document_title: Republic Day (India)

question_text: where is the national flag hoisted on 26 january

text: Republic Day (India)

text: History of Republic Day[edit]

text: India achieved independence from British raj on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful non-violent resistance and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations).[2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947.[3] The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later, it came into effect throughout the whole nation.

text: Celebrations[edit]

text: The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.

text: In 2016, on the occasion of the 67th Republic Day, the Protocol Department of the Government of Maharashtra held its first parade on the lines of the Delhi Republic Day parade along the entire stretch of Marine Drive in Mumbai.

text: Delhi Republic Day parade[edit]

text: Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi. Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.

text: Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.[4]

text: Beating Retreat[edit]

text: The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.

text: The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[5][6][7]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Buildings on Raisina Hill including Rashtrapati Bhavan, lit up during Republic Day 2008.

Surya Kiran Aerobatics Team displaying tricolor.

Border Security Force personnel on Republic Day.

text: Republic Day parade chief guest[edit]

text: Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. During 1950–1954, Republic Day celebrations were organised at different venues (like Irwin Stadium, Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Grounds). It was only starting 1955 when the parade in its present form was organised at Rajpath.[8] The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests. During 1950s–1970s, a number of NAM and Eastern Bloc countries were hosted by India. In 1968 and 1974, India played host to two countries on the same Republic Day.

text:
Year
Guest name
Country
Note

1950
President Sukarno[9]
 Indonesia

1951
King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah[10]
   Nepal

1952

1953

1954
King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck[11]
 Bhutan

1955
Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad[12]
 Pakistan
First guest for parade at Rajpath [13]

1956
Chancellor of the Exchequer R. A. Butler
 United Kingdom

Two guests[14]

Chief Justice Kōtarō Tanaka
 Japan

1957
Minister of Defence Georgy Zhukov [15]
 Soviet Union

1958
Marshall Ye Jianying[16]
 China

1959
Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip [17][18][19]
 United Kingdom
2nd invitation

1960
Chairman Kliment Voroshilov[20]
 Soviet Union
2nd invitation

1961
Queen Elizabeth II[21]
 United Kingdom
3rd invitation

1962
Prime Minister Viggo Kampmann[22]
 Denmark
Note[1]

1963
King Norodom Sihanouk[23]
 Cambodia

1964
Chief of Defence Staff Lord Louis Mountbatten [24]
 United Kingdom
4th invitation

1965
Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid
 Pakistan
2nd invitation

1966

1967
King Mohammed Zahir Shah [25]
 Afghanistan
Note[2]

1968
Chairman Alexei Kosygin
 Soviet Union
3rd invitation
Two guests[26]

President Josip Broz Tito
 Yugoslavia

1969
Prime Minister Todor Zhivkov[27]
 Bulgaria

1970
King of the Belgians Baudouin[28][29]
 Belgium
Attended only the Beating Retreat

1971
President Julius Nyerere[30]
 Tanzania

1972
Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam [31]
 Mauritius

1973
President Mobutu Sese Seko[32]
 Zaire

1974
President Josip Broz Tito
 Yugoslavia
2nd invitation
Two guests [33]

Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike
 Sri Lanka

1975
President Kenneth Kaunda[34]
 Zambia

1976
Prime Minister Jacques Chirac[35]
 France

1977
First Secretary Edward Gierek[36]
 Poland

1978
President Patrick Hillery[37]
 Ireland

1979
Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser[38]
 Australia

1980
President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
 France
2nd invitation

1981
President Jose Lopez Portillo[39]
 Mexico

1982
King Juan Carlos I[40]
 Spain

1983
President Shehu Shagari[41]
 Nigeria

1984
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[42]
 Bhutan
2nd invitation

1985
President Raúl Alfonsín[43]
 Argentina

1986
Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou[44]
 Greece

1987
President Alan Garcia[45]
 Peru

1988
President J. R. Jayewardene[46]
 Sri Lanka
2nd invitation

1989
General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh[47]
 Vietnam

1990
Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth[48]
 Mauritius
2nd invitation

1991
President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom[49]
 Maldives

1992
President Mário Soares[49]
 Portugal

1993
Prime Minister John Major[49]
 United Kingdom
5th invitation

1994
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong[49]
 Singapore

1995
President Nelson Mandela[50]
 South Africa

1996
President Fernando Henrique Cardoso[49]
 Brazil

1997
Prime Minister Basdeo Panday[49]
 Trinidad and Tobago

1998
President Jacques Chirac[49]
 France
3rd invitation

1999
King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev[49]
   Nepal
2nd invitation

2000
President Olusegun Obasanjo[49]
 Nigeria
2nd invitation

2001
President Abdelaziz Bouteflika[49]
 Algeria

2002
President Cassam Uteem[49]
 Mauritius
3rd invitation

2003
President Mohammed Khatami[49]
 Iran

2004
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva [49]
 Brazil
2nd invitation

2005
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[49]
 Bhutan
3rd invitation

2006
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud[49]
 Saudi Arabia

2007
President Vladimir Putin[49]
 Russia
4th invitation

2008
President Nicolas Sarkozy[49]
 France
4th invitation

2009
President Nursultan Nazarbayev[49]
 Kazakhstan

2010
President Lee Myung Bak[51]
 South Korea

2011
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[52][53]
 Indonesia
2nd invitation

2012
Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra[54]
 Thailand

2013
King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck[55]
 Bhutan
4th invitation

2014
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe[56]
 Japan
2nd invitation

2015
President Barack Obama[57]
 United States

2016
President François Hollande
 France
5th invitation[58]

2017
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan[59]
 United Arab Emirates

2018
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
 Brunei

Ten guests (Heads of ASEAN states)[60]

Prime Minister Hun Sen
 Cambodia
2nd invitation

President Joko Widodo
 Indonesia
3rd invitation

Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith
 Laos

Prime Minister Najib Razak
 Malaysia

President Htin Kyaw
 Myanmar

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte
 Philippines

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
 Singapore
2nd invitation

Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha
 Thailand
2nd invitation

Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
 Vietnam
2nd invitation

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: Gotham (TV series)

question_text: when did season 3 of gotham come out on netflix

root

text: Gotham (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Avg. viewers
(in millions)

1
22
September 22, 2014 (2014-09-22)
May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)
68
7.56[16]

2
22
September 21, 2015 (2015-09-21)
May 23, 2016 (2016-05-23)
89
5.37[17]

3
22
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
100
4.52[18]

4
TBA
September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
TBA
TBA
TBA

tag: table

text: In the first season, James Gordon, a new recruit in the Gotham City Police Department is paired with veteran detective Harvey Bullock to solve the murders of Thomas and Martha Wayne. Gordon meets the Waynes' son Bruce who is now in the care of his butler Alfred Pennyworth. In addition, he also encounters gang member Oswald Cobblepot, forensics worker Edward Nygma, street orphans Selina Kyle and Pamela "Ivy" Pepper, assistant district attorney Harvey Dent, and medical doctor Leslie Thompkins. Gordon becomes involved with Gotham's crime families including gangster Fish Mooney and crime lords Carmine Falcone and Salvatore Maroni.[8]

tag: p

text: In the second season, Gordon deals with a series of events that are being orchestrated by Theo Galavan and his sister Tabitha as part of a plan to take over Gotham as the new Mayor of Gotham City and exacting revenge against the Wayne Family. After Galavan is murdered in his run for mayor, the Gotham City Police Department deals with the actions of Victor Fries. The enigmatic Hugo Strange and his assistant Ethel Peabody conduct a series of bizarre experiments underneath Arkham Asylum in the underground Indian Hill facility that is secretly owned by Wayne Enterprises and overseen by the Court of Owls.

text: In the third season taking place six months later, Gordon has become a bounty hunter as he works to track down Indian Hill experiments that escaped as well as a revived Fish Mooney. While planning to get Leslie Thompkins back, he also encounters Carmine Falcone's son Mario Calvi as well as hypnotist Jervis Tetch who arrives to look for his sister Alice where she possesses poisonous blood that drives many crazy in various ways. Meanwhile, Ivy is aged up to an adult woman following an encounter with one of Fish Mooney's Indian Hill followers and Jerome Valeska is revived to resume his previous vendetta against the city. Gordon has to deal with the Court of Owls working on behalf of Ra's al Ghul and the League of Shadows, Penguin and Ivy teaming up to form an army, and Edward Nygma embraces his new identity as "The Riddler".

text: In the fourth season, Bruce Wayne is a masked vigilante, patrolling Gotham's streets at night, wearing dark clothes and a hooded black balaclava. Cobblepot begins a campaign to dominate the city's underworld by profiting off licensed crime, Nygma finds his mental faculties diminished as a side-effect of having been flash-frozen, Jonathan Crane is seen embracing his role as the Scarecrow, the League of Shadows begin their next plot involving an ancient embalming knife, and Butch Gilzean seemingly returns from the dead as Solomon Grundy.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Ben McKenzie as James Gordon – In September 2013, it was reported that Fox was developing a TV series centred on James Gordon's early days as a police detective and the origin stories of various Batman villains.[19] In February 2014, McKenzie was cast as the lead character.[20] When describing his character in an interview, McKenzie stated that Gordon "is a truly honest man. The last honest man in a city full of crooked people. He's not an anti-hero, he's a true hero – but he will have to compromise."[21]
Donal Logue as Harvey Bullock – In early 2014, it was announced that Logue was cast as Harvey Bullock, a character who serves as James Gordon's ethically conflicted and compromised partner in the GCPD.[22]
David Mazouz as Bruce Wayne – In March 2014, Mazouz was cast as Bruce Wayne.[23] When discussing his character, Mazouz stated that "you never got to explore what Bruce Wayne was going through or his grieving process or what his anger makes him do. At this point in his life, he's angry, he's scared, he's compulsive, and he's lonely. He's looking for any meaning to his parents' death. You'll see the things that he'll do to himself and to other people while he's grieving, and you'll see how he becomes a regular kid again."[24]
Zabryna Guevara as Sarah Essen – In February 2014, Guevara was confirmed for the series. Descriptions revealed her character to be a police captain at the GCPD and James Gordon's direct superior.[25][26]
Sean Pertwee as Alfred Pennyworth – In February 2014, Pertwee was cast as Alfred Pennyworth in the series.[25][26] Pertwee's character takes inspiration from the Earth One iteration of Alfred Pennyworth.[27]
Robin Lord Taylor as Oswald Cobblepot / Penguin – In February 2014, Taylor was cast as Oswald Cobblepot, an intelligent low-level thug who used to work for Fish Mooney.[25][26]
Erin Richards as Barbara Kean – In February 2014, Richards was confirmed to have been cast in the show. Richards portrays James Gordon's fiancee, Barbara Kean, though their relationship deteriorates over the course of the season.[25][26] She renews a past romantic relationship with Renee Montoya.[28]
Camren Bicondova as Selina "Cat" Kyle – In March 2014, Bicondova was confirmed to have joined the show's cast.[23] According to Bicondova, "The main word that I can think of to characterize Selina is that she's just surviving. She's very mischievous and very challenging to play at times, because she feels emotions but she hides them. I realized that she isn't just a street thief and a survivor; she's actually a normal girl."[29]
Cory Michael Smith as Edward Nygma / Riddler – Smith joined the cast in April 2014.[30][31] In May 2014, Smith was promoted to a series regular.[32][33] "What I love about the character's history is how diverse it is", says Smith. "When I was auditioning for Gotham, I got a handful of comics from different decades, so I had a perspective—it's been around for 75 years, which is a long time. I wanted to see an evolution of the comics—and of the character. Going from this quite innocent, well-intentioned, joyful person to starting to find this other part of him that he didn't know he had. He's a person who's constantly abused, and it's out of anger and exhaustion, and then realizing that when you start taking control of situations like that, you can gain power that way—it'll be something that he can start to enjoy."[34][35]
Victoria Cartagena as Renee Montoya – Cartagena joined the series in May 2014, but she was not a regular in season 2.[33][36]
Andrew Stewart-Jones as Crispus Allen – Stewart-Jones joined the series in May 2014, but he was not a regular in season 2.[33][36]
John Doman as Carmine Falcone – Doman first appeared in the series pilot as Carmine Falcone, a mob boss with ties to James Gordon's father.[37] Doman continued to appear throughout the season.
Jada Pinkett Smith as Fish Mooney – Smith was cast as Fish Mooney in February 2014.[38] She appeared throughout the season until her character was seemingly killed in the show's Season 1 finale after being dropped off the side of a tall building by Penguin.[39] When asked if her character will return in future seasons, Smith replied, "If she survives the fall. I signed for a year. I don't think any of us really thought that Fish would have the life that she's had or be one of the favorite characters on the show. She was there to service a purpose, as far as helping to tell Penguin's story. I'm a smart girl. I understood I was there to service Penguin. If she survives, I would definitely be willing to do whatever was necessary to continue servicing the story of Gotham."[40] In January 2016 it was announced that Smith would be reprising the role for the second half of season 2.[41]
Morena Baccarin as Leslie "Lee" Thompkins – Morena Baccarin was cast in October 2014.[42] Baccarin was promoted to a series regular for the second season, after recurring in the first season.[43]
James Frain as Theo Galavan / Azrael – In June 2015, Frain was announced as a series regular for season two.[44]
Jessica Lucas as Tabitha Galavan – In June 2015, Lucas was announced as series regular for season two.[44]
Chris Chalk as Lucius Fox – In March 2015, Chalk was announced as Lucius Fox,[45] and was promoted to a series regular for the second season.[46]
Drew Powell as Butch Gilzean / Cyrus Gold / Solomon Grundy[47] – Fish Mooney's right-hand man and mob enforcer. Victor Zsasz later "worked on" Butch, causing him to obey Oswald Cobblepot's every command, although this was later undone by Tabitha Galavan. Powell was promoted to a series regular for the second season.[48]
Nicholas D'Agosto as Harvey Dent – In July 2014, it was announced that Harvey Dent would appear in the show.[49] D'Agosto was revealed to portray Harvey Dent in October 2014,[50] and was promoted to a series regular for the second season.[51]
Michael Chiklis as Nathaniel Barnes / The Executioner[52] – In July 2015, Chiklis was announced as a series regular for season two as Captain Nathaniel Barnes.[53]
Maggie Geha as Ivy "Pamela" Pepper – The character was portrayed by Clare Foley as a recurring character. Starting with the second episode of season three, she was promoted to series regular with the role recast.[54][55]
Benedict Samuel as Jervis Tetch / Mad Hatter – In August 2016, Samuel was announced as a series regular for season 3. He is described as a psychotic hypnotist with a steadfast desire to find his missing sister Alice.[56]
Alexander Siddig as Ra's al Ghul – The powerful head of the League of Assassins with a keen eye on Bruce Wayne. In March 2017, Siddig was announced to portray Ra's in the season 3 finale[57]before being upgraded to a series regular for season 4.[58]
Crystal Reed as Sofia Falcone – The daughter of Carmine Falcone who is returning to Gotham to help Gordon take down the Penguin.[59] Reed was announced to portray Sofia Falcone and upgraded to a series regular for season 4.[58]

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Initially, Heller said he was hesitant about doing a series about superheroes, telling website Digital Spy that "I don't really know how to write about people with super powers".[60] Further elaborating to Entertainment Weekly that "I don't think Batman works very well on TV",[61] adding that "Frankly, all those superhero stories I've seen, I always love them until they get into the costume",[61] noting that at that point "they've stopped becoming humans."[61] It was Heller's son who suggested that the focus of the series be Commissioner Gordon from which Heller then further developed into the idea of Gordon being the investigator who investigated Bruce Wayne's parents' murder an idea he says that "gave us a starting point and allowed us to tell the saga from a much earlier point than before".[60]

text: On September 24, 2013, Fox announced that it had bypassed the traditional pilot phase and placed a straight-to-series order for Gotham, to be written and executive produced by Heller.[62] Gotham received a series order from Fox on May 5, 2014,[63] with the first season reported to consist of 16 episodes, rather than the standard 13 or 22.[64] On January 17, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season.[65]

text: Fox's Chairman of Entertainment Kevin Reilly stated, "We were only contractually obligated to order 13, and we ordered 16, because we think that's the way that show, at least in its first iteration, will be very strong to arc to. Could we do more next season? We certainly could, but that’s where we're starting with that one. That show is going to have a very strong, serialized element."[66] On October 13, Fox ordered an additional six episodes for the show, bringing the first season order to a full 22 episodes.[67]

text: Speaking of the project at the 2014 winter TCA press tour, Reilly described the series as "this operatic soap that has a slightly larger-than-life quality. This is not some adjunct companion series. This is the Batman franchise, just backing it up [in chronology]."[68] He later added that the series is separate from any DC film universe.[69] As part of a settlement with his heirs, Gotham and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice were the first productions by DC that credited Bill Finger as co-creator of Batman.[70]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In January 2014, rumors arose that Donal Logue would portray Gordon in the series. Logue denied these rumors via Twitter.[71] Logue was eventually cast as Harvey Bullock.[72]

text: In February 2014, Ben McKenzie was cast as James Gordon.[73] McKenzie had shot a previous pilot with Heller for CBS, which led to Heller writing his characterization of Gordon with Mckenzie in mind.[74] Casting Bruce Wayne was challenging in part because, as Heller put it "It's such an important casting and it would've been very dangerous to cast the wrong person" adding that the casting process for Wayne "took a lot of negotiation, a lot of back and forth so that everyone was happy and comfortable."[60] In early March 2014, David Mazouz was cast as Bruce Wayne while Camren Bicondova was cast as Selina Kyle.[75] At the 2014 Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo, DC's Jim Cunningham said that Renee Montoya would be a character on the show.[76]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In February 2014, it was reported that production would begin in New York City in March.[72] Filming for the first season finished on March 24, 2015.[77]

text: Music[edit]

text: In July 2014, it was announced that Graeme Revell would be the composer for the series.[78]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered on Nine Network in Australia on October 12.[79] In Canada, it is shown in simulcast on CTV and reran on M3.[80] In New Zealand, it premiered on TV2 on September 28.[81] In the United Kingdom, it premiered on Channel 5 on October 13.[82] The channel also screen the second season but after failing to screen the third season it was announced in August 2017 that the season would premiere exclusively on DVD and BluRay and be on Netflix from September 1.[83] In Ireland, it premiered on RTÉ2 on 26 January 2015.[84]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The pilot was screened at the Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment panel at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2014.[85]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In September 2014, Warner Bros. sold the series' worldwide video on demand rights to Netflix.[86] The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 8, 2015.[87]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In early October 2014, market research firm Survata polled more than 1,400 viewers to determine that Gotham was the major TV premiere, out of 24, that viewers were most interested to watch that year.[88]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Monday 8:00 pm
22
September 22, 2014 (2014-09-22)
8.21[89]
May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)
4.93[90]
2014–15
68
7.56
2.8[91]

2
22
September 21, 2015 (2015-09-21)
4.57[92]
May 23, 2016 (2016-05-23)
3.62[93]
2015–16
89
5.37
2.0[94]

3
22
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
3.90[95]
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
3.03[96]
2016–17
100
4.52
1.6[97]

4
Thursday 8:00 pm
TBA
September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
3.21[98]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: In Australia, the first and second episodes received 1.24 million and 896,000 viewers, respectively.[99] The timeshifted broadcasts were watched by 1.43 and 1.03 million, respectively.[100] The Canadian debut got 3.38 million viewers, making it the second most-watched telecast of the night and week.[101] The UK premiere was watched by 3.20 million viewers. The airings on the 1-hour and 24-hour timeshift channels were watched by 597,000 and 142,000 viewers, respectively.[102] In New Zealand, it was the most-watched program on the network, with 278,540 viewers.[103] The time shifted version was watched by 39,580 viewers.[104]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Rotten Tomatoes ratings per season

Season 1
Season 2
Season 3

Rating
80%[105]
81%[106]
89%[107]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Season 1 of Gotham received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the season a rating of 80% based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. The site's consensus states, "High production values, a talented cast, and an appealingly stylized approach to the Batman mythos help Gotham overcome its occasionally familiar themes."[105] Metacritic gives the season a score of 71 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[108]

text: David Hinckley of the New York Daily News praised the first episode for playing "like a 45-minute movie, with stunning visuals that never feel like a shrunken TV version of the Batman films against which it will inevitably be measured" and lauded Logue's Harvey Bullock as a scene-stealer.[109] The San Jose Mercury News' Chuck Barney called the pilot "a fun, dark, moody and well-paced first hour" and McKenzie's James Gordon a commanding lead, while saying Jada Pinkett Smith is "an absolute blast to watch."[110] Matt Brennan of Indiewire said that Gotham was "the perfect antidote to superhero fatigue", praising the "bright, pop-inflected aesthetic, with urban backdrops that appear as though cut out from the panels of a comic book."[111]

text: Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly criticized the first half of season one along with the mid-season premiere. He found the personalities of the most characters "already nearly fully formed; all they can become is more or less than what they already are." Jensen added that Gordon not being Gotham's redeemer hurt the premise of the show and heavily criticized what he saw as the under-use of Jada Pinkett Smith's character. In the end, he does not see Gotham "as a show for comic book fanboys" but rather as "a post-fanboy, or fanboy-irrelevant."[112] Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club lamented that "there have been dozens of interpretations of Batman and his city in the 75 years since their creation, and Gotham has trouble finding the right balance of influences".[113]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: The second season of Gotham received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the season has a rating of 81% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While still tonally uneven in season two, Gotham is back with a renewed focus, moving away from disjointed case-of-the-week plots into a darker, more stable serialized story."[106] Metacritic gives the season a score of 62 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[114]

text: Season 3[edit]

text: The third season of Gotham received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 84% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10.[107]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.

2014
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Most Exciting New Series
Gotham
Won
[115]

2015
American Society of Cinematographers
Episode of a Regular Series
Christopher Norr
"Spirit of the Goat"
Nominated
[116]
[117]

Television Movie, Miniseries or Pilot
David Stockton
"Pilot"
Nominated

Art Directors Guild
One-hour period or fantasy single-camera television series
Doug Kraner
"Pilot," "Selina Kyle," "Arkham"
Nominated
[118]
[119]

Gracie Awards
Outstanding Drama
Gotham
Won
[120]

Motion Picture Sound Editors
TV Short Form Music Score
Ashley Revell
"Lovecraft"
Nominated
[121]
[122]

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Jada Pinkett Smith
Nominated
[123]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite New TV Drama
Gotham
Nominated
[124]
[125]

Favorite Actor In A New TV Series
Benjamin McKenzie
Nominated

Favorite Actress In A New TV Series
Jada Pinkett Smith
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Superhero Adaptation Television Series
Gotham
Nominated
[126]

Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series
Camren Bicondova
Nominated

Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)
Doug Kraner
"Pilot"
Nominated
[127]

Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series or Movie
Lisa Padovani
"Under the Knife"
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series
George Haddad
"All Happy Families Are Alike"
Nominated

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role
Thomas Joseph Mahoney
"Lovecraft"
Nominated

2016
People's Choice Awards
Favorite TV Drama
Gotham
Nominated
[128]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Show: Drama
Gotham
Nominated
[129]
[130]

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Benjamin McKenzie
Nominated

Choice TV: Villain
Cameron Monaghan
Nominated

Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series
Crescenzo Giacomo Notarile
"Azrael"
Nominated
[131]

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series
George Haddad
"Azrael"
Nominated

Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Drama Series, Limited Series, or Movie
Norman Douglass
Nominated

2017
Saturn Awards
Best Superhero Adaptation Television Series
Gotham
Nominated
[132]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Action Show
Gotham
Nominated
[133]

Choice TV: Villain
Cory Michael Smith
Nominated
[134]

Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series
George Haddad
"Destiny Calling"
Nominated
[135]

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role
Thomas Joseph Mahoney
"Heavydirtysoul"
Won

Outstanding Stunt Coordination for a Drama Series, Limited Series, or Movie
Norman Douglass
Nominated

text: Other media[edit]

text: Comic books[edit]

text: On February 1, 2016, Fox began airing episodes of a five-part motion comic titled Gotham Stories, meant to tie into the series' second season.[136][137]

text: Novels[edit]

text: On January 31, 2017, the first Gotham tie-in novel was published by Titan. Dawn of Darkness by Jason Starr is described as an "official prequel" to the TV series, set two months prior to the beginning of the series.[138]


document_title: Trophic level

question_text: which type of organism produces food in an ecosystem

text: Trophic level

text: Overview[edit]

text: The three basic ways in which organisms get food are as producers, consumers and decomposers.

text:
Producers (autotrophs) are typically plants or algae. Plants and algae do not usually eat other organisms, but pull nutrients from the soil or the ocean and manufacture their own food using photosynthesis. For this reason, they are called primary producers. In this way, it is energy from the sun that usually powers the base of the food chain.[2] An exception occurs in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems, where there is no sunlight. Here primary producers manufacture food through a process called chemosynthesis.[3]
Consumers (heterotrophs) are species that cannot manufacture their own food and need to consume other organisms. Animals that eat primary producers (like plants) are called herbivores. Animals that eat other animals are called carnivores, and animals that eat both plant and other animals are called omnivores.
Decomposers (detritivores) break down dead plant and animal material and wastes and release it again as energy and nutrients into the ecosystem for recycling. Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi (mushrooms), feed on waste and dead matter, converting it into inorganic chemicals that can be recycled as mineral nutrients for plants to use again.

text: Trophic levels can be represented by numbers, starting at level 1 with plants. Further trophic levels are numbered subsequently according to how far the organism is along the food chain.

text:
Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called primary producers.
Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers.
Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers.
Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers.
Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain.

text:
Second trophic level
Rabbits eat plants at the first trophic level, so they are primary consumers.

Third trophic level
Foxes eat rabbits at the second trophic level, so they are secondary consumers.

Fourth trophic level
Golden eagles eat foxes at the third trophic level, so they are tertiary consumers.

Decomposers
The fungi on this tree feed on dead matter, converting it back to nutrients that primary producers can use.

text: In real world ecosystems, there is more than one food chain for most organisms, since most organisms eat more than one kind of food or are eaten by more than one type of predator. A diagram that sets out the intricate network of intersecting and overlapping food chains for an ecosystem is called its food web.[4] Decomposers are often left off food webs, but if included, they mark the end of a food chain.[4] Thus food chains start with primary producers and end with decay and decomposers. Since decomposers recycle nutrients, leaving them so they can be reused by primary producers, they are sometimes regarded as occupying their own trophic level.[5][6]

text: Biomass transfer efficiency[edit]

text: In general, each trophic level relates to the one below it by absorbing some of the energy it consumes, and in this way can be regarded as resting on, or supported by, the next lower trophic level. Food chains can be diagrammed to illustrate the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to the next in a food chain. This is called an energy pyramid. The energy transferred between levels can also be thought of as approximating to a transfer in biomass, so energy pyramids can also be viewed as biomass pyramids, picturing the amount of biomass that results at higher levels from biomass consumed at lower levels.

text: The efficiency with which energy or biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next is called the ecological efficiency. Consumers at each level convert on average only about 10% of the chemical energy in their food to their own organic tissue (the ten-percent law). For this reason, food chains rarely extend for more than 5 or 6 levels. At the lowest trophic level (the bottom of the food chain), plants convert about 1% of the sunlight they receive into chemical energy. It follows from this that the total energy originally present in the incident sunlight that is finally embodied in a tertiary consumer is about 0.001%[5]

text: Evolution of trophic levels[edit]

text: Both the number of trophic levels and the complexity of relationships between them evolve as life diversifies through time, the exception being intermittent mass extinction events.[7]

text: Fractional trophic levels[edit]

text: Food webs largely define ecosystems, and the trophic levels define the position of organisms within the webs. But these trophic levels are not always simple integers, because organisms often feed at more than one trophic level.[8][9] For example, some carnivores also eat plants, and some plants are carnivores. A large carnivore may eat both smaller carnivores and herbivores; the bobcat eats rabbits, but the mountain lion eats both bobcats and rabbits. Animals can also eat each other; the bullfrog eats crayfish and crayfish eat young bullfrogs. The feeding habits of a juvenile animal, and, as a consequence, its trophic level, can change as it grows up.

text: The fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly sets the values of trophic levels to one in plants and detritus, two in herbivores and detritivores (primary consumers), three in secondary consumers, and so on. The definition of the trophic level, TL, for any consumer species is:[6]

text:
where

T

L

j

{\displaystyle TL_{j}}

 is the fractional trophic level of the prey j, and

D

C

i
j

{\displaystyle DC_{ij}}

 represents the fraction of j in the diet of i.

text: In the case of marine ecosystems, the trophic level of most fish and other marine consumers takes value between 2.0 and 5.0. The upper value, 5.0, is unusual, even for large fish,[10] though it occurs in apex predators of marine mammals, such as polar bears and killer whales.[11]

text: In addition to observational studies of animal behavior, and quantification of animal stomach contents, trophic level can be quantified through stable isotope analysis of animal tissues such as muscle, skin, hair, bone collagen. This is because there is a consistent increase in the nitrogen isotopic composition at each trophic level caused by fractionations that occur with the synthesis of biomolecules; the magnitude of this increase in nitrogen isotopic composition is approximately 3–4‰.[12][non-primary source needed]

text: Mean trophic level[edit]

text: In fisheries, the mean trophic level for the fisheries catch across an entire area or ecosystem is calculated for year y as:

text:
where

Y

i
y

{\displaystyle Y_{iy}}

 is the catch of the species or group i in year y, and

T

L

i

{\displaystyle TL_{i}}

 is the trophic level for species i as defined above.[6]

text: Fish at higher trophic levels usually have a higher economic value, which can result in overfishing at the higher trophic levels. Earlier reports found precipitous declines in mean trophic level of fisheries catch, in a process known as fishing down the food web.[13] However, more recent work finds no relation between economic value and trophic level;[14] and that mean trophic levels in catches, surveys and stock assessments have not in fact declined, suggesting that fishing down the food web is not a global phenomenon.[15] However Pauly et al. note that trophic levels peaked at 3.4 in 1970 in the northwest and west-central Atlantic, followed by a subsequent decline to 2.9 in 1994. They report a shift away from long-lived, piscivorous, high-trophic-level bottom fishes, such as cod and haddock, to short-lived, planktivorous, low-trophic-level invertebrates (e.g., shrimps) and small, pelagic fish (e.g., herrings). This shift from high-trophic-level fishes to low-trophic-level invertebrates and fishes is a response to changes in the relative abundance of the preferred catch. They argue this is part of the global fishery collapse.[11][16]

text: FiB index[edit]

text: Since biomass transfer efficiencies are only about 10%, it follows that the rate of biological production is much greater at lower trophic levels than it is at higher levels. Fisheries catches, at least to begin with, will tend to increase as the trophic level declines. At this point the fisheries will target species lower in the food web.[16] In 2000, this led Pauly and others to construct a "Fisheries in Balance" index, usually called the FiB index.[17] The FiB index is defined, for any year y, by[6]

text:
where

Y

y

{\displaystyle Y_{y}}

 is the catch at year y,

T
L

y

{\displaystyle {TL}_{y}}

 is the mean trophic level of the catch at year y,

Y

0

{\displaystyle Y_{0}}

 is the catch,

T
L

0

{\displaystyle {TL}_{0}}

 the mean trophic level of the catch at the start of the series being analyzed, and

T
E

{\displaystyle TE}

 is the transfer efficiency of biomass or energy between trophic levels.

text: The FiB index is stable (zero) over periods of time when changes in trophic levels are matched by appropriate changes in the catch in the opposite direction. The index increases if catches increase for any reason, e.g. higher fish biomass, or geographic expansion.[6] Such decreases explain the “backward-bending” plots of trophic level versus catch originally observed by Pauly and others in 1998.[16]

text: Tritrophic and other interactions[edit]

text: One aspect of trophic levels is called tritrophic interaction. Ecologists often restrict their research to two trophic levels as a way of simplifying the analysis; however, this can be misleading if tritrophic interactions (such as plant–herbivore–predator) are not easily understood by simply adding pairwise interactions (plant–herbivore plus herbivore–predator, for example). Significant interactions can occur between the first trophic level (plant) and the third trophic level (a predator) in determining herbivore population growth, for example. Simple genetic changes may yield morphological variants in plants that then differ in their resistance to herbivores because of the effects of the plant architecture on enemies of the herbivore.[18] Plants can also develop defenses against herbivores such as chemical defenses.[19]

text: Examples[edit]

text: Depending on the nature of the species the precise trophic level of the species may be somewhat ambiguous and its precise value may vary depending on the source. Virtually all plants as well as phytoplankton and similar organisms are classified at level 1.0. Most worms would be typically classified at level 2.1; a typical insect 2.2; a jellyfish 3.0; a typical bird 3.6; a typical small mammal 4.1.[20]

text: A 2013 study published in the National Academy of Sciences estimates the average trophic level of human beings at 2.21, similar to pigs or anchovy.[21] Of course this is only an average, and plainly both modern and ancient human eating habits are complex and vary greatly. For example, a traditional Eskimo living on a diet consisting primarily of seals would have a trophic level of nearly 5.[22]


document_title: Murder on the Orient Express

question_text: who was the murderer on the orient express spoiler

text: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Plot[edit]

text: After taking the Taurus Express from Aleppo in Syria to Istanbul, private detective Hercule Poirot arrives at the Tokatlian Hotel. There he receives a telegram prompting him to return to London. He instructs the concierge to book a first-class compartment on the Simplon-Orient Express, leaving that night. Although the train is fully booked, Poirot obtains a second-class berth, but only with the intervention of a friend and fellow Belgian who is also boarding the train, M. Bouc, a director of the railway, Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Aboard the train, a malevolent, elderly American, Samuel Ratchett, attempts to hire Poirot because he believes his life is threatened, but Poirot refuses out of distaste for the man.

text: In Belgrade, on the second night of the journey, two extra coaches are added to the train and M. Bouc he gives up his first-class compartment to Poirot and moves to a different coach himself. That compartment adjoins Ratchett’s. The train is stopped by a snowdrift near Vincovci (sic). Among the several events that disturb Poirot's sleep is a cry from Ratchett's compartment. The next morning, M. Bouc informs him that Ratchett has been murdered and asks Poirot to investigate.

text: When Poirot and Dr. Constantine examine Ratchett's compartment, Poirot finds a note with the words '-member little Daisy Armstrong' on it, which leads him to doubt Ratchett's identity. A few years before, three-year-old heiress Daisy Armstrong was kidnapped by a man named Lenfranco Cassetti, who collected a ransom and killed the child. Cassetti was caught but fled the country after he was acquitted on a technicality. Poirot concludes that Ratchett and Cassetti are one and the same.

text: Poirot proposes two possible solutions: either that a stranger boarded the train and murdered Cassetti, or that every one of the passengers, who had a connection to the Armstrongs, had all conspired to kill Cassetti together. The ostensible Mrs. Hubbard, in fact Daisy Armstrong's grandmother, the famous actress Linda Arden, confesses the truth of the second solution, yet M. Bouc and Dr. Constantine choose to present the first of the two to the Yugoslav police.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Times Literary Supplement of 11 January 1934 outlined the plot and concluded that "The little grey cells solve once more the seemingly insoluble. Mrs. Christie makes an improbable tale very real, and keeps her readers enthralled and guessing to the end."[8]

text: In The New York Times Book Review of 4 March 1934, Isaac Anderson wrote, "The great Belgian detective's guesses are more than shrewd; they are positively miraculous. Although both the murder plot and the solution verge upon the impossible, Agatha Christie has contrived to make them appear quite convincing for the time being, and what more than that can a mystery addict desire?"[9]

text: The reviewer in The Guardian of 12 January 1934 noted that the murder would have been "perfect" (i.e., a perfect crime) had Poirot not been on the train and also overheard a conversation between Miss Debenham and Colonel Arbuthnot before he boarded; however, "The 'little grey cells' worked admirably, and the solution surprised their owner as much as it may well surprise the reader, for the secret is well kept and the manner of the telling is in Mrs. Christie's usual admirable manner."[10]

text: Robert Barnard: "The best of the railway stories. The Orient Express, snowed up in Yugoslavia, provides the ideal 'closed' set-up for a classic-style exercise in detection, as well as an excuse for an international cast-list. Contains my favourite line in all Christie: 'Poor creature, she's a Swede.' Impeccably clued, with a clever use of the Cyrillic script (cf. The Double Clue). The solution raised the ire of Raymond Chandler, but won't bother anyone who doesn't insist his detective fiction mirror real-life crime."[11] The reference is to Chandler's criticism of Christie in his essay The Simple Art of Murder.

text: In December 2014, the novel was included in Entertainment Weekly's list of the Nine Great Christie Novels.[12]

text: References and allusions[edit]

text: The kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh's son in 1932 inspired that element in Christie’s novel two years later. An innocent, but perhaps loose-lipped, maid employed by Lindbergh's parents was suspected of involvement in the crime. After being harshly interrogated by police, she committed suicide.[13]

text: Two less notable events helped inspire her novel: Agatha Christie’s first journey on the Orient Express in late 1928, and a blizzard near Cherkeskoy, Turkey, that marooned an Orient Express for six days just a few months later, in February 1929.[13]

text: Flooding from rainfall that washed sections of track away in December 1931 halted Christie’s return from her husband's archaeological dig at Nineveh aboard an Orient Express for twenty four hours. Her authorised biography details that event in a complete quotation of a letter to her husband, which describes several passengers on her train who inspired both the plot and the characters in her novel, including an American Mrs. Hilton, who inspired Mrs. Hubbard.[14]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Radio[edit]

text: John Moffatt starred as Poirot in a five-part BBC Radio 4 adaptation by Michael Bakewell, directed by Enyd Williams, and originally broadcast from 28 December 1992 – 1 January 1993. André Maranne appeared as Bouc, Joss Ackland as Cassetti, Sylvia Syms as Mrs. Hubbard, Siân Phillips as Princess Dragomiroff, Francesca Annis as Mary Debenham, and Peter Polycarpou as Dr. Constantine.

text: In 2017, the streaming service Audible released another radio adaptation that featured Tom Conti as the voice of Poirot. The voice cast also featured Sophie Okonedo as Mary Debenham, Eddie Marsan as Cassetti, and narration from Art Malik.[15]

text: Film[edit]

text: Murder on the Orient Express (1974)[edit]

text: The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit and is now considered one of the best cinematic adaptations of Christie's work ever.[citation needed] The film starred Albert Finney as Poirot, Martin Balsam as M. Bianchi, George Coulouris as Dr. Constantine, and Richard Widmark as Ratchett/Cassetti, with the remaining cast suspects including Sean Connery (Arbuthnot), Lauren Bacall (Mrs. Hubbard), Anthony Perkins (McQueen), John Gielgud (Beddoes), Michael York (Count Andrenyi), Jean-Pierre Cassel (Pierre Michel), Jacqueline Bisset (Countess Andrenyi), Wendy Hiller (Princess Dragomiroff), Vanessa Redgrave (Mary Debenham), Rachel Roberts (Hildegard Schmidt), Colin Blakely (Hardman), Denis Quilley (Foscarelli), and Ingrid Bergman, who won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Greta Ohlsson. Only minor changes were made for the film: Masterman was renamed Beddoes, the dead maid was named Paulette instead of Susanne, Helena Goldenberg became Helena Grünwald (which is German for "Greenwood"), Antonio Foscarelli became Gino Foscarelli, Caroline Martha Hubbard became Harriet Belinda Hubbard, and the train line's Belgian/Flemish director, Monsieur Bouc, became instead an Italian director, Signor Bianchi.

text: Murder on the Orient Express (2017)[edit]

text: On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story,[16] which was released on 3 November 2017.[17] On 29 September 2016, the studio issued a press release announcing much of the cast, including Johnny Depp as Mr. Ratchett, Michelle Pfeiffer as Mrs. Hubbard, Penélope Cruz as Pilar Estravados (a Hispanic version of Greta Ohlsson, the name coming from a character in Hercule Poirot's Christmas),[18][19] Dame Judi Dench as Princess Dragomiroff, Sir Derek Jacobi as Masterman, Leslie Odom Jr. as Dr. Arbuthnot, Daisy Ridley as Mary Debenham, Lucy Boynton as Countess Andrenyi, Tom Bateman as M. Bouc,[20] Manuel Garcia-Rulfo as Biniamino Marquez (a Cuban version of Antonio Foscarelli),[21] Josh Gad as Hector MacQueen,[22] Marwan Kenzari as Pierre Michel,[23] Sergei Polunin as Count Andrenyi,[24][25] Willem Dafoe as Gerhard Hardman,[26] and Olivia Colman as Hildegarde Schmidt.[27] Greta Ohlsson is renamed to Pilar Estravados; the character of Colonel Arbuthnot is combined with Dr. Constantine to create Dr. Arbuthnot, a sniper who served under Colonel Armstrong in the war and had his medical school paid for by Armstrong; and M. Bouc is changed from the director of the line to the director's nephew. Added was a direct link for Poirot to the Armstrong kidnapping—before Sonia's death, John Armstrong wrote to Poirot for help. Also unlike the book, the kidnapping did not take place on Long Island but in New Jersey, where the Lindbergh Kidnapping took place. Susanne Michel is switched from Pierre Michel's daughter to his sister. Cyrus Hardman poses as an Austrian scientist for part of the film. The last scene also sets up the possibility of Death on the Nile as a sequel.

text: Television[edit]

text: Murder on the Orient Express (2001)[edit]

text: A thoroughly modernised and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001. This version co-starred Meredith Baxter as Mrs. Hubbard and Leslie Caron as the Princess Dragomiroff (renamed Señora Alvarado and portrayed as the widow of a South American dictator). Poirot is portrayed as significantly younger and less eccentric than Christie's detective, and is given a subplot involving a romantic relationship with Vera Rosakoff, who is loosely based on an infrequently recurring character of the same name. The story is updated to a contemporary setting, and four of the suspects (Hildegard Schmidt, Cyrus Hardman, Edward Masterman and Greta Ohlssohn) are deleted, as is Dr. Constantine.[28]

text: Agatha Christie's Poirot: "Murder on the Orient Express" (2010)[edit]

text: David Suchet reprised the role of Hercule Poirot in "Murder on the Orient Express" (2010), an 80-minute movie-length episode of the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot co-produced by ITV Studios and WGBH-TV, adapted for the screen by Stewart Harcourt. The original air date was 11 July 2010 in the United States, and it was aired on Christmas Day 2010 in the UK. The cast includes Dame Eileen Atkins as Princess Dragomiroff, Hugh Bonneville as Masterman, Jessica Chastain as Mary Debenham, Barbara Hershey as Mrs. Hubbard, Toby Jones as Cassetti, and David Morrissey as Colonel Arbuthnot. The character Cyrus Hardman (the former American police officer turned private detective) has been largely amalgamated with the chauffeur Foscarelli (in as much as regards being the lover of the dead maid) and Dr Constantine (who in the novel is unrelated to the murders) becomes a co-conspirator. The main difference from the novel is the additional element of Poirot's Catholicism being brought to the forefront, and his personal and religious struggle with whether to expose the murderers or let them off the hook.

text: The interior of the Orient Express was reproduced at Pinewood Studios in London, while other locations include the Freemason Hall, Nene Valley Railway, and a street in Malta (shot to represent Istanbul).[29]

text: Japanese TV adaptation (2015)[edit]

text: A Japanese adaptation was broadcast over two nights in January 2015 on Fuji Television.[30] The title was Orient Kyuukou Satsujin Jiken (オリエント急行殺人事件), and it featured several famous actors, including Ninomiya Kazunari (二宮和也), Matsushima Nanako (松嶋菜々子), Tamaki Hiroshi (玉木宏), Kichise Michiko (吉瀬美智子), Nishida Toshiyuki (西田敏行), and Sawamura Ikki (沢村一樹). The main character, Suguro Takeru (勝呂武尊), modeled on Hercule Poirot, was played by actor Nomura Mansai (野村萬斎).

text: The first night featured a storyline true to the original text, but set in Japan in 1933. In this version, the train was called Orient Kyuukou (オリエント急行), and ran from the western city of Shimonoseki (下関) to Tokyo (東京), with the train stopped by a small avalanche near Sekigahara (関ヶ原) in Gifu Prefecture(岐阜県).

text: The second night was an original story.

text: Computer game[edit]

text: The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment.

text: Publication history[edit]

text:
1934, Collins Crime Club (London), 1 January 1934, Hardcover, 256 pp.
1934, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1934, Hardcover, 302 pp.
c.1934, Lawrence E. Spivak, Abridged edition, 126 pp.
1940, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, (Pocket number 79), 246 pp.
1948, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 689), 222 pp.
1959, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 192 pp.
1965, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 253 pp. ISBN 0-7089-0188-3
1968, Greenway edition of collected works (William Collins), Hardcover, 254 pp.
1968, Greenway edition of collected works (Dodd Mead), Hardcover, 254 pp.
1978, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback
2006, Poirot Facsimile Edition (Facsimile of 1934 UK first edition), 4 September 2006, Hardcover, 256 pp. ISBN 0-00-723440-6
2011, William Morrow (HarperCollins), Paperback, 265 pp.

text: The story's first true publication was the US serialisation in six instalments in the Saturday Evening Post from 30 September to 4 November 1933 (Volume 206, Numbers 14 to 19). The title was Murder in the Calais Coach, and it was illustrated by William C. Hoople.[31]

text: The UK serialisation appeared after book publication, appearing in three instalments in the Grand Magazine, in March, April, and May 1934 (Issues 349 to 351). This version was abridged from the book version (losing some 25% of the text), was without chapter divisions, and named the Russian princess as Dragiloff instead of Dragomiroff. Advertisements in the back pages of the UK first editions of The Listerdale Mystery, Why Didn't They Ask Evans, and Parker Pyne Investigates claimed that Murder on the Orient Express had proven to be Christie's best-selling book to date and the best-selling book published in the Collins Crime Club series.


document_title: Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)

question_text: who plays the little girl in miracle on 34th street 1994

text: Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens with an elderly man (Richard Attenborough) sporting a Homburg, glasses, and a brown coat with a cane, walking on the street as his morning routine. As he stops at a crosswalk, a young boy named Ryan pleads to his grandfather, Judge Henry Harper, to "ask him". Henry, knowing that the man overheard Ryan, clears up the misunderstanding by saying that Ryan thinks he is Santa Claus. After an exchange of laughs, the elderly man surprises Ryan by saying, "I am." After he leaves, a dismayed and contented Ryan states that he "should have got his autograph".

text: On the same day, Cole's Department Store's special events director Dorey Walker (Elizabeth Perkins) fires Tony Falacchi from being the store's Santa after he gets drunk before taking part in the Thanksgiving parade. Immediately trying to find a replacement, she spots the elderly man from the film's opening who was berating the inebriated Tony before the parade. When Dorey begs him to take over, he introduces himself as Kris Kringle. He does so well in the parade that he is immediately hired to be the store's Santa for the holiday period.

text: All the children begin to believe that he is the real Santa, with the exception of Dorey's six-year-old daughter, Susan (Mara Wilson). Dorey's boyfriend and neighbor, Bryan Bedford (Dylan McDermott), does his best to convince Susan to believe. While being babysat one night by Kris, she shares her Christmas wish with him. She would like a dad, a house (used every year for the Cole's catalog photoshoot) and a baby brother. He asks if she would begin to believe in Santa if she got all those things. She agrees that she would.

text: Kris is credited with bringing in increasingly more sales to Cole's than previous years. One night, while walking home, a man tries to interrogate him, which angers and leads him to assault the former. These actions, however, lead him to be arrested. The man whom he assaulted is revealed to be Tony, who had apparently taken revenge by means of setting him up to be arrested with the help of staff and the administration of Shopper's Express, Cole's rival department store corporation.

text: With the help of Bryan, Dorey takes Kris' case to court, and drums up support for him from the public. In the courtroom where Judge Henry Harper presides, Bryan manages to bring witnesses to testify that Kris is Santa after meeting him at Cole's, but the prosecution presents a compelling case that Santa doesn't exist, leading Henry to confide in Bryan that he would be forced to rule against Kris.

text: Just as Henry is about to make his decision, Susan walks up to him with a Christmas card containing a $1 bill. On the back, the words "In God We Trust" are circled. He realizes that, since the U.S. Department of Treasury can put its official faith in God with no hard evidence, then the people can believe in Santa in the same way. Left with no choice, an elated Henry dismisses the case and declares that Santa is real, existing in the person of Kris.

text: Following the court case, Dorey and Bryan are maneuvered by Kris into realizing their true feelings for each other, and married in a very small ceremony right after the Christmas Eve Midnight Mass. On Christmas morning, Susan wakes to the news of the marriage and is elated to see that she has part one of her Christmas wish, Bryan as her new stepdad. Together, Susan, Dorey and Bryan drive out to the catalog house and upon arrival, find that Kris has arranged for them to purchase it, which they can now afford due to the size of the Christmas bonus Dorey has received as a result of Kris' work at Cole's. Susan, now having got two out of three of her wishes, excitedly runs in the house to look at her bedroom. Dorey and Bryan are about to kiss when Dorey asks her what the last part of her Christmas wish was, and she triumphantly announces that it was a baby brother. Dorey and Bryan both look at each other, shocked, before glancing down at Dorey's stomach and sharing a kiss. The film ends with the belief that Susan has now received all she asked for in her wish. It is then mentioned that Kris has gone overseas.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Richard Attenborough as Kris Kringle, said to be the real Santa Claus. He reluctantly takes on the duty as Cole's Santa after Tony Falacchi, the original drunk Santa, is terminated.
Elizabeth Perkins as Dorey Walker, the director of special events for Cole's, Susan's mother, and Bryan Bedford's girlfriend and neighbor.
Dylan McDermott as Bryan Bedford, Dorey's boyfriend and neighbor.
Mara Wilson as Susan Walker, Dorey's six-year-old daughter.
J. T. Walsh as Ed Collins, a lawyer
Simon Jones as Donald Shellhammer, the general manager of Coles, known for his departing phrase "Chin-Chin".
Joss Ackland as Victor Landberg, owner of Shopper's Express who is eager to see Cole's go out of business so he can buy it out and extend his market.
Jack McGee as Tony Falacchi, the drunk man who was fired from being the Cole's Santa.
James Remar as Jack Duff, an associate of Victor Landberg.
Jane Leeves as Alberta Leonard, another of Victor Landberg's associates.
William Windom as C. F. Cole, the chairman and owner of the Cole's corporation.
Robert Prosky as Judge Henry Harper, the city judge presiding over Kris' case. He has a grandson named Ryan who is seen thinking Kris is Santa in the first scene of the film.
Allison Janney as a brazen shopper at Cole's.

text: Release[edit]

text: At the box office, the film opened at #8 with $2,753,208[3] and eventually finished with $17,320,146 in North America and $46,264,384 worldwide.[1]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 56% based on reviews from 25 critics.[4] TV Guide called the film "curiously depressing",[5] while Desson Howe of The Washington Post claimed that, in contrast to the 1947 version, "[it] will not be found on television (or its computer equivalent) half a century from now."[6] Its supporters include Gene Siskel & Roger Ebert, who gave it "two thumbs up" on their show (the quote is also on the front of its home video release). Michael Medved of Sneak Previews said: "This is the new holiday classic America has been waiting for."


document_title: List of career achievements by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

question_text: kareem abdul jabbar most points in a single game

text: Awards[edit]

text: NBA achievements[edit]

text:
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 1995[1]
6-time NBA champion: 1971, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988

text: 10 NBA Finals appearances: 1971, 1974, 1980, 1982–1985, 1987–1989

text:
6-time NBA Most Valuable Player: 1971, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1980[2]
2-time scoring champion: 1971, 1972[3]
1-time rebounding leader: 1976
4-time blocks leader: 1975–1976, 1979–1980
1-time field goal percentage leader: 1977
19-time NBA All-Star: 1970–1977, 1979–1989[4]

Selected, but did not play due to personal reasons in 1973.

2-time NBA Finals Most Valuable Player: 1971, 1985[5]
15-time All-NBA selection:

text:
First Team: 1971–1974, 1976–1977, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1986[6][7]
Second Team: 1970, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1985[6][7]

text: 11-time All-Defensive selection:

text:
First Team: 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980, 1981[8][9]
Second Team: 1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1984[8][9]

text: NBA All-Rookie selection:

text: First Team: 1970[10][11]

text:
NBA Rookie of the Year: 1970[12]
6-time The Sporting News Most Valuable Player: 1971, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1980
Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year: 1985
Ranked #7 by SLAM Magazine's Top 50 Players of All-time[13]
Selected in 1996 as one of the "50 Greatest Players in NBA History"
Selected in 1996 as member of one of the "Top 10 Teams in NBA History"

text: 1986–87 Los Angeles Lakers (65–17; .793)

text: A statue of Abdul-Jabbar was unveiled in front of Staples Center on Chick Hearn Court in Los Angeles on November 16, 2012.

text: College[edit]

text:
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame (2007)
Three-time NCAA champion (1967, 1968, 1969)
Most Outstanding Player in NCAA Tournament (1967, 1968, 1969)
Player of the Year (1967, 1969)
Three-time First Team All-American (1967, 1968, 1969)
Naismith College Player of the Year (1969)
3× First-team All-Pac-8 (1967–1969)

text: NBA statistics[edit]

text:
†
Denotes seasons in which Abdul-Jabbar won an NBA Championship

Led the league

Bold
Denotes career highs

text:
GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 W-L
Games won-Games lost

 MIN
Minutes per game
 FG%
Field-goal percentage
 FT%
Free-throw percentage

 OFF
Offensive rebounds per game
 DEF
Defensive rebounds per game
 REB
Total rebounds per game

 AST
Assists per game
 STL
Steals per game
 BLK
Blocks per game

 TOV
Turnovers per game
 PF
Fouls per game
 PTS
Points per game

text: Averages[edit]

text:
Season
Age
Team
GP
GS
MIN
FG%
FT%
OFF
DEF
REB
AST
STL
BLK
TOV
PF
PTS

1969–70
22-23
Milwaukee
82

43.1
.518
.653

14.5
4.1

3.5
28.8

1970–71†
23-24
Milwaukee
82
82
40.1
.577
.690

16.0
3.3

3.2
31.7

1971–72
24-25
Milwaukee
81
81
44.2
.574
.689

16.6
4.6

2.9
34.8

1972–73
25-26
Milwaukee
76
76
42.8
.554
.713

16.1
5.0

2.7
30.2

1973–74
26-27
Milwaukee
81
81
43.8
.539
.702
3.5
11.0
14.5
4.8
1.4
3.5

2.9
27.0

1974–75
27-28
Milwaukee
65
64
42.3
.513
.763
3.0
11.0
14.0
4.1
1.0
3.3

3.2
30.0

1975–76
28-29
Los Angeles
82
82
41.2
.529
.703
3.3
13.5
16.9
5.0
1.5
4.1

3.6
27.7

1976–77
29-30
Los Angeles
82
82
36.8
.579
.701
3.2
10.0
13.3
3.9
1.2
3.2

3.2
26.2

1977–78
30-31
Los Angeles
62
62
36.5
.550
.783
3.0
9.9
12.9
4.3
1.7
3.0
3.4
2.9
25.8

1978–79
31-32
Los Angeles
80
80
39.5
.577
.736
2.6
10.2
12.8
5.4
1.0
4.0
3.5
2.9
23.8

1979–80†
32-33
Los Angeles
82
81
38.3
.604
.765
2.3
8.5
10.8
4.5
1.0
3.4
3.6
2.6
24.8

1980–81
33-34
Los Angeles
80
80
37.2
.574
.766
2.5
7.8
10.3
3.4
.7
2.9
3.1
3.1
26.2

1981–82†
34-35
Los Angeles
76
76
35.2
.579
.706
2.3
6.4
8.7
3.0
.8
2.7
3.0
2.9
23.9

1982–83
35-36
Los Angeles
79
79
32.3
.588
.749
2.1
5.4
7.5
2.5
.8
2.2
2.5
2.8
21.8

1983–84
36-37
Los Angeles
80
80
32.8
.578
.723
2.1
5.2
7.3
2.6
.7
1.8
2.8
2.6
21.5

1984–85†
37-38
Los Angeles
79
79
33.3
.599
.732
2.1
5.8
7.9
3.2
.8
2.1
2.5
3.0
22.0

1985–86
38-39
Los Angeles
79
79
33.3
.564
.765
1.7
4.4
6.1
3.5
.8
1.6
2.6
3.1
23.4

1986–87†
39-40
Los Angeles
78
78
31.3
.564
.714
1.9
4.8
6.7
2.6
.6
1.2
2.4
3.1
17.5

1987–88†
40-41
Los Angeles
80
80
28.9
.532
.762
1.5
4.5
6.0
1.7
.6
1.2
2.0
2.7
14.6

1988–89
41-42
Los Angeles
74
74
22.9
.475
.739
1.4
3.1
4.5
1.0
.5
1.1
1.3
2.6
10.1

Career
1,560

36.8
.559
.721
2.4
7.6
11.2
3.6
.9
2.6
2.7
3.0
24.6

Playoffs
237

37.3
.533
.740
2.6
6.5
10.5
3.2
1.0
2.4
2.6
3.4
24.3

All-Star
18
13
24.9
.493
.820
2.2
7.8
8.3
2.8
.4
2.1
2.5
3.2
13.9

text: Totals[edit]

text:
Season
Age
Team
GP
GS
W-L
MIN
FGM
FGA
FTM
FTA
OFF
DEF
REB
AST
STL
BLK
TOV
PF
PTS

1969–70
22-23
Milwaukee
82

56-26
3,534
938
1,810
485
743

1,190
337

283
2,361

1970–71†
23-24
Milwaukee
82
82
66-16
3,288
1,063
1,843
470
681

1,311
272

264
2,596

1971–72
24-25
Milwaukee
81
81
62-19
3,583
1,159
2,019
504
732

1,346
370

235
2,822

1972–73
25-26
Milwaukee
76
76
54-22
3,254
982
1,772
328
460

1,224
379

208
2,292

1973–74
26-27
Milwaukee
81
81
58-23
3,548
948
1,759
295
420
287
891
1,178
386
112
283

238
2,191

1974–75
27-28
Milwaukee
65
64
35-30
2,747
812
1,584
325
426
194
718
912
264
65
212

205
1,949

1975–76
28-29
Los Angeles
82
82
40-42
3,379
914
1,728
447
636
272
1,111
1,383
413
119
338

292
2,275

1976–77
29-30
Los Angeles
82
82
53-29
3,016
888
1,533
376
536
266
824
1,090
319
101
261

262
2,152

1977–78
30-31
Los Angeles
62
62
37-25
2,265
663
1,205
274
350
186
615
801
269
103
185
208
182
1,600

1978–79
31-32
Los Angeles
80
80
46-34
3,157
777
1,347
349
474
207
818
1,025
431
76
316
282
230
1,903

1979–80†
32-33
Los Angeles
82
81
60-22
3,143
835
1,383
364
476
190
696
886
371
81
280
297
216
2,034

1980–81
33-34
Los Angeles
80
80
52-28
2,976
836
1,457
423
552
197
624
821
272
59
228
249
244
2,095

1981–82†
34-35
Los Angeles
76
76
51-25
2,677
753
1,301
312
442
172
487
659
225
63
207
230
224
1,818

1982–83
35-36
Los Angeles
79
79
57-22
2,554
722
1,228
278
371
167
425
592
200
61
170
200
220
1,722

1983–84
36-37
Los Angeles
80
80
53-27
2,622
716
1,238
285
394
169
418
587
211
55
143
221
211
1,717

1984–85†
37-38
Los Angeles
79
79
60-19
2,630
723
1,207
289
395
162
460
622
249
63
162
197
238
1,735

1985–86
38-39
Los Angeles
79
79
61-18
2,629
755
1,338
336
439
133
345
478
280
67
130
203
248
1,846

1986–87†
39-40
Los Angeles
78
78
63-15
2,441
560
993
245
343
152
371
523
203
49
97
186
245
1,366

1987–88†
40-41
Los Angeles
80
80
60-20
2,308
480
903
205
269
118
360
478
135
48
92
159
216
1,165

1988–89
41-42
Los Angeles
74
74
50-24
1,695
313
659
122
165
103
231
334
74
38
85
95
196
748

Career
1,560

1,074-486
57,446
15,837
28,307
6,712
9,304
2,975
9,394
17,440
5,660
1,160
3,189
2,527
4,657
38,387

Playoffs
237

154-83
8,851
2,356
4,422
1,050
1,419
505
1,273
2,481
767
189
476
447
797
5,762

All-Star
18
13
9-9
449
105
213
41
50
33
84
149
51
6
31
28
57
251

text: Career highs[edit]

text: Regular season[edit]

text:
Stat
High
Opponent
Date

Points
55
vs. Boston Celtics
000000001971-12-10-0000December 10, 1971

Field goals made, no misses
11–11
vs. Phoenix Suns
000000001985-12-12-0000December 12, 1985

Field goals made
24 (2 OT)
vs. Houston Rockets
000000001973-01-25-0000January 25, 1973

Field goal attempts
39
at Los Angeles Lakers
000000001972-03-17-0000March 17, 1972

Free throws made
20
at Boston Celtics
000000001970-03-08-0000March 8, 1970

Free throw attempts
25
at Boston Celtics
000000001970-03-08-0000March 8, 1970

Rebounds
34
vs. Detroit Pistons
000000001975-12-14-0000December 14, 1975

Defensive rebounds
29
vs. Detroit Pistons
000000001975-12-14-0000December 14, 1975

Assists
14
at Seattle SuperSonics
000000001973-03-21-0000March 21, 1973

Minutes played
60 (4 OT)
at Cleveland Cavaliers
000000001980-01-29-0000January 29, 1980

text: Playoffs[edit]

text:
Stat
High
Opponent
Date

Points
46
vs. Philadelphia 76ers
000000001970-04-03-0000April 3, 1970

Field goals made
20
at Chicago Bulls
000000001974-04-18-0000April 18, 1974

Field goal attempts
37
vs. Los Angeles Lakers
000000001972-04-14-0000April 14, 1972

Free throws made
13
vs. Golden State Warriors
000000001977-04-29-0000April 29, 1977

Free throw attempts
18
vs. Golden State Warriors
000000001977-04-29-0000April 29, 1977

Rebounds
31
vs. New York Knicks
000000001970-04-17-0000April 17, 1970

Defensive rebounds
18
vs. Golden State Warriors
000000001977-05-04-0000May 4, 1977

Assists
11
at New York Knicks
000000001970-04-13-0000April 13, 1970

Steals
6
at Portland Trail Blazers
000000001985-05-05-0000May 5, 1985

Blocked shots
9
vs. Golden State Warriors
000000001977-04-22-0000April 22, 1977

text: 40-point games[edit]

text:
70 times in the regular season
55 with Milwaukee Bucks
15 with Los Angeles Lakers

text: 50-point games[edit]

text:
All of Abdul-Jabbar's 50-point efforts occurred while he played for the Milwaukee Bucks.
His career high as a Laker was 48 points against the Portland Trail Blazers on 000000001975-11-26-0000November 26, 1975.

text:
Points
Opponent
Home/Away
Date
Minutes
played
FGM
FGA
FTM
FTA
Rebounds
Assists

55
Boston Celtics
Home
000000001971-12-10-0000December 10, 1971
47
23
36
9
11
18
3

53
Cleveland Cavaliers
Away
000000001970-11-04-0000November 4, 1970
45
20
32
13
14
11
3

53
Boston Celtics
Away
000000001971-01-27-0000January 27, 1971
48
22
31
9
14
14
7

53
Cleveland Cavaliers
Away
000000001972-02-09-0000February 9, 1972
48
23
31
7
9
14
8

53
Philadelphia 76ers
Home
000000001972-02-18-0000February 18, 1972
48
18
28
17
22
13
9

52
Atlanta Hawks
Home
000000001975-01-02-0000January 2, 1975
43
18
29
16
20
10
1

51
Seattle SuperSonics
Neutral
000000001970-02-21-0000February 21, 1970
min
18
25
15
23
reb
ast

51
Boston Celtics
Away
000000001972-02-13-0000February 13, 1972
48
21
36
9
14
17
7

50
Los Angeles Lakers
Away
000000001972-03-17-0000March 17, 1972
46
22
39
6
8
8
2

50
Portland Trail Blazers
Home
000000001975-01-19-0000January 19, 1975
45
18
30
14
16
15
11

text: 30-rebound games[edit]

text: 3 times in the regular season

text:
Offensive
rebounds
Defensive
rebounds
Rebounds
Team
Opponent
Home/Away
Date

5
29
34
Los Angeles Lakers
Detroit Pistons
Home
000000001975-12-14-0000December 14, 1975

—
—
30
Milwaukee Bucks
Boston Celtics
Away
000000001971-02-28-0000February 28, 1971

7
23
30
Los Angeles Lakers
New Jersey Nets
Away
000000001978-02-03-0000February 3, 1978

text: Top shot-blocking efforts[edit]

text: Occurred in playoff competition

text:
Blocks
Opponent
Home/Away
Date
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists

11
Detroit Pistons
Away
000000001975-12-03-0000December 3, 1975
46
29
21
2

11
Detroit Pistons
Home
000000001978-11-28-0000November 28, 1978
43
27
16
4

11
Kansas City Kings
Home
000000001979-11-25-0000November 25, 1979
41
25
15
3

10 (OT)
Detroit Pistons
Home
000000001973-11-03-0000November 3, 1973
53
19
16
5

10 (OT)
Atlanta Hawks
Home
000000001975-11-02-0000November 2, 1975
49
39
23
5

10
Atlanta Hawks
Home
000000001980-01-18-0000January 18, 1980
39
28
15
2

10
Detroit Pistons
Home
000000001982-01-22-0000January 22, 1982
35
19
10
0

9
Phoenix Suns
Away
000000001973-10-12-0000October 12, 1973
39
18
17
2

9
Milwaukee Bucks
Away
000000001975-10-28-0000October 28, 1975
45
30
20
5

9
Portland Trail Blazers
Home
000000001975-12-26-0000December 26, 1975
46
41
20
3

9
Phoenix Suns
Home
000000001977-03-25-0000March 25, 1977
26
28
12
1

9
Golden State Warriors
Home
000000001977-04-22-0000April 22, 1977
40
40
19
3

9
New Orleans Jazz
Away
000000001978-03-29-0000March 29, 1978
48
34
16
6

9
Chicago Bulls
Away
000000001978-11-07-0000November 7, 1978
44
18
10
8

9
Indiana Pacers
Away
000000001978-11-08-0000November 8, 1978
40
25
13
8

text: NBA records and former records[edit]

text: Regular season[edit]

text: Service[edit]

text: Seasons: 20 (Milwaukee Bucks, 1969–70—1974–75; Los Angeles Lakers, 1975–76—1988–89)

text: Broken by Robert Parish in 1996–97

text: Games, career: 1,560

text: Broken by Robert Parish on April 6, 1996

text: Minutes, career: 57,446

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points, career: 38,387

text: Seasons scoring 2,000 or more points: 9 (1969–70—1973–74, 1975–76—1976–77, 1979–80—1980–81)

text: Broken by Michael Jordan and Karl Malone in 1997–98

text: Seasons scoring 1,000 or more points: 19 (1969–70—1987–88)

text: Consecutive games scoring 10 or more points: 787, December 4, 1977 to December 2, 1987

text: Broken by Michael Jordan on December 30, 1997

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Field goals made, career: 15,837

text: Field goal attempts, career: 28,307

text: Rebounding[edit]

text: Defensive rebounds, career: 9,394

text: Broken by Robert Parish on January 26, 1994

text: Defensive rebounds, season: 1,111 (1975–76)

text: Defensive rebounds, game: 29, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Detroit Pistons, December 14, 1975

text: Personal fouls[edit]

text: Personal fouls, career: 4,657

text: Blocked shots[edit]

text: Seasons leading the league in blocked shots: 4 (1974–75—1975–76, 1978–79—1979–80)

text: Tied by Mark Eaton and Marcus Camby

text: Consecutive seasons leading the league in blocked shots: 2 (1974–75—1975–76, 1978–79—1979–80)

text: Broken by Dikembe Mutombo in 1995–96

text: Blocked shots, career: 3,189

text: Broken by Hakeem Olajuwon on April 21, 1996

text: Playoffs[edit]

text: Service[edit]

text: Years played: 18

text: Games, career: 237

text: Broken by Robert Horry on May 13, 2008

text: Minutes played, career: 8,851

text: Broken by Tim Duncan on June 12, 2014

text: Minutes played, 7-game series: 345, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Boston Celtics, 1974 NBA Finals

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points, career: 5,762

text: Broken by Michael Jordan on May 31, 1998

text: Consecutive games scoring 20 or more points: 57, April 13, 1973 to April 5, 1981

text: Broken by Michael Jordan on May 2, 1993

text: Consecutive games scoring 20 or more points, from start of playoff career: 27

text: Games scoring 10 or more points, career: 223

text: Broken by Tim Duncan on June 12, 2014

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Field goals made, career: 2,356

text: Field goals made, 4-game series: 65, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Chicago Bulls, 1974 Western Conference Finals

text: Field goal attempts, career: 4,422

text: Broken by Michael Jordan on June 10, 1998

text: Rebounding[edit]

text: Offensive rebounds, 5-game series: 29, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1974 Western Conference Semifinals

text: Broken by Hakeem Olajuwon in 1985

text: Defensive rebounds, 4-game series: 62, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Chicago Bulls, 1974 Western Conference Finals

text: Defensive rebounds, 5-game series: 61, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1974 Western Conference Semifinals

text: Broken by Jack Sikma in 1979

text: Defensive rebounds, 7-game series: 95, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Golden State Warriors, 1977 Western Conference Semifinals

text: Blocked shots[edit]

text: Blocked shots, career: 476

text: Broken by Tim Duncan on May 31, 2012

text: Blocked shots, 3-game series: 15, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Denver Nuggets, 1979 Western Conference First Round

text: Broken by Manute Bol in 1989

text: Blocked shots, 4-game series: 15, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Portland Trail Blazers, 1977 Western Conference Finals

text: Broken by Mark Eaton in 1986

text: Blocked shots, game: 9, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Golden State Warriors, April 22, 1977

text: Broken by Mark Eaton on April 26, 1985

text: Personal fouls[edit]

text: Personal fouls, career: 797

text: Finals[edit]

text: Service[edit]

text: Highest average, minutes per game, any championship series: 49.3, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Boston Celtics, 1974 (345/7)

text: Minutes, 7-game series: 345, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Boston Celtics, 1974

text: Minutes, game: 58, Milwaukee Bucks at Boston Celtics, May 10, 1974 (2 OT)

text: Broken by Garfield Heard and Jo Jo White on June 4, 1976 (3 OT)

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points, 4-game series: 108, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Baltimore Bullets, 1971

text: Broken by Rick Barry in 1975

text: Scoring 20 or more points in all games, 7-game series: Milwaukee Bucks vs. Boston Celtics, 1974

text: Also achieved by Bob Pettit (1960), Elgin Baylor (1962), Jerry West (1962, 1969, 1970), Larry Bird (1984), Hakeem Olajuwon (1994) and Kobe Bryant (2010)

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Highest field goal percentage, 4-game series: .605 (46—76), Milwaukee Bucks vs. Baltimore Bullets, 1971

text: Broken by Derrek Dickey in 1975

text: Field goals, 4-game series: 46, Milwaukee Bucks vs. Baltimore Bullets, 1971

text: Blocked shots[edit]

text: Blocked shots, career: 116

text: Blocked shots, 6-game series: 23, Los Angeles Lakers vs. Philadelphia 76ers, 1980

text: Broken by Tim Duncan in 2003

text: All-Star[edit]

text: Points, career: 251

text: Broken by Michael Jordan in 2003

text: Games, career: 18

text: Minutes, career: 449

text: Field goals made, career: 105

text: Broken by Michael Jordan in 2003

text: Field goal attempts, career: 213

text: Broken by Michael Jordan in 2003

text: Blocked shots, career: 31

text: Personal fouls, career: 57

text: Personal fouls, game: 6 (1970)

text: Other records[edit]

text: All-NBA Team selections: 15

text: Tied by Kobe Bryant

text: NBA Most Valuable Player Awards (regular season): 6

text: One of five players in NBA history to lead the league in blocks and rebounding in the same season (1975–76)[14]

text:
Averaged 4.1 blocks and 16.9 rebounds per game.
The other four players are Bill Walton (1976–77), Hakeem Olajuwon (1989–90), Ben Wallace (2001–02), and Dwight Howard (2008–09, 2009–10).

text: One of two players in NBA history to win the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award with two different franchises

text:
Abdul-Jabbar won the award with the Milwaukee Bucks in 1971 and with the Los Angeles Lakers in 1985.
Also won by LeBron James with the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 and the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2016.

text: One of fourteen players in NBA history to win at least six NBA championships

text: Also includes Scottie Pippen (6), Michael Jordan (6), Bob Cousy (6), Steve Kerr (7) 2 as a coach. Robert Horry (7), Frank Ramsey (7), Jim Loscutoff (7), John Havlicek (8), Satch Sanders (8), K. C. Jones (8), Tom Heinsohn (8), Sam Jones (10), and Bill Russell (11)