document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who sold the most records in country music

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Chris Brown, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars, Nicki Minaj and Ed Sheeran are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified units percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

text: The requirements of certified units are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified units. In other words, the available certified units for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified units of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified units for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Issued certifications for songs which have been recorded by multiple artists including featured artists are added to each artist's total amount of certified units, as all the artists would have played a significant part in a song. For example "This Is What You Came For" and "Where Them Girls At" include Rihanna and Flo Rida, Nicki Minaj as featured artists respectively, so the certifications issued for these songs are added to the total amount of certified units for all involved artists. However, the certifications issued for songs that have been recorded by four or more artists are not included as the artists involved would have played minor roles, examples of such songs are Kanye West's "Monster" and/or "All Day".[b]

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Elton John

Madonna

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the tables below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the tables is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002271300000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 271.4 million

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[c][12]
UK: 18.245 million[c][13]
GER: 8 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[c][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[c][18][19]
ITA: 380,000[c][20]
BRA: 550,000[c][21]
SWE 485,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[c][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[c][25]
BEL: 390,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 1.606 million[c][28][29]
DEN: 270,000[c][30][31][32]
AUT: 500,000[c][33]
POL: 175,000[c][34]
NZ: 660,000[c][35][36]

600 million[37][38]
500 million[39]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[40]
1954[40]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[40]
7002223100000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 223.1 million

US: 199.150 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12]
UK: 13.145 million[c][13]
GER: 1.2 million[c][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[c][17]
AUS: 1.797 million[c][18][41]
ITA: 105,000[c][20]
BRA: 125,000[c][21]
SWE 380,000[c][22]
SPA: 300,000[c][23][42][43]
MEX: 105,000[c][44]
SWI: 185,000[c][25]
BEL: 115,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[c][28]
DEN: 120,000[c][45][46][47]
AUT: 205,000[c][33]
FIN: 213,945[c][48]
NZ: 117,500[c][35][36]

600 million[49][50]
500 million[51]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[52]
1971[52]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[52]
7002185600000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 185.6 million

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[c][12][53]
UK: 28.245 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.670 million[c][18][19][55][56][57]
ITA: 1.195 million[c][20]
BRA: 280,000[c][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[c][22][58]
SPA: 1.995 million[c][23][24][42][43][59]
MEX: 3.670 million[c][44]
SWI: 910,000[c][25]
BEL: 665,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 124,000[c][28][29]
DEN: 1.224 million[c][60][61][32]
AUT: 1.197 million[c][33]
POL: 530,000[c][34]
FIN: 384,127[48]
NZ: 902,500[35][36]

350 million[62][63]
300 million[64][65]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[66]
1982[66]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[66]
7002171000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 171 million

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [c][12][53]
UK: 29.045 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.81 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.787 million[c][18][67][68]
ITA: 465,000[c][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[c][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[c][22][58]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][42][43][59]
MEX: 510,000[c][44]
SWI: 1.080 million[c][25]
BEL: 715,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 1.098[28][29]
DEN: 407,000[c][60][61][69][32][70][71]
AUT: 602,500[c][33]
POL: 530,000[c][34]
FIN: 652,686[48]
NZ: 417,500[35][36]

300 million[72][73]
275 million[74]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[75]
1969[75]
Pop / Rock[75]
7002181000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 181 million

US: 129.350 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [c][12]
UK: 22.595 million[c][13]
GER: 7.9 million[c][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 5.975 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.947 million[c][18][76]
BRA: 835,000[c][21]
SWE: 740,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[c][23][24][43][59]
MEX: 100,000[c][44]
SWI: 1.313 million[c][25]
BEL: 390,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 128,000[28][29]
DEN: 150,000[c][46][61][77]
AUT: 765,000[c][33]
POL: 150,000[c][34]
FIN: 163,481[48]
NZ: 255,000[c][35][36]

300 million[78][79]
250 million[80][81]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[82]
1969[82]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[82]
7002140000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 140 million

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [c][12]
UK: 9.530 million[c][13]
GER: 3.775 million[c][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[c][15][16][83]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[c][18][84][85]
ITA: 420,000[c][20]
BRA: 820,000[c][21]
SPA: 450,000[c][24][43][59]
SWI: 211,000[c][25]
ARG: 360,000[c][28]
POL: 120,000[c][34]

300 million[86][87]
200 million[88][89]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[90][91]
1967[90]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[90]
7002119600000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 119.6 million

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][92]
UK: 11.520 million[c][13]
GER: 7.5 million[c][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 6.790 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[c][18][19]
ITA: 1.910 million[c][20]
BRA: 540,000[c][21]
SWE: 220,000[c][22][58]
SPA: 625,000[c][23][24][42][59]
SWI: 390,000[c][25]
BEL: 115,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 582,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 460,000[c][33]
POL: 590,000[c][34]
NZ: 787,500[c][35][36]

250 million[93][94]
200 million[95]

text: The column for certified sales includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Eminem

Mariah Carey

Queen

Celine Dion

Whitney Houston

AC/DC

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[96]
2005[96]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[96]
7002256000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 256 million

US: 188.55 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][53]
UK: 31.5 million[13]
GER: 10.075 million[14]
FRA: 1.465 million[16]
CAN: 3.120 million[17]
AUS: 9.325 million[18]
ITA: 1.550 million[c][20]
BRA: 705,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][58]
SPA: 1.470 million[23]
MEX: 410,000[44][97]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 660,000[27]
DEN: 1.127[60][61][32][69][77][98][99][100]
AUT: 135,000[33]
POL: 500,000[34]
IRE: 240,000[101]
NZ: 682,500[35][36]

230 million[102][103]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[104]
1999[104]
Hip-hop[104]
7002215500000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 215.5 million

US: 163.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][53]
UK: 23.825 million[13]
GER: 6.6 million[14]
FRA: 3.288 million[16][83]
CAN: 3.930 million[17]
AUS: 5.807 million[18]
ITA: 675,000[c][20]
BRA: 220,000[21]
SWE: 910,000[22][58]
SPA: 290,000[23][59]
MEX: 365,000[44]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 505,000[26][27]
DEN: 656,000[c][60][32]
AUT: 362,500[33]
PL: 250,000[34]
FIN: 124,547[48]
IRE: 285,000[c][101]
NZ: 600,000[35][36]

220 million[105]
200 million[106]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[107]
1990[107]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[107]
7002137300000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 137.3 million

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [c][12][53][108]
UK: 10.220 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.515 million[c][18][109]
ITA: 200,000[c][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][43][59]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 175,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 280,000[32][110]
AUT: 200,000[33]
POL: 100,000[c][34]
NZ: 240,000[c][35]

200 million[111][112]
175 million[113][114]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[115]
1973[115]
Rock[115]
7002126200000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 126.2 million

US: 65 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[c][12][53][116]
UK: 29.075 million[c][13]
GER: 12.375 million[c][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 1.870 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[c][18][19]
ITA: 545,000[c][20]
BRA: 970,000[c][21]
SWE: 190,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[c][23][24][42][43]
SWI: 1.256 million[c][25]
BEL: 150,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 205,000[32]
ARG: 1.080 million[c][28][29]
AUT: 900,000[c][33]
POL: 810,000[c][34]
FIN: 366,152[48]
NZ: 275,000[c][35][36]

200 million[117]
170 million[118]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[119]
1981[119]
Pop[119]
7002125700000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 125.7 million

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[c][12][120][121]
UK: 13.915 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.768 million[15][16][54][83]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[c][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[c][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[c][22]
SPA: 1 million[43][59]
SWI: 1.685 million[c][25]
BEL: 2.110 million[c][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[c][46][122][123][124][32]
AUT: 440,000[c][33]
POL: 680,000[c][34]
FIN: 356,183[48]
NZ: 192,500[35][36]

200 million[125][126]
175 million[127][128]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[129]
1984[129]
R&B / Soul / Pop[129]
7002114900000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 114.9 million

US: 76.775 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[c][12][130]
UK: 15.205 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[c][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.755 million[c][18][19][131]
ITA: 140,000[c][20]
BRA: 1.025[c][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[c][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][42][43]
SWI: 845,000[c][25]
BEL: 215,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[61][32]
AUT: 535,000[c][33]
POL: 180,000[c][34]
FIN: 247,222[48]

200 million[132][133]
170 million[134][135]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[136]
1975[136]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[136]
7002114900000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 114.9 million

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 5.5 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[c][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[c][17]
AUS: 7.740 million[c][18]
ITA: 775,000[c][20]
SWE: 350,000[c][22][58]
SPA: 1.355 million[c][23][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 894,000[c][25]
BEL: 100,000[c][27]
ARG: 594,000[c][28][29]
DEN: 130,000[61][32][137]
AUT: 380,000[c][33]
FIN: 321,169[48]
NZ: 140,000[c][35][36]

200 million[138][139]
150 million[140][141]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[142]
1963[142]
Rock / Blues rock [142]
7001983000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 98.3 million

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[c][12]
UK: 8.970 million[c][13]
GER: 3.8 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.377 million[c][15][16][54]
AUS: 417,500[c][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[c][17]
ITA: 205,000[c][20]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SWE: 310,000[c][22]
SPA: 690,000[c][23][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 238,000[c][25]
BEL: 120,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 718,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 300,000[c][33]
POL: 140,000[c][34]
NZ: 190,000[c][35][36]

200 million[143][144]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[145]
1972[145]
Pop / Disco[145]
7001609000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 60.9 million

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[c][53][146][147]
UK: 19.170 million[c][13]
GER: 10.450 million[c][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 2.785 million[c][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[c][18][148]
BRA: 275,000[c][21][58]
SWE: 800,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[c][23][42]
MEX: 260,000[c][44]
SWI: 600,000[c][25]
BEL: 380,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 238,000[c][28][29]
DEN: 600,000[c][149][150][151]
AUT: 175,000[c][33]
POL: 150,000[c][34]
FIN: 656,319[48]
NZ: 297,500[c][36][152][153]

200 million[154][155]
100 million[156]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Justin Bieber

Eagles

Bruno Mars

Ed Sheeran

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[157]
2006[157]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[157]
7002185300000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 185.3 million

US: 159 million[11]
JPN: 2.950 million[12][53]
UK: 8.9 million[13]
GER: 1.750[14]
FRA: 300,000[16]
CAN: 4.820 million[17]
AUS: 5.530 million[18]
ITA: 285,000[c][20]
BRA: 440,000[21]
SWE: 280,000[58]
MEX: 510,000[44][97][158]
DEN: 140,000>[32]
AUT: 100,000[33]
NZ: 382,500[35][36]

175 million[159]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[160]
1989[160]
Country[160]
7002156100000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 156.1 million

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 350,000[c][18][161]
IRE: 120,000[c][101]

160 million[162]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[163]
1972[163]
Rock[163]
7002129600000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 129.6 million

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[c][12]
UK: 8.035 million[c][13]
GER: 925,000[c][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 4.2 million[c][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[c][18][164]
SWE: 140,000[c][22]
SPA: 500,000[c][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[c][25]
DEN: 185,000[c][61]>[32]
FIN: 124,749[48]
NZ: 352,500[c][35][36]

150 million[165]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[166]
1980[166]
Rock[166]
7002107500000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 107.5 million

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[c][12]
UK: 18.720 million[13]
GER: 5.525 million[14]
FRA: 5.125 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.155 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[c][18][19][167]
ITA: 855,000[c][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[c][21]
SWE: 515,000[c][22]
SPA: 2.295 million[23][24][42][43][59]
MEX: 835,000[c][44]
SWI: 696,000[c][25]
BEL: 750,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 806,000[28][29]
DEN: 473,000[c][60][61][32][77][168]
AUT: 522,500[c][33]
POL: 370,000[c][34]
FIN: 235,460[48]
IRE: 316,000[c][101]
NZ: 765,000[35][36]

150 million[169]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[170]
1971[170]
Pop / Rock[170]
7002102600000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 102.6 million

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[c][12][171]
UK: 5.655 million[c][13]
GER: 1.250 million[c][14]
FRA: 925,000[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 3.275 million[c][17]
AUS: 1.267[c][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[c][33]
NZ: 162,500[c][35]

150 million[172]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[173]
1981[173]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[173]
7001884000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 88.4 million

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[c][12]
UK: 15.850 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[c][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[c][21]
SWE: 245,000[c][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][43][59]
SWI: 973,000[c][25]
BEL: 305,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 1.044 million[28][29]
AUT: 440,000[c][33]
FIN: 182,581[48]
NZ: 122,500[35][36]

150 million[174]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[175]
1973[175]
Hard rock[175]
7001847000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 84.7 million

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[c][12][53]
UK: 3.230 million[13]
GER: 2 million[c][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][54]
CAN: 3.950 million[c][17]
AUS: 225,000[c][18][176]
ITA: 100,000[c][20]
BRA: 600,000[c][21]
SWE: 260,000[c][22]
SPA: 200,000[c][23][43]
MEX: 230,000[c][44]
SWI: 145,000[c][25]
ARG: 338,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[c][33]
POL: 100,000[c][34]
FIN: 101,722[48]

150 million[177]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[178]
1939[178]
Pop / Swing[178]
7001375000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 37.5 million

US: 28.2 million[c][11]
UK: 5.645 million[c][13]
GER: 1 million[c][14]
FRA: 600,000[c][15]
CAN: 650,000[c][17]
AUS: 315,000[c][18][179]
BRA: 350,000[c][21]
SWE: 130,000[c][22]
SPA: 500,000[c][24][43][59]
ARG: 188,000[c][28][29]

150 million[180]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[181]
1963[181]
Pop / Adult contemporary[181]
7001975000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 97.5 million

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[c][13]
GER: 750,000[c][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 2.650 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.152 million[c][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][58]
SPA: 150,000[c][59]
FIN: 186,501[c][48]
NZ: 137,500[c][35]

145 million[182]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[183]
2009[183]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[183]
7002149000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 149 million

US: 101.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][53]
UK: 18.285 million[13]
GER: 4.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.098[16]
CAN: 5.780 million[17]
AUS: 4.795 million[18]
ITA: 1.895 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 2.020 million[22][58]
SPA: 880,000[23]
MEX: 2.970 million[44][97]
BEL: 450,000[27]
DEN: 2.250 million[32]
POL: 370,000[34]
AUT: 140,000[33]
NZ: 615,000[35]

140 million[184]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[185]
2010[185]
Pop rock / R&B[185]
7002126300000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 126.3 million

US: 89.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.2 million[12][53]
UK: 14.5 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.950 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.810 million[18]
ITA: 710,000[c][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][58]
SPA: 490,000[23]
MEX: 810,000[44][158]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 360,000[27]
DEN: 435,000[c][32][186]
AUT: 180,000[33]
NZ: 577,500[35]
PHL: 330,000[187]

130 million[188]

Ed Sheeran
United Kingdom
2004–present[189]
2011[189]
Pop / Folk pop [189]
7002123100000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 123.1 million

US: 54 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[12][53]
UK: 36.160 million[13]
GER: 7.2 million[14]
FRA: 1.691 million[16]
CAN: 6.440 million[17]
AUS: 7.490 million[18]
ITA: 2.465 million[20]
SWE: 1.360 million[58]
SPA: 730,000[23]
MEX: 180,000[44]
SWI: 475,000[25]
BEL: 615,000[27]
DEN: 2.160 million[32]
AUT: 340,000[33]
POL: 360,000[34]
NZ: 1.140 million[35]

126 million[190]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[191]
2004[191]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[191]
7002115500000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 115.5 million

US: 98.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[192]
UK: 11.260 million[13]
GER: 1.350[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 160,000[c][20]
SWE: 160,000[58]
DEN: 424,000[61][32][69][193]

121 million[194]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[195]
1973[195]
Rock[195]
7002101800000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 101.8 million

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[c][12]
UK: 7.345 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 3.2 million[c][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[c][18]
ITA: 575,000[c][20]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SWE: 810,000[c][22][58]
SPA: 1.730 million[c][23][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 400,000[c][25]
DEN: 255,000[c][60][32][69][196]
AUT: 290,000[c][33]
FIN: 449,800[48]
IRE: 189,500[c][101]
NZ: 375,000[35][36]

120 million[197]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[198]
1983[198]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[198]
7001952000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 95.2 million

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[c][12]
UK: 3.535 million[13]
GER: 4.025 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.885 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[c][18][19][199]
ITA: 180,000[c][20]
BRA: 380,000[c][21]
SWE: 675,000[c][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][43][59]
MEX: 430,000[c][44][97]
SWI: 560,000[c][25]
BEL: 360,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[32][61]
ARG: 874,000[28][29]
AUT: 340,000[c][33]
POL: 735,000[c][34]
FIN: 530,676[48]
NZ: 315,000[35][36]

120 million[200]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[201][202]
1963–2003
2009–2012[203]
1963[203]
Pop / Disco[203]
7001688000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 68.8 million

US: 42.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12][204][205]
UK: 9.525 million[c][13]
GER: 6.675 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 3.215 million[c][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[c][18]
BRA: 350,000[c][21]
SPA: 450,000[c][24][42][59]
SWI: 415,000[c][25]
ARG: 188,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[c][33]
POL: 100,000[c][34]
NZ: 380,000[c][35][36]

120 million[206]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Jay-Z

Lil Wayne

B'z

Bon Jovi

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[207]
2008[207]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[207]
7002102100000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 102.1 million

US: 69.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][53]
UK: 11.585 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1.647 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 840,000[c][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][58]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 420,000[44][97][158]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[61][32][100]
AUT: 182,500[33]
POL: 130,000[34]
IRE: 165,000[101]
NZ: 277,500[35][36]

114 million[208]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[209]
2008[209]
Pop[209]
7002137800000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 137.8 million

US: 104 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12][53]
UK: 13.010 million[13]
GER: 3.8 million[14]
FRA: 867,000[16]
CAN: 6.160 million[17]
AUS: 5.3 million[18]
ITA: 780,000[c][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 600,000[22][58]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 960,000[44][97][158]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[60][32]
AUT: 247,500[33]
NZ: 360,000[35][36]

100 million[210]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[211]
2008[211]
Pop, soul[211]
7002105400000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 105.4 million

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 21.050 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.120 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.570 million[c][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][58]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[44]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 812,500[60][32]
POL: 300,000[c][34]
FIN: 151,639[48]
NZ: 577,500[35]

100 million[212]

Jay-Z
United States
1996–present[213]
1996[213]
Hip-hop[213]
7002100600000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 100.6 million

US: 84.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[53]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 2 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 205,000[c][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][58]

100 million[214]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[215]
1999[215]
Hip-hop[215]
7001913000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 91.3 million

US: 87.7 million[11]
UK: 2.460 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 630,000[18]

100 million[216]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[217]
1988[217]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[217]
7001857000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 85.7 million

JPN: 85.75 million[c][12][53][108]

100 million[218]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[219]
1983[219]
Hard rock / Glam metal[219]
7001842000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 84.2 million

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[c][12][53]
UK: 9.490 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][54]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[c][18][220][221]
ITA: 135,000[c][20]
BRA: 435,000[c][21]
SWE: 365,000[c][22][58]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][42][43][59]
MEX: 250,000[c][44]
SWI: 1.275 million[c][25]
AUT: 725,000[c][33]
BEL: 290,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 358,000[28][29]
POL: 110,000[c][34]
FIN: 422,500[48]
NZ: 210,000[35][36]

100 million[222]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[223]
2002[223][224]
R&B / Pop[223]
7001832000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 83.2 million

US: 57.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][53]
UK: 15.145 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][83]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.975 million[18]
ITA: 270,000[c][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SWE: 120,000[22][58]
SPA: 1.030 million[c][23][225]
MEX: 110,000[44]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 312,500[61][32][69][100][226][227]
POL: 100,000[34]
NZ: 210,000[35][36]

100 million[228]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[229]
2000[229]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[229]
7001828000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 82.8 million

US: 61.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][53]
UK: 6.605 million[13]
GER: 5.850 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
ITA: 690,000[c][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][58]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[44]
SWI: 435,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 175,000[60][32]
AUT: 252,500[33]
POL: 220,000[34]
FIN: 120,469[48]
NZ: 252,500[35][36]

100 million[230]

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[231]
1999[231]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[231]
7001819000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 81.9 million

US: 30.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][53]
UK: 25.445 million[13]
GER: 4.350 million[14]
FRA: 3.013[16]
CAN: 3.525 million[17]
AUS: 3.795 million[18]
ITA: 2.795 million[c][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 750,000[22][58]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[44][97]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 765,000[27]
ARG: 528,000[28][29]
DEN: 894,000[60][32]
AUT: 197,500[33]
POL: 240,000[c][34]
IRE: 210,000[c][101]
NZ: 345,000[35]

100 million[232]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[233]
1998[233]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[233]
7001815000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 81.5 million

US: 46.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][130]
UK: 10.750 million[13]
GER: 5.350 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.165 million[18]
ITA: 200,000[c][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][58]
SPA: 990,000[23][43][59]
MEX: 1.175 million[c][44]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[33]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 248,000[28][29]
DEN: 187,500[c][60][61][234][235]
POL: 210,000[34]
FIN: 143,627[48]
NZ: 240,000[35][36]

100 million[236]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[237]
1969[237]
Rock / Pop[237]
7001781009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 78.1 million

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[c][12]
UK: 18.630 million[c][13]
GER: 3.8 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 4.055 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[c][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[c][21]
SWE: 440,000[c][22]
SPA: 290,000[c][23][24][42]
SWI: 100,000[c][25]
ARG: 524,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 100,000[c][33]
POL: 220,000[c][34]
IRE: 195,000[c][101]
NZ: 280,000[c][35][36]

100 million[238]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[239]
1968[239]
Rock / Pop[239]
7001771009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 77.1 million

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 14.585 million[c][13]
GER: 3.5 million[c][14]
FRA: 800,000[c][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[c][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[c][17]
SPA: 300,000[c][43][59]
SWI: 100,000[c][25]
BEL: 100,000[c][27]
NZ: 572,500[c][36][240][241]

100 million[242]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[243]
1987[243]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[243]
7001747000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 74.7 million

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[c][12]
UK: 6.550 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[c][18][19][164]
ITA: 685,000[c][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[c][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][42]
MEX: 760,000[c][44]
SWI: 365,000[c][25]
BEL: 165,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 1.248 million[c][28][29]
AUT: 365,000[33]
POL: 160,000[c][34]
IRE: 105,000[c][101]
NZ: 270,000[35][36]

100 million[244]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[245]
1984[245]
Country[245]
7001728000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 72.8 million

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[246]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[247]
1995[247]
Pop[247]
7001720000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 72 million

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][53][248]
UK: 4.875 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[c][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[43][59]
MEX: 1.475 million[c][44]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 450,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[33]
POL: 300,000[34]
FIN: 171,390[48]
NZ: 132,500[35]

100 million[249]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[250]
1966[250]
Pop / Rock[250]
7001686009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 68.6 million

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.330 million[c][13]
GER: 1 million[c][14]
FRA: 400,000[c][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[c][17]
AUS: 2.085 million[c][18][251]
SPA: 100,000[c][42]
NZ: 127,500[c][35][36]

100 million[252]

Santana
United States
1966–present[253]
1969[253]
Rock[253]
7001645999999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 64.6 million

US: 50.295 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[c][12]
UK: 2.980 million[c][13]
GER: 2.4 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 1.660 million[c][17]
AUS: 855,000[c][18]
BRA: 375,000[c][21]
SWE: 125,000[c][22]
SPA: 450,000[c][43][59]
MEX: 405,000[c][44]
SWI: 375,000[c][25]
BEL: 190,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 145,000[c][33]
POL: 205,000[c][34]
NZ: 135,000[c][35][36]

100 million[254]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[255]
1978[255]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[255]
7001642000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 64.2 million

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[c][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[c][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 250,000[c][25]
AUT: 125,000[c][33]
NZ: 177,500[c][35]

100 million[256]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[257]
1975[257]
Country / Pop[257]
7001601000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 61.4 million

US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][258]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[c][259][260]
SPA: 100,000[c][42]

100 million[261]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[262]
1970[262]
Rock[262]
7001606000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 60.6 million

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[c][12]
UK: 12.425 million[c][13]
GER: 1.525 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 1.955 million[c][17]
AUS: 465,000[c][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[c][58][263]
SPA: 640,000[c][24][42]
DEN: 210,000[c][61][32]

100 million[264]

Simon & Garfunkel
United States
1956–present[265]
1964[265]
Folk rock[265]
7001589000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 58.9 million

US: 42.6 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[c][12]
UK: 6.620 million[c][13]
GER: 2.325 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.9 million[c][15]
CAN: 1.425 million[c][17]
AUS: 390,000[c][18][19]
ITA: 100,000[c][20]
SWE: 150,000[c][22]
SWI: 450,000[c][25]
AUT: 100,000[c][33]
FIN: 163,350[c][48]

100 million[266]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[267]
1982[267]
R&B / Pop[267]
7001521000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 52.1 million

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [c][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[c][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[c][22]
SPA: 150,000[43][59]
SWI: 170,000[c][25]
BEL: 125,000[c][26]

100 million[268]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[269]
1968[269]
Latin[269]
7001510000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 51 million

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[c][270]
UK: 1.620 million[c][13][270]
GER: 250,000[c][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][54][270]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 505,000[c][18][270]
ITA: 400,000[c][20][270]
NLD:950,000[c][270]
BRA: 12.475 million[c][21][270]
SWE: 290,000[c][22][270]
SPA: 8.7 million[c][23][24][42][43][59][270]
MEX: 2.975 million[c][44][270]
BEL: 125,000[c][270]
ARG: 3.220 million[c][28][270]
FIN: 131,636[c][48]

100 million[271]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[272]
1969[272]
Rock / Pop[272]
7001483000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 48.3 million

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[c][12][273]
UK: 1.490 million[c][13]
GER: 250,000[c][14]
FRA: 100,000[c][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[c][24]

100 million[274]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[275]
1978[275]
Rock [275]
7001456000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 45.6 million

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.8 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[c][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[c][20]
BRA: 175,000[c][21]
SWE: 360,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[c][23][24][42][43]
SWI: 1 million[c][25]
BEL: 100,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 195,000[c][61][60][32]
AUT: 300,000[c][33]
FIN: 471,530[48]
NZ: 155,000[c][36]

100 million[276]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[277]
1963[277]
Folk / Rock[277]
7001453000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 45.3 million

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 6.025 million[c][13]
GER: 625,000[c][14]
FRA: 800,000[c][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[c][17]
AUS: 480,000[c][18]
SWI: 175,000[c][25]
NZ: 105,000[c][35]

100 million[278]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[279]
1979[279]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[279]
7001418009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 41.8 million

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][280]
SWE: 150,000[c][22]
MEX: 200,000[c][44]
SWI: 125,000[c][25]

100 million[281]

Cher
United States
1964–present[282]
1965[282]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[282]
7001410000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 41 million

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][12]
UK: 6.510 million[c][13]
GER: 4.175 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[c][16][54]
CAN: 1.340 million[c][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[c][18][283]
ITA: 300,000[c][284]
NLD: 375,000[c][285][286][287]
BRA: 125,000[c][21]
SWE: 850,000[c][22][58]
SPA: 600,000[c][43][59][284]
MEX: 200,000[c][44]
SWI: 295,000[c][25]
BEL: 275,000[c][26]
ARG: 106,000[c][28][270]
DEN: 370,000[c][284][288][32]
AUT: 250,000[c][33]
POL: 100,000[c][34]
NZ: 150,000[35][289]

100 million[290]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[291]
1969[291]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[291]
7001399000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 39.9 million

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][12]
UK: 7.325 million[c][13]
GER: 5.875 million[c][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[c][17]
SWE: 100,000[c][22]
SPA: 250,000[c][23][24][42]
SWI: 400,000[c][25]

100 million[292]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[293]
1966[293]
Pop[293]
7001357000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 35.7 million

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][12]
UK: 3.950 million[c][13]
GER: 250,000[c][14]
FRA: 1 million[54]
CAN: 3.025 million[c][17]
AUS: 450,000[c][18][19][294]

100 million[295]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[296]
1970[296]
Rock / Pop[296]
7001355000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 35.5 million

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[c][13]
CAN: 100,000[c][17]
AUS: 100,000[c][18]

100 million[297]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[298]
1962[298]
Funk / R&B / Soul[298]
7001346000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 34.6 million

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[c][12]
UK: 8.285 million[c][13]
GER: 500,000[c][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[c][15][54]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[c][42]

100 million[299]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[300]
1967[300]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[300]
7001335000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 33.5 million

US: 13.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[c][12]
UK: 13.095 million[c][13]
GER: 525,000[c][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 2.315 million[c][17]
AUS: 635,000[c][18][76]
ITA: 345,000[c][20]
SPA: 170,000[c][23][24][42]
NZ: 142,500[c][35]

100 million[301]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[302]
1975[302]
Rock / Pop[302]
7001328009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 32.8 million

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[c][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[c][22]
SPA: 700,000[c][23][24][42][43]
SWI: 565,000[c][25]
BEL: 190,000[c][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[c][33]
POL: 120,000[c][34]
FIN: 241,954[48]

100 million[303]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[304]
1968[304]
Rock / Folk / Country[304]
7001325000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 32.5 million

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[c][13]
FRA: 100,000[c][15]
CAN: 500,000[c][17]

100 million[305]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[306]
1974[306]
Pop / Disco / R&B[306]
7001308000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 30.8 million

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[c][13]
FRA: 900,000[c][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[c][17]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SPA: 100,000[c][43]

100 million[307]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[308]
1962[308]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[308]
7001307000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 30.7 million

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.610 million[c][13]
GER: 250,000[c][14]
FRA: 400,000[c][15][16][54]
CAN: 100,000[c][17]
AUS: 492,500[c][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[c][42][43]

100 million[309]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[310]
1965[310]
Rock / Hard rock[310]
7001271000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 27.1 million

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 4.105 million[c][13]
FRA: 300,000[c][15]
CAN: 425,000[c][17]
ITA: 125,000[c][20]

100 million[311]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[312]
1973[312]
R&B / Soul[312]
7001217000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 21.7 million

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[c][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[c][17]
SPA: 200,000[c][59]
BEL: 175,000[c][27]

100 million[313]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
Chris Brown

Nicki Minaj

Shania Twain

Flo Rida

Pink

Justin Timberlake

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[314]
1993[314]
Country pop[314]
7001765000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 76.5 million

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12]
UK: 7.395 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][54]
CAN: 6.880 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[c][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[59]
MEX: 100,000[c][44]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
DEN: 210,000[c][60][32]
AUT: 115,000[33]
NZ: 402,500[35][36]

90 million[315]

Pink
United States
1995–present[316]
2000[316]
Pop, Pop rock, R&B[316]
7001687000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 68.7 million

US: 32.225 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12]
UK: 13.575 million[13]
GER: 5.725 million[14]
FRA: 1.198 million[16][54]
CAN: 4.130 million[17]
AUS: 8.295 million[18]
ITA: 425,000[c][20]
SWE: 530,000[22]
MEX: 360,000[44]
SWI: 545,000[25]
BEL: 235,000[27]
DEN: 281,500[60][32]
AUT: 417,500[33]
NZ: 450,000[35][36]

90 million[317]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[318]
1969[318]
Pop[318]
7001460000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 46 million

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[c][12][121][319]
UK: 7.950 million[c][13]
GER: 250,000[c][14]
CAN: 275,000[c][17]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]

90 million[320]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[321]
1981[321]
Pop / R&B[321]
7001404000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 40.4 million

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.355 million[c][13]
GER: 1.050 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[c][17]
AUS: 260,000[c][18][322]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][42]
SWI: 145,000[c][25]

90 million[323]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[324]
1971[324]
Funk / R&B / Soul[324]
7001358009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 35.8 million

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[c][12][325][326]
UK: 2.725 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[327]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[328]
1956[328]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[328]
7001311000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 31.1 million

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.910 million[c][13]
GER: 550,000[c][14]
CAN: 490,000[c][17]
AUS: 522,500[c][18]

90 million[329]

Justin Timberlake
United States
1992–present[330]
2002[330]
Pop, R&B, Neo soul[330]
7001656009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 65.6 million

US: 43.2 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 11.720 million[13]
GER: 3.050 million[14]
FRA: 578,000[16][54]
CAN: 2.480 million[17]
AUS: 2.310 million[18]
ITA: 295,000[c][20]
SWE: 210,000[22]
SPA: 120,000[59]
MEX: 330,000[44]
SWI: 230,000[25]
BEL: 300,000[27]
DEN: 430,000[60][32]
POL: 170,000[34]
NZ: 185,000[35]

88 million[331]

Chris Brown
United States
2005–present[332]
2005[332]
Pop / R&B, Hip-hop [332]
7001995000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 99.5 million

US: 84.050 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[53]
UK: 9.840 million[13]
GER: 450,000[14]
CAN: 770,000[17]
AUS: 2.555 million[18]
ITA: 140,000[20]
BRA: 570,000[21]
SWE: 310,000[58]
MEX: 150,000[44]
DEN: 152,500[32]
NZ: 245,000[35]

86 million[333]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[334]
2010[334]
Hip-hop, Pop[334]
7001828000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 82.8 million

US: 66.5 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[53]
UK: 8.3 million[13]
GER: 1.150 million[14]
FRA: 566,000[16]
CAN: 720,000[17]
AUS: 3.115 million[18]
ITA: 485,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 420,000[22][58]
SPA: 220,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[44][97]
SWI: 120,000[25]
DEN: 220,000[32]
NZ: 232,500[35]

85 million[335]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[336]
1983[336]
Alternative rock[336]
7001427000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 42.7 million

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.765 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[c][18][19]
ITA: 225,000[c][20]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SWE: 500,000[c][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][43][59]
SWI: 450,000[c][25]
BEL: 185,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[c][28][29]
DEN: 155,000[c][60][61]
AUT: 350,000[c][33]
IRE: 127,500[c][101]
NZ: 105,000[35]

85 million[337]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[338]
2007[338]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[338]
7001708000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 70.8 million

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[c][12][53]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3.7 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 3.090 million[17]
AUS: 3.605 million[c][18]
ITA: 360,000[c][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[59]
MEX: 330,000[c][44]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[c][32]
AUT: 180,000[33]
NZ: 247,500[35][36]

80 million[339]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[340]
1998[340]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[340]
7001643000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 64.3 million

JPN: 64.3 million[12][53][108]

80 million[341][342]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[343]
1978[343]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[343]
7001643000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 64.3 million

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[c][12][130]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[c][21]

80 million[344]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[345]
1987[345]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[345]
7001586000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 58.6 million

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[c][12][53]
UK: 10.595 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.625 million[c][18][19][346]
ITA: 570,000[c][20]
BRA: 515,000[c][21]
SWE: 390,000[c][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][43][59]
MEX: 150,000[c][44]
SWI: 405,000[c][25]
BEL: 195,000[c][27]
ARG: 406,000[28][29]
DEN: 227,000[c][60][61][69][32]
AUT: 247,500[c][33]
POL: 245,000[c][34]
FIN: 171,951[48]
NZ: 285,000[35][36]

80 million[347]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[348]
1977[348]
Rock / Hard Rock[348]
7001496000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 49.6 million

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[c][18]
SWI: 125,000[c][25]

80 million[349]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[350]
1967[350]
Psychedelic rock[350]
7001469000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 46.9 million

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[c][13]
GER: 1.750 million[c][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[c][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[c][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[c][18]
ITA: 130,000[c][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[c][42][59]
SWI: 125,000[c][25]
ARG: 150,000[c][28]
AUT: 100,000[c][33]

80 million[351]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[352]
1984[352]
Pop[352]
7001469000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 46.9 million

US: 20.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 1.870 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[c][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[c][21]
SWE: 310,000[c][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 335,000[c][25]
BEL: 290,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 118,000[28][29]
DEN: 400,000[60][32][69][353]
AUT: 140,000[c][33]
POL: 340,000[c][34]
NZ: 140,000[35][36]

80 million[354]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[355]
1987[355]
Country / Country Pop[355]
7001427000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 42.7 million

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[356]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[357]
1977[357]
Rock / Hard rock[357]
7001418009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 41.8 million

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.380 million[17]
AUS: 2.522 million[c][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[c][22]
SWI: 115,000[c][25]
AUT: 100,000[c][33]

80 million[358]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–2017[359]
1977[359]
Rock[359]
7001346000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 34.6 million

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[c][22]

80 million[360]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–2017[361]
1960[361]
Rock / Pop[361]
7001250000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 25 million

FRA: 24.272 million[c][15][16][54][83][362]
SWI: 268,000[c][25]
BEL: 485,000[c][26][27]

80 million[363]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Maroon 5

Journey

The Black Eyed Peas

R. Kelly

Usher

Kenny G

Robbie Williams

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[c]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[364]
1998[364]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[364]
7001565000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 56.5 million

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][53]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 3.150 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[c][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][58]
SPA: 460,000[c][23]
MEX: 390,000[c][44]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[c][32][69][100][365][365][366]
IRE: 135,000[c][101]
NZ: 340,000[35][36]

76 million[367]

Maroon 5
United States
1994–present[368]
2002[368]
Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop[368]
7001656009999900000♠
show

Total available certified units: 65.6 million

US: 37.2 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[12][53]
UK: 9.960 million[13]
GER: 2.550[14]
FRA: 792,000[16]
CAN: 3.925 million[17]
AUS: 2.975 million[18]
ITA: 760,000[c][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 770,000[22][58]
SPA: 230,000[c][23]
MEX: 3.365[44]
DEN: 472,500[c][32][61][60]
NZ: 300,000[35]

75 million[369]

Journey
United States
1973–present[370]
1975[370]
Rock / Soft rock[370]
7001621000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 62.1 million

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[c][12][371]
UK: 1.4 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[372]

R. Kelly
United States
1989–present[373]
1991[373]
R&B / Soul / Hip-pop[373]
7001553000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 55.3 million

US: 46.9 million[11]
UK: 5.420 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 300,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[18]
SWI: 100,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[26]

75 million[374]

Usher
United States
1991–present[375]
1994[375]
R&B / Pop[375]
7001552000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 55.2 million

US: 40.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][53]
UK: 8.725 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][58]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 137,500[c][32][61]
NZ: 150,000[35]

75 million[376]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[377]
1984[377]
Smooth jazz[377]
7001521000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 52.1 million

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[c][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
AUS: 245,000[c][18][179]
BRA: 1.350 million[c][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][43]

75 million[378]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[379]
1996[379]
Pop rock[379]
7001516000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 51.6 million

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.550 million[13]
GER: 10.275 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][54]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 385,000[c][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][58]
SPA: 440,000[c][23][59]
MEX: 1.595 million[c][44]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
ARG: 462,000[28][29]
DEN: 676,500[c][60][61][32][69][77]
AUT: 917,500[33]
POL: 140,000[34]
FIN: 235,743[48]
IRE: 135,000[c][101]
NZ: 445,000[35]

75 million[380]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[381]
1991[381]
Hip-hop[381]
7001515000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 51.5 million

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.435 million[13]
GER: 650,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 430,000[18][382]

75 million[383]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[384]
1987[384]
New-age / Celtic[384]
7001501000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 50.1 million

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[c][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[c][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[c][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][43]
MEX: 125,000[c][44]
SWI: 370,000[c][25]
BEL: 510,000[c][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[c][30][385][386][387]
AUT: 185,000[c][33]
POL: 120,000[c][34]
NZ: 135,000[35]

75 million[388]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[389]
1980[389]
Country / Pop rock[389]
7001480000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 48 million

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[390]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[391]
1989[391]
Grunge / Alternative rock[391]
7001467000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 46.7 million

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[c][12]
UK: 5.970 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.362[c][18][199][392][251][393]
ITA: 600,000[c][20]
BRA: 725,000[c][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][43]
MEX: 475,000[c][44]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 375,000[c][26][27]
ARG: 522,000[28][29]
DEN: 160,000[c][32]
AUT: 230,000[c][33]
POL: 335,000[c][34]
NZ: 215,000[35][36]

75 million[394]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[395]
1979[395]
Rock[395]
7001450000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 45 million

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[c][12]
UK: 8.735 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][54]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[c][18][396]
BRA: 100,000[c][21]
SWE: 440,000[c][22]
SPA: 450,000 [c][24][43][59]
SWI: 805,000[c][25]
BEL: 350,000[c][26][27]
DEN: 105,000[c][61][32]
AUT: 375,000[c][33]
FIN: 183,444[48]

75 million[397]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[398]
1975[398]
Reggae[398]
7001394000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 39.4 million

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[c][12]
UK: 7.7 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[399][400]
ITA: 250,000[c][20]
SWE: 120,000[c][22]
SPA: 450,000[c][24][42][43][59]
SWI: 303,000[c][25]
BEL: 225,000[27]
ARG: 376,000[c][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[c][33]
NZ: 427,500[c][35][36]

75 million[401]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[402]
1978[402]
Pop / Rock[402]
7001392000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 39.2 million

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[c][12]
UK: 8.560 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][54]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[c][18]
ITA: 100,000[c][20]
BRA: 140,000[c][21]
SPA: 300,000[c][24][42]
MEX: 100,000[c][44]
BEL: 115,000[c][403][404][405]
ARG: 228,000[c][28][29]

75 million[406]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[407]
1973[407]
Pop / Soft rock[407]
7001365000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 36.5 million

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[c][17]

75 million[408]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[409]
1974[409]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[409]
7001278000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 27.8 million

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[c][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[c][18]
ARG: 112,000[c][28]

75 million[410]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[411]
1961[411]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[411]
7001247000000000000♠
show

Total available certified units: 24.7 million

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[c][13]
FRA: 275,000[c][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[c][17]

75 million[412]


document_title: Duodenum

question_text: what portion of the duodenum includes the duodenal bulb

root

text: Duodenum

text: Structure[edit]

text: The duodenum is a 25–30 cm (10-12 inch) C-shaped structure lying adjacent to the stomach. It is divided anatomically into four sections. The first part of the duodenum lies within the peritoneum but its other parts are retroperitoneal.[8]:273

tag: p

text: First part[edit]

text: The first part, or superior part, of the duodenum is a continuation from the pylorus to transpyloric plane . It is superior to the rest of the segments, at the vertebral level of L1. The duodenal bulb about 2 cm long, is the very first part of the duodenum and is slightly dilated. The duodenal bulb is a remnant of the mesoduodenum, a mesentery which suspend the organ from the posterior abdominal wall in fetal life.[9] The first part of the duodenum is mobile, and connected to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament of the lesser omentum. The first part of the duodenum ends at the corner, the superior duodenal flexure.[8]:273

text: Relations:[citation needed]

text:
Anterior

Gallbladder
Quadrate lobe of liver

Posterior

Bile duct
Gastroduodenal artery
Portal vein
Inferior vena cava
Head of pancreas

Superior

Neck of gallbladder
Hepatoduodenal ligament (lesser omentum)

Inferior

Neck of pancreas
Greater omentum
Head of pancreas

tag: ul

text: Second part[edit]

text: The second part, or descending part, of the duodenum begins at the superior duodenal flexure. It goes inferior to the lower border of vertebral body L3, before making a sharp turn medially into the inferior duodenal flexure, the end of the descending part.[8]:274

text: The pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum, through the major duodenal papilla. The second part of the duodenum also contains the minor duodenal papilla, the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct. The junction between the embryological foregut and midgut lies just below the major duodenal papilla.[8]:274

text: Third part[edit]

text: The third part, or horizontal part or inferior part of the duodenum begins at the inferior duodenal flexure and passes transversely to the left, passing in front of the inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta and the vertebral column. The superior mesenteric artery and vein are anterior to the third part of duodenum.[8]:274 This part may be compressed between the aorta and SMA causing superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

text: Fourth part[edit]

text: The fourth part, or ascending part, of the duodenum passes upward, joining with the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure. The fourth part of the duodenum is at the vertebral level L2, and may pass directly on top of, or slightly left to, the aorta.[8]:274

text: Blood supply[edit]

text: The duodenum receives arterial blood from two different sources. The transition between these sources is important as it demarcates the foregut from the midgut. Proximal to the 2nd part of the duodenum (approximately at the major duodenal papilla – where the bile duct enters) the arterial supply is from the gastroduodenal artery and its branch the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Distal to this point (the midgut) the arterial supply is from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and its branch the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the 3rd and 4th sections. The superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from the gastroduodenal artery and SMA respectively) form an anastomotic loop between the celiac trunk and the SMA; so there is potential for collateral circulation here.

text: The venous drainage of the duodenum follows the arteries. Ultimately these veins drain into the portal system, either directly or indirectly through the splenic or superior mesenteric vein.

text: Lymphatic drainage[edit]

text: The lymphatic vessels follow the arteries in a retrograde fashion. The anterior lymphatic vessels drain into the pancreatoduodenal lymph nodes located along the superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal arteries and then into the pyloric lymph nodes (along the gastroduodenal artery). The posterior lymphatic vessels pass posterior to the head of the pancreas and drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels from the duodenal lymph nodes ultimately pass into the celiac lymph nodes.

text: Histology[edit]

text: Under microscopy, the duodenum has a villous mucosa. This is distinct from the mucosa of the pylorus, which directly joins to the duodenum. Like other structures of the gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum has a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia. Glands line the duodenum, known as Brunner's glands, which secrete mucus and bicarbonate in order to neutralise stomach acids. These are distinct glands not found in the ileum or jejunum, the other parts of the small intestine.[10] :274–275

text:
Dog Duodenum 100X

Duodenum with amyloid deposition in lamina propria

Section of duodenum of cat. X 60

Micrograph showing giardiasis on a duodenal biopsy (H&E stain)

Duodenum with brush border (microvillus)

text: Variation[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2013)

tag: table

text: Function[edit]

text: The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine, using enzymes. The villi of the duodenum have a leafy-looking appearance, which is a histologically identifiable structure. Brunner's glands, which secrete mucus, are found in the duodenum only. The duodenum wall is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the muscularis mucosae. The duodenum is almost entirely retroperitoneal. It has three parts and each part has its own significance.

text: The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach via hormonal pathways. Secretin and cholecystokinin are released from cells in the duodenal epithelium in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and releases gastric chyme into the duodenum for further digestion. These cause the liver and gall bladder to release bile, and the pancreas to release bicarbonate and digestive enzymes such as trypsin, lipase and amylase into the duodenum as they are needed.

text: Gene and protein expression[edit]

text: About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 70 % of these genes are expressed in the normal duodenum.[11][12] Some 300 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the duodenum with very few genes expressed only in the duodenum. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in the duodenal mucosa and many of these are also expressed in the small intestine, such as ANPEP, a digestive enzyme, ACE an enzyme involved in control of blood pressure, and RBP2 a protein involved in the uptake of vitamin A.[13]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Ulceration[edit]

text: Ulcers of the duodenum commonly occur because of infection by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. These bacteria, through a number of mechanisms, erode the protective mucosa of the duodenum, predisposing it to damage from gastric acids. The first part of the duodenum is the most common location of ulcers as it is where the acidic chyme meets the duodenal mucosa before mixing with the alkaline secretions of the duodenum.[14] Duodenal ulcers may cause recurrent abdominal pain and dyspepsia, and are often investigated using a urea breath test to test for the bacteria, and endoscopy to confirm ulceration and take a biopsy. If managed, these are often managed through antibiotics that aim to eradicate the bacteria, and PPIs and antacids to reduce the gastric acidity.[15]

text: Celiac disease[edit]

text: The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines specify that a duodenal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of adult celiac disease. The biopsy is ideally performed at a moment when the patient is on a gluten-containing diet.[16]

text: Other[edit]

text: Other causes of disease include:

text:
Inflammation of the duodenum, known as duodenitis.
Cancer of the duodenum, known as duodenal cancer.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Sections of the small intestine

The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed

Superior and inferior duodenal fossæ

Duodenojejunal fossa

The pancreas and duodenum from behind

Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas

The pancreatic duct

Region of pancreas

Duodenum

Duodenum

Duodenum


document_title: List of best-selling PlayStation 4 video games

question_text: what is the best selling game for ps4

question_tokens: what is the best selling game for ps4

text: List[edit]

text:
PlayStation 4 games which have sold or shipped at least one million copies

Title
Total copies sold
Sales breakdown
Release date
Genre
Developer
Publisher

Uncharted 4: A Thief's End
7000870000000099999♠8.7 million[1]

7005190230000000000♠190,230 at retail in Japan[2]
879,000 at retail in the United States[3][D]
500,000 in Germany[4]

WW: May 10, 2016

Action-adventure
Naughty Dog
Sony Interactive Entertainment

Horizon Zero Dawn
7000340000000000000♠3.4 million[5]

7005204517000000000♠204,517 at retail in Japan[6]
200,000 in Germany[7]
286,538 at retail in the United Kingdom[8]
915,000 digital sales worldwide[5]

NA: February 28, 2017
EU: March 1, 2017
JP: March 2, 2017

Action role-playing
Guerrilla Games
Sony Interactive Entertainment

FIFA 17
7000290000000000000♠2.9 million[9][10][11]

7004988610000000000♠98,861 at retail in Japan[2]
Over 500,000 in Asia (including Japan) overall[11]
1,500,000 in Germany[9]
971,583 at retail in France[10]

NA: September 27, 2016
WW: September 29, 2016

Sports
EA Canada
EA Bucharest
EA Sports

Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy
7000250000000000000♠2.5 million[12]

7004462370000000000♠46,237 at retail in Japan[13]
400,000 in the United States[14]
100,000 in Germany[15]

WW: June 30, 2017
JP: August 3, 2017

Platformer, video game compilation
Vicarious Visions
Activision

Final Fantasy XV
7000250000000000000♠2.5 million[16][17][10][18]

7006110000000000000♠1,100,000 overall in Japan[16]
Over 1,119,000 in the United States[18][E]
200,000 in Germany[17]
167,774 at retail in France[10]

WW: November 29, 2016

Action role-playing
Square Enix Business Division 2
Square Enix

Killzone Shadow Fall
7000210000000000000♠2.1 million[19]

7004408370000000000♠40,837 at retail in Japan[20]

NA: November 15, 2013
PAL: November 29, 2013
JP: February 22, 2014

First-person shooter
Guerrilla Games
Sony Computer Entertainment

Bloodborne
7000200000000000000♠2 million[21]

7005217720000000000♠217,720 at retail in Japan[22]

NA: March 24, 2015
EU: March 25, 2015
AU: March 25, 2015
JP: March 26, 2015
UK: March 27, 2015

Action role-playing
FromSoftware
Sony Computer Entertainment

Driveclub
7000200000000000000♠2 million[23]

7003862000000000000♠8,620 at retail in Japan[24]

NA: October 7, 2014
EU: October 8, 2014
UK: October 10, 2014

Racing
Evolution Studios
Sony Computer Entertainment

Knack
7000200000000000000♠2 million[25]

7005393348000000000♠393,348 at retail in Japan[26][C]

NA: November 15, 2013
PAL: November 29, 2013
JP: February 22, 2014

Platformer, beat 'em up
SCE Japan Studio
Sony Computer Entertainment

Monster Hunter: World
7000200000000000000♠2 million[27][28]

7006200000000000000♠2,000,000 overall in Japan[27][28]
1,591,356 at retail in Japan[29]

WW: January 26, 2018

Action role-playing
Capcom
Capcom

Grand Theft Auto V
7000170000000000000♠1.7 million[30][22][17][10][11]

7005578165000000000♠578,165 at retail in Japan[30][22][A]
Over 1,000,000 in Asia (including Japan) overall[11]
500,000 in Germany[17]
294,433 at retail in France[10]

WW: November 18, 2014
JP: December 11, 2014

Action-adventure
Rockstar North
Rockstar Games

Street Fighter V
7000150000000000000♠1.5 million[31][32]

7004852860000000000♠85,286 at retail in Japan[2]

WW: February 16, 2016

Fighting
Capcom
Dimps
Capcom

The Last of Us Remastered
7000150000000000000♠1.5 million[33]

7004968680000000000♠96,868 at retail in Japan[2]

NA: July 29, 2014
AU: July 30, 2014
EU: July 30, 2014
UK: August 1, 2014

Action-adventure, survival horror
Naughty Dog
Sony Computer Entertainment

FIFA 18
7000140000000099999♠1.4 million[34][11]

7004797010000000000♠79,701 at retail in Japan[35]
Over 500,000 in Asia (including Japan) overall[11]
1,000,000 in Germany[34]

WW: September 29, 2017

Sports
EA Canada
EA Romania
EA Sports

Nier: Automata
7000140000000099999♠1.4 million[36]

7005352096000000000♠352,096 at retail in Japan[37]

JP: February 23, 2017
NA: March 7, 2017
PAL: March 10, 2017
AS: April 27, 2017

Action role-playing
PlatinumGames
Square Enix

Dragon Quest XI: Echoes of an Elusive Age
7000130000000000000♠1.3 million[38]

7006134758200000000♠1,347,582 at retail in Japan[38]

JP: July 29, 2017
NA: 2018
PAL: 2018

Role-playing
Armor Project
Orca
Square Enix

Battlefield 1
7000130000000000000♠1.3 million[39][10][17][11]

7005261179000000000♠261,179 at retail in Japan[39]
500,000 in Asia (including Japan) overall[11]
500,000 in Germany[17]
363,839 at retail in France[10]

WW: October 21, 2016

First-person shooter
EA DICE
Electronic Arts

Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain
7000110000000000000♠1.1 million[40][2][41]

7005467698000000000♠467,698 at retail in Japan[2]
550,000 at retail in the United States[40]
100,000 in Germany[41]

WW: September 1, 2015
JP: September 2, 2015

Action-adventure, stealth
Kojima Productions
Konami

Call of Duty: Black Ops III
7000100000000000000♠1 million[42][2][43][10]

7005376183000000000♠376,183 at retail in Japan[2][43][B]
500,000 in Germany[42]
170,893 at retail in France[10]

WW: November 6, 2015

First-person shooter
Treyarch
Activision

Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age
7000100000000000000♠1 million[44]

7005132188000000000♠132,188 at retail in Japan[30]

WW: July 11, 2017
JP: July 13, 2017

Role-playing
Square Enix
Virtuos
Square Enix

Infamous Second Son
7000100000000000000♠1 million[45]

7004473960000000000♠47,396 at retail in Japan[46]

WW: March 21, 2014

Action-adventure
Sucker Punch Productions
Sony Computer Entertainment

Nioh
7000100000000000000♠1 million[47]

7005133401000000000♠133,401 at retail in Japan[48]
500,000 sales in Asia (including Japan) overall[49]

NA: February 7, 2017
PAL: February 8, 2017
JP: February 9, 2017

Action role-playing
Team Ninja
Sony Interactive Entertainment
JP Koei Tecmo