construction business and dates Stephanie.
Gabrielle Miller as Linda Wallace: Sam's ex-wife and Nick's mother. Linda moves to Middleton to be closer to Nick as she tries to get her family back together, including trying to reconcile with Sam. However, Linda begins to interfere in Sam's life and quickly becomes jealous of his close and growing relationship with Cassie and starts to come between them. She tries to have everything her own way and never seems to listen to others or accept responsibilities for her own mistakes or true motives. Eventually, Linda moves back to New York for her career and to give Nick more space to grow.
Sarah Power as Abigail Pershing: Cassie's cousin. She has her own magical touch similar to Cassie, but uses it in her own way. Abigail is known to cause a bit of trouble to others, but they eventually help in the least expected way. Abigail originally worked for an Ad Agency in New York, but decided to leave to be closer to the family. Upon returning to Middleton, Abigail causes some problems such as helping Grace rebel and interfering in Stephanie and Sam's relationship. She begins working for Stephanie in the bistro, but in the beginning of the second season, she opens her own flower shop. In the third season, Abigail becomes jealous of Cassie and tries to learn of her own purpose of what she can bring to the community of Middleton.
Dan Payne as John Dover: Cassie's former college friend. He arrives in Middleton, during the second season, for a teaching job and renews his interest in dating her.
Paul Miller as Tom Tinsdale: Martha's husband. He was previously mayor of Middleton.
Hannah Endicott-Douglas as Lori Russell: Cassie's stepdaughter, who is now a writer.
Anthony Lemke as Ryan Elliot: a realtor and Cassie's friend, although he secretly harbors romantic feelings for her. Prior to the beginning of show, he was engaged, but his fiancée Annie instead married his former best friend, resulting in Ryan being deeply hurt and betrayed. Eventually, Ryan admits his feelings for Cassie and tries to begin a romantic relationship. They form a brief relationship but they break up as Ryan moves away to Chicago to begin a new job he received while Cassie begins to realize her true feelings for Sam. Season 1 only.
Shane Harte as Anthony: Grace's best friend (season 1)
Art Hindle as Arthur: Abigail's estranged father (season 4)
Sebastian Pigott as Phil Sturgis: a Grey House guest and creator of a high-tech dating app, who begins dating Abigail (season 4)

text: Production[edit]

text: The series is filmed in Toronto, Ontario primarily at Cinespace Film Studios' Kipling Avenue facility.

text: As producer Orly Adelson was president of ITV Studios America in 2014, ITV agreed to become the franchise's TV series distributor outside of North America.[1]

text: Home media[edit]

text: On October 13, 2015, Hallmark released the first season of Good Witch on DVD. Its packaging contains two discs.[5] On October 11, 2016, Hallmark released the second season of Good Witch on DVD. Its packaging contains three discs, including the Halloween special, "Good Witch Halloween".[6] The series is available internationally on Netflix.