document_title: The Sims 4

question_text: when did toddlers come out in sims 4

question_tokens: when did toddlers come out in sims 4

root

text: The Sims 4

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: The Sims 4 is a life simulation game, similar to its predecessors. Players create a Sim character and control their life to explore different personalities which change the way the game plays out. Sims can multitask such as talk while doing a task. Sims' moodlets also change the gameplay. For example, a Sim can do a task while being either angry or totally excited.[6][7][8]

tag: p

text: Similar to previous Sims games, player-created challenges abound. One of the most prevalent is the Legacy Challenge, in which players create a single Sim and try to make its family line last for ten generations.[9]

text: Create a Sim (CAS)[edit]

text: One major change to the Sims 4 Create A Sim functionality is that sliders have been replaced by direct mouse click, drag and pull. Through mouse click, drag and pull players may directly manipulate the facial features of a Sim. Players can also directly manipulate any body part including the abdomen, chest, legs, arms and feet. In previous Sims games only the fitness and fatness can be manipulated on a Sims body. However, fitness and fatness levels may still be adjusted in The Sims 4 with sliders as in previous games. The base games comes with over 40 hairstyles for both men and women. There are up to 18 hair colour options per hairstyle. Selections of premade designs of Sims are available to choose from, ranging from different body shapes to ethnicities.

text: Seven life stages are available including baby, toddler, child, teenager, young adult, adult and elder. The baby life stage is accessible only through the birth of a Sim and not available in Create A Sim. Toddlers were initially absent from the original game release, but were added in the January 2017 patch.[10][11]

text: Traits have returned with each Sim having three traits and an aspiration containing its own hidden trait.

text: Compared to previous Sims games where everyday, formal, sleepwear, athletic, party and swimwear wardrobes were restricted to having their own clothing options, all clothing options are now available across all forms of wardrobe and players are allowed up to 5 outfits per category. There is also a filter panel where clothing options can be sorted by color, material, outfit category, fashion choice, style, content and packs.

text: In a Summer 2016 update, gender options were expanded in the game, allowing any gender expression. Now all the haircuts and outfits can be worn by any Sim of any gender, and pregnancy can become a possibility regardless of the gender.[12][13]

text: Buy/build mode[edit]

text: In The Sims 4, build and buy modes have been combined and is now treated as a single feature.[14]

text: A detailed build-and-buy system is present along with neighborhoods and landscaping. Some locked buy mode items may be unlocked through the progression of career levels. Entire buildings and rooms can now be moved across the lot. There is now a search option to search for build and buy mode options. When building a house for your sim you can buy already made rooms which can help but costs a lot of money depending on the style of the room. Wall heights can also now be adjusted. There is also a pool tool feature with a custom version and triangular, square and octagonal pool tools. There are build mode cheats such as "motherlode", which enables the player to automatically gain §50,000 (simoleons) to buy things with.[15]

text: The Gallery[edit]

text: The Sims 4 includes social features, such as importing Sims and houses other people have made from The Gallery into the player's game. This impacts the world around the player's Sims. Players may publish their creations into the Gallery for other players to download into their game instantly.[16]

text: On January 9, 2015, EA released a version of The Gallery for iOS and Android devices.[17]

text: Worlds[edit]

text: The Sims 4 base game originally shipped with two worlds: Willow Creek and Oasis Springs. Both worlds contain five neighborhoods and a total of 21 lots. With the release of Outdoor Retreat, the world Granite Falls was available for visiting on outdoor vacations. Newcrest became available with a free update, having three neighborhoods with five empty lots in each, for a total of 15 lots.[18] Magnolia Promenade came with the Get to Work Expansion Pack, and Windenburg was introduced in the Get Together Expansion Pack.[19] The City Living Expansion Pack, released in November 2016, introduced the new bustling city of San Myshuno.[20] The Vampires Game Pack added the neighborhood Forgotten Hollow.[21] In November 2017, the seaside town of Brindleton Bay was added in the Cats and Dogs Expansion Pack.[22][23]

text: Development[edit]

text: The Sims 4 was developed by The Sims Studio, a division of the Electronic Arts subsidiary Maxis, and was distributed by Electronic Arts.[24] This is similar yet different to the development of The Sims 3, which was developed by The Sims Studio standalone from the (at the time) diminished Maxis.

text: The Sims 4 is a single-player game,[25] and does not require a constant Internet connection to play. Players will however need an Origin account and Internet access during the initial installation process for game activation.[26] Ilan Eshkeri serves as the composer for the game's orchestral soundtrack, which was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra.[27][28]

text: On April 25, 2013, several screenshots from mock-up flash videos of the user interface were leaked online.[29] On May 3, 2013, Electronic Arts sent out an e-mail to several fansites stating that there would be a big announcement on May 6, 2013, which many speculated would be The Sims 4.[30]

text: On August 20, 2013, The Sims 4 was revealed via gameplay demo and release trailer at Gamescom. Previews of the building and character creation systems debuted earlier in 2014. Additional game footage and the release date were revealed at the Electronic Entertainment Expo on June 9, 2014.[1]

text: Gameplay was unveiled during Gamescom 2013, held at the Koelnmesse in Cologne, Germany. Unveiled features focused on the improved Create-a-Sim with an all-new click-and-drag feature omitting the use of sliders and the addition of emotion-based gameplay.[31] Select players called Yibsims who mostly manage fan sites and YouTube videos were invited to Sims Camp to see the game before the public and press, consequently the game received minimal coverage outside fansites. Maxis stated the game would run better on lower-end PCs than The Sims 3, which was plagued with performance issues on low-end and high-end PCs.[32]

text: It was suspected that The Sims 4 was scheduled to be released in early 2014, but it was later revealed it would in fact be released September 2, 2014.[1][33]

text: On May 14, 2014, producer Ryan Vaughan unveiled another Create-a-Sim trailer on the official The Sims YouTube channel. This included a preview of what the premade Sims Bella Goth and Mortimer Goth would look like in The Sims 4.[34] The development team unveiled another trailer on May 28, 2014 that showcased the new Build Mode features. Players will now be able to choose between three different wall heights and adjust the location of a window on a wall, as well as be able to move an entire room from one position to another.[35]

text: EA unveiled another gameplay trailer including more gameplay footage and announced the release date of the game, September 2, 2014, during a press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo on June 9, 2014. The Sims 4 was released on September 2 for North America and September 4 for EU, Australia and Brazil.[1]

text: On June 28, 2014, a video was released showing the "originality" of each sim and their emotions.[36]

text: In January 2015, Maxis announced Outdoor Retreat, the first paid DLC for The Sims 4.[37] The DLC focuses on outdoor activities in the national park.

text: Until mid-2017, there were no plans for a console release.[38][39] However, versions of the game for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One were officially confirmed for release on November 17, 2017.[40]

text: Mac development[edit]

text: Upon first announcement, EA stated that The Sims 4 was in development for both for Mac and Windows, both to be released in 2014.[41] However, closer to release date, the company stated that they were "focused [on] Windows"[42] and had "no updates on the Mac at this time".[43] In October 2014 further information was disclosed suggesting the future release of a Mac version. Vaughn told International Business Times that the team was "working on a Mac version right now."[44] On January 13, 2015, EA confirmed the release of the Mac version as being February 2015.[45] On February 2, they announced via the official The Sims Twitter feed that the Mac version of The Sims 4 would be released on February 17.[2]

text: Features controversy[edit]

text: On June 25, 2014, EA and Maxis announced the omission of several gameplay features in The Sims 4 that had been included in previous games. These omitted features include swimming pools, swimming wear, and the "toddler" life stage; this announcement also noted the lack of an open-world found in The Sims 3, stating neighborhood gameplay would be separated by loading screens.[46][47] Earlier in the development process, a fan-site interview with a producer had revealed Create-a-Style (CAS), a customization feature introduced in the previous Sims game, would not be added to The Sims 4 in lieu of other features.[48] The developers then announced through a series of tweets that the game would ship with a 'stripped-down' version of story-progression (a gameplay mechanic controlling neighborhood autonomy), and that basements, grocery stores, and school and work locations would not be featured in the game. While careers and schools would still be featured, they would be represented differently from The Sims 3, more akin to the way they were featured in The Sims 2.[49][50][51]

text: These announcements sparked unrest among many fans who speculated that the exclusion of arguably core features were intended by the developers or parent company to be left out for later paid content, or in order to make rushed deadlines.[52][53] A petition was launched by some fans to have the features restored for the initial release, even if the release date were to be pushed back.[54]

text: Maxis contended that it was not possible to include every feature in the new game that had been added over time in the six years The Sims 3 was in development, and that these could always be added at a later date, although they did not confirm exactly how this would be done, or whether it would be free or at a cost.[53] Some have speculated that many new features would be released through paid expansion packs, but others speculated that some of the more "basic, core" content (i.e. pools, toddlers) may be released as free patch updates, similar to how some new features were patched free into The Sims 3, such as basement features.[55]

text: Questioned as to why some features, such as a cupcake machine, were implemented over what many viewed as key gameplay, Maxis and The Sims producer Graham Nardone attributed the sacrifice to time constraints, the workload and distribution of developers (and the comparative lack of available developers to some areas of production to other areas), as well as risk factors:[56]

text: You can't weigh features by how much you want them in the game, you have to consider how many development resources it takes to create them. The tram? A couple of days from one of our FX guys and it's finished... very low risk, very low complexity (using entirely existing tech), and adds a nice visual punch to the neighborhood. I can’t recall ever scoping against FX... they always have time to be adding more stuff.

text: Our FX folks submitted their own long list of things they wanted to work on because there wasn’t enough for them to do. Now, you can’t take the FX team and ask them to add pools to the game. They don’t have the work skills to do it; neither do I. Pools, toddlers... they’re extremely complex features that require months of man hours of work across multiple disciplines and introduce significant risk.

text: If we were to have added one of those to the game, there would have been two choices for us... cut many small features, or cut one other significantly large feature.

text: Maxis and The Sims producer Rachel Rubin Franklin later elaborated in an official blog post, acknowledging the concerns of fans, and explained the issue on the developer's focus on The Sims 4's new core game engine technologies, and that the sacrifices the team had to make were a "hard pill to swallow":

text: It begins with new technology and systems that we built for this new base game for The Sims... the vision for The Sims 4 is a new experience... to do that, our technology base needed a major upgrade.

text: ...when we sat down and looked at everything we wanted to do for this game, all the new tech we wanted to build into it, the fact was that there would be trade-offs, and these would disappoint some of our fans. Hard pill to swallow, believe me, but delivering on the vision set out for The Sims 4 required focus.

text: Franklin stated new features such as Sim emotions, advanced Sim animation, interaction and behaviours, as well as the new Create-a-Sim and build mode tools as a large part of the reason that detracted focus from features such as swimming pools and the toddler life stage.[57]

text: However, on October 1, 2014, Maxis confirmed that one of its missing features, swimming pools, along with other new updates and features, would be added into the game for free in November, and this happened in the form of a game patch.[58][59][60] Other features like basements have later been added in subsequent patches, and the missing "toddler" life stage was eventually added for free in a patch released on January 12, 2017.[10][11]

text:
Significant features added via free game patches

Patch release date
Significant features added[61]

October 1, 2014
Ghost, a new type of sim that is an optional addition to the game, the Deathflower plant, and the "Ambrosia" cooking recipe; Star Wars costumes: Yoda, Princess Leia, Luke Skywalker, and Darth Vader.

November 4, 2014
Swimming pools; various swimwear.

December 16, 2014
Two new active careers: Business and Athletic; Paid Time Off and Family Leave options.

February 3, 2015
Genealogy panel, displaying a Sim's family tree.

March 26, 2015
Basements, down to two levels down, and an additional above ground floor, bringing the total floors available to six; the Notebook feature on the phone, which catalogs a Sim's gardening or fishing discoveries; Paint by Reference option on the easel.

May 4, 2015
New Star Wars costumes: Boba Fett, Darth Maul, and Aayla Secura; Revamped the loading screen.

June 11, 2015
Newcrest, a new world containing fifteen empty lots within three new neighborhoods; the Welcome Wagon from new neighbors; the Custom Room Tool.

July 9, 2015
Half walls; locked doors; King’s and Queen’s Door, which allow only just the men or women to pass through it, respectively; towel full body outfits.

August 6, 2015
A dishwasher is added to the appliances, which needs to be slotted into an existing non-island counter.

September 24, 2015
New Trait: Jealous; Limited Interaction Trick or Treat; Claiming beds; Resizeable rugs; Underground Saunas.

November 3, 2015
New Hire Service: Repair Man.

December 4, 2015
64-bit executable; Automatically disable mods after patch; Change in Sims groups; New NPC Interaction; Fire and Death Reaction Systems; New Venue Type: Pool and New Option to color water; World maps updated; Put grills in inventory.

February 4, 2016
New Trait: Kleptomaniac; New Hire Service: Gardener; New Aspiration; New Content in Build Mode.

April 21, 2016
Returning NPC: Tragic Clown.

June 3, 2016
All Create-a-Sim content is available to both sexes, as well as gender customization.[62]

June 23, 2016
Child Sims can now experience a 'Monster-Under-The-Bed', appearing as tentacles which children can either befriend or ask Adults to Spray. Adults cannot see this Monster, however. A light for warding away the Monster has also been added, which features an image of the new character 'Coolala'. This character appears in the new Kids Room Stuff as well, released June 28, 2016.

July 14, 2016
Nannies have been added, and the ability to adjust all lights in a room in one go has been introduced.

August 18, 2016
Sim Cell Phone covers can be customised.

September 27, 2016
Mexican 'Day of the Dead' CAS Items are added; A Mexican dish, Pan De Muerto, is added to the cooking recipes.

October 27, 2016
Eight new lot traits have been added to the base game; A copy paste function for build mode has been added.[63]

January 12, 2017
The Toddler age group, along with unique Toddler traits, skills, outfits, objects and the ability to customize your sims teeth (includes the other life stages), have been added with a free game update.[11]

February 2, 2017
Redesigned the Main Menu.

May 25, 2017
Updated the Load / Save menu.

November 11, 2017
Four new roofs are added in Build Mode: Pentagonal, Hexagonal, Octagonal, and Round Roofs; Advanced roof curvature mode and additional manipulation points to Gabled and Hipped roofs; Photography is made available to all players; A new Maximum Sim Count option in Gameplay Options; Objects can be shrunk using the Size Down cheat.

February 6, 2018
New female hairstyle and ten new skin tones were added in addition to an anniversary T-shirt.[64]

tag: table

text: Marketing and release[edit]

text: SteelSeries and Electronic Arts announced a series of themed peripherals to promote The Sims 4, including a pair of headphones, a computer mouse that lights up in accordance with Sims' in-game emotional states, and a mousepad featuring a render of various Sim groups.[65]

text: A demo was released to the public displaying the new Create a Sim partition of the game in which is supplied, free of charge to anyone.[34][66][67][68] TV spots were also produced narrated by actor Charlie Day.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: On May 9, 2014, it was reported that The Sims 4 has been rated "18+ (Prohibited for children)" by Russia. This decision was based on the game's portrayal of same-sex relationships contravening the Russian LGBT propaganda law that prohibits portrayal "of non-traditional sexual relationships" to children (see also LGBT rights in Russia).[69][70] Previous entries in The Sims series have routinely been rated as suitable for lower ages; for instance, The Sims 3 was considered suitable for ages 6 and up in Germany, The Sims 4 is suitable for ages 6 and up in Germany as well.[71]

text: Expansions, add-ons and editions[edit]

text: Expansion packs[edit]

text:
Code
Name
Release date
Description

EP01
Get to Work

NA: March 31, 2015
EU: April 2, 2015

The first expansion pack adds three new playable, active careers: Doctor, Detective and Scientist. Get to Work also gives the opportunity to build your own retail store and start your own retail business. The expansion pack also adds a new neighborhood called Magnolia Promenade, and planet Sixam, an alien home world, as well as playable alien Sims. It also adds two new skills (Baking and Photography), new objects and clothing.[72]

EP02
Get Together

NA: December 8, 2015
EU: December 10, 2015

[73]
Get Together is the second expansion pack for The Sims 4, which was announced on August 5, 2015 at Gamescom. The main new feature of this expansion pack is Clubs. The player can create and join Clubs with distinct interests, personalities, and styles where the player can set the rules, define their look, and customize their hangouts. Furthermore, there are brand new activities such as foosball, darts, Don't Wake The Llama and arcade machine. There are also all new DJ & Dancing skills. This expansion pack features a new world of called Windenburg, with scenic neighborhoods and picturesque landmarks, including the sprawling hedge maze at the Von Haunt Estate, the alluring pools along the bluffs, and the mysterious ancient ruins. Other new features include: emotional texts, natural pool colours, new foods & drinks, barista & DJ NPCs, and new Closet WooHoo & Bush WooHoo.

EP03
City Living

NA: November 1, 2016
EU: November 3, 2016

The third expansion pack features a new city called San Myshuno with four unique neighborhoods. City Living introduces new careers reflective of our time including the returning politician career and two new brand new fields never seen in the franchise: social media and critic. The expansion pack focuses on city life and reintroduces apartments into the city, ranging from fixer-uppers to penthouses. There are many new lots and activities for Sims to explore such the Spice Market, Karaoke Bar, Geek Con with video game competitions, the Spice Festival with curry eating contests and a Romance Festival for love-seeking Sims. Apartments will feature lot traits which can be assigned to any lot. The new lot traits will also be available to players who do not purchase the expansion via patch.[20][74][75]

EP04
Cats & Dogs

WW: November 10, 2017

The fourth expansion pack introduces creation of pets such as cats, dogs, and items catered to Sims' furry friends. (Similar to The Sims 3: Pets, The Sims 2: Pets, and The Sims: Unleashed) This also allows players to pursue a veterinary career and create their own veterinary practice.[76][77]

EP05
Seasons

WW: June 22, 2018

TBA

text: Game packs[edit]

text:
Code
Name
Release date
Description

GP01
Outdoor Retreat

WW: January 13, 2015

Adds a new world called Granite Falls. Within the new world Sims can vacation outdoors in a national park. This pack also adds a new skill (Herbalism); a new collectable (insects); and several new Sims traits, achievements, aspirations, outfits, objects, and game interactions related to outdoor activities.

GP02
Spa Day

WW: July 14, 2015

Adds a new building type, the spa. This pack also includes a new skill (Wellness) as well as several new outfits, objects and game interactions related to the typical features in a spa like massages, meditation, mud baths, saunas and yoga.

GP03
Dine Out

WW: June 7, 2016

Allows Sims to visit restaurants, as well as build and run their own restaurant. Those that own restaurants can experiment with new foods, employ staff and succeed in cooking. This pack also comes with a variety of items in Create a Sim.

GP04
Vampires

WW: January 24, 2017

Allows Sims to create Vampires with different powers and weaknesses. A new residential world with five lots, Forgotten Hollow, is also introduced. The pack also comes with a new aspiration, new lot traits and numerous CAS and Build mode items that fit the darker Vampire theme.

GP05
Parenthood

WW: May 30, 2017

Allows adult Sims to control and shape their child or teen's life. New features like cursing, acne, school related projects, and many more. Toddlers, children, and teens can now be rebellious to their parents and other siblings. Parents can treat this new behavior by being strict, or they could be nurturing and hope that good things will come.

GP06
Jungle Adventure

WW: Feb 27, 2018

Adds a new destination called Selvadorada. New food, dance moves and music are added. Ancient artifacts and mysterious relics can be excavated and examined.

text: Stuff packs[edit]

text:
Code
Name
Release date
Description

SP01
Luxury Party Stuff[78]

WW: May 19, 2015

Includes several luxury party outfits and items, including buffet tables and a table-top cheese/chocolate/drinking fountain.

SP02
Perfect Patio Stuff[79]

WW: June 16, 2015

Includes patio furniture, including hot tubs, as well as new outfits.

SP03
Cool Kitchen Stuff[80]

WW: August 11, 2015

Includes kitchen counters, cabinets and appliances, such as an Ice Cream Maker with over 30 different flavors.

SP04
Spooky Stuff[81]

WW: September 29, 2015

Includes Halloween-related costumes, items including spider webs and a pumpkin carving station, and a new spooky-themed party that Sims can throw.

SP05
Movie Hangout Stuff[82]

WW: January 12, 2016

Includes Bohemian-styled clothing, home theaters, and items such as the Popcorn Maker.

SP06
Romantic Garden Stuff[83]

WW: February 9, 2016

Includes garden objects, new outfits, and new gameplay modes.

SP07
Kids Room Stuff

WW: June 28, 2016

Includes items for children's rooms, including new beds, a puppetry, a new game, and new hair and clothes for children.

SP08
Backyard Stuff

WW: July 19, 2016

Includes items for the backyard such as slip 'n' slide and bird feeders, and new hair and clothes.

SP09
Vintage Glamour Stuff

WW: December 6, 2016

Includes vintage style items such as a vanity table, new Old Hollywood inspired clothes and hair and the ability to hire a butler.

SP10
Bowling Night Stuff

WW: March 29, 2017

Includes items such as bowling lanes allowing players to build their own bowling hangout(s) for their Sims to visit. A new five level bowling skill, new themed clothing items, furniture, wallpapers and floorings are also included.

SP11
Fitness Stuff

WW: June 20, 2017

Includes new items such as the rock climbing treadmill, workout videos and earbuds. Also included are more fitness apparel.[84]

SP12
Toddler Stuff

WW: August 24, 2017

Includes new playground equipments for toddlers to use.[85]

SP13
Laundry Day Stuff[86]

WW: January 16, 2018

Includes new home technologies to help your Sim with domestic responsibilities and live an eco-friendly life. Marks of the return of laundry, washing machines and other laundry related items.

SP14
My First Pet Stuff

WW: March 13, 2018

Includes hamster, rat, pygmy hedgehog, or miniature bubalus as new pets.

text: Additional downloadable content (DLC)[edit]

text:
Code
Name
Release date
Description

Rewards

NA: September 2, 2014
EU: September 4, 2014

Bonus content for the owners of The Sims 3 Expansion Packs.

Digital Deluxe Upgrade
Life of the Party

NA: September 2, 2014
EU: September 4, 2014

Included in the Limited Edition and up. Adds the Flaming Tiki Bar and additional outfits.

Awesome Animal Hats
Included in the Digital Deluxe Edition and up. Adds a collection of animal hats.

Up All Night
Included in the Digital Deluxe Edition and up. Adds the Laser Light show, face paint, additional party decorations and outfits, two new party types, and new cooking recipes.

FP01
Holiday Celebration Pack

WW: December 16, 2014

A free downloadable content pack. Adds winter holiday decorations and outfits. New content was added in 2015 and 2016.

Grim's Ghoulish Guitar

WW: August 17, 2016

Bonus content for signing up for emails

text: Editions[edit]

text:
Features
Standard
Limited Edition
Digital Deluxe
Premium Edition
hideCollector's Edition

In-store or Origin download
Origin download only
In store only
Int. Release

Core game

Additional downloadable content
(DLC)
Life of the Party

Awesome Animal Hats

Up All Night

Digital soundtrack

Creators' guide book

USB interactive Plumbob by SteelSeries

text: Expansion-only compilations[edit]

text: Compilations of expansion packs, game packs and stuff packs without the core game have also been released.

text:
Name
Release date
Includes

The Sims 4 Bundle: Get To Work

WW: November 15, 2016

Get to Work, Outdoor Retreat, and Luxury Party Stuff.

The Sims 4 Bundle: Get Together

WW: December 13, 2016

Get Together, Spa Day, and Movie Hangout Stuff.

The Sims 4 Bundle: City Living

WW: August 15, 2017

City Living, Dine Out, and Bowling Night Stuff.

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reviews

Aggregate scores

Aggregator
Score

GameRankings
69%[87]

Metacritic
70/100[4]

Review scores

Publication
Score

Eurogamer
7/10[88]

Game Informer
6.75/10[89]

Game Revolution
[91]

GameSpot
6/10[96]

GamesRadar+
[90]

GameTrailers
6.5/10[92]

IGN
7.5/10[93]

Joystiq
[94]

Maximum PC
8/10

PC Gamer (US)
79/100[95]

Polygon
6.5/10[97]

Hardcore Gamer
2.5/5[98]

text: EA did not provide review copies of the game until September 1, meaning that critics were unable to review the game before release.[99] In the absence of initial reviews it was indicated that players were generally dissatisfied with the game, especially the ones who were familiar with the previous games in the franchise.[100]

text: At the aggregator site Metacritic, The Sims 4 received a score of 70 based on 74 reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reception.[4]

text: Hardcore Gamer gave The Sims 4 a 2.5 score out of 5 and commented "it’s a half-hearted experience wrapped in a neat and pretty package that beams a potential to both fulfill and crush your inner-Sims’ dreams." They criticized the game for the lack of content and having many bugs.[101]

text: Jim Sterling of The Escapist, in a mixed review of the game, found there to be an "overall lack of engagement." Although noting some positive changes he was critical of the game in comparison to previous entries in the series, declaring that "The Sims 4 is basically The Sims 3, but shrunken and sterile," and recommending that game be played instead. He also complained of being "harassed" by tutorial messages. His final score for the game was 2.5 out of 5 stars.[102]

text: ABCNews.com's reviewer Derrik J. Lang praised the game for being "remarkably more intuitive at the start," stating that the Sims are now smarter than before, have emotions that affect their moods, and are able to multi-task. Despite the praise, Lang awarded the game with two stars stating that he encountered annoying glitches and that he misses content from previous games, like dishwashers.[103]

text: Kevin VanOrd of GameSpot gave this game a 6 out of 10. Despite praising the visuals, audio, and the new multi-tasking and moods system, he states that he misses the two main features of The Sims 3: "Create-a-Style" and the open world. His conclusion is: "The Sims 4's biggest problem is that The Sims 3 exists".[104]

text: Other reviews were more favorable. CraveOnline.co.uk mentioned in an article that "the awful user reviews indicate a strong backlash." However, the website added that "Sims fans who haven’t paid much attention to the ongoing controversy surrounding the game may look at those Amazon review scores and, without knowing that many are immediately dismissing the game due to its cut content, decide that they won’t purchase it."[105]

text: Kallie Plagge of IGN gave The Sims 4 a 7.5 out of 10. She was disappointed by the lack of content from previous games, and the lack of "cool" objects that could adequately replace them; and the too frequent, albeit short, loading screens. The score she gave is relatively high, though, because "The Sims 4 does succeed in being a deep and complex game when it comes to Sim interactions, with lots of entertaining emotional potential [...] Plus, excellent building tools make architecture more fun than ever". Her conclusion is that "it’s a good start to what may eventually be expanded into a great Sims game, but it’s not there yet".[106]

text: The Independent's Jack Fleming praised the game for "The Gallery" feature that allows users to showcase their creations easily, the new multitasking system, the visual design, the personalities and emotions, the unusual careers (that, for example, allow the sim to travel into space), and the new build mode. On the other hand, he voiced his frustration with the loading screens, the new camera controls (while noting they can be reverted to The Sims 3 style), and noted the lack of content from previous installments (such as swimming pools and toddlers) made many fans upset. In conclusion he writes: "The Sims 4 is an easy game to get into (though the constant tutorial-ising at the start can actually get a bit frustrating) and the reasons that people love this series are still present. The game’s creators have tried to make the appeal as diverse as possible and have in most ways succeeded. However, I couldn’t help but wish I could actually go to space and drive that spaceship around..."[107]

text: Nick Tan of Game Revolution states that the game is a case study for loss aversion. He explains that the reason for Sims fans expressing so much anger and dissatisfaction with it is because people "strongly prefer avoiding losses than acquiring gains". That, combined with the hatred for Electronic Arts that greatly intensified after the release of the latest SimCity game, resulted in such a backlash. Tan gave The Sims 4 a 3.5/5, calling it "woefully incomplete, despite being unexpectedly solid and entertaining in its current state".[108]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Blind Squirrel Entertainment co-developed the PS4 and Xbox One versions

tag: ol


document_title: American Horror Story

question_text: ok google when does american horror story start

text: American Horror Story

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Title
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
Murder House
12
October 5, 2011 (2011-10-05)
December 21, 2011 (2011-12-21)

2
Asylum
13
October 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)
January 23, 2013 (2013-01-23)

3
Coven
13
October 9, 2013 (2013-10-09)
January 29, 2014 (2014-01-29)

4
Freak Show
13
October 8, 2014 (2014-10-08)
January 21, 2015 (2015-01-21)

5
Hotel
12
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)
January 13, 2016 (2016-01-13)

6
Roanoke
10
September 14, 2016 (2016-09-14)
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)

7
Cult
11
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)

text: Murder House (2011)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2011, the season follows the Harmons, consisting of psychiatrist Ben (Dylan McDermott), his wife Vivien (Connie Britton), and their teenage daughter Violet (Taissa Farmiga), as they move from Boston to Los Angeles to make a fresh start after Vivien's miscarriage led to Ben having an affair with one of his students; which almost tore their family apart. They move into a restored mansion and soon encounter the resident's housekeeper, Moira (Frances Conroy), as well as their neighbors – the eccentric Langdon family consisting of Constance (Jessica Lange) and her daughter Adelaide (Jamie Brewer). The Harmons' lives are troubled by the meddling Langdons, as well as by the disfigured Larry (Denis O'Hare), a former resident of the mansion who is secretly in love with Constance, and the scorned Hayden (Kate Mara), Ben's student who follows him to Los Angeles and is pregnant from their affair. Ben and Vivien try to rekindle their relationship as Violet, suffering from depression, finds comfort with Tate (Evan Peters), one of her father's mysterious patients who is plagued by violent dreams. The family soon discovers that the home is haunted by the ghosts of anyone who has ever died on the property. Flashbacks depict the mansion's previous homeowners throughout the last century, dating back to its construction in the 1920s. The season deals with infidelity, as well as other themes including depression, family, school violence, and sexuality.

text: Asylum (2012–13)[edit]

text: Set in the year 1964, the season follows the patients and staff members of the church-owned Briarcliff Mental Institution, located in Massachusetts, which was founded to treat and house the criminally insane. Kit Walker (Evan Peters), accused of being prolific serial killer "Bloody Face" after the disappearance of his wife but claiming that his wife was abducted by aliens, is incarcerated at Briarcliff. This piques the interest of ambitious journalist Lana Winters (Sarah Paulson), who is yearning to find a story for her big break. At Briarcliff, Kit meets the other patients, many of whom claim to be unjustly institutionalized, including nymphomaniac Shelley (Chloe Sevigny), and the unassuming Grace (Lizzie Brocheré) from France, who appears to be harboring a deep secret of her own. Believed to be a violent serial killer, he becomes the subject of interest of pragmatic psychiatrist Dr. Oliver Thredson (Zachary Quinto) and the sadistic Dr. Arthur Arden (James Cromwell), the latter of whom routinely conducts scientific operations on patients. The institution is run under the watchful eye of the stern Sister Jude (Jessica Lange), as well as her second-in-command, the naive Sister Mary Eunice (Lily Rabe), and the founder of the institution, Monsignor Timothy Howard (Joseph Fiennes). Briarcliff's inhabitants are routinely subject to supernatural and scientific influences, including demonic possession and extraterrestrial abduction. The season mostly deals with insanity, with other themes including female sexuality, corrupt ambition, religion versus science, racism, prejudice, death, and faith.

text: Coven (2013–14)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2013, the season follows the dwindling descendants of the witches who survived the Salem Witch Trials and their struggle to hide their identity in the modern world. Those who share this genetic affliction are being subjected to violent attacks from outside forces, such as religious townspeople and witch hunters. Zoe Benson (Taissa Farmiga), a young teenager completely unaware of the existence of witches, discovers her identity as a Salem descendent after a violent accident that causes the death of her boyfriend. She is sent to an all-girls boarding school in New Orleans which aims to protect and house young women who carry this unique bloodline, and keep them from the dangers of the outside world. There, she meets the other students, narcissistic film star Madison Montgomery (Emma Roberts), outspoken Queenie (Gabourey Sidibe), and enigmatic Nan (Jamie Brewer), and gets romantically entangled with Kyle (Evan Peters), a non-witch and good-natured college student. The school is run by headmistress Cordelia Foxx (Sarah Paulson), head of the Witches Council and eccentric fashionista Myrtle Snow (Frances Conroy), and the mute butler Spalding (Denis O'Hare). Cordelia's mother, Fiona Goode (Jessica Lange), is the Supreme and most powerful witch of her generation, though she regularly avoids her responsibilities, much to the chagrin of Cordelia and her long-time rival Myrtle. After a mob of townspeople discover and nearly kill a lonely, young witch living in the swamps named Misty (Lily Rabe), Fiona returns to the school to ensure the safety of the other young witches, but also to fulfill her own hidden agenda. Events reveal a long-held rivalry between the witches of Salem and the voodoo practitioners of New Orleans, as well as a historic grudge between Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau (Angela Bassett) and socialite serial killer Delphine LaLaurie (Kathy Bates). This season mostly deals with oppression, with other themes including witchcraft, voodoo, racism, prejudice, death, and family, such as the relationships between mothers and daughters.

text: Freak Show (2014–15)[edit]

text: Set in the year 1952 in the quiet town of Jupiter, Florida, the season follows a struggling freak show led by Elsa Mars (Jessica Lange). Decades have passed since the public has looked upon freak shows as a form of entertainment, but Elsa dreams of finding a home for her "monsters", as well as for her own fame and fortune. Other members of her troupe include Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters), a boy born with syndactyly who dreams of living a normal life, and his mother Ethel (Kathy Bates), a bearded lady who is Elsa's second-in-command by maintaining law and order under the tent. A strongman from Ethel's troubled past named Dell Toledo (Michael Chiklis), and his three-breasted wife Desiree Dupree (Angela Bassett), make waves when they arrive to join the freak show. To drum up business and save her troupe once and for all, Elsa also recruits conjoined twin sisters Bette and Dot Tattler (Sarah Paulson) to perform for her show. In a time when the era of television is beginning to reign high above sideshow acts, these individuals must overcome those who persecute them based on their looks. However, as events unfold, it is revealed that multiple dark entities have taken up residence in Jupiter, with all of their eyes being set on the freaks. A conman named Stanley (Denis O'Hare), posing as a Hollywood executive, arrives with his young protege Maggie (Emma Roberts), with the intention of murdering the freaks and sending their bodies to a museum for profit. The wealthy and spoiled Dandy Mott (Finn Wittrock), enabled by his doting mother Gloria (Frances Conroy), develops an unhealthy obsession with the freaks, particularly Bette and Dot. Perhaps most dangerous of all is a mysterious, deformed serial killer, only known as Twisty the Clown (John Carroll Lynch), who wreaks havoc among the town and appears to be targeting freaks and townspeople alike. This season mostly deals with discrimination, with other themes including prejudice, acceptance, exploitation, entertainment, television, and medical oddities.

text: Hotel (2015–16)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2015, the season follows the strange and dangerous happenings that seem to center around the retro Hotel Cortez in downtown Los Angeles, California, initially built as a secret torture chamber to fulfill the violent desires of founder James Patrick March (Evan Peters). Detective John Lowe (Wes Bentley) arrives at the hotel, based on intel from an anonymous tip, to investigate a grisly string of murders, each of which exemplify a sin in violation of one of the Ten Commandments. He has become estranged from his wife Alex (Chloe Sevigny), who suffers from depression, and his daughter Scarlett (Shree Crooks), after the disappearance of their son Holden (Lennon Henry). As the season unfolds, the Lowes discover that the disappearance of Holden may be related to the strange activities at the hotel, lead by the centuries-old, bloodthirsty vampire Elizabeth, known to others simply as the Countess (Lady Gaga), and her current lover and former heroin addict-turned-vampire Donovan (Matt Bomer). Throughout his investigation, John also becomes entangled with a mysterious heroin junkie named Sally (Sarah Paulson), as well as the ghost of James Patrick March, who is looking for a protege to continue the violent acts he started when he was alive. The hotel's tireless staff includes the surly front desk manager Iris (Kathy Bates), Donovan's mother who took the job to be close to her son, and perceptive transgender bartender Liz (Denis O'Hare), both of whom hesitantly cater to the Countess and her homicidal tendencies. The Countess's relationship with Donovan becomes troubled with the arrival of male model heartthrob Tristan (Finn Wittrock), New York fashion designer and potential purchaser of the hotel Will Drake (Cheyenne Jackson), and her former scorned lover and actress Ramona Royale (Angela Bassett), all of whom become entangled in her hedonistic, violent lifestyle. This season mostly deals with addiction, with other themes including sexuality, insanity, revenge, debauchery, religion, sin, drug use, forgiveness, and death.

text: Roanoke (2016)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2016, the season follows the supernatural events that occur in a renovated farmhouse in North Carolina which is situated on the land where the Roanoke Colony moved after their infamous disappearance. Shelby Miller (Lily Rabe), her husband Matt (André Holland), along with Matt's sister Lee Harris (Adina Porter) recount their harrowing experience living in the farmhouse a year prior in a popular documentary titled My Roanoke Nightmare, including their encounters with the ghosts of the house's previous residents, the violent ghosts of the Roanoke Colony, the cannibalistic Polk family who live nearby, and a mysterious but dangerous entity known as Scathach. The documentary becomes a huge success, featuring dramatic reenactments of the Millers' story starring Audrey Tindall (Sarah Paulson) as Shelby, Dominic Banks (Cuba Gooding Jr.) as Matt, Monet Tumusiime (Angela Bassett) as Lee, Agnes Mary Winstead (Kathy Bates) as Thomasin, the matriarch of the ghost colony, Rory Monahan (Evan Peters) as Edward Mott, the wealthy former owner of the house, William van Henderson (Denis O'Hare) as Dr. Cunningham, a professor who becomes entranced with the paranormal happenings of the area, Dylan (Wes Bentley) as Ambrose, another member of the ghost colony. The success of the documentary leads to a sequel titled Return to Roanoke: Three Days In Hell, spearheaded by the producer of the original series, Sidney Aaron James (Cheyenne Jackson), who invites the Millers, as well as many of the reenactment actors, to return to the farmhouse for three days, where all their actions will be captured by hidden cameras. Although the Millers are aware of the entities that reside in the house, all three agree to return, each with their own agenda. The production eventually descends into disaster, however, as cast and crew alike are quickly targeted when the violent entities begin to surface. This season mostly deals with exploitation, with other themes including reality, fame, motherhood, family, publicity, revenge, the media, and television.

text: Cult (2017)[edit]

text: Set in the year 2017, the fictitious town of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, is left divided upon the wake of Donald Trump's presidential election. Local restaurant owner Ally Mayfair-Richards (Sarah Paulson) is left utterly distraught, along with her wife Ivy (Alison Pill). Despite the help of her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent (Cheyenne Jackson), Ally becomes increasingly unstable in the following weeks, her long repressed phobias begin to re-emerge, and they begin to affect her relationships with her wife as well as their son Oz (Cooper Dodson). Across town, a young man named Kai Anderson (Evan Peters) rejoices at the election results, enticing him to pursue political power by running for city council, led by an eccentric old feminist woman, called Bebe Babbitt (Frances Conroy), with the help of his reluctant, liberal sister Winter (Billie Lourd), who was also hired by the Mayfair-Richards household as their babysitter. As Ally attempts to adjust to regular life despite her growing anxiety and paranoia, she becomes terrorized by a group of masked assailants in clown attire who are only present when she is alone, leaving those around her to wonder if she was truly attacked, or if they were merely hallucinations. Kai's faithful followers include Ally's eccentric neighbors Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), newscast reporter Beverly Hope (Adina Porter), sneaky Detective Jack Samuels (Colton Haynes), as well as local grocery cashier Gary K. Longstreet (Chaz Bono).With Kai's rise to power revealing sinister motives, amplifying her growing distrust of those around her, such as her neighbors, Ally starts to draw connections between her alleged clown attackers and the many strange incidents occurring in Brookfield Heights, and she begins to fear that everyone in town is out to get her. This season mostly deals with marginalization, with other themes including politics, government, conspiracies, the media, fear, power, disenfranchisement, revenge, sexism, and oppression.

text: Season 8[edit]

text: On January 12, 2017, the series was renewed for an eighth season set to air in 2018.[7] On October 1, 2017, it was announced that cast mainstay Sarah Paulson will return to the eighth season.[8]

text: Season 9[edit]

text: On January 12, 2017, the series was renewed for a ninth season set to air in 2019.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text:
What you saw in the finale was the end of the Harmon house. The second season of the show will be a brand-new home or building to haunt. Just like this year, every season of this show will have a beginning, middle and end. [The second season] won't be in L.A. It will obviously be in America, but in a completely different locale.
“
”

– Murphy on the series' anthology format[9]

tag: div

text: Creators Murphy and Falchuk began working on American Horror Story before their Fox series Glee began production. Murphy wanted to do the opposite of what he had done previously and thus began his work on the series. He stated: "I went from Nip/Tuck to Glee, so it made sense that I wanted to do something challenging and dark. And I always had loved, as Brad had, the horror genre. So it just was a natural for me."[10] Falchuk was intrigued by the idea of putting a different angle on the horror genre, stating that their main goal in creating the series was to scare viewers. "You want people to be a little bit off balance afterwards," he said.[11]

text: In February 2011, FX officially announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series from Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, with both Murphy and Falchuk writing and Murphy directing. Dante Di Loreto was announced as executive producer. Production on the series began in April 2011.[12] In July 2011, FX officially announced the project had been picked up to series.[13]

text: From the beginning, Murphy and Falchuk planned that each season of the series would tell a different story.[9] After the first-season finale aired, Murphy spoke of his plans to change the cast and location for the second season.[14] He did say, however, that some actors who starred in the first season would be returning. "The people that are coming back will be playing completely different characters, creatures, monsters, etc. [The Harmons'] stories are done. People who are coming back will be playing entirely new characters," he announced.[9] In November 2012, FX chief executive, John Landgraf, described the unique format of the series stating: "[T]he notion of doing an anthological series of miniseries with a repertory cast – has proven groundbreaking, wildly successful and will prove to be trendsetting."[15]

text: At the 2013 PaleyFest, Falchuk compared the series to horror films: "It does demand a little bit of compassion at the end because you fall in love with these characters in a different way than you would in a movie," he said. "If you want to kill everybody in a movie except one person, you can kind of get away with that, but if you're looking to do a horror TV show, you have a different responsibility to the characters because the audience has a different affection for them."[16]

text: Murphy then explained the process of planning a series' season takes about a year. "We come up with story first and then we come up with the characters," he said. "It is a repertory company, so we'll move people around and sometimes there won't yet be a role for somebody. Like when we started [the second season], I really had no idea that Dylan [McDermott] would be the person to play Sarah's son, but the deeper we got, I thought, that would work great."[16]

text: In an August 2015 article for Entertainment Weekly, Murphy revealed that the show is mulling producing two seasons a year. The first being broadcast in the spring and the second in the fall. He explained, "We're doing something that we've never done before on the show where we're doing two different groups of writers rooms. Some of our writers will be bouncing around but a whole different group coming in late August. The next thing we’re crafting up is very, very different than [Hotel]. Not smaller. But just not opulent. More rogue and more dark."[17]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Connie Britton was first to be cast in the series, portraying female lead Vivien Harmon on Murder House.[18] Denis O'Hare joined second as Larry Harvey.[19] Jessica Lange soon followed as Constance, her first regular role on television.[20] Dylan McDermott joined the cast soon after Lange as the male lead Ben Harmon.[21] Taissa Farmiga and Evan Peters were the last actors to be added to the main cast, portraying Violet Harmon and Tate Langdon, respectively.[22]

text: In March 2012, Murphy revealed that the second season had been conceptualized around Jessica Lange who portrays Sister Jude, a sadistic nun who runs the asylum.[23] Evan Peters, Sarah Paulson, Lily Rabe and Zachary Quinto also return as main cast members in the second season.[24] Peters portrays Kit Walker, an inmate accused of murdering his wife.[25] Paulson portrays Lana, a lesbian reporter who gets committed to the asylum because of her sexuality and intent to snoop around the sanitorium.[26] Rabe's character is Sister Mary Eunice, clumsy second-in-charge to Sister Jude.[27] Quinto portrays Dr. Thredson, a psychiatrist at the asylum.[28][29] Lizzie Brocheré stars as Grace Bertrand, a character described originally as "a fierce, ferocious, extremely sexual, and dangerous wild-child sexpot", but the role was later heavily revamped.[30][31] James Cromwell co-stars as Dr. Arthur Arden, who proclaims to be in charge of the asylum and performs dark experiments on its patients.[32][33][34] Joseph Fiennes starred as Monsignor Timothy Howard, a possible love interest for Sister Jude.[34][35][36]

text: For the third season, series executive producers and co-creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk stated that, as with the second season, "many actors" would return in different roles, beginning with Jessica Lange.[37] Evan Peters and Sarah Paulson were confirmed to return, portraying Kyle Spencer and Cordelia Foxx, respectively. Murphy added that Lange would portray a "real glamour-cat lady", later revealed to be named Fiona Goode.[38] Taissa Farmiga, Violet in the first season, starred as Zoe Benson, a character that is involved in a prominent romance during the season.[39] Lily Rabe co-starred as Misty Day.[40] Series recurring actress Frances Conroy joined as a main cast member, playing the character of Myrtle Snow.[39] Oscar-winning actress Kathy Bates was confirmed to co-star. It was first reported that she would portray "a woman who, at the start, is Lange's character's best friend, but will become her worst enemy", but this was altered.[41] Murphy stated that Bates' character will be "five times worse than [her] Misery character" and is also inspired by a "true event". She portrayed Madame Delphine LaLaurie, an immortal racist.[42] It was announced in May 2013 that Emma Roberts had been added to the cast. Roberts played Madison Montgomery, a "self-involved party girl".[43] In July 2013, season one alum Denis O'Hare also joined the cast in an unknown role,[44] later revealed as Spalding.

text: In November 2013, Ryan Murphy confirmed that Jessica Lange would be returning for a fourth season, although in a reduced capacity. It was later revealed she would be playing Freak Show owner Elsa Mars.[45] Kathy Bates returned in a main role, portraying bearded lady Ethel Darling.[46] On March 29, 2014, Murphy announced that Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Frances Conroy, Emma Roberts, Denis O'Hare, and Angela Bassett would all return for the fourth season.[47] Paulson portrayed conjoined sisters Bette and Dot Tattler; Peters portrayed "Lobster Boy" Jimmy Darling; Conroy played the well-off Gloria Mott; Bassett portrayed three-breasted hermaphrodite Desiree Dupree; and O'Hare played Stanley, a conman working with Roberts' Maggie Esmerelda. At PaleyFest 2014, it was revealed that Michael Chiklis would be joining the cast as Dell Toledo, the father of Jimmy, ex-husband of Ethel, and current husband of Desiree.[48] Finn Wittrock later joined the main cast as Gloria's spoiled son, Dandy Mott.

text: On the series' fifth cycle, singer-songwriter Lady Gaga was announced as the first and new cast member on February 25, 2015.[49] After a special guest appearance on the previous season, Matt Bomer joined the fifth season's cast along with series newcomer Cheyenne Jackson during PaleyFest 2015.[50] Chloë Sevigny and Wes Bentley were promoted as main cast members, after they appear as recurring special guests in Asylum and Freak Show respectively.[51] Since PaleyFest, Murphy has announced the series returns of Kathy Bates, Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters and Angela Bassett.[52] On June 2015, Denis O'Hare will also return for the fifth series.[53] In August 2015, Murphy announced the character roles for the cast: Gaga portrayed Elizabeth Johnson also known as "The Countess", a fashionista who owns the Hotel Cortez; Jackson played desperate fashion designer Will Drake; O'Hare's Liz Taylor was a transwoman bartender who works at the hotel's Blue Parrot Lounge bar; Sevigny played pediatrician Dr. Alex Lowe who was the wife of Bentley's John Lowe, a detective who investigates the murders inside the hotel; Bomer’s role as Donovan was the acquaintance to the Countess and often had conflict between his mother and hotel manager Iris (played by Bates); Bassett portrayed actress Ramona Royale who was the former lover of Elizabeth; Paulson describes her character, Sally as a drug addict who had a rivalry with Iris and forms a bond with John since his visit in the hotel.[54] Peters played serial killer James Patrick March and was the original hotelier of the Hotel Cortez.

text: In February 2016, Angela Bassett confirms she will return to join the main cast of the sixth series during an interview with Larry King.[55] Denis O'Hare announced that he will also appear in the series on a May 2016 interview.[56] In June 2016, Cheyenne Jackson and Evan Peters return for the sixth season as well as Wes Bentley and Kathy Bates.[57][58][59] In August 2016, Sarah Paulson announced that she would return to the series in the sixth season and Ryan Murphy announced that award-nominated actor Cuba Gooding Jr. joined the main cast.[60][61] In September 2016, the full main cast was announced after the pilot episode with the inclusion of André Holland and returning series veteran Lily Rabe.[62] On Halloween 2016, Murphy announced that Paulson's Asylum character, Lana Winters will also appear in the series after the recent appearance of the actress' first role Billie Dean Howard from Murder House in the final episode of the fifth season.[63][64]

text: For the seventh season, Paulson and Peters were set to return in the series during the Winter 2017 TCA Press Tour.[65] Billie Lourd, who made her breakout appearance with Murphy in 2015, was confirmed to join the main cast on April while Jackson was the next series regular to return in the next month.[66][67][68] In June, Alison Pill was announced to co-star in the series portraying the partner of Paulson’s character.[69]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The pilot episode was shot on location in a house in Country Club Park, Los Angeles, California, which serves as the haunted house and crime scene in the series. Designed and built in 1908 by Alfred Rosenheim, the president of the American Institute of Architects' Los Angeles chapter, the Tudor or Collegiate Gothic-style single family home was previously used as a convent.[70][71] The first season was filmed on sets which are an exact replica of the house.[72] Details such as Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass windows and hammered bronze light fixtures were re-created to preserve the look of the house.[70]

text: Production and shooting for the second season began in late July 2012 for a scheduled premiere in mid October.[73] The exteriors for the second season were filmed in Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California, a rural area outside Los Angeles, although the season took place in Massachusetts.[74]

text: Principal photography for the third season began on July 23, 2013,[75] in New Orleans, Louisiana.[76][77] It was first reported that the season would film in multiple locations, but filming primarily took place in New Orleans.[78]

text: Principal photography for season 4 began on July 15, 2014, in New Orleans, though the story takes place in Jupiter, Florida.

text: Principal photography for season 5 began on July 14, 2015, in Los Angeles, California, where the story also takes place.[79] Murphy revealed a six-story hotel set was being built on the Fox lot. A dummy set of the hotel was built at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International, showing an Art Deco style building from the 1920s, inspired by the old Hollywood era.[80]

text: Filming for season 6 began on July 6, 2016 at Santa Clarita, California.[81] Set constructions include a Colonial Settler home to speculate the disappearance of the Roanoke Colony.[82]

text: Filming for season 7 was originally planned to begin in Orange, California on June 2017 before it was moved to May instead.[83][84]

text: Title sequences[edit]

text: American Horror Story's title screens offer vague hints to important plot elements and events that compose each season. For Murder House, Murphy described the sequence as a mini-mystery and stated that: "By the time you see the ninth episode of this season, every image in that title sequence will be explained," establishing the purpose of the title sequence for future seasons.[85]

text: The opening title sequence was created by Kyle Cooper and his company Prologue. He also created the title sequence for the AMC series The Walking Dead and the 1995 film Seven. The theme music was composed by sound designer Cesar Davila-Irizarry and musician Charlie Clouser.[86] The cinematography was done by Juan Ruiz Anchía and the editing by Gabriel J. Diaz.

text: For the first season, the sequence is set in the Harmons' basement and includes images of postmortem young children, fetuses in jars, skulls, a christening dress, a nurse's uniform, and a figure holding a pair of bloody hedge clippers. A photo of alleged axe murderer Lizzie Borden is shown.

text: The second season's opening sequence is done by the same creative team. "We are shooting a new title sequence with the same team that did last year's," series creator Ryan Murphy said. "The song may stay... not sure."[87] The music was kept, and the new title sequence was set around the Asylum, using shots of inmates raving and surgeons operating on patients with bandages obscuring their faces. Elements include a young girl walking backwards on her hands and feet up a staircase and a shot of the Virgin Mary's smile changing from one of benevolence to one of spite.

text: The third season's opening sequence keeps the same music, and this sequence is the first one to be filmed primarily outside and not in an enclosed location. Shots include figures wearing black robes and capirotes, a bony-skeleton creature with wings and shots of dead goats, the Minotaur from the season also appears. For the first time, there are actual backgrounds that appear with the actor names instead of an all-black background, some of these images include witches hanging and Santa Muerte. Other elements include a black man with piercing eyes and a disturbing smile as well as voodoo dolls. The final shot continues after the figures in black capirotes seize one of their own who is later seen burning at a stake where young, dress-clad witches dance around.

text: The fourth season's opening sequence changed things up, the series theme music remains intact albeit with an added carnival-like soundscape. The sequence is composed of both CGI and stop-motion animation and features strange characters such as a skeleton chimera of a human being and an elephant riding a bicycle, a skeleton of what appears to be a single head but two bodies, a devil-like man, a boy in a wheel chair with deformed legs, a character with severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, a clown who can twist his head around, a woman with a third leg where her genitalia should be, and a demonic cymbal-banging monkey toy. There are also shots of side show attractions like the Human Blockhead, knife throwing and sword swallowing. The main recurring element features a balloon twister popping balloons with a knife.

text: The fifth season's opening sequence also was very different from previous seasons', taking a more biblical approach. The font, while remaining the same as the first four seasons, glow in red against a hotel wallpaper. The Ten Commandments are also shown throughout the video. The intro returns to live-action like the first three seasons. Visuals include many people scrubbing blood all over the walls and the floor, strange things shown through peepholes, people being victims to the hotel, little kids running around the hotel, as well as many different creatures.[88]

text: The sixth season featured no title sequence or opening credits, instead opting for a simple title card (from the first season) which read "American Horror Story", while the series theme music plays over the end credits.

text: In the deveploment of the seventh season, Ryan Murphy confirmed that the opening sequence will return. The seventh season's opening sequence features the series theme music played by a marching band. The sequence is live-action. Visuals include: a gang of clowns rises from a casket, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton masks, Benjamin Franklin statue, a dead dog killed by toxic gas, a Merry Go Round, bloody hands that cannot be washed, beehive, toxic smoke released from a grenade, holes in several forms, bloody US flag with sound of a xylophone playing The Star-Spangled Banner, blood covered couple having sex and a handcuffed pinky promise. Clowns also appear throughout the sequence.

text: The title sequence for all seasons of the show use a variation of the Willow typeface that very closely resembles a style for which Scottish designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh was known.[89]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: As part of the promotion for the series, FX launched a "House Call" campaign, in which viewers at home could sign up and come face-to-face with a character from the series.[90] Prior to the series premiere, FX released several clues to shine light on the series. They were offered on the show's official YouTube channel. Ten clues were released.[91] In September 2011, FX launched a website which allows visitors to tour the Murder House throughout the decades and look for clues.[92]

text: In August 2012, the first promo for the second season was released on the American Horror Story Facebook page entitled "Special Delivery", in which a nun carries a couple of buckets filled with body parts through a field. As a church bell rings, the nun empties one bucket's bloody contents, leaving the empty bucket behind, and resumes her trek.[93] Over 20 subsequent teasers were released.[94] Four photos were also released on EW.com.[95] Two televised teasers, titled "Meet the Residents", were released on August 31, 2012. They feature the patients and some staff (such as Dr. Thredson, played by Zachary Quinto, and Sister Mary Eunice, played by Lily Rabe) lying in twin beds and dealing with their individual issues as the heads of the asylum (Jessica Lange, Joseph Fiennes and James Cromwell) look on. The song "Que Sera, Sera", mixed with the show's theme music, plays.[96] To promote Cult, a competition was set up where fans who donated to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles could get a chance to get a walk-on role in an episode, and lunch with Evan Peters.[97]

text: Universal's Halloween Horror Nights[edit]

text: On August 16, 2016, FX announced a deal had been struck to feature an American Horror Story exhibit at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Orlando for their Halloween Horror Nights. The maze will feature sets and themes from Murder House, Freak Show, and Hotel. Universal said of the experience, "Twisted scenes from Murder House will unleash the evil spirits that possess the Harmon estate, spiraling guests through decades of the tortured dead who previously resided there. In Freak Show, guests will join a troupe of biological misfits in a sinister sideshow where they'll be stalked by the murderous and deformed Twisty the Clown. Finally, guests will succumb to the warped desires of The Countess after checking into the haunted Hotel Cortez, conceived from the beginning as a torture chamber for its customers."[98]

text: In 2017, the show returned as haunted attractions to both parks, with Universal Orlando having an attraction based on Asylum, Coven, and Roanoke, and Universal Studios Hollywood basing their attraction solely on Roanoke.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered on October 5, 2011, and is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States. In November 2011, it premiered internationally on the respective countries' Fox International Channels. The first season premiered on October 5, 2011, and concluded on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and will conclude on November 14, 2017. The latter three seasons premiered on the same day and same time with the American broadcasts on FX in Canada, though the first season followed a slightly different schedule as that network launched on October 31, 2011. The series is aired in India on STAR World Premiere HD shortly after its U.S. airing. Along with it, it airs on FX India on standard definition and Fox in UK and Ireland in October 2011.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

Murder House
74% (38 reviews)
62 (30 reviews)

Asylum
84% (43 reviews)
65 (23 reviews)

Coven
84% (34 reviews)
71 (24 reviews)

Freak Show
79% (33 reviews)
69 (19 reviews)

Hotel
64% (44 reviews)
60 (24 reviews)

Roanoke
78% (13 reviews)
72 (9 reviews)

Cult
72% (42 reviews)
66 (24 reviews)

Average
76%
67

text: The first season of American Horror Story received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 74% of 38 critics gave the first season a positive review. The site's consensus stated: "Convoluted yet effective, American Horror Story is strange, gory, and twisted enough to keep viewers hooked."[99] The first season scored 62 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews.[100] Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly awarded the pilot episode a B+, stating: "AHS is pretty much all scare, all the time: a whole lotta screams, sex, jolts, mashed faces, psychotic behavior, and dead babies."[101] Hank Stuever from The Washington Post said in his review that: "Overdoing things is one of Murphy's trademark flaws, but this show has a captivating style and giddy gross-outs."[102] Not all reviews were favorable: Alan Sepinwall of HitFix gave the series a D−, saying: "It is so far over the top that the top is a microscopic speck in its rearview mirror, and so full of strange sounds, sights and characters that you likely won't forget it – even though many of you will wish you could."[103] Sepinwall would later go on to call it one of the worst TV shows of 2011.[104] The Los Angeles Times' Mary McNamara gave it a mixed review, stating that it "collapses into camp... upon more than one occasion" but also noting that it is "hard to look away."[105]

text: The second season, American Horror Story: Asylum, received mostly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 84% of 43 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: Asylum crosses boundaries to shock and scare with sexy subplots and some innovative takes on current social issues."[106] It scored 65 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 23 reviews.[107] James Poniewozik from Time stated: "AHS: Asylum feels like a more focused, if equally frenetic, screamfest. It's also gorgeously realized, with a vision of its '60s institution setting so detailed you can smell the stale air and incense."[108] Maureen Ryan of The Huffington Post said: "It's to the credit of Asylum's writers, directors and cast that the emotional pain of the characters often feels as real as their uncertainty and terror."[109] Verne Gay from Newsday gave the season a C grade, stating it "has some good special effects, just not much of a story to hang them on."[110] Linda Stasi of the New York Post thought the season was "over the top," adding: "I need to enter [an asylum] myself after two hours of this craziness."[111]

text: The third season, American Horror Story: Coven, received positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 84% of 34 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus reads: "A noteworthy ensemble cast combined with creepy storytelling and campy, outrageous thrills make American Horror Story: Coven a potently structured fright-fest."[112] It scored 71 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 24 reviews, the highest score for the show to that point. Not all reviews were positive, however, with criticism focused mainly in regards to the progression of both the story and certain character arcs in the second half of the season. The A.V. Club gave this season the low rating of a D+, with critic Todd Van DerWerff remarking: "It lurched drunkenly from idea to idea, never settling on one long enough to build anything of worth."[113]

text: The fourth season, American Horror Story: Freak Show, received mostly positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 79% of 32 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "Though it may turn off new viewers unaccustomed to its unabashed weirdness, Freak Show still brings the thrills, thanks to its reliably stylish presentation and game cast."[114] It scored 69 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 19 "generally favorable" reviews.[115]

text: The fifth season, American Horror Story: Hotel, received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 63% of 43 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "Favoring garish style over effective storytelling, the fifth American Horror Story strands a talented cast at Ryan Murphy's Hotel." Audience reception on the same website was also mixed, with 57% of viewers giving the show a favorable review.[116] Hotel scored a 60 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 24 "mixed or average" reviews.[117]

text: The sixth season, American Horror Story: Roanoke, received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 78% of 13 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: My Roanoke Nightmare takes a surprising turn away from prior AHS formats, revisiting the deliberate pace of earlier seasons on a spookier, smaller scale, even if the true-crime format feels overdone."[118] It scored a 72 on Metacritic based on six reviews.[119]

text: The seventh season, American Horror Story: Cult, received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 72% of 42 critics gave the season a positive review. The site's consensus is: "American Horror Story: Cult intrigues with timely, over-the-top creepiness – and lots of clowns – despite being hampered by broad political generalizations and occasional holes in the narrative's logic." It scored a 66 on Metacritic based on 24 "generally favorable" reviews.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The pilot episode of American Horror Story was watched by 3.2 million viewers and averaged a 1.6 rating in the 18–49 years adult demographic, the most sought after by advertisers.[120] These were the best numbers FX had ever received for a series premiere.[121] The episode was seen by 3.2 million total viewers in 59 countries.[122] Ratings increased as the season progressed, with the season finale being watched by 3.22 million viewers and receiving a 1.7 ratings share in the 18–49 years adult demographic.[123] The series premiere aired in November 2011 across Europe and Latin America on Fox International Channels, and ranked as first or second most watched telecast in its timeslot among all paid television in most metered markets.[122] "Numbers so strong, it’s scary. American Horror Story has brought droves of new viewers to a killer global lineup," said Hernan Lopez, the president of Fox International Channels.[122]

text: The second season's premiere gained a 2.2 18–49 ratings share and gathered 3.85 million viewers,[124] marking the highest numbers for the series.[125] By the season's sixth episode, the numbers dropped to a series-low 0.9 18–49 ratings share and 1.89 million viewers;[126] however, they rebounded to above two million viewers for the subsequent episodes,[127][128] and reached 2.29 million viewers for the season's finale.[129] The premiere of the fifth season of the series became the second most-watched telecast in the network's history, only behind the premiere episode of the previous season, which was watched by 6.13 million viewers.[130] The show was subsequently renewed for another season; John Landgraf, the CEO of the network, commented on the show's success by saying that American Horror Story, the network's highest rated series, "has unquestionably joined the ranks of television's landmark series."[131] In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that "unlike a lot of shows about the supernatural", American Horror Story was "more popular in cities, but also throughout parts of the Southwest".[132]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Wednesday 10:00 p.m.
12
October 5, 2011
3.18
December 21, 2011
3.22
2011–12
2.82

2
13
October 17, 2012
3.85
January 23, 2013
2.29
2012–13
2.53

3
13
October 9, 2013
5.54
January 29, 2014
4.24
2013–14
4.00

4
13
October 8, 2014
6.13
January 21, 2015
3.27
2014–15
3.85

5
12
October 7, 2015
5.81
January 13, 2016
2.24
2015–16
2.89

6
10
September 14, 2016
5.14
November 16, 2016
2.45
2016–17
2.93

7
Tuesday 10:00 p.m.
11
September 5, 2017
3.93
November 14, 2017
1.97
2017–18
2.22

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13

Murder House
3.18
2.46
2.59
2.96
2.74
2.83
3.06
2.81
2.85
2.54
2.59
3.22
N/A

Asylum
3.85
3.06
2.47
2.65
2.78
1.89
2.27
2.36
2.22
2.21
2.51
2.30
2.29

Coven
5.54
4.51
3.78
3.71
3.80
4.16
4.00
4.07
3.94
3.49
3.46
3.35
4.24

Freak Show
6.13
4.53
4.44
4.51
4.22
3.65
3.91
3.30
3.07
2.99
3.11
2.94
3.27

Hotel
5.81
4.06
3.20
3.04
2.87
2.64
2.64
2.31
2.14
1.85
1.84
2.24
N/A

Roanoke
5.14
3.27
3.08
2.83
2.82
2.48
2.62
2.20
2.43
2.45
N/A

Cult
3.93
2.38
2.25
2.13
2.20
2.15
2.07
2.06
1.48
1.82
1.97
N/A

text: Accolades[edit]

text: American Horror Story has won 59 of its 230 award nominations. The franchise has garnered 28 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, with Jessica Lange winning for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie, James Cromwell winning for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, and Kathy Bates winning for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. It received an additional 50 Creative Arts Emmy Award nominations, winning eleven times, including Outstanding Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Movie, Outstanding Costumes for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special, Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special, and Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Limited Series, Movie or a Special.[138] It has received nine Golden Globe Award nominations, with Lange winning for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film,[139] and Lady Gaga winning for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film.[140] The series has also received three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, with Lange winning for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series.[141] Additional accolades include eighteen Critics' Choice Television Awards nominations, with four wins,[142] the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Miniseries,[143] four Costume Designers Guild Awards nominations, winning three times,[144] eight wins out of ten nominations at the Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild,[145] five People's Choice Awards nominations, winning once,[146] and eleven Satellite Awards nomination, with three wins.[147]


document_title: Telemachus

question_text: how old is telemachus at the start of the odyssey

text: Telemachus

text: Etymology[edit]

text: Telemachus's name in Greek means "far from battle", or perhaps "fighting from afar", as a bowman does.[2]

text: Odyssey[edit]

text: In Homer's Odyssey, Telemachus, under the instructions of Athena, spends the first four books trying to gain knowledge of his father, Odysseus, who left for Troy when Telemachus was still an infant. At the outset of Telemachus' journey, Odysseus had been absent from his home at Ithaca for twenty years due to the Trojan War and the intervention of Poseidon. During his absence, Odysseus' house has been occupied by hordes of suitors seeking the hand of Penelope.[3] Telemachus first visits Nestor and is well received by the old man who regales him with stories of his father's glory. Telemachus then departs with Nestor's son Peisistratus,[4] who accompanies him to the halls of Menelaus and his wife Helen. Whilst there, Telemachus is again treated as an honored guest as Menelaus and Helen tell complementary yet contradictory stories of his father's exploits at Troy.[5]

text: Telemachus focuses on his father's return to Ithaca in Book XV. He visits Eumaeus, the swineherd, who happens to be hosting a disguised Odysseus. After Odysseus reveals himself to Telemachus due to Athena's advice, the two men plan the downfall of the suitors. Telemachus then returns to the palace to keep an eye on the suitors and to await his father as the beggar.[6]

text: When Penelope challenges the suitors to string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through the handle-holes of twelve axeheads, Telemachus is the first to attempt the task. He would have completed the task, nearly stringing the bow on his fourth attempt; however, Odysseus subtly stops him before he can finish his attempt. Following the suitors' failure at this task, Odysseus reveals himself and he and Telemachus bring swift and bloody death to the suitors.[7]

text: Telegony[edit]

text: The Telegony was a short two-book epic poem recounting the life and death of Odysseus after the events of the Odyssey. In this mythological postscript, Odysseus is accidentally killed by Telegonus, his unknown son by the goddess Circe. After Odysseus' death, Telemachus returns to Aeaea with Telegonus and Penelope, and there marries Circe.

text: From the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology:

text: The son of Odysseus and Penelope (Hom. Od. i. 216). He was still an infant at the time when his father went to Troy, and in his absence of nearly twenty years he grew up to manhood. After the gods in council had determined that Odysseus should return home from the island of Ogygia, Athena, assuming the appearance of Mentes, king of the Taphians, went to Ithaca, and advised Telemachus to eject the troublesome suitors of his mother from his house, and to go to Pylos and Sparta, to gather information concerning his father. Telemachus followed the advice, but the suitors refused to quit his house; and Athena, in the form of Mentes, accompanied Telemachus to Pylos. There they were hospitably received by Nestor, who also sent his own son to conduct Telemachus to Sparta. Menelaus again kindly received him, and communicated to him the prophecy of Proteus concerning Odysseus (Hom. Od. i.–iv.). From Sparta Telemachus returned home; and on his arrival there, he found his father, with the swineherd Eumaeus. But as Athena had metamorphosed him into a beggar, Telemachus did not recognise his father until the latter disclosed to him who he was. Father and son now agreed to punish the suitors; and when they were slain or dispersed, Telemachus accompanied his father to the aged Laertes. (Hom. Od. xv.–xxiv.; comp. Odysseus.) In the post-Homeric traditions, we read that Palamedes, when endeavouring to persuade Odysseus to join the Greeks against Troy, and the latter feigned idiocy, placed the infant Telemachus before the plough with which Odysseus was ploughing (Hygin. Fab. 95; Serv. ad Aen. ii. 81; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 384; Aelian, V. H. xiii. 12.). According to some accounts, Telemachus became the father of Perseptolis either by Polycaste, the daughter of Nestor, or by Nausicaa, the daughter of Alcinous (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1796; Dict. Cret. vi. 6.). Others relate that he was induced by Athena to marry Circe, and became by her the father of Latinus (Hygin. Fab. 127; comp. Telegonus), or that he married Cassiphone, a daughter of Circe, but in a quarrel with his mother-in-law he slew her, for which in his turn he was killed by Cassiphone (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 808.). He is also said to have had a daughter called Roma, who married Aeneas (Serv. ad Aen. i. 273.). One account states that Odysseus, in consequence of a prophecy that his son was dangerous to him, sent him away from Ithaca. Servius (ad Aen. x. 167) makes Telemachus the founder of the town of Clusium in Etruria.

text: Later classical authors[edit]

text: In Contest of Homer and Hesiod, it is alleged that the Roman Emperor Hadrian asked the Delphic Oracle about Homer's birthplace and parentage. The Oracle replied that Homer came from Ithaca and that Telemachus was his father by Epicasta, daughter of Nestor.[8][9]

text: According to Aristotle and Dictys of Crete, Telemachus married Nausicaa, King Alcinous' daughter, and fathered a son named Perseptolis or Ptoliporthus.[citation needed]

text: Other appearances[edit]

text: Telemachus is the subject of François Fénelon's The Adventures of Telemachus, Son of Ulysses (1699), a scathing attack on the monarchy of France.

text: Telemachus was the subject of numerous operas throughout the eighteenth century, most based on Fénelon's version.[10] Among the most famous of these operas were André Cardinal Destouches's Télémaque (1714), Alessandro Scarlatti's Telemaco (1718), Gluck's Telemaco, ossia L'isola di Circe (1765), Giuseppe Gazzaniga's Gli errori di Telemaco (1776), Jean-François Le Sueur's Télémaque dans l'île de Calypso ou Le triomphe de la sagesse (1796), Simon Mayr's Telemaco nell'isola di Calipso (1797), and Fernando Sor's Telemaco nell'isola di Calipso (1797).

text: Telemachus is one of the main characters in Ulysses, a 1706 play by Nicholas Rowe.

text: Telemachus is featured in the 1833 poem (published in 1842) "Ulysses" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

text: In the 1922 novel Ulysses by James Joyce, Stephen Dedalus is generally regarded as corresponding to Telemachus.

text: "Telemachus" is the title of Book Three of Thomas Wolfe's autobiographical novel Of Time and the River (1935).

text: Joseph Brodsky published the poem "Odysseus to Telemachus" in 1972.

text: Telemachus is a frequent character in the poetry of Louise Glück.[11]

text: Telemachus was the name of Carole King's cat and is pictured on the cover of her album Tapestry.[12]

text: Telemachus appears as the son of Ulysses in the 1981 French-Japanese animated television series Ulysses 31.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Odyssey. George Herbert Palmer, 1921, prose.
Jump up ^ Brann, p. 277.
Jump up ^ Homer, Odyssey Books I–II
Jump up ^ Homer Odyssey Book III
Jump up ^ Homer Odyssey Book IV
Jump up ^ Homer, Odyssey Books XV–XVI
Jump up ^ Homer, Odyssey Books XXI–XXII
Jump up ^ "Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica" (Contest of Homer and Hesiod)
Jump up ^ Parke, Herbert William (1967). Greek Oracles. pp. 136–137 citing the Certamen, 12.
Jump up ^ Dale E. Monson. "Telemachus". In L. Root, Deane. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press.  (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Meadowlands (1996), summary
Jump up ^ [1]