document_title: Barney Stinson

question_text: when did barney and robin get back together

text: Barney Stinson

text: Development[edit]

text: The show's creators envisioned Barney as what Bays later described as a "large, John Belushi-type character";[3] nonetheless, Megan Branman, the casting director for How I Met Your Mother, invited Harris to audition. He assumed that he was invited solely because the two were friends and did not believe he had a chance of winning the role. Harris later said: "Since I [considered] myself the long shot, I didn't care that much, and I think that allowed a freedom." His audition centered on a scene playing laser tag, and Harris attempted a dive roll, accidentally knocking over a chair and slamming into a wall in the process. CBS executives enjoyed his playing and soon offered Harris the part.[4] The character is named for a heroin dealer in the James Ellroy novel L.A. Confidential.[citation needed]

text: Character[edit]

text: Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with "daddy issues" and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion.[4] Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a "high-functioning sociopath" by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them.[4] Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is "resentful" that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable.

text: Harris describes Barney as a man who "likes to create crazy situations and then sit back and watch it all go down."[5] He is an opportunist who manipulates any situation so that it goes his way. He is also highly competitive, and will take on "challenges" to complete outlandish tasks in order to prove his worth. He is proud and stubborn, and attempts to stand by his word no matter what. In "I Heart NJ", for example, he refuses to put down his fist unless someone offers him a fist bump. By the end of the episode, he has the same fist elevated in a sling after struggling to keep his fist up throughout the episode. In "Lucky Penny", when the others do not believe that he can run the New York City Marathon the next day without training, Barney immediately agrees to do so. Although he succeeds, he is unable to walk afterwards. Although he thinks of himself as worldly, Barney is sometimes extremely naive, believing many lies his mother told him well into adulthood, such as believing that Bob Barker is his father.

text: Barney, like Harris himself, is an illusionist. His favorite types of magic tricks involve fire, as seen in the tenth episode of the second season, "Single Stamina" and in the fourth episode of the fourth season, "Intervention". Barney uses magic tricks mostly to pick up women. His most common method of picking up women is telling them elaborate lies about himself, often using an alias. Many of his schemes for picking up women are in a book he has written called "The Playbook", which is exposed in the episode "The Playbook". He has commitment issues, as evidenced in his reluctance to put a label on his relationship with Robin and the fact that she is one of the few women he has actually dated since the show started.

text: Barney is very well-connected and is the most affluent member of the group. He frequently buys expensive items—such as a last-minute plane ticket to San Francisco, thousands of dollars in postage stamps, or two televisions specifically for smashing in frustration—in the spur of the moment. He is also something of a metrosexual; he waxes his chest, enjoys manicures and has an extensive knowledge of designer labels and gourmet food. However, he is also seen to have a gambling problem that he occasionally gets under control, only to relapse as seen in several episodes such as "Atlantic City", where he has gambling buddies in the Chinese Triad, and "Monday Night Football".

text: Although The Early Show described him as "Utterly devoid of morality", Barney lives by the "Bro Code", his own code of ethics.[6] Despite his overall questionable character, according to creator Craig Thomas, Barney is "a pretty fragile character who's really afraid of being alone. He just wants people to like him, to be important to people, and to have disciples who follow his word."[7] He has displayed a softer, kinder side on several occasions, however, such as preventing Marshall from sleeping with other women when he and Lily break up, and persuading Lily to come back to Marshall.

text: In "The Slutty Pumpkin Returns", Barney finds out he is one quarter Canadian, much to his horror and embarrassment.

text: Throughout the series, one major character development is apparent in Barney: At the beginning of the show, his character is a womanizer who completely objectifies sex and women and wants nothing to do with dating and relationships. Although he does date Robin in Season 5, he resumes his promiscuous lifestyle immediately after they break up. In Seasons 6 and 7, however, he begins to confront his personal issues, like his relationship with his estranged father and his fear of commitment. By the time late Season 7 rolls around, Barney has finally "grown up," and has now warmed to the idea of a commitment and marriage, culminating in his proposal to his girlfriend, Quinn. Although he briefly retreats to his escapades after he and Quinn break up, he does make one major final leap in his maturity when he burns The Playbook and proposes to Robin in Season 8's two-part episode "The Final Page," after finally admitting to himself that he is still in love with her. Robin accepts and they plan their wedding in the second half of the season.

text: The final season revolves around Barney and Robin's wedding weekend. After some apprehension on both their parts, they get married in "The End of the Aisle" after he vows to always be honest with her. The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, three years after their wedding, they get divorced because Robin's hectic travel schedule prevents them from spending any time together. Barney returns to a lifestyle of meaningless sex with multiple women for several years afterward, until he gets one of his one-night stands pregnant. He hates the idea of being a father until the day his child – a girl named Ellie – is born. He falls in love with her at first sight and becomes a devoted father, turning away from his player lifestyle for good.

text: Childhood and family[edit]

text: A few references have been offered to identify Barney's Birthday: In "Natural History", Barney claims he was six years old on July 23, 1981. This puts his birthday somewhere between July 24, 1974 and July 23, 1975; in "Zoo or False", Ted says Barney was born seven years after the moon landing (which occurred in July 1969), In "Columns" set in 2007, Barney gives his age as 31 further confirming his birth year is 1976. In "The Drunk Train" Marshall states Barney is a Scorpio which places his birthday between October 23 - November 21, 1976.

text: He was raised in Port Richmond, Staten Island by his mother Loretta (younger version voiced by Megan Mullally, played by Frances Conroy), who was apparently very promiscuous.[4] His father proved to be an ongoing mystery in the series. When Barney was young, he asked his mother who his father was, and as The Price Is Right happened to be on TV at the time, she pointed to Bob Barker and replied, "Oh, I don't know. That guy." Barney believed the lie wholeheartedly. Years later, as portrayed in the season 2 episode "Showdown", he appears on The Price Is Right with the intention of naming Barker as his father on national television, until he panics at the last minute and cannot go through with it. As a child, Barney was terrible at sports, and from various episodes it is shown he had few friends (one scene shows that no one attended his birthday party). In the episode "The Leap," Lily reveals that Barney planned on being a violinist when he was young.

text: In "Natural History", Barney finds out that a man named Jerome Whittaker, whom Barney believed to be his uncle, signed a form claiming to be Barney's father. Barney finally meets Jerome (John Lithgow) again in the episode "Legendaddy" and learns that he is in fact his father. Upon meeting, Jerome feels pressured to act like the hard-partying womanizer he once was in order to impress Barney, and also because Barney refuses to see him any other way. Barney eventually breaks down and accuses Jerome of walking out on him. Jerome, who can offer no excuse, apologizes and pleads with Barney to allow him to be a part of his life. Later in the sixth season, in "Hopeless", Jerome tries to impress Barney by acting like his old self, but later reveals he was just pretending. Barney, nevertheless, willingly listens to advice from Jerome about settling down. Barney also learns of his Canadian heritage, when he finds out that Jerome's mother was born in Manitoba.

text: Barney has three half-siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode "The Rebound Girl"); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one-night stand in "Ring Up!", and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode "Okay Awesome".

text: Education[edit]

text: Throughout the series Barney has claimed to have attended MIT; In the final season, Barney explains that MIT is an acronym for the Magicians Institute of Teaneck, not the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has worn a Cornell Big Red T-shirt,[8] indicating that he may have gone there, instead. As evidenced in Season 2 "Atlantic City", Barney learned at least conversational Korean, Chinese at some point, as well as some French. His musical skills include playing the drums, dancing the tango and singing. He is also skilled at juggling and laser tag.

text: Adult life prior to 2005 ("Pilot")[edit]

text: "Game Night" reveals that Barney had once been an innocent, idealistic young man who wanted to join the Peace Corps with his first serious girlfriend, Shannon. When she left him for a suit-wearing womanizer, James arranged for the 23-year-old Barney to lose his virginity to their mother's friend, Rhonda "the Man Maker" French.[9] After he slept with Rhonda and was led to believe he satisfied her, he became a similarly suit-wearing womanizer, even going so far as to adopt some of his rival's catchphrases. He lives by a strict code known as the Bro Code.[10][better source needed]

text: Barney is also revealed to have had a gambling problem, enabled by his mother, who is a bookmaker. However, he assures the group that it is not a problem because he is so good at it. He revealed in "Atlantic City" that he lost his entire life savings playing a Chinese game. He has also apparently lost every one of his many bets on the Super Bowl. He will go to any lengths to win a bet, even if it takes one year for just $10.[11]

text: In the series (2005–2014)[edit]

text: While Barney's softer, generous side is not often apparent,[7] it is not always relegated to flashbacks. When Marshall and Lily break their engagement in season one, Barney lures women away from Marshall so that he can remain faithful to the woman he truly loves.[5] It is revealed that it was Barney who convinced Lily to come back to New York, even buying her a plane ticket home. Barney's relationship with women evolves throughout the series; in the later seasons, he begins to desire a more conventional relationship, as evidenced by his subsequent proposals to both Quinn Garvey and Robin Scherbatsky. He is also known to write a blog.[12] In an allusion to Harris' role in Doogie Howser, M.D., the music played during his blogging sessions is the theme song from the show.

text: Career[edit]

text: Throughout the series, Barney frequently refuses to say what he does for a living, brushing off any questions about his job with a dismissive "Please."

text: Barney is apparently quite wealthy, and is undeniably the richest out of the five. He lives in an upscale apartment and is rich enough to own two 300 inch televisions shipped from Japan as well as expensive memorabilia, including an Imperial Stormtrooper costume from the Star Wars films.[13] Barney is also shown to be a fan of the rock groups AC/DC, Van Halen and Bon Jovi.

text: In his blog, he writes that he is the Director of WHO DID THIS.[14] The company he works for, Altrucell,[15] advertises itself as the world's largest producer of the felt covers of tennis balls; however, Future Ted implies that the company's main profits come from other, less innocent sources, such as logging, oil drilling, small arms, tobacco farming and missile construction. Barney states in "Cupcake" that, as a lawyer for Altrucell, Marshall would make more money in three months than he and Lily make in a year because his company has so many lawsuits against it.[6] In the season 3 episode "The Bracket," he says that he is good enough at lying to avoid perjury charges. As of Season 4, his company is involved in a hostile takeover of Goliath National Bank (GNB) and consequently shifts him to the management team of the bank, but he remains a powerful executive and continues to use the same office he has had since it was first shown in Season 1. Despite this, he has suggested there is the possibility he will one day wash up on shore with no teeth or fingerprints and supposedly has come under attack by ninjas in the past during work. In Season 4, during the episode "Happily Ever After", Barney states to a woman that he is an "Attorney in Law", though this was probably just part of a pick-up line as he immediately followed it with "Let's talk about getting you off". His video resume was published in Season 4 episode "The Possimpible".[16] In a season 8 episode, it was implied that the full extent of Barney's career might never be revealed.

text: In the Season 9 episode "Unpause", he drunkenly reveals that his job is to "Provide Legal Exculpation And Sign Everything" (P.L.E.A.S.E.), setting him up to be the fall guy for his company's nefarious activities. Unknown to his company, he has been conspiring with the federal government as part of a long-term plan to get revenge on his boss, who stole his girlfriend prior to the start of the series.

text: Friends[edit]

text: Ted Mosby[edit]

text: Ted is Barney's self-proclaimed best friend and "wing man". They meet in 2001 at MacLaren's, and Barney takes it upon himself to "teach Ted how to live". While Ted is often annoyed by Barney's antics, he considers him a good friend, and in "Miracles," says that Barney is like a brother to him. Their friendship has been tested, however; in "The Goat", Ted finds out that Barney and Robin slept together and ends their friendship, and refuses to speak to him for several episodes. In the third-season finale, "Miracles", however, Ted forgives Barney after Barney severely injures himself while trying to help him. They remain an important part of each other's lives for the rest of the series, with Barney comforting Ted after he is left at the altar in "Shelter Island" and Ted teaching Barney how to be a good boyfriend to Robin in "Robin 101" . Ted is the best man at Barney's wedding, and, along with the other main characters, is present for the birth of his child.[17]

text: Marshall Eriksen[edit]

text: Barney meets Marshall around the same time as Ted, and takes it upon himself to give Marshall unwanted advice on picking up women. While Marshall makes fun of Barney's promiscuity and ethical lapses, however, Barney has helped him many times throughout the series. For example, Barney gets him an internship at Altrucell in "Life Among the Gorillas", keeps him from sleeping with other women in "The Scorpion and the Toad", persuades Lily to come back to him in "Bachelor Party", and gets him a job at Goliath National Bank in "The Best Burger in New York". Barney is "co-best man" with Ted at Marshall's wedding. Along with the other main characters, Marshall is present for the birth of Barney's daughter. In the episode "Slap Bet", Barney loses a bet with Marshall and agrees to let Marshall slap him five times at random occasions "throughout eternity". This is later extended to eight slaps in the episode "Disaster Averted". Marshall administers these slaps in the episodes "Slap Bet", "Stuff", "Slapsgiving", "Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap", "Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra", and "The End of the Aisle".

text: Lily Aldrin[edit]

text: Barney makes many unwelcome sexual advances toward Lily throughout the series, and frequently implies that Lily is secretly attracted to him, despite all evidence to the contrary. Nevertheless, he considers Lily a confidante, seeking her advice on winning Robin over and telling her deeply personal secrets, such as his failed ambition to be a concert violinist. He also admires her skill at lying and manipulating people, considering it to be on par with his own. While Lily calls Barney "the world's biggest pervert" and a "womanizing creep", she also considers him one of her best friends. Along with the other main characters, Lily is present for the birth of Barney's daughter.[17]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Barney and Robin start out as friends, but he falls in love with her after they impulsively sleep together in "Sandcastles in the Sand". Throughout Season 4, he struggles with his feelings for her, until they finally get together in the season finale "The Leap". They become a full-fledged couple in season 5, but they break up in "The Rough Patch" when they find that they are making each other miserable. They never truly get over each other, however, even while they are dating other people. In the eighth season, he launches an elaborate plan to win Robin's heart (encouraged by Ted's future wife) that ends with Barney proposing to her. She accepts, and they get engaged. The final season revolves around their wedding weekend. After much doubt and soul-searching, they get married in "The End of the Aisle". The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, after three years of marriage, they get divorced because Robin's work schedule prevents them from spending any time together. They do not see each other again for several years, until Ted's wedding.[17]

text: Romantic relationships[edit]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Others[edit]

text: Barney has two other serious girlfriends throughout the series: Nora (Nazanin Boniadi), on whom he cheats with Robin; and Quinn (Becki Newton), a stripper to whom he proposes, but with whom he breaks up upon realizing that they don't trust each other.

text: Appearances outside How I Met Your Mother[edit]

text: In 2008, the book The Bro Code, ostensibly written by Barney, was published. Three other books ostensibly written by Barney, Bro on the Go (2009), The Playbook (2010), and Bro Code for Parents: What to Expect When You're Awesome (2012), were also published.

text: In 2010, Barney was featured in a Super Bowl commercial that showed him in the stands at the Super Bowl with a sign stating "Hey Ladies Call Barney Stinson 1-877-987-6401." A recorded message by Neil Patrick Harris was played if the number was dialed.[18]

text: Catchphrases[edit]

text: In the show's pilot, Barney first utters the phrase, "Suit up!", as he tells others to dress like him to go out. The phrase "Suit up!" came from an ad for a suit sale in a later episode about his past with Shannon. According to creator Thomas, this is a sign that Barney "thought of his suit as some kind of superhero outfit that separated him from the pack."[7] The phrase is repeated in many episodes, and is often modified to fit whatever clothing Barney is wearing, such as "Flight suit up", "Snow suit up", and even "Birthday suit up". He also uses the word "awesome" to describe anything that he finds remotely pleasing, and invents different kinds of "high-fives" for every occasion. However, Barney's arguably most famous catch phrase is "Legendary!" which he uses to describe anything and everything fun and exciting (In fact, Ted says that he over-uses it). When saying something is legendary, he typically says "it's going to be Legen... wait for it... dary! Legendary!" He also says "wait for it" quite often. And also he often uses the word "Nice" to express when he glad in something or someone.

text: In the show Barney frequently approaches attractive women with Ted in tow and asks "Haaaaaave you met Ted?" as a way to start a conversation with strangers. Thomas says that this phrase is based in real life, as a one-time friend of his often used a similar line to meet women.[7] He is also prone to saying "Daddy's Home" as either a chat-up line or for grand entrances, and "True Story" as an ending to stories or theories that are generally erroneous.

text: Barney often uses the phrase "Challenge accepted" when someone mentions an outlandish task that supposedly cannot be done; he takes this as a personal challenge and attempts, usually successfully, to perform the task.

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to The Early Show, Barney is one of the main reasons that the show has been a success.[6] Maclean's stated that Barney is the show's most popular character and explains that the most likeable characters are often those with the best catchphrases.[7] In 2006, TV Land named Barney's "Suit Up" one of the 100 Best Catchphrases. Barney's signature phrase is one of only four from contemporary television shows, as writers are now less likely to have a character repeat a phrase in many episodes.[7] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[19] Paste included him in their list of the 20 Best Characters of 2011, ranking him No. 4.[20]

text: From 2007–10, Harris was nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his work playing Barney.[21] In 2008, Fireside published The Bro Code. Ostensibly written by Stinson, although actually penned by Matt Kuhn, a writer for the show, the book reveals the code by which the character supposedly lives his life (though he has been shown disregarding and/or violating a large portion of the articles in the book).[22] Oxford Dictionaries recognized Stinson as "the quintessence of a certain iteration of the contemporary bro" and noted how his language uses the word liberally.[23]


document_title: Miracle on Ice

question_text: how many of the miracle on ice team played in the nhl

root

text: Miracle on Ice

text: History[edit]

text: The Soviet and American teams[edit]

text: The Soviet Union entered the Lake Placid games as the heavy favorite, having won the previous four ice hockey gold medals dating back to the 1964 games. In the four Olympics following their 1960 bronze medal finish at Squaw Valley, Soviet teams had gone 27–1–1 (wins-losses-ties) and outscored their opponents 175–44.[3] In head-to-head match-ups against the United States, the cumulative score over that period was 28–7.[4]

tag: p

text: The Soviets were well-seasoned "amateurs" who were employed by industrial firms or military organizations for the sole purpose of playing hockey on their organization's team.[5][6][7] They were led by legendary players in world ice hockey, such as Boris Mikhailov (a top line right winger and team captain), Vladislav Tretiak (the consensus best goaltender in the world at the time), the speedy and skilled Valeri Kharlamov, as well as talented, young, and dynamic players such as defenseman Viacheslav Fetisov and forwards Vladimir Krutov and Sergei Makarov. From that team, Tretiak, Kharlamov, Makarov, and Fetisov would eventually be enshrined in the Hockey Hall of Fame. Many of the Soviet players had gained attention in the Summit Series eight years before and, in contrast to the American players, were de facto professionals with long histories of international play.[8]

text: U.S. head coach Herb Brooks had tryouts in Colorado Springs in the summer of 1979. Of the 20 players who eventually made the final Olympic roster, Buzz Schneider was the only one returning from the 1976 Olympic team.[9] Nine players had played under Brooks at the University of Minnesota, which included Rob McClanahan, Mike Ramsey, and Phil Verchota; while four more were from Boston University: Dave Silk, Jack O'Callahan, goalie Jim Craig, and team captain Mike Eruzione.[10] Boston University and Minnesota were perennial rivals in college hockey and the hostility carried over from some of the players on the Olympic team for the first few months. But part of Brooks' selection process was a 300-question psychological test that would give him insight on how every player would react under stress. Anyone who refused to take the test would be flunked. Brooks had to select from 68 players who started the tryout.[11]

text: The average age of the U.S. team was 21 years old, making it the youngest team in U.S. team history to play in the Olympics. It would be the youngest team in the Olympic tournament. But Brooks had selected carefully and knew the limits of every player. As forward John Harrington said, "He knew exactly where to quit. He'd push you right to the limit where you were ready to say, 'I've had it, I'm throwing it in'—and then he'd back off." Brooks continued the organization by campaigning for the players' selection of Eruzione as the captain, and Craig had been the goalie for him in the 1979 World Championship tournament.[11] Assistant coach Craig Patrick had played with Brooks on the 1967 U.S. national team.[12]

text: The Soviet and American teams were natural rivals due to the decades-old Cold War. In addition, President Jimmy Carter was at the time considering a U.S. boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, to be held in Moscow, in protest of the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. On February 9, the same day the American and Soviet teams met in an exhibition game in New York City, U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance denounced the impending Moscow games at a meeting of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[13] President Carter eventually decided in favor of the boycott.

text: Exhibitions[edit]

text: In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5–3–1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams, and a year earlier, the Soviet national team had routed the NHL All-Stars 6–0 to win the Challenge Cup.[14] In 1979–80, virtually all the top North American players were Canadians, although the number of U.S.-born professional players had been on the rise throughout the 1970s. The 1980 U.S. Olympic team featured several young players who were regarded as highly promising, and some had signed contracts to play in the NHL immediately after the tournament.

text: In September 1979, before the Olympics, the American team started exhibition play. They played a total of 61 games in five months against teams from Europe and America.[15] Through these games, Herb Brooks instilled a European style of play in the American team, emphasizing wide open play with sufficient body contact. He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.[16] From the start of the exhibitions, he conducted the team through skating windsprints consisting of end line to blue line and back, then end line to red line and back, then end line to far blue line and back, and finally end line all the way down and back. Some of the players took to calling these Herbies.[11] On September 17, 1979, the team played to a 3-3 tie in Norway.[17] Brooks had them skate Herbies after the game, and after a while, the lights were turned off by custodians and the practice continued in the dark. Near the end of the exhibition season, although he had supported them throughout, Brooks threatened because of subpar play to cut Eruzione (the captain) and replace Craig as the starting goalie with Steve Janaszak.[11]

text: In the last exhibition game against the Soviets at Madison Square Garden on February 9, 1980, the Soviets crushed the Americans 10–3.[18] Soviet head coach Viktor Tikhonov later said that this victory "turned out to be a very big problem" by causing the Soviets to underestimate the American team.[19] The game was also costly for the Americans off-ice, as defenseman Jack O'Callahan pulled a ligament in his knee; however, Brooks kept O'Callahan on the roster which meant virtually playing with only 19 players throughout the tournament. O'Callahan would eventually return for the game against the Soviets playing limited minutes.

text: Olympic group play[edit]

text: In Olympic group play, the Americans surprised many observers with their physical, cohesive play. In their first game against favored Sweden, Team USA earned a dramatic 2–2 draw by scoring with 27 seconds left after pulling goalie Jim Craig for an extra attacker. Had Team USA not scored this goal and all other results remained the same, the Soviet Union would have emerged with the gold medal on goal differential over the U.S. in the medal round. Then came a stunning 7–3 victory over Czechoslovakia, who were a favorite for the silver medal. With its two toughest games in the group phase out of the way, the U.S. team reeled off three more wins, beating Norway 5–1, Romania 7–2, and West Germany 4–2 to go 4–0–1 and advance to the medal round from its group, along with Sweden.

text: In the other group, the Soviets stormed through their opposition undefeated, often by grossly lopsided scores. They defeated Japan 16–0, the Netherlands 17–4, Poland 8–1, Finland 4–2, and Canada 6–4 to easily qualify for the next round, although both the Finns and the Canadians gave the Soviets tough games for two periods. In the end, the Soviet Union and Finland advanced from their group.[20]

text: Preparing for the medal round[edit]

text: The U.S. and Soviet teams prepared for the medal round in different ways. Soviet coach Viktor Tikhonov rested most of his best players, preferring to let them study plays rather than actually skate. U.S. coach Herb Brooks, however, continued with his tough, confrontational style, skating hard practices and berating his players for perceived weaknesses and to build stamina. Brooks' goal was to have his team be able to keep up with the Soviets through all three periods.[citation needed]

text: The day before the match, columnist Dave Anderson wrote in The New York Times, "Unless the ice melts, or unless the United States team or another team performs a miracle, as did the American squad in 1960, the Russians are expected to easily win the Olympic gold medal for the sixth time in the last seven tournaments."[21]

text: Game summary[edit]

text: Prior to the game, ABC requested that it be rescheduled from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, so that it could be broadcast live in primetime hours. However, the request was declined by the IIHF, after the Soviets complained that it would cause the game to air at 4 a.m. Moscow Time, as opposed to 1 a.m. Moscow Time. As a result, ABC decided not to broadcast the game live for the U.S. audience, and tape delayed it for broadcast during its primetime block of Olympics coverage instead.[22] Before the game aired, ABC's Olympics host Jim McKay openly stated that the game had already occurred, but that they had promised not to spoil its results. In order to accommodate coverage of the men's slalom competition, portions of the game were also edited for time.[23] To this day some of the people that watched the game on television still believe that it was live.[24]

text: With a capacity of 8,500, the Field House was packed.[25] The home crowd waved U.S. flags and sang patriotic songs such as "God Bless America".[14] Before the game, Brooks read his players a statement he had written out on a piece of paper, telling them that "You were born to be a player. You were meant to be here. This moment is yours."[26] Brooks believed they could win and later said, "The Russians were ready to cut their own throats. But we had to get to the point to be ready to pick up the knife and hand it to them. So the morning of the game I called the team together and told them, 'It's meant to be. This is your moment and it's going to happen.' It's kind of corny and I could see them thinking, 'Here goes Herb again....' But I believed it."[11]

text: First period[edit]

text: As in several previous games, the U.S. team fell behind early. Vladimir Krutov deflected a slap shot by Alexei Kasatonov past U.S. goaltender Jim Craig at the 9:12 mark to give the Soviets a 1–0 lead, and after Buzz Schneider scored for the United States on a 50-foot shot from the left boards at 14:03 to tie the game,[11] the Soviets struck again with a Sergei Makarov goal with 17:34 gone. With his team down 2–1, Craig improved his play, turning away many Soviet shots before the U.S. team had another shot on goal (the Soviet team had 39 shots on goal in the game, the Americans 16).

text:
In the waning seconds of the first period, Dave Christian fired a slap shot on Tretiak from 100 feet (30 m) away. The Soviet goalie saved the shot but misplayed the rebound, which bounced out some 20 feet (6.1 m) in front of him. Mark Johnson sliced between the two defenders, found the loose puck, and fired it past a diving Tretiak to tie the score with one second left in the period. This would be an important judgment call by the officials, as an official announcement confirming the goal did not come until many Soviet players were
off the ice and heading to the locker room for intermission.[27] The first period ended with the game tied 2–2.[28]

text: Second period[edit]

text: Tikhonov replaced Tretiak with backup goaltender Vladimir Myshkin immediately after Johnson's tying goal,[29] a move which shocked players on both teams.[14] Tikhonov later identified this as the "turning point of the game",[30] and called it "the biggest mistake of my career".[31] Years later, when Johnson asked Viacheslav Fetisov, now an NHL teammate, about the move, Fetisov responded with "Coach crazy".[32] Myshkin allowed no goals in the second period. The Soviets dominated play in the second period, outshooting the Americans 12–2, but scored only once, on a power play goal by Aleksandr Maltsev 2:18 into play. After two periods the Soviet Union led 3–2.

text: Third period[edit]

text: Vladimir Krutov was sent to the penalty box at the 6:47 mark of the third period for high-sticking. The Americans, who had managed only two shots on Myshkin in 27 minutes, had a power play and a rare offensive opportunity. Myshkin stopped a Mike Ramsey shot, then U.S. team captain Mike Eruzione fired a shot wide. Late in the power play, Dave Silk was advancing into the Soviet zone when Valeri Vasiliev knocked him to the ice. The puck slid to Mark Johnson.[33] Johnson fired off a shot that went under Myshkin and into the net at the 8:39 mark, as the power play was ending, tying the game at 3.[34] Only a couple of shifts later, Mark Pavelich passed to Eruzione, who was left undefended in the high slot. Eruzione, who had just come onto the ice, fired a shot past Myshkin, who was screened by Vasili Pervukhin.[35] This goal gave Team USA a 4–3 lead, its first of the game, with exactly 10 minutes remaining to play.

text: The Soviets, trailing for the first time in the game, attacked ferociously. Moments after Eruzione's goal, Maltsev fired a shot which ricocheted off the right goal post.[36] As the minutes wound down, Brooks kept repeating to his players, "Play your game. Play your game."[37] Instead of going into a defensive crouch, the United States continued to play offense, even getting off a few more shots on goal.[38] The Soviets began to shoot wildly, and Sergei Starikov admitted that "we were panicking". As the clock ticked down below a minute, the Soviets got the puck back into the American zone, and Mikhailov passed to Vladimir Petrov, who shot wide.[39] The Soviets never pulled Myshkin for an extra attacker, much to the Americans' disbelief. Starikov later explained that "We never did six-on-five", not even in practice, because "Tikhonov just didn't believe in it".[40] Craig kicked away a Petrov slap shot with 33 seconds left. Kharlamov fired the puck back in as the clock ticked below 20 seconds. A wild scramble for the puck ensued, ending when Johnson found it and passed it to Ken Morrow.[40] As the U.S. team tried to clear the zone (move the puck over the blue line, which they did with seven seconds remaining), the crowd began to count down the seconds left. Sportscaster Al Michaels, who was calling the game on ABC along with former Montreal Canadiens goalie Ken Dryden, picked up on the countdown in his broadcast, and delivered his famous call:[41]

text: 11 seconds, you've got 10 seconds, the countdown going on right now! Morrow, up to Silk. Five seconds left in the game. Do you believe in miracles? YES!

text: As his team ran all over the ice in celebration, Herb Brooks sprinted back to the locker room and cried.[42] In the locker room afterwards, players spontaneously broke into a chorus of "God Bless America" [43] and received a congratulatory phone call from President Jimmy Carter.[44]

text: During the broadcast wrap-up after the game, ABC Olympic sports anchor Jim McKay compared the American victory over the Soviet professionals to a group of Canadian college football players defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers (the recent Super Bowl champions and at the height of their dynasty).

text: American aftermath[edit]

text: Gold medal[edit]

text: The United States did not immediately win the gold medal upon defeating the USSR. In 1980, the medal round was a round-robin, not a single elimination format as it is today. Under Olympic rules at the time, the group game with Sweden was counted along with the medal round games versus the Soviet Union and Finland so it was mathematically possible for the United States to finish anywhere from first to fourth.[45]

text: Needing to win to secure the gold medal, Team USA came back from a 2–1 third period deficit to defeat Finland 4–2.[20] According to Mike Eruzione, coming into the dressing room in the second intermission, Brooks turned to his players, looked at them and said, "If you lose this game, you'll take it to your fucking graves. He then walked towards the locker room door, paused and looked over his shoulder and said to us again "Your fucking graves"."

text: At the time, the players ascended a podium to receive their medals and then lined up on the ice for the playing of the national anthem, as the podium was only meant to accommodate one person. Only the team captains remained on the podium for the duration. After the completion of the anthem, Eruzione motioned for his teammates to join him on the podium.[46] Today, podiums are not used for ice hockey; the teams line up on their respective bluelines after the final game.

text: The cover of the March 3, 1980, issue of Sports Illustrated was a photograph by Heinz Kluetmeier of the American players celebrating and waving an American flag; it did not feature any explanatory captions or headlines, because, as Kluetmeier put it, "It didn't need it. Everyone in America knew what happened".[47] The U.S. team also received the magazine's "Sportsmen of the Year" award,[11] as well as being named as Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press and ABC's Wide World of Sports. In 2004, ESPN, as part of its 25th anniversary, declared the Miracle on Ice to be the top sports headline moment, and game of the period 1979–2004. The victory was voted the greatest sports moment of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated.[48]

text: After 1980 Winter Olympics[edit]

text: At the 1981 Canada Cup, the United States, with seven players from their 1980 Olympic team, again faced the Soviet Union. The Soviets took the opening round encounter 4–1 in Edmonton. At the 1982 World Championship in Finland, with Mike Ramsey, Mark Johnson, Buzz Schneider, and John Harrington, the Americans again met the Soviets, but once again the U.S. lost, 8–4.

text: Later careers[edit]

text: Of the 20 players on Team USA, 13 eventually played in the NHL.[49] Five of them went on to play over 500 NHL games, and three would play over 1,000 NHL games.

text:
Neal Broten played one more season for the Golden Gophers before moving on to the NHL, and appeared in 1,099 NHL games over 17 seasons, with 992 of them being with the Minnesota North Stars/Dallas Stars franchise. He captained the Stars before being traded midway through the 1994–95 season to the New Jersey Devils. A two-time All-Star, he tallied 923 career points (289 goals, 634 assists), became the first American player to record 100 points in a season, and won a Stanley Cup as a member of the Devils in 1995.[50] Broten had already won the NCAA championship in 1979 at the University of Minnesota; this, combined with the Olympic gold medal in 1980 and the 1995 Cup win (Broten scored the Cup-winning goal in Game 4 as Viacheslav Fetisov, playing for the Red Wings, fell down), made him the first player in the history of the sport to win a championship at the collegiate, professional, and Olympic levels. The Dallas Stars have since retired number 7 for Broten.
Ken Morrow won the Stanley Cup in 1980 as a member of the New York Islanders, becoming the first hockey player to win an Olympic gold medal and the Cup in the same year.[51] He went on to play 550 NHL games and win three more Cups, all with the Islanders.[52] Morrow later worked for the Islanders as Director of Pro Scouting.[53]
Mike Ramsey played in 1,070 games over 18 years. Fourteen of those years were spent with the Buffalo Sabres, with whom he played 911 games and was a five-time All-Star, captaining the team from 1990 to 1992. In 1995, he played in the Stanley Cup Finals while with the Detroit Red Wings, but got swept by Neal Broten and the New Jersey Devils. In 2000, Ramsey became an assistant coach for the Minnesota Wild.[54]
Dave Christian spent 14 years in the NHL, the bulk of them for the original Winnipeg Jets (for whom he served as team captain) and Washington Capitals.[55] In 1990, he played in the Stanley Cup Finals while on the Boston Bruins, but lost in five games to the Edmonton Oilers. He ended his career with 783 points (340 goals, 443 assists) in 1,009 games and made the All-Star team in 1991.[56]
Mark Johnson played for several teams in the NHL before finding a home in New Jersey, tallying 508 career points (203 goals, 305 assists) in 669 games over 11 seasons.[57] Like Christian, Ramsey, and Broten, he became an NHL All-Star (in 1984) and served as team captain with the Hartford Whalers. In 2002 Johnson became the coach of the University of Wisconsin–Madison women's team, leading the Badgers to National Championships in 2006, 2007 (which the Badgers won in the same Lake Placid arena where the Miracle took place), 2009, and 2011. Johnson also served as head coach of the women's ice hockey team that won the silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Jack O'Callahan played 390 NHL regular season games between 1982 and 1989 for the Chicago Blackhawks and New Jersey Devils.
Mark Pavelich played 355 NHL regular season games in the NHL for the New York Rangers, Minnesota North Stars, and San Jose Sharks between 1981 and 1992.
Dave Silk played 249 NHL regular season games for the Boston Bruins, Winnipeg Jets, Detroit Red Wings, and New York Rangers between 1980 and 1985.

tag: ul

text:
Jim Craig appeared in 30 NHL games for the Atlanta Flames, Boston Bruins, and Minnesota North Stars between 1980 and 1984.[58]
Team captain Mike Eruzione did not play any high-level ice hockey after the 1980 Olympics, as he felt that he had accomplished all of his hockey goals with the gold medal win.[59] He did work as a hockey television analyst in the 1980s and 1990s.
Craig Patrick, Brooks' assistant coach and assistant general manager, went on to both manage and coach the New York Rangers and Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL. As a result of his success with the Penguins, who won two Stanley Cups while Patrick was general manager (GM), he was enshrined in the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2002. During that same year, he also served as GM to the Brooks-coached 2002 U.S. hockey team that won the silver medal at the Salt Lake City games.
Herb Brooks, the team coach, coached several NHL teams following the Olympics, with mixed results. He returned to the Olympics as coach of the French team in 1998, the first Olympics in which NHL professionals competed. Brooks then led Team USA to the silver medal in 2002, which included a 2–2 round robin draw and a 3–2 semi-final victory over Russia (the successor to the Soviet Union), the semi-final match coming 22 years to the day after the "Miracle on Ice" game.[60] Brooks died in a car crash near Forest Lake, Minnesota on August 11, 2003 at the age of 66.[61] In 2005, the Olympic Center ice arena in Lake Placid where the Miracle on Ice took place was renamed in his honor.
Al Michaels got the job as play-by-play announcer for ice hockey at Lake Placid because he was the only member of ABC's broadcasting team who had previously called the sport (at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan).[62] Michaels was named "Sportscaster of the Year" in 1980 for his coverage of the event.

text: Soviet aftermath[edit]

text: Silver medal[edit]

text: In the Soviet locker room, Tikhonov singled out first-line players Tretiak, Kharlamov, Petrov, and Mikhailov, and told each of them, "This is your loss!"[63] Two days after the Miracle on Ice, the Soviet team defeated Sweden 9–2, winning the silver medal. The Soviet players were so upset at their loss that they did not turn in their silver medals to get their names inscribed on them, as is custom.[64] The result stunned the Soviet Union and its news media.

text: After 1980 Winter Olympics[edit]

text: Despite the loss, the USSR remained the pre-eminent power in Olympic hockey until its 1991 break-up. The Soviet team did not lose a World Championship game until 1985 and did not lose to the United States again until 1991.[65] Throughout the 1980s, NHL teams continued to draft Soviet players in hopes of enticing them to eventually play in North America. Soviet emigrant Victor Nechayev made a brief appearance with the Los Angeles Kings in the 1982–83 season, and during the 1988–89 season, the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation agreed to let veteran Sergei Pryakhin join the Calgary Flames.[66]

text: In 1989-90, six 1980 Soviet Olympians joined Pryakhin on NHL rosters (see below). Also that year, young Soviet star winger Alexander Mogilny defected to play for the Buffalo Sabres, followed the next year by his linemate, center Sergei Fedorov, who defected to play for the Detroit Red Wings. Then, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a flood of ex-Soviet stars joined the NHL, including winger Pavel Bure (Mogilny and Fedorov's linemate) and defenseman Vladimir Konstantinov. Since then, many of the NHL's top players have come from the post-Soviet states.

text: NHL careers[edit]

text: In the 1989-90 season, six 1980 Soviet Olympians – Helmuts Balderis, Viacheslav Fetisov, Alexei Kasatonov, Vladimir Krutov, Sergei Makarov, and Sergei Starikov – joined NHL clubs. Makarov won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year in 1989-90, becoming the oldest player to win that award.[67] Fetisov was a teammate of Mike Ramsey on the 1995 Detroit Red Wings team that lost the Stanley Cup Final to Neal Broten and the New Jersey Devils. Fetisov completed his career by winning Cups with the Red Wings in 1997 and 1998; the first Cup win also made Fetisov a member of the Triple Gold Club, consisting of individuals who have won a Stanley Cup plus gold medals at the Olympics and World Championships.[68]

text: Notable rematches[edit]

text: The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics at the 1988 games. The Soviets won the first round encounter 7–5. The Soviets went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh.

text: The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5–2. The Unified Team eventually won the gold medal, while the U.S. placed fourth.

text: The U.S. and Russia met twice at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, Americans won both games 5-2 en route to the gold medal.

text: The U.S., coached by Herb Brooks, and Russia, coached by Slava Fetisov, met twice in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, which included a 2–2 round robin draw and a 3–2 semi-final in favor of USA, with the semi-final match coming 22 years to the day after the "Miracle on Ice" game.[60]

text: The two teams met at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey. The U.S. obtained a decisive victory 5-3 in the quarterfinal.

text: The U.S. and Russia played each other in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The round robin game was tied 2–2 after overtime and was won by the Americans in an 8-round shootout, with T.J. Oshie scoring on 4 of 6 attempts for the USA. The match has been dubbed by some as the "Marathon on Ice".[69]

text: Film, television and music[edit]

text: A made-for-TV movie Miracle on Ice, starring Karl Malden as Brooks and Steve Guttenberg as Craig, aired on ABC television in March 1981.[70] It incorporated actual game footage and original commentary from the 1980 Winter Games.

text: The documentary film Do You Believe in Miracles?, narrated by Liev Schreiber, premiered on HBO in February 2001 and was subsequently released on home video.[71]

text: In 2004, Walt Disney Pictures released the film Miracle, starring Kurt Russell as Brooks. Al Michaels recreated his commentary for most of the games. The final ten seconds, however, and his "Do you believe in miracles? YES!" call, were from the original broadcast and used in the film since the filmmakers felt that they could not ask him to recreate the emotion he felt at that moment. The film was dedicated to Herb Brooks, who died shortly after principal photography was completed. The movie was released by Walt Disney Pictures.

text: The documentary Of Miracles And Men, which was directed by Jonathan Hock, premiered on ESPN on February 8, 2015 as part of the channel's 30 for 30 series. The story of the 1980 matchup is told from the Soviet perspective while also branching out to include what happened in the years that immediately followed. Slava Fetisov's return to Lake Placid was focused on heavily, as he takes his daughter Anastasia on the trip to reminisce.[72]

text: Team rosters[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text:
No.

Pos.

Name

Age

Hometown

College

30

G

*Jim Craig

22

North Easton, MA

Boston U.

3

D

*Ken Morrow

23

Flint, MI

Bowling Green

5

D

*Mike Ramsey

19

Minneapolis, MN

Minnesota

10

C

*Mark Johnson

22

Madison, WI

Wisconsin

24

LW

*Rob McClanahan

22

Saint Paul, MN

Minnesota

8

RW

*Dave Silk

21

Scituate, MA

Boston U.

6

D

Bill Baker (A)

22

Grand Rapids, MN

Minnesota

9

C

Neal Broten

20

Roseau, MN

Minnesota

23

D

Dave Christian

20

Warroad, MN

North Dakota

11

RW

Steve Christoff

21

Richfield, MN

Minnesota

21

LW

Mike Eruzione (C)

25

Winthrop, MA

Boston U.

28

RW

John Harrington

22

Virginia, MN

Minnesota-Duluth

1

G

Steve Janaszak

22

Saint Paul, MN

Minnesota

17

D

Jack O'Callahan

22

Charlestown, MA

Boston U.

16

C

Mark Pavelich

21

Eveleth, MN

Minnesota-Duluth

25

LW

Buzz Schneider

25

Grand Rapids, MN

Minnesota

19

RW

Eric Strobel

21

Rochester, MN

Minnesota

20

D

Bob Suter

22

Madison, WI

Wisconsin

27

LW

Phil Verchota

22

Duluth, MN

Minnesota

15

C

Mark Wells

21

St. Clair Shores, MI

Bowling Green

tag: table

text: Soviet Union[edit]

text:
No.

Pos.

Name

Age

Hometown

20

G

*Vladislav Tretiak

27

Orudyevo, Moscow Oblast, Russia

2

D

*Viacheslav Fetisov

21

Moscow, Russia

7

D

*Alexei Kasatonov

20

Leningrad, Russia

16

C

*Vladimir Petrov

32

Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia

17

LW

*Valeri Kharlamov

32

Moscow, Russia

13

RW

*Boris Mikhailov (C)

35

Moscow, Russia

19

RW

Helmuts Balderis

27

Riga, Latvia

14

D

Zinetula Bilyaletdinov

24

Moscow, Russia

23

RW

Aleksandr Golikov

27

Penza, Russia

25

C

Vladimir Golikov

25

Penza, Russia

9

LW

Vladimir Krutov

19

Moscow, Russia

11

RW

Yuri Lebedev

28

Moscow, Russia

24

RW

Sergei Makarov

21

Chelyabinsk, Russia

10

C/RW

Aleksandr Maltsev

30

Kirovo-Chepetsk, Russia

1

G

Vladimir Myshkin

24

Kirovo-Chepetsk, Russia

5

D

Vasili Pervukhin

24

Penza, Russia

26

LW

Aleksandr Skvortsov

25

Gorky, Russia

12

D

Sergei Starikov

21

Chelyabinsk, Russia

6

D

Valeri Vasiliev (A)

30

Gorky, Russia

22

C

Viktor Zhluktov

26

Inta, Russia

text: * Starting line up

text: Box score[edit]

text: February 22, 1980 (1980-02-22)17:00 EST United States4–3(2–2, 0–1, 2–0)Soviet Union Olympic CenterAttendance: 8,500

text: showGame referenceJim CraigGoaliesVladislav Tretiak, Vladimir MyshkinReferee: Karl-Gustav KaislaLinesmen: Nico Toemen François Larochelle0 – 19:12 – Krutov (Kasatonov)Schneider (Pavelich) – 14:031 – 11 – 217:34 – Makarov (Golikov)Johnson (Christian, Silk) – 19:592 – 22 – 322:18 – Maltsev (Krutov) (PP)Johnson (Silk) (PP) – 48:393 – 3Eruzione (Pavelich, Harrington) – 50:004 – 36 minPenalties6 min16Shots39


document_title: Coyle

question_text: where does the last name coyle come from

text: Coyle

text: Coyle is a surname of Irish origin, and may refer to:

text:
Andrew Coyle (contemporary), British law professor and prison official
Bill Coyle (1871–1941), American baseball player
Bill Coyle (born ?), American poet
Brendan Coyle (born 1963), English actor
Brian Coyle (1944–1991), American gay rights activist
Brock Coyle (born 1990)  American Football Player
Charles Delmer Coyle (1887–1954), Canadian politician from Ontario; MP from Elgin 1945–54
Charlie Coyle (born 1992), American ice hockey player
Charlotte Coyle (born 1982), Northern Ireland plus-size model
Cleo Coyle or Alice Alfonsi, American author
Colm Coyle (born 1965), Irish Gaelic football player and manager
Craig Coyle (born 1980), Scottish footballer
Dallas Coyle (contemporary), American guitarist
Denise Coyle (born 1953), American politician from New Jersey; state legislator since 2008
Diane Coyle (born 1961), English economist
Eric Coyle (born 1963), American football player
Fay Coyle (1933–2007), Northern Ireland football player
Frank Coyle (1886–1947), American Olympic track and field athlete
Harold Coyle (born 1952), American author of war novels (Team Yankee)
Henry Coyle (boxer) (born 1987), Irish boxer
Henry Coyle (politician) (died 1979), Irish army officer and politician; TD for Mayo North
Iain Coyle (born 1968), British TV presenter and producer
James Coyle (rugby league) (born 1985), English rugby league player
James Coyle (1873–1921), American Roman Catholic priest
Joey Coyle (1953–1993), American longshoreman who found $1.2 million that had fallen from an armored car
John Coyle (born 1932), Scottish football player
John Coyle (speed skater) (born 1968), American speed skater
Liam Coyle (born 1968), Northern Ireland football player
Marion Coyle (born 1954), Irish member of the Provisional IRA
Mark Coyle (athletics director), Syracuse University
Mark Coyle (contemporary), British music producer
Mark J. Coyle (c. 1965–2007), American political consultant
Matt Coyle (born 1971), English-born Australian artist and novelist
Michael Coyle (American Composer) (born 1957), American composer
Michael Coyle (politician) (born 1948), Northern Ireland nationalist politician; member of the Northern Ireland Assembly 2002
Nadine Coyle (born 1985), Irish pop singer
Owen Coyle (born 1966), Scottish-born football player playing for Ireland
Pat Coyle (lacrosse) (born 1969), Canadian lacrosse player
Pat Coyle (basketball) (contemporary), American basketball coach
Reg Coyle (born 1917), Australian Australian Rules Footballer
Richard Coyle (died 1738), English pirate
Richard Coyle (born 1972), English actor
Robert Everett Coyle (1930-2012), United States federal judge
Robert J. Coyle, American Roman Catholic bishop
Ronnie Coyle (born 1964), Scottish football player
Rose Coyle (1914–1988), American beauty queen; Miss America 1936
Ross Coyle (born 1937), American football player
Roy Coyle (born 1946), Northern Ireland football player and coach
Scott Coyle (born 1967) Certified Public Accountant and entrepreneur
Susan Coyle (born 1957) Psychiatric nurse and health care executive
T. Thorn Coyle (born 1965), American neopaganist author
Thomas Coyle (rugby league) (born 1988), English rugby league player
Thomas Coyle (accused of murder) (fl. 1871), Canadian acquitted of the murder of George Campbell
Tim Coyle (born 1960), Australian cricketer
Tommy Coyle (born 1989), British professional boxer
Tony Coyle (born 1976), South African footballer
William R. Coyle (1878–1962), American politician from Pennsylvania; U.S. representative 1925–33

text:
Eddie Coyle, protagonist of the novel and film The Friends of Eddie Coyle
Malcolm Coyle, character on the American television series Oz

text: Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Coyle. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: Surnames

text: Articles with short descriptionAll set index articles


document_title: Wizards of Waverly Place

question_text: where was the wizards of waverly place filmed

text: Wizards of Waverly Place

text: Premise[edit]

text: Wizards of Waverly Place chronicles the adventures of the Russo Family. The Russos live on Waverly Place in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, above a sandwich shop which they own and run. The family consists of siblings Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max (Jake T. Austin). The three teenagers are wizards and live with their Italian father, Jerry (David DeLuise), a former family wizard, and their mortal Mexican mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera). When the Russo siblings complete their wizard training, they have to participate in a competition to decide who will become the Family Wizard (the one to keep his/her magical powers forever) of their generation, while the others lose their powers and become mortals. Because of this, Jerry tries to teach his children to not become dependent on magic. Since one of them gets to keep their powers, though, Jerry also gives his children wizard lessons (the lessons end mid Season four). The storage room of the Russo family's sub station is a wizard's lair. In the lair is a Portal which allows them to visit the wizard world, and other creatures to visit them. The headmaster of the wizard council, Professor Crumbs (Ian Abercrombie), regularly pays visits to the Russo home.

text: The Russo siblings attend Tribeca Preparatory School and constantly encounter their Old West style principal, Mr. Laritate (Bill Chott). Because they live in the mortal world, the Russos are required to keep the existence of wizardry a secret. Even so, Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle (Jennifer Stone), discovers the secret in Season 2's episode "Harper Knows". Justin's best friend, Zeke Beakerman (Dan Benson), also finds out in Season 4's episode "Zeke Finds Out", along with Alex's boyfriend, Mason Greyback (Gregg Sulkin), who is a werewolf and Justin's girlfriend, Juliet van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler), who is a vampire.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Selena Gomez as Alex Russo
David Henrie as Justin Russo
Jake T. Austin as Max Russo
Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dan Benson as Ezekiel "Zeke" Beakerman (seasons 1–4)
Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs (seasons 1–4)
Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate (seasons 1–4)
Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo (seasons 1–3)
Paulie Litt as Frankie/Joey (seasons 1–3)
Josh Sussman as Hugh Normous (seasons 1–2, 4)
Amanda Tepe as security guard, information desk lady, museum security guard and hot dog vendor(seasons 1–2)
Skyler Samuels as Gertrude "Gigi" Hollingsworth (seasons 1–2)
Lucy Hale as Miranda Hampson (season 1)
Bridgit Mendler as Juliet van Heusen (seasons 2–4)
Daniel Samonas as Dean Moriarty (seasons 2 and 4)
Andy Kindler as Chancellor Rudy Tootietootie (seasons 3–4)
Gregg Sulkin as Mason Greyback (seasons 3–4)
Moisés Arias as Conscience (season 3)
Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols (season 3)
Kari Wahlgren as Helen (season 4)
Bailee Madison as Maxine Russo (season 4)
Frank Pacheco as Felix (season 4)
Leven Rambin as Rosie (season 4)
John Rubinstein as Gorog (season 4)
Fred Stoller as Dexter (season 4)
Cameron Sanders as Nelvis (season 4)
McKaley Miller as Talia Robinson (season 4)

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
21
October 12, 2007 (2007-10-12)
August 31, 2008 (2008-08-31)

2
30
September 12, 2008 (2008-09-12)
August 21, 2009 (2009-08-21)

Film
August 28, 2009 (2009-08-28)

3
28
October 9, 2009 (2009-10-09)
October 15, 2010 (2010-10-15)

4
27
November 12, 2010 (2010-11-12)
January 6, 2012 (2012-01-06)

Special
March 15, 2013 (2013-03-15)

text: Crossover with The Suite Life on Deck and Hannah Montana[edit]

text: The episode "Cast-Away (To Another Show)" is the first part of a three-way crossover that continues on The Suite Life on Deck and concludes on Hannah Montana. Justin takes Alex and Max on a cruise to Hawaii aboard the SS Tipton when he wins tickets. He pretends to be a doctor to impress London Tipton while Alex uses magic to bring Harper on the ship. During the cruise, Alex pulls a prank on Justin that turns him blue while Hannah Montana boards the ship to attend a concert in Hawaii, leading Cody to try to get tickets for himself and Bailey.

text: Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie[edit]

text: The Disney Channel Original Movie, based on the series, premiered on August 28, 2009 on Disney Channel. Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie was filmed in Puerto Rico in the caribe Hilton hotel, Los Angeles, and New York City from February 16 to March 27, 2009.[4] The movie received 11.4 million viewers on its premiere,[5] making it the second-most-viewed DCOM premiere in the US after High School Musical 2. It was the seventh-most-watched basic cable telecast in 2009.[6] It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 for "Outstanding Children's Program".

text: Series finale[edit]

text: On Friday, January 6, 2012, Wizards of Waverly Place aired its one-hour series finale, "Who Will Be The Family Wizard?", which averaged nearly 10 million viewers (9.8 million; live+same day)[7] to up to 11.3 million.[8] Although it was not the series' most-watched special, being behind Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, and Cast Away (To Another Show), it was the most-watched finale for a Disney Channel Original Series.[9]

text: Excluding the crossover programming special, it was the franchise's most-watched episode.[9] The closer also set series best among kids 6–11 (4.2 million) and teens 9–14 (3.8 million). It also obtained a solid 1.9 rating with adults 18–49.[10] Notably, the finale is the current TV season's most-watched cable telecast among scripted programs.[9]

text: The show ended with Alex becoming the family wizard, Justin being declared new Headmaster of WizTech (also keeping his wizard powers), and Max getting to run the sub shop.

text: The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex[edit]

text: On September 27, 2012, Disney Channel announced that Wizards of Waverly Place would return for an hour-long special, that began production on October 22, 2012, and ended production on November 10, 2012, for a premiere telecast on the cable channel in early 2013. The special, executive-produced by Selena Gomez, alongside series executive producers Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio (who also co-wrote the special with Dan Berendsen), centers on the Russos', Mason, and Harper's visit to Italy to meet long-lost relatives from Jerry's side of the family. In an attempt to prove to her family that she's not merely a carefree wizard, Alex inadvertently casts a spell that creates two versions of her with differing personalities: an evil version of Alex that ends up involved in another wizard's (Dominic) plan for world domination, and a good version who upon discovering the wizard's plan, tries to find a way to save her family and mankind, leading to a literal battle between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa.[1][2] The film is titled The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex and premiered on March 15, 2013.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: This series was created and as produced by Todd J. Greenwald, who began developing the show after working as a writer and consulting producer during the first season of Hannah Montana. The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions and Disney Channel Original Productions. The theme song, "Everything Is Not What It Seems", written by John Adair and Steve Hampton, is of techno-pop style and is performed by Selena Gomez. The series was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California.[12]

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: For the first three seasons the show used the same title sequence which is set to Selena Gomez's rendition of "Everything Is Not What It Seems"; it shows Alex, Justin, Max and Harper engaging in magical antics while preparing for school in the morning. The fourth season began using a slightly altered version of the song, and a different sequence involving the cast, who all appear in Times Square at the end of the sequence with Alex waving her wand.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The show debuted on Disney Channel on October 12, 2007 after the premiere of Twitches Too, gathering 5.9 million viewers.[13] In January 2010, "Wizards vs. Werewolves" one-hour special episode became the series' most-watched (non-crossover) episode with 6.2 million viewers,[14] surpassing the 6 million viewers of "Paint By Committee" episode[15] The series' most watched episode, including crossovers, was "Cast-Away (To Another Show)" episode, which was included in the special trilogy of crossover episodes between three Disney Channel original sitcoms, Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana. The broadcast was watched by 10.6 million viewers. In 2009, the series was the top scripted telecast for teens between the age of 9–14 (1.63 million/6.7 rating) and second in kids 6–11 (1.81 million/7.4 rating), which was only slightly behind The Suite Life on Deck (1.82 million/7.4 rating.)[16]

text:
Ratings table

Season
Network
Timeslot
First aired
Last aired
No. of
episodes
Most watched episode

Title
Viewers
(in millions)

1
Disney Channel
Fridays, 8/7c
October 12, 2007
August 31, 2008
21
"Crazy 10-Minute Sale"
5.9[13]

2
September 12, 2008
August 21, 2009
30
"Cast-Away (To Another Show)"
9.3[17]

3
October 9, 2009
October 15, 2010
28
"Wizards vs. Werewolves"
6.3[18]

4
November 12, 2010
January 6, 2012
27
"Who Will Be the Family Wizard"
9.8[19]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show aired worldwide on Disney Channel. It premiered on October 12, 2007 in Pakistan. In Australia it premiered on October 19, 2007 and it also aired on Seven Network starting on October 4, 2008. It premiered on the same date in New Zealand and first aired on FOUR on February 4, 2009. It premiered on October 26, 2007 on Family in Canada. In the United Kingdom, it started airing on November 4, 2007 and it also airs on Channel 5. It premiered on November 3, 2007 in Ireland and also aired on TRTÉ. It premiered in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines on March 9, 2008. It first aired in India and Bangladesh on May 5, 2008. In South Africa it premiered on June 22, 2008.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album for the hit Disney Channel Original Series of the same name. The album was released as a physical CD, enhanced CD and digital on August 4, 2009, under Walt Disney Records.[20][21][22][23] The album includes songs from and inspired by the TV series and Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie.[23][24]

text: In response to the soundtrack, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic recognized Wizards for its "teen revamps of boomer classics that parents can enjoy too". He also stated that the album is "agreeable" and that Selena Gomez "inevitably stands out from the pack". However, Erlewine said: "the dang-awful version of America's "You Can Do Magic" by Drew Seeley is sunk by its hyper-claustrophobic rhythms, the biggest rearrangement of a tune here and easily the worst cut."[22]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the series was released in August 2009.[25]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Compilations[edit]

text:
Name
Episodes
Region 1
Region 2
DVD extras

Wizards of Waverly Place: Wizard School
Wizard School Part 1, Wizard School Part 2, Curb Your Dragon, Disenchanted Evening
July 29, 2008[26]
TBA
Work It Like a Wizard – Selena, Jake and David's favorite things to do.

Wizards of Waverly Place: Supernaturally Stylin'
Credit Check, Smarty Pants, Beware Wolf, Graphic Novel[27]
February 10, 2009[28]
TBA
Fashionista Presto Chango! – Go behind the scenes with the stars for some wardrobe magic!

Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana
Cast-Away (To Another Show) (Wizards), "Double Crossed" (Suite Life), "Super(stitious) Girl" (Hannah Montana)
September 22, 2009[29]
TBA
Justin's Award Winning Essay – It's A Suite Life Having Fun With Hannah & The Wizards

The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex
TV Special
June 25, 2013[30]
TBA
"Who Will Be the Family Wizard?" – Bonus Episode

text: Season releases[edit]

text:
Name
Episodes
Region 2
Region 4
DVD extras

Season 1: Volume 1: Work It Like a Wizard
Crazy 10-Minutes Sale, First Kiss, I Almost Drowned in a Chocolate Fountain, New Employee, Disenchanted Evening, You Can't Always Get What You Carpet, Alex's Choice
October 5, 2009[31]
March 3, 2010[32]
Work It Like a Wizard – Selena, Jake and David's favorite things to do.

Season 1: Volume 2: Magic Training
Curb Your Dragon, Movies, Pop Me and We Both Go Down, Potion Commotion, Justin's Little Sister, Wizard School Part 1, Wizard School Part 2
October 5, 2009[33]
June 2, 2010[34]
Casting A Spell

Season 1: Volume 3: Stylin' Powers
The Supernatural, Alex in the Middle, Report Card, Credit Check, Alex's Spring Fling, Quinceanera, Art Museum Piece
October 5, 2009[35]
August 2010[36]
Fashionista Presto Chango! – Go behind the scenes with the stars for some wardrobe magic!

text: The show's complete first season was released on September 10, 2009 in Germany,[37] on October 1, 2009 in Spain,[38] on March 3, 2010 in France and on March 12, 2010 in Poland.[39]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2008
ALMA Award
Outstanding Male Performance in a Comedy Television Series
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[40][41]

Outstanding Female Performance in a Comedy Television Series
Selena Gomez
Nominated[40][41]

Maria Canals Barrera
Nominated[40][41]

Young Artist Award
Best Young Ensemble Performance in a TV Series
Selena Gomez
David Henrie
Jennifer Stone
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[42]

Imagen Award
Best Actress – Television
Selena Gomez
Nominated[43]

Best Supporting Actress – Television
Maria Canals Barrera
Nominated[43]

Directors Guild of America
Best Director in Children’s Programs
Fred Savage (Episode The Crazy 10 Minute Sale)
Nominated[44]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Ruth Lambert and Robert McGee
Nominated[45]

2009
2009 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Selena Gomez
Won[46]

2009 Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Fave International TV Star
Selena Gomez
Nominated[47][48]

ALMA Award
Actor in Television – Comedy
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[49][50]

Actress in Television – Comedy
Selena Gomez
Won[50]

Maria Canals Barrera
Nominated[49][50]

Behind The Scenes
Peter Murrieta
Nominated[49][50]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress
Selena Gomez
Nominated[51]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actor
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[51]

Imagen Award
Best Actress – Television
Selena Gomez
Nominated[52]

Best Supporting Actress – Television
Maria Canals Barrera
Nominated[52]

NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special
Selena Gomez
Nominated[53][54]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Sidekick
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[55][56]

Primetime Emmy
Outstanding Children's Program
Wizards of Waverly Place
Won[57]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Ruth Lambert and Robert McGee
Won[58]

2010
2010 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Selena Gomez
Won[59]

Favorite TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[59][60]

2010 Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Fave TV Star
Selena Gomez
Won[61]

Fave TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[61][62]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actor
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[63]

NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special
Selena Gomez
Nominated[64][65]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Selena Gomez
Won[66]

Choice TV Show: Comedy
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[66][67]

Primetime Emmy
Outstanding Children's Program
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[68]

Hollywood Teen TV Awards
Teen Pick Actor: Comedy
Gregg Sulkin
Nominated[69]

British Academy Children's Awards
BAFTA Kid's Vote: TV
Wizards of Waverly Place
Won[70]

Gracie Allen Awards
Outstanding Female Rising Star in a Comedy Series
Selena Gomez
Won[71]

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Female Personality
Selena Gomez
Nominated[72][73]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Ruth Lambert and Robert McGee
Nominated[74]

Shanghai Television Festival
Magnolia Award for Best Television Film or Miniseries
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated

2011
2011 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Selena Gomez
Won[75]

Favorite TV Sidekick
David Henrie
Nominated[75][76]

Favorite TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[75][76]

2011 Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Fave TV Star
Selena Gomez
Won[77]

Fave TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Won[77]

ALMA Award
Favorite TV Actress – Leading Role in a Comedy
Selena Gomez
Nominated[78][79]

Favorite TV Actress – Supporting Role
Maria Canals Barrera
Won[79]

Favorite TV Series
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[78][79]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series – Guest Starring Young Actress 11–15
Bella Thorne
Nominated[80]

Imagen Award
Best Young Actress/Television
Selena Gomez
Won[81]

Best Supporting Actress/Television
Maria Canals Barrera
Nominated[81]

NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Performance in a Youth/Children's Program – Series or Special
Selena Gomez
Nominated[82]

Outstanding Children's Program
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[82]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Selena Gomez
Won[83]

Choice TV Show: Comedy
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[83][84]

Primetime Emmy
Outstanding Children's Program
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[85]

Outstanding Cinematography For A Multi-Camera Series
Rick Frank Gunter (Episode Dancing With Angels)
Nominated[86]

Youth Rocks Awards
Rockin' Ensemble Cast (TV/Comedy)
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[87][88]

Rockin' Sidekick (TV/Film)
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[87][89]

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[90][91]

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina
Favorite TV International Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[92][93]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series
Ruth Lambert and Robert McGee
Nominated[94]

2012
2012 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Selena Gomez
Won[95]

Favorite TV Sidekick
Jennifer Stone
Nominated[95]

Favorite TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[95]

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress 17–21
Bridgit Mendler
Nominated[96]

Best Performance in a TV Series – Guest Starring Young Actor 14–17
LJ Benet
Nominated[96]

Imagen Award
Best Young Actress/Television
Selena Gomez
Nominated[97][98]

NAACP Image Award
Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series
Vince Cheung and Ben Montanio
Nominated[99][100]

Primetime Emmy
Outstanding Children's Program
Wizards of Waverly Place
Won[101]

Hollywood Teen TV Awards
Favorite Television Actress
Selena Gomez
Nominated[102]

Favorite Television Actor
Jake T. Austin
Won[103]

Favorite Television Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Won[104]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Ruth Lambert y Robert McGee
Won[105]

2013
2013 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Selena Gomez
Won[106]

Favorite TV Actor
Jake T. Austin
Nominated[106]

Favorite TV Show
Wizards of Waverly Place
Nominated[106]

Imagen Awards
Best Actress/Television
Selena Gomez
Nominated[107]

Best Children’s Programming
The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex
Nominated[107]


document_title: Iceland (supermarket)

question_text: how many stores does iceland have in the uk

text: Iceland (supermarket)

text: History[edit]

text: Iceland began business in 1970, when Malcolm Walker opened the first store in Leg Street, Oswestry, Shropshire, England, with his business partner Peter Hinchcliffe investing £59 for one month's rent at the store.[2] Walker chose the name as he was a family friend of the recently deposed Icelandic Prime Minister Hermann Jónasson.[3] They were still employees of Woolworths at the time, and their employment was terminated once their employer discovered their job on the side. Iceland initially specialised in loose frozen food.[3] By 1977 they opened a new store in Manchester selling own labelled packaged food, and by 1978 it had 28 stores to its name.[4]

text: In 1983, the business grew by purchasing the 18 stores of Bristol based St. Catherine's Freezer Centres, and in 1984 the business went public for the first time.[4] The cash investment was used to purchase South East based Orchard Frozen Foods in 1986, and the purchase of larger rival Bejam in 1988. In 1993 Iceland took over the food halls of the Littlewoods department store and also acquired the French Au Gel chain. The latter move proved unsuccessful and the stores were dropped within a year.[3]

text: In 1996, seven stores were opened in Dublin and one in Letterkenny. They all closed down in 2005 owing to financial difficulties. The supermarket also attempted ties with British Home Stores.[5] In May 2000, Iceland merged with Booker plc with Booker's Stuart Rose taking the role of CEO of the merged company.[6] He left for the Arcadia Group in November 2000[7] and was replaced by Bill Grimsey in January 2001.[8]

text: Soon after Grimsey's appointment, Malcolm Walker, Iceland's founder and chairman, was forced to stand down as it was revealed that he had sold £13.5 million of Iceland shares five weeks before the company released the first of several profits warnings.[9][10] Walker was fully cleared of these allegations in October 2004.[11]

text: Iceland's holding company was renamed the Big Food Group in February 2002,[12] and attempted a refocus on the convenience sector with a bid for Londis.[13] Grimsey remained until the takeover and demerger of the Big Food Group by a consortium led by the Icelandic company, Baugur Group in February 2005.[citation needed] Walker returned to his previous role at Iceland.[12] Iceland's website has a page critical of Grimsey's period in control.[14]

text: After Baugur Group collapsed in 2009, a 77% stake in Iceland came into the ownership of the Icelandic banks Landsbanki and Glitnir.[citation needed] In 2012 the stake was purchased by a consortium including Malcolm Walker and Graham Kirkham.[15]

text: Since Malcolm Walker's return to the company, Iceland has reduced the workforce by 500 jobs at the Deeside head office, with approximately 300 jobs moved in September as a result of a relocation of a distribution warehouse from Deeside to Warrington.[citation needed] During July 2006, 300 workers took industrial action with the support of their union, blocking several lorries from entering the depot. Despite this, the transfer to Warrington took place and the new warehouse was later outsourced to DHL in April 2007.[citation needed]

text: In November 2008, Iceland re-entered the Irish market, when it reopened a store in Ballyfermot in Dublin, after Iceland agreed a franchise deal with an Irish cash and carry company, AIM,[16] and in November 2009 a second store reopened in Finglas, Dublin. A third opened on the Navan Road in September 2010. A fourth store opened in the Ilac Centre in Dublin in November 2010. There are now ten Iceland stores in Ireland.[17]

text: In January 2009, Iceland announced that it would buy 51 stores in the UK from the failed Woolworths Group chain, three days after the final 200 Woolworths stores closed their doors for the last time.[18] In April 2009, Iceland announced plans to close its appliance showrooms by September 2009 to concentrate on food retailing.[19] Iceland's sales for the year ended 27 March 2009 were £2.08 billion, a 16% increase on the previous year, with net profits of £113.7 million.[20] An additional Iceland store opened in Dudley town centre on 2 December 2010 in part of the former Beatties department store, 21 years after their initial departure from the town.[21]

text: Iceland also operates stores in Spain and Portugal, in conjunction with Spanish-based retailer Overseas. The stores stock Iceland products as well as Waitrose's.[22] On 28 July 2012 Iceland opened a store in Kópavogur, Iceland.[23] Today Iceland operates 3 24/7 stores located in Kópavogur and the capital Reykjavík.[24] Sandpiper CI has five Iceland franchise supermarkets in Jersey and two in Guernsey.[25]

text: In 2013, two labs, one in Ireland and another in Germany, on behalf of the Irish state agency FSAI, identified 0.1% equine DNA in some Iceland products. Malcolm Walker caused controversy when on a BBC Panorama programme (18 February 2013) he was asked why the products had passed British tests but failed the Irish ones. He replied, "Well, that's the Irish, isn't it?".[26]

text: On 25 November 2013, Iceland acquired seven Irish stores which were previously franchised.[27] On 27 November, Iceland began selling appliances online again in partnership with DRL Limited.[28] In May 2014, Iceland reintroduced online shopping, which was dropped in 2007.[29]

text: Promotions[edit]

text: The company has more recently made large scale changes its promotions. In the past "Buy One Get One Free" and Meal Deals (a selection of products for a set price) were common in stores. These have now been reduced and replaced with products offering bigger packs at the original prices. The pricing system has also been changed with many products having their prices rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 25p, this is known as Clear Cut Prices.

text: 2006 also saw a huge surge in 'Home Delivery' promotion. This service is now one of the main focuses of the company. When a customer spends £20[30] or more whilst shopping in store, they have the option of free same-day or next-day home delivery, from available time slots. Customers can also shop online and receive free home delivery if they spend more than £35 online.

text: On 6 October 2008, Iceland launched the "Bonus Card", a loyalty card and replacement for the original home delivery card. It allows customers to save money onto the card, with Iceland putting £1 onto the card each time a customer saves £25, and also gives occasional discounts, offers, and entry to competitions, including their main competition, which is that each month one Bonus Card holder from every store wins the entire cost of their shop for free.[31]

text: As of January 2016, Iceland discontinued the selling of saving stamps at their stores, instead redirecting people to save money onto their Bonus Cards instead.

text: Identity and marketing[edit]

text: Iceland historically advertised with the slogan "Mums Love It", which was changed to "Are we doing a deal or are we doing a deal?" and "Feel the deal" in the early 2000s. From the mid-2000s new ads featuring Kerry Katona saw a return to a slogan more traditionally associated with Iceland – "So that's why mums go to Iceland!" Katona was dropped as the face of Iceland in 2009, after a tabloid newspaper published pictures allegedly showing her taking cocaine.[32] She was succeeded by Coleen Nolan, Ellie Taylor,[33] Stacey Solomon and Jason Donovan, who has also frequently appeared in the company's Christmas advert campaigns. Peter Andre is the current face of Iceland.[34] The current main tagline is the truncated "That's why mums go to Iceland". Store fronts also bear the tagline "food you can trust", and carrier bags in stores bear the tagline "the frozen food experts". Since May 2015, the TV adverts have used the tagline and hashtag of "Power Of Frozen" [35] and are fronted and voiced over by Peter Andre, explaining the benefits of frozen products.

text: When the chain bought rival Bejam in 1989, they launched the TV-advertising campaign "Use Our Imagination," which included a song. The campaign was launched so quickly after the takeover that they had no time to convert all Bejam stores to the "Iceland" fascia. Because of this in the song for the commercial featured the line "We're at Bejam's too..."

text: In 2013, Iceland stores appeared in a BBC documentary called Iceland Foods: Life in The Freezer Cabinet.

text: Iceland was the main sponsor of the ITV reality TV show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! from its sixth series in 2006 until its fourteenth series in 2014.

text: Iceland Foods holds a Europe-wide trademark for the word "Iceland". It has pursued legal action against Icelandic companies which use the word "Iceland" in their trading names. Although the government of Iceland has sought to find a solution to this issue, negotiations have reportedly been unsuccessful. In November 2016, the Icelandic government filed a legal challenge at the European Union Intellectual Property Office to have the company's trademark invalidated "on the basis that the term ‘Iceland’ is exceptionally broad and ambiguous in definition, often rendering the country’s firms unable to describe their products as Icelandic".[1]

text: In 2014 they announced a sub brand for their stores, Food Warehouse.[36]

text: Store locations[edit]

text:
Country
Number of stores

 United Kingdom
800 +

 Spain
14

 Ireland
12

 Jersey
6[37]

 Czech Republic
6[38]

 Iceland
3[39]

 Guernsey
3[37]

 Malta
1[40]

 Portugal
1

 Libya
1