document_title: Naruto: Shippuden (season 15)

question_text: what episode does sasuke and itachi fight kabuto

text: Naruto: Shippuden (season 15)

text: Episode listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

321
"Reinforcements Arrive"
"Zōen tōchaku" (増援到着)
July 18, 2013

As the White Zetsu Army clones continue to wreak havoc on all the battlefields, the Allied Shinobi Forces struggle to find a way to cope with the situation until Naruto Uzumaki arrives. Elsewhere, the Feudal Lord Protection Squad continue their battle with Black Zetsu. Eventually Naruto's shadow clones arrive on all the battlefields, and the Alliance slowly retakes the upper-hand on the battlefield. As reports come into HQ of Naruto's part in turning the tides of the war back in their favor, Tsunade smugly gestures to A who solemnly dismisses her. The Sensor Division is asked to check on Madara's status and Ao reveals that he had started to move with a team of reincarnated jinchūriki. Meanwhile where the remainder of the Fourth Division is located, Kabuto puts his trump card into play as he uses Mū to summon the coffin holding it. After Mū dodges the coffin being blown off, with a sensor amongst the Alliance alerting them to a new enemy, Ōnoki recognizes the figure to be Madara Uchiha himself. Believing their enemy to have finally entered the fray, Gaara's revelation that Madara is a reanimated ninja causes confusion as Temari reveals the masked man who called himself Madara is seen elsewhere with a personal army of reanimated Jinchuriki.

322
"Madara Uchiha"
"Uchiha Madara" (うちはマダラ)
July 25, 2013

Though believing he was resurrected, Madara learns he was brought back with the Reanimation jutsu instead as Kabuto takes control over Mū's body and explains to the Uchiha that he has been made stronger than during his prime. With that, learning of the changes that occurred after his death, Madara pushes forward and takes down a large portion of the Fourth Division with his Susanoo. However, when Gaara, Onoki and Naruto attempt to take him down, Madara reveals himself to have the Rinnegan as it confirmed Kabuto's hypothesis that Madara actually died sometime after the events that created the Valley of the End. Madara then wipes a fraction of the Fourth Division with his Shattered Heaven attack despite Onoki stopping one of the two summoned meteorites, attempting to summon the Nine-Tails before learning that the tailed beast is sealed within Naruto. Madara then proceeds to reveal that he possesses Hashirama's cells by using the First Hokage's Secret Wood Style Jutsu: Deep Forest Emergence, leaving Naruto and the other surviving shinobi of the Fourth Division in shock.

323
"The Five Kage Assemble"
"Gokage Shūketsu...!!" (五影集結...!!)
August 1, 2013

As Onoki and the remaining Fourth Division members tackle both Madara and Mū, Tsunade and A make preparations of heading to Madara's location in a very risky gambit with Mabui's Heavenly Transfer Jutsu, which would likely kill them as it is meant for transporting objects. However, Tsunade decides to take the gamble using her Reverse Seal: Release. Shikaku telepathically communicates to Genma to have him, Raidō and Iwashi to perform the Flying Raijin Justu to transport Mei to Madara's location as well after Black Zetsu is kept at bay by Naruto long enough for Chojuro to defeat the inhuman being. When the other Kage arrive at the battlefield, Tsunade heals Gaara and Onoki while A and Mei engage Madara as Dodai and the Hokage Guard Platoon chase after the Kabuto-controlled Mū. Once healed, the two saving A and Mei from their enemy's Yasaka Magatama, Gaara holds Madara at bay while Onoki joins the Kage under the cover of Mei's Hiding in Mist Jutsu to use a jutsu that effects A's weight so he can knock Mū and Madara a distance away. Though Naruto wants to help, Tsunade tells the boy that they will deal with Madara while he goes after the "other Madara". As the clone disperses, the Kage leave him one word: "win".

324
"The Unbreakable Mask and the Shattered Bubble"
"Warenai Kamen — Wareta Shabondama" (割れない仮面・割れたシャボン玉)
August 8, 2013

As a Naruto clone disappears, the real Naruto comes face to face with the masked man and attempts to headbutt the mask. As the masked man readies his reincarnated Jinchuriki, Naruto recognises one of the jutsu. In a fantasy world, Naruto meets with a reincarnated Utakata, who reveals what became of him after he left Tsuchigumo village. After the conversation, the reanimated Jinchūriki use various jutsus to attack Naruto and Killer Bee. When Naruto mentions the real Madara, telling the youth to call him "Madara" or Tobi if he likes, the masked man proclaims that his identity is pointless and that all he cares for the completion of the Eye of the Moon Plan. Tobi explains the world is worthless and that both Naruto and Bee should understand the misery it holds better than anyone else. However, Naruto admits his life with a Tailed Beast inside him isn't that bad while calling Tobi a liar and vowing to unmask him. However, as each of the reanimated Jinchuriki grows a tail, Tobi declares he will capture Naruto and Bee to fulfill his plan.

325
"Jinchūriki vs. Jinchūriki!!"
"Jinchūriki VS Jinchūriki!!" (人柱力VS人柱力!!)
August 15, 2013

After he and Naruto learn that the captive Tailed Beasts have been resealed into their Jinchuriki, Killer Bee makes the first move by attacking Fu but he and Naruto learn the reanimated Jinchuriki are able to use the coordination of the Rinnegan's Six Paths of Pain in conjunction with the Sharingan's increased reaction time. As Naruto attempts to destroy the Chakra receivers, Bee transforms into Gyuki to level the forest while knocking down the other Jinchuriki. However, the reanimated Jinchuriki strike back with Han transforming into the Five-Tails while the others attack Naruto. Though Tobi attempts to use Kamui on Naruto to increase the odds in his favor, his plot is foiled by Kakashi Hatake and Guy arriving in the nick of time. Though Tobi tells them that they still have no chance against his eyes and Tailed Beasts, Kakashi states his Sharingan while Guy adds his notability as Konoha's Sublime Green Beast of Prey.

326
"Four Tails, the King of Sage Monkeys"
"Yonbi — Sen'en no Ō" (四尾・仙猿の王)
August 22, 2013

After killing White Zetsu using his Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan's Susanoo, Sasuke Uchiha sets off to destroy Konoha. Back at the battlefield, as Kakashi and Guy learn that Tobi is using a large amount of chakra to assert full control over the Tailed Beasts, they hear the voice of the Five Tails as Tobi subjugates the creature. Voicing his disdain for humans' treatment of them, the Nine Tails recaps his own subjugation under Madara and then by the Uzumaki Clan from Hashirama's wife Mito to Naruto's mother Kushina. After being swallowed by Roshi after he fully transformed into the Four Tails, Naruto meets the Tailed Beast himself, who insists that he be called by his actual name: Son Goku. After brief discussion about the humans' treatment of the Tailed Beasts, upon which Naruto learned the Nine-Tailed Fox's true name is Kurama, Son sees Naruto to be an exception. Wanting to know if Naruto's desire to aid him and the other Tailed Beasts would not waver, Son asks the youth to free him from his chains.

327
"Nine Tails"
"Kyūbi" (九尾)
August 29, 2013

Before revealing the method by which to stop him, Son verbally states his distrust of Naruto especially after Jinchuriki have mistreated him in the past. As the Nine Tailed Fox listens to their dialogue, he relates to Son's distrust after he himself was simply used and sealed by many ninja in the past. Losing himself into thought, the Nine-Tails recalls how he sought to weaken Minato's Eight-Trigram seal and hence free himself by influencing Naruto with his own chakra on many occasions. Eventually after experiencing many trials and battles, Naruto frees himself from his own hatred with Killer Bee's help and successfully takes control of the Nine-Tails' chakra, leaving the latter to ponder just what type of person Naruto actually is.

328
"Kurama"
"Kurama" (九喇嘛)
August 29, 2013

With the battle receding at their end, Sakura Haruno and Shizune depart to assist Naruto and Bee. Elsewhere, realizing that Naruto is inside the Four-Tails, Tobi tries absorbing them both, although Naruto exits the Four-Tails' body by having him regurgitate due to his Multi-Shadow Clone Technique. Inside his subconscious, Son reveals to Naruto that the chakra rod is stuck at the base of his neck while in Tailed-Beast form and Naruto locates and starts pulling it out, with resistance from Tobi. Silently observing all that transpires, Kurama recalls Naruto's past achievements by his willingness to never give up and accepts that if Naruto truly wishes to help the Tailed-Beasts from the bottom of his heart, then as he always has, his actions would speak far louder than his words. Finally, Naruto uses a clone in Sage Mode he left inside the Four-Tails' body to find the exact spot the rod is located in relation to its position outside and uses Frog Strike to successfully push the rod out of the Four-Tails.

329
"Two-Man Team"
"Tsū Man Seru" (ツーマンセル)
September 5, 2013

Though he succeeds in freeing Son Goku from Tobi's control, receiving a gift from the Four Tails for his compassion, Naruto is upset upon learning the Tailed Beast is still bound to the Gedo Statue. Once Son is sealed back into the Gedo Statue, Tobi has all the other Jinchūriki fully transform into their Tailed Beasts for an all out attack. Silently proud of Naruto's victory of winning Son over, Kurama offers to lend the youth more power. Though annoyed of being thanked for helping Naruto during his encounter with Madara, Kurama suggests melding their chakra together. Declaring Kurama as a friend as he removes the seal, causing their chakra to meld, Naruto assumes a stronger version of his Nine Tails Chakra Mode. In his new Tailed Beast Mode, saving Kakashi and Guy, Naruto uses his remaining time in the form to battle the five Tailed Beasts while his clone locates their chakra receivers. The five Tailed Beasts make a collaborative Tailed Beast Ball, which Naruto matches with one of his own, sending the attacks into the sky. He sends clones through Kurama's chakra arms to remove the chakra receivers. Upon touching them, Naruto finds himself in a mental plane, along with Kurama, the other Jinchuriki and their Tailed Beasts. After the Jinchuriki and the Tailed Beasts give Naruto their names, they reveal the relationship between Roshi and Son to the youth. Watching his fellow Tailed Beasts each gift Naruto with a bit of their chakra like Son had, Kurama recalls their last moments with the Sage of the Six Paths at the time of their creation long ago. As Naruto removes the chakra receivers, Kurama is assured by the others' agreement with him that Naruto is the one the Sage foretold to show them the way. Forced to seal the Tailed Beasts back into the Gedo Statue, Tobi tells a reverted Naruto that his victory changes nothing despite the youth insisting that it has after learning a lot of difficult names.

330
"The Promise of Victory"
"Shōri e no Yogen" (勝利への予言)
September 12, 2013

Tobi is confused by Naruto's claim of learning difficult names, which Naruto teases him for. Guy and Kakashi discuss now Naruto's progress is making them feel old, though not that old. Tobi begins to sweat, but believes it to be the rain that's starting to fall. Tobi gets a strange feeling from Naruto, and concludes that the war will make everything irrelevant. At the Allied Shinobi's HQ, Naruto's use of Kurama's chakra was felt, though they also feel something else. Ao relays to events to Shikaku, who wants to use it to raise the army's morale all at once, despite the strain it would cause to communications by Inoichi. Naruto's friends all rush towards his direction, intent on supporting him. Elsewhere, Sasuke also walks towards the battlefield as a thunderstorm begins.

331
"Eyes That See in the Dark"
"Yami o Miru Me" (闇を見る眼)
September 19, 2013

Having escaped from the Mountains' Graveyard, Sasuke wanders through a small town to discover that it is deserted, leading him to be confused. Meanwhile in the Hidden Leaf, Konohamaru and his team-mates patrol through the village in order to watch out for the enemy when they heard an angry voice of a prisoner from the Leaf's Intelligence Division. It is revealed to be Karin, who is feigning her mental instability to lessen the guards' attention and begins to plot her escape. At the same time, Jūgo and Suigetsu continue their search for Sasuke, arriving at one of Orochimaru's hideouts. The two walk in as Jūgo asks Suigetsu of his intention of joining Team Taka while suddenly Jūgo goes on a rampage and attacks Suigetsu. Suigetsu simply reforms and drowns Jūgo in order to subdue him. After this, he discovers a secret room revealed by Jūgo's rampage and finds a scroll containing important information. Sasuke is confronted by a group of White Zetsu Army clones. He actives his Susano'o and incinerates them. With the clones defeated, he interrogates one of them with a Sharingan genjutsu, through which the clone reveals information about the war. Elsewhere, Itachi is on the move.

332
"A Will of Stone"
"Ishi no Ishi" (石の意志)
September 26, 2013

The intense battle between Madara and the five Kage continues as Ōnoki attacks Madara with a gigantic rock golem. However, Madara counters with his Wood Style: Deep Forest Bloom, shattering the golem into pieces. Tsunade remembers the jutsu being her grandfather's and as the jutsu released its pollen, she instructs the Kage not to inhale. Gaara suspends the Kage and Ōnoki levitates A. Kabuto muses on how people thought no other shinobi is as powerful as Hashirama Senju, just like how people consider the powers of the Sage of the Six Paths a myth. Elsewhere, the Hokage Guard Platoon along with Dodai and Sagan continue to pursue Mū. While the Kage are distracted, Madara unleashes his Susanoo, causing them to fall through the trees. Madara proceeds to set the forest ablaze and not long after, the five Kage became unconscious. Ōnoki, continuously losing his consciousness, remembers of his talk with the First Tsuchikage about the strong will of the Iwa shinobi. Refusing to give up, Ōnoki destroys the forest created by Madara with his Particle Style and as a result, the Kage regained their consciousness. As Madara's body is reforming from Ōnoki's attack, to the Kage's horror, the face formed from the DNA of Hashirama appeared on Madara's chest. Meanwhile, Itachi continues his search for Kabuto, as Sasuke detects the latter. Sasuke follows him but his brother refused to talk to him. With no choice, Sasuke attempts to catch Itachi with his Susanoo, only for Itachi to counter with his own. The two begin to have a conversation. Meanwhile at the battlefield, Madara decides to take out Tsunade first after realising she was a Senju and also deemed her a weak woman, pathetic compared to the likes of her grandfather. Tsunade stated that she inherited something more than power from her grandfather the Will of Fire, something that Madara should not take so lightly.

333
"The Risks of the Reanimation Jutsu"
"Edo Tensei no Risuku" (穢土転生のリスク)
October 3, 2013

Madara questioned Tsunade if the Will of Fire is enough to take him down. Tsunade states the three rules of a medical-nin as she releases her seal. She then reveals a fourth rule — that only a medical-nin who has mastered the One Hundred Healings Jutsu are allowed to break the three rules. The other Kage are stunned to hear this while Madara remains unimpressed with Tsunade's abilities. He activates his Susanoo ribcage as Tsunade attacked him, slightly cracking the Susanoo. Madara tries immolating Tsunade but is stopped by Mei, who also attacks. A and Onoki deals a heavy blow on Madara while Tsunade lands a kick on the latter. Madara commented on Tsunade's abilities. Madara noted that all that remains of Hashirama is his cells inside of him and all that's left of Izuna was his eyes that belong to him now. He further stated that the only thing that could be passed on is hatred. Meanwhile, at the other battlefield, Chōza reveals to Dan that Madara Uchiha has been reanimated and that the five Kage are dealing with him. Dan was shocked to learn that Tsunade was now the Hokage. Dan expressed concern that they should instead, find the caster of the technique, noting that Hashirama is the only shinobi capable of defeating Madara. At the same time, Tsunade landed a devastating attack on Madara as his body begins to reform. Gaara attempted to bind and seal him although it was revealed to be a clone. Though the real Madara stabs Tsunade with his Susanoo Sword from below, he finds that Tsunade is able to heal without hand seals. Onoki attacks Madara with Particle Style but, Madara absorbs it through the Preta Path. Tsunade questions Madara's confidence, stating that the Kage forced him to use a wood clone. Madara admits five on one is a good match-up, thus creating twenty five wood cloones, with five each to battle each of the Kage. Meanwhile in the forest, after evading Sasuke with his crows, Itachi finds Kabuto. However, Sasuke managed to follow his brother while he mistook Kabuto for Orochimaru. Kabuto attempted to manipulate Sasuke, only for him to note that he is his enemy. Sasuke attempts to kill Kabuto but is stopped by Itachi who noted that they need to not kill him in order to stop the technique. As Sasuke agrees to cooperate but for Itachi to answer his questions later, the two Uchiha brothers and Kabuto prepared themselves for a dynamic battle that is to come.

334
"Sibling Tag Team"
"Kyōdai Taggu!!" (兄弟, 共闘!!)
October 10, 2013

Kabuto blocks his vision with his hood as a means of evading the Uchiha's visual genjutsu, then starts the fight by unleashing multiple snakes at the two brothers. Both Itachi and Sasuke evade the snakes, then used their Susano'os to grab hold of them. As the fight continues, Kabuto tells Sasuke that he is underestimating him before reveals that he possesses similar variations of some of the abilities of Taka: Suigetsu's flesh-liquid transformations, Karin's accelerated healing abilities, and Jugo's ability to utilize nature energy. Kabuto then reveals Jugo's lineage and how Orochimaru developed the Cursed Marks when his study on Jugo's DNA led him to the legendary Ryūchi Cave where the White Snake Sage lives. Though Orochimaru could not use Sage Jutsu as his host bodies couldn't tolerate nature energy, Kabuto semi-mastered it as he unveils his Sage Mode, as to fully be able to master sage mode means not taking on the appearance of the animal you learned it from. Sasuke says that his new form is nothing different from Orochimaru, but Kabuto explains that he exceeded his former master and considers himself as a snake transformed into a dragon. Kabuto proceeds to overwhelm the Uchiha before Itachi manages to counter at the last moment. Asking Sasuke if he remembered the plan they used while on a mission hunting a wild boar, Itachi uses his brother's aid to manage to cuts off one of Kabuto's horns. Meanwhile, battling twenty five wood clones, the Five Kage find themselves at a greater disadvantage when Madara has his clones conjure Susano'os of their own.

335
"To Each Their Own Leaf"
"Tagai no Konoha" (互いの木ノ葉)
October 24, 2013

Kabuto is amused at the fact that Sasuke is now getting along well with his late brother, despite his intent to kill him in the past. Attempting to manipulate him over to his side by saying both their goals are to destroy the Hidden Leaf, Sasuke remains unconvinced as the young man denied his and Kabuto's goals are mutual. Recalling his life as a spy working for Konoha, Kabuto notes that he and Itachi are the same — both worked for the village and yet received dishonour in return. Itachi, however, declares that he is still Konoha's Itachi Uchiha, regardless of its dark side and inconsistencies. Casting the conversation aside, Itachi tells Sasuke about a technique that decides destiny — Izanami, which he will use to stop Kabuto and the Reanimation jutsu. Wasting no time, Kabuto attacks the brothers once more with his Sage Art: Inorganic Reincarnation, causing the cave formations to attack them. Kabuto attempts to rewrite Itachi's mind with the talisman but is thwarted by Sasuke. Kabuto begins to boast about his current abilities and that he is closer than anyone in the world to the Sage of the Six Paths. Criticising the Uchiha name in the process, he was stopped by Sasuke before he could say anything more as Itachi noted Kabuto reminded him of his old self. Kabuto recalls his childhood as an orphan, being raised by Nonō in the Leaf Orphanage, while stating that from the very beginning, he was not aware of his identity and had nothing for life.

336
"Kabuto Yakushi"
"Yakushi Kabuto" (薬師カブト)
October 31, 2013

Kabuto remembers when he first met Orochimaru when he and the rest of the Leaf Orphanage aided several wounded Hidden Leaf Ninja, the Sannin member seeing potential in the child despite not interested in becoming a ninja. But that night, when Nonō is blackmailed by Danzo into an intelligence gathering mission in the Hidden Stone Village, Kabuto also ends up in Root's services as he spend much of his childhood infiltrating the villages of the Five Great Shinobi Nations. It was only while on a mission in the Stone Village to take out an enemy, Kabuto is attacked by who he quickly learned to be Nonō when he gravely wounded her. Attempting to heal her, Kabuto is shocked that she did not recognize him as he is forced to run away. Pondering this, Kabuto is once again approached by Orochimaru who bring him to his secret laboratory where he reveals that Root orchestrated Kabuto and Nonō to kill each other to silence them. Though he admits that he was supposed to kill any survivor, reminding the child of his lack of individuality due to Root, Orochimaru instead offers Kabuto a position as his right hand with the promise of true identity of his very own. Years later, after Orochimaru's later defeat by Sasuke, Kabuto injected himself with his former mentor's blood to achieve his quest to find his "true self".

337
"The Izanami Activated"
"Hatsudō: Izanami" (発動・イザナミ)
November 7, 2013

Casting aside Itachi's lectures to him, Kabuto reveals he assimilated more than just Orochimaru's DNA as he creates a construct of Sakon from the base of his navel snake through which he can use the signature attacks of the Sound Five. Although easily countering Kabuto's attacks at first, Itachi and Sasuke find themselves trapped in Tayuya's genjutsu so he can finish them off with an white snake Orochimaru construct. However, though a combined effort, Sasuke and Itachi escape the genjutsu and fend the snake off by casting genjutsu on each other. Kabuto, however, appears from the mouth of the snake with a surprise attack and bisects Itachi, tearfully stating his superiority before attempting to regain control over the reanimated ninja. As his body reforms, Itachi called out to Sasuke as he threw his sword at Kabuto, only for the snake sage to block and then counter. Kabuto then attacks Itachi with the sword and claimed that his genjutsu cannot affect him. But upon realizing a sense of déjá vu in the brothers' attack pattern, having claimed to be immune to such a trick, Kabuto learns that he is trapped with his mind via the endless loop of the Uchiha Clan's genjutsu Izanami.

338
"Izanagi and Izanami"
"Izanagi to Izanami" (イザナギとイザナミ)
November 14, 2013

With Izanami activated, and Kabuto trapped within its infinite loop, Sasuke uses this time to question his brother about the technique. Itachi tells Sasuke about the history behind Izanami's creation as well as the Uchiha clan's use of the technique. Itachi ultimately reveals to Sasuke that Izanami was created with the sole purpose of stopping the users of the technique's counterpart: Izanagi so that they would accept their fate — which is also the way to escape the infinite loop. Angered by the fact that Itachi would cast a technique that has an escape route, Sasuke questions his motives to which Itachi says that he wished to give Kabuto an opportunity to accept his fate. Sasuke, however, claims that Itachi is perfect and rather different from Kabuto but the elder Uchiha refuses this claim. Elsewhere, somewhere in a forest seemingly some distance away, a grown-up Urushi tells his comrade that he hoped by the time he gets home, Kabuto will be there. Back at the cave, Itachi prepares to put an end to the Reanimation jutsu.

339
"I Will Love You Always"
"Omae o Zutto Aishiteiru" (お前をずっと愛している)
November 21, 2013

Back at the front lines, the five Kage struggle to hold their own against Madara's Susanoo-clad wood clones. However, Ōnoki rallies them to fight, noting that they need to fulfil a task at which they cannot fail. Madara realises that Ōnoki is the problem and that he must break his will. With that, the Kage go on the offensive against Madara's clones once more. However, the situation soon takes a turn for the worse as Madara in turn responds with his full power by activating his final Susanoo and proceeds to use its sword to attack them. Elsewhere at the cave, Itachi commands Kabuto to put an end to the Reanimation Jutsu. Sasuke resolves that he will destroy the village that made his brother suffer for so long and bids farewell to Itachi forever. As lights begin to descend on the battlefield and the reincarnated shinobi begin to fade into pillars of light, Itachi approaches Sasuke and uses his Sharingan to show Sasuke everything about the Uchiha clan massacre. With the truth revealed to Sasuke at last, Itachi then imparts his final words to his brother, stating that no matter what happens and regardless of what he does from here on out, he will love him always.

340
"Reanimation Jutsu: Release!"
"Edo Tensei: Kai" (穢土転生・解)
November 28, 2013

Watching Itachi's soul depart back into the afterlife, Sasuke becomes conflicted with his resolve before being found by Suigetsu and Jugo. Elsewhere, across the battlefield, the various ninja that Kabuto reanimated are descending back into the afterlife. The other Kage mystified by the turn of events while Onoki notes whoever is responsible is a true hero among ninja. Using his Ghost Transformation jutsu to take control of his then-ascending soul, Dan reaches Tsunade's location. Speaking to Tsunade within her subconscious, Dan gives her the remainder of his chakra before fading away to restore her Reserve Seal. As Tsunade comes to, she and the other Kage find Madara still among the living as he reveals that he rescinded the summoning contract while advising the Kage to tell the caster not to use a forbidden jutsu so carelessly. Elsewhere, seeing the reanimated Jinchurikis' departure as a sign of Itachi's success, Naruto provokes Tobi as the masked man decides to move on with his plan by bringing forth the Benihisago and Sealing Urn.

341
"Orochimaru's Return"
"Fukkatsu!! Orochimaru" (復活!! 大蛇丸)
December 5, 2013

Suigetsu proceeds to show Sasuke the scroll that he found at Orochimaru's hideout earlier. After examining its contents, Sasuke's next motive is to meet with Orochimaru and explained to a confused Suigetsu that he is not one to die so easily as he has Jugo's assistance in reviving Orochimaru via the Curse Unsealing ability. Expressing shock that Sasuke would be the one to resurrect him, stating his intent to still take his body if he was in better condition, Orochimaru asserts that he shows no interest in the war. But when Sasuke then shows Orochimaru the scroll he was given earlier and states he wants to get answers from those who know everything, Orochimaru siphons back his stolen chakra from the immobilized Kabuto while agreeing to guide his former apprentice to the answers he seeks. Elsewhere, Naruto and the others watch on as Tobi moves forward with the revival of the Ten-Tails by revealing its actual body: The Gedo Statue. With Kakashi wondering why Tobi would bluff as the Eight and Nine-Tails' chakra are still intact, Gyūki notes that Tobi may have got his chakra from the clone he created to cover Killer Bee's escape from Taka. Kurama also adds that his chakra is present in the treasured tools, which contain the sealed Gold and Silver Brothers, that the Gedo Statue swallowed earlier. Though the allied ninja all agree that its resurrection must be stopped, Tobi declares that even if an incompletely revived Ten Tails would still ensure the achievement of the Infinite Tsukuyomi. As the group rally to fight, Naruto enters his Nine-Tails Chakra Mode and proceeds to attack the statue.

342
"The Secret of the Transportation Technique"
"Jikūkan Ninjutsu no Himitsu" (時空間忍術の秘密)
December 12, 2013

Bent on stopping Naruto and his allies from interfering with the Gedo Statue as it begins to regenerate back into the Ten-Tails, Tobi engages Naruto and Guy while latter is able to create an opening for the youth to land a blow. As Tobi is distracted, Kakashi attempts to use Kamui on the Gedo Statue before it was suddenly nullified to his confusion. By then, Naruto fails to land his attack as Tobi separates him from the others to get the upper hand. Rushing to Naruto's aid, Kakashi launches his lightning-imbued kunai at Tobi before forced to warp the kunai away when the villain changes its trajectory towards Naruto. However, Tobi finds a slight fissure appearing on his mask that the others notice as he erects a barrier around the Gedo Statue to hinder Gyūki. Analyzing the masked man's abilities, Kakashi asks the group to aid him in testing his theory to confirm that Tobi has been using one technique the entire time in this fight: the exact same Kamui as himself. When asked where he got his Sharingan from, Tobi upsets Kakashi by claiming to obtained it while from battle at the Kannabi Bridge. As Tobi states there is no more hope for the world, Naruto rejects his views and Kurama — who briefly takes over his Jinchuriki's body — declares that Minato sealed him within Naruto to give the youth the power to take him down. With that as he gives the youth back his body, the Nine-Tails tells Naruto to charge Tobi head on.

343
"Who Are You?"
"Temē wa Dare da!!" (てめーは誰だ!!)
December 19, 2013

Naruto enters Tailed Beast Mode and attacks Tobi, causing both Kakashi and Guy to look on, stunned but Tobi later emerges from the blast, unharmed. Meanwhile, a hesitant Kakashi is in disbelief of the masked man's identity but Guy snaps him out of it. As the battle rages on, Kakashi is finally motivated to fight and prepares to join the fray. Tobi unleashes a shower of gigantic chakra receivers, paralyzing B and Gyūki. Naruto creates a shadow clone and it charges forward with Rasengan while the original prepares a Tailed Beast Ball with B and Gyūki acting as a shield. As Naruto launches his technique, Tobi simply phases through and with that, fully enters the other dimension. There, he witnesses the clone earlier and realizes that Kakashi did not just teleport the Rasengan but the clone itself. With little time to react, Tobi curses Kakashi before he is hit by Naruto's Rasengan; his mask shattered into pieces. Watching on, Kakashi and Guy are shocked to see that the masked man is their former comrade, Obito Uchiha, who as a child had dreams of becoming the Hokage but who would never beat Kakashi or Guy. During his time at the Academy, Obito was later placed into a team consisting of himself, Kakashi and a young girl named Rin Nohara with the team being led by Naruto's father, Minato Namikaze. Obito had romantic feelings for Rin who actually loved Kakashi which in turn fueled Obito's desire to defeat Kakashi. However, Obito was left badly injured following a mission in which a boulder crushed the right side of his body. Believing himself to be on the verge of death, Obito gave Kakashi the Sharingan from Obito's own left eye which served as a replacement for Kakashi's left eye which had been left permanently scarred and damaged during a fight against a lone rogue ninja. When more ninja assaulted the cave, Kakashi and Rin were able to escape with Obito being engulfed by the landslide. In the present, rendered speechless, Kakashi is shocked that Obito survived. Naruto questions who the individual is, to which Guy responds that he is their former comrade who was supposedly killed in action during the previous war. In response to Kakashi's question, Obito explains that the reason why he hadn't revealed himself up until this point was because he let Rin die. Naruto motivates a devastated Kakashi as Obito's plan to conquer the world needs to be stopped. Obito attacks the group with his Fire Style: Bomb Blast Dance but Naruto intercepts with Kurama's tails. Just then, Madara appears alongside Obito, much to the others' surprise.

344
"Obito and Madara"
"Obito to Madara" (オビトとマダラ)
January 9, 2014

When Obito is joined by Madara, Naruto and allies shocked to see the legendary ninja who they assumed to still be battling the five Kage. This leads Naruto to immediately question Madara of their condition. Madara nonchalantly reveals that he dispatched them. From there, ignoring Naruto and expressing disappointment towards Obito for deviating from their plan, Madara learns that his intended resurrection through the Samsara of Life was ruined by Nagato using it on the Hidden Leaf ninja. Upon learning of Nagato was nothing more but a sacrificial pawn, Naruto attacks Madara with a Super Mini-Tailed Beast Ball which the Uchiha dispatches as he moves to capture the jinchuriki while Obito deals with Kakashi and Guy. When Kakashi used this opportunity to question his old friend about what had happened to him, Obito gets a flashback of being heavily bandaged and stitched together by an elderly figure he learns to be Madara who explains of his physical condition after saving him. As Madara tells the younger Uchiha of his goals to unify the world, an uninterested Obito attempts to escape, eager to meet his team-mates once again.

345
"I'm in Hell"
"Ore wa Jigoku ni Iru" (オレは地獄に居る)
January 16, 2014

Obito is tended to by two Zetsu clones, who help in his rehabilitation, while also telling him about Madara's goal and annoying Obito with potty humor. Obito recovers and gets used to his new artificial body parts, undergoing possible months of training to get used to them. One day, Zetsu arrives with news of Obito's team-mates being in danger, surrounded by Mist ninjas. When Obito fails to break through the rock blocking the exist, Tobi Zetsu offers himself as an armour for Obito. Obito draws power from the Gedo Statue to break the rock. Madara tells Obito he will properly thank him in the future, and that Obito will come back to him. On his way to the battle site, Obito has a vision of Rin through his empty eye-socket but ignores it. He arrives just in time to realize that Kakashi has run his Chidori through Rin's chest although Rin manages to say Kakashi's name before hitting the ground, dead. As Kakashi studies Rin's body, both he and Obito unknowingly awaken both their Mangekyō Sharingan. Kakashi passes out from exhaustion while Obito, enraged and grief-stricken over witnessing Rin's death proceeds to massacre the Mist ninjas while managing to avoid their attacks. Obito first kills some ninja before slaughtering the rest using Wood Style: Cutting Sprigs. Having slaughtered the Mist ninja force, standing in a pool of blood and watching Rin's dead body, Obito concludes he is in hell as he mourns the death of the girl he loved.

346
"World of Dreams"
"Yume no Sekai" (夢の世界)
January 23, 2014

Still in disbelief over what has happened, Obito walks over towards Rin's body, having slaughtered the Hidden Mist ninja while ignoring the unconscious Kakashi. Obito then cradles Rin's body in his arms and remembers Madara and White Zetsu's words while vowing to change the world into one where she and the Ten-Tails. After teaching Obito the means to summon the Gedo Statue along with imparting all his skill and knowledge, Madara uses a Yin-Yang Style ability on White Zetsu to infuse the clone with his will, completing Zetsu with the birth of Black Zetsu. After disconnecting himself from the Gedo Statue, Madara dies telling Obito that he will be Madara until the day he is to be resurrected by the one he transplanted his eyes into: Nagato. Soon after, now going by the name Madara Uchiha with Zetsu accompanying him, Obito arrives to the Hidden Rain Village where he meets Nagato and his friends. Though Obito tempts Nagato with his knowledge and offer to aid him in achieving peace, Yahiko gets his friend and Konan away. Despite being warned by Yahiko to stay away, Obito tells Nagato that he would reappear at the same time and place everyday until he accepts the truth of words. Soon after saving orphans and gaining new member of their growing group, Yahiko decides to name their group the Akatsuki.

347
"Creeping Shadow"
"Shinobiyoru Kage" (忍び寄る影)
January 23, 2014

Being informed by Kakashi that the orphans he trained are now attempting to bring about change in the Hidden Rain Village through dialogue, Jiraiya expresses his satisfaction with his students' progress. At the Hidden Rain Village, Kyūsuke brings letters of requests for the Akatsuki's aid to Yahiko, who intends to surpass Hanzo one day. Having learned of the Akatsuki's existence from one of his men, Hanzo expresses his approval for an organisation that shares his ideals. Meanwhile, Yahiko, Konan and Nagato head to a small village that was earlier attacked and meet a group of people who want to attack the Hidden Stone Village. Though the Akatsuki insists solving the issue through peace talks, it ended with the three leading members being attacked by Hidden Stone ninja with an enraged Nagato unconsciously summoning the Gedo Statue in response to seeing Yahiko and Konan injured. Luckily, the two manage to stop Nagato in time and leave with Danzo and his ANBU finding the corpses of the Hidden Stone ninja. As Yahiko and his friends depart with the remainder of their group following, Danzo proceeds to disguise some of the Hidden Stone ninja as Hidden Rain ninja to convince Hanzo that the Akatsuki are a threat to his authority.

348
"The New Akatsuki"
"Shinsei: Akatsuki" (新生・“暁”)
January 30, 2014

Yahiko and Nagato attend a meeting with the Rain's leader, Hanzō. Other members of Akatsuki discover that Leaf's ANBU shinobi are also meeting with Hanzō, and suspect a possible betrayal. They attempt to catch up with Yahiko and Nagato, only to die at the hands of Zetsu and Obito who wanted Nagato to witness tragic reality just like Obito had when he'd witnessed Rin die at Kakashi's hand. Leaf's Root Division and their leader Danzō are revealed to have plotted with Hanzō to end the Akatsuki's rebellion, capturing Konan and giving Nagato an ultimatum: kill Yahiko or they will kill Konan. Choosing for him, Yahiko runs himself into Nagato's kunai, killing himself, leaving Nagato and Konan devastated. Enraged, Nagato uses his Rinnegan to slaughter the Leaf and Rain shinobi by summoning the Gedo Statue, although Hanzō manages to escape. After this turn of events, Nagato finally turns to Obito, who witnessed the entire meeting. The final scene shows Nagato looking at Yahiko, whose body is now the Deva Path of his Six Paths of Pain, and saying that Yahiko will always be the true leader of the Akatsuki.

text: Home releases[edit]

text: Japanese[edit]

text:
Volume
Date
Discs
Episodes
Reference

1
March 4, 2014
1
321–324
[4]

2
April 2, 2014
1
325–328
[4]

3
May 7, 2014
1
329–332
[4]

4
July 2, 2014
1
333–336
[4]

5
July 2, 2014
1
337–340
[4]

6
August 6, 2014
1
341–344
[4]

7
September 3, 2014
1
345–348
[4]

text: English[edit]

text:
Viz Media (North America, Region 1)

Box set
Date
Discs
Episodes
Reference

25
January 26, 2016
2
310–322
[5]

26
April 5, 2016
2
323–335
[6]

27
July 5, 2016
2
336–348
[7]

text:
Madman Entertainment (United Kingdom, Region 2)

Volume
Date
Discs
Episodes
Reference

25
August 15, 2016
2
310–322
[8]

26
October 17, 2016
2
323–335
[9]

27
February 6, 2017
2
336–348
[10]

text:
Madman Entertainment (Australia/New Zealand, Region 4)

Collection
Date
Discs
Episodes
Reference

25
April 6, 2016
2
310–322
[11]

26
September 7, 2016
2
323–335
[12]

27
October 5, 2016
2
336–348
[13]


document_title: Structuralism (psychology)

question_text: who gave the name of structuralism to the early psychological approach

root

text: Structuralism (psychology)

text: Titchener[edit]

text: Edward B. Titchener, along with Wilhelm Wundt, is credited for the theory of structuralism. It is considered to be the first "school" of psychology[4][5]. Because he was a student of Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig, Titchener's ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt's theory of voluntarism and his ideas of association and apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements of consciousness respectively). Titchener attempted to classify the structures of the mind, like chemists classify the elements of nature, into the nature.[6]

tag: p

text: Titchener said that only observable events constituted that science and that any speculation concerning unobservable events have no place in society (this view was similar to the one expressed by Ernst Mach). In his book, Systematic Psychology, Titchener wrote:

text: It is true, nevertheless, that observation is the single and proprietary method of science, and that experiment, regarded as scientific method, is nothing else than observation safeguarded and assisted.[7]

text: Mind and consciousness[edit]

text: Titchener believed the mind was the accumulated experience of a lifetime. He believed that he could understand reasoning and the structure of the mind if he could define and categorize the basic components of mind and the rules by which the components interacted.

text: Introspection[edit]

text: The main tool Titchener used to try to determine the different components of consciousness was introspection. Titchener writes in his Systematic Psychology:

text: The state of consciousness which is to be the matter of psychology ... can become an object of immediate knowledge only by way of introspection or self-awareness.[8]

text: and in his book An Outline of Psychology:

text: ...within the sphere of psychology, introspection is the final and only court of appeal, that psychological evidence cannot be other than introspective evidence.[9]

text: Unlike Wundt's method of introspection, Titchener had very strict guidelines for the reporting of an introspective analysis. The subject would be presented with an object, such as a pencil. The subject would then report the characteristics of that pencil (color, length, etc.). The subject would be instructed not to report the name of the object (pencil) because that did not describe the raw data of what the subject was experiencing. Titchener referred to this as stimulus error.

text: In his translation of Wundt's work, Titchener illustrates Wundt as a supporter of introspection as a method through which to observe consciousness. However, introspection only fits Wundt's theories if the term is taken to refer to psychophysical methods.

text: Introspection literally means 'looking within', to try to describe a person's memory, perceptions, cognitive processes, and/or motivations.[10]

text: Elements of the mind[edit]

text: Titchener's theory began with the question of what each element of the mind is. He concluded from his research that there were three types of mental elements constituting conscious experience: Sensations (elements of perceptions), Images (elements of ideas), and affections (elements of emotions).These elements could be broken down into their respective properties, which he determined were quality, intensity, duration, clearness, and extensity. Both sensations and images contained all of these qualities; however, affections were lacking in both clearness and extensity. And images and affections could be broken down further into just clusters of sensations. Therefore, by following this train of thinking all thoughts were images, which being constructed from elementary sensations meant that all complex reasoning and thought could eventually be broken down into just the sensations which he could get at through introspection.[11]

text: Interaction of elements[edit]

text: The second issue in Titchener's theory of structuralism was the question of how the mental elements combined and interacted with each other to form conscious experience. His conclusions were largely based on ideas of associationism. In particular, Titchener focuses on the law of contiguity, which is the idea that the thought of something will tend to cause thoughts of things that are usually experienced along with it.

text: Titchener rejected Wundt's notions of apperception and creative synthesis (voluntary action), which were the basis of Wundt's voluntarism. Titchener argued that attention was simply a manifestation of the "clearness" property within sensation.

text: Physical and mental relationship[edit]

text: Once Titchener identified the elements of mind and their interaction, his theory then asked the question of why the elements interact in the way they do. In particular, Titchener was interested in the relationship between the conscious experience and the physical processes. Titchener believed that physiological processes provide a continuous substratum that give psychological processes a continuity they otherwise would not have. Therefore, the nervous system does not cause conscious experience, but can be used to explain some characteristics of mental events.

text: Wundt and structuralism[edit]

text: Wilhelm Wundt instructed Titchener, the founder of structuralism, at the University of Leipzig. The 'science of immediate experience' was stated by him. This simply means that the complex perceptions can be raised through basic sensory information.[12] Wundt is often associated in past literature with structuralism and the use of similar introspective methods. Wundt makes a clear distinction between pure introspection, which is the relatively unstructured self-observation used by earlier philosophers, and experimental introspection. Wundt believes this type of introspection to be acceptable since it uses laboratory instruments to vary conditions and make results of internal perceptions more precise.

text: The reason for this confusion lies in the translation of Wundt's writings. When Titchener brought his theory to America, he also brought with him Wundt's work. Titchener translated these works for the American audience, and in so doing misinterpreted Wundt's meaning. He then used this translation to show that Wundt supported Titchener's own theories. In fact, Wundt's main theory was that of psychological voluntarism (psychologische Voluntarismus), the doctrine that the power of the will organizes the mind’s content into higher-level thought processes.[13][14]

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Structuralism has faced a large amount of criticism, particularly from the school of psychology, functionalism which later evolved into the psychology of pragmatism (reconvening introspection into acceptable practices of observation). The main critique of structuralism was its focus on introspection as the method by which to gain an understanding of conscious experience. Critics argue that self-analysis was not feasible, since introspective students cannot appreciate the processes or mechanisms of their own mental processes. Introspection, therefore, yielded different results depending on who was using it and what they were seeking. Some critics also pointed out that introspective techniques actually resulted in retrospection – the memory of a sensation rather than the sensation itself.

text: Behaviorists fully rejected even the idea of the conscious experience as a worthy topic in psychology, since they believed that the subject matter of scientific psychology should be strictly operationalized in an objective and measurable way. Because the notion of a mind could not be objectively measured, it was not worth further inquiry. Structuralism also believes that the mind could be dissected into its individual parts, which then formed conscious experience. This also received criticism from the Gestalt school of psychology, which argues that the mind cannot be broken down into individual elements.

text: Besides theoretical attacks, structuralism was criticized for excluding and ignoring important developments happening outside of structuralism. For instance, structuralism did not concern itself with the study of animal behavior, and personality.

text: Titchener himself was criticized for not using his psychology to help answer practical problems. Instead, Titchener was interested in seeking pure knowledge that to him was more important than commonplace issues.

text: Alternatives[edit]

text: One alternative theory to structuralism, to which Titchener took offense, was functionalism (functional psychology). Functionalism was developed by William James in contrast to structuralism. It stressed the importance of empirical, rational thought over an experimental, trial-and-error philosophy.[15] James in his theory included introspection (i.e., the psychologist's study of his own states of mind), but also included things like analysis (i.e., the logical criticism of precursor and contemporary views of the mind), experiment (e.g., in hypnosis or neurology), and comparison (i.e., the use of statistical means to distinguish norms from anomalies) which gave it somewhat of an edge.[16] Functionalism also differed in that it focused on the how useful certain processes were in the brain to the environment you were in and not the processes and other detail like in structuralism.[15]

text: Contemporary structuralism[edit]

text: Today, the theory of structuralism is no longer really used. Researchers are still working to offer objective experimental approaches to measuring conscious experience, in particular within the field of cognitive psychology and is in some ways carrying on the torch of Titchener's ideas. It is working on the same type of issues such as sensations and perceptions.[17] Today, any introspective methodologies are done under highly controlled situations and are understood to be subjective and retrospective. Proponents argue that psychology can still gain useful information from using introspection in this case.


document_title: List of youngest birth mothers

question_text: who is the youngest person that had a baby

text: List of youngest birth mothers

text: Age 5[edit]

text:
Date
Mother
Age of mother
Father
Country
Description

1939-05-14 May 14, 1939
Lina Medina
7000507000000000000♠ 5 years,
7 months
Unknown
Peru  Peru
Lina Medina, from the Ticrapo District of Peru, gave birth by cesarean section in Lima at age  5 1⁄2. The infant was a 2.64 kg (5.8 lb), 47.5 cm (18.7 in) boy named Gerardo. Medina's parents, who assumed their daughter had a tumor, took her to a hospital in late March, where she was then found to be 7 months pregnant. By interrogating her parents, the doctors understood that Medina had entered into precocious puberty (when hormone glands are activated earlier than normal) very early after her birth.[1][2][3][4][5] Although Medina's father was arrested on suspicion of sexual abuse, he was later released due to lack of evidence, and the baby's biological father was never identified.[1][4]

tag: table

text: Age 6[edit]

text:
Date
Mother
Age of mother
Father
Country
Description

1932-06-07 June 7, 1932
H. !H.
7000607000000000000♠ 6 years,
7 months
Unknown
India  British Raj
(now  India)
The 6-year-old known only as "H." gave birth by cesarean section to a girl weighing 4.19 lb (1.90 kg) at Victoria Zanana Hospital in Delhi. She was initially admitted for what was thought to be an abdominal tumor, as she complained of localized pain in her lower abdomen. Her father said she was 7, but civic records gave her birth date as October 11, 1925, making her 6 years and 7 months old at the time of labor. She had never menstruated and her breasts were still far from being fully developed, yet she was able to breastfeed her child for 9 months.[6]

1934-08-19 August 19, 1934
Pantueva, Yelizaveta "Liza"Yelizaveta "Liza" Pantueva
(Елизавета "Лиза" Пантуева)
7000600000000000000♠ 6 years
Her 70-year-old maternal grandfather
Soviet Union  Soviet Union
(now  Ukraine)
Yelizaveta "Liza" Pantueva was 5 years old when her 70-year-old maternal grandfather raped and impregnated her. She had her 6th birthday several days before giving birth. Pantueva's parents did not want the obstetricians to perform a cesarean section, as it was considered dangerous at the time. She gave birth in Kharkiv, with the aid of forceps and retractors. The 3 kg (6.6 lb), 52 cm (20 in) infant girl died during labor due to an early placental tear; she had been born at full term and apparently of good constitution and, according to doctors, would have survived if she had been extracted more quickly, revived, and oxygenated. After the incident, the family immigrated to Vladivostok, taking the girl's grandfather with them.[7]

text: Age 8[edit]

text:
Date
Mother
Age of mother
Father
Country
Description

1759-12-05 December 5, 1759
Mummenthaler, AnnaAnna Mummenthaler
7000809000000000000♠8 years,
9 months
A relative of her parents
Switzerland  Old Swiss Confederacy
(now   Switzerland)
Anna Mummenthaler of Lauperswil, Canton of Bern gave birth to a stillborn girl when she was 8 years old.[8]

1884-12-00 December 1884
Mum-Zi !Mum-Zi
7000803999999999999♠8 years,
4 months
Chief Akkiri
 Niger Coast
(now Nigeria  Nigeria)
Mum-Zi was a member of Chief Akkiri's harem on the island of Calabar. Her daughter also gave birth extremely early, making Mum-Zi a grandmother at age 17.[9][10]

1893-08-00 August 1893
Zi !Zi
7000808000000000000♠8 years,
8 months
A relative or familiar of Chief Akkiri
 Niger Coast
(now Nigeria  Nigeria)
Zi, Mum-Zi's daughter, became a mother at the age of 8 years 8 months.[9][10]

1933-08-00 August 1933
ZZ !Unidentified
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
Her husband[note 1]
India  British Raj
(now  India)
An unidentified 8-year-old girl in Kashmir reportedly died in labor along with her child. The girl's mother, a destitute widow, said she had been forced to accept an offer of marriage for her daughter.[11]

1936-09-13 September 13, 1936
Acuña, GriseldinaGriseldina Acuña
7000802000000000000♠ 8 years,
2 months
A family friend
Colombia  Colombia
Griseldina Acuña of San Zenón, Magdalena Department, gave birth to a boy weighing 5 lb (2.3 kg). She was reported to have begun menstruating at age 3.[12]

1957-12-02 December 2, 1957
Trujillo, HildaHilda Trujillo
7000807000000000000♠ 8 years,
7 months
Her 22-year-old cousin
Peru  Peru
Hilda Trujillo gave birth to a girl named María del Rosario, who was over 6 lb (2.7 kg), at a hospital in Lima.[1] Contrary to what was reported in Time on December 16, 1957 and many other sources, she was not 9 years old, but rather one year younger.[13] The rapist was a 22-year-old cousin who had been staying in her family's one-room residence. He was later arrested.

1993-01-12 January 12, 1993
Guadalupe Morales, ZulmaZulma Guadalupe Morales
7000800000000000000♠8 years
Her uncle
Mexico  Mexico
Zulma Guadalupe Morales, age 8. Her uncle raped her.[14] She gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 7.04 lb (3.19 kg) at a hospital in Guadalajara, Jalisco.[15]

2000-04-00 April 2000
Anna !Anna "Anya"
Анна "Аня"
7000807000000000000♠8 years,
7 months
Her 13-year-old neighbor
Russia  Russia
Anya reached puberty at 7. A 13-year-old neighbor raped her. She gave birth in Rostov-on-Don to a girl.[16]

2004-10-11 October 11, 2004
ZZ !Unidentified
7000805000000000000♠8 years,
5 months
The 32-year-old employee of the neighborhood black-market
Colombia  Colombia
An unidentified girl's pregnancy was revealed by a policeman who became suspicious in early September 2004 when he noticed the girl's swollen abdomen and thought she was a drug smuggler. After the girl had X-rays done, the officer told her mother that the girl was pregnant; the hospital confirmed she was at her 32nd week of pregnancy. The girl revealed that when she had gone to a pharmacy in Ciudad Bolívar, to fetch her sick mother's medicine, an employee there raped her. She gave birth at the Meissen Hospital.[17]

text: Age 9[edit]

text:
Date
Mother
Age of mother
Father
Country
Description

1881-03-00 March 1881
ZZ !Unidentified
7000907000000000000♠9 years,
7 months
A close relative
United Kingdom  United Kingdom
Henry Dodd of Rillington, Yorkshire reportedly delivered a baby weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) to a nine-year-old girl in 1881. The baby was stated to have only three toes on its left foot and to have died of convulsions some time after birth. The girl reportedly began menstruating at twelve months old.[18][19]

1908-03-16 March 16, 1908
P., EstelleEstelle P.
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
United States  United States
Dr. V. I. Pittman of Cadaretta, Mississippi reported to have delivered a boy weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) to nine-year-old Estelle P.[20][21]

1957-08-28 August 28, 1957
ZZ !Unidentified
7000905000000000000♠9 years,
5 months
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a premature boy weighing 2.5 lb (1.1 kg) at the University of Arkansas Medical Center in Little Rock, Arkansas.[22]

1966-03-28 March 28, 1966
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
South Africa  South Africa
A nine-year-old from Brakpan, South Africa gave birth by cesarean section to a baby at a hospital 30 miles (48 km) east of Johannesburg.[23]

1967-10-18 October 18, 1967
Allende, María EulaliaMaría Eulalia Allende
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Ernesto Allende, her cousin in his early 20s
Argentina  Argentina
María Eulalia Allende, from a village in northern Córdoba Province, gave birth to a boy weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) at a hospital in the city of Córdoba.[24][25] Ernesto Allende, both her cousin and the alleged father, disappeared two months before the birth and was sought by police.

1968-12-05 December 5, 1968
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
A farm boy from her village
Argentina  Argentina
A girl from Cachari gave birth to a baby weighing 5 lb (2.3 kg) at a hospital in Azul, Buenos Aires Province. According to press reports, the young father offered to marry the girl, but her parents refused to give their consent.[26]

1971-06-11 June 11, 1971
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Her father was reportedly sought by police
Peru  Peru
A 9-year-old girl from the El Porvenir neighborhood of Lima gave birth to a boy weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) at a hospital in the same city.[27]

1980-07-10 July 10, 1980
Xoagus, VenesiaVenesia Xoagus
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
 South West Africa
(now Namibia  Namibia)
Venesia Xoagus, a Damara girl, gave birth by cesarean section to a healthy 3 kg (6.6 lb) boy at a hospital in Otjiwarongo.[28][29][30]

1986-03-25 March 25, 1986
Mascarenhas, Maria Eliane JesusMaria Eliane Jesus Mascarenhas
7000905000000000000♠ 9 years,
5 months
Cosme Primo dos Santos, her 16-year-old nephew by adoption
Brazil  Brazil
Maria Eliane Jesus Mascarenhas, an orphaned girl adopted by rural farm workers after her mother died in childbirth, gave birth by cesarean section to a 7 lb (3.2 kg) girl named Diane in Jequié.[31][32]

1986-04-00 April 1986
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
Unknown
Kenya  Kenya
An unidentified girl delivered a daughter at Kenyatta Hospital in Nairobi.[33]

1990-03-12 March 12, 1990
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
Turkey  Turkey
A 9-year-old girl gave birth by cesarean section to a boy at a clinic in Afyonkarahisar.[34] According to the surgeon who assisted the birth, Dr. Mehmet Telek, the mother is officially 9 years old "but, in our opinion, in fact she is a few years older than that."[35]

1994-11-00 November 1994
Mafi, LeylaLeyla Mafi
7000900000000000000♠9 years
A man who paid her parents to allow him to rape her, possibly a relative.
Iran  Iran
According to information gathered by Amnesty International Leyla Mafi, from Arak, Iran, had been prostituted by her mother starting from the age of 8. Leyla M. had a developmental delay (at the age of 19 she was assessed to have a mental age of 8 years old). Among the men who paid to rape the disabled child were several male relatives.[36] She had three children, the first at the age of 9 and then twins at age 14.[37] At age 19, she was condemned and faced the death penalty for the "moral offenses" of debauchery, incest, and illegitimate motherhood. Lawyer Shadi Sadr intervened on her behalf, and her sentence was reduced to public beating and imprisonment. After 2006, Ms. M was sent to a rehabilitation center and eventually came to reside in an apartment with a caretaker.[38][39]

2001-02-26 February 26, 2001
Janmuk, WanwisaWanwisa Janmuk
(วันวิสาข์)
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Her 27-year-old husband[note 2]
Thailand  Thailand
Wanwisa Janmuk, married at 8, gave birth to a girl when she was 9 at a hospital in Phetchabun.[40]

2003-04-01 April 1, 2003
María !María
7000903000000099999♠ 9 years,
3 months
Her stepfather
El Salvador  El Salvador
María, from Candelaria de la Frontera, gave birth by cesarean section to a boy she named José Manuel. María stated that her stepfather repeatedly raped her, and that he had impregnated her.[41][42]

2004-03-01 March 1, 2004
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
A student at her school
Singapore  Singapore
A Singaporean girl gave birth to a boy after a fellow student at her school impregnated her. Her mother initially thought she had a urinary tract infection, but upon taking her to the doctor, learned she was already six months pregnant. The baby was placed up for adoption.[43]

2004-12-25 December 25, 2004
ZZ !Unidentified
7000911000000000000♠9 years,
11 months
A teenager in her neighborhood
Colombia  Colombia
A girl from Medellin, Antioquia, born in early January 1995, gave birth to a premature baby by cesarean section on Christmas Day 2004, at 9 years and 11 months. She left school after only three years, much to the dismay of her 36-year-old mother. The girl became pregnant by a neighborhood teen whose identity she swore to protect. She again became pregnant at the age of  10 1⁄2, this time by a man in his forties who had helped the 10-year-old in her early motherhood. On February 10, 2006, she gave birth to her second child at the age of 11 years and 1 month. Social services and her mother considered it preferable to place her in a home for teen mothers, where she would be supervised and monitored until age 18.[44][45]

2005-12-00 December 2005
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Emmanuel Mbazumutima, the family's houseboy
Rwanda  Rwanda
An unidentified girl became pregnant after her parents' houseboy raped her. She gave birth to a boy by cesarean section at a hospital in Butare, Rwanda. The girl underwent breast development at age six and menarche at age eight.[46]

2006-07-07 July 7, 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
Brazil Brazil
A girl of the Apurinã, an indigenous people from the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, gave birth to a girl weighing nearly 2.2 kg (4.9 lb) by cesarean section at a hospital in Manaus.[47][48]

2006-12-02 December 2, 2006
V. T., NuviaNuvia V. T.
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Avilio Arostica Berrospi, her 28-year-old cousin[49]
Peru  Peru
A girl from Huánuco, Peru gave birth to a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb), 47 cm (19 in) boy via cesarean at a hospital in Lima on her ninth birthday.[50][51] She became pregnant after two of her cousins raped her. One rapist was 17 years old and the other was 28; Avilio, 28, was identified as the father using DNA testing.[52]

2007-03-20 March 20, 2007
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown
Philippines  Philippines
The local media reported that a 9-year-old gave birth in Barangay Turo, Bocaue, just one week before an 11-year old gave birth in the same district.[53]

2007-05-03 May 3, 2007
ZZ !Unidentified
7000908000000000000♠9 years,
8 months
Andrés Gabriel Gabriel, her 57-year-old father
Honduras  Honduras
In La Esperanza, the daughter of Andrés Gabriel Gabriel and María Valentina Lorenzo became pregnant at age 9. Her father began sexually abusing her when she was 6. Upon discovering the pregnancy, Lorenzo tried to persuade her to tell to the authorities that she was 13 years old rather than  9 1⁄2, and that her father was actually her stepfather. The young girl gave birth to a daughter by cesarean section in Tegucigalpa.[54]

2008-07-27 July 27, 2008
ZZ !Unidentified
7000908000000000000♠9 years,
8 months
Alexis Rigoberto Morazán Raudales, her 32-year-old stepfather
Honduras  Honduras
In San Pedro Sula a 32-year-old man repeatedly raped his stepdaughter, starting when she was 8 years old. She became pregnant in December 2007, shortly after her ninth birthday. In early June, the girl was hospitalized for nausea and vomiting, and doctors were surprised to find she was 6 months pregnant. She gave birth to a son in late July 2008.[55] The stepfather was arrested and the mother is being sought.[timeframe?] Police claim that she knew that Morazán Raudales raped her daughter, but did nothing to prevent it, instead threatening the girl. The girl was placed in care[clarification needed] with her baby.

2008-11-00November 2008
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Her 31-year-old neighbor who regularly accompanied her to school
Colombia  Colombia
A girl from the countryside surrounding Bucaramanga, Colombia, gave birth to a boy in mid-November 2008 via cesarean section at age 9. A doctor from the Child Welfare' Health Department had discovered in mid-August that she was 5 months pregnant. The girl implicated her 31-year-old neighbor, who regularly accompanied her via deserted trails to her rural school where she was in 5th grade. She stated that, in mid-March, he had thrown her to the ground in the forest and raped her.[56]

2010-01-27 January 27, 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unknown, though her father is suspected of raping her
China  China
A girl from Songyuan, China gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 6 lb (2.7 kg) at a hospital in Changchun. Circumstances surrounding the girl's pregnancy are not clearly known, and her parents sought legal help once it was discovered.[57][58]

2010-05-15 May 15, 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7000900000000000000♠9 years
A 14-year-old neighbor
Malaysia  Malaysia
A 9-year-old Chinese girl from Penang, Malaysia gave birth to a healthy boy. No police report was made by the parents, who knew that the father was their 14-year-old neighbor whom their daughter loved.[59][60]

2010-10-01 October 1, 2010
G., F. ("Zeina")F. ("Zeina") G.
7000911000000000000♠9 years,
11 months
S.D., the uncle of her grandmother's tenant
Senegal  Senegal
An orphan girl "Zeina" was from neighborhood in Dakar, Senegal, and brought up by her grandmother. The grandmother had a tenant. The tenant's uncle, nearly 60 years old, raped the orphan girl. Noting the absence of her menstruations and her weight gain, her grandmother and her aunt became aware of her pregnancy in June, when she was 5 months pregnant. Zeina gave birth by cesarean section at the Grand Yoff Hospital,[61] to a daughter she rejected.[62]

2013-01-13 January 27, 2013
ZZ !Dafne
7000900000000000000♠9 years
Unidentified
Mexico  Mexico
Dr. Enrique Rabago, director of the Zoquipan Hospital, reported the girl and baby daughter were healthy and had returned home after receiving a Caesarean section. Dafne is one of 11 children and lives in Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos. The 17-year-old father and Dafne were dating. A search for the baby’s 17-year-old father, who may be criminally charged for having a sexual relationship with the young girl, was underway.[63] She was reportedly sterilized shortly after the birth.[64] However, questions have emerged about her true age, as she appeared to be around 15. The father may have been Dafne's 44-year-old step-father[65]

text: Age 10[edit]

text:
Date
Mother
Age of mother
Father
Country
Description

1834-04-20 April 20, 1834
Deweese, SallySally Deweese
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
Sally Deweese of Butler County, Kentucky was reported by Dr. D. Rowlett to have delivered a girl weighing 7.75 pounds (3.52 kg). Deweese allegedly developed breasts within weeks of birth and began menstruating at 12 months.[66]

1858-02-01 February 1, 1858
Drayton, ElizabethElizabeth Drayton
7001100800000000000♠10 years,
8 months
Her aunt's nephew, reported to be 15–17 years old
United States  United States
Elizabeth Drayton of Taunton, Massachusetts was reported to have given birth naturally to a boy weighing 8 lb (3.6 kg) after having been in labor for two or three days.[67]

1861-00-00 1861
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100900000000000♠10 years,
9 months
Her husband
 Ottoman Empire
(now Syria  Syria)
A Jewish girl from Damascus, via hereditary precocious pregnancy pre-menarche, gave birth to a daughter at 10 years and 9 months in 1861, then became a grandmother at just 21 when her child in turn gave birth at 10 years and 3 months in 1871.

1873-04-00 April 1873
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100600000000000♠10 years,
6 months
"A native gentleman"
India  British Raj
(now  India)
In an account published in 1873, C. MacNamara described having been called in early spring to examine a baby boy in Calcutta, who had reportedly been born to a 10-year-old girl.[68]

1895-09-10 September 10, 1895
H., AnnieAnnie H.
7001100100000000000♠10 years,
1 month
Her 56-year-old father
United States  United States
Annie H., born in Bland County, Virginia, gave birth to a baby weighing 5 lb (2.3 kg). As the girl had undeveloped breasts and could not produce milk, her mother, who had given birth to a child herself a few months prior, nursed the girl's baby for the week it lived. Annie H. was stated to have started menstruating regularly at age five.[69]

1905-12-13 December 13, 1905
Ellison, SallieSallie Ellison
7001100200000000000♠ 10 years,
2 months
Unknown
United States  United States
Sallie Ellison gave birth to a baby weighing 8 lb (3.6 kg) at the age of 10 years, 2 months in Bristol, Virginia.[70]

1910-04-09 April 9, 1910
Epps, AnnieAnnie Epps
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
Annie Epps of Chicago gave birth to a girl weighing 6 lb (2.7 kg) at the county hospital in 1910.[71][72]

1922-07-30 July 30, 1922
Irwin, ElizabethElizabeth Irwin
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Rev. L. W. Irwin, her stepfather, charged with contributing to her delinquency[73]
United States  United States
Elizabeth Irwin of Hardin County, Ohio gave birth to a boy weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) in 1922.[73][74] Reverend Irwin reportedly prayed for the salvation of the jury that later convicted him.[75]

1923-02-00 February 1923
Cavender, MaryMary Cavender
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Willie Larue, the 26-year-old son of the girl's foster parents
United States  United States
Mary Cavender of Hidalgo County, Texas gave birth to a boy weighing 4.5 lb (2.0 kg) in 1923.[76][77][78] Admitting his paternity, Willie Larue was charged with having "improper relations" with Cavender and sentenced to 15 years in prison.[79]

1930-04-04 April 4, 1930
Johnson, EvilanEvilan Johnson
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
Evilan Johnson gave birth to a baby weighing 8 lb (3.6 kg) at a hospital in Yazoo City, Mississippi in 1930.[80]

1939-10-10 October 10, 1939
Lez, María JustinaMaría Justina Lez
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her boyfriend
Argentina  Argentina
María Justina Lez of Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina gave birth to a girl at San Roque Hospital in 1939. The child's father reportedly petitioned for the right to marry the mother, as marriage was forbidden to girls under 13 years of age.[81]

1944-01-10 January 10, 1944
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth naturally to a daughter weighing 8.5 lb (3.9 kg) at a hospital in Monahans, Texas in 1944.[82][83]

1949-03-13 March 3, 1949
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a daughter weighing 7.3 lb (3.3 kg) at a hospital in Wilmington, Delaware in 1949.[84]

1949-05-20 May 20, 1949
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100700000000000♠10 years,
7 months
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a boy weighing 7.8 lb (3.5 kg) at Barber Hospital in Butler, Alabama in 1949.[85]

1950-05-25 May 25, 1950
Moore, SarahSarah Moore
7001100700000000000♠10 years,
7 months
Unknown
United States  United States
Sarah Moore gave birth prematurely to a girl in Charleston, Mississippi in 1950.[86]

1950-06-21 June 21, 1950
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a baby boy weighing 6.5 lb (2.9 kg) at a hospital in Omaha, Nebraska in 1950.[87]

1951-07-13 July 13, 1951
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a boy weighing 7.19 lb (3.26 kg) in Picayune, Mississippi; the girl's mother was 23 at the time.[88]

1953-06-14 June 14, 1953
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
A 50-year-old man who lived in the same apartment building as her foster parents.
United States  United States
A girl gave birth to a daughter weighing 5.94 lb (2.69 kg) at a home for unwed mothers in Youngstown, Ohio in 1953.[89][90]

1954-11-30 November 30, 1954
Delgado Gomez, FeliciaFelicia Delgado Gomez
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
Costa Rica  Costa Rica
Felicia Delgado Gomez gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 5.75 lb (2.61 kg) at a hospital in Limón, Costa Rica, in 1954.[91][92]

1956-08-03 August 3, 1956
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her 18-year-old brother, who was arrested
United States  United States
A girl from Spartanburg County, South Carolina gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 6 lb (2.7 kg) in the city of Spartanburg.[93]

1958-01-22 January 22, 1958
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Her older sister's husband, age 28, was charged[94]
United States  United States
A girl gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 7 lb (3.2 kg) at a hospital in San Francisco.[95]

1964-02-06 February 6, 1964
Sanchez Gonzalez, MaríaMaría Sanchez Gonzalez
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
Mexico  Mexico
María Sanchez Gonzalez of Colonia Morelos, Mexico City gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 5.5 lb (2.5 kg).[96]

1964-02-12 February 12, 1964
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100409999999999♠10 years,
4 months[97]
A 16-year-old boy, her foster family's son
United States  United States
A 10-year-old gave birth by cesarean section to a daughter weighing 5.94 lb (2.69 kg) at a hospital in Chicago.[98]

1967-09-17 September 17, 1967
Gomez Juan, HortensiaHortensia Gomez Juan
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her family's neighbor for whom the girl worked as a servant; he was arrested for rape
Mexico  Mexico
Hortensia Gomez Juan gave birth to a boy weighing 4.44 lb (2.01 kg) in Xalapa, Mexico in 1967.[99][not in citation given]

1968-11-29 November 29, 1968
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown
Belgium  Belgium
In 1968, a 10-year-old gave birth by cesarean section in Antwerp, Belgium.[100]

1969-07-29 July 1969
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl gave birth naturally to a boy weighing 5.63 lb (2.55 kg) at Alexandria Hospital in Alexandria, Virginia on July 29, 1969.[101]

1971-08-14 August 14, 1971
Fontora, MirtaMirta Fontora
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
Argentina  Argentina
Mirta Fontora, a girl from Pilar Partido, Argentina, gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 6.5 lb (2.9 kg) at a hospital in Pilar.[102][103]

1979-05-25 May 25, 1979
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl age 10 gave birth six weeks premature to twin girls, both weighing 3.38 lb (1.53 kg), by induced labor at a hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana. She is thought to have been the youngest mother of twins in U.S. history at the time.[104]

1982-07-07 July 7, 1982
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
United States  United States
A girl age 10 from a rural town in eastern Texas gave birth to a premature baby girl, weighing 4.5 lb (2.0 kg), at Hermann Hospital in Houston. All other details were withheld by request.[105][106]

1984-04-05 April 5, 1984
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100800000000000♠10 years,
8 months
The girl's uncle and the husband of one of her babysitters were both charged with molesting her
United States  United States
A 10-year-old gave birth naturally to a 6.25 lb (2.83 kg) baby girl in Chicago.[97][107] The girl, who had not known she was pregnant, went to St. Anthony Hospital on April 4 seeking treatment for abdominal pain, and was transferred to the high-risk maternity unit at Cook County Hospital the next day.[97] The girl's uncle and her babysitter's husband were accused of raping her: the uncle admitted to doing so six times, but the babysitter's husband denied the allegations and passed a polygraph.[108]

1996-04-05 April 5, 1996
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
A neighbor
Brazil  Brazil
In 1996, a 10-year-old gave birth by cesarean section in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso.[109] A neighbor raped her.

1998-07-00 July 1998
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100500000000000♠ 10 years,
5 months
Paul Narvios, the 50-year-old companion of her mother
United States  United States
Taking advantage of his relationship with her mother that lasted a few months between late 1997 and early 1998, Paul Narvios, 50, raped the girl 19 times when she was between  9 1⁄2 and 10 years old. She exposed him and gave birth in San Mateo County, California. Narvios was revealed to be the child's father via DNA evidence. He was sentenced on September 8, 1999 to thirty-one years in prison, including a twenty-six years security, and $40,000 fine, with prohibition from reapproaching mother, daughter, and baby.[110]

2000-09-25 September 25, 2000
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Her 28-year-old brother, who was arrested on a charge of rape
Argentina  Argentina
(originally from
 Bolivia)
A girl from Bolivia gave birth to a daughter weighing 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb) by cesarean section at a hospital in Parque Patricios. Buenos Aires.[111][112]

2002-09-23 September 23, 2002
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
A 38-year-old man, the brother of the girl's mother's boyfriend, was arrested
Saint Lucia  Saint Lucia
A 10-year-old gave birth to a boy weighing 4 lb (1.8 kg) in Saint Lucia.[113]

2003-11-02 November 2, 2003
Goodman, SamanthaSamantha Goodman
7001107500000000000♠10 years,
9 months
A schoolfriend, allegedly 10 years old, though most likely 12
Zimbabwe  Zimbabwe
Samantha Goodman, 10 years old, from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, gave birth in Materdei Hospital to a 6 lb (2.7 kg) girl, who was named Courtney. When Goodman was 16, she explained in detail what had happened six years earlier: "At a party at a friend early 2003, playing hide and seek, we slipped into the family's library, where we took a book for adults and laughed on the picture of a guy with his sex in a girl's one, and we thought it would be funny that we were trying to do it... We did it! It was funny! A few months later, my mother noticed that my belly had grown enormously. Driving me so urgently to the doctor, she was shocked to discover I was pregnant. Very devout, it was out of question for her I abort... At the idea of giving birth, I was very scared, but, ultimately, it was less painful than when I broke my arm!"[114]

2003-11-13 November 13, 2003
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
Peru  Peru
A girl from Monzón District, Peru gave birth by cesarean section to a baby weighing over 3 kg (6.6 lb) at Hermilio Valdizán Hospital in Huánuco.[115]

2004-01-07 January 7, 2004
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
The 29-year-old boyfriend of her 21-year-old sister
Argentina  Argentina
A 10-year-old gave birth to a baby weighing 3.22 kg (7.1 lb) in Merlo Partido, Argentina.[116]

2005-04-13 April 13, 2005
R. F., G.G. R. F.
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Luis Ramos Coral, her 24-year-old stepfather
Chile  Chile
(originally from
 Bolivia)
A Bolivian girl living in Calama, Chile, gave birth to a boy by cesarean section at a hospital in Antofagasta. The child became pregnant after her stepfather raped her (supposedly her father, purported as in Calama)[clarification needed] at age 9. Her parents, who both came from Colchaca village in Potosí, Bolivia, were jailed.[117][118][119][120]

2005-06-27 June 27, 2005
Chelagat, GladysGladys Chelagat
7001100000000000000♠10 years
The approximately 60-year-old caregiver who had nurtured her since her earliest childhood
Kenya  Kenya
Gladys Chelagat from Kericho, Rift Valley Province gave birth to a boy weighing 6.17 lb (2.80 kg) by cesarean section at a district hospital.[121]

2005-08-28 August 28, 2005
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown; her stepfather and her brother were suspected
Switzerland   Switzerland
(originally from
 Cameroon)
A young girl gave birth to a daughter at a hospital in Sion, Switzerland. She had immigrated from Cameroon to Martigny, then Sierre, Switzerland, with her siblings after her mother married a Swiss citizen. A 68-year-old man who was in a relationship with the mother admitted to having molested the girl but a DNA test found that he was not the father of the girl's child.[122][123][124]

2006-04-03 April 3, 2006
Alvarado Gómez, MonserratMonserrat Alvarado Gómez
7001100600000000000♠10 years,
6 months
Juan Ruelas Martínez, her family's 47-year-old neighbor
Mexico  Mexico
Monserrat Alvarado Gómez of Jaral del Progreso, Guanajuato born on September 16, 1995, gave birth naturally to a girl weighing 2.3 kilograms (5.1 lb) whom, she named Marisol. Ruelas Martínez, her neighbor, was sentenced to  11 1⁄2 years in prison for raping her.[125][126]

2006-04-00 April 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
William Edward Ronca, her 26-year-old stepfather
United States  United States
A young girl in Abbeville, South Carolina gave birth by cesarean section. Her 26-year-old stepfather, William Edward Ronca, raped her. The baby was placed up for adoption.[127] Ronca admitted to having molested the girl over a two-year period and was sentenced to 25 years in prison.

2006-04-00 April 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100900000000000♠10 years,
9 months
Julián Andrés H. López, the 30-year-old Colombian boyfriend of her babysitter, who was arrested
Spain  Spain
(originally from
 Colombia)
A Colombian girl gave birth to a daughter in Ourense, Spain. While the mother was away, the girl's babysitter had her boyfriend over the house, and the boyfriend raped the girl.[128]

2006-06-14 June 14, 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
Brazil  Brazil
In 2006, a 10-year-old gave birth by cesarean section to a baby in Marechal Deodoro, Brazil.[129]

2006-07-00 July 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Her 13-year-old boyfriend
Belgium  Belgium
A girl from Montigny-le-Tilleul gave birth in 2006 to a child fathered by her boyfriend and schoolmate. After she had begun gaining weight, her mother put her on a diet, but when the girl visited a doctor, it was discovered that she was nine months pregnant. News of the birth did not become publicly known until 2007.[130]

2006-08-14 August 14, 2006
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100500000000000♠10 years,
5 months
Her father
Mauritius  Mauritius
A young girl, born on March 5, 1996, began menstruating at age 8. One day in November 2005, she was sick, and stayed at home with her father. On that day, he raped her. She gave birth to her daughter by cesarean section on August 14, 2006, and the father was sent to prison.[131]

2006-10-20 October 20, 2006
N. !N.
7001101000000000000♠10 years,
10 months
Francisco das Chagas, her 26-year-old boyfriend
Brazil  Brazil
N., daughter of Francisca Ferreira dos Santos and born on December 12, 1995, gave birth by cesarean section to a baby girl at São Camilo de Itapipoca hospital in Itapipoca, Brazil. Francisco das Chagas de Lima, her boyfriend, was also her 14-year-old sister's ex-boyfriend.[132][133]

2007-07-02 July 2, 2007
Lucila !Lucila
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Noé Velásquez Velásquez, her parents' 65-year-old landlord
Mexico  Mexico
In 2007, 10-year-old Lucila of San Lorenzo Cacaotepec, Oaxaca gave birth to a boy.[134][135][136][137] Noé Velásquez Velásquez, the landlord of the house her parents rented, was jailed.

2007-11-09 November 9, 2007
Evita !"Evita"
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Alejandro Torres, her 22-year-old cousin
Nicaragua  Nicaragua
Originally from the rural island region of El Tortuguero, the poorest part of Nicaragua, 10-year-old "Evita" gave birth by cesarean section in Managua after spending two months in Bluefields. Four months earlier, her mother had summoned a campaign doctor to their farm to examine her daughter's inflated abdomen; the doctor found that she was 5 months pregnant. A few weeks later, her mother revealed to the press that Evita's 22-year-old cousin Alejandro raped Evita.[138]

2008-02-29 February 29, 2008
Rosa !Rosa "Rosita"
7001100800000000000♠10 years,
8 months
Carmen Aguilar, her 33-year-old stepfather
Nicaragua  Nicaragua
Rosa ("the other Rosita"),[note 3] born June 25, 1997 in San Miguelito, Rio San Juan Department, gave birth to a boy by cesarean section at  8 1⁄2 months of pregnancy at the Bertha Calderón Hospital in Managua. Sexually assaulted since age 8 by her stepfather Carmen, she never experienced menstruation, as she became pregnant at her first ovulation. Her stepfather would beat and whip her to subdue her. Her pregnancy was discovered by chance at  5 1⁄2 months, during a tour of rural medical for the poor in early December 2007.[139]

2008-04-28 April 28, 2008
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Guadalupe Gutierrez-Juarez, her 37-year-old stepfather
United States  United States
Isabel Chasearez's 10-year-old daughter, from St. Anthony, Idaho, gave birth by cesarean section to a girl weighing approximately 6 lb (2.7 kg) at Madison Memorial Hospital in Rexburg after her mother's boyfriend raped her.[not in citation given] The man, an undocumented immigrant from Mexico, was jailed on one felony count of rape with impregnation; Chasearez was jailed as well for failing to provide proper prenatal care.[140][141]

2009-03-18 March 18, 2009
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Fede Datilus, a 33-year-old sex offender
United States  United States
(originally from
 Haiti)
A 10-year-old Haitian girl of Lantana, Florida, became pregnant after a 33-year-old man raped her when she was 9. Her father learned of her pregnancy only when he took her to the clinic when she suffered labor contractions on March 18, 2009. The same day, she gave birth naturally to a full-term boy. Reluctantly, she exposed Datilus to investigators who interviewed her through a Haitian Creole interpreter (she spoke only little English, having arrived illegally in the U.S. only 30 months before). She confided that she had been afraid that she and her father would be deported to Haiti – a threat the rapist had used against her. Datilus was sentenced to life imprisonment for raping a minor under 12 years, to which 5 years for impregnating her was added.[142]

2009-04-00 April 2009
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100900000000000♠ 10 years,
9 months
Flávio de Oliveira, her 24-year-old stepfather
Brazil  Brazil
A 10-year-old girl from Lagoa Grande, Minas Gerais gave birth to a boy by cesarean section in late April 2009. The director of her school learned of the girl's pregnancy on March 20 after hearing about it in playground discussions among children. The director alerted the judicial and medical-social authorities, and immediately took her to the clinic, where her condition was confirmed: the girl was almost 8 months pregnant, though it was not visible on her. That evening, she exposed her stepfather, who was arrested as he tried to escape to Gurupi in Tocantins, 470 miles (760 km) to the north, and jailed. In March 2008, he began raping her. He impregnated her in late July 2008.[143][144]

2009-06-08 June 8, 2009
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her stepfather
South Africa  South Africa
A girl from Mitchell's Plain township, southeast of Cape Town became pregnant after her 21-year-old uncle raped her. She became convinced that she was in love with him and that he was the father of her child.[145] However, DNA evidence proved the father was her 25-year-old stepfather, who had raped her as well. The girl gave birth to a daughter on June 8, 2009.[citation needed]

2009-12-14 December 14, 2009
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
A man in his mid-30s
Jamaica  Jamaica
A girl from Mountainside, Jamaica gave birth to a baby girl who died three weeks later.[146]

2010-01-04 January 4, 2010
P., M.M. P.
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her 15-year-old brother
Bolivia  Bolivia
M.P., from El Torno, Bolivia, gave birth by cesarean section to a girl weighing 2.3 kg (5.1 lb) at the Instituto Maternológico Percy Boland in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.[147] Three of the girl's brothers raped her. They were 15, 17, and 19. The youngest one was her child's biological father.[148]

2010-05-00 May 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown; thought to be her second child's father, a 46-year-old mason
Bolivia  Bolivia
The father of a 10-year-old girl's first baby was not originally known, but when the same girl from Cabezas came back to Percy Boland Hospital, in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, at age 12 to give birth again, authorities succeeded to get her to talk. They apprehended a 49-year-old mason, confirmed father of the second baby and suspected of the first. He was sentenced for rape and impregnation of a minor. It is suspected that the girl's family had allowed men to rape her in exchange for money.[149]

2010-05-00 May 2010
Ch. R., M. L.M. L. Ch. R.
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her father
Bolivia  Bolivia
The 10-year-old, initials M. L. Ch. R., from Zanja Honda, Tarija, gave birth to a 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) girl by cesarean section at the Percy Boland Maternity after a 49-year-old mason allegedly raped her. 15 months after her first child was born, she became pregnant with a son, and claimed that the father was a young man named Armando.[150][151] After her second child was born on May 7, 2012, she disappeared, and her mother admitted that both of her daughter's children were from the daughter's biological father, who had raped his child since she was 8.[152]

2010-07-12 July 12, 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100700000000000♠ 10 years,
7 months
Her 12- or 13-year-old boyfriend
Russia  Russia
The girl, from a village near Kazan, Russia, menstruated early and became pregnant shortly before she was 10, gave birth one month prematurely to a girl in Kazan.[153]

2010-08-19 August 19, 2010
Camille !"Camille"
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Her 27-year-old father
Philippines  Philippines
A 10-year-old girl, known in the media as "Camille", gave birth to a boy in Cotabato City. Her father, who was unemployed and often drunk, began raping her when she was 8.[154][155]

2010-10-26 October 26, 2010
Chiritescu, ElenaElena Chiritescu
7001100600000000000♠10 years,
6 months
Gheorghe Mecic, her 13-year-old cousin and ex-fiance
Spain  Spain
(originally from
 Romania)
Elena Chiritescu, a Romanian Romani girl, gave birth to a 6.4 lb (2.9 kg) girl named Nicoletta Narcissa at a hospital in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.[156][157] Chiritescu was already pregnant when she moved to Spain and was seen selling flowers with her family during a local celebration in Lebrija, when she was in the latest stages of pregnancy. Mecic remained in Romania.[158]

2010-10-29 October 29, 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her 24-year-old distant cousin
Colombia  Colombia
A girl of the Wiwa people gave birth by cesarean section at San Rafael Hospital in San Juan del Cesar. In late January, the girl's mother, Sebastiana María Nieves, was absent for ten days at her sick mother's bedside. During this time, when her mother was away, a 24-year-old distant cousin raped the girl.[159]

2010-11-10 November 10, 2010
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Her father
Bolivia  Bolivia
A girl gave birth to a boy weighing 2.3 kg (5.1 lb) at the Percy Boland maternity ward in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.[160]

2011-01-19 January 19, 2011
A., PaulinaPaulina A.
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Unknown
Argentina  Argentina
Paulina A., a Guaraní girl from Puerto Leoni, gave birth by cesarean section to a boy weighing 3.1 kg (6.8 lb) at a hospital in Posadas. Although her personal documentation gave her age as 10, it was suspected that she was older.[161]

2011-10-22 October 22, 2011
Edith !Edith
7001100000000000000♠10 years,
10 months
Alberto Hernández Loeza, her 28-year-old stepfather
Mexico  Mexico
A 10-year-old girl from the community of San Francisco Totimehuacan gave birth by cesarean section to a premature boy weighing 3.3 lb (1.5 kg) in Puebla.[162] She initially stated that the father was a "graying gringo with a sombrero";[163] however, her mother revealed during police interviews that the biological father was the girl's stepfather, who had raped her.[164]

2012-01-24 January 24, 2012
Villanueva, Laura MarinaLaura Marina Villanueva[not in citation given]
7001100700000000000♠ 10 years,
7 months
Gaudencio Castañeda Pulido, her elder sister's 45-year-old partner
Peru  Peru
Laura Marina Villanueva, from Santa Marta, Peru. Her older sister's 45-year-old companion, a former soldier and her neighbor, raped the girl three times, just before her birthday on June 24. Her pregnancy was discovered in late September, at 19 weeks, by chance after she was admitted for a snake bite. The father, Gaudencio Castañeda Pulido, has been on the run when the discovery was reported in the media and continued threatening to kill the girl and her mother, Nidia Villanueva Tolentino. On January 24, 2012, she delivered a 2.21 kilograms (4.9 lb) boy by cesarean section, whom she named Justin, after singer Justin Bieber. Castañeda Pulido, who had previously impregnated the girl's then-15-year-old sister, was sentenced to 35 years in jail.[165][166]

2012-03-29 March 29, 2012
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
Unknown; a 15-year-old associate of the girl is suspected
Colombia  Colombia
A girl of the Wayuu people gave birth to a 2.6 kg (5.7 lb), 47 cm (19 in) girl by cesarean section at a clinic in Riohacha. She rejected her daughter.[167][168][169][170]

2012-05-00 May 2012
ZZ !Unidentified
7001100900000000000♠ 10 years,
9 months
Antônio Lisboa Filho, her 28-year-old father
Brazil  Brazil
In late December 2011, Antônio Lisboa Filho, age 28, discovered that his ten-and-a-half-year-old daughter, whom he had been raping regularly since she was eight, was 4 months pregnant. He fled from Coroatá, Maranhão with his wife Maria Alves Conceição and their other children, abandoning the girl with her maternal grandmother. Francisca Maria Conceição, the grandmother, alerted authorities of the rape and the parents' subsequent escape. As the pregnancy had advanced past the legal cut-off date for abortions, the girl delivered the baby via cesarean section in early May 2012, a month before term.[171] According to police testimony, the man is also suspected of raping the girl's 8-year-old sister.[172]

2012-05-11 May 11, 2012
ZZ !Unidentified
7001101100000000000♠ 10 years,
11 months
Her 15-year-old distant cousin
Argentina  Argentina
The girl, from San Miguel, Argentina, was admitted to the Vidal hospital in Corrientes in early March 2012 after complaining of stomach pains and a swollen stomach. After an ultrasound the doctors realized that she was 26 weeks pregnant. The young girl stated that a 15-year-old distant cousin raped her in late August 2011. He has since been prosecuted. She gave birth one month before term by cesarean section to a 2.420 kg (5.34 lb), 45 cm (18 in) girl, who was named Tatiana and placed in an incubator and on a drip-feed.[173]

2015-13-08 August 13, 2015
ZZ !Mainumby
7001100000000000000♠10 years
Gilberto Benítez Zárate, her 42-year-old stepfather
Paraguay  Paraguay
Brought to an Asunción hospital by her mother, who believed that she was developing a tumor, where doctors discovered that she was five months pregnant and alerted authorities. The doctors told the mother that her daughter's life was at risk and she requested an abortion to the Paraguayan government, which denied it. The case in turn generated debate nationally and abroad regarding Paraguay's strict anti-abortion laws.[174] The stepfather fled, but was arrested in Boquerón, Caazapá Department. He denied being the father but was identified as such through a DNA test. Mainumby's mother had denounced Benítez for sexual abuse of her daughter four times in the previous year, but the authorities never intervened. After the doctors's discovery, she was herself arrested and charged with negligence and sexual abuse of a child, and sentenced to two months in prison after being found guilty of the former.[175]