document_title: List of mayors of Baltimore

question_text: when was the last time baltimore had a republican mayor

text: List of mayors of Baltimore

text:
Mayor of the
City of Baltimore

Seal of Baltimore

Flag of Baltimore

Incumbent
Catherine E. Pugh
since December 6, 2016

Residence
Private residence
Ashburton

Term length
Four years

Inaugural holder
James Calhoun
1794

Formation
1797

Website
Office of the Mayor

text:
Elections in Maryland

Federal government[show]

Presidential elections

1788-89
1792
1796
1800
1804
1808
1812
1816
1820
1824
1828
1832
1836
1840
1844
1848
1852
1856
1860
1864
1868
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020

Presidential primaries

Democratic

2008
2012
2016

Republican

2008
2012
2016

U.S. Senate elections

1986
1988
1992
1994
1998
2000
2004
2006
2010
2012
2016
2018
2022

U.S. House elections

1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018

Special elections

4th district, 2008

State government[show]

Gubernatorial elections

1966
1969
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018

Attorney General elections

2006
2010
2014

Comptroller elections

2006
2010
2014
2018

General Assembly elections

2006
2010
2014

County government[show]

County executive elections

2006
2010
2018

County offices

2006
2010
2018

Ballot measures[show]

2012

Question 6

Elections by year[show]

State Elections

2006
2010

Baltimore[show]

Mayoral elections

1999
2007
2011
2016
2020

Other elections

Question P

Frederick[show]

Mayoral elections

2017

 Government

v
t
e

text: The Mayor of Baltimore is the head of the executive branch of the government of the City of Baltimore, Maryland. The Mayor has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills / ordinances / resolutions passed by the unicameral (one chamber) Baltimore City Council. In addition, the Mayor oversees all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and shares with the Governor of Maryland, responsibilities for the public school system within the city limits. As of January 1, 2017, the Office of Mayor of the City of Baltimore has changed hands 60 times with 50 different individuals in assuming office in the 220 years of city government, 1797-2017. The current incumbent, Ms. Pugh is the 50th Mayor of the City of Baltimore.

text: The Office of the Mayor is located in the historic / architectural landmark with signatory dome of the Baltimore City Hall (built 1867-1875), at 100 Holliday Street (between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets) facing City Hall / War Memorial Plaza and the War Memorial building, in downtown Baltimore. Recent incumbent Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (and former President and earlier youngest member of the Baltimore City Council), decided not to run for reelection. Maryland State Senator Catherine E. Pugh beat out previous Mayor Shelia Dixon, (who had been removed from office in 2010 for corruption after being convicted of theft of donated holiday gift cards) in the Democratic Party municipal primary election. She then defeated Republican Alan Walden and Green Party candidate Joshua Harris to become the 50th Mayor of Baltimore. She was sworn in on December 6, 2016.

text: History[edit]

text: James Calhoun was first elected in 1794 under the old Baltimore Town government, and continued as the new first mayor under the new City Charter in 1796-97, when the City was incorporated as the "City of Baltimore" (occasionally entitled officially as the "Mayor and City Council of Baltimore") under the authority of the General Assembly of Maryland. Calhoun continued to serve for another seven years until 1804.

text: Serving as the "county seat" of surrounding Baltimore County since 1767, the City was separated from the county by the provisions of the adoption of the new second Maryland Constitution of 1851 and became an independent city with the same status as the other 22 (later 23) counties of Maryland. Then the county seat for Baltimore County was moved after an election/referendum to Towsontown (later Towson, Maryland) with the building there of its first courthouse three years later between Allegheny, Pennsylvania and Chesapeake Streets in 1854.

text: Six individuals are credited with multiple, non-consecutive returns to the office after completing an initial term, and are counted as separate mayoralties. These are: Edward Johnson (twice), John Montgomery, Ferdinand C. Latrobe (elected four times), Howard W. Jackson, William F. Broening, and Theodore R. McKeldin.

text: Originally elected for a term of only two years under the original first City Charter of 1796/1797, now traditionally, the current edition of the Baltimore City Charter limits a mayoral term to four years since the revisions of 1920 (who can be reelected without term limits). However, the 2015 municipal /mayoral primary / general elections will be postponed to 2016 in order to better align with national elections.

text: List[edit]

text:
#
Mayor
Term start
Term end
Terms

Party

01 !1
James Calhoun
1794
1804
4 .5 ! 1⁄2

None

01 !2
Thorowgood Smith
1804
1808
2

None

01 !3
Edward Johnson
1808
1816
4

Democratic-Republican

01 !4
George Stiles
1816
1819
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic-Republican

01 !(3)
Edward Johnson
1819
1820
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic-Republican

01 !5
John Montgomery
1820
1822
1

Democratic-Republican

01 !(3)
Edward Johnson
1822
1824
1

Democratic-Republican

01 !(5)
John Montgomery
1824
1826
1

Democratic-Republican

01 !6
Jacob Small
1826
1831
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic-Republican

01 !7
William Steuart
1831
1832
1

Democratic-Republican

01 !8
Jesse Hunt
1832
1835
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Whig

01 !9
Samuel Smith
1835
1838
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !10
Sheppard C. Leakin
1838
1840
1

Whig

01 !11
Samuel Brady
1840
1842
1

Whig

01 !12
Solomon Hillen Jr.
1842
1843
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !13
James O. Law
1843
1844
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !14
Jacob G. Davies
1844
1848
1

Whig

01 !15
Elijah Stansbury, Jr.
1848
1850
1

Democratic

01 !16
John H.T. Jerome
1850
1852
1

Democratic

01 !17
John S. Hollins
1852
1854
1

Whig

01 !18
Samuel Hinks
1854
1856
1

American

01 !19
Thomas Swann
1856
1860
2

American

01 !20
George W. Brown
1860
1861
.5 ! 1⁄2

Constitutional Union

01 !21
John C. Blackburn
1861
1862
.5 ! 1⁄2

None (Union Army)

01 !22
John L. Chapman
1862
1867
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Republican

01 !23
Robert T. Banks
1867
1871
1

Republican

01 !24
Joshua Van Sant
1871
1875
1

Democratic

01 !25
Ferdinand C. Latrobe
1875
1877
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !26
George P. Kane
1877
1878
Partial

Democratic

01 !(25)
Ferdinand C. Latrobe
1878
1881
1

Democratic

01 !27
William P. Whyte
1881
1883
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !(25)
Ferdinand C. Latrobe
1883
1885
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !28
James Hodges
1885
1887
.5 ! 1⁄2

Republican

01 !(25)
Ferdinand C. Latrobe
1887
1889
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !29
Robert C. Davidson
1889
1891
.5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !(25)
Ferdinand C. Latrobe
1891
1895
1

Democratic

01 !30
Alcaeus Hooper
1895
1897
.5 ! 1⁄2

Republican

01 !31
William T. Malster
1897
1899
.5 ! 1⁄2

Republican

01 !32
Thomas G. Hayes
1899
1903
1

Democratic

01 !33
Robert McLane
1903
1904
Partial

Democratic

01 !34
E. Clay Timanus
1904
1907
1

Republican

01 !35
J. Barry Mahool
1907
1911
1

Democratic

01 !36
James H. Preston
1911
1919
2

Democratic

01 !37
William F. Broening
1919
1923
1

Republican

01 !38
Howard W. Jackson
1923
1927
1

Democratic

01 !(37)
William F. Broening
1927
1931
1

Republican

01 !(38)
Howard W. Jackson
1931
1943
3

Democratic

01 !39
Theodore McKeldin
1943
1947
1

Republican

01 !40
Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.
1947
1959
3

Democratic

01 !41
J. Harold Grady
1959
1962
Partial

Democratic

01 !42
Philip H. Goodman
1962
1963
Partial

Democratic

01 !(39)
Theodore McKeldin
1963
1967
1

Republican

01 !43
Thomas D'Alesandro III
1967
1971
1

Democratic

01 !44
William D. Schaefer
1971
1987
4

Democratic

01 !45
Clarence H. Burns
1987
1987
Partial

Democratic

01 !46
Kurt Schmoke
1987
1999
3

Democratic

01 !47
Martin O'Malley
1999
2007
2

Democratic

01 !48
Sheila Dixon
2007
2010
1

Democratic

01 !49
Stephanie Rawlings-Blake
2010
2016
1 .5 ! 1⁄2

Democratic

01 !50
Catherine E. Pugh
2016
Incumbent
1

Democratic


document_title: The Dave Ramsey Show (radio program)

question_text: what station is the dave ramsey show on

question_tokens: what station is the dave ramsey show on

root

text: The Dave Ramsey Show (radio program)

text:
The Dave Ramsey Show

Genre
Financial talk

Running time
3 hours per episode

Country of origin
 United States

Home station
1510 WLAC

Starring
Dave Ramsey

Created by
Dave Ramsey

Executive producer(s)
Blake Thompson

Original release
1992 – present

Opening theme
"Money for Nothing" by Dire Straits, "Baker Street" by Gerry Rafferty

Ending theme
"Money" by Pink Floyd

Website
http://www.daveramsey.com/radio

tag: table

text: The Dave Ramsey Show is a three-hour, self-syndicated radio program and podcast, hosted by the eponymous finance author and speaker, that airs Monday through Friday from 2-5 PM ET (locally 1-4 PM CT). It is primarily broadcast from Brentwood, Tennessee, though often during the summer it is broadcast via remote from Ramsey's lake house.[1] As of 2008[update], it is one of the top ten most-listened-to radio shows.[2]

tag: p

text: Ramsey takes live calls on the theme of finance, and occasionally money-related Christian philosophy as it pertains to tithing, etc. During the show, he discusses life and money-related issues with callers. He is known for his complete disdain of debt collectors, calling them (among other things) "scum" and dishonest, and urging his listeners not to deal with them unless necessary, and then to get everything in writing, especially involving offers to reduce debts.

text: With a simple, seven-stage "baby steps" formula (based in part on the debt snowball method), Ramsey urges listeners to avoid all debt except for certain types of home mortgages, and to invest conservatively.

text: One notable difference between his and other financial shows is that Ramsey attempts to go beyond mathematical mechanics and reach his callers on an emotional and spiritual level.[3]

text: The show has a channel on iHeartRadio.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: The program began June 15, 1992, when Ramsey, selling copies of Financial Peace out of the trunk of his car, was a guest on 99.7 WWTN.[5] The station had recently filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy and one of its hosts had quit after not getting paid, which left the station scrambling to fill the gap in its lineup. Ramsey offered to do a one-hour show for free for one month, not entirely expecting to be successful. The Money Game went on the air with Ramsey,[6] Hal Wilson[7] and Roy Matlock[8] each hosting the hour alone on certain days of the week. Ramsey was the bankruptcy and "get out of debt" guru on Mondays and Wednesdays, Matlock answered investing questions Tuesdays and Thursdays, and Wilson's Friday topic was primarily real estate. After station management asked Wilson to discontinue his portion of the program, Ramsey and Matlock teamed up to host the show five days per week. Eventually, Matlock left the show on good terms to focus on his financial services business, leaving Ramsey to host the show alone.

text: The program became quite popular in Nashville. Reportedly, when WWTN asked Ramsey who would be syndicating his show, Ramsey simply pointed to Blake Thompson, who continues as executive producer of the show to this day. As Bill Hampton, Vice President of The Lampo Group stated, "they learned syndication from the ground up."[9]

text: The Money Game changed its name to The Dave Ramsey Show in mid-1996.[10] As of 2017, the show is heard on more than 585 stations.[11] In 2006, the show received two nominations for the 2006 Radio & Records News/Talk Industry Achievement Awards. It is the fifth year in a row for Dave Ramsey in the "Syndicated Personality of the Year" category, and the second year in a row for Bill Hampton in the "Executive of the Year" category.[12]

text: On the success of the show, Bill Hampton stated that it did $2.5 million in network sales in 2005 while MyTMMO.com did $1.2 million. He also stated the show would bring in an estimated $3.7 million from advertisers.[9] The show is now also available on podcast via iTunes.

text: Ramsey's show is one of very few national radio shows to be self-syndicated. The program is not connected to any national network or programming service, and is distributed directly to local stations. Ramsey's show is fed to stations 24/7 so that stations will not have to record his show for later broadcast, but rather they can always use the satellite feed. The show is distributed via Westwood One's satellite platform.

text: After 20 years of broadcasting on WTN, on January 1, 2013, the show moved to 102.5 FM ("The Game"). Ramsey and WTN were unable to come to terms over a renewal contract.[13] One year later, on January 1, 2014, the show moved to WLAC.


document_title: Transformers: Age of Extinction

question_text: where did they film transformers age of extinction

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sixty-five million years ago, an alien race known as the "Creators" used devices called Seeds to terraform planet Earth, effectively wiping out the dinosaurs and covering it with an alloy called Transformium. In the present day, geologist Darcy Tirrel excavates the Transformium for K.S.I. Industries, which uses it to build man-made artificial Transformer drones.

text: Five years after the Battle of Chicago, the humans have begun to view the Transformers as a threat to public safety, leading the U.S government to terminate all human-Autobot joint programs. Although the public believes that the Autobots have been granted sanctuary, they are actually being hunted by a rogue CIA black ops division known as Cemetery Wind led by corrupt government official Harold Attinger, who believes that all Transformers should be exterminated regardless of faction. They are aided by Lockdown, a Cybertronian bounty hunter working for the Creators, who promises to give Attinger a Seed if his division manages to capture Optimus Prime. Cemetery Wind locates Ratchet in Mexico City and Lockdown kills him when he refuses to give up Optimus' whereabouts.

text: Optimus, damaged and disguised as a rundown semi-truck, is discovered in an abandoned theater by Cade Yeager, a financially struggling Texan inventor, who brings him back to his farm. While his teenage daughter Tessa and business partner Lucas Flannery encourage him to turn Optimus over to the authorities after realizing what he really is, Cade instead fixes Optimus, hoping to understand his technology, and unexpectedly revives him. Still skeptical of Optimus, Lucas calls Cemetery Wind, who attacks and destroys the farm, but Optimus and Tessa's boyfriend, Irish rally car driver Shane Dyson, come to their aid. While on the run from Cemetery Wind and Lockdown, Lucas is killed by one of Lockdown's grenades. The survivors flee to the desert and take shelter in an abandoned gas station. Later, Optimus scans a new, more functioning alternate mode, then summons the surviving Autobots – Bumblebee (who now has a new alternate form), Hound, Drift, and Crosshairs. Using a CIA drone that he stole during the attack, Cade discovers K.S.I.'s involvement in the attacks on the Autobots. Optimus vows to personally kill Attinger and make him pay for his actions against his fallen brethren.

text: Infiltrating K.S.I.'s headquarters in Chicago, Cade discovers the remains of Autobots and Decepticons are being melted down to make the drones. Joshua Joyce, the ambitious company CEO, is collaborating with Attinger to revolutionize global defenses and improve human society using the Seed. He has captured the Autobot Brains and is using him and data from Megatron's head to create prototype Transformer soldiers named Galvatron and Stinger. Outraged at Cade's discovery, the Autobots storm the building (in which Bumblebee gains a new alternate form along the way), rescue Brains, and destroy the laboratory, but they leave after Joshua declares they are no longer needed in the world. In retaliation, Attinger forces Joshua to deploy Galvatron and Stinger to attack the Autobots. During the battle, Galvatron starts destroying vehicles on its own will and even speaks to Optimus while fighting him. Lockdown then arrives and abducts Optimus while Galvatron and Stinger retreat; Tessa is inadvertently captured as well.

text: While Lockdown's large prison spacecraft hovers over Chicago to hand over the Seed, Cade, Shane, and the Autobots use this opportunity to sneak on board and rescue Optimus and Tessa. They hijack a smaller ship, containing a number of other Autobots called the Dinobots, just before Lockdown leaves Earth. The Autobots reveal to Cade that Galvatron is, in fact, Megatron, who gave K.S.I. the data to build the Transformer drones so that he could transfer his consciousness into the Galvatron drone, after K.S.I. officials unknowingly revived him, and is plotting to use the Seed and the K.S.I. drones to conquer the world by detonating the Seed in Hong Kong, as K.S.I. has brought it there to use it in the remote Mongolian desert to create vast amounts of usable Transformium. Cade contacts Joshua to inform him of Megatron's presence, causing him to have a change of heart and agreeing to hand over the Seed with help from Darcy and his Chinese business associate Su Yueming. Meanwhile, Lockdown finds out about Optimus's escape with the Dinobots and returns to Earth to retrieve them.

text: Optimus decides the Autobots should no longer help humans since they revived Megatron, but Cade convinces Optimus to not lose faith in them. Back at the facility, Galvatron reactivates himself and takes control of the K.S.I. drones. A battle breaks out in Hong Kong's streets between Cade's group, the Autobots, Cemetery Wind, Galvatron, and his drones. During the fight, Optimus forms an alliance with the Dinobots, while Bumblebee kills Stinger. Lockdown returns to recapture Optimus and the Dinobots, first by using a large magnet in his ship that picks up and drops metal objects, causing destruction to the city. After disabling the magnet, Optimus fights Lockdown at an abandoned factory. In the ensuing duel, Optimus kills Attinger (who still believes all Transformers are a threat) to save Cade before being impaled with his own sword by Lockdown. Cade and Bumblebee fight Lockdown while Tessa and Shane use a tow truck to free Optimus, who kills Lockdown before using one of his grenades to finish off the remaining drones. Now the only surviving drone, Galvatron retreats, vowing to return.

text: As Lockdown's ship leaves Earth, Optimus tells the Autobots to protect the Yeagers and lets the Dinobots go. Joshua also offers to help the Yeagers build a new home. Optimus then flies away into space with the Seed to hide it away, while sending a message to the Creators that he is coming for them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Mark Wahlberg as Cade Yeager
A single father and struggling inventor.[7]
Stanley Tucci as Joshua Joyce
The ambitiously arrogant head of KSI who wants to build his own Transformers.[8][9]
Kelsey Grammer as Harold Attinger
A paranoid CIA operative and government official who created the CIA black-ops unit, Cemetery Wind to eliminate all Transformers, Autobot or Decepticon, from Earth.[10]
Nicola Peltz as Tessa Yeager
Cade's daughter who is secretly dating Shane.
Jack Reynor as Shane Dyson
Tessa's boyfriend and an Irish rally car driver.[11][12]
Titus Welliver as James Savoy
A ruthless CIA Agent and second-in command of the Cemetery Wind working for Attinger.[13]
Sophia Myles as Darcy Tirrel
Joshua's geologist assistant and ex-girlfriend.[14][15]
Li Bingbing as Su Yueming (苏月明 Sū Yuèmíng)
The owner of the Chinese factory used by KSI to build their artificial Transformers.[16]
T. J. Miller as Lucas Flannery
Cade's best friend and a mechanic.[17]
James Bachman as Gill Wembley
A scientist working with Joshua Joyce at KSI.
Thomas Lennon as the Chief of Staff.

tag: ul

text: Greg Anderson, Melanie Specht and Victoria Summer play Joshua's assistants.[18][19] Han Geng portrays himself, playing the guitar and singing in a parked car that is magnetized by Lockdown's ship.[20] Edward T. Welburn plays a KSI executive.[21] Kevin Covais and Ray Lui plays motorists.[22]

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Peter Cullen as Optimus Prime
The leader of the Autobots who transforms into a rusty Marmon 97 semi truck and later, a blue and red Western Star 5700 XE semi-trailer truck with flame decals.[23][24][25][26][27]
Frank Welker as Galvatron
A human-made KSI Transformer drone intended to be modeled after Optimus Prime, but ultimately using data downloaded from the remains of Megatron. It is later revealed that the Galvatron drone has become possessed by the Decepticon leader, who molecularly transforms into a black and grey 2014 Freightliner Argosy cab over trailer truck.[26][27][28][29]
John Goodman as Hound
An Autobot commando unit who transforms into an Oshkosh Defense Medium Tactical Vehicle.[30][31][32]
Ken Watanabe as Drift
A Samurai-motif Autobot, tactician and a former Decepticon assassin who transforms into a black and blue 2013 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse and a Sikorsky S-97 Raider Helicopter.
Robert Foxworth as Ratchet
The Autobot medical officer who transforms into a white and green 2004 Search and rescue Hummer H2 ambulance.
John DiMaggio as Crosshairs
An Autobot paratrooper and elite sniper who transforms into a black and green 2014 Chevrolet Corvette C7 Stingray.[24]
Mark Ryan as Lockdown
An extremely powerful, relentless, heavily enhanced, ruthless Cybertronian bounty hunter who transforms into a grey 2013 Lamborghini Aventador LP 700–4 Coupe and is hired by the mysterious Creators to bring Optimus Prime back to them.[24][26]
Reno Wilson as Brains
A former Decepticon drone turned Autobot who has lost his right leg.[27]

text: Non-speaking characters[edit]

text:
Bumblebee
An Autobot scout and Optimus Prime's new second in command, who communicates through voice clips and sound bites via his radio who transforms into a modified 1967 Chevrolet Camaro and later, a 2014 Chevrolet Camaro concept.
Grimlock, the leader of the vicious Dinobots who transforms into a mechanical horned, fire-breathing Tyrannosaurus.[24][26]
Strafe
A Dinobot who specializes in assault infantry and transforms into a mechanical two-headed, two-tailed Pteranodon.[26][28]
Slug
The Dinobots' destroyer who transforms into a mechanical spiked and bestial Triceratops.[26][28]
Scorn
The Dinobots' demolition specialist who transforms into a mechanical three-sailed Spinosaurus.[26][28]
Stinger
a human-made KSI Transformer modeled after Bumblebee who later becomes a Decepticon and molecularly transforms into a red and black 2013 Pagani Huayra.[24][25][26][27]
Junkheap
A human-made KSI Transformer who has a three-man splitting technique and later becomes a Decepticon under Galvatron's control. It molecularly transforms into a Mack garbage truck of Waste Management, Inc.[33]
"Traxes"
A human-made KSI Transformers modeled after Roadbuster who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control and molecularly transform into red, blue, black or white Chevrolet Traxes.[34]
"Two-Heads"
A two-headed human-made KSI Transformers modeled from the remains of Shockwave who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control.
"KSI Bosses"
A human-made KSI Transformers modeled after Soundwave who later become Decepticons under Galvatron's control.
Steeljaws
the savage techno-organic wolf-like minions of Lockdown.

text: Cameos[edit]

text: Ironhide, Arcee, Wheeljack, Loader, Shockwave and Starscream make cameos, depicted on cards stamped with an X to indicate their deaths. The leader of the Wreckers, Leadfoot, makes a cameo voiced by Robert Foxworth in video footage shown after Cade steals the KSI spy drone, shown being killed by humans from Cemetery Wind. Sentinel Prime and Megatron's heads are seen in the KSI labs, where they download data from the dead Transformers' remains. Barricade and some Decepticon Protoforms make cameos in footage from the Battle of Chicago. The Insecticons make a cameo, transferring data from Megatron's mind, infecting the Galvatron drone.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: During production for Dark of the Moon, Shia LaBeouf and Bay confirmed that they would not return for a fourth installment of the franchise.[35] Roland Emmerich, Joe Johnston, Jon Turteltaub, Stephen Sommers, Louis Leterrier and David Yates were rumored to replace Bay.[36] Jason Statham was rumored to star in the fourth installment. Hasbro CEO Brian Goldner revealed that he was able to announce the film as he was talking with Steven Spielberg, Bay and Paramount.[37] There were rumors that the fourth and fifth installment would be shot back-to-back with Statham as the lead role, which he and Bay denied.[38] Spielberg hoped Bay would return for a fourth installment.[39]

text: After final negotiations with Bay to direct the film,[40] producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura confirmed that there would be a fourth film in the franchise.[41] In February 2012, Paramount Pictures and Michael Bay announced that Bay would be producing and directing a fourth Transformers film, scheduled for a June 27, 2014 release.[42][43] The film will not be a reboot but a sequel to Dark of the Moon,[12] taking place four years later.[44] Ehren Kruger and Steve Jablonsky returned to write the script and the score, respectively.[45] In April 2013, it was announced that China Movie Channel and Jiaflix Enterprises would co-produce the film with Paramount.[46][47]

text: On September 1, 2013, Fusible revealed three possible subtitles for the film, which were Last Stand, Future Cast, and Apocalypse. On September 2, TFW 2005 revealed one last possible title, Age of Extinction.[48][49] On September 3, 2013, Paramount released an official teaser poster for the film, revealing the title to be Transformers: Age of Extinction.[50]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In November 2012, Mark Wahlberg was cast in the film.[7] Also in November 2012, The Hollywood Reporter reported that casting had begun for two additional leads: the daughter to Wahlberg's character and her boyfriend, a race car driver. Isabelle Cornish, Nicola Peltz, Gabriella Wilde, and Margaret Qualley were all considered for the role of the daughter, while Luke Grimes, Landon Liboiron, Brenton Thwaites, Jack Reynor, and Hunter Parrish were all considered for the boyfriend. The leads are contracted for three films.[51] In January 2013, Reynor was cast as the boyfriend,[12] and in March 2013, Nicola Peltz was cast as Wahlberg's daughter.[52]

text: Peter Cullen reprises his role as the voice of Optimus Prime.[23] Glenn Morshower stated in September 2012 that he would appear in the next two films, reprising his role of General Morshower, but Morshower announced in May 2013 that he would not be able to appear in the new films due to a scheduling conflict.[53] In April 2013, Bay revealed that actor Stanley Tucci had joined the cast.[54] On May 1, 2013, actor Kelsey Grammer was cast as the lead human villain named Harold Attinger.[55] On May 6, 2013, actress Sophia Myles was cast in a major role.[14] That same month, Chinese actress Li Bingbing and comedian T. J. Miller joined the cast.[56] On July 14, 2013, Bay announced that Han Geng had joined the cast.[20] That same month, Titus Welliver also joined the cast.[13]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Bay announced that filming had begun on May 28, 2013, in Monument Valley, Utah. Detroit, Michigan, was used as a stand-in for Hong Kong[57] while McCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, was re-dressed to portray a city in China.[58] The movie was the first feature film to be shot using smaller digital IMAX 3D cameras.[54] It also was shot in various other formats, including IMAX 70mm film cameras, digital stereo 3D, and anamorphic and spherical 35mm film.[59] From May 28 to June 24, 2013, Michael Bay uploaded photographs of several cars featured in the film, all apparently Autobots, to social networks including Facebook and Flickr. The film featured two unknown Autobots that transformed into a black and blue 2013 Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse (going by production name "Drift"), and a green 2014 C7 Corvette Stingray concept (going by production name "Slingshot"). Also revealed was a truck from Western Star Trucks as Optimus Prime's new alternate mode. The Dinobots and Lockdown were confirmed to appear. On October 29, Michael Bay's Official Twitter Account tweeted that principal photography of Transformers 4 had been completed in Hong Kong, China and the cast and crew were heading to the Chinese mainland. (According to previous reports, they would be filming there for one week.)[60] Additional filming in Detroit began in early 2014; a pair of steamships (Columbia and Ste. Clair) which had once traveled between Detroit and Bois Blanc Island's amusement park were partially restored and used as props for the film.[61]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: On October 17, 2013, while filming in Hong Kong, Bay was assaulted by two brothers surnamed Mak, who demanded a payment of HK$100,000 (US$12,900). The elder brother also assaulted three police officers during the incident. Both brothers and a third man surnamed Chan were arrested on suspicion of assault, with the younger Mak also charged on suspicion of blackmail.[62] The Mak brothers pleaded guilty to both charges in February 2014 and were incarcerated, with the prosecutor noting that the case had attracted a great deal of media attention and affected Hong Kong's image.[63]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Industrial Light & Magic's VFX supervisor Scott Farrar, who had also supervised the three prior films in the Transformers franchise, rendered the visual effects. He said the film contains about ninety minutes of visual effects (out of the movie's 165-minute length).[64] Farrer said it was the biggest project, using the largest crew, of his career, and noted that over five hundred crews had worked on it, using various facilities.[65]

text: The nine different formats used in the film included IMAX film, IMAX digital, single-frame anamorphic film, GoPros, crashcams, Red cameras on 3Ality stereo 3D gigs, and red cameras for 2D.[65]

text: Music[edit]

text: Like its predecessors, Steve Jablonsky composed the film's score, marking his sixth film collaboration with director Michael Bay, four of which are Transformers films. The film's score was praised by critics and fans. The soundtrack album sold more than 15,000 units worldwide. It is also the first Transformers film for which rock band Linkin Park did not contribute an original song, though their single "Until It's Gone" is included in the video game soundtrack of the movie.[66].

text: Skrillex worked on sound design for the film, having said that he was creating "the craziest Skrillex sounds I could ever make" and mentioned working on sounds for the Dinobots.[67][68]

text: Imagine Dragons wrote a single specifically for the film itself, titled "Battle Cry". The track "Leave Planet Earth Alone" samples the drum beat of Battle Cry so that the former serves as an intro to the latter as the credits start, though this version is only present in the film; Battle Cry isn't featured on the soundtrack album, and Leave Planet Earth Alone has a unique outro. No mashup version or otherwise is available for purchase. Imagine Dragons also worked with Steve Jablonsky and Hans Zimmer to contribute additional music to the film's score.[69]

text: On June 30, 2014, an extended play was digitally released on iTunes, featuring four tracks as a teaser for the full official score, which features variations of the four themes.[70] On July 4, 2014, the long play was released digitally on iTunes containing the full score of the film.[71] The soundtrack album was released on CD by record label La-La Land Records on October 7, 2014.

text: On November 20, 2014, Steve Jablonsky released a statement via Facebook saying that the score would no longer be available on iTunes and other digital music stores after it had reached its limit of 15,000 units before re-use fees would have to be paid. Jablonsky personally expressed his own disappointment in the turn of events, hoping there would be a way to eventually re-release the score, along with the score to Transformers: Dark of the Moon, which had also been removed from iTunes and other digital music stores several months prior when it too reached the 15,000 unit limit.[72]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere in Hong Kong on June 19, with a live concert by Imagine Dragons.[73]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first televised advertisement for Transformers: Age of Extinction aired during Super Bowl XLVIII. In a poll by Fandango, the spot was determined to be the most anticipated film trailer to be shown, receiving 48% of the vote in the poll.[74] The first official teaser trailer was released on March 4, 2014.[75] A viral marketing campaign was started for the film upon the teaser trailer's release.[76] On March 30, 2014, a shortened version of the teaser trailer was aired during the season 4 finale of The Walking Dead. Another shortened version of the teaser trailer was aired during the 2014 MTV Movie Awards.

text: Chevrolet aired a commercial at the New York International Auto Show featuring General Motors vehicles with clips from the film, along with putting them on display.[77]

text: Hasbro released an app on May 8 surrounding the film available for iOS and Android devices, allowing users to access exclusive material such as character biographies, images, and interviews with the stars, among other things.[78] A clip featuring never-before-seen scenes from the film and an interview with Imagine Dragons aired during The Voice on May 12, 2014.

text: DeNA and Hasbro teamed up to construct an official mobile video game for the film. The game was first announced on May 13, 2014, though, the title is still in active development.[79] Also on this date, Oreo launched a marketing campaign to promote the film.[80] This included a television commercial where a boy gives a wounded Optimus Prime an Oreo cookie to continue the fight.[81]

text: An exclusive theatrical trailer debuted on May 15 on iTunes Movie Trailers at 12:01 AM Pacific Standard Time.[82] On May 21, 2014, two television spots appeared online, both containing new footage from the film.[83] The film's viral campaign updated on May 22, showcasing all-new posters and realistic news reports of the damage done to Chicago from the third film.[84] Three more television spots, all sporting new footage, appeared online on May 30, 2014.[85][86][87]

text: Imagine Dragons's single for the film officially released online on June 2, 2014.[88]

text: Jack Reynor and Nicola Peltz made multiple appearances in the Twin Cities on June 8, 2014. During an appearance on the Canadian version of The Morning Show, both Reynor and Peltz promised big things that would please fans.[89] Kelsey Grammer made an appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman on June 9, 2014. During his visit, the very first clip from the film debuted, showcasing Grammer's character and Wahlberg's in a heated argument. During the first commercial break for the show, a brand new television spot aired.[90] On June 10, 2014, two television spots appeared online, both containing extensive new footage from the film.[citation needed]

text: At the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards on March 29, 2014, Mark Wahlberg, who stars in the film, hosted the event. There was also a transmission from Peter Cullen as Optimus Prime, and Nicola Peltz and Jack Reynor assembled with Wahlberg to take out cannons that fired slime.

text: Three more television spots appeared online on June 14, 2014, containing new footage of the Dinobots transforming and of Lockdown speaking.[91] On June 17, a brand-new television spot aired on Comedy Central containing new footage.[citation needed] Another television spot appeared online on June 18, sporting new footage as well.[citation needed]

text: The film's unusual marketing strategy of letting people video the shooting of the film in select locations was the subject of film critic Kevin B. Lee's critical video essay Transformers: The Premake.[92]

text: Video games[edit]

text: In February 2014, Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark, developed by Edge of Reality, published by Activision was announced as a companion to the film. It was released in June 2014 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.[93]

text: In summer 2014, Rovio and Hasbro announced Angry Birds Transformers. The game has Transformers movie designs on two of the characters.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction grossed $245.4 million in the United States and Canada and $858.6 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.104 billion, against a budget of $210 million.[4] It was the only film of 2014 to earn over $1 billion at the box office worldwide.[94] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $250.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the most profitable film of 2014.[94] Worldwide, in its opening weekend, the film earned $302.1 million, which is the 14th-highest ever, the highest in 2014, and the second-largest for Paramount behind Transformers: Dark of the Moon ($382.4 million).[95] It was the 17th-highest-grossing film worldwide, the highest-grossing film of 2014, the second-highest-grossing film in the Transformers film series, and the 11th-highest-grossing film of Paramount (domestically).[96] It is the second film in the Transformers installment to earn over $1 billion following Dark of the Moon[97] and the 19th film overall. Despite being a box office hit, it was considered by several box office experts to have fallen well below expectations.

text: North America[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada.[98] It was released on June 27, 2014 in across 4,233 theaters in North America. It earned $8.75 million from Thursday late-night run, which was the fifth-biggest of 2014.[99] On Friday, the film grossed an additional $31.25 million bringing its total day gross to $41.6 million, including $10.7 million from IMAX theaters. In its opening weekend, the film earned $100,038,390[nb 1] setting an opening record of 2014 (overtaken by The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 with $121.9 million),[102] which is the fourth-highest opening for Paramount,[103] and the fifth-highest for a film released in June.[104] The opening-weekend audience was evenly split among those under and over the age of 25 (with 58%), male (64%), and under 18 (27%).[105] The film remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends before being overtaken by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in its third weekend. It also crossed the $200 million mark in its third weekend, becoming the fifth film of 2014 to do so.[106][107] The film closed down its theatrical run on October 9, 2014[108] and earned a total of $245,439,076, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S.[108][109]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film of 2014,[110] and the sixth-highest-grossing film.[111] Transformers: Age of Extinction earned $202.1 million in its opening weekend from 37 countries in 10,152 screens, which is 35% bigger than Dark of the Moon and marking the biggest overseas opening of 2014 (breaking X-Men: Days of Future Past's record set one month prior).[112] It scored the biggest IMAX overseas opening weekend with $16.6 million from 266 theaters (overtaken by Jurassic World).[112][113] The film topped the box office outside North America for four consecutive weekends despite coinciding with the 2014 FIFA World Cup before being overtaken by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in its fifth weekend.[114]

text: International openings of over $5 million occurred in South Korea ($21.7 million), Brazil ($16.5 million), Germany ($11.2 million), Australia ($9.6 million), France ($8.8 million), Taiwan ($8.1 million), Malaysia ($6.7 million), Japan ($6.4 million), the Philippines ($5.7 million), India ($5.35 million), Hong Kong ($5.1 million), and Italy ($5 million).[112] In Russia, the film opened to number one with $21.7 million from 1,100 screens, which is the second-largest in the territory for which 3D accounted for 80% of the total gross. IMAX comprised $2.6 million of the total gross from 34 IMAX screens.[112] Its biggest opener outside the U.S. was in China, where it scored one of the biggest non-North American openings of all time with $91.2 million from 4,400 screens, which was once the second-biggest opening of all time there.[112][115] The film set an all-time IMAX opening record with $9.7 million.[112][116] After five days of its release, Age of Extinction surpassed its North American run with $134.5 million.[117][118] In China, the film earned an additional $50.9 million in its second weekend for a total of $212.8 million. In only 10 days of its release, it became the highest-grossing film in China with $222.74 million, thus overtaking Avatar's previous record.[119][120][121] Adding to the film's revenue and popularity were product placements of Chinese brands edited into the movie specifically for Chinese audiences.[122]

text: It became the highest-grossing film in China, with $301–$320 million[nb 2] in revenue surpassing 2009's record set by Avatar ($204 million),[124][129][130] until it was surpassed by Furious 7 in 2015 over $390 million.[131] It is also the first movie in China to gross more than $300 million at the box office.[132] A large part of the success in China has been attributed to the large fan base there and because of its accompanying animated TV series—which ran during the 1980s and 1990—was one of the highest-quality TV programs at that time which resulted in many children getting attached to it. Transformers toy merchandising was one of the first successful cases by a foreign company in China at its time, its line of transforming robot toys was highly sought-after, especially by boys.[133]

text: At the end of its theatrical run outside North America, the film earned $858,600,000 which is 77.8% of its total gross. In total earnings, the highest revenue came from China ($301 million), Russia ($45.2 million), South Korea ($43.3 million), Germany ($38.2 million), Mexico ($33.5 million), and the UK ($33.1 million).[134]

text: Authenticity over North American box office opening[edit]

text: The $100 million opening announced for Transformers: Age of Extinction is disputed within the industry. According to Rentrak—which has a direct line into the vast majority of theatres in the United States and Canada to track actual ticket sales—about 4,100 of the 4,233 theatres playing the film generated $95.9 million. The projected total from the Rentrak sales data would put the opening three-day weekend gross at around $97.5 million. For Transformers to have crossed the $100 million threshold, it would have needed to gross more than the nationwide average in the theatres not tracked by Rentrak. Some media outlets have elected to go with the Rentrak figure.[100][101]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 18% based on 195 reviews, with an average rating of 3.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With the fourth installment in Michael Bay's blockbuster Transformers franchise, nothing is in disguise: Fans of loud, effects-driven action will find satisfaction, and all others need not apply."[135] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 32 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[136] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[137]

text: Richard Roeper gave the film a "D", saying that "the longer the movie goes on, the less interesting it becomes; it just wears you down. As we were finally reaching the 165-minute mark, all that noise and fury was about as exciting as the special effects in an Ed Wood movie."[138] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film zero out of four stars, calling it "the worst and most worthless Transformers movie yet."[139] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars, commenting that "This series was never good, but it was once fun, or at least flashy. Now that its gears have gone rusty, it’s time for an Alien vs. Predator-style rethink."[140] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said in his review that "The story is scaffolding for the action and like every other standing structure, it is wrecked in a thunderous shower of metal, glass, masonry, and earth."[141]

text: Clarence Tsui of The Hollywood Reporter commented on his review that it "barely skirts the idea that humankind and planet Earth are about to be totally annihilated. What is extinguished is the audience's consciousness after being bombarded for nearly three hours with overwrought emotions ('There's a missile in the living room!' Tessa hollers — twice), bad one-liners, and battles that rarely rise above the banal. A trio of editors make a technical marvel out of the fight scenes, but can do little to link the story's multiple threads into something coherent."[142] Roth Cornet of IGN gave the film a score of 6.3 out of 10, praising the "slightly darker/surprising tone and Lockdown and his ship while criticizing the logic/script issues and long running time."[143] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film 1 out of five stars, commenting that "If the 'human scenes' all reek of adolescent dialogue and dopey snark masquerading as character development, it's a toss-up if that's better or worse than seeing clattering collections of caliginous junk."[144]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Transformers: Age of Extinction was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and Blu-ray 3D formats on September 30, 2014, in North America. The film was also released on digital download through iTunes and Google Play on September 16, 2014. A 4K UHD Blu-Ray release followed on December 5 2017.[145]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Award
Category
Recipients
Result

2014 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Villain
Kelsey Grammer
Nominated

Choice Movie: Breakout Star
Nicola Peltz
Nominated

Choice Summer Movie
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Choice Summer Movie Star
Mark Wahlberg
Nominated

2014 Golden Trailer Awards
Best Summer 2014 Blockbuster Trailer
Paramount Pictures and Creative Buzz Industries
Nominated

2014 Hollywood Film Awards
Best Visual Effects of the Year
Scott Farrar
Won

2014 Houston Film Critics Society Awards
Worst Film
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

2015 Annie Awards
Outstanding Achievement, Animated Effects in a Live Action Production
Michael Balog, Jim Van Allen, Rick Hankins, and John Hansen
Nominated

2015 Satellite Awards
Best Visual Effects
John Frazier, Patrick Tubach, Scott Benza, and Scott Farrar
Nominated

Best Sound (Editing & Mixing)
Erik Aadahl, Ethan Van Der Ryn, and Peter J. Devlin
Nominated

2015 Visual Effects Society Awards[146]
Outstanding Models in any Motion Media Project
Landis Fields, John Goodson, Anthony Rispoli, Dae Han for "Knightship"
Nominated

2015 Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Picture
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Worst Director
Michael Bay
Won

Worst Supporting Actor
Kelsey Grammer (also for The Expendables 3, Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return, and Think Like a Man Too)
Won

Worst Supporting Actress
Nicola Peltz
Nominated

Worst Screenplay
Ehren Kruger
Nominated

Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

Worst Screen Combo
Transformers: Age of Extinction
Nominated

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A fifth Transformers film, titled The Last Knight, was released on June 21, 2017 to poor reviews, with both Bay and Wahlberg stating it was their final entry of the series.

text: A spin-off film, Bumblebee: The Movie, is scheduled for a December 21, 2018 release.[147]


document_title: List of countries by English-speaking population

question_text: what country has the largest english speaking population

text: List[edit]

text: Some numbers have been calculated by Wikipedia editors by mixing data from different sources; figures not attributed to sources and given with a date should be treated with caution.

text:
Country
Eligible population
Total English speakers
Total English speakers (%)
As first language
As first language (%)
As an additional language[1]
As an additional language (%)
Comments

 United States
296,603,003
283,160,411
95.5
234,171,556
79.0
48,988,855
16.5
Figures are from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau for persons age 5 and older. Total English speakers are those who either spoke English at home (i.e. as first language), or reported speaking another language at home but could speak English "very well" or "well" (i.e. as an additional language). [2]

 India
1,028,737,436
125,344,736
12.18
226,449
0.02
125,118,287
12.16
2001 Census figures for population and first, second, and third languages. English as a first language is only spoken by 226,449 people, as a second language by 86,125,221, and as a third language by 38,993,066.[3][4]

 Pakistan
188,400,100
108,036,049
57
15,720,000
8
92,316,049
49
Official Language, lingua franca and spoken amongst a wide proportion of the Pakistani Population - 49% as a second language (other estimates). [5][6][7][8][9]

 Nigeria
156,493,000
79,000,000
53.34

79,000,000
53.34
Euromonitor International report (2009)

 Philippines
100,437,852
64,025,890
63.72
36,935
0.0037
63,988,955
63.71
Total population: Census 2010. Proportion of total speakers: Census 2000, text above Figure 7. 63.71% of the then 66.7 million people aged 5 years or more could speak English.[10] Proportion of native speakers: Census 1995, as quoted by Andrew Gonzalez in "The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19 (5&6), 487–525, p. 492: .04% of the then 68.4 million people were native speakers of English. (1998).[11] "Six out of 10 people aged 5 and over can speak english (63.71%)."[12]

 United Kingdom
64,000,000
59,600,000
97.74
54,400,000
92.14
5,128,000
5.60
Source: Data from the 2011 census for England and Wales.[13] Additional English speaker figures are for usual residents aged 3 years and over with a main language other than English who can speak English "very well" or "well".

 Germany
80,600,000
46,272,504
70
272,504
0.338
46,000,000
70
Native speakers: Statistisches Bundesamt (cited here).
Non-native speakers: Eurobarometer report 2006
Does not include foreign military personnel based in Germany.

 Canada
33,121,175
28,360,240
85.63
18,858,980
56.94
9,501,260
28.69
Source: [3], Population by knowledge of official languages and Population by mother tongue. The 2011 count reported that 22,564,665 people were able to conduct a conversation in English but not French, while 5,795,575 were able to converse in both English and French. The census also asked for the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual: 18,858,980 reported English as their sole mother tongue, 144,685 reported both English and French as mother tongues, 396,330 reported English and a non-official language as mother tongues, and 24,095 reported English, French and a non-official language as mother tongues.

 France
65,350,000
23,000,000
39

23,000,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Australia
21,394,309
17,357,833
97
15,013,965
70.17
2,343,868
17
Source: 2001 Census.[14] The 2001 census data is subject to multiple interpretations. The data noted that 18,972,350 persons out of 21,394,309 total were speakers of a language, and excluded young children. However, more than a million of those 18,972,350 persons provided no information; 879,778 did not give information on proficiency, and 203,101 were "overseas visitors" who were not asked. Of the 17,889,671 persons for whom an inquiry was made 17,357,833 spoke English only, or "well" or "very well" as a second language; while 531,838 spoke "not well" or "not at all".

 Italy
59,619,290
17,000,000
34

17,000,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Bangladesh
163,323,100
30,108,031
18
709,873

29,398,158

Source: Euromonitor International report 2009, Euromonitor Dec 2010 [15]

 Egypt
83,289,500
28,101,325
35

28,101,325

Source: Euromonitor International Report 2011 [16]

 Thailand
63,038,247
17,121,187
27.16

17,121,187

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Netherlands
16,770,000
15,030,000
90

15,030,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

   Nepal
29,890,686
13,896,720
46.49
20,000
0.067
876,720

Source: Census. (date not verified)[citation needed]

 South Africa
52,981,991
16,424,417
31
4,930,510
9.3
11,493,907
22
Native speakers from 2011 Census: Census in Brief[permanent dead link], page 23.
Non-native speakers: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Poland
38,501,000
14,300,000
37
100,000

14,200,000

Source: Central Statistical Office,[17] Additional language speakers are people age 18–69, who reported English Language as their first of second best foreign language, Central Statistical Office [18] Native language counted as those who speak English at home.

 Turkey
70,586,256
12,000,000
17

12,000,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2006

 Iraq
31,700,000
11,095,000
35

11,000,000

Source: Euromonitor International report (2011)

 Sri Lanka
22,480,000
10,565,600
47
37,061
0.2
9,680,000
47
English Proficiency Index [19]

 Spain
47,190,000
10,400,000
22

10,400,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 China
1,210,000,000
10,000,000
<1

10,000,000

Figures are for English users in mainland China only (i.e. excluding Hong Kong where English is an official language and Macau). The often-cited figure of 300 million is for "learners."[20]
[21]

 Brazil
205,000,000
10,542,000
5
292,000
0.14
10,250,000
5
Source: British council (2012) and EF. Only 5% of Brazilians have a proficient grasp of English as a second or foreign additional language and an additional 6% have a very rudimentary knowledge. Brazil has 240 thousand British descendants and 180 thousand American ancestry citizens including the Confederados cultural sub-group, descendants of the Confederate colonies.

 Sweden
9,921,541
8,200,000
86

8,200,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Kenya
43,013,431
8,100,000
18.83

7,900,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Cameroon
19,740,000
7,500,000
38

7,500,000

Euromonitor International Report (2009)

 Malaysia
27,170,000
15,580,000
62.57
380,000
1.4
15,200,000
61.1
EF English Proficiency Index[22]

 Russia
138,312,535
7,574,303
5.48
2,522

7,571,787

Source: Composition by Nationality and Language Ability, Citizenship, Tables 4.5 and 4.1, Russian Census (2010). The "total" figure is the number of residents who reported English as one of the languages they knew. The "first language" figure is the number of residents who reported "American" or "English" as their nationality. The "additional languages" figure is the difference. More than 9 million schoolgoers studied English as a foreign language in 2008–2009.

 Belgium
10,584,534
6,250,000
60

6,250,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2006 (the 2012 report seems to have a critical typo)

 Israel
7,303,000
6,205,000
84.97
100,000
1.37
6,105,000

Source: Ethnologue (2005)[23]
English is widely spoken, both by the Jewish majority and by minority ethnic groups.[24][25]

 Austria
8,415,000
6,150,000
73

6,150,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Romania
19,043,767
5,900,000
31

5,900,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Zimbabwe
13,349,000
5,550,000
41.58
250,000
1.87
5,300,000

Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Greece
10,787,690
5,500,000
51

5,500,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Sierra Leone
5,866,000
4,900,000
83.53
500,000
8.52
4,400,000

Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Mexico
120,664,000
15,686,262
12.9

15,686,262

Consulta Mitofsky-Tracking Poll Roy Campos: Las Lenguas Extranjeras en México, January 2013;[26] and II Conteo de Población y Vivienda, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI).[27]

 Denmark
5,543,000
4,770,000
86

4,770,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

  Switzerland
7,637,300
4,680,000
61.28
73,400
0.96
4,606,600

Figure for speakers of English as "main language", according to Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel 2008[28] Source for number of non-native English speakers is 1999 publication by Prof. François Grin cited here: http://switzerland.isyours.com/e/countries/uk/language.html

 Morocco
32,770,900
4,587,926
14

4,587,926

Source: Euromonitor International report 2011

 Norway
5,136,700
4,500,000
90

4,500,000

Source: http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2014/03/norwegian-english-fusion-language/[unreliable source]

 Republic of Ireland
4,422,100
4,350,000
98.37
4,122,100
93.21
237,900

Source: Eurobarometer report 2006; Central Statistics Office [4]; Travbla [29]

 Singapore
5,607,300
4,218,737
83.1
1,873,302
36.9
2,345,435

Source: 2015 Census. Second language speaker figure only includes those literate in English aged 15 or more and does not include third language proficiency. General Household Survey 2015 "Language Spoken at Home Among Residents Aged 5 Years and Over"

 Ghana
27,000,000
18,000,000
66.67

18,000,000

Source: 2010 Ghanaian Census[30]

 Tanzania
40,454,000
4,000,000
9.89

4,000,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 New Zealand
4,275,100
3,673,623
97.82
3,673,623
85.93

There were 4,027,947 responses to 2006 Census: Language spoken. 3,673,679 gave English as a response, 81,936 had no English but another language. The balance of 272,382 were; no language (too young) 75,195, no response 196,221, response unidentifiable 588, response outside scope 378. Hence it is most meaningful to express the English-speaking per cent without including the figures for these 272,382. This gives 97.8% English-speaking, 2.2% non-English-speaking (3,673,679 and 81,936 divided by 3,755,565)
Crystal (2003), p. 109, gives figures of 3,700,000 native speakers and 150,000 second language speakers.

 Finland
5,410,000
3,800,000
70

3,800,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Portugal
10,623,000
2,900,000
27

2,900,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Papua New Guinea
6,331,000
3,150,000
49.76
150,000
2.37
3,000,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Liberia
3,750,000
3,100,000
82.67
600,000
16
2,500,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Jordan
6,598,000
2,969,370
45

2,969,370

Source: Euromonitor International report (2011)

 Jamaica
2,714,000
2,650,000
97.64
45,900
17.1
50,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Algeria
35,954,000
2,516,780
7

2,516,780

Source: Euromonitor International report (2011)

 Uganda
30,884,000
2,500,000
8.09

2,500,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Hong Kong
6,808,433
3,136,784
46.07
238,288
3.5
2,898,496

According to 2011 population census, Hong Kong has approximately 3.1 million speakers, of whom 238,288 regard English as their "usual" language.[31]

 Czechia
10,562,214
2,850,000
27

2,850,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Argentina
42,192,500
2,752,681
6.52

Source:.[32] Percentage of people who state to have a high level of English. Another 19.49% and 16.23% of people said they had an intermediate and low level, respectively, of English.

 Yemen
24,800,000
2,232,000
9

2,232,000

Source: Euromonitor International report 2011

 Croatia
4,555,000
2,200,000
49

2,200,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2006

 Colombia
47,661,368
2,012,950
4.22
75,600

1,937,350

Total was estimated by multiplying projected population for 2014 (DANE) by percentage of Colombian population that speaks English 4.09%[33] then 63,600 was added to that figure which is the total of American and British residents. Figures for native speakers are as follows: 60,000 U.S. citizens that reside in Colombia[34] 12,000 are Colombian Raizal from San Andrés and Isla de Providencia where they speak San Andrés–Providencia Creole[35] 3,600 British expatriates[36]

 Hungary
9,982,000
2,000,000
20

2,000,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Puerto Rico
3,991,000
1,940,000
48.61
100,000

1,840,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Zambia
11,922,000
1,910,000
16.02
110,000

1,800,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Bulgaria
7,640,238
1,900,000
25
2,605

1,902,605

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012 and 2011 Census[37]

 Kazakhstan
12,156,705
1,874,583
15.4
602

1,873,981

Number of those who understand spoken English, from these 1.9 million: 311,435 (2.6%/16.6%) can only read, 931,444 (7.7%/49.6%) can read and write in English. The number of native speakers is the sum of Americans and Englishmen "by nationality". (Census 2009)

 Lebanon
4,265,600
1,706,000
40

1,706,000

Source: Euromonitor International report (2011)

 Chile
16,634,603
1,585,027
9.53

Source: 2012 Census.[38]

 Rwanda
10,137,400
1,520,610
15

1,520,610

Source: Euromonitor International report 2009

 Slovakia
5,397,036
1,400,000
26

1,400,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Trinidad and Tobago
1,305,000
1,145,000
87.74
1,145,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Slovenia
2,050,000
1,210,000
59

1,210,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Lithuania
3,053,800
1,160,000
38

1,160,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Latvia
2,070,371
950,000
46

950,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Guyana
751,000
680,000
90.55
650,000

30,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Botswana
1,639,833
630,000
38.42

630,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Estonia
1,294,236
650,000
50

650,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Cyprus
839,000
610,000
73

610,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Malawi
13,931,831
540,209
3.88
209

540,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109 and Kayambizinthu.[39]

 Lesotho
1,795,000
500,000
27.86

500,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Suriname
470,784
410,000
87.09
260,000

150,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Malta
453,000
400,000
89
unknown

352,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Namibia
1,820,916
314,000
17.24
14,000

300,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Luxembourg
509,000
290,000
56

290,000

Source: Eurobarometer report 2012

 Bahamas
330,549
288,000
87.13
260,000

28,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Barbados
279,000
275,000
98.57
262,000

13,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Belize
301,270
246,000
81.65
190,000

56,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Madagascar
23,042,300
4,147,614
18

4,147,614

The main languages are French and Malagasy.[citation needed]

 Mauritius
1,264,866
202,000
15.97
2,000

200,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Vanuatu
215,446
180,000
83.55
60,000

120,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Fiji
853,445
176,000
20.62
6,000

170,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Solomon Islands
552,438
175,000
31.68
10,000

165,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Guam
173,456
158,000
91.09
58,000

100,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Brunei
381,371
144,000
39.07
10,000

134,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
120,000
114,000
95
114,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 U.S. Virgin Islands
108,448
113,000
95.97
98,000

15,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Grenada
110,000
100,000
90.91
100,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Samoa
188,540
94,000
49.86
1,000

93,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Isle of Man
80,058
80,000
99.93
80,000

 Myanmar
53,900,000
2,400,000
4.45

2,400,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Saint Lucia
165,000
71,000
43.03
31,000

40,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Northern Mariana Islands
84,000
70,000
83.33
5,000

65,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Antigua and Barbuda
85,000
68,000
80
66,000

2,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 American Samoa
57,345
45,933
80.1
1,791

44,142

Source: The World Factbook – American Samoa

 Federated States of Micronesia
111,000
64,000
57.66
4,000

60,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Bermuda
65,000
63,000
96.92
63,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Dominica
67,000
63,000
94.03
3,000

60,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Marshall Islands
59,000
60,000
98.33

60,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Swaziland
1,141,000
50,000
4.38

50,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Aruba
104,000
44,000
42.31
9,000

35,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 The Gambia
1,709,000
40,000
2.34

40,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
50,000
39,000
78
39,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Cayman Islands
47,000
36,000
76.6
36,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Seychelles
87,000
33,000
37.93
3,000

30,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Gibraltar
28,875
28,875
100
28,000

875

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Tonga
100,000
30,000
30

30,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Kiribati
95,000
23,000
24.21

23,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 British Virgin Islands
23,000
20,000
86.96
20,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

 Palau
20,000
18,500
92.5
500

18,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Andorra
81,222
17,869
22

17,869

Source Census: Linguistic knowledge 2004.

 Anguilla
13,000
12,000
92.31
12,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Nauru
10,300
800
96.26
9,500

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. English is spoken as the language of government and commerce.

 Cook Islands
20,200
4,000
19.8
1,000

3,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109.

 Montserrat
5,900
4,000
67.8
4,000

Source: Crystal (2003), p. 109. Note this includes speakers of an English creole.

TOTAL
5,102,585,737
1,179,874,130

336,358,172

838,676,510

text:
The European Union is a supranational union composed of 28 member states. The combined total English-speaking population (2012) is 256,876,220[40] (out of a total population of 500,000,000,[41] i.e. 51%) including 65,478,252 native speakers and 191,397,968 non-native speakers, and would be ranked 2nd if it were included. English native speakers amount to 13% of the whole Union population, while the percentage of people that speak English "well enough in order to be able to have a conversation", either as first (32%), second (11%) or third (3%) foreign language, was 38%.
When taken from this list and added together, the total number of English speakers in the world adds up to around 1,200,000,000. Likewise, the total number of native English speakers adds up to around 350,000,000. This implies that there are approximately 850,000,000 people who speak English as an additional language.


document_title: 30 Days of Night (film)

question_text: what language do vampires speak in 30 days of night

text: 30 Days of Night (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The town of Barrow, Alaska is preparing for its annual "30 Days of Night", a period during the winter when there is a month-long polar night. As the town gets ready, a stranger (Ben Foster) rows ashore from a large ship and sabotages the town's communications and transport to the outside world. Barrow's sheriff, Eben Oleson (Josh Hartnett) investigates and also learns that his estranged wife, Stella (Melissa George), missed the last plane and must stay the 30 days. That night, a coven of feral vampires, led by Marlow (Danny Huston), attack and slaughter most of the townspeople, forcing Eben, Stella, Eben's younger brother Jake (Mark Rendall), and several other survivors to take shelter in a boarded-up house with a hidden attic. Marlow finds the stranger locked up in the station.  The stranger believed Marlow was going to turn him into a vampire. Marlow thanks him for doing what he asked, and then snaps his neck.  Marlow ironically comments to his fellow vampires: "The things they believe."

text: Eighteen days later, when a blizzard hits, the group uses the whiteout to go to the general store for supplies, but are stranded after it ends. While the group heads for the station, Eben creates a diversion by having the vampires chase him to his grandmother's house, where he uses one of her ultraviolet lights to burn the face of Marlow's lover, Iris (Megan Franich), so badly that Marlow is forced to kill her. As he escapes, the town snow plow operator, Beau (Mark Boone Junior), creates another distraction with his tractor, killing many of the vampires, before trying to blow himself up; when he fails, Marlow crushes his head. Eben arrives at the station, where he is then forced to kill Carter (Nathaniel Lees), who has been bitten and is turning into a vampire.

text: Two weeks later, Stella and Eben see the deputy, Billy (Manu Bennett), signaling them with a flashlight and bring him back to the station, after finding out he killed his family to save them from a more painful death. The trio find the others have made for the utilidor, a power and sewage treatment station that still has power, and head over there but are separated after Stella saves Gail Robbins (Rachel Maitland-Smith), a young girl whose family was slaughtered by a vampire named Zurial (John Rawls) who was stalking her. Eben and Billy make it to the utilidor but are attacked by Arvin (Andrew Stehlin), who bites Billy; Billy knocks Arvin into the heavy-duty shredder, and in doing so, painfully grinds his own hand to a stump by accident, before being killed by Eben because he is starting to turn.

text: As the month comes to an end, with the sun due to rise, the vampires start to burn down the town to destroy evidence of their presence, and prevent any survivors from telling the world what happened. Realizing Stella is trapped and that he cannot beat the vampires in his current state, Eben turns himself into a vampire by injecting himself with Billy's infected blood. He confronts Marlow, and they get into a vicious fight, before Marlow is finally killed by having a hole punched through his head, causing the remaining vampires to flee. Knowing he will die soon, Eben and Stella go off to watch the sunrise together, sharing one last kiss. As the sun comes up, Eben's body burns to ash in Stella's arms, while she stares at the sky, coming to grips with what has happened.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Hartnett as Sheriff Eben Oleson
Melissa George as Stella Oleson
Danny Huston as Marlow
Ben Foster as The Stranger
Mark Boone Junior as Beau Brower
Mark Rendall as Jake Oleson
Amber Sainsbury as Denise
Manu Bennett as Deputy Billy Kitka
Megan Franich as Iris
Joel Tobeck as Doug Hertz
Elizabeth Hawthorne as Lucy Ikos
Nathaniel Lees as Carter Davies
Craig Hall as Wilson Bulosan
Chic Littlewood as Isaac Bulosan
Peter Feeney as John Riis
Andrew Stehlin as Arvin
John Rawls as Zurial
Jared Turner as Aaron
Kelson Henderson as Gabe
Pua Magasiva as Malekai Hamm
Grant Tilly as Gus
Rachel Maitland-Smith as Gail
Kate Elliott as Dawn
Jacob Tomuri as Seth

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: 30 Days of Night author Steve Niles conceived of the story in the form of a comic, but—after meeting a lack of interest in initial pitches—tried to pitch it as a film. When this did not work out, Niles shelved the idea until he showed it to IDW Publishing. IDW published the comic and Ben Templesmith provided the artwork.[3] When Niles and his agent, Jon Levin, shopped the comic around again as a potential film adaptation, Niles found that the idea "went shockingly well," with Sam Raimi and Senator International picking up the property rights based on the original concept and Templesmith's unique mood and concepts for the vampires.[4]

text: According to Raimi, the potential project was "unlike the horror films of recent years".[5]

text: Following the publication of the 30 Days of Night comic book miniseries in 2002, studios, including DreamWorks, MGM and Senator International, bid in the $1 million range for rights to a potential vampire film based on the story. Raimi expressed interest in adapting the miniseries and was negotiating a production deal with his producing partner Robert Tapert to establish a label with Senator Entertainment, of which Senator International is the sales division.[6] In July 2002, Senator International acquired the rights for 30 Days of Night in a seven-figure deal with Raimi and Tapert attached as producers.

text: By October 2002, Niles was working on adapting 30 Days of Night for the big screen, keeping the film true to the miniseries, though fleshing out the characters more significantly in the adaptation process.[7] In February 2003, Columbia Pictures partnered with Senator International to work on 30 Days of Night, which was developing under Senator International's newly established production company, Ghost House Pictures. Mike Richardson, the Dark Horse Comics publisher who supported the adaptation project from the beginning, after having turned down an offer to initially publish the project, was attached as executive producer.[8]  The following March, Richardson revealed that Steve Niles had turned in the initial draft for the 30 Days of Night screenplay.[9] In March 2004, however, Columbia Pictures requested that Niles's initial screenplay to be rewritten in preparation for production.[10] Sue Binder, the business manager of Ghost House Pictures, indicated that filming for 30 Days of Night was still at least a year away, as Ghost House planned to produce three films before the vampire thriller.[10] The following May, Stuart Beattie, one of the writers for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, was rewriting Niles' 30 Days of Night draft for production.[11] Niles was pleased with Beattie's faithfully rewritten script, which was submitted to the studio in October 2004.[12]

text: In September 2005, it was announced that director David Slade had signed on to 30 Days of Night, which would be distributed by Columbia Pictures mainly in North America and Mandate Pictures in international territories.[13] In March 2006, Slade revealed that screenwriter Brian Nelson, who wrote the screenplay for Slade's previous film Hard Candy, was writing a new draft of the 30 Days of Night script, replacing Beattie's draft.[14]  The director said that filming would begin in summer 2006 in Alaska and New Zealand.[14]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In June 2006, it was announced that Josh Hartnett was cast as the husband of the married couple that serves as the town's sheriff team. Some criticized the choice because the main character (Eben Olemaun, with the last name changed to Oleson for the motion picture adaption) was originally Inuit in the comics.[15] Melissa George joined the 30 Days of Night cast as the wife of Hartnett's character.[16] Danny Huston joined the cast as the leader of the vampires.[17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming did not begin immediately, but in a September 2006 interview, executive producer Mike Richardson said that 30 Days of Night would be shot on 35 mm film, though there had been discussion to shoot the film on Genesis.[18]  In an interview prior to filming, Slade explained that the illustrations of the graphic novel's illustrator, Ben Templesmith, would be reflected in production design. Slade also considered Nelson's draft to be the most faithful to the graphic novel. He also stated his intention to make a "scary vampire film", of which he didn't think there were many. "The rest of them, they fall into all kinds of traps. We're going to try to do our best... and one of the ways we have to do it is be more naturalistic than the graphic novel, because it's very over-the-top," said Slade.[19]  There was also concern expressed that while the vampires needed to communicate, talking might lessen the effect. To counter this, a fictional vampire language, with click consonants, was constructed with the help of a professor of linguistics and the nearby University of Auckland.  Slade explained "we designed this really simple language that didn't sound like any particular accent that you would be aware of, that was based around really simple actions, eating, hunting, yes, no, really basic, because that's what vampires do."[20]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: By February 2007, the production phase was completed, and a rough cut of the film was prepared.[21]  In April, composer Brian Reitzell was hired to score the film.[22]

text: Music[edit]

text: Brian Reitzell composed the film's score. A soundtrack was released by Invada Records, with an artwork by Marc Bessant in summer 2015 on Vinyl.[23]

text: Novelization[edit]

text: To coincide with the film's release, a novelization by Tim Lebbon was published by Pocket Star on September 25, 2007.[24] It is one of six novels based on the franchise.

text: Tim Lebbon (September 25, 2007). 30 Days of Night (Mass Market Paperback). Novelization of the film. Pocket Star. ISBN 978-1-4165-4497-5.

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: 30 Days of Night was released in 2,855 cinemas in the United States and Canada on October 19, 2007. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $15,951,902,[2] placing first in the box office.[25] The film grossed $39,568,996 in the United States and Canada and $35,735,361 overseas. It has grossed $75,304,357 worldwide.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2016)

text: On the review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 51% score based on 157 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's consensus states: "While 30 Days of Night offers a few thrills, it ultimately succumbs to erratic execution."[26] Metacritic reports a score of 53 out of 100 from 29 reviews, considered to be mixed or average reviews.[27] Roger Ebert gave the film 2.5 stars out of a possible 4. He criticized several plot holes, such as the vampires moving with supernatural speed in some attacks but ponderous slowness in others, but also singled out Danny Huston for being "quite convincing" as the vampire leader and summed up the film as "well-made, well-photographed and plausibly acted, and is better than it needs to be."[28]

text: Home media[edit]

text: 30 Days of Night was released February 26, 2008 on DVD, Blu-ray, and UMD for PlayStation Portable in the United States. DVD sales brought in $26,949,780 in revenue, from 1,429,600 sold DVD units. This does not include Blu-ray sales.[29] The DVD is a single disc and includes eight featurettes, one of which is a full episode of the anime Blood+. The UK Region 2 release is a two disc special edition, released in April 2008. Despite being exactly the same as the theatrical release, the BBFC reclassified the film from a 15 to an 18. Even though it still only has the eight featurettes on the second disc, it includes a bonus 30 Days of Night graphic novel.

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A straight-to-DVD sequel entitled Dark Days was released on October 5, 2010.[30] The script for the sequel was written by Steve Niles and Ben Ketai with Ketai also positioned as director. When filming began on October 20, 2009, Rhys Coiro and Mia Kirshner were named as leads, with Kirshner playing the lead vampire villain Lilith.[31] Other cast named included Harold Perrineau, Kiele Sanchez, Diora Baird, Rhys Coiro, and Monique Ganderton.[32]  Three days after filming began, Niles revealed that Kiele Sanchez replaced Melissa George in the role of Stella Oleson.[33] The sequel was produced on a lower budget, but being straight-to-video allowed the writers to more closely follow the comic book.[34]


document_title: Roberta Flack

question_text: who is the original singer of the song killing me softly

text: Roberta Flack

text: Early life[edit]

text: Flack lived with a musical family, born in Black Mountain, North Carolina to parents Laron LeRoy and Irene Council[4] Flack[5] a church organist,[6] on February 10, 1937[7][2] and raised in Arlington, Virginia.[8] Her interests in performing were inspired when she discovered the work of Mahalia Jackson and Sam Cooke while singing in a predominantly African-American Baptist church.[citation needed]

text: When Flack was nine, she started taking an interest in playing the piano,[5] and during her early teens, Flack so excelled at classical piano that Howard University awarded her a full music scholarship.[9] By age 15, she entered Howard University, making her one of the youngest students ever to enroll there. She eventually changed her major from piano to voice, and became an assistant conductor of the university choir. Her direction of a production of Aida received a standing ovation from the Howard University faculty. Flack is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority and was made an honorary member of Tau Beta Sigma by the Eta Delta Chapter at Howard University for her outstanding work in promoting music education.

text: Roberta Flack became a student teacher at a school near Chevy Chase, Maryland. She graduated from Howard University at 19 and began graduate studies in music, but the sudden death of her father forced her to take a job teaching music and English in Farmville, North Carolina.[10]

text: Career[edit]

text: Early career[edit]

text: Before becoming a professional singer-songwriter, Flack returned to Washington, D.C. and taught at Browne Junior High and Rabaut Junior High. She also taught private piano lessons out of her home on Euclid St. NW. During this period, her music career began to take shape on evenings and weekends in Washington, D.C. area night spots. At the Tivoli Club, she accompanied opera singers at the piano. During intermissions, she would sing blues, folk, and pop standards in a back room, accompanying herself on the piano. Later, she performed several nights a week at the 1520 Club, again providing her own piano accompaniment. Around this time, her voice teacher, Frederick "Wilkie" Wilkerson, told her that he saw a brighter future for her in pop music than in the classics. She modified her repertoire accordingly and her reputation spread.[citation needed] Flack began singing professionally after being hired to perform regularly at Mr. Henry's Restaurant, on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC in 1968.[11][12]

text: The atmosphere in Mr. Henry’s was welcoming and the club turned into a showcase for the young music teacher. Her voice mesmerized locals and word spread. A-list entertainers who were appearing in town would come in late at night to hear her sing (frequent visitors included Woody Allen, Bill Cosby, Ramsey Lewis and others).

text: As Yaffe recalled, “She told me if I could give her work there three nights a week, she would quit teaching.” He did and she did.

text: To meet Roberta’s exacting standards, Yaffe transformed the apartment above the bar into the Roberta Flack Room. “I got the oak paneling from the old Dodge Hotel near Union Station. I put in heavy upholstered chairs, sort of a conservative style from the 50s and an acoustical system designed especially for Roberta. She was very demanding. She was a perfectionist.”

text: Les McCann discovered Flack singing and playing jazz in a Washington nightclub.[5] He later said on the liner notes of what would be her first album First Take noted below, "Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion I've ever known. I laughed, cried, and screamed for more...she alone had the voice." Very quickly, he arranged an audition for her with Atlantic Records, during which she played 42 songs in 3 hours for producer Joel Dorn. In November 1968, she recorded 39 song demos in less than 10 hours. Three months later, Atlantic reportedly recorded Roberta's debut album, First Take, in a mere 10 hours.[8] Flack later spoke of those studio sessions as a "very naive and beautiful approach... I was comfortable with the music because I had worked on all these songs for all the years I had worked at Mr. Henry's."

text: In 1971, Flack was a member of the legendary 1971 Soul to Soul concert film by Denis Sanders, which was headlined by soul singer Wilson Picket along with R&B duo Ike & Tina Turner, the Santana band featuring electric guitarist and Mexican-American Carlos Santana, gospel, soul, and R&B group The Staple Singers, soul pianist/vocalist Les McCann and saxophonist Eddie Harris, and The Voices of Harlem among others. The U.S. delegation of musical artists was invited to perform for 14th anniversary of African independence in Ghana.[13] The film was digitally reissued as DVD and CD packet in 2004 but Roberta Flack declined permission for her image and recording to be included for unknown reasons. Her captivating a cappella performance of the traditional spiritual "Oh Freedom" retitled "Freedom Song" on the original Soul to Soul LP soundtrack is only available in the VHS version of the film.[14][15]

text: Flack's cover version of "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" hit number 76 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972. Her Atlantic recordings did not sell particularly well, until actor/director Clint Eastwood chose a song from First Take, "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" written by Ewan MacColl, for the sound track of his directorial debut Play Misty for Me; it became the biggest hit of the year for 1972 – spending six consecutive weeks at #1 and earning Flack a million-selling Gold disc.[16] The First Take album also went to #1 and eventually sold 1.9 million copies in the United States. Eastwood, who paid $2,000 for the use of the song in the film,[17] has remained an admirer and friend of Flack's ever since. It was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1973. In 1983, she recorded the end music to the Dirty Harry film Sudden Impact at Eastwood's request.[8]

text: In 1972, Flack began recording regularly with Donny Hathaway, scoring hits such as the Grammy-winning "Where Is the Love" (1972) and later "The Closer I Get to You" (1978) – both million-selling gold singles.[16] Flack and Hathaway recorded several duets together, including two LPs, until Hathaway's 1979 death.[citation needed]

text: On her own, Flack scored her second #1 hit in 1973, "Killing Me Softly with His Song" written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel, and originally performed by Lori Lieberman.[18] It was awarded both Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female at the 1974 Grammy Awards. Its parent album was Flack's biggest-selling disc, eventually earning double platinum certification. In 1974, Flack released "Feel Like Makin' Love," which became her third and final #1 hit to date on the Hot 100. That same year, Flack sang the lead on a Sherman Brothers song called "Freedom", which featured prominently at the opening and closing of the movie Huckleberry Finn.

text: Roberta Flack had a 1982 hit single with "Making Love", written by Burt Bacharach (the title track of the 1982 film of the same name), which reached #13. She began working with Peabo Bryson with more limited success, charting as high as #5 on the R&B chart (plus #16 Pop and #4 Adult Contemporary) with "Tonight, I Celebrate My Love" in 1983. Her next two singles with Bryson, "You're Looking Like Love To Me" and "I Just Came Here To Dance," fared better on adult contemporary (AC) radio than on pop or R&B radio.

text: In 1986, Flack sang the theme song entitled "Together Through the Years" for the NBC television series Valerie, later known as The Hogan Family. The song was used throughout the show's six seasons. Oasis was released in 1988 and failed to make an impact with pop audiences, though the title track reached #1 on the R&B chart and a remix of "Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)" topped the dance chart in 1989. Flack found herself again in the US Top 10 with the hit song "Set the Night to Music", a 1991 duet with Jamaican vocalist Maxi Priest that peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and #2 AC. Flack's smooth R&B sound lent itself easily to Easy Listening airplay during the 1970s, and she has had four #1 AC hits.

text: Later career[edit]

text: In 1999, a star with Flack's name was placed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[9] That same year, she gave a concert tour in South Africa; the final performance was attended by President Nelson Mandela. In 2010, she appeared on the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, singing a duet of "Where Is The Love" with Maxwell.

text: In February 2012, Flack released Let it Be Roberta, an album of Beatles covers including "Hey Jude" and "Let It Be". It was her first recording in over eight years.[19] Flack knew John Lennon and Yoko Ono, as both households moved in 1975 into The Dakota apartment building in New York City, and had apartments across the hall from each other. Flack has stated that she has already been asked to do a second album of Beatles covers.[20] She is currently involved in an interpretative album of the Beatles' classics.[21]

text: Critical reputation[edit]

text: Flack's minimalist, classically trained approach to her songs was seen by a number of critics as lacking in grit and uncharacteristic of soul music. According to music scholar Eric Weisbard, her work was regularly described with the adjectives "boring", "depressing", "lifeless", "studied", and "calculated";[22] AllMusic's Steve Huey said it has been called "classy, urbane, reserved, smooth, and sophisticated".[23] In 1971, Village Voice critic Robert Christgau reported that "Flack is generally regarded as the most significant new black woman singer since Aretha Franklin, and at moments she sounds kind, intelligent, and very likable. But she often exhibits the gratuitous gentility you'd expect of someone who says 'between you and I.'"

text: Reviewing her body of work from the 1970s, he later argued that the singer "has nothing whatsoever to do with rock and roll or rhythm and blues and almost nothing to do with soul", comparing her middle-of-the-road aesthetic to Barry Manilow but with better taste, which he believed does not necessarily guarantee more enduring music: "In the long run, pop lies are improved by vulgarity."[22]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Flack is a member of the Artist Empowerment Coalition, which advocates the right of artists to control their creative properties. She is also a spokeswoman for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; her appearance in commercials for the ASPCA featured "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face". In the Bronx section of New York City, the Hyde Leadership Charter School's after-school music program is called "The Roberta Flack School of Music" and is in partnership with Flack, who founded the school, which provides free music education to underprivileged students.[24]

text: Between 1966 and 1972, she was married to Steve Novosel.[5] Flack is the aunt of professional ice skater Rory Flack. She is mother to rhythm and blues musician Bernard Wright.[25][26]

text: According to DNA analysis, she is of Cameroonian descent.[27]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Her collaboration with Donny Hathaway is mentioned in the song "What A Catch, Donnie" on Fall Out Boy's fourth studio album, Folie à Deux.

text: American experimental producer Flying Lotus had a song named after her ("RobertaFlack") on his Los Angeles album.[28]

text: In 1991, Hong Kong singer Sandy Lam recorded a cover version of "And So It Goes" called "微涼" in the album 夢了、瘋了、倦了. Although it was not officially promoted by the record company, it was played by many DJs.

text: In the Red Hot Chili Peppers' song "My Lovely Man", on the album Blood Sugar Sex Magik, Anthony Kiedis sang "I listen to Roberta Flack, but I know you won't come back."

text: She is a favorite singer of Vic Wilcox, manager of an engineering firm in David Lodge's campus/industrial novel Nice Work, winner of the Sunday Express Book of the Year award in 1988.

text: In the 2014 Marvel movie X-Men: Days of Future Past, her hit "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" is playing on the radio in the room when Hugh Jackman's character, Wolverine's consciousness initially arrives back in 1973.

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Flack was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.[29]

text: Grammy Awards[edit]

text: The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Flack has received four awards from thirteen nominations.[30]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

1972
"You've Got a Friend" (with Donny Hathaway)
Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group
Nominated

1973
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
Record of the Year
Won

Quiet Fire
Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female
Nominated

"Where Is the Love" (with Donny Hathaway)
Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus
Won

1974
Killing Me Softly
Album of the Year
Nominated

"Killing Me Softly with His Song"
Record of the Year
Won

Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female
Won

1975
"Feel Like Makin' Love"
Record of the Year
Nominated

Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female
Nominated

1979
"The Closer I Get to You" (with Donny Hathaway)
Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group
Nominated

1981
Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway
Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female
Nominated

"Back Together Again" (with Donny Hathaway)
Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal
Nominated

1995
Roberta
Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance
Nominated

text: American Music Awards[edit]

text: The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Flack has received one award from six nominations.

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

1974

Favorite Female Artist (Pop/Rock)
Nominated

Favorite Female Artist (Soul/R&B)
Won

"Killing Me Softly with His Song"
Favorite Single (Pop/Rock)
Nominated

1975

Favorite Female Artist (Soul/R&B)
Nominated

"Feel Like Makin' Love"
Favorite Single (Soul/R&B)
Nominated

1979

Favorite Female Artist (Soul/R&B)
Nominated

text: Discography[edit]

text:
First Take (1969)
Chapter Two (1970)
Quiet Fire (1971)
Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway (1972)
Killing Me Softly (1973)
Feel Like Makin' Love (1975)
Blue Lights in the Basement (1977)
Roberta Flack (1978)
Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway (1979)
I'm the One (1982)
Born to Love (1983)
Oasis (1988)
Set the Night to Music (1991)
Roberta (1994)
The Christmas Album (1997)
Holiday (2003)
Let It Be Roberta (2012)