document_title: Black-eyed pea

question_text: who eats black eyed peas for new years

question_tokens: who eats black eyed peas for new years

root

text: Black-eyed pea

text: History[edit]

text: The first domestication probably occurred in West Africa,[1] but the black-eyed pea is widely grown in many countries in Asia; it was introduced into the Southern United States as early as the 17th century in Virginia. Most of the black-eyed pea cultivation in the region, however, took firmer hold in Florida and the Carolinas during the 18th century, reaching Virginia in full force following the American Revolution.[2] The crop would also eventually prove popular in Texas. Throughout the South, the black-eyed pea is still a widely used ingredient in soul food and cuisines of the Southern United States. The planting of crops of black-eyed peas was promoted by George Washington Carver because, as a legume, it adds nitrogen to the soil and has high nutritional value. Black-eyed peas contain calcium (41 mg) folate (356 mcg), protein (13.22 g), fiber (11.1 g) and vitamin A (26 IU), among other nutrients, all for less than 200 Calories, in a 171-g, one-cup serving.[3]

tag: p

text: Cultivation[edit]

text: This heat-loving crop should be sown after all danger of frost has passed and the soil is warm. Seeds sown too early will rot before germination. Black-eyed peas are extremely drought tolerant, so excessive watering should be avoided.

text: The crop is relatively free of pests and disease. Root-knot nematodes can be a problem, especially if crops are not rotated. As a nitrogen-fixing legume, fertilization can exclude nitrogen three weeks after germination.

text: The blossom produces nectar plentifully, and large areas can be a source of honey. Because the bloom attracts a variety of pollinators, care must be taken in the application of insecticides to avoid label violations.

text: After planting the pea, it should start to grow after 2–5 days

text: Lucky New Year food[edit]

text: Southern United States[edit]

text: In the Southern United States, eating black-eyed peas or Hoppin' John (a traditional soul food) on New Year's Day is thought to bring prosperity in the new year.[4] The peas are typically cooked with a pork product for flavoring (such as bacon, fatback, ham bones, or hog jowls) and diced onion, and served with a hot chili sauce or a pepper-flavored vinegar. The traditional meal also includes collard, turnip, or mustard greens, and ham. The peas, since they swell when cooked, symbolize prosperity; the greens symbolize money; the pork, because pigs root forward when foraging, represents positive motion.[5] Cornbread, which represents gold, also often accompanies this meal.[citation needed]

text: There are several legends as to the origin of this custom. Two popular explanations for the South’s association with peas and good luck dates back to the American Civil War. The first is associated with General William T. Sherman’s march of the Union Army to the sea, during which they pillaged the Confederates' food supplies. Stories say peas and salted pork were said to have been left untouched, because of the belief that they were animal food unfit for human consumption. Southerners considered themselves lucky to be left with some supplies to help them survive the winter, and black-eyed peas evolved into a representation of good luck. One challenge to this legend is that General Sherman brought backup supplies with him including three days of animal feed[6] and would have been unlikely to have left even animal feed untouched. In addition, the dates of the first average frost for Atlanta and Savannah, respectively, are November 13 and November 28.[7] As Sherman's march was from November 15 to December 21, 1864, it is improbable, although possible, that the Union Army would have come across standing fields of black eyed peas as relayed in most versions of the legend. In another Southern tradition, black-eyed peas was a symbol of emancipation for African-Americans who had previously been enslaved, and who after the Civil War were officially freed on New Years Day.[8][9] Other Southern American traditions point to Jews of Ashkenazi and Sephardic ancestry in Southern cities and plantations.[10]

text: Culinary uses worldwide[edit]

text:
Mature black-eyed peas
cooked, no salt

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy
484 kJ (116 kcal)

Carbohydrates

20.76 g

Sugars
3.3 g

Dietary fiber
6.5 g

Fat

0.53 g

Protein

7.73 g

Vitamins

Thiamine (B1)

(18%)
0.202 mg

Riboflavin (B2)

(5%)
0.055 mg

Niacin (B3)

(3%)
0.495 mg

Pantothenic acid (B5)

(8%)
0.411 mg

Vitamin B6

(8%)
0.1 mg

Folate (B9)

(52%)
208 μg

Vitamin E

(2%)
0.28 mg

Vitamin K

(2%)
1.7 μg

Minerals

Calcium

(2%)
24 mg

Iron

(19%)
2.51 mg

Magnesium

(15%)
53 mg

Manganese

(23%)
0.475 mg

Phosphorus

(22%)
156 mg

Potassium

(6%)
278 mg

Sodium

(0%)
4 mg

Zinc

(14%)
1.29 mg

Link to USDA Database entry

Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

tag: table

text: Africa and Middle East[edit]

text: In Egypt, black-eyed peas are called lobia. Cooked with onions, garlic, meat, and tomato juice, and served with Egyptian rice with some pastina called shaerya mixed in, it makes the most famous rice dish in Egypt.

text: In Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, lobya or green black-eyed-beans are cooked with onion, garlic, tomatoes, peeled and chopped, olive oil, salt and black pepper.

text: In West Africa and the Caribbean, a traditional dish called akara is made of mashed black-eyed peas to which is added salt, onions and/or peppers. The mixture is then fried.[11]

text: Asia and the Pacific[edit]

text: In Indonesia, black-eyed peas are called kacang tunggak or kacang tolo in the local language. They are commonly used in curry dishes such as sambal goreng, a kind of hot and spicy red curry dish, sayur brongkos, or sayur lodeh.

text: In North India, black-eyed peas are called lobia or rongi and cooked like daal, served with boiled rice.[12] In Maharashtra they are called chawli (pronounced chau-lee) and made into a curry called chawli amti[13] or chawli usal. In Karnataka they are called alsande kalu and used in the preparation of huli, a popular type of curry.[14] In South Kanara district they are called as 'Lathanay dha beeja' and are cooked in spiced coconut paste to make a saucy curry or a dry coconut curry. In Tamil Nadu they are called karamani and used in various recipes, including being boiled and made into a salad-like sundal (often during the Ganesh Chaturthi and Navratri festivals).[15] In Vietnam, black-eyed peas are used in a sweet dessert called chè đậu trắng (black-eyed peas and sticky rice with coconut milk).

text: Europe[edit]

text: In Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey (börülce salatası), black-eyed peas are eaten with vegetables, oil, salt, and lemon.[16]

text: In Portugal, black-eyed peas are served with boiled cod and potatoes, with tuna, and in salads.

text: The Americas[edit]

text: "Hoppin' John", made of black-eyed peas, rice, and pork, is a traditional dish of Southern United States.

text: Texas caviar, another traditional dish in the American South, is made from black-eyed peas marinated in vinaigrette-style dressing and chopped garlic, and served cold.[17]

text: In Brazil's northeastern state of Bahia, especially in the city of Salvador, black-eyed peas are used in a traditional street food of Nigerian origin called akara. The beans are peeled and mashed, and the resulting paste is made into balls and deep fried in dendê. Acarajé is typically served split in half and stuffed with vatapá, caruru, diced green and red tomatoes, fried sun-dried shrimp and homemade hot sauce.

text: In the northern part of Colombia, they are used to prepare a fritter called buñuelo. The beans are immersed in water for a few hours to loosen their skins and soften them. The skins are then removed either by hand or with the help of a manual grinder. Once the skins are removed, the bean is ground or blended, and eggs are added, which produces a soft mix. The mix is fried in hot oil. It makes a nutritious breakfast meal.

text: In Guyana, South America, and Trinidad and Tobago, it is one of the most popular type of beans cooked with rice, the main one being red kidney beans, also referred to as red beans. It is also cooked as a snack or appetizer on its own. On New Year's Eve (referred to as Old Year's Night in Guyana and Suriname), families cook a traditional dish called cook-up rice. The dish comprises rice, black-eyed peas, and other peas and a variety of meats cooked in coconut milk and seasonings. According to tradition, cook-up rice should be the first thing consumed in the New Year for good luck. Cook-up rice is also made as an everyday dish.

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: The Black Eyed Peas is the name of an American hip-hop band.


document_title: Walking Tall (1973 film)

question_text: who played the first buford pusser in walking tall

text: Walking Tall (1973 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Buford Pusser (Joe Don Baker), at his wife Pauline's (Elizabeth Hartman) behest, retires from the professional wrestling ring and moves back to Tennessee to start a logging business with his father, Carl Pusser (Noah Beery, Jr.).

text: With a friend, he visits a gambling and prostitution establishment, the Lucky Spot, and is beaten up after catching the house cheating at craps. Pusser is seriously injured with a knife and receives over 200 stitches. He complains to the sheriff but is ignored, and soon becomes aware of the rampant corruption in McNairy County. Later, working at his father's lumber mill, Pusser makes a club out of a tree branch. Late one night, Pusser waits until after the Lucky Spot is closed and beats up the same thugs that left him for dead. The next day, Pusser is arrested and represents himself at trial. At one point, he rips off his shirt and shows the jury his scars. He informs them that "If you let them do this to me and get away with it, then you're giving them the eternal right to do the same damn thing to any one of you!" The jury finds Pusser not guilty, and he decides to clean up the county and runs for sheriff. The campaign is contentious against the incumbent sheriff who is killed trying to run Pusser off the road. Pusser is elected, and becomes famous for being incorruptible, intolerant of crime, and for his array of four-foot hickory clubs which he uses to great effect in dispatching criminals and destroying their clandestine gambling dens and illegal distilleries.

text: Some residents praise Pusser as an honest cop in a crooked town; others denounce him as a bully willing to break some laws to uphold others. Pusser is betrayed by one of his deputies and is attacked several times. Finally, he and Pauline are ambushed in their car. Pauline is killed and Pusser is seriously injured. He is admitted to the hospital after being shot and while still in a neck and face cast, attends his wife's funeral. Afterward he rams a sheriff cruiser through the front doors of the Lucky Spot, killing two of his would-be assassins.

text: As he leaves with two deputies, the townspeople arrive and begin throwing the gambling tables out into the parking lot. They light a bonfire as an overwhelmed Pusser wipes tears from his eyes.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Joe Don Baker as Buford Pusser
Elizabeth Hartman as Pauline Pusser
Lurene Tuttle as Helen Pusser
Noah Beery, Jr. as Carl Pusser
Dawn Lyn as Dwana Pusser
Leif Garrett as Mike Pusser
Felton Perry as Obra Eaker
Logan Ramsey as John Witter
Rosemary Murphy as Callie Hacker
Gene Evans as Sheriff Al Thurman
Bruce Glover as Grady Coker
Kenneth Tobey as Augie Mccullah
Don Keefer as Dr. Lamar Stivers
Douglas Fowley as Judge Clarke
Pepper Martin as Zolan Dicks
Ted Jordan as Virgil Button
Red West as Sheriff Tanner
Brenda Benet (Brenda Benét) as Luan Paxton
Arch Johnson as Buel Jaggers
Russell Thorson as Ferrin Meaks
Gil Perkins as 1st Bouncer
Carey Loftin as Dice Player
Warner Venetz as Stickman
Gene LeBell as 2nd Bouncer
Del Monroe as Otie Doss

tag: ul

text: Sequels[edit]

text: The original Walking Tall was a hit, but the sequels, Walking Tall Part 2 (September 28, 1975), and Walking Tall: Final Chapter (August 10, 1977), both starring Bo Svenson, were far less profitable. On December 9, 1978, CBS aired A Real American Hero, with Brian Dennehy as Buford Pusser.

text: Remake[edit]

text: In 1978, CBS aired a television movie titled A Real American Hero: Buford Pusser, starring Brian Dennehy as the title character. The film is set in 1967 and focused on the real-life sheriff Buford Pusser who goes after a criminal who has killed young people with his illegal moonshine.

text: In 2004, a remake starring professional wrestler Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson was made. Although it utilized many elements from Pusser's life and the original Walking Tall, many things were changed. Johnson's character's name was now Chris Vaughn, the sheriff is trying to stop the selling of illegal drugs instead of illegal moonshine, and the film's setting became semi-rural Kitsap County, Washington, although it was filmed in Squamish, B.C., Canada. Two sequels to the remake were produced, and released in 2007: Walking Tall: The Payback and Walking Tall: Lone Justice, both made in Dallas, Texas and released directly to DVD. These sequels starred Kevin Sorbo as Nick Prescott, the son of the town's sheriff who takes the law into his own hands when his father is killed in a suspicious car accident.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film holds a 75% "Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes.[3]

text: Walking Tall was a box office smash. Produced on a budget of $500,000, the film grossed $23 million domestically,[1] earning an estimated $8.5 million in North American theatrical rentals in 1973.[4]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Buford Pusser – Nominated Hero[5]


document_title: Tour de Pharmacy

question_text: who played slim robinson in tour de pharmacy

text: Tour de Pharmacy

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the first day of the 1982 Tour de France, Italian cyclist JuJu Peppi (Orlando Bloom) accidentally causes a pileup after attempting to grope a female spectator, which causes a massive brawl to break out between all the other cyclists, postponing the race until further notice. Police find evidence of narcotics being used by the cyclists and it is revealed that UCI president Ditmer Klerken (Kevin Bacon) accepted bribes of $50,000 each from a majority of the competitors to forego preliminary drug testing. Although all the cyclists are suspected of doping, the UCI allows the Tour to continue with the five competitors who didn't pay off Klerken: Peppi, American-born Nigerian cyclist Marty Hass (Andy Samberg), who is resented by Nigeria for being the one to represent the country, French cyclist Adrian Baton (Freddie Highmore), who is secretly a woman named Adrianna Baton disguised as a man so she can compete, African-American cyclist Slim Robinson (Daveed Diggs), nephew of Jackie Robinson who wants to break the color barrier in cycling like Jackie did in baseball, and Austrian cyclist Gustav Ditters (John Cena), who had gained a considerable amount of muscle mass from the previous year due to steroids.

text: Before resuming the race, the five agree to take turns at the front so everyone else can draft to conserve their energy before the finish line. However, when the race resumes, no one is willing to ride up front, so the cyclists attempt to go as slowly as possible to conserve their energy. This allows Robinson to enjoy the scenery and he eventually leaves the race with a female spectator to become the first black French dairy farmer. Before the end of the day, Ditters is taunted by a spectator for being unable to go fast. When the race resumes ten days later, an enraged Ditters goes as fast as possible to win the day, much to the shock of observers. Believing he had used enhancements, police raid his apartment and find that he had been doping himself with cheetah's blood, which gets Ditters disqualified. When the race resumes, Peppi dies when he overexerts himself, causing his heart to explode within his chest, and falls off a cliff.

text: Hass and Baton are the only competitors left, but they end up becoming attracted to each other and pause the race to go have sex in the woods. Hass finds out Baton's true identity and agrees to keep it a secret, which inadvertently turns him into a gay sports icon. When they resume the race, they tie their bicycles together to make sure they both win simultaneously. On the final day of the race, BBC reporter Rex Honeycut (James Marsden), who had ridden alongside the competitors for real time interviews during the race, is told that because he had ridden all laps of the race and registered to ride on the Tour, he is eligible to win the Tour de France and makes an attempt to do so. Baton detaches from Hass and jumps at Honeycut, knocking him to the ground so Hass can win the race. Honeycut is shown to have motorized his bicycle to keep up with the cyclists. Baton's true identity is exposed and is sent to 35 years in prison for manslaughter as Honeycut had been accidentally killed during the scuffle.

text: Hass looks set to win the Tour de France until Robinson, who had missed the thrill of cycling, rushes out to the front and wins the race by 73 feet. Robinson relishes being the first African-American to excel at cycling like his uncle did at baseball, while Hass laments that Baton's sacrifice was in vain.

text: Present day interviews are conducted with Hass (Jeff Goldblum), Baton (Julia Ormond), Robinson (Danny Glover), and Ditters (Dolph Lundgren), along with other outside observers including disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong who insists on remaining anonymous.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Andy Samberg as Marty Hass, Nigerian cyclist

Jeff Goldblum as current-day Marty Hass

Orlando Bloom as JuJu Peppi, Italian cyclist
Freddie Highmore as Adrian Baton, French cyclist

Julia Ormond as current-day Adrian Baton aka Adrianna Baton

Daveed Diggs as Slim Robinson, American cyclist and nephew of Jackie Robinson (fictionally)

Danny Glover as current-day Slim Robinson

John Cena as Gustav Ditters, Austrian cyclist

Dolph Lundgren as current-day Gustav Ditters

James Marsden as Rex Honeycut, a BBC reporter
Will Forte as a French police officer investigating an amphetamine-laced water bottle
Maya Rudolph as Lucy Flerng, editor-in-chief of Cycling Enthusiast Magazine
Kevin Bacon as Ditmer Klerken, former president of UCI
Phylicia Rashad as Victoria Young, an animator
Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Olusegun Okorocha, Marty's childhood neighbor
Nathan Fielder as Stu Ruckman, current head of the World Anti-Doping Agency
Jon Hamm as the narrator
Edgar Wright as the British sports commentator
J. J. Abrams as himself
Lance Armstrong as himself
Mike Tyson as himself
Joe Buck as himself
Chris Webber as himself

text: Production[edit]

text: In looking to make a follow up to 7 Days in Hell, Samberg and his crew looked for a sport that could be displayed cheaply while also having comic potential.[5] In researching, the team found "so much strange behavior surrounding the sport," telling Vulture that "...we felt like it was a funny thing to really exaggerate and blow up for comedic purposes."[5] Although much of the cast consists of fans of the sport this was not a prerequisite. Lance Armstrong's role was written in the knowledge that he might not want to be involved, but after being contacted by Samberg, the cyclist agreed to take part.[5]

text: The film's race scenes were shot over the course of four days, and the interviews filmed over a longer period, to accommodate the stars' schedules.[6] To maintain an 80's aesthetic, much of the race footage was shot on Betamax cameras, with "sideline footage" shot on VHS.[6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Tour de Pharmacy received generally positive reviews, but some criticized Lance Armstrong's appearance.[7][8] The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave it 91% "fresh" ratings based on 11 reviews.[9] Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx praised the film for its silliness.[7]


document_title: Immortal Beloved (film)

question_text: who is the immortal beloved in the movie

text: Immortal Beloved (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Ludwig van Beethoven dies, his assistant and close friend Schindler deals with his last will and testament. It reads that his estate, music and affairs will be left to his "immortal beloved", but there remains a question as to who Beethoven's "immortal beloved", an unnamed woman mentioned in one of his letters, may be. Schindler embarks on a quest to find out who this woman is. He meets the women who played a part in Ludwig's life; through their stories, retrospective footage of Beethoven from his younger years until his death is featured as the film progresses. The conclusion ultimately is that the individual is Johanna Reiss, the daughter of Anton Van Reiss, a prosperous Viennese upholsterer. In the film, she becomes pregnant by Beethoven; when by an accidental turn of events he does not marry her in time, she marries his brother, Kaspar. The love turns to hate, worsened by the long legal battle over custody over their son, Karl van Beethoven (whom everyone believes is Beethoven's nephew). Finally, Ludwig gets custody over his 'nephew', but the strict upbringing and promotion of the boy as another child prodigy—which Karl himself knows all too well he is not—leads to him attempting suicide. Beethoven is blamed and his reputation is ruined.

text: Schindler finally speaks to Johanna, who says she has made her peace with him. She met him at his deathbed, where he gave her a signed letter, giving her custody over Karl. She tells Schindler about their intentions to elope, but Beethoven never showed up, and she felt betrayed. Schindler realizes what happened and gives her the letter to the "Immortal Beloved" in which she finally reads what happened that night they were supposed to meet. Shocked to find out how an unfortunate event and misunderstanding has kept them apart, she visits the grave of Beethoven in the closing scene.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gary Oldman as Ludwig van Beethoven
Jeroen Krabbé as Anton Felix Schindler
Isabella Rossellini as Anna-Marie Erdödy
Johanna ter Steege as Johanna Reiss
Christopher Fulford as Kaspar van Beethoven
Michael Culkin as Jakob Hotscevar
Marco Hofschneider as Karl van Beethoven
Miriam Margolyes as Nanette Streicherova
Barry Humphries as Clemens Metternich
Valeria Golino as Giulietta Guicciardi
Alexandra Pigg as Therese Obermayer
Geno Lechner as Josephine von Brunsvik
Claudia Solti as Theresa von Brunsvik

text: Historical background[edit]

text: After Beethoven's death in 1827, a three-part letter was found among his private papers addressed to a woman whom he called "immortal beloved". Written in the summer of 1812 from the spa town of Teplice, the letter has generated a great deal of speculation and debate amongst scholars and writers as to her identity. Among the candidates are (or were) Giulietta Guicciardi, Thérèse von Brunswick, Josephine Brunsvik, Antonie Brentano, and Anna-Marie Erdödy (some of whom appear in the film).

text: The film's writer and director, Bernard Rose, claimed that he had successfully identified the addressed woman as Johanna, a claim no scholar on Beethoven has endorsed (the film also implies that Karl, Beethoven's nephew, was in reality the couple's son.) Biographer Gail S. Altman disputed Rose's claim in a book[2] devoted specifically to the question of the woman's identity and Beethoven's relationships in general.[3]

text: Music[edit]

text:
The Orchestra: London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Georg Solti
Instrumental soloists

Murray Perahia

text: (in order of appearance)

text:
Symphony No 5, Op. 67.
Für Elise (complete).
Symphony No 3 In E-Flat Major Op.55 Eroica.
Piano Sonata No 14, Moonlight: Adagio Sostenuto.
Symphony No 6, Op. 68, Pastoral: Storm.
Piano Trio No 5 In D Major, Op. 70, No 1 Ghost.
Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61.
Piano Sonata No 8, Pathetique.
Piano Concerto No 5, Emperor (love theme, ending credits).
Missa Solemnis: Kyrie.
Symphony No 7, Op. 92: Allegretto (Karl's theme)
Violin Sonata In A Major, Op. 47, Kreutzer: Adagio sostenuto- Presto.
Symphony No 9, Op 125: Ode to Joy.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Reviews for Immortal Beloved were mixed. From the 31 reviews collected from notable publications by review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, reviews tended towards the positive, with an overall approval rating of 58%.[4] Emanuel Levy gave the film a "C" rating, calling it a "speculative chronicle" that lacks the "vibrant energy and charm" of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart biopic Amadeus (1984). He did, however, praise the "wonderfully recorded and inventively used" Beethoven compositions as well as the casting of Oldman, who he felt was "the perfect actor to portray the arrogant, irascible musician".[5] Of Rotten Tomatoes' "top critics", Roger Ebert was highly complimentary of the film. He gave it 3½ stars out of four, stating in his review: "Immortal Beloved has clearly been made by people who feel Beethoven directly in their hearts". He asserted that Oldman "at first seems an unlikely choice...then we see that he is right".[6] Janet Maslin also offered a positive review, stating: "thanks to its hugely effective use of Beethoven's most thrilling, tumultuous music, this film exerts much the same hypnotic power". She praised the performance of Oldman, writing that "he captures Beethoven as a believably brilliant figure struggling with his deafness and other demons".[7]

text: MSN Movies, in a 2011 publication, wrote: "Oldman's performance is unimpeachable. He dives deep into the role with powerful passion and makes the audience feel the pain of the genius as he loses his hearing and fails to shape his nephew into a similarly talented musician. In the year of '[Forrest] Gump', Oldman was overlooked for a well-deserved Oscar nomination."[8] Also that year Josh Winning of Total Film named Oldman's portrayal of Beethoven as one of the five best performances of his career, saying: "If ever there was a better filmic chameleon than Oldman, we've yet to find one. Immersing himself fully into the role of the German composer, Oldman is here damn near unrecognisable."[9]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The movie debuted strongly[10] and was a modest success, generating $9,914,409 in a domestic-only release.[1]


document_title: List of National Football League annual sacks leaders

question_text: who led the league in sacks in 2017

question_tokens: who led the league in sacks in 2017

text: This is a list of National Football League players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants holds the record with 22.5, which he had during the 2001 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the season leader in sacks. There have only been two players lead in sacks with 2 different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with 4. Six players have led the NFL in sacks more than once, nobody has led more than twice.

text: Sack leaders[edit]

text: Set record*

text:
Year
Player
Sacks
Team

1982
Doug Martin *
11.5
Minnesota Vikings

1983
Mark Gastineau *
19.0
New York Jets

1984
Mark Gastineau *
22.0
New York Jets

1985
Richard Dent
17.0
Chicago Bears

1986
Lawrence Taylor
20.5
New York Giants

1987
Reggie White
21.0
Philadelphia Eagles

1988
Reggie White
18.0
Philadelphia Eagles

1989
Chris Doleman
21.0
Minnesota Vikings

1990
Derrick Thomas
20.0
Kansas City Chiefs

1991
Pat Swilling
17.0
New Orleans Saints

1992
Clyde Simmons
19.0
Philadelphia Eagles

1993
Neil Smith
15.0
Kansas City Chiefs

1994
Kevin Greene
14.0
Pittsburgh Steelers

1995
Bryce Paup
17.5
Buffalo Bills

1996
Kevin Greene
14.5
Carolina Panthers

1997
John Randle
15.5
Minnesota Vikings

1998
Michael Sinclair
16.5
Seattle Seahawks

1999
Kevin Carter
17.0
St. Louis Rams

2000
La'Roi Glover
17.0
New Orleans Saints

2001
Michael Strahan
22.5
New York Giants

2002
Jason Taylor
18.5
Miami Dolphins

2003
Michael Strahan
18.5
New York Giants

2004
Dwight Freeney
16.0
Indianapolis Colts

2005
Derrick Burgess
16.0
Oakland Raiders

2006
Shawne Merriman
17.0
San Diego Chargers

2007
Jared Allen
15.5
Kansas City Chiefs

2008
DeMarcus Ware
20.0
Dallas Cowboys

2009
Elvis Dumervil
17.0
Denver Broncos

2010
DeMarcus Ware
15.5
Dallas Cowboys

2011
Jared Allen
22.0
Minnesota Vikings

2012
J. J. Watt
20.5
Houston Texans

2013
Robert Mathis
19.5
Indianapolis Colts

2014
Justin Houston
22.0
Kansas City Chiefs

2015
J. J. Watt
17.5
Houston Texans

2016
Vic Beasley
15.5
Atlanta Falcons

2017
Chandler Jones
17.0
Arizona Cardinals


document_title: The Amazing Race 30

question_text: who won the first leg of amazing race season 30

question_tokens: who won the first leg of amazing race season 30

text: The Amazing Race 30

text: Production and filming[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: As seen before in seasons 25 and 27, the show's website announced they would begin filming on October 1, 2017, at Washington Square Park in New York City, and invited fans to join them as they saw the new teams off.[1]

text: This season introduced "Head-to-Head" competitions, pitting two teams directly against one another, to the original Race. Such competitions already appeared in several international versions of the show (Latin American, Israeli, Norwegian, Philippine, Chinese, and Canadian). Additionally for the first time, teams swapped partners with another team and ran most of a leg with them instead.

text: This was the first season to not feature any Express Pass since its inception in The Amazing Race 17. It was also the first season not to start or finish in Southern California since The Amazing Race 11.

text: This season of the Race featured a first-time visit to Bahrain.

text: Casting[edit]

text: While the team of Big Brother houseguests Jessica Graf and Cody Nickson from the recently concluded Season 19 was announced earlier, [1] the full cast of 11 teams of two was revealed on December 7, 2017. Among these include former NBA players Cedric Ceballos and Shawn Marion, IndyCar racers Conor Daly and Alexander Rossi, freestyle skiers Kristi Leskinen and Jen Hudak, and competitive eaters Joey Chestnut and Tim Janus.[3]

text: Results[edit]

text: As announced by CBS, the following teams participated in the race. Each team is listed with the unique hashtag team name that the show's graphics use to identify them.

text:
Team
Relationship[5]
Team Name
Position (by leg)
Roadblocks

1
2+
3
4+
5
⋐6⋑
74
8
9
10
11
12

Cody & Jessica
Dating Reality Stars
Team Big Brother
2nd
1st
5th
2nd
6th
6th⊃
5th
5th⊂
4th
2nd
2nd
1st
Cody 6, Jessica 3

Henry & Evan
Dating Debaters
Team Yale
3rd
8th
1st
6th
4th
3rd
3rd
4th⋐
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
Henry 4, Evan 5

Kristi & Jen
Professional Skiers
Team Extreme
1st
3rd
3rd
3rd
2nd
1st
5th
2nd
2nd
3rd
3rd
3rd
Kristi 5, Jen 4

Alex & Conor
IndyCar Drivers
Team IndyCar
5th
5th
2nd
1st
5th
4th
1st
3rd⋑
1st
1st
4th6

Alex 4, Conor 4

Lucas & Brittany
Dating→Engaged Lifeguards3
Team Ocean Rescue
7th
6th
8th
8th
1st
5th
1st
1st⊃
5th5

Lucas 3, Brittany 3

Eric & Daniel
Twins
The Firefighters
8th
9th
7th
7th
3rd
2nd
3rd
6th

Eric 3, Daniel 3

Trevor & Chris
Dating Violinists
Team Well Strung
4th
4th
4th
5th
7th
7th⊂

Trevor 3, Chris 3

Joey & Tim
Competitive Eaters
Team Chomp
6th
7th
6th
4th
8th

Joey 2, Tim 3

Cedric & Shawn
Former NBA Players
Team Slam Dunk
9th1
2nd
9th
9th−

Cedric 2, Shawn 2

April & Sarah
Goat Yoga Moms
Team Goat Yoga
10th
10th−

April 0, Sarah 2

Dessie & Kayla
Models
The Ring Girls
11th2

Dessie 1, Kayla 0

text:
A red team placement means the team was eliminated.
An orange + next to a leg number indicates that there was a Head-to-Head on that leg of the race, while an orange − indicates the team that lost the final Head-to-Head and was eliminated.
A brown ⊃ or a cyan ⋑ indicates that the team chose to use one of the two U-Turns in a Double U-Turn, while a ⊂ or ⋐ indicates the team who received it; ⋐⋑ around a leg number indicates that only one of the two available U-Turns was used.
An underlined blue placement indicates the team came in last on a non-elimination leg and had to perform a Speed Bump during the next leg of the race.
An underlined leg number indicates that there was no mandatory rest period at the Pit Stop and all teams were ordered to continue racing. An underlined team placement indicates that the team came in last on a "continue racing" leg and was ordered to continue racing.

text:
^ Cedric & Shawn initially arrived 8th, but were issued a 30-minute penalty upon reaching the Pit Stop because Cedric provided illegal assistance at the Roadblock. Eric & Daniel checked in during their penalty time, dropping Cedric & Shawn to 9th.
^ April & Sarah and Dessie & Kayla arrived at the mat nearly simultaneously. Because Dessie was the last person to physically step on the mat, Dessie & Kayla were eliminated.
^ At the Leg 5 Pit Stop, after coming in first, Lucas proposed to Brittany. She accepted, and they were engaged for the rest of the race
^ Teams had to swap partners for a duration of the leg. Cody paired with Jen, Jessica paired with Kristi, Lucas paired with Conor, Brittany paired with Alex, Henry paired with Eric, and Evan paired with Daniel. Because of this, in order to check in at the Pit Stop, the teams had to be paired with their original partner. Cody & Jen arrived 1st, Brittany & Alex arrived 2nd, Lucas & Conor arrived 3rd, Daniel & Evan arrived 4th, Eric & Henry arrived 5th, and Jessica & Kristi arrived last. Teams swapped back to their original partners once both partners checked in.
^ Lucas realized that he lost his passport while on a connecting flight from Zimbabwe to Bahrain; they did not arrive in Bahrain until many hours after all the other teams had already checked in at the Pit Stop. When Lucas & Brittany arrived at the Dhow Shipyard, Phil met them to inform them of their elimination.
^ After all the other teams had already checked in at the Pit Stop, while Alex & Conor were still at Lan Kwai Fong, Phil went to see them to inform them of their elimination.

tag: ol

text: Episode title quotes[edit]

text: Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers.[6]

text:
"You're a Champion, Prove It" – Cedric
"You're the Best French Fry Ever" – Trevor
"It's Gonna Be a Fragrant Day" – Trevor
"Gotta Put Your Sole Into it" – Eric
"The Claws Are Out" – Evan
"All's Fair in Love and War" – Brittany
"The First Rule of Amazing Race Club" – Conor
"It's Just a Million Dollars, No Pressure" – Jessica

text: Prizes[edit]

text: The prize for each leg was awarded to the first place team for that leg. Trips were provided by Travelocity. The prizes were:

text:
Leg 1: A trip for two to Santorini, Greece
Leg 2: US$2,500 each
Leg 3: A trip for two to Zurich, Switzerland
Leg 4: US$5,000 each
Leg 5: A trip for two to Bali, Indonesia
Leg 6: A trip for two to Perth, Australia
Leg 7: None[a]
Leg 8: A trip for two to Saint Lucia
Leg 9: US$7,500 each
Leg 10: A trip for two to Curaçao
Leg 11: None
Leg 12: US$1,000,000

text: Race summary[edit]

text:
Destinations
 Air travel    Rail travel    Water travel    Bus travel

Route Markers
 Detour    Roadblock    Fast Forward    U-Turn    Speed Bump    Pit Stop

text: Leg 1 (United States → Iceland)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 3, 2018

text:
New York City, New York, United States  (Washington Square Park) (Starting Line)
 New York City (John F. Kennedy International Airport) to Reykjavík, Iceland  (Keflavík International Airport)
Borgarbyggð (Geitárgljúfur (in German))
Mosfellsbær (Esjumelar)
Reykjavík (Ingólfstorg (in Icelandic))
Reykjavík (Reykjavíkurtjörn – Iðnaðarmannahúsið (in Icelandic))

text: For the first Roadblock of the Race, one team member had to ride an off-road buggy driven by a professional driver in the foothills of Mount Esja. Without taking notes, the team member had to memorize 11 Icelandic letters placed along the riverbed, and was left to notice that each letter had a number denoting its order in the solution. They then had to arrange tiles with those letters in the correct order to spell out the location of their next destination: Ingólfstorg. Once they arranged all the letters in the proper order, they would receive their next clue.

text:
When teams arrived at the Geitárgljùfur, one team member had to pull themselves along a zip-line high above Geitá river's canyon until they could retrieve a flag of Iceland suspended from the line. After grabbing the flag, their partner would pull them back to the canyon's edge. When they reunited, they could exchange the flag for their next clue.
At Ingólfstorg, teams had to find a group of strongmen. When they did, CrossFit Games champion Katrín Davíðsdóttir would ask teams two questions about two national tonics: "What do Icelanders call the drink known as 'Black Death'?" (Brennivín) and "What is Þorskalýsi?" (cod liver oil). When teams were able to provide the correct answers, they would be given a shot of each tonic. When one team member drank a shot of Brennivín and the other drank a shot of Þorskalýsi, they would receive their next clue.

text: At the starting line, after Phil Keoghan said "Go," teams had to find their first clue below the waterline of the park's fountain before making their way to John F. Kennedy International Airport, where the first seven teams would receive tickets for the first flight to Iceland.[7]

text: Leg 2 (Iceland → Belgium)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 10, 2018

text:
Reykjavík (Keflavík International Airport) to Amsterdam, The Netherlands  (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol)
 Amsterdam (Schiphol Airport railway station) to Antwerp, Belgium  (Antwerpen-Centraal railway station)
Antwerp (Paleis op de Meir (in Dutch) – The Chocolate Line)
 Antwerp (Willemdok (in Dutch))
 Antwerp (Plantin-Moretus Museum or Diamond Quarter – ADC Building)
Antwerp (Grote Markt) (Head-to-Head)

text: In this leg's Roadblock, teams had to make their way to Antwerp's waterfront to find the "SkyClimb," a crane with four suspended rope ladders. There, one team member had to climb 100 feet (30 m) to the top of a free hanging ladder while a crane raised teams upwards to retrieve the next clue before the ride ended.

text: The first Detour of the race was a choice of Old Print or Diamond Glint. In Old Print, teams made their way to the Plantin-Moretus Museum. Once there, teams had to arrange type pieces following the example of a provided clue keeping in mind that the type pieces needed to be arranged in a mirror image of their clue. They then had to carry their template to be printed using a printing press. If the printed paper's message matched the provided clue exactly, they would be given the message as their next clue. In Diamond Glint, teams must travel to the ADC Building within the Antwerp diamond district. Once there, teams had to evaluate three diamonds based on their carat, color, and clarity. After weighing and measuring the diamonds and establishing a base rate, teams had to find any imperfections and discolorations and deduct from their values accordingly based on a provided formula. When teams correctly calculated the total value of all three diamonds and added the value to the price of an unfinished necklace, they would receive their next clue.

text:
Due to limited availability of flights, teams were given a set of pre-arranged flights to Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and from there they would need to take a train to Antwerp.
After arriving in Antwerp, teams made their way to The Chocolate Line where a chocolatier named Stan would hand them their next clue.
After the Detour, teams were given a clue, written in Dutch, that required teams to "go to a large public place where you will find the city hall and Silvius Brabo". This clue directed them to the Grote Markt.
At the Grote Markt, teams encountered the first Head-to-Head of the Race, in which two teams competed against each other in a "Frietrace." After both members of both teams donned French fry costumes, each team had to nominate one member to run an obstacle course. While running the course, each participant had to push a dolly with eight bags of frites. Bags of frites that fell off had to be replaced before continuing. A team could immediately check in at the nearby Pit Stop after winning a heat, while the losing team had to wait until the next team arrived. Unlike Roadblocks, losing teams could alternate racers between heats. The team to lose the final heat was eliminated from the race.

text: Leg 3 (Belgium → Morocco)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 17, 2018

text:
Antwerp (Antwerpen-Centraal Railway Station) to Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Schiphol Airport railway station)
 Amsterdam (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol) to Tangier, Morocco  (Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport)
Tangier (Medina Fish Port)
Tangier (Kisariate Jbala Souk)
 Tangier (American Legation Museum, Kasbah Museum (in German) and Tele Boutique)
 Tangier (Grand Socco or Restaurant Mamounia Palace)
Tangier (Moulay Hafid Palace (in French))

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to navigate the streets and rooftops of Tangier similar to a scene from The Bourne Ultimatum. They first made their way to the roof of the American Legation Museum, where the Travelocity Roaming Gnome would zip-line over the city to another rooftop. Team members had to navigate the city's narrow streets to find the roof where the Roaming Gnome landed. When they found the gnome, they were instructed to travel to the Kasbah Museum, where they would perform the same task. After finding the gnome for a second time, team members were instructed to find a payphone at a Tele Boutique. Once there, team members had to use the coins in the gnome's pouch to operate the phone and would listen to the Arabic phrase for Good Morning, Sabah al-khair (صباح الخير). After reiterating this phrase to the shopkeeper, he would hand them their next clue. They could only open their clue once they had reunited with their partner back in the Kisariate Jbala Souk.

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Drop it Off and Shake it Off. In Drop it Off, teams had to travel to a food wholesalers' truck within Grand Socco and pick up crates of squash, chickens, and oranges. Dragging their crates along the ground, they had to deliver specified items to three locations (squash to Bab Kasbah, chickens to Marhaba Palace Restaurant, and oranges to Bab el-Assa), where they would receive a receipt stamped with one of the three words in the name of the Pit Stop. Once they completed all three deliveries, teams could exchange the receipts for the clue directing them to the Pit Stop. In Shake it Off, teams had to travel to the Manounia Palace Restaurant and put on traditional belly dancing attire. They then had to dance among the dancers and musicians in the restaurant while searching for the three words in the name of the Pit Stop. Once they gave the three correct words to the waiter (in any order), he would hand them the clue directing them to the Pit Stop.

text:
In the city's fishing port, teams had to find a marked crate of fish and transfer the fish into a basket. Following an example, teams had to arrange all the fish with their heads facing outwards. When teams filled the basket to the fisherman's satisfaction, they would receive their next clue.
After completing the fish basket task, teams made their way on foot into the Medina quarter and find the Kisariate Jbala Souk where they would greet a merchant with the Arabic greeting of As-salām Alaykum (السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ). They would then receive their next clue and a Travelocity Roaming Gnome.

text: Leg 4 (Morocco → France)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 24, 2018[8]

text:
Tangier (Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport) to Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France  (Nice Côte d'Azur Airport)
Saint-Tropez (Sailing School Water Company De Saint-Tropez)
 Saint-Tropez (La Tarte Tropézienne or Sandales Tropéziennes)
Saint-Tropez (Place des Lices) (Head-to-Head)

text: For their Speed Bump, Cedric & Shawn had to stack a set of fifteen Optimist dinghies in numerical order. When they correctly stacked the dinghies, they could continue racing.

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one member had to attach a sail to an Optimist dinghy, then sail across the bay without being given any prior lessons, and with the boat's rudder removed. Team members had to sail their boat to a set of two buoys, each containing one half of their next clue. If they could grab the two clue halves, they could return to the shore to reunite with their partner and open their next clue.

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Bread or Tread. In Bread, teams made their way to La Tarte Tropézienne where they would meet a baker who would show them how to make a baguette. Then, teams had to form 50 baguettes from 30 pounds (14 kg) of dough. When they shaped all 50 baguettes to the satisfaction of the baker, they would receive their next clue. In Tread, teams made their way to Sandales Tropéziennes, where each of them had to make a Tropezienne sandal. When teams successfully made their sandals, they would receive their next clue.

text: In this leg's Head-to-Head at Place des Lices, two teams competed in a game of pétanque. With one team using black metal balls and the other white, each team member would roll three boules to try to get it as close as possible to a smaller ball on the field known as a jack. Once all team members had taken their turns, the team whose ball was closest to the jack was the winner and could check in at the Pit Stop. The team that lost the final game was eliminated from the race.

text: Leg 5 (France)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 24, 2018[8]

text:
Les Baux-de-Provence (Château des Baux)
Maussane-les-Alpilles (Café de la Fontaine)
 Arles (Arles Amphitheatre or Pont Van Gogh)
Les Baux-de-Provence (Hotel Benvengudo)

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to correctly build a trebuchet from supplied parts following an example. For the duration of the task, the non-participating team member would be held in a stockade. If the soldier was satisfied with their trebuchet, they would receive their next clue.

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Full of Bull or Colorful. In Full of Bull, teams had to check satchels on 100 artificial bulls scattered around the stands of the Arles Amphitheatre to find a total of three ribbons, one in each of the colors of the French flag: one blue, one white, and one red. Once they found all three, they could exchange them with the bullfighter in the ring for their next clue. In Colorful, teams traveled to the recreated Pont Van Gogh. There, they found a replica of one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings of the original Langlois Bridge at Arles, which was actually an elaborate sliding puzzle, requiring them to slide elements of the painting in a specific sequence in order to unlock the easel and retrieve their clue inside.

text: At Café de la Fontaine, teams had to find a patron drinking red wine who would give them their next clue.

text: Leg 6 (France → Czech Republic)[edit]

text: Airdate: January 31, 2018[8]

text:
Arles (Église Notre Dame de la Major (in French))
 Marseille (Marseille Provence Airport) to Prague, Czech Republic  (Prague Václav Havel Airport)
Prague (Rudolfinum)
 Prague (Staropramen Brewery and Náplavka – Fidelio (in Czech) or Charles University)
Prague (Andělská Lázeň Beer Spa)
Prague (Stará Čistírna Odpadních Vod)
Prague (Romantický Hotel U Raka) (Unaired)[9]
Prague (Letenské Park)

text: During the Pit Stop, all teams were moved to the ancient fortification behind Notre Dame de la Major back in Arles to begin this leg of the race. This leg's Detour was a choice between This and That; unlike a normal Detour, teams were only provided the names and locations of the Detour tasks, and would only learn about the task once they arrived at the task location. In This, teams traveled to the Staropramen Brewery, where they had to properly re-stack a pallet of empty beer kegs, searching for the one keg that was full. They then had to tap the keg and properly pour a mug to the satisfaction of the brewmaster. Once approved, they finally had to navigate the streets of Prague transporting the keg on a hand truck to Vltava and find Fidelio, leaving them to figure out that Vltava is the name of the river flowing through Prague and "Fidelio" was the name of a floating vessel (in Czech) docked along Náplavka Riverbank. After successfully delivering the keg, they would receive their next clue from the captain. In That, teams traveled to the astronomy hall at Charles University, where they had to listen to two lecturers in English, one debating that the Earth is round, and the other that it is flat. Without taking any notes, they had to pass an oral exam by answering these questions: (1) What is the distance in miles that Copernicus calculated between the earth and the sun? (3,391,000 miles); (2) What is the name of the second lecturer? (Professor Bergler); (3) Which planet did Copernicus say was the second farthest from the sun? (Jupiter); (4) What is the law which causes objects to disappear as they move away from us? (Law of perspective); (5) Question not shown (blue); (6) Up to how many miles away can a lighthouse be seen? (40 miles); (7) What year did Copernicus publish his astronomical model? (1543); (8) Is the earth round or flat? (round). Once they answer every question correctly, the professor would hand them their next clue.

text: The leg's Roadblock was a switchback to Season 15, where one team member had to enter a room filled with hundreds of ringing telephones and search for the eight that had a person on the other end of the line. A voice from each phone would give the team member one word of a Franz Kafka quote, "The meaning of life is that it stops". Without taking notes, team members had to memorize the eight words, then write them in the correct order on a provided form. If they were correct, the inspector would hand them their next clue.

text: After the Detour, teams traveled to Andělská Lázeň Beer Spa to receive their next clue from patrons bathing in beer.

text: Leg 7 (Czech Republic → Zimbabwe)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 7, 2018[8]

text:
Prague (Prague Václav Havel Airport) to Harare, Zimbabwe  (Harare International Airport)
 Harare (Harare Station) to Marondera (Marondera Train Station)
Marondera (Imire Rhino & Wildlife Conservatory) (Overnight Rest & Partner Swap)
Marondera (Imire Rhino & Wildlife Conservatory – Imire Lake)
Marondera (Imire Rhino & Wildlife Conservatory – Lookout Tower)
Marondera (Imire Rhino & Wildlife Conservatory – Savannah Plains Overlook)

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Rhino Track and Bush Whack. In Rhino Track, teams had to ride horses with a guide along a marked path through the reserve, along the way spotting and collecting eight pieces of evidence left behind by poachers in designated locations. Once all eight were collected, they returned to the starting point to receive a map of the reserve with photographs of the locations. They had to correctly place all eight items on the map matching their respective locations to receive their next clue. In Bush Whack, teams had to drive an off-road vehicle along a marked course to pick up supplies, including a full canteen of water, at a designated point. The course then continued through two mud bogs, which they had to wade through to determine the best point at which to cross, then attempt to drive the vehicle through the bogs without getting stuck. Once through, they arrived at a ranger station, where they had to dig up an empty canteen and bury the full one they picked up earlier in its place. Once returning to the starting point, they received their next clue. Only three stations were available for either Detour option.

text:
Upon arrival at Imire Rhino & Wildlife Conservatory's bush camp, teams had to properly set up a provided safari tent in which to spend the night. They were then woken up by Phil Keoghan at 4:00 am, who explained that for the remainder of this leg, they would choose another team to switch partners with, in the same order their tents were approved.
The newly formed teams then had to paddle a makeshift raft around Imire Lake to spot their next clue, which was in a pair of canteens hung in a tree. When they found the canteens, they would paddle to their next destination.

text: At the Pit Stop, teams had to wait for their original partners to arrive and reunite with them before they could check in.

text: Leg 8 (Zimbabwe)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 7, 2018[8]

text:
Harare (Khan Fabrics, Haberdashery and Sports)
 Harare (Eastgate Mall or Magaba Tyres and Cameron Hardware)
Harare (Harare Gardens)
Harare (First Street Pedestrian Mall)

text: This leg's Detour was a choice between Handle with Care and Just Get it There. In Handle with Care, teams traveled to Eastgate Mall, where they made their way to the mail room. Once there, they received a total of seven large packages to carry and deliver to various businesses around the mall. After delivering each, they were given outgoing mail to return to the mail room. Once all the deliveries were complete, they would receive their next clue. In Just Get it There, teams had to locate Magaba Tyres to pick up one small tire and one large truck tire. Then, teams had to roll them through the market onto the back of a waiting marked truck parked near Cameron Hardware to receive their next clue.

text: At Harare Gardens, teams had to chose a vocal coach who would teach them the pronunciation of the Shona language lyrics of the Four Brothers song "Pasi Pano Pane Zviedzo". They then had to perform the song on stage accompanied by a band with the correct pronunciation and rhythm while dancing to the beat to receive their next clue.

text: Leg 9 (Zimbabwe → Bahrain)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 14, 2018[8]

text:
Harare (Africa Unity Square)
 Harare (Harare International Airport) to Muharraq, Bahrain  (Bahrain International Airport)
Muharraq (Dhow Shipyard)
Manama (Bahrain Bay) (Unaired)
Muharraq (Hussein Mohammad Showaiter Sweets)
A'ali (Delmon Pottery Industry)
Zallaq (Bahrain Endurance Village)
Al-Hafirah (Tree of Life)

text: During the Pit Stop, all teams were moved to the nearby Africa Unity Square to begin this leg of the race.

text:
Upon arrival in Bahrain, teams traveled to the Dhow Shipyard, where they had to carry and place a total of 300 pounds (140 kg) of timber onto a balance scale to receive their next clue.
At Hussein Mohammad Showaiter Sweets, teams asked for the "King of Halwa". They discovered that it referred to a type of local jelly dessert, and each team member received a sample to finish for their next clue.
At Delmon Pottery Industry, teams chose a pouch containing ten various small items to memorize. They then had to search inside hundreds of clay pots around the shop for the matching items and bring pots back to the starting point, one at a time, to be verified. Once all the matching items were collected, they received a pot to break open containing their next clue.
At Bahrain Endurance Village, teams had to choose a camel herder, who would show them how to milk a camel. One team member then had to collect enough milk to fill a glass while their partner kept the camel calm in order to receive their next clue.

text: In an unaired task at Bahrain Bay, team members were asked three questions and without consulting each other had to answer to whom the question applied. The three questions were: (1) Who has carried the most weight in the race?; (2) Who is the first to quit on a task? (3) Who knows their partner best? Team members had to answer these questions with one member standing on a plank on a boat floating on the sea. If the answers did not match, then the person on the plank had to dive into the bay and teams would start over. When teams matched all three answers, they would receive their next clue.[10][11]

text: Leg 10 (Bahrain → Thailand)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 14, 2018[8]

text:
Muharraq (Arad Walkway – Falcon Statue)
 Muharraq (Bahrain International Airport) to Chiang Mai, Thailand  (Chiang Mai International Airport)
Chiang Mai (Royal Park Ratchaphruek)
 Chiang Mai (Patara Elephant Farm or Baan Kaew Rice Field)
Chiang Mai (Original Khum Khantoke Restaurant)
Chiang Mai (Wat Chedi Luang)

text: During the Pit Stop, all teams were moved to the Falcon Statue around the Arad Walkway in Muharraq, to begin this leg of the race. This leg's Detour was a choice between Size It or Seize It. In Size It, teams had to travel to Patara Elephant Farm, where they would calculate the height and weight measurements of an elephant while in the presence of her calf. If the veterinarian deemed their measurements to be correct, they would ride their elephant along a trail and feed it to get their next clue. In Seize It, teams had to catch 20 bullfrogs in a flooded rice paddy to receive their next clue.

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to consume three cooked scorpions and a bullfrog. For the duration of the task, the non-participating team member would have to stand with live scorpions crawling on them. Once the team member finished eating, they received their next clue.

text: Upon arriving in Chiang Mai, teams were told to find white elephants at Royal Park Ratchaphruek, which turned out to be a series of statues, to find their next clue. Once teams found the elephant statues, they would find a garland attached to one; they then had to find one of four women with an umbrella in the vicinity of the garden who would accept the garland and exchange it for their next clue.

text: For this leg, teams had to choose a provided songthaew to serve as their transportation.

text: Leg 11 (Thailand → Hong Kong, China)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 21, 2018

text:
Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai International Airport) to Chep Lap Kok, Hong Kong , China  (Hong Kong International Airport)
Central and Western District (Victoria Peak – Lions Pavilion (in Chinese))
Southern District (Aberdeen Promenade)
 Southern District (Aberdeen Floating Village or Ap Lei Chau Main Street – Jin Bao Seafood Restaurant)
Central and Western District (Central Pier #4)
Central and Western District (Lan Kwai Fong)
Wan Chai District (Intersection of Johnston Road and Wan Chai Road)

text: For their Speed Bump, Henry & Evan had to place candles into 40 hung paper lanterns before they could continue racing. This leg's Detour was a choice between Hairy Crab or Grub Grab. In Hairy Crab, teams had to properly wrap and pack 50 live hairy crabs in a basket, while subjected to simulated typhoon conditions, to receive their next clue. In Grub Grab, one team member had to take 8 restaurant orders in Cantonese, then relay it to their partner in the kitchen, who had to figure out the corresponding dishes, which were labeled phonetically. Once all the patrons were served correctly, they received their next clue.

text: In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to suit up in protective equipment and smash a pile of old electronics with a baseball bat to find two that contained half of a clue. Once they received both halves, they then splattered a gallon of paint over the pile to create a work of "rage art". Meanwhile, the non-participating team member was handcuffed to a briefcase.

text:
Upon arriving in Hong Kong, teams traveled to Victoria Peak, where they had their picture taken overlooking the Hong Kong skyline. They would find their next clue printed on the photograph.
After completing the Roadblock, teams had to search the streets of Lan Kwai Fong for three signs depicting things seen in previous legs of the Race, and left them to recall the numbers of the legs where those things were seen (the Washington Square Arch from Leg 1, a fez hat from Leg 3, and a bull from Leg 5). These corresponded to the combination to open the briefcase still handcuffed to the wrist of the team member who did not perform the Roadblock. The correct order of numbers was different for each briefcase. Inside the briefcase was the key to the handcuffs and the location of the Pit Stop: the intersection of Johnston Road and Wan Chai Road.

text: Leg 12 (Hong Kong, China → United States)[edit]

text: Airdate: February 21, 2018

text:
Chep Lap Kok (Hong Kong International Airport) to San Francisco, California, United States  (San Francisco International Airport)
San Francisco (AT&T Park – "Say Hey Kid" Statue)
San Francisco (McCovey Cove)
  San Francisco (San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge)
San Francisco (Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company)
San Francisco (San Francisco City Hall) (Unaired)[12]
Alameda (USS Hornet)

text: In the final Roadblock of the race, one team member had to use jumars to pull themselves up 200 feet (61 m) to the top of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge center anchorage. They then had to enter the structure and put on a harness and covered with bright lights before free falling from a plank to receive their next clue.

text:
The clue received at the Pit Stop instructed teams that when they arrived in San Francisco, they had to travel to the "'Say Hey Kid' statue", leaving them to figure out that this was a reference to the statue of former San Francisco Giants player Willie Mays outside AT&T Park.
At AT&T Park, teams had to paddle kayaks around McCovey Cove and find three numbered baseballs corresponding to the digits in the number of career home runs hit by Willie Mays, leaving them to figure out the correct number (660), while Giants mascot Lou Seal threw more balls into the water from the ballpark. Once they had the correct numbers, they would receive their next clue from an umpire.
The clue received from the first Roadblock was a rebus that left teams to figure out they had to travel to the Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company. There, they had to properly make 102 fortune cookies, 51 per team member. Once approved, they received a giant fortune cookie to break open for their next clue.
On the USS Hornet, teams had to choose a fuselage of a large model airplane on the flight deck, then search the entire aircraft carrier for twelve parts of matching color (two propellers, four wings, four horizontal stabilizers, and two vertical stabilizers) with which to complete the model. Each part had different pictures depicting something encountered on a leg of the race. After finding all twelve parts, the team member who did not perform the Roadblock had to assemble the airplane with the correct combination of six parts (one propeller, two wings, two horizontal stabilizers, and one vertical stabilizer) that would fit correctly on the fuselage and represent all 12 legs without duplication (solution below). Once approved, the team member had to push the airplane to their partner, and the team could proceed to the Finish Line at the opposite end of the flight deck.

text:
Leg #
Flag
Country
Associated thing

1

Iceland
Off-road helmet

2

Belgium
French fry

3

Morocco
Fish

4

France
Rudder

5

France
Knight

6

Czech Republic
Magnifying glass

7

Zimbabwe
Canteen

8

Zimbabwe
Microphone

9

Bahrain
Scale

10

Thailand
Elephant

11

Hong Kong
Handcuff

12

United States
Oar

text: During the flight to San Francisco, the final 3 teams received a free upgrade to business class.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
Ref(s)

1
"You're a Champion, Prove It"
January 3, 2018
1.6/6
7.33
0.4
1.47
2.0
8.80
[13][14]

2
"You're the Best French Fry Ever"
January 10, 2018
1.4/5
6.98
0.5
N/A
1.9
N/A
[15][16]

3
"It's Gonna Be a Fragrant Day"
January 17, 2018
1.5/6
6.89
0.4
1.41
1.9
8.30
[17][18]

4/5
"Gotta Put Your Sole Into it"
January 24, 2018
1.2/5
6.17
0.4
1.40
1.6
7.57
[19][20]

6
"The Claws Are Out"
January 31, 2018
1.3/5
6.54
0.4
1.40
1.7
7.98
[21][22]

7/8
"All's Fair in Love and War"
February 7, 2018
1.1/4
5.07
0.6
2.18
1.7
7.25
[23][24]

9/10
"The First Rule of Amazing Race Club"
February 14, 2018
0.9/3
4.12
0.5
1.85
1.4
5.96
[25][26]

11/12
"It's Just a Million Dollars, No Pressure"
February 21, 2018
0.9/3
4.34
0.4
1.68
1.3
6.02
[27][28]

text: Episodes 9 & 10, "The First Rule of Amazing Race Club", aired during the opening week of the 2018 Winter Olympics.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ No prize was mentioned as awarded to the first place team on this leg because of the partner swap. Instead, teams were told to immediately continue racing.


document_title: List of One Piece episodes (season 19)

question_text: when does one piece episode 853 come out

text: List of One Piece episodes (season 19)

text: Episode list

text: "Whole Cake Island"

text:
No.[n 1]

Title[n 2]

Original airdate[n 3]
783"Sanji's Homecoming! Into Big Mom's Territory!""Sanji Kikyō – Biggu Mamu no Nawabari e!" (サンジ 帰郷　ビッグ・マムの海域へ！)April 9, 2017
784"Zero and Four! Encountering Germa 66!""Rei to Yon - Sōgū! Jeruma Daburu Shikkusu" (0と4　遭遇！ジェルマ66 (ダブリシックス))April 16, 2017
785"A Deadly Poison Crisis! Luffy and Reiju!""Mōdoku no Kiki - Rufi to Reiju!" (猛毒の危機　ルフィとレイジュ！)April 23, 2017
786"Totto Land! Emperor Big Mom Appears!""Totto Rando! Yonkō Biggu Mamu Tōjō!" (万国！　四皇ビッグ・マム登場)April 30, 2017
787"The Emperor's Daughter! Sanji's Fiancée - Pudding!""Yonkō no Musume - Sanji no Fianse Purin" (四皇の娘　サンジの婚約者プリン)May 7, 2017
788"A Massive Attack! Mom's Hunger Pangs!""Dai-shingeki! Kui-wazurai no Mamu" (大進撃! 食いわずらいのマム)May 14, 2017
789"The Capital City Falls?! Big Mom and Jimbei""Shuto Hōkai!? Biggu Mamu to Jinbē" (首都崩壊！？ ビッグ・マムとジンベエ)May 21, 2017
790"The Emperor's Castle! Arriving at the Whole Cake Island!""Yonkō no Shiro Hōru Kēki Airando Tōchaku" (四皇の城 ホールケーキアイランド到着)May 28, 2017
791"A Mysterious Forest Full of Candies! Luffy vs. Luffy?!""Okashi na Mori! Rufi tai Rufi" (お菓子な森！ルフィＶＳルフィ)June 4, 2017
792"Mom's Assassin! Luffy and the Seducing Woods!""Mamu no Shikaku - Rufi to Yūwaku no Mori!" (マムの刺客 ルフィと誘惑の森!)June 11, 2017
793"A Seafaring Kingdom! Germa's King Judge!""Kaiyū Kokka - Jeruma no Ō Jajji" (海遊国家 ジェルマの王ジャッジ)June 18, 2017
794"A Battle Between Father and Son! Judge vs. Sanji!""Oyako Taiketsu - Jajji tai Sanji!" (父子対決　ジャッジVSサンジ！)June 25, 2017
795"A Giant Ambition! Big Mom and Caesar!""Kyodai na Yabō - Biggu Mamu to Shīzā" (巨大な野望　ビッグ・マムとシーザー)July 2, 2017
796"The Land of Souls! Mom’s Fatal Ability!""Tamashī no Kuni - Mamu no Osorubeki Nōryoku!" (魂の国　マムの恐るべき能力！)July 9, 2017
797"A Top Officer! The Sweet 3 General Cracker Appears!""Dai Kanbu! San Shōsei Kurakkā Tōjō" (大幹部！三将星クラッカー登場)July 16, 2017
798"An Enemy Worth 800 million! Luffy vs. Thousand Armed Cracker!""Hachi Oku no Teki Rufi tai Senju no Kurakkā" (8億の敵　ルフィVS千手のクラッカー)July 23, 2017
799"An All-out Duel! Gear Four vs. the Bis-Bis Ability!""Zenryoku Shōbu Gia Fōsu tai Bisu Bisu no Chikara" (全力勝負　ギア 4VSビスビスの能力)July 30, 2017
800"The First and the Second Join! The Vinsmoke Family""Ichi to Ni Shūketsu! Vinsumōku-ke" (1と2　集結！ヴィンスモーク家)August 6, 2017
801"The Benefactor's Life! Sanji and Owner Zeff!""Onjin no Inochi Sanji to Ōnā Zefu" (恩人の命 サンジと料理長 (オーナー)ゼフ)August 13, 2017
802"An Angry Sanji! The Secret of Germa 66!""Ikari no Sanji Jeruma Daburu Shikkusu no Himitsu" (怒りのサンジ ジェルマ66 (ダブルシックス)の秘密)August 20, 2017
803"The Past that He Let Go of! Vinsmoke Sanji!""Suteta Kako - Vinsumōku Sanji" (捨てた過去 ヴィンスモーク・サンジ)August 27, 2017
804"To the East Blue! Sanji's Resolute Departure!""Īsuto Burū e Sanji Ketsui no Funade" (東の海 (イースト･ブルー)へ サンジ決意の船出)September 3, 2017
805"A Battle of Limits! Luffy and the Infinite Biscuits!""Genkai Shōbu - Rufi to Mugen Bisuketto" (限界勝負 ルフィと無限ビスケット)September 17, 2017
806"The Power of Satiety! A New Gear Four Form - Tank Man!""Manpuku no Chikara - Shin Gia Fōsu Tankuman" (満腹の力 新ギア４タンクマン！)September 24, 2017
807"A Heartbreaking Duel! Luffy vs Sanji! - Part 1""Kanashiki Kettō - Rufi VS Sanji" (哀しき決闘　ルフィVSサンジ)October 1, 2017[n 4]
808"A Heartbreaking Duel! Luffy vs Sanji! - Part 2""Kanashiki Kettō - Rufi VS Sanji" (哀しき決闘　ルフィVSサンジ)October 1, 2017[n 4]
809"A Storm of Revenge! An Enraged Army Comes to Attack!""Fukushū no Arashi! Ikari no Gundan Shūrai!" (復讐の嵐 怒りの軍団襲来！)October 15, 2017
810"The End of the Adventure! Sanji's Resolute Proposal!""Bōken no Owari - Sanji Ketsui no Puropōzu" (冒険の終わり サンジ決意のプロポーズ)October 22, 2017
811"I'll Wait Here! Luffy vs. the Enraged Army!""Koko de Matsu - Rufi tai Ikari no Gundan" (ここで待つ ルフィVS怒りの軍団)October 29, 2017
812"Invading the Chateau! Reach the Road Ponegliff!""Shadō sen'nyũ - Ubae! Rōdo Pōnegurifu" (城内 (シャドー)潜入 奪え！ ロード歴史の本文 (ポーネグリフ))November 5, 2017
813"A Fateful Confrontation! Luffy and Big Mom!""Innen no Taimen - Rufi to Biggu Mamu!" (因縁の対面　ルフィとビッグ・マム！)November 12, 2017
814"Shout of the Soul! Brook and Pedro's Lightning Operation!""Tamashī no Sakebi - Burukku & Pedoro Dengeki Sakusen" (魂の叫び　ブルック＆ペドロ電撃作戦)November 19, 2017
815"Goodbye! Pudding's Tearful Determination!""Sayonara - Purin Namida no Ketsui" (さよなら プリン涙の決意)November 26, 2017
816"The History of the Left Eye! Pedro vs. Baron Tamago!""Hidarime no Innen - Pedoro VS Tamago Danshaku" (左眼の因縁 ペドロVSタマゴ男爵)December 3, 2017
817"Moist Cigarette! The Night Before Sanji's Wedding!""Shikemoku - Sanji no Kekkon Zenya" (シケモク サンジの結婚前夜)December 10, 2017
818"The Undaunted Soul! Brook vs. Big Mom!""Fukutsu no Souru - Burukku tai Biggu Mamu" (不屈の魂（ソウル） ブルックVSビック・マム)December 17, 2017
819"Sora's Wish! Germa's Failure - Sanji!""Sora no Negai - Jeruma no Shippaisaku Sanji" (母 (ソラ) の願い ジェルマの失敗作サンジ)December 24, 2017
820"To Reach Sanji! Luffy's Vengeful Hell-bent Dash!""Sanji no Moto e - Rufi Gyakushū no Dai Gekisō" (サンジの元へ　ルフィ逆襲の大激走)January 7, 2018
821"The Chateau in Turmoil! Luffy, to the Rendezvous!""Shatō Dōran - Rufi Yakusoku no Basho e" (城内 (シャトー) 動乱 ルフィ約束の場所へ)January 14, 2018
822"Deciding to Say Goodbye! Sanji and his Straw-Hat Bento!""Wakare no Ketsui - Sanji to Mugiwara Bentō" (別れの決意　サンジと麦わら弁当)January 21, 2018
823"The Emperor Rolls Over! Rescue Brook Mission!""Yonko no Negaeri - Burukku Kyūshutsu Dai Sakusen!" (四皇の寝返り　ブルック救出大作戦！)January 28, 2018
824"The Rendezvous! Luffy, a One-on-One at His Limit!""Yakusoku no Basho - Rufi Genkai no Ikkiuchi" (約束の場所 ルフィ限界の一騎打ち)February 4, 2018
825"A Liar! Luffy and Sanji!!""Usotsuki - Rufi to Sanji" (ウソつき ルフィとサンジ)February 11, 2018
826"Sanji Comes Back! Crash! The Tea Party from Hell!""Sanji Fukkatsu Kowase! Jigoku no Ochakai" (サンジ復活　壊せ！地獄のお茶会)February 18, 2018
827"A Secret Meeting! Luffy vs. the Fire Tank Pirates!""Mikkai! Rufi VS Faiatanku Kaizoku-dan" (密会！ルフィVSファイアタンク海賊団)March 4, 2018
828"The Deadly Pact! Luffy & Bege's Allied Forces!""Shi no kyōtei Rufi & Bejji rengō-gun" (死の協定 ルフィ&ベッジ連合軍)March 18, 2018
829"Luffy Engages in a Secret Maneuver! The Wedding Full of Conspiracies Starts Soon!""Rufi Anyaku Kaien Chokuzen! Inbō no Kekkonshiki" (ルフィ暗躍　開演直前！陰謀の結婚式)March 25, 2018
830"The Family Gets Together! The Hellish Tea Party Starts!""Famirī Shūketsu Kaien! Jigoku no Ochakai" (家族集結　開演！地獄のお茶会)April 1, 2018
831"The Broken Couple! Sanji and Pudding Enter!""Kamen Fūfu Sanji ♡ Purin Nyūjō!" (仮面夫婦　サンジ♡プリン入場！)April 8, 2018
832"A Deadly Kiss! The Mission to Assassinate the Emperor Kicks Off!""Shi no Kisu - Yonkō Ansatsu Sakusen Kaishi!" (死のキス 四皇暗殺作戦開始!)April 15, 2018
833"Returning the Sake Cup! The Manly Jimbei Pays His Debt!""Sakazuki Henjō! Otoko Jinbei no Otoshimae" (盃返上! 侠客(おとこ)ジンベエの落とし前)April 22, 2018
834"The Mission Failed?! The Big Mom Pirates Strike Back!""Sakusen Shippai!? Hangeki no Biggu Mamu Kaizoku-dan" (作戦失敗!? 反撃のビッグ・マム海賊団)April 29, 2018
835"Run, Sanji! SOS! Germa 66!""Hashire Sanji - SOS! Jeruma Daburu Shikkusu" (走れサンジ SOS!ジェルマ66(ダブルシックス))May 6, 2018
836"Mom's Secret! The Giant's Island Elbaph and a Little Monster!""Mamu no Himitsu - Erubafu no Shima to Chīsana Kaibutsu" (マムの秘密 巨人の島と小さな怪物)May 13, 2018
837"The Birth of Mom! The Day That Carmel Vanished!""Mamu Tanjō - Karumeru Ga Kieta Hi" (マム誕生 カルメルが消えた日)May 20, 2018
838"The Launcher Blasts! The Moment of Big Mom's Assassination!""Heiki Sakuretsu! Biggu Mamu Ansatsu no Shunkan" (兵器炸裂! ビッグ·マム暗殺の瞬間)May 27, 2018
839"The Evil Army! Transform! Germa 66!""Aku no Gundan - Henshin! Jeruma 66" (悪の軍団 変身!ジェルマ66(ダブルシックス))June 3, 2018
840"Cutting the Father-Son Relationship! Sanji and Judge!""Oyako no Ketsubetsu - Sanji to Jajji" (父子の訣別 サンジとジャッジ)June 10, 2018
841"Escape From the Tea Party! Luffy vs. Big Mom!""Chakai Dasshutsu! Rufi VS Biggu Mamu" (茶会脱出!ルフィVSビガ·マム)June 17, 2018
842"The Execution Begins! Luffy's Allied Forces Are Annihilated?!""Shokei Kaishi! Rufi Rengō Gun Zenmetsu!?" (処刑開始!ルフィ連合軍全滅!?)June 24, 2018
843"The Chateau Collapses! The Straw Hat's Great Escape Begins!""Ōki Hōkai - Mugiwara Ichimi Dai Dassō Kaishi" (巨城崩壞麦わら一味大脱走開始)July 1, 2018
844"The Spear of Elbaph! Onslaught! The Flying Big Mom!""Erubafu no Yari - Kyōshū! Sora Kakeru Biggu Mamu" (巨人の槍 強襲! 空翔るビッグ·マム)July 8, 2018
845"Pudding's Determination! Ablaze! The Seducing Woods!""Purin no Ketsui - Katsu Dai Enjō(Tai en-jō!) Yūwaku(Yūwaku) no Mori" (プリンの決意 活大炎上(たいえんじょう! 誘惑(ゆうわく)の森)July 15, 2018
846"A Lightning Counterattack! Nami and Zeus the Thundercloud!""Hangeki no Kaminari - Nami to Raiun Zeusu" (反撃の雷(かみなり) ナミと雷雲(らいうん)ゼウス)July 22, 2018
847"A Coincidental Reunion! Sanji and the Lovestruck Evil Pudding!""Gūzen (gūzen) no Saikai - Sanji to Koisuru Waru Purin" (偶然(ぐうぜん)の再会 サンジと恋する悪プリン)July 29, 2018
848"Save the Sunny! Fighting Bravely! Chopper and Brook!""Sanī o Mamore Funsen Choppā ando Burukku" (サニーを守れ 奮戦！チョッパー&ブルック)August 5, 2018
849"Before the Dawn! Pedro, the Captain of the Guardians!""Yoake Mae Gādianzu Danchō Pedoro" (夜明け前 侠客団 (ガーディアンズ) 団長ペドロ)August 12, 2018
850"I'll Be Back! Luffy, Deadly Departure!""Kanarazu Modoru - Rufi Inochigake no Shukkō" (必ず戻る ルフィ命がけの出航！)August 19, 2018
851"The Man with a Bounty of Billion! The Strongest Sweet General, Katakuri!""Jyuuoku no Otoko Saikyou no San Shousei Katakuri" (十億の男 最強スイート将星カタクリ)August 26, 2018
852"A Hard Battle Starts! Luffy vs. Katakuri!""Gekitō Kaimaku Rufi tai Katakuri" (戦いの開始 ルフィVSカタクリ)September 2, 2018
853"The Green Room! An Invincible Helmsman, Jimbei!""Gurīn Rūmu Muteki no Sōdashu Jinbē" (波の部屋 無双操舵手ジンベエ)September 16, 2018
854"The Threat of the Mole! Luffy's Silent Fight!""Mogura no Kyōi - Rufi Chinmoku no Tatakai" (土電(もぐら)の脅威(きょうい) ルフィ沈黙(ちんもく)の咄い)September 23, 2018
855"The End of the Deadly Battle?! Katakuri's Awakening in Anger!""Shitō Kecchaku!? Katakuri Ikari no Kakusei" (死闘(しとう)決着!? カタクリ怒りの覚醒(かくせい))September 30, 2018
856"The Forbidden Secret! Katakuri's Merienda!""Kindan no Himitsu Katakuri no Merienda" (禁断の秘密 カタクリのおやつの時間 (メリエンダ))October 7, 2018
857"Luffy Fights Back! The Invincible Katakuri's Weak Point!""Rufi Hangeki - Muteki Katakuri no Jakuten" (ルフィ反撃 無敵カタクリの弱点)October 14, 2018
858"Another Crisis! Gear Four vs. Unstoppable Donuts!""Pinchi Futatabi! Gia Fōsu vs Musō Dōnatsu" (危機再び！ギア4（フォース）vs 無双（むそう）ドーナツ)October 21, 2018[1]
859"The Rebellious Daughter, Chiffon! Sanji's Big Plan for Transporting the Cake!""Hangyaku no Shifon - Sanji no Kēki Yusō Dai-Sakusen" (反逆の娘（シフォン） サンジのケーキ輸送大作戦)October 28, 2018
860"A Man's Way of Life! Berge and Luffy's Determination as Captains!""Otoko no Ikizama - Bejji to Rufi Senchō no Ketsui" (男の生き様 ベッジとルフィ船長の決意)November 4, 2018

text: Home releases

text: Japanese

text:
Toei Animation (Japan, Region 2 DVD)

Volume

Episodes

Release date

Ref.

19thシーズン ドレスローザ編

piece.01

783-786

September 6, 2017

[2]

piece.02

787-790

October 4, 2017

[3]

piece.03

791-794

November 1, 2017

[4]

piece.04

795-798

December 6, 2017

[5]

piece.05

799-802

January 10, 2018

[6]

piece.06

803-806

February 7, 2018

[7]

piece.07

807-810

March 7, 2018

[8]

piece.08

811-814

April 4, 2018

[9]

piece.09

815-818

May 2, 2018

[10]

piece.10

819-822

June 6, 2018

[11]

piece.11

824-826

July 4, 2018

[12]

piece.12

827-830

August 1, 2018

[13]

piece.13

831-834

September 5, 2018

[14]

piece.14

835-838

October 3, 2018

[15]

piece.15

839-842

November 7, 2018

[16]

piece.16

843-846

December 5, 2018

[17]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Episode number by Toei Animation's count

Jump up ^ Title of the episode: literally translated, romanized using Hepburn romanization, and in kanji form

Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on Fuji Television

^ Jump up to: a b Episodes 807 and 808 aired together as a 1-hour television special.


document_title: Tony Montana

question_text: who killed scarface in the end of the movie

text: Tony Montana

text: Overview[edit]

text: Scarface (1983)[edit]

text: In May 1980, Tony is one of the 125,000 Cubans who after seeking refuge in the Peruvian Embassy, wound up on the Mariel Boatlift to Miami. When he gets there, he is questioned by U.S. officials; he says that he was a "political prisoner" and that because he had an American father, he has the right to a green card. However, because of a trident-style tattoo on his right hand, which indicates that he was an assassin in prison, his request is denied.

text: Tony and his friend Manolo "Manny" Ribera are sent to "Freedomtown", a refugee camp that holds Cuban immigrants without green cards. After one month in the camp, Frank Lopez, head of a Miami drug cartel, offers to obtain them green cards in return for murdering Emilio Rebenga. Soon after Rebenga arrives at the camp, Manny and Tony and friend take advantage of the August 11 riot, where Tony stabs Rebenga. Tony and Manny are granted green cards and released, and the two get jobs as dishwashers for a small food stand in Little Havana. In August 1980, Frank sends his right-hand man, Omar Suarez, to offer them a deal smuggling marijuana, offering $500, a small amount of pay but with low risk of arrest or gun battles. Tony demands more pay, and he and Omar quarrel. On the advice of his compatriot, Omar then offers Tony and Manny $5000 to buy cocaine from a new supplier, which is riskier than the marijuana deal but will pay much more, as it is dealing with violent Colombians.

text: A few days later, Tony, Manny, and their associates Angel and Chi Chi drive to a hotel in Miami Beach to make the deal with a group of Colombians. The deal goes bad; a couple of Colombian enforcers handcuff Tony and Angel to a shower pole at gunpoint, threatening to kill them with a chainsaw if Tony does not reveal the location of the drug money. Tony refuses to talk, and Hector, the enforcers' leader, dismembers Angel. Before Hector can do the same to Tony, Manny bursts in the room, shooting an SMG. A short gunfight ensues in which Manny is shot in the arm, and Tony kills the Colombians. Tony, Manny, and Chi Chi escape with the cocaine and the money. Tony, who no longer trusts Omar, takes it to Frank personally, and he and Manny end up working for him. Meanwhile, Tony takes an interest in Frank's girlfriend, Elvira Hancock.

text: Three months later, Tony pays a visit to his mother Georgina and younger sister Gina, neither of whom he has seen for five years. Gina is excited to see Tony, but his mother is ashamed of him, having long ago learned of his life of crime. When he gives his mother $1,000, his mother angrily rejects the gift and throws him out. Tony leaves, but Gina runs after him and hugs him, telling Tony she has been going to hairdressing school and helping out Mama. Tony says that a poor girl like Gina deserves to have a little fun; he slips her the $1,000 secretly and orders her not to tell Mama about it, only that Mama gets a little bit of it from time to time, through using some of it for grocery shopping or paying a utility bill.

text: Later, while in Bolivia, Tony and Omar go on Frank's behalf to see drug cartel lord Alejandro Sosa. Sosa has Omar killed for being a police informant, and makes Tony his business partner. At The Babylon nightclub, Tony is shaken down by corrupt narcotics detective Mel Bernstein, who informs him he has evidence linking Tony to the murders of Rebenga and the Colombian drug dealers. Bernstein proposes to "tax" Tony on his transactions in return for police protection and information. Tony is convinced Frank sent Bernstein because only Frank would know details about the murders. While talking to Bernstein, Tony sees Gina dancing with a low-level drug dealer. Enraged, Tony beats the dealer and slaps Gina, stopping only after Manny calms him down. Manny drives Gina home and tells her she can do better than those low lives and that Tony is only looking out for her. However, when Gina admits an interest in Manny, he freezes, fearing Tony's wrath.

text: That night, two men attempt to kill Tony. He escapes, and becomes convinced that Frank ordered his death. Armed with silenced pistols, Tony and Manny track Frank down to his car dealership, killing him and Bernstein. Afterward, Tony goes to Frank's house, telling Elvira that her lover is dead and that he wants her. Over the next year-and-a-half, Tony makes $75 million off of 2,000 kilograms of cocaine that he brings to America, and is soon making $10–15 million every month in profits from his business relationship with Sosa. He marries Elvira and takes over Frank's empire, purchasing a large mansion as well as ornate luxuries such as a pet tiger. Tony also creates many legal businesses as fronts, including a hairdresser's managed by Gina. However, cracks in Tony's "American dream" begin to form as both he and Elvira become addicted to cocaine. Meanwhile, Manny and Gina begin dating behind her brother's back, afraid of Tony's wrath should he find out.

text: In February 1983, Tony is arrested for tax evasion and money laundering. Tony's lawyer, George Sheffield, tells him that although he can plea bargain away most of the time Tony faces, he will still end up serving at least three years in prison. Sosa calls Tony down to Bolivia and asks him for help assassinating a Bolivian anti-government activist, who is exposing Sosa's dealings with Bolivian leaders. In exchange, Sosa will use his contacts in the U.S. Justice Department in Washington, D.C., to keep Tony out of prison. After returning to Miami, Tony does not tell Manny about the hit, although tries to talk Tony out of going to New York, simply citing a bad premonition he has about it. Not long after, Elvira leaves Tony for good after he insults her in a local restaurant. An intoxicated Tony starts yelling at the patrons: he tells them that they need people like him to blame—a "bad guy".

text: Tony and Sosa's associate Alberto travel to New York to assassinate the activist. Alberto plants a bomb under the activist's car, planning to detonate it as he drives to the United Nations Building to give a speech about his activist work. On the day the assassination is to take place, Tony orders Alberto not to set off the bomb because the activist's wife and children are in the car as well, something which is of no concern to Alberto. When Alberto tries to detonate the bomb anyway, Tony attempts to persuade him using logic and stories from his childhood in Cuba. When this does not work, Tony shoots and kills Alberto, thus double-crossing Sosa.

text: On December 9, 1983 Tony returns to Florida and receives a telephone call from a furious Sosa, who admonishes him for the hit's failure. Tony attempts to locate Manny, and finds him and Gina together, both wearing nothing but bathrobes. Tony shoots and kills him in a cocaine-fueled rage, before Gina reveals that they had just married and were going to announce their matrimony to Tony. Tony and his men take a distraught Gina back to his mansion. Meanwhile, a large group of assassins sent by Sosa surround the mansion. While a distraught Tony sits in his office, snorting vast quantities of cocaine, the gunmen begin killing his guards outside. Gina enters Tony's office wielding a Smith & Wesson Model 36, accusing him of wanting her for himself, before shooting him in the leg. Tony attempts to calm her down, before one of the assassins enters the office through the window and opens fire, killing Gina. Tony immediately kills the assassin, creating a commotion.

text: Deprived of the element of surprise, Sosa's gunmen directly attack Tony's mansion. Tony bursts from his office wielding a M16 assault rifle with a M203 grenade launcher attachment. He yells "Say hello to my little friend!" and opens fire on the henchmen, killing dozens of them despite being heavily wounded himself by return fire. The carnage continues until Sosa's top assassin, the Skull, sneaks up behind him and shoots him in the back. Tony falls from his balcony into a fountain in the lobby below, floating face-down dead in a pool of blood and water beneath a statue of the globe carrying the inscription "The World Is Yours".

text: Scarface: The World Is Yours[edit]

text: The video game titled Scarface: The World Is Yours, a quasi-sequel to the film, features an alternate ending in which Tony kills the Skull and survives the assassination attempt, but still loses most of his possessions. Tony detects his would-be assassin and shoots him before escaping his mansion. The end of the first mission shows that he lost $65,884,703 (which is how much Scarface made in box office) and 25,000 kilos of cocaine.

text: For the next three months, he goes into hiding in a small shack near Virginia Key Beach Park in Miami where he only had basic necessities, his trademark 1963 Cadillac Series 62, $1,000, and a M1911 pistol. His mansion is seized by undercover police officers, but he is able to move back in by bribing them with $10,000 that he makes in a single day of selling drugs.

text: During this quest for vengeance, Tony takes down several rivals who are eager to take over his empire after the assassination attempt. Alejandro Sosa and Gaspar Gomez have since teamed up to form a drug monopoly, and set their prices unreasonably high. George Sheffield (James Woods), his former lawyer, betrays him to Gomez and Sosa.

text: Tony first reclaims Little Havana, which had been taken over by the Diaz brothers. This included the "Lopez Motors" dealership where he bought his Porsche 928 in the film, which the brothers since renamed "Diaz Motors". The game allows the player to venture outside Miami to the Caribbean, where he takes down Nacho Contreras. Tony also meets a bartender named Venus, who becomes one of his girlfriends at the end of the game. At the end of the game, Tony single-handedly takes on a small army at Sosa's home in Bolivia, where he kills Sheffield, Gomez and Sosa.


document_title: The Shallows (film)

question_text: how big is the shark from the shallows

question_tokens: how big is the shark from the shallows

text: The Shallows (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Shortly after the death of her mother, medical student Nancy Adams travels to a secluded beach in Mexico, the same beach her mother visited while she was pregnant with Nancy. Carlos, a friendly local resident, gives her a ride and drops her off at the beach. Nancy joins two other locals and the three surf for several hours. Taking a break from surfing, Nancy video-chats with her sister Chloe. When she talks to her father in an emotional and strained conversation, it is revealed that her mother's death caused Nancy to consider dropping out of medical school.

text: While surfing one last time for the day, Nancy notices the carcass of a large humpback whale nearby. As she rides the last wave back to the beach, a large great white shark bumps her off her surfboard and bites her leg. Nancy climbs onto the whale carcass, but the shark rams it from underneath, forcing her to swim to an isolated rock. She uses her surfboard strap to slow the bleeding on her leg. Later she uses her jewelry to put rudimentary stitches in place to hold her torn flesh together. Nancy is left alone when the unaware locals leave the beach, and she spends the night on the rock with a wounded seagull, whom she names Steven Seagull. The next morning, a drunk local man on the beach steals Nancy's belongings. While wading out into the shallow water to steal Nancy's surfboard, he is killed by the shark. Several hours later, the two locals Nancy had surfed with the day before, return. They get into the water before Nancy can warn them away, and are also killed by the shark.

text: One of the local surfers was wearing a GoPro camera on his helmet. When he was attacked by the shark, his helmet had come off and floated to the surface. Nancy later sees the helmet floating in the water. After some struggle, she is able to retrieve it and uses it to leave messages for her sister and father as well as information about the shark attack and her location.

text: With high tide approaching, Nancy realizes the rock will be submerged soon. After sending Steven Seagull toward shore on a piece of the surfboard, and timing the shark's circles from the whale carcass to the rock, Nancy swims to a nearby buoy, narrowly avoiding the shark by swimming through a group of jellyfish, which sting both the shark and her. Nancy finds a flare gun on the buoy. She shoots one flare to draw the attention of a faraway cargo ship, but the ship is already turned away and it never sees her. She then fires another flare at the shark, setting the oil from the whale carcass alight and angering it, but otherwise has no effect. The shark then ferociously attacks the buoy and rips out the chains securing it to the ocean bed. Nancy straps herself to the last remaining chain and as it is ripped from the buoy, she is pulled down to the ocean floor, pursued by the shark. At the last moment, Nancy pulls out of the dive, and the shark impales itself on some rebar from the buoy's anchor.

text: Later, a boy named Miguel at the beach finds the action camera and informs his father, Carlos. Carlos finds Nancy floating close to shore and revives her. Nancy briefly sees a hallucination of her mother. As she looks around the beach, she sees that Steven Seagull has made it to the shore. One year later, Nancy (now a doctor), and her sister Chloe go surfing in Galveston, Texas, as their father tells Nancy that her mother would have been proud.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Blake Lively as Nancy Adams
Óscar Jaenada as El Questro
Brett Cullen as Mr. Adams
Sedona Legge as Chloe Adams
Pablo Calva as Miguel, Carlos' son
Janelle Bailey as Mrs. Adams

text: Production[edit]

text: Initially, Louis Leterrier was to direct, though he dropped out in June 2015,[4][5] leading to Jaume Collet-Serra being considered for the job.[6] Collet-Serra viewed the movie as one about survival and noted "this isn't a creature movie".[7] Likewise from the very beginning Collet-Serra decided not to place an emphasis on gore.[7] Blake Lively joined the cast in August 2015.[8] Lively was partly inspired by her husband, Ryan Reynolds', work in the similarly minimalist film Buried, stating "that was one of the reasons why I wanted to take on this movie so much, because I know how tough that was for him and how rewarding it was."[9]

text: For the seagull character of Steven Seagull, the usage of both CGI and a puppet was considered based on the belief that it would be inordinately hard to train such a bird to act. This "horrified" both producers, Matti Leshem and Lynn Harris, who wanted to work with an actual animal. While scouting for location in Australia, Lively was able to feed a group of seagulls, at which point it was realized that it would be possible to use them for production.[10] The initial script featured Lively talking to the bird much more, and likewise, scenes featuring such an interaction were shot. However, in the end, Collet-Serra decided on a less-is-more approach,[11] noting to Yahoo! that "...we didn't want her to be like Snow White talking to animals. When you see her predicament, you get it. You don't need her to explain everything to a seagull!"[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on October 28, 2015 in New South Wales, Australia.[13][14] Filming also took place at Lord Howe Island,[15][16] Mount Tamborine, Queensland and Village Roadshow Studios. It originally was going to be filmed on the Gulf Coast of Texas near Galveston, but the filmmakers got denied a film permit for safety reasons.[17]

text: Much of the film was shot in a tank using bluescreens for effects. Still, Collet-Serra wanted to avoid the "more stylized look" of similar films using the set up and estimated that 10% of the film was shot on location in order to "trick" the audience into believing the setting was real: he explains: "Every scene has one shot that is real, and the other 99% is not – but the one real shot tricks you".[7] The shark was made entirely through computer generated imagery, which was only completed close to the start of the marketing campaign for the film.[18] /Film noted that the use of CGI was unusual for Collet-Serra, as he typically used practical effects as opposed to the digital ones required by the shoot.[18] Lively ended up performing several of her own stunts, including a scene where her character breaks her nose. In reality, Lively really did hurt herself in that scene and the blood on her nose is real.[10]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Shallows was originally supposed to be released on June 29, 2016, but to avoid The Purge: Election Year and their second weekend being on the holiday of July 4, the film was instead released on Friday, June 24, 2016, by Columbia Pictures.[19]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Shallows grossed $55.1 million in North America and $64 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $119.1 million, against a budget of $17 million.[2]

text: The film opened on June 24, 2016, alongside Independence Day: Resurgence and Free State of Jones, and was projected to gross around $7 million from 2,800 theaters in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $11–12 million.[20] The film grossed $1.3 million from Thursday night previews[21] and $6.8 million on its first day.[22] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $16.7 million, finishing fourth at the box office behind Finding Dory ($73.2 million), Independence Day: Resurgence ($41.6 million) and Central Intelligence ($18.4 million). This was nearly double the expectations of the studio, with Josh Greenstein, Sony president of worldwide marketing and distribution, saying, "We had the best reviewed new movie of the weekend and combined with a great audience response saw a fantastic result. People wanted to watch a film with quality that was original in this summer landscape."[23]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Shallows received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lively's performance being praised.[3] On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 78% based on 189 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Lean and solidly crafted, The Shallows transcends tired shark-attack tropes with nasty thrills and a powerful performance from Blake Lively."[24] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[26]

text: Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times, enjoyed the film, calling it an "immensely entertaining millennial B-Movie, made for summertime viewing."[27] Simon Thompson of IGN gave the film a 9/10, noting, "The Shallows does for surfing what The Blair Witch Project did for camping and makes Jaws look like a children’s tea party... Terrifyingly good."[28] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film three stars, commending the performance of Blake Lively while adding "Lively is superb here, giving one of those hyper-focused, action-lead performances that's as much an athletic feat as an aesthetic one."[29]

text: Staci Layne Wilson of Dread Central gave the film a negative review, saying although she wanted to like it, she felt that with "Jaume Collet-Serra’s sledgehammer-style direction, Anthony Jaswinski’s intelligence-insulting screenplay, and Marco Beltrami’s misguided musical score, The Shallows is impossible to endorse."[30] The A.V. Club's Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, while finding the film intermittently entertaining, considered it a step down from director Collet-Serra's previous "gimmicky genre piece" Non-Stop as well as lacking a genuine, sustained sense of suspense. He also took issue with the writing, stating: "Anthony Jaswinski’s screenplay bogs down this no-brainer survival premise (“get off the rock and don’t die”) with needless backstory and inchoate themes. Can’t a heroine just survive a vicious shark attack without also having to overcome a family trauma and make a decision about whether or not she wants to be a doctor?"[31]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Golden Tomato Awards
January 12, 2017
Best Thriller Movie 2016
The Shallows
5th Place
[32]

People's Choice Awards
January 18, 2017
Favorite Thriller Movie
The Shallows
Nominated
[33]

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Thriller Film
The Shallows
Nominated
[34]

Teen Choice Awards
July 31, 2016
Choice Summer Movie Star: Female
Blake Lively
Nominated
[35]