document_title: List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)

question_text: when was the last hurricane that hit texas

text: List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)

text:
August 10, 1980 – Hurricane Allen makes landfall near Brownsville as a Category 3 hurricane. A wind gust of 140 mph (230 km/h) is reported in Port Mansfield. Heavy rainfall is reported across South Texas, with a peak of 20.2 in (510 mm) in Kingsville. Nearly all structures on South Padre Island are destroyed.[5] At least 12 tornadoes are also reported as a result of Allen. One damages hangars and aircraft at Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, causing $250 million in damages.[5][6] Two deaths are directly attributed to Allen, both of which are drownings in the Corpus Christi area, with five others indirectly killed.[1] An estimated $600 million in damages are attributed to Allen.[5]
September 5, 1980 – Tropical Storm Danielle makes landfall near Galveston Bay as a weak tropical storm. As it moves inland, it causes severe and widespread flooding across Texas. Areas are inundated by the rain, peaking at 18.29 in (465 mm) in Nederland.[7] One person is killed due to rains associated with Danielle.[8][9]
Mid-November, 1980 – Hurricane Jeanne over the Western Gulf of Mexico causes tides to rise up to 4 ft (1.2 m) above average along the Texas coast. Coastal flooding also occurs, with the worst being near Galveston. Minimal damage is reported.[10][11]
Late-August, 1981 – Tropical Depression Eight moves ashore northeast Mexico on August 29 and into the United States on August 30. As an ill-defined surface low, a large thunderstorm complex forms near its center that day, which unleashes very heavy rainfall in a 50 mi (80 km) wide band covering a 200 mi (320 km) path from Seguin to north of Houston. The highest rainfall amount reported is from Cheapside, where 18 in (460 mm) falls in a 24‑hour period ending on the morning of August 31. Five die in the town of Shiner due to the heavy rains.[12] Heavy rain in downtown Hallettsville causes floods and torrential rain, reaching a peak of 5 ft (1.5 m). Significant flooding also occurs along the Lavaca, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers in Texas. Damages from the floods amount to nearly $21 million.[13]
October 13, 1981 – Hurricane Norma makes landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico, but its remnants produce 21 in (530 mm) of rain near Dallas-Fort Worth, killing five.[14] Multiple tornadoes touch down in six counties in the region, injuring three.[15] Hurricane Norma causes $50 million in damages and kills three people in Texas.[16]
September 11, 1982 – Tropical Storm Chris makes landfall near Sabine Pass.[17] Before landfall the storm causes tides of 5 to 6 ft (1.5–1.8 m) in height.[17] Rainfall from Chris peaks at 0.96 in (24 mm) in Evadale.[18]

text:
August 18, 1983 – Hurricane Alicia makes landfall near Galveston as a Category 3 hurricane. Alicia causes $2.6 billion in damage and 13 fatalities, along with an estimated 5,805 residential structures either heavily damaged or destroyed.[1][19] In advance of Alicia, offshore drilling platforms are evacuated.[20] At one point during the storm, the entire city of Galveston loses power, with 250,000 electricity customers in Houston losing power as well.[21] At the time, Hurricane Alicia is the costliest hurricane to impact Texas, not adjusting for inflation.[1] High rainfall totals are reported across Southeast Texas, with a peak of 9.5 in (240 mm) of rain in Liberty. The peak wind gust in Galveston is 102 mph (164 km/h).[19] An estimated storm surge of up to 12 ft (3.7 m) is estimated in Galveston Bay. Alicia also causes 23 tornadoes, concentrated around the Galveston and Tyler areas.[19][22]
August 28, 1983 – Hurricane Barry, a Category 1, makes landfall just south of Brownsville and forces the evacuation of 4,000 people, but causes minor damage.[23]
Mid-October, 1983 – The remnants of Hurricane Tico from the Eastern Pacific cause rainfall over much of Texas, most of which is in northern Texas, where rainfall peaks at 9.59 in (0.244 m) in Quanah.[18][24] Numerous road closures take place due to the floods caused by the remnants of Tico.[25] In Val Verde County, 100 people are evacuated due to the heavy rain. Tico's remnants kill one person and cause $93 million in damages.[1]
Mid-September, 1984 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Edouard cause severe flooding in South Texas, where some isolated locations receive totals in excess of 20 in (510 mm).[26]

text:
October 11, 1985 – The remnants of Hurricane Waldo produce rainfall over most of West Texas, with multiple rain totals of at least 5 in (130 mm).[27]
Late-October 1985 – Hurricane Juan dumps up to 10 in (250 mm) of rain in extreme southeastern Texas, peaking at 12.84 in (326 mm) in Alto, killing one coastal resident.[28][29] The rains cause widespread floods that lead to road closures, and gusty winds cause some power outages.[30] Coastal flooding is also reported as a result of high tides caused by Juan.[30]
June 26, 1986 – Hurricane Bonnie makes landfall near High Island in Southeast Texas as a Category 1 hurricane, killing four people in Texas[1] and producing heavy rainfall that causes street flooding. Rainfall peaks at 13 in (330 mm), with many areas picking up at least 10 in (250 mm).[31] Bonnie also spawns four tornadoes in Texas.[32]
August 6, 1986 – A tropical depression produces rain over South Texas with a maximum total of 4.5 in (110 mm) near Refugio.[33]
September 23, 1986 – The remnants of Hurricane Newton produce 1 in (25 mm) rainfall totals over the Texas Panhandle with an area of 3 in (76 mm) near the border between New Mexico and Texas, peaking at 3.97 in (101 mm) in Wharton.[34][35]
Early-October, 1986 – The remnants of Hurricane Paine produce widespread rainfall over western and northern Texas, most of which receives at least an inch of rain, with 10.39 in (264 mm) in Wellington.[18][36]
October 22, 1986 – The remnants of Hurricane Roslyn produce rainfall over much of southern and eastern Texas, with the heaviest totals along the middle Texas coast, where rainfall totals exceeds 10 in (250 mm).[37] Roslyn causes low-water crossings and streams to flood.[38]

text:
August 10, 1987 – An unnamed storm makes landfall near High Island, Texas, producing over 1 in (25 mm) of rain to eastern portions of the state, peaking at 4.25 in (108 mm) in Umbarger.[18][39][40]
August 12, 1988 – Tropical Storm Beryl produces heavy rainfall over East Texas. Some areas receive 11.8 in (300 mm) of rain, causing localized flash flooding.[41][42][43]
September 2, 1988 – Tropical Depression Ten produces heavy rain over Southeast Texas, peaking at 8.16 in (207 mm) in Galveston.[18][44][45]
September 17, 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert makes landfall in northern Mexico with winds of 135 mph (217 km/h) and causes tides to rise up to 5 ft (1.5 m) above normal.[1][46] As a result, beach erosion is reported on Padre Island.[46] Rainfall peaks at 7.45 in (189 mm) in Anson.[18] Minor wind damage is reported from Gilbert. Twenty-nine tornadoes are recorded across Texas, with the worst damage in San Antonio. Gilbert causes three deaths in Texas, all resulting from tornadoes in San Antonio.[47][48] Damages from Gilbert total to $50 million.[1]
Late-June 1989 – Tropical Storm Allison makes landfall near Freeport, causing three deaths in the state.[49][50] Tropical Storm Allison produces torrential rainfall across the state, with amounts of more than 10 in (250 mm) over much of the upper Texas coast, peaking at 20.28 in (515 mm) in Orange.[18][51] Storm surge from the storm measures 7 ft (2.1 m) in Trinity Bay.[46] As a result, beach erosion is reported on Padre Island.[52] Allison causes an estimated $400 million in Texas alone.[51]
August 1, 1989 – Hurricane Chantal makes landfall as a minimal hurricane at High Island, Texas, causing two deaths from flash flooding.[1][53]
Early-October 1989 – Hurricane Raymond from the East Pacific causes rainfall in northern Texas, peaking at 2.80 in (71 mm) in Yorktown.[18][54]
October 16, 1989 – Hurricane Jerry affects the Galveston area as a minimal hurricane. The storm kills three people when a car is blown off Texas Route 87 near Sea Rim State Park. Jerry causes $70 million in damage and kills three.[1][55]

text:
October 3, 1990 – Tropical Storm Rachel's remnants affect portions of West Texas.[56] Roads in Big Bend National Park are closed due to high water levels. Rainfall peaks at 1.5 in (38 mm) in Lubbock, causing minor street flooding, which leads to several car accidents.[56]
July 6, 1991 – Tropical Depression Two causes isolated rainfall over Texas, with a maximum total of 3 in (76 mm) reported within the vicinity of Anahuac.[57]
August 24, 1992 – The remnants of Hurricane Lester, which originated from the East Pacific, cause rainfall in North Texas, amounting up to 3 in (76 mm) in locations and peaking at 3.54 in (90 mm) in Chisos Basin.[18][58]
June 20, 1993 – Tropical Storm Arlene makes landfall near Padre Island. Heavy beach erosion occurs as a result of the storm. Arlene causes $55 million in damage and its flooding rains kill one person.[59][60]
September 14, 1993 – Hurricane Lidia moves into Texas before being absorbed by a cold front near Austin.[61] Lida's remnants cause moderate rainfall across the state, peaking at 7.3 in (190 mm) in Denton.[18] The combination of the front and the hurricane's remnants trigger tornadoes, and one causes more than $8 million in damages. Five people are injured in Arlington after a roof is torn off their hotel.[62]
Mid-October 1994 – The remnants of Hurricane Rosa cause severe flooding in Texas.[63] In some locations the flood is considered a 100-year event, peaking at 29.40 in (747 mm) in Cypress.[63] The floods kill 22 people and cause $700 million in damages.[63]

text:
July 31, 1995 – Tropical Storm Dean makes landfall near Freeport. Dean drops nearly 17 in (430 mm) of rain in Monroe City.[64] The rainfall results in moderate localized damage.[65]
August 12, 1995 – Tropical Storm Gabrielle makes landfall just south of the Texas–Mexico border as a strong tropical storm, producing rainfall in southern Texas, peaking at 6.26 in (159 mm) in Weslaco.[66] Slight storm surge associated with Gabrielle floods beaches along the southern Texas coast.[18][67]
September 16, 1995 – Hurricane Ismael's remnants move across the Texas Panhandle. Rainfall peaks at 6.57 in (167 mm) in Ransom Canyon,[18] and flash flooding results in the area.[68][69]
August 23, 1996 – Hurricane Dolly makes landfall near Tampico, Mexico.[70] The storm causes beneficial rainfall in southern Texas, peaking at 5.53 in (140 mm) in Corpus Christi, providing drought relief to the area.[70]
October 4, 1996 – Tropical Storm Josephine forms just offshore of the Texas coast, bringing heavy rain to the state. Rainfall peaks at 10.81 in (275 mm) in Brownsville.[18] The storm, although remaining offshore, causes severe beach erosion across much of the coast.[71] Several houses are lost and up to 65 ft (20 m) of shore-front property on Galveston Island is eroded.[71]
August 23, 1998 – Tropical Storm Charley makes landfall near Port Aransas. Severe inland flooding occurs in Val Verde Country and 13 people are killed. Del Rio records 17 in (430 mm) of rain in 24 hours from the storm, a city record and the most rainfall from a tropical cyclone in Texas since Tropical Storm Claudette in 1979.[72]
September 11, 1998 – Tropical Storm Frances makes landfall north of Corpus Christi on September 11 as a moderately strong tropical storm. Rainfall causes large amounts of flooding in southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana, peaking at 21.76 in (553 mm) in Goose Creek.[18] As a result of the rains, many rivers and bayous overflow.[73] Due to the storm, tides are 5 ft (1.5 m) above average.[74] Frances causes an estimated total of $500 million in property damage.[75]
Mid-October 1998 – Moisture associated with the remnants of Hurricane Madeline results in flooding in Central Texas.[76] The event breaks numerous rain records in the region, including the wettest month for San Antonio since records began in 1885.[73] In addition, 15 rivers exceed the previously known peak flow.[73] The floods kill 31 people.[76] and cause $1.5 billion in damages.[77]
August 23, 1999 – Hurricane Bret makes landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Padre Island, becoming the first major hurricane to hit Texas since Hurricane Alicia in 1983.[78] As it approaches landfall, large swells cause minor beach erosion along the coast. Along with rainfall from Bret, beaches in Matagorda County are closed due to the high water level.[79] Further inland, heavy rainfall occurs across South Texas, reaching 13.18 in (335 mm) in Sarita.[80] At the height of the storm, power outages cut electricity to an estimated 64,000 customers.[81] Due to the small size of Bret and its landfall in a relatively unpopulated region of the Texas coast, damages from Bret total just $15 million, but it causes four deaths, all of which are attributed to a semi-trailer truck jackknifing in Laredo.[82]
September 8, 1999 – Tropical Depression Seven's remnants produce light rainfall, peaking at 3.35 in (85 mm) in Harlingen.[83]

text:
September 9, 2000 – Tropical Depression Nine makes landfall near Sabine Pass, with maximum sustained winds of 30 mph (48 km/h). Minimal damage is reported.[84]
June 5, 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison makes landfall near Freeport. It stalls over eastern Texas for several days, dropping extreme amounts of rain which leads to catastrophic flooding.[85] Allison causes flash flooding in the area, producing widespread street flooding and filling nearby bayous to severe levels.[86] Rainfall peaks at 36.99 in (940 mm) at the Port of Houston.[87] The Texas Medical Center is severely damaged, with losses of up to $2 billion. Patient evacuations and medical services are disrupted due to power outages caused by the storm.[87] Allison causes an estimated $4.8 billion in damages, nearly all of it related to freshwater flooding in the Greater Houston region.[85] Tropical Storm Allison causes 23 deaths in the state,[88] and was the only non-hurricane strength storm to have its name retired until Tropical Storm Erika (did not affect the U.S.) in 2015.[89]
August 9, 2002 – Tropical Storm Bertha makes landfall as a tropical depression near Kingsville, causing isolated rainfall throughout the state.[90][91]
September 7, 2002 – Tropical Storm Fay makes landfall near Port O'Connor, where it causes heavy rainfall and $450,000 in damage.[92] Rainfall peaks at 18.49 in (470 mm) in Fowlerton.[18] Fay causes five tornadoes, one of which injures three people. Much of the impact takes place in Brazoria County, where over 2,300 homes are damaged.[93]
June 30, 2003 – Tropical Storm Bill causes minor beach erosion on the Bolivar Peninsula.[94]
July 15, 2003 – Hurricane Claudette makes landfall at Matagorda Island near Port O'Connor as a strong Category 1 storm, with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (140 km/h). Claudette is responsible for one direct death. Inland towns in Texas sustain significant wind damage. Estimated damages total up to $181 million.[95]
August 16, 2003 – Hurricane Erika makes landfall in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas as a minor Category 1 hurricane, causing minor coastal damage and beach erosion in parts of southern Texas.[96]
August 31, 2003 – Tropical Storm Grace makes landfall near San Luis Pass with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (64 km/h), causing heavy rainfall along the Texas coast and resulting in $113,000 in total damages.[97]
September 22, 2003 – Hurricane Marty from the East Pacific makes landfall in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Rainfall associated with the remnants of Marty affects western Texas.[98]
September 20, 2004 – As the remnants of Hurricane Javier move northeast through northwest Mexico, 1 in (25 mm) of rain is reported in western Texas.[99]
September 24, 2004 – Four days after Hurricane Javier affected the state, Hurricane Ivan, having regenerated into a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico, makes landfall near Cameron, Louisiana, as a tropical depression. Over 7 in (180 mm) of rain is dropped on eastern Texas.[100]
October 10, 2004 – Tropical Storm Matthew moves ashore in southern Louisiana, producing locally heavy rainfall in eastern Texas, peaking at 6.10 in (155 mm) in Matagorda, but little damage.[18][101]

text:
July 20, 2005 – Hurricane Emily makes landfall in Tamaulipas, Mexico, providing rainfall to drought-affected areas of southern Texas.[102] Rainfall peaks at 5.2 in (130 mm) in Mercedes, and is spread from about 1 to 3 in (25–76 mm) elsewhere.[103]
September 23, 2005 – Hurricane Rita makes landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on the border between Louisiana and Texas on September 23.[104] In preparation for its landfall, the largest evacuation in United States history takes place, with over 3 million people evacuating inland.[105] At one point during the storm, 1 million energy customers lose power due to outages.[106] Rita causes a peak of 10.48 in (266 mm) in Center.[18][107] Major flooding is reported in Port Arthur and Beaumont. Offshore oil platforms throughout Rita's path also suffer significant damage, though the refineries of Houston, originally thought to be at risk, escape the brunt of the storm. Many of the indirect deaths linked to Rita are caused by a single bus fire in mass evacuations out of Houston.[104] Rita causes 59 deaths in the state all told.[1]
September 2, 2006 – The remnants of Hurricane John, an East Pacific storm, cause moderate to heavy rainfall. In northern Texas, moisture from the storm combined with a cold front produces rainfall of over 4 in (100 mm), helping alleviate severe drought.[108][109]
September 16, 2006 – Hurricane Lane, another East Pacific storm, makes landfall in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Lane's remnants combine with an upper level trough over southeast portions of the state, dropping over 5 in (130 mm) of rain in some locations.[110]
August 16, 2007 – Tropical Storm Erin makes landfall near Lamar as a minimal tropical storm. Rainfall peaks in Texas at 10.7 in (270 mm) in Sisterdale.[111] Erin causes nine deaths in the state and causes nearly $49 million in damages.[112][113]
September 13, 2007 – Hurricane Humberto rapidly intensifies before making landfall just west of the Louisiana–Texas border with winds of up to 90 mph, dropping up to 14.13 in (359 mm) of rain.[114] The storm kills one person and leaves $50 million in damage.[115]

text:
July 23, 2008 – Hurricane Dolly makes landfall at South Padre Island with winds near 100 mph. A storm surge of 4 ft (1.2 m) is observed across much of the coast of southern Texas.[116] Dolly's remnants cause coastal and inland flooding and over 12 in (300 mm) of rain in some locations, peaking at 15 in (380 mm) in Harlingen.[117] On South Padre Island, moderate structural damage, mostly to roofs, is reported. Tree and utility pole damage is widespread across Cameron County. Widespread power outages are reported across southern Texas as a result of Dolly.[116]
August 5, 2008 – Tropical Storm Edouard makes landfall near Port Arthur with winds near 65 mph. Edouard provides beneficial rain to a drought stricken central Texas.[118]
September 1, 2008 – Hurricane Gustav produces heavy rain to extreme East Texas as it makes landfall in Louisiana as a Category 2 hurricane.[119] The storm causes strong rip currents and minor overwash of the coast.[120]
September 13, 2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall at Galveston as a large Category 2 hurricane. Its large size contributes to a storm surge that is as high as 20 ft (6.1 m),[121] which inundates many of the barrier islands off the Texas coast. Many structures on the Bolivar Peninsula are destroyed.[122] Most notably, in Gilchrist all but one house is destroyed by the storm surge.[123] The storm also causes heavy rains where it makes landfall, peaking at 18.9 in (480 mm).[124] At one point, the storm knocks out power to as many as an estimated 2.6 million people.[1] Ike is one of the most destructive hurricanes ever to hit Texas and one of the deadliest, causing $19.3 billion in damages and killing 84 people.[1]
October 13, 2008 – Hurricane Norbert causes moderate rainfall over West Texas after moving inland from the eastern Pacific.[125]
November 10, 2009 – Hurricane Ida causes minimal effects on Texas, producing high tides that lead to road closures.[126]

text:
June 30, 2010 – Hurricane Alex made landfall at Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas in Mexico as a large Category 2 hurricane, bringing heavy rains, wind, and tornadoes to South Texas.[127] The hurricane's remnants also bring heavy rains to portions of the Rio Grande, causing it to exceed record levels.[128]
July 8, 2010 – Tropical Depression Two makes landfall on South Padre Island, dropping 1 to 3 in (25 to 76 mm) of rain in south Texas, peaking at 8.95 in (227 mm) in Chincorro.[129] However, there are no reports of damage.[130]
September 7, 2010 – Tropical Storm Hermine makes landfall in northeastern Mexico as a strong tropical storm with 65 mph (105 km/h) winds.[131] As the storm approaches the coast, a storm surge of 3.4 ft (1.0 m) is reported at Port Aransas. In the Rio Grande Valley, an estimated 35,000 homes lose power due to Hermine,[132] while in Bexar County, 100,000 energy customers lose power.[133] Farm crops in the Texas Coastal Bend are damaged by the strong winds and rain.[134] In addition, numerous roads are closed due to overwash. Hermine kills five and causes $240 million in damages in the state.[131]
June 30, 2011 – Tropical Storm Arlene makes landfall south of Texas near Cabo Rojo.[135] The outer bands of Arlene cause 1 to 4 in (25–102 mm) of rain in southern Texas.[136]
July 30, 2011 – Tropical Storm Don made landfall near Baffin Bay, Texas before quickly dissipating. The storm produces minimal rainfall in extreme southern Texas, peaking at 2.56 in (65 mm) in Bay City.[137] Cotton farms benefit from the minimal rainfall.[138]
Early-September 2011 – The outer bands of Tropical Storm Lee caused rain in eastern Texas, peaking at 3.97 in (101 mm) in Nederland.[18] Despite the rainfall, strong winds further inland caused by the storm helped ignite numerous wildfires in the state.[139] One of the fires, the Bastrop County Complex fire, destroys 1,700 homes and businesses, becoming the most destructive wildfire in Texas history, according to the Texas Forest Service.[140]
August 31, 2012 – Outer rainbands associated with Hurricane Isaac cause slight rainfalls in East Texas, peaking to at least 3 in (7.6 cm) near Galveston Bay.[141] Strong winds associated with Hurricane Isaac's thunderstorms knock down trees in Trinity County, where wind gusts peak at an estimated 65 mph (105 km/h).[142]
September 29, 2012 – Remnant moisture associated with Hurricane Miriam and Tropical Storm Norman brought rainfall over areas of Texas, slightly alleviating drought conditions. Rainfall in the state measures 1–4 in (25–102 mm). The strong rains cause flash floods. Combined with a surface trough, the moisture generates severe thunderstorms which later coalesce into a squall line, causing strong winds which cause numerous reports of window damage. A weather station near Paducah records a peak wind gust of 96 mph (154 km/h).[143]
Mid-September 2013 – As Hurricane Ingrid passes to the south, its outer rainbands drop isolated areas of heavy rainfall across South Texas. Rainfall totals from the bands are estimated to have peaked at approximately 3 in (76 mm) near the Texas border with Mexico.[144]
September 3, 2014 – Despite making landfall near Tampico, Mexico, the outer rainbands of Tropical Storm Dolly traverse South Texas, producing rainfall totals peaking at 2.91 in (74 mm) in Hidalgo County. After dissipating, moisture from the remnant system causes additional showers in the area. Urban flooding as a result of poor water drainage occurs in Brownsville, Edinburg, and McAllen. However, the heavy rainfall helps to alleviate some drought conditions in South Texas.[145]
September 20, 2014 – Flooding from the remnants of Hurricane Odile killed one sheriff's deputy in Austin.[146]
Mid-June 2015 – Tropical Storm Bill made landfall on June 16 on Matagorda Island with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), causing gusts peaking at 53 mph (85 km/h) at Palacios and Port O'Connor in addition to producing a 3 ft (0.9 m) storm surge at Port Lavaca.[147] However, most of Bill's impacts in Texas were associated with heavy rainfall. Several isolated areas received in excess of 10 in (25 cm) of rainfall, including a large swath of Victoria County.[148] In Wharton, rainfall peaked at 13.05 in (331 mm).[149]
October 20–24, 2015 – Hurricane Patricia's remnants brought loads of rain to Texas. The maximum rainfall was 20.87 in (530 mm) in Corsicana.[150] This caused the flooding and closure of Interstate 45 in that area.[151]
September 8, 2016 – The remnants of Hurricane Newton brought heavy rains to parts of western Texas.
June 22, 2017 – Tropical Storm Cindy made landfall near Port Arthur with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), a fatality took place in Bolivar Peninsula[152]

text: August 25–28, 2017 – Hurricane Harvey hit the coast near Rockport as a Category 4 hurricane, producing extreme and unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the Houston Metropolitan area. It is the costliest hurricane worldwide with $198.6 billion in damages.[153]

text: Monthly statistics[edit]

text:
Number of recorded storms affecting Texas

Month
Number of storms

June

8

July

7

August

19

September

24

October

13

November

2

text: Deadly storms[edit]

text: The following is a list of tropical storms with known deaths in the state.

text:
Tropical Storms causing known deaths in Texas

Name
Year
Number of deaths
Notes

Harvey
2017
89
[1]

Ike
2008
84
[154]

Rita
2005
59
[1]

Allison
2001
23
[88]

Alicia
1983
13
[1]

Charley
1998
13
[72]

Erin
2007
9
[112]

Allen
1980
7
[1]

Eight
1981
5
[12]

Norma
1981
5
[14]

Hermine
2010
5
[131]

Bonnie
1986
4
[1]

Bret
1999
4
[82]

Allison
1989
3
[51]

Jerry
1989
3
[1]

Chantal
1989
2
[1]

Danielle
1980
1
[8]

Arlene
1993
1
[60]

Claudette
2003
1
[95]

Humberto
2007
1
[115]

Odile
2014
1
[citation needed]

Cindy
2017
1
[152]


document_title: Capital punishment by the United States military

question_text: when was the last time the us military executed someone

root

text: Reinstatement of the military death penalty[edit]

text: The U.S. Armed Forces Court of Appeals ruled in 1983 that the military death penalty was unconstitutional, and after new standards intended to rectify the Armed Forces Court of Appeals' objections, the military death penalty was reinstated by an executive order of President Ronald Reagan the following year.[1]

tag: p

text: On 28 July 2008, President George W. Bush approved the execution of Former United States Army Private Ronald A. Gray, who had been convicted in April 1988 of multiple murders and rapes. A month later, Secretary of the Army Pete Geren set an execution date of 10 December 2008 and ordered that Gray be put to death by lethal injection at the Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute. The military publicly released Gray's execution date on 20 November 2008. On 26 November, however, Gray was granted a stay of execution by federal judge Rogers.[2] In December 2016, a Kansas federal judge lifted Gray's stay, moving Gray one step closer to becoming the U.S. military's first death sentence carried out since 1961.[3]

text: The U.S. Military currently has four inmates on death row, the most recent being Nidal Hasan, who murdered 13 people and injured 32 others during the 2009 Fort Hood mass shooting.[citation needed]

text: Capital crimes[edit]

text: Currently, under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, 14 offenses are punishable by death. Under the following sections of the UCMJ, the death penalty can be imposed at any time:

text:
94 – Mutiny or sedition
99 – Misbehavior before the enemy
100 – Subordinate compelling surrender
101 – Improper use of countersign
102 – Forcing a safeguard
104 – Aiding the enemy
106a – Espionage
110 – Improper hazarding of vessel
118 – Murder
120 – Rape [4]

tag: ul

text: Another four provisions of the UCMJ carry a death sentence only if the crime is committed during times of war:

text:
85 – Desertion
90 – Assaulting or willfully disobeying a superior commissioned officer
106 – Lurking as a spy or acting as a spy
113 – Misbehavior of a sentinel or lookout

text: Legal process[edit]

text: Capital cases are tried in courts-martial before a panel of at least 12 military members. If the defendant is an enlisted service member, he or she may opt for at least one-third of the panel to also be of enlisted rank. All members of the panel must outrank the accused. The defendant cannot plead guilty to the charges. A two-thirds majority is enough for conviction, but unanimity is required to issue a death sentence during the penalty phase of the proceeding.

text: All death sentences are automatically appealed, first to the Court of Criminal Appeals for the military service concerned, then to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. The sentence must be personally confirmed by the President of the United States.

text: Military executions would be conducted under regulations issued on 17 January 2006,[5] and would ordinarily take place at the Special Housing Unit of the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, although alternative locations are possible (such as the Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute, Indiana, where federal civilian death-row inmates are housed and executed). Of four convicted servicemen awaiting execution, three are confined at the Special Housing Unit and one at Camp Lejeune, all of whom have been convicted of murder.

text: Until 1961--the last military execution to date--hanging was the sole and official method. Later the military introduced the electric chair, which was never used.[6] Currently, lethal injection is the only method.[1]

text: Previous use[edit]

text: First World War[edit]

text: The United States Army executed 36 soldiers during the First World War by hanging between 5 November 1917 and 20 June 1919. Eleven of these hangings were performed in France while the remaining 25 were carried out in the continental United States.[7][8][9]

text: 1942 - 1961[edit]

text: The military executed 160 soldiers and other members of the armed forces between 1942-61 (these figures do not include German prisoners of war, war criminals, spies and saboteurs executed by U.S. military authorities between 1942-51).

text: There have been no military executions since 1961, although the death penalty is still a possible punishment for several crimes under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Of these executions, 157 were carried out by the United States Army, with the United States Air Force conducting the three remaining executions, one in 1950 and two in 1954; the U.S. Navy has not executed anyone since 1849.

text: Of the total, 21 were executed for rape and murder, 85 for murder, and 53 for rape, with Army Pvt. Eddie Slovik being executed in 1945 by firing squad for desertion.[10]


document_title: Dorothy Gale

question_text: where did dorothy from the wizard of oz live

text: Dorothy Gale

text: Appearances[edit]

text: In literature[edit]

text: In the Oz books, Dorothy is an orphan raised by her aunt and uncle in the bleak landscape of a Kansas farm. Whether Aunt Em or Uncle Henry is Dorothy's blood relative remains unclear. Uncle Henry makes reference to Dorothy's mother in The Emerald City of Oz, possibly an indication that Henry is Dorothy's blood relative. (It is also possible that "Aunt" and "Uncle" are affectionate terms of a foster family and that Dorothy is not related to either of them, although Zeb in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz claims to be Dorothy's second cousin, related through Aunt Em. Little mention is made of what happened to Dorothy's birth parents, other than a passing reference to her mother being dead.) Along with her small black dog, Toto, Dorothy is swept away by a tornado to the Land of Oz and, much like Alice of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, they enter an alternative world filled with talking creatures. In many of the Oz books, Dorothy is the main heroine of the story. She is often seen with her best friend and the ruler of Oz, Princess Ozma. Her trademark blue and white gingham dress is admired by the Munchkins because blue is their favorite color and white is worn only by good witches and sorceresses, which indicates to them that Dorothy is a good witch.

text: Dorothy has a forthright and take-charge character, exhibiting no fear when she slaps the Cowardly Lion, and organizing the Winkies' rescue mission of her friends who have been dismembered by the Winged monkeys. She is not afraid of angering the Wicked Witch of the West, as shown when the Witch stole one of Dorothy's slippers, and in retaliation, Dorothy hurled a bucket of water over her, not knowing water was fatal to the witch. She brazenly rebuffs Princess Langwidere's threat to take her head for her collection — "Well, I b'lieve you won't." (Following Anna Laughlin's portrayal of the character in the popular 1903 Broadway version of The Wizard of Oz, Baum scripts Dorothy to speak in childlike contractions with Ozma of Oz, which she continues to do throughout the series). This aspect of her character was somewhat lessened by her companionship of Ozma, in whom Baum placed the greater level of wisdom and dignity. Yet even this is complicated by her associations with her cousin, Zeb of Hugson's Ranch, a rugged, manly boy who does not take well to Oz and cannot think of anything much more interesting than defeating the Munchkins' wrestling champion, which he proves unable to do.

text: Dorothy has several other pets, including her white/pink/purple kitten, Eureka. Popular in crossword puzzles is Dorothy's cow, Imogene, from the 1902 stage version, and is implied, though unnamed, in the 1910 film. Eric Shanower's novel, The Giant Garden of Oz, features a cow named Imogene.

text: In the sixth Oz book by Baum, The Emerald City of Oz (1910), when Uncle Henry and Aunt Em are unable to pay the mortgage on the new farmhouse built at the end of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy brings them to live in Oz; the plot features a tour of Oz as a marvelous, Utopian land in which they have escaped the troubles of Kansas. She becomes princess of Oz and Ozma's "companion," essentially marrying the queen.[2]

text: Dorothy is a standard character, having at least a cameo role in thirteen of the fourteen Oz books written by L. Frank Baum (while she did not appear at all in The Marvelous Land of Oz, she is mentioned several times in that story, as it was her actions in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz that led to the events in the former) and is at least a frequent figure in the nineteen that followed by author Ruth Plumly Thompson, getting at least a cameo in all her books except Captain Salt in Oz (in which neither Oz nor any of its inhabitants appear, though they are mentioned). Major subsequent appearances by Dorothy in the "Famous Forty" are in The Lost Princess of Oz, Glinda of Oz, The Royal Book of Oz, Grampa in Oz, The Lost King of Oz, The Wishing Horse of Oz, Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz, and The Magical Mimics in Oz. Most of the other books focus on different child protagonists, some Ozite, some from other Nonestican realms, and some from the United States, and as such, her appearances in the main series become more and more limited. In Jack Snow's The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946), Ozma places Dorothy on the throne of Oz while she is away visiting Queen Lurline's fairy band.

text: The magic of Oz keeps Dorothy young. In The Lost King of Oz (1925), a Wish Way carries Dorothy to a film set in Hollywood, California. She begins to age very rapidly to her late 20s, making up for at least some of the years that have already passed. The Wish Way carries her back to Oz and restores her to her younger self, but she learns then that it would be unwise for her ever to return to the outside world. Baum never states Dorothy's age, but he does state in The Lost Princess of Oz that she is a year younger than Betsy Bobbin and a year older than Trot, whose age was specified as 10 in Ruth Plumly Thompson's The Giant Horse of Oz.

text: Thompson's Oz books show a certain intolerance in Dorothy. In The Cowardly Lion of Oz, circus clown Notta Bit More arrives in the Emerald City "disguised" as a traditional witch, and Dorothy immediately starts dumping buckets water on him without provocation (although she reacted this way on the assumption that the "witch" Notta was an evil witch like her old enemy, the Wicked Witch of the West). In The Wishing Horse of Oz, she makes unsavory comments about the dark coloration Gloma and her subjects take on as a disguise, making them somewhat resemble black people. This behavior is not characteristic of Dorothy in Baum's Oz books. In The Patchwork Girl of Oz, she pushes and slaps through crowds of black Tottenhots to rescue the Scarecrow, whom they are tossing around, but this is more an example of her gumption than any sort of prejudice, as she is otherwise kind and polite to the Tottenhots, and accepts that their ways are different from those who dwell in the Emerald City.

text: The authorized sequels of Sherwood Smith, The Emerald Wand of Oz and Trouble Under Oz, center on the child characters Dori and Em, who live with their Aunt Susan. All three are indirect descendants of Dorothy, though their specific relationship to her is unclear.

text: Philip José Farmer's 1982 science-fiction novel A Barnstormer in Oz tells the story of aviator Henry "Hank" Stover — who is not surprised one beautiful spring day in 1923 when he flies his Curtiss Jenny biplane through a strange green cloud and finds himself in Oz. Hank knows that he is in Oz because his mother, Dorothy Gale-Stover, had been there back in 1890 and later told him of her experiences. Farmer's premise is that Dorothy only visited Oz once and told her story to a journalist called Frank Baum. This journalist would later create a series of books from Dorothy's only adventure in Oz. Farmer's Oz is on the brink of both a civil war and an invasion by the United States Army.

text: Dorothy's last name is never mentioned in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz or The Marvelous Land of Oz, the first two Oz books. It is disclosed in the third book Ozma of Oz (1907). The last name of Gale was originally mentioned in Baum's script for the 1902 Broadway stage version of The Wizard of Oz, in which it was originally a setup for a punning joke. (DOROTHY: "I am Dorothy, and I am one of the Kansas Gales." SCARECROW: "That accounts for your breezy manner.")

text: Conception[edit]

text: An influence on the creation of Dorothy appears to be the Alice books of Lewis Carroll. Although Baum reportedly found these plots incoherent, he identified their source of popularity as Alice herself, a character with whom child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist for his own books.[3]

text: Dorothy's character was probably named after Baum's own niece, Dorothy Louise Gage, who died in infancy. Baum's wife was very attached to her and was deeply grieved by her death, so there is speculation that Baum inserted her name into his stories as a memorial. Elements of Dorothy Gale's character are possibly derived from Matilda Joslyn Gage, Dorothy Gage's grandmother. Dorothy Gage is buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Bloomington, Illinois.[4]

text: Lee Sandlin writes that L. Frank Baum read a disaster report of a tornado in Irving, Kansas, in May 1879 which included the name of a victim, Dorothy Gale, who was "found buried face down in a mud puddle."[5]

text: In film[edit]

text: In Baum's 1902 stage musical adaptation, Dorothy was played by Anna Laughlin. In 1908 L. Frank Baum adapted his early Oz novels as The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays, with Romola Remus as Dorothy. This was followed by The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a motion picture short that Otis Turner, one of the directors of Fairylogue, made without Baum as part of a contract fulfillment. In this 1910 film, Dorothy was played by Bebe Daniels. It was followed by two sequels (the same year), Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz and The Land of Oz, both of which included Dorothy, but whether Daniels participated is unknown. Baum subsequently loosely adapted The Wonderful Wizard of Oz into a 1914 motion picture directed by J. Farrell MacDonald titled His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz with Violet MacMillan as Dorothy.

text: Dorothy does not appear in The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914), although some film books claim that Mildred Harris, who had yet to sign her contract with The Oz Film Manufacturing Company, played the role. The character, is, in fact, eliminated from the film version, although she has a fairly large role in the novel.

text: Dorothy Dwan portrayed Dorothy in the 1925 film Wizard of Oz. In this film, Aunt Em (Mary Carr) informs her on her eighteenth birthday that she was left on their doorstep and is really a princess of Oz destined to marry Prince Kynd (Bryant Washburn), who has currently lost the throne to Prime Minister Kruel (Josef Swickard), in a storyline similar to that of His Majesty the Scarecrow of Oz, only with Dorothy as the love interest. In the end, the story proves to be the dream of a little girl who has fallen asleep listening to the story of Kynd and Kruel, said to be the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The film also introduced the idea of the farmhands also being the Scarecrow, Tin Woodsman and Cowardly Lion, albeit as costumes they don in order to conceal themselves in Oz.

text: In the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy was played by Judy Garland, who received an Academy Juvenile Award for her performance. She was sixteen years old when the film was released, with a brace on her chest to make her look more youthful. Since fantasy films generally were unsuccessful at that time, MGM portrayed Oz as a head-trauma-induced delirium, instead of a real place. It is implied that Oz is merely Dorothy's dream since she awakens in bed at the end, though Dorothy is convinced that her journey was all in fact real.

text: A window knocked out Dorothy when the tornado was approaching the farm. After that storm lifted the farmhouse, she and Toto saw a chicken coop, an old lady knitting calmly in a rocking chair with a cat on her lap, a cow, and two men rowing a boat who doff their hats to her as well as miscellaneous debris flying by them. Finally, Dorothy saw Miss Almira Gulch, who was going to abduct Toto to the sheriff, fly on her bicycle outside the window, becoming a witch on a broom. As one of the first movies to be filmed in Technicolor, the director had the color of the famous magic slippers changed from silver to red because the Ruby slippers were more visually appealing on film.

text: She is reunited with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, their three farm workers (Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion's alter egos), and Professor Marvel (The Wizard's alter ego) when she awakens from being unconscious at the end of this film, back at home and safe.

text: Dorothy's characterization in the 1939 film is more of a damsel in distress, somewhat unlike the adventurous, forthright and bold Dorothy of the books.

text: In the video for Blues Traveler's 1994 hit song "Run-Around", Dorothy tries to get into a club where the band is performing. She is portrayed by actress Diana Marquis.[6]

text: In Disney's 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful, Dorothy's maternal origins are hinted at when Annie (Michelle Williams) informs her friend Oscar Diggs that her fiancé's surname is Gale.[7]

text: In television[edit]

text: The 2007 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries Tin Man reworked her into DG, a descendant of Dorothy's, and is played by Zooey Deschanel. In this iteration, the trademark dress is actually a diner waitress uniform; the rest of the time she wears a leather jacket and jeans and rides a motorcycle. When she is taken into Oz, she learns that she is actually the princess of the kingdom of Oz, sent to another world and raised by androids to protect her after her sister was possessed by the spirit of an ancient witch that she unleashed by accident.

text: In the 2012 TV miniseries Dorothy and the Witches of Oz, Dorothy (played by Paulie Rojas) is shown as an adult writer and starts regaining suppressed memories of her actual adventures in the Land of Oz when the Wicked Witch of the West plans to conquer the Land of Oz and all of Earth.

text: In Emerald City, Dorothy is an adult when she is taken to Oz, working as a nurse. She is still living with Em and Henry, but here they are identified as her adopted parents, her biological mother having left her with them as a baby and only recently getting back in touch with Dorothy. Months after receiving the letter, Dorothy makes her first official visit to her biological mother when the tornado occurs that takes her to Oz. Faced with an Oz that is increasingly opposed to magic on the Wizard's orders and accused of the death of the Witch of the East- which was initially an accident and later self-defence when the Witch survived her injuries- Dorothy learns more about her true ties to this world as she searches for answers, accompanied by a police German Shepherd she names 'Toto' and the amnesic Lucas. The TV series concludes with her returning to Earth after the wizard's forces are decimated by the Beast Forever, but she is subsequently contacted by Lucas and Toto- both of whom she left behind in Oz- appearing to her in Kansas to ask for help.

text: Dorothy appears in the third and fifth seasons of the TV series Once Upon a Time. In this show, Dorothy is from a fictional version Kansas and not from Earth (dubbed the Land Without Magic in the show). She is portrayed as an adult by Teri Reeves and as a child by Matreya Scarrwener. Dorothy, caught in her Kansas farmhouse during a raging cyclone, is swept away to Oz. Taken in by the protectors of Oz, the sisterhood of witches, she comes to view them as family. One night, she is confronted by Zelena the Witch of the West (Rebecca Mader), while getting water from a well. Zelena intends to get rid of Dorothy as she believes the girl is destined to usurp her seat in the sisterhood. In defense, Dorothy throws a bucket of water at Zelena; causing the witch to melt. Glinda the Witch of the South (Sunny Mabrey), then appears to offer her to take Zelena's place as the Witch of the West, but Dorothy declines; wishing only to return home. With Glinda's help, she is taken to see the Wizard and given a pair of silver slippers to travel to any world. Dorothy thanks the Wizard of Oz (Christopher Gorham) and proceeds to click the slippers' heels three times to send herself home. Only after the girl's departure, Glinda discovers too late that Zelena masqueraded as the Wizard in order to usher Dorothy out of Oz.

text: Upon returning to Kansas, Dorothy tells her family about her experiences in Oz. However, her family doesn't believe her, and attempts to get her admitted into an asylum. Her aunt, Emily Brown (Gina Stockdale) is the only person who believes her, and refuses to let her be admitted. However, Aunt Em dies, gifting Dorothy a puppy named Toto before she does. Years pass, and Dorothy returns to Oz. Learning from the munchkins that Zelena is still alive and no longer fearing the witch, Dorothy storms the palace in time to stop Zelena from stealing the Scarecrow's (Paul Scheer) brain for a time spell. Dorothy taunts Zelena about having one thing she'll never obtain, the love of the people, as Zelena prepares a fireball to destroy her. Toto, hopping out of the bag, trots up to the palace curtains, while Dorothy ducks to avoid Zelena's fireball, which hits an approaching guard. Toto then tugs a string, causing the curtains to fall on Zelena, who fumbles to get free. While she is occupied, Dorothy escapes the palace with the Scarecrow and her dog. Later, she and her companions hide out in a cottage, but Zelena eventually finds them, after putting a tracking spell on Dorothy's old bicycle. Dorothy does her best to protect the Scarecrow, but Zelena ends up ripping out his brain. Fearlessly standing up to the witch, Dorothy dares Zelena to do her worst, while boasting that she'll never be afraid of her again. Zelena expresses brief interest in her brave attitude, wondering what made her change. In the end, Zelena leaves Dorothy unharmed to let the people of Oz see that, for once, their great hero has failed them.

text: When Zelena gets banished to Oz once again in a later episode, she steals Dorothy's dog Toto. When Dorothy tries to rescue Toto, Zelena puts her under a sleeping curse and she can only be awoken by true love's kiss. At the end of the episode Ruby/Red Ridding Hood wakes Dorothy up by giving Dorothy true loves kiss, making them the show's first LGBT couple.

text: In video games[edit]

text: Dorothy is one of the non-playable characters that appears in the 2015 crossover video game LEGO Dimensions.[8] While on her way to the Emerald City with Toto and her three companions, they encounter Batman who thinks that the Scarecrow is the same one from his world. The interrogation is short lived, as Dorothy and her gang are sucked into a vortex where they are captured by the game's central antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his "perfect world". Whatever becomes of Dorothy after Vortech's demise is up for questioning.

text: Portrayals[edit]

text:
The Wizard of Oz (1902 stage musical): Anna Laughlin
The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908): Romola Remus
The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz (1910): Bebe Daniels
His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz (1914): Violet MacMillan
The Wizard of Oz (1925): Dorothy Dwan
The Wizard Of Oz (1939): Judy Garland
Rainbow Road to Oz (1957): Darlene Gillespie
Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961): Corinne Conley
Return to Oz (1964): Susan Conway (speaking voice), Susan Morse (singing voice)
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde (1971): Zeynep Değirmencioğlu (Ayşecik)
Journey Back to Oz (1971): Liza Minnelli (voice)
Oz (1976): Joy Dunstan
The Wiz (1975): Stephanie Mills
The Wiz (1978): Diana Ross
The Wizard of Oz (1982): Aileen Quinn (voice)
Return to Oz (1985): Fairuza Balk
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: Sumi Shimamoto (1986 Japanese track), Morgan Hallet (1987 Canadian English track)
Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz (1987): Janice Hiromi Kawaye
The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz (1990): Mariko Kouda
The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990): Courtney Barilla (as Dorothy Gage and Dorothy Gale)
The Wizard of Oz (1991): Liz Georges (voice)
The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True (1995): Jewel
The Oz Kids animated series (1996-1997): Erika Schickel
The Wizard of Oz (2001 stage show): Nikki Webster
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005): Ashanti
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's (2007): Lisa Vischer as Junior Asparagus as Darby (replacing Dorothy)
Tin Man (TV miniseries) (2007): Zooey Deschanel as DG; Rachel Pattee & Alexis Llewellyn as Young DG; Grace Wheeler as the Grey Gale
The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical): Danielle Hope and later Sophie Evans 2012 Toronto production Danielle Wade
The Witches of Oz (2011): Paulie Redding
Dorothy and the Witches of Oz: Paulie Rojas
Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz: Grey DeLisle
After the Wizard: Jordan Van Vranken as "Elizabeth Haskins"
Supernatural (US TV series): Tiio Horn as "Dorothy" (Episode: Slumber Party)
Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return: Lea Michele (voice)
The Wiz Live!: Shanice Williams
Dorothy Must Die (2014 book): Danielle Paige
Lego Dimensions: Laura Bailey
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz: Grey DeLisle
Emerald City: Adria Arjona
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz: Kari Wahlgren
Lost in Oz: Ashley Boettcher


document_title: The Incredibles

question_text: who does syndrome's voice in the incredibles

question_tokens: who does syndrome 's voice in the incredibles

text: The Incredibles

text: Plot[edit]

text: Public opinion turns against superheroes—also called "Supers"—due to the collateral damage caused by their crime-fighting. After several lawsuits, the government initiates the Superhero Relocation Program, which forces Supers to permanently adhere to their secret identities. Fifteen years later, Bob and Helen Parr—formerly known as Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl—and their children Violet, Dash, and baby Jack-Jack are a suburban family living in Metroville. Although he loves his family, Bob resents the mundanity of his suburban lifestyle and white-collar job. Together with his friend Lucius Best, formerly known as Frozone, Bob occasionally relives "the glory days" by moonlighting as a vigilante.

text: After his supervisor prevents him from stopping a mugging, Bob loses his temper and injures him, resulting in his dismissal. Returning home, Bob receives a message from a woman called Mirage, who gives him a mission to destroy a savage tripod-like robot, the Omnidroid, on the remote island of Nomanisan. Bob battles and disables it by tricking it into ripping off its own power source.

text: Bob finds the action and higher pay rejuvenating. He improves his relationship with his family and begins rigorous physical training while awaiting more work from Mirage for the next two months. Finding a tear in his suit, he visits superhero costume designer Edna Mode to have it mended. Assuming that Helen knows what Bob is doing, Edna also makes new suits for the entire family. Setting out for Nomanisan once again, Bob discovers Mirage is working for Buddy Pine, a disaffected former fan whom Mr. Incredible had rejected as his sidekick. Having adopted the alias of Syndrome, he has been perfecting the Omnidroid by hiring different superheroes to fight it, killing many of them in the process. Syndrome intends to send the latest Omnidroid to Metroville, where he will secretly manipulate its controls to defeat it in public, becoming a "hero" himself. Later, he will sell his inventions so that everyone can become "super", rendering the term meaningless.

text: Helen visits Edna and learns what Bob has been up to. She activates a beacon Edna built into the suits to find Bob, inadvertently causing him to be captured while infiltrating Syndrome's base. Helen borrows a private plane to head for Nomanisan. She finds out that Violet and Dash have stowed away, leaving Jack-Jack with a babysitter. Helen's radio transmissions are picked up by Syndrome, who sends missiles to shoot her down. The plane is destroyed, but Helen and the kids survive and use their powers to reach the island. Helen infiltrates the base and discovers Syndrome's plan. Discontented with Syndrome's indifference when her life was threatened, Mirage releases Bob and informs him of his family's survival. Helen arrives and races off with Bob to find their children. Dash and Violet are chased by Syndrome's guards, but fend them off with their powers before reuniting with their parents. Syndrome captures them all, leaving them imprisoned while he follows the rocket transporting the Omnidroid to Metroville.

text: The Parrs escape to Metroville in another rocket with Mirage's help. As per its programming, the Omnidroid recognizes Syndrome as a threat and shoots off the remote control on his wrist, making him incapable of controlling it and knocking him unconscious. The Parrs and Frozone fight the Omnidroid. Bob acquires the remote control, allowing Helen to use one of the robot's claws to destroy its power source. Returning home, the Parrs find Syndrome, who plans to kidnap and raise Jack-Jack as his own sidekick to exact revenge on the family. As Syndrome is flying upward to reach his jet, Jack-Jack's own superpowers start to manifest and he escapes Syndrome midair. As Helen catches Jack-Jack, Syndrome boards his plane, but Bob throws his car at the villain, causing him to get sucked into the jet's turbine by his own cape, killing him and causing the plane to explode.

text: Three months later, the Parrs witness the arrival of a supervillain called the Underminer. They put on their superhero masks, ready to face the new threat together as a family.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Craig T. Nelson as Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible, Helen's husband, possessing super-strength.
Holly Hunter as Helen Parr / Elastigirl, Bob's wife, who has the ability to stretch her body like rubber.
Sarah Vowell as Violet Parr, the Parrs' eldest child, who can become invisible and generate an impact-resistant force shield.
Spencer Fox as Dashiell "Dash" Parr, the Parrs' second child, possessing super-speed.
Eli Fucile and Maeve Andrews as Jack-Jack Parr, the Parrs' infant son.
Jason Lee as Buddy Pine / Incrediboy / Syndrome, Mr. Incredible's fan-turned-supervillain who has no superpowers but uses his scientific prowess to create enhanced abilities.
Samuel L. Jackson as Lucius Best / Frozone, Bob's best friend, who can form ice from humidity.
Elizabeth Peña as Mirage, Syndrome's seductive right-hand woman.
Brad Bird as Edna Mode, the fashion designer for the Supers.
Teddy Newton as Newsreel Narrator, heard narrating the changing public opinion of the Supers.
Jean Sincere as Mrs. Hoganson, an old lady to whom Bob Parr pretends to deny an insurance claim.
Bud Luckey as Rick Dicker, a government agent responsible for keeping the Parrs undercover.
Wallace Shawn as Gilbert Huph, Bob's demeaning boss.
Lou Romano as Bernie Kropp, Dash's teacher.
Michael Bird as Tony Rydinger, Violet's love interest.
Dominique Lewis as Bomb Voyage, a French supervillain who uses explosives.
Bret Parker as Kari, Jack-Jack's babysitter.
Kimberly Adair Clark as Honey, Frozone's wife.
John Ratzenberger as The Underminer, a mole-like supervillain.

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing[edit]

text: The Incredibles as a concept dates back to 1993 when Bird sketched the family during an uncertain point in his film career.[5][6] Personal issues had percolated into the story as they weighed on him in life.[7] During this time, Bird had signed a production deal with Warner Bros. Feature Animation and was in the process of directing his first feature, The Iron Giant.[8] Approaching middle age and having high aspirations for his filmmaking, Bird pondered whether his career goals were attainable only at the price of his family life.[7] He stated, "Consciously, this was just a funny movie about superheroes. But I think that what was going on in my life definitely filtered into the movie."[9] After the box office failure of The Iron Giant, Bird gravitated toward his superhero story.[7][8]

text: He imagined it as a homage to the 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and he initially tried to develop it as a 2D cel animation.[7] When The Iron Giant became a box office bomb, he reconnected with old friend John Lasseter at Pixar in March 2000 and pitched his story idea to him.[6] Bird and Lasseter knew each other from their college years at CalArts in the 1970s.[10] Lasseter was sold on the idea and convinced Bird to come to Pixar, where the film would be done in computer animation. The studio announced a multi-film contract with Bird on May 4, 2000.[7] The Incredibles was written and directed solely by Brad Bird, a departure from previous Pixar productions which typically had two or three directors and as many screenwriters with a history of working for the company.[11] In addition, it would be the company's first film in which all characters are human.[10]

text:
"The dad is always expected in the family to be strong, so I made him strong. The moms are always pulled in a million different directions, so I made her stretch like taffy. Teenagers, particularly teenage girls, are insecure and defensive, so I made her turn invisible and turn on shields. And ten-year-old boys are hyperactive energy balls. Babies are unrealized potential."
– Brad Bird, writer and director of The Incredibles.[12][13]

tag: div

text: Bird came to Pixar with the lineup of the story's family members worked out: a mom and dad, both suffering through the dad's midlife crisis; a shy teenage girl; a cocky ten-year-old boy; and a baby. Bird had based their powers on family archetypes.[7][13][14] During production, Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli visited Pixar and saw the film's story reels. When Bird asked if the reels made any sense or if they were just "American nonsense," Miyazaki replied, through an interpreter, "I think it's a very adventurous thing you are trying to do in an American film."[15]

text: Animation[edit]

text: Upon Pixar's acceptance of the project, Brad Bird was asked to bring in his own team for the production. He brought up a core group of people he worked with on The Iron Giant. Because of this, many 2-D artists had to make the shift to 3-D, including Bird himself. Bird found working with CG "wonderfully malleable" in a way that traditional animation is not, calling the camera's ability to easily switch angles in a given scene "marvelously adaptable." He found working in computer animation "difficult" in a different way than working traditionally, finding the software "sophisticated and not particularly friendly."[16] Bird wrote the script without knowing the limitations or concerns that went hand-in-hand with the medium of computer animation. As a result, this was to be the most complex film yet for Pixar.[5] The film's characters were designed by Tony Fucile and Teddy Newton, whom Bird had brought with him from Warner Bros.[17] Like most computer-animated films, The Incredibles had a year-long period of building the film from the inside out: modeling the exterior and understanding controls that would work the face and the body—the articulation of the character—before animation could even begin.[16] Bird and Fucile tried to emphasize the graphic quality of good 2-D animation to the Pixar team, who had only worked primarily in CG. Bird attempted to incorporate teaching from Disney's Nine Old Men that the crew at Pixar had "never really emphasized."[16]

text: For the technical crew members, the film's human characters posed a difficult set of challenges.[11] Bird's story was filled with elements that were difficult to animate with CGI back then. Humans are widely considered to be the most difficult things to execute in animation.[6] Pixar's animators filmed themselves walking to better grasp proper human motion.[6] Creating an all-human cast required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy, clothing, and realistic skin and hair. Although the technical team had some experience with hair and cloth in Monsters, Inc. (2001), the amount of hair and cloth required for The Incredibles had never been done by Pixar up until this point. Moreover, Bird would tolerate no compromises for the sake of technical simplicity. Where the technical team on Monsters, Inc. had persuaded director Pete Docter to accept pigtails on Boo to make her hair easier to animate, the character Violet had to have long hair that obscured her face; in fact, this was integral to her character.[11] Violet's long hair, which was extremely difficult to animate, was only successfully animated toward the end of production. In addition, animators had to adapt to having hair both underwater and blowing through the wind.[16] Disney was initially reluctant to make the film because of these issues, thinking that a live-action film would be preferable, but Lasseter denied this.[18]

text: Not only did The Incredibles cope with the difficulty of animating CG humans, but also many other complications. The story was bigger than any prior story at the studio, was longer in running time, and had four times the number of locations.[16][19] Supervising technical director Rick Sayre noted that the hardest thing about the film was that there was "no hardest thing," alluding to the amount of new technical challenges: fire, water, air, smoke, steam, and explosions were all additional to the new difficulty of working with humans.[16] The film's organizational structure could not be mapped out like previous Pixar features, and it became a running joke to the team.[16] Sayre said the team adopted “Alpha Omega," where one team was concerned with building modeling, shading, and layout, while another dealt with final camera, lighting, and effects. Another team, dubbed the "character team," digitally sculpted, rigged, and shaded all of the characters, and a simulation team was responsible for developing simulation technology for hair and clothing.[16] There were at least 781 visual effects shots in the film, and they were quite often visual gags, such as the window shattering when Bob angrily shuts the car door. Additionally, the effects team improved their modeling of clouds, using volumetric rendering for the first time.[16]

text: The skin of the characters gained a new level of realism from a technology to produce known as "subsurface scattering."[17] The challenges did not stop with modeling humans. Bird decided that in a shot near the film's end, baby Jack-Jack would have to undergo a series of transformations, and in one of the five planned he would turn himself into a kind of goo. Technical directors, who anticipated spending two months or even longer to work out the goo effect, stealing precious hours from production that had already entered its final and most critical stages, petitioned the film's producer, John Walker, for help.[20] Bird, who had himself brought Walker over from Warner Bros. to work on the project, was at first immovable, but after arguing with Walker in several invective-laced meetings over the course of two months, Bird finally conceded.[20] Bird also insisted that the storyboards define the blocking of characters' motions, lighting, and camera movements, which had previously been left to other departments rather than storyboarded.[11]

text: Bird self-admitted that he "had the knees of [the studio] trembling under the weight" of The Incredibles, but called the film a "testament to the talent of the animators at Pixar," who were admiring the challenges the film provoked.[16] He recalled, "Basically, I came into a wonderful studio, frightened a lot of people with how many presents I wanted for Christmas, and then got almost everything I asked for."[18]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Lily Tomlin was originally considered for the role of Edna Mode, but later turned it down.[21] After several failed attempts to cast Edna Mode, Bird took on her voice role himself.[14] It was an extension of the Pixar custom of tapping in-house staff whose voices came across particularly well on scratch dialogue tracks.[14] Sarah Vowell was offered the role of Violet unexpectedly,[22] Bird wanted to cast Vowell as Violet after hearing her voice on the National Public Radio program, This American Life.[23][24][25] Bird stated that she was "perfect" for the part and immediately called her to offer her the role.[23]

text: Music[edit]

text: The Incredibles is the first Pixar film to be scored by Michael Giacchino. Brad Bird was looking for a specific sound as inspired by the film's retrofuturistic design – the future as seen from the 1960s. John Barry was the first choice to do the film's score, with a trailer of the film given a rerecording of Barry's theme to On Her Majesty's Secret Service. However, Barry did not wish to duplicate the sound of some of his earlier soundtracks;[26] the assignment was instead given to Giacchino.[27] Giacchino noted that recording in the 1960s was largely different from modern day recording and Dan Wallin, the recording engineer, said that Bird wanted an old feel, and as such the score was recorded on analog tapes. Wallin noted that brass instruments, which are at the forefront of the film's score, sound better on analog equipment rather than digital. Wallin came from an era in which music was recorded, according to Giacchino, "the right way", which consists of everyone in the same room, "playing against each other and feeding off each other's energy". Tim Simonec was the conductor/orchestrator for the score's recording.[28]

text: The film's orchestral score was released on November 2, 2004, three days before the film opened in theaters. It won numerous awards for best score including Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award, BMI Film & TV Award, ASCAP Film and Television Music Award, Annie Award, Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award and Online Film Critics Society Award and was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, Satellite Award and Broadcast Film Critics Association Award.[29]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Several film reviewers drew precise parallels between the film and certain superhero comic books, like Powers, Watchmen, Fantastic Four, and The Avengers. The producers of the 2005 adaptation of Fantastic Four were forced to make significant script changes and add more special effects because of similarities to The Incredibles.[30] Bird was not surprised that comparisons arose due to superheroes being "the most well-trod turf on the planet," but noted that he had not been inspired by any comic books specifically, only having heard of Watchmen. He did comment that it was nice to be compared to it, since "if you're going to be compared to something, it's nice if it's something good".[13]

text: Some commentators took Bob's frustration with celebrating mediocrity and Syndrome's comment that "when everyone's super, no one will be" as a reflection of views shared by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche or an extension of Russian-American novelist Ayn Rand's Objectivism philosophy, which Bird felt was "ridiculous."[6][13] He stated that a large portion of the audience understood the message as he intended whereas "two percent thought I was doing The Fountainhead or Atlas Shrugged." Some purported that The Incredibles exhibited a right-wing bias, which Bird also scoffed at. "I think that's as silly of an analysis as saying The Iron Giant was left-wing. I'm definitely a centrist and feel like both parties can be absurd."[6]

text: The film also explored Bird's dislike for the tendency of the children's comics and Saturday morning cartoons of his youth to portray villains as unrealistic, ineffectual, and non-threatening.[31] In the film, Dash and Violet have to deal with villains who are perfectly willing to use deadly force against children.[32] On another level, both Dash and Violet display no emotion or regret at the deaths of those who are trying to kill them, such as when Dash outruns pursuers who crash their vehicles while chasing him, or when both of them witness their parents destroy several attacking vehicles with people inside, in such a manner that the deaths of those piloting them is undeniable. Despite disagreeing with some analysis, Bird felt it gratifying for his work to be considered on many different levels, which was his intention: "The fact that it was written about in the op/ed section of The New York Times several times was really gratifying to me. Look, it's a mainstream animated movie, and how often are those considered thought provoking?"[6]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film opened on November 5, 2004, as Pixar's first film to be rated PG (for "action violence").[20] Its theatrical release was accompanied with a Pixar short film Boundin'.[33] The promotional campaign included an official website with video segments, games, and printable memorabilia.[34] While Pixar celebrated another triumph with The Incredibles, Steve Jobs was embroiled in a public feud with the head of its distribution partner, The Walt Disney Company.[35] This would eventually lead to the ousting of Michael Eisner and Disney's acquisition of Pixar the following year.

text: In March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger announced that the film would be reformatted and re-released in 3D.[36]

text: On May 11, 2018, Disney and IMAX announced that the film would be reissued and digitally re-mastered for IMAX theaters (alongside its sequel, Incredibles 2) using their DMR Technology in a double feature for a one-day only, "Fan Event", on June 13.[37]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was first released on both VHS and a two-disc collector's edition DVD set on March 15, 2005.[38] The DVD set included two newly commissioned Pixar short films, Jack-Jack Attack and Mr. Incredible and Pals, which were made specifically for this home-video release, and Boundin', a Pixar short film that premiered alongside the feature film in its original theatrical release.[33] It was the highest-selling DVD of 2005, with 17.38 million copies sold.[39] The film was also released on UMD for the Sony PSP.[40]

text: Disney released the film on Blu-ray in North America on April 12, 2011, and on 4K UHD Blu-ray on June 5, 2018; this marks Disney's first 4K Blu-ray reissue on the format.[41][42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Despite concerns that the film would receive underwhelming results,[43] the film's domestic gross was $70,467,623 in its opening weekend from 7,600 screens at 3,933 theaters, averaging $17,917 per theater or $9,272 per screen, the highest opening-weekend gross for a Pixar film (the record was later broken in 2010 by Toy Story 3, with $110,307,189), the highest November opening weekend for a Disney film (the record was broken in 2013 by Thor: The Dark World with $85.7 million),[44] the highest opening weekend for a non-sequel animated feature (the record was broken in 2007 by The Simpsons Movie, with $74,036,787), and the highest opening weekend for a non-franchise-based film for just over five years when Avatar opened with $77,025,481.[45] This opening was the second-highest for an animated film at the time. The film was also number one in its second weekend, grossing another $50,251,359, dropping just 29 percent, and easily out-grossing new animated opener The Polar Express. The film ultimately grossed $261,441,092, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2004.[46] Worldwide, the film grossed $631,442,092, ranking fourth for 2004.[47] It is also the second-highest-grossing 2004 animated film behind Shrek 2 ($919.8 million).[48]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received a 97% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10.[50] which, as of  January 2018[update], makes it the 20th-highest-rated animated film of all time.[51] The site's consensus reads "Bringing loads of wit and tons of fun to the animated superhero genre, The Incredibles easily lives up to its name."[50] Metacritic, another review aggregator, indicates the film was met with "universal acclaim", with a score of 90/100 based on 41 critics.[52] Audiences polled for CinemaScore gave the film an "A+" on an "A+ to F" scale.[53]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half out of four, writing that the film "alternates breakneck action with satire of suburban sitcom life" and is "another example of Pixar's mastery of popular animation."[54] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film three-and-a-half, calling it "one of the year's best" and saying that it "doesn't ring cartoonish, it rings true."[55] Giving the film three-and-a-half as well, People magazine found that The Incredibles "boasts a strong, entertaining story and a truckload of savvy comic touches."[56]

text: Conversely, Eleanor Ringel Gillespie of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution was bored by the film's "recurring pastiches of earlier action films", concluding that "the Pixar whizzes do what they do excellently; you just wish they were doing something else."[57][58] Similarly, Jessica Winter of The Village Voice criticized the film for "playing as a standard summer action film", despite being released in early November. Her review, titled as "Full Metal Racket," noted that The Incredibles "announces the studio's arrival in the vast yet overcrowded Hollywood lot of eardrum-bashing, metal-crunching action sludge."[59]

text: Travers also named The Incredibles as #6 on his list of the decade's best films, writing "Of all the Pixar miracles studded through the decade, The Incredibles still delights me the most. It's not every toon that deals with midlife crisis, marital dysfunction, child neglect, impotence fears, fashion faux pas, and existential angst."[60] The National Review Online named The Incredibles no. 2 on its list of the 25 best conservative movies of the last 25 years, saying that it "celebrates marriage, courage, responsibility, and high achievement."[61] Entertainment Weekly named the film No. 25 on its list of the 25 greatest action films ever[62] and no. 7 on its list of the 20 best animated movies ever.[63] IGN ranked the film as the third favorite animated film of all time in a list published in 2010.[64] In 2012, film critic Matt Zoller Seitz declared The Incredibles as the greatest superhero film he has ever seen: "That thing works as a James Bond spoof; a meditation on identities, secret and otherwise; a domestic comedy; a statement on exceptionalism vs. mediocrity, and the perils of the nanny state… And yet it all hangs together. No part feels perfunctory or stupid. It’s all deeply felt."[65] He would also later name the film as the "greatest action movie of the aughts, with [Hero] and [Kung Fu Hustle] following close behind."[66]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, beating two DreamWorks films, Shrek 2 and Shark Tale, as well as Best Sound Editing at the 77th Academy Awards. It also received nominations for Best Original Screenplay (for writer/director Brad Bird) and Best Sound Mixing (Randy Thom, Gary Rizzo and Doc Kane).[67] It was Pixar's first feature film to win multiple Oscars, followed in 2010 by Up. Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal called The Incredibles the year's best picture.[13] Premiere magazine released a cross-section of all the top critics in America and The Incredibles placed at number three, whereas review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes cross-referenced reviews that suggested it was its year's highest-rated film.[13]

text: The film also received the 2004 Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and the 2005 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form, and it was nominated for the 2004 Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. It also won the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film. The American Film Institute nominated The Incredibles for its Top 10 Animated Films list.[68]

text: It was included on Empire's 500 Greatest Films of All Time at number 400.[69]

text: Merchandising[edit]

text: Several companies released promotional products related to the film. In the weeks before the film's opening, there were also promotional tie-ins with SBC Communications (using Dash to promote the "blazing-fast speed" of its SBC Yahoo! DSL service) Tide, Downy, Bounce and McDonald's.[70] Dark Horse Comics released a limited series of comic books based on the film.[71] Toy maker Hasbro produced a series of action figures and toys based on the film.[72] Kellogg's released an Incredibles-themed cereal, as well as promotional Pop-Tarts and fruit snacks, all proclaiming an "Incrediberry Blast" of flavor.[73] Pringles included potato chips featuring the superheroes and quotes from the film.[74][75]

text: In July 2008, it was announced that a series of comic books based on the film would be published by BOOM! Studios in collaboration with Disney Publishing by the end of the year.[76] The first miniseries by BOOM! was The Incredibles: Family Matters by Mark Waid and Marcio Takara, which was published from March to June 2009[citation needed] and collected into a trade paperback published in July of that year.[77]

text: Video games[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Advance, PC, and Macintosh, as well as on mobile phones. Although based on the film, several key scenes are altered from the original script. A second game, The Incredibles: Rise of the Underminer, was released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS, as well as on Windows and OS X.[78] Taking place immediately after the film, Rise focuses on Mr. Incredible and Frozone as they battle with the Underminer,[78] but the plot was later retconned out by Incredibles 2.  A third game, The Incredibles: When Danger Calls, was released for Windows and OS X.[79] It is a collection of 10 games and activities for the playable characters to perform.[79] Another game, Kinect Rush: A Disney Pixar Adventure, was released on March 20, 2012, for Xbox 360.[80] It features characters and missions from five Pixar's films: The Incredibles, Up, Cars, Ratatouille and Toy Story.[81] The Incredibles characters also star in Disney Infinity, which was released in August 2013. The playset for The Incredibles is featured in the starter pack.[82] A LEGO-themed video game, Lego The Incredibles, was released by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and is released on June 15, 2018 on the Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4.[83]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Director Brad Bird stated in 2007 that he was open to the idea of a sequel if he could come up with an idea superior to the original film: "I have pieces that I think are good, but I don't have them all together."[84] During an interview in May 2013, Bird reiterated his interest in making a sequel. "I have been thinking about it. People think that I have not been, but I have. Because I love those characters and love that world," said Bird. "I am stroking my chin and scratching my head. I have many, many elements that I think would work really well in another Incredibles film, and if I can get ‘em to click all together, I would probably wanna do that."[85]

text: Disney announced their intentions to develop Incredibles 2 in March 2014. Bird returned to direct and write the screenplay.[36][86] Nelson, Hunter, Vowell, Jackson, Bird, and Ratzenberger returned to voice their characters, while Dash was voiced by Huck Milner as Fox's voice had deepened in the intervening years[87] and Rick Dicker was voiced by Jonathan Banks after Bud Lucky retired in 2014. The film is a direct continuation of The Incredibles.[88] The sequel gives Holly Hunter's character, Elastigirl, a more developed plotline.[89]

text: The teaser trailer for the sequel premiered on November 18, 2017. It featured Jack-Jack, who is revealed to have powers, with Bob, happy at this discovery.[90] Originally,  Incredibles 2 was to be released on June 21, 2019 as Pixar's next film after Toy Story 4. Due to delays on that title, Pixar swapped the release dates, and Incredibles 2 was then officially released in the United States on June 15, 2018.[91]


document_title: Inspector General of Police (Nigeria)

question_text: what is the name of nigeria inspector general of police

text: Inspector General of Police (Nigeria)

text:
Inspector General of Police of Nigeria Police Force

Incumbent
Ibrahim Idris Kpotum
Acting
since June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21)

Style
Mr.

Member of
Nigeria Police Council

Residence
Louis Edet House Shehu Shagari Way, Central Area, Abuja, Nigeria

Seat
1

Appointer
President of Nigeria

Term length
4 years
renewable

Formation
1964

First holder
Louis Edet

Website
Official Website of NPF

tag: table

text: The Inspector General of Police, abbreviated as IGP is the head of the Nigeria Police Force. He is the most senior officer in the police service. The pioneer IGP is Louis Edet and the current IGP is Ibrahim Idris Kpotum.

text: Appointment[edit]

text: The appointed officer is usually a serving officer of the Nigeria Police Force and are often recommended by the Nigeria Police Council to the President of Nigeria, who will send the name to the Senate for confirmation.

text: Past IGP[edit]

text:
Louis Edet (1964 - 1966)
Kam Salem (1966 - 1974)
Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu (1975 - 1979)
Adamu Suleiman (1979 - 1981)
Sunday Adewusi (1981 - 1983)
Etim Inyang (1985 - 1986)
Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta (1986 - 1990)
Aliyu Attah (1990 - 1993)
Ibrahim Coomassie (1993 - 1999)
Musiliu Smith (1999 - 2002)
Mustafa Adebayo Balogun (2002 - 2005)
Sunday Ehindero (2005 - 2007)
Mike Mbama Okiro (2007 - 2009)
Ogbonna Okechukwu Onovo (2009 - 2010)
Hafiz Ringim (2010 - 2012)
Mohammed Dikko Abubakar ( 2012 - 2014)
Suleiman Abba (2014 - 2015)
Solomon Arase (2015-2016)
Ibrahim Idris Kpotum (Acting/Active)