document_title: Doctor Who (series 10)

question_text: when does the doctor who christmas special come out 2017

text: Doctor Who (series 10)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The sixth, seventh and eighth episodes of the series, "Extremis", "The Pyramid at the End of the World", and "The Lie of the Land", constitute a three-part arc while remaining separate stories.[1] The episodes "World Enough and Time" and "The Doctor Falls" serve as the series' two-part finale and only multi-part story, in the same format as the eighth series.[2]

text:
Story
Episode
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [3]
AI [3]

Special (2016)

264
–
"The Return of Doctor Mysterio"
Ed Bazalgette
Steven Moffat
25 December 2016 (2016-12-25)
7.83
82

The Doctor and Nardole investigate the New York branch of "Harmony Shoal", a multinational research company. Also investigating is journalist Lucy Fletcher, and they discover that Harmony Shoal is transplanting alien brains into humans. One of the alien workers finds the three, but they are rescued by the superhero called the Ghost, an alter ego for Grant Gordon, whom the Doctor met several years before when Grant was a child and accidentally turned him into a superhero. Grant is also a nanny working for Lucy, who is unaware of Grant's true identity. The Doctor and Nardole find the aliens' ship, but soon discover that it has been turned into a bomb that will crash into New York as part of a complex plan to implant the alien brains into world leaders, thereby giving them control of the Earth. The Doctor aims the ship towards New York earlier than planned and the collision is stopped by Grant, revealing his identity to Lucy. After he and Lucy announce their love for each other, Grant throws the ship into the sun. UNIT then shuts down Harmony Shoal, but an alien brains implants itself into a UNIT soldier.

Series

265
1
"The Pilot"
Lawrence Gough
Steven Moffat
15 April 2017 (2017-04-15)
6.68
83

The Doctor and Nardole have occupied themselves under the guise of a university professor and assistant. Bill Potts is called to the Doctor's office, where she becomes the Doctor's student. Bill is intrigued by a student named Heather. Heather asks her to inspect a puddle, asking her if she can see what's wrong with her reflection. The Doctor investigates the puddle, and notes that it is not a reflection, but something mimicking them. Bill returns to her flat, where she is chased by a moving body of fluid: a living fluid from an alien ship that has absorbed Heather and her feelings for Bill. Bill runs to the Doctor's office and they flee into the TARDIS. The Doctor moves the TARDIS, where he and Nardole check on a vault they are guarding. The TARDIS lands again in Australia, where the Doctor admits who he is. The fluid follows them to another planet in the future, then through a Dalek battle, but survives. Bill convinces "Heather" to let her go, and it departs. The Doctor and Bill return to his office, where he attempts to wipe Bill's memories of the day but she stops him. As Bill leaves, she finds the Doctor waiting with the TARDIS, and joins him.

266
2
"Smile"
Lawrence Gough
Frank Cottrell-Boyce
22 April 2017 (2017-04-22)
5.98
83

The Doctor and Bill arrive on one of Earth's first colonised planets, Gliese 581d. They are greeted only by two different types of robots: swarm robots (Vardies) and slow but sentient emojibots. An emojibot gives the Doctor and Bill discs that communicate their true emotions. The Doctor theorizes that the planet is awaiting the colonists but soon realizes that the setup crew has been killed by emojibots and their skeletons crushed to feed the plants. Determined to blow up the city, he finds the main ship within it and its engine room, but Bill runs into a child who has awoken from a pod. The colonists were cryogenically frozen, with a few "shepherds" woken early to work. After one shepherd died, the emojibots could not recognise grief and killed all in mourning in an onslaught against sadness. The awakened colonists decide to fight back, but the Doctor wipes the memory of the robots and reboots everything... only humans must now learn to live with the Vardies, the planet's indigenous species. When the TARDIS returns the Doctor and Bill to London, they discover themselves on a frozen Thames River, with an elephant walking towards them on the ice.

267
3
"Thin Ice"
Bill Anderson
Sarah Dollard
29 April 2017 (2017-04-29)
5.61
84

The Doctor and Bill find they have arrived in 1814 London, in the midst of a frost fair on the frozen Thames. The Doctor's sonic screwdriver is stolen by Spider, an orphan pickpocket led by Kitty. The Doctor and Bill chase after Spider and Kitty. Glowing lights under the ice encircle Spider's feet and he is pulled through the ice. The Doctor and Bill don diving suits and purposely let the lights take them; they find a giant sea creature ensnared by chains. They learn from Kitty of Lord Sutcliffe; Sutcliffe affirms his family has used the creature to amass a fortune by collecting and selling its waste as a replacement for coal. Sutcliffe sends the Doctor and Bill to be eaten, while he rigs a bomb to cause the ice to shatter. The Doctor and Bill escape, and the Doctor takes the bomb and places it on the creature's chains. When Sutcliffe sets off the bomb, the creature is freed. They return to the present, where Nardole scolds the Doctor for breaking his oath. While checking the Vault beneath the University, Nardole hears something behind it knock repeatedly.

268
4
"Knock Knock"
Bill Anderson
Mike Bartlett
6 May 2017 (2017-05-06)
5.73
83

Bill and five students sign a lease with a mysterious Landlord to live in his manor house. After helping Bill move in, the Doctor becomes suspicious of the Landlord. A number of the students mysteriously disappear and the groups are separated. The Doctor along with Harry, one of the students, discover a strange cockroach-like creature which the former nicknames "Dryads". Down in the basement they discover leases from decades ago. The Landlord reveals the whole incident was to keep his daughter, Eliza, alive. Bill and another student, Shireen, come across Eliza who is revealed to composed of wood. After finding Bill, the Doctor realises that the Landlord is actually Eliza's son. The Landlord attempts to send the Dryads after the Doctor and Bill, but Eliza manages to control them. She embraces the Landlord as the Dryads consume them. The students are restored to their physical bodies as the house collapses. Back at the university, the Doctor enters the vault to feed their prisoner as piano music echoes from inside.

269
5
"Oxygen"
Charles Palmer
Jamie Mathieson
13 May 2017 (2017-05-13)
5.27
83

Nardole accompanies the Doctor and Bill to a space station to answer a distress call. Most of the crew have been killed by their smartsuits, robotic spacesuits capable of independent movement which are the only source of oxygen on the station, forcing the TARDIS crew to don spares. The suits received an order to "deactivate organic components"; some crew survived by being disconnected, but networked suits can transmit the command by touch. Bill's suit malfunctions, forcing the Doctor to give her his helmet to save her, exposing himself to the vacuum of space, which blinds him; he later leaves her behind to be electrocuted, knowing her suit hasn't the power for a lethal shock. The algorithm used by the company determined the crew were inefficient and thus too expensive to keep alive. He wires the survivors' life signs to the station so that if they die it will explode, making it more expensive to kill them, so the suits give over their remaining oxygen. Bill is revived, the Doctor's eyes are repaired, and the survivors return to their head office to complain. Back at the university, the Doctor reveals to Nardole he is still blind.

270
6
"Extremis"
Daniel Nettheim
Steven Moffat
20 May 2017 (2017-05-20)
5.53
82

A long time ago, the Doctor is sent to execute Missy, only to have Nardole interrupt on the behest of River Song. The Doctor refuses to kill Missy, instead opting to imprison and guard her for 1000 years. In the present, the Pope comes to the Doctor, asking to help translate a text called "Veritas". Everyone who has read it has committed suicide, and the Doctor, Nardole, and Bill are brought to the Vatican to investigate. While there, Bill and Nardole discover a portal which leads them to the Pentagon. They find the portals being projected lead to different locations all over the world. The Doctor temporarily restores his sight using Time Lord technology, but is ambushed by aliens. Nardole realizes the projectors are not projecting portals, but the whole world. His realization causes him to dematerialize. Bill finds the Doctor, who tells her the world is a simulation, and Veritas contains the proof. Bill then disappears due to the alien's intervention, the Doctor realizing this is a test to see if they can conquer the Earth. However, the simulation is too exact, as his sonic sunglasses still work perfectly, and the virtual Doctor sends his information to the real Doctor warning of the coming invasion.

271
7
"The Pyramid at the End of the World"
Daniel Nettheim
Peter Harness and Steven Moffat
27 May 2017 (2017-05-27)
5.79
82

The Doctor is called in by the Secretary-General of the U.N. after a pyramid mysteriously appears on the strategic border of the Russian, Chinese and U.S. armies. It is revealed the Monks are responsible for the pyramid and that they have forseen a disaster through their simulations, offering an opportunity to save humanity if they consent to their rule. Elsewhere in a biochemical lab, a scientist accidentally misreads the levels of chemicals in an experiment releasing deadly biochemical bacteria. The Secretary-General offers his consent, but is killed when he is viewed to be acting out of fear. The Doctor surmises that the disaster was unrelated to war, but may be biochemical. After the Doctor and Nardole locate the lab, Nardole collapses following exposure to the bacteria whilst waiting in the TARDIS. The Doctor with the assistance of Erica, a lab worker, surmises the only way to stop it would be to destroy the lab. He becomes stuck on the side of a manual lock however, due to his blindness. Bill makes a deal with the Monks to restore the Doctor's sight despite his protests. He manages to escape but at the expense of handing the planet over to the Monks.

272
8
"The Lie of the Land"
Wayne Yip
Toby Whithouse
3 June 2017 (2017-06-03)
4.82
82

The Monks now rule the planet, and to most of humanity, they appear to have been on Earth for millions of years, guiding human development. Bill and a few others know the truth. Nardole locates Bill, and they search for the Doctor. They locate him, but he is cooperating with the Monks. Bill shoots him and it appears he is regenerating, but it is all a trick to see whether Bill has been fooled by the Monks. At the university, the Doctor speaks to Missy, who reveals Bill has to die to break the Monk's influence on Earth. The Doctor hopes there is another solution, and infiltrates the Monk's pyramid in London. The Doctor attempts to break the link but fails. Bill prepares to sacrifice herself, however the Monk's images are replaced with those of Bill's mother, which represents hope. Due to their actions, the Monks leave and humanity recall none of the events. Back in the Vault, Missy expresses remorse at those she has murdered.

273
9
"Empress of Mars"
Wayne Yip
Mark Gatiss
10 June 2017 (2017-06-10)
5.02
83

NASA finds the words "God save the Queen" buried under the ice cap of Mars. The Doctor, Bill and Nardole venture to Mars in 1881 and discover soldiers from Victorian Britain. Nardole goes back into the TARDIS, but it returns to the university, and he asks Missy for help getting back. The humans have befriended an Ice Warrior named Friday. Captain Catchlove says they rescued Friday from his crashed spaceship, and Friday allowed the soldiers to use his technology to mine Mars. They unearth the tomb of the Ice Empress Iraxxa; one guard revives her. Friday tells Iraxxa that the Martian surface is uninhabitable. She decides to relent, but a soldier fires his rifle; provoked, she returns fire. Iraxxa starts reviving Ice Warriors. The Doctor threatens to use the mining device to bury them all. Catchlove holds Iraxxa at knifepoint and attempts to force her to help him pilot a spaceship. Godsacre kills Catchlove. Iraxxa calls off the attack in exchange for Godsacre pledging himself to her. The Doctor contacts Alpha Centauri to assist the Ice Warriors, and also leaves the message for NASA. Nardole re-appears with the TARDIS and Missy, who expresses concern about the Doctor.

274
10
"The Eaters of Light"
Charles Palmer
Rona Munro
17 June 2017 (2017-06-17)
4.73
81

The Doctor and Bill, disagreeing about the fate of the Ninth Legion of the Imperial Roman army, travel in the TARDIS to the 2nd century in Scotland. Bill goes her own way, while the Doctor and Nardole look for their bodies. Bill encounters the Legion's soldiers hiding from a creature drawn to any light source, killing those in its path. Meanwhile, the Doctor and Nardole discover the corpses of the remaining Legion. They later come across a Pict tribe guarding a cairn. The Doctor enters the cairn, passing into an interdimensional portal. The Pict explains that a warrior goes through the cairn to defeat an "Eater of Light", but with the invading Roman army, she allowed one to escape to fight them. Bill leads the surviving legion away from the creature and end up reuniting with the Doctor and Nardole. The Doctor works out a plan to lure the Eater back to the portal during daylight, but it requires someone inside preventing the creature's escape. Once the creature is trapped, The Pict and the Ninth Legion sacrifice themselves to stop the creatures. Back in the TARDIS, Missy awaits their return, to the surprise of Bill and Nardole. The Doctor tells Missy that he has hope she will turn good.

275a
11
"World Enough and Time"
Rachel Talalay
Steven Moffat
24 June 2017 (2017-06-24)
5.00
85

In a flash forward, the Doctor stumbles from the TARDIS into a snowy landscape and begins regenerating. Earlier, the Doctor proposed to test Missy by having her answer a distress call. They arrive via TARDIS on a colony ship reversing away from a black hole. They are held at gunpoint by Jorj, who demands to know which of them is human, and Jorj shoots Bill. The Doctor, Missy, and Nardole learn that a few days ago, some of the crew had gone down to the ship's lower decks but never returned. Jorj claims the ship is otherwise empty, but the Doctor shows there are thousands of humans, descendants of the crew: due to time dilation, time moves much faster on the decks furthest from the black hole. Bill awakens in a hospital, having been fitted with a replacement heart. Razor, the hospital caretaker, explains that some of the patients are waiting to be "upgraded" to escape the ship's polluted air. Years later, they see footage of the Doctor coming down the lift, while only a few minutes have passed for the Doctor. The Doctor, Nardole and Missy arrive and discover the origin of the colony ship: Mondas. Razor approaches Missy and reveals himself to be her previous incarnation, formerly known as the Master. The Doctor and Nardole find a Cyberman who reveals itself as Bill.

275b
12
"The Doctor Falls"
Rachel Talalay
Steven Moffat
1 July 2017 (2017-07-01)
5.29
83

Escaping to a higher floor of the ship, the Doctor tries to comfort Bill, who has retained her humanity, though this is wearing thin. This floor of the ship is a simulated countryside, where the group helps defend the villagers from the oncoming Cybermen. Knowing they are outnumbered, the Doctor attempts to convince Missy and the Master to help him. They refuse, though Missy seems conflicted. Hoping to save the villagers, the Doctor tells Nardole to take them to another floor while he sacrifices himself. Bill opts to stay with the Doctor, and Nardole says goodbye, taking the villagers to safety. Elsewhere, before escaping to their TARDIS, Missy betrays the Master to help the Doctor by stabbing him in the back, triggering the regeneration process. He shoots her in return, killing her and preventing her regeneration. The Doctor fights off the Cybermen, but is severely wounded in the process. He proceeds to blow up the whole floor, killing himself. Bill survives, with Heather appearing before her. They kiss, and Heather reveals she has changed Bill into her species so she could live on. The two take the Doctor's body back to his TARDIS, before she and Heather leave to see the universe together. The Doctor awakens as the regeneration process begins. He attempts to stop it, and exits the TARDIS into a snowy landscape, where he is greeted by the First Doctor.

Special (2017)

276
–
"Twice Upon a Time"
Rachel Talalay
Steven Moffat
25 December 2017 (2017-12-25)
7.92
81

Wandering back to his TARDIS at the South Pole, the First Doctor refuses to regenerate. He encounters the Twelfth Doctor outside his own TARDIS in a similar state of mind. The pair are approached by a displaced, confused and injured First World War British captain. All three are abducted by a spaceship, where inside they meet Bill Potts. They are offered freedom by the ship's glass-like holographic pilot in exchange for allowing the return of the Captain. They escape and take the First Doctor's TARDIS to Villengard. Alone, the Twelfth Doctor meets with the rogue Dalek Rusty. Given access to the Dalek Hivemind, the Doctor learns that the pilot and its ship, known as Testimony is designed to extract people when they died, and archive their memories; Bill is one such avatar. The Doctors agree to return the Captain to his timeline, which happens to be mere minutes before the Christmas truce. The First Doctor informs the Twelfth that he is prepared to regenerate, and returns to his TARDIS. After being alone with Bill's avatar, the Doctor returns to the TARDIS and regenerates after relaying advice to his next incarnation. After the Thirteenth Doctor examines her reflection, the TARDIS suffers multiple failures. Tumbling out of the ship, the console room explodes and the TARDIS dematerialises, as the Doctor plummets towards the Earth.

text: Supplemental episode[edit]

text:
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Length

"Friend from the Future"
Lawrence Gough
Steven Moffat
23 April 2016 (2016-04-23)
2:05

From a hidden corner of a corridor inside a spaceship, the Doctor attempts to answer Bill's questions about their enemies, the Daleks. Bill finds them amusing at first, but the Doctor persists and she realises they are in real danger.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Peter Capaldi reprised his role as the Twelfth Doctor in his third and final series; he left after the 2017 Christmas special,[4] while Pearl Mackie portrays the newest companion Bill Potts, after the departure of Jenna Coleman. To avoid leaks while casting the new companion, the production team used the word "Mean Town", an anagram of "Ten Woman"; this is a reference to the fact that Bill is the companion of the tenth series, and was revealed by the casting director Andy Pryor to Radio Times.[5][6][7] Mackie made her first appearance in the first episode of the tenth series,[8][9] and portrays the first openly gay companion.[10] Matt Lucas returned in his role as Nardole, as seen in the 2015 and 2016 Christmas specials "The Husbands of River Song" and "The Return of Doctor Mysterio", in a regular role that started from the first episode of the series,[11][12][13][14] but would not appear in every episode.[15]

text: In June 2016, it was announced that Stephanie Hyam would be joining the tenth series.[16] In July 2016, actors Mina Anwar, Ralf Little, and Kaizer Akhtar had been added to the cast and portrayed Goodthing, Steadfast, and Praiseworthy respectively in the second episode.[17][18] On 16 August 2016, it was announced that David Suchet, famous for his role in Agatha Christie's Poirot, would appear as a character known as "The Landlord" in the fourth episode, "Knock Knock".[14] Tate Pitchie-Cooper portrayed a child version of The Landlord.[19] Fady Elsayed, who stars in the Doctor Who spin-off Class, was originally set to guest star in an episode of Doctor Who.[20]

text: In October 2016, it was announced that Justin Chatwin was set to appear as a superhero in the 2016 Christmas special "The Return of Doctor Mysterio".[21][22] He was joined by Charity Wakefield, Adetomiwa Edun, Aleksandar Jovanovic and Logan Hoffman.[23] On 16 November 2016 the BBC announced the cast for the fifth episode, which included Kieran Bew, Peter Caulfield, Mimi Ndiweni and Katie Brayben, with Justin Salinger portraying "Tasker",[24] while Rebecca Benson, Daniel Kerr, Juwon Adedokun, Brian Vernel, Ben Hunter, Aaron Phagura, Sam Adewunmi and Billy Matthews were announced to be appearing in the tenth episode.[25]

text: On 14 October 2016, Michelle Gomez announced that she would reprise her role of Missy in the series,[26] and in May 2017, she further stated that it would be her last series in the role.[27] On 30 January 2017, Capaldi confirmed that the tenth series would be his last.[4] On 6 April 2017, the BBC announced that John Simm would be returning in his role as the Master alongside Gomez.[28] David Bradley made a cameo appearance as the First Doctor at the end of the series finale, "The Doctor Falls", which led into the 2017 Christmas special, "Twice Upon a Time".[29]

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing and development[edit]

text: In July 2015, the annual review for BBC Worldwide indicated that it had invested in a tenth series of the programme.[30] It was announced in January 2016 that Series 10 would be Steven Moffat's final series as showrunner, after which he will be replaced in the role by Chris Chibnall in 2018.[31]

text: In May 2016, Steven Moffat stated in the 500th issue of Doctor Who Magazine that he would be writing the first and last three episodes of the series.[32] Furthermore, he stated that the series would consist mostly of single-part stories so that the new companion, Bill Potts, could have more stories to explore her character, though two-parters would still be present in the series.[33] Moffat also wrote the 2017 Christmas special, after the tenth series has concluded.[34]

text: Lawrence Gough directed the first two episodes of the tenth series, while Frank Cottrell-Boyce wrote the series' second episode, having previously written "In the Forest of the Night" for the eighth series.[16] Sarah Dollard, who wrote "Face the Raven" for the ninth series also returns for an episode, as does playwright Mike Bartlett for an episode in the same production block as Dollard's.[16] Matt Lucas revealed that Jamie Mathieson was set to write the fifth episode for the series, having previously written "Mummy on the Orient Express" and "Flatline" and having co-written "The Girl Who Died".[35] Daniel Nettheim directed two episodes for the series, written by Steven Moffat and Peter Harness, after having previously directed the two-parter "The Zygon Invasion" / "The Zygon Inversion" in the ninth series.[36]

text: In June 2016, Mark Gatiss stated he would be writing an episode for the series; later identified as the ninth episode, a change to Moffat's previous announcement that he would be writing for that particular episode.[37][38] In 2015, Gatiss had indicated that he might write a sequel for the ninth series episode "Sleep No More"; however, this was not the basis for Gatiss' episode for the tenth series.[39][40] Instead, the episode featured the return of the Ice Warriors, a race known for their appearances in the eras of the Second Doctor and Third Doctor, and in the 2013 episode "Cold War," also written by Gatiss.[41]

text: Moffat announced in October 2016 that a writer who had previously written for the original classic series would be returning to write an episode,[42] later confirmed as Rona Munro, who previously wrote Survival, the final serial of both Season 26 and the original classic series. Munro is the writer for the tenth episode of the series, titled "The Eaters of Light".[43][44] Toby Whithouse wrote the eighth episode.[45]

text: On 6 March 2017, it was announced the original Mondasian Cybermen from The Tenth Planet would be returning for the finale of the tenth series.[46]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The read-through for the first production block of the tenth series took place on 14 June 2016.[47] Filming began on 20 June 2016.[16][48] The second episode was filmed in Valencia, Spain.[49] Shooting for the first block concluded on 28 July 2016.[50] The read-through for the second block took place on 18 July 2016, and filming began on 1 August 2016, beginning with the third episode.[51][52] Production on the 2016 Christmas special began on 5 September 2016 and wrapped on 30 September 2016.[53][54] The read-through for "Oxygen" took place on 12 October 2016. Shooting on the fourth block began on 17 October and ended on 18 November 2016.[55] Filming for the fifth block began on 23 November 2016, paused in December for a break over the holidays, and resumed on 3 January 2017[56][57] and concluding on 17 January 2017.[58] The sixth block began filming concurrently[37] on 16 January 2017, before concluding on 22 February 2017.[59] On 6 March 2017 the BBC stated that the work on the final two episodes of the series had begun, with Rachel Talalay returning to direct her third consecutive series finale.[60]

text: Filming for the series was concluded on 7 April 2017.[61] Production for the 2017 Christmas special started on 12 June 2017, and concluded on 10 July 2017.[62][63][64]

text: Filming for the spin-off series Class ran from April to September 2016, beginning before the filming for the tenth series of Doctor Who started.[65][66] Peter Capaldi took part in the filming of Class, and appeared in the opening episode of the spin-off series.[67]

text: Production blocks were arranged as follows:[68][69][1]

text:
Block
Episode Title
Director
Writer
Producer

1
"The Pilot"
"Smile"
Lawrence Gough
Steven Moffat
Frank Cottrell-Boyce
Peter Bennett

2
"Thin Ice"
"Knock Knock"
Bill Anderson
Sarah Dollard
Mike Bartlett
Nikki Wilson

3
"The Return of Doctor Mysterio"
Ed Bazalgette
Steven Moffat
Peter Bennett

4
"Oxygen"
"The Eaters of Light"
Charles Palmer
Jamie Mathieson
Rona Munro
Nikki Wilson

5
"Extremis"
"The Pyramid at the End of the World"
Daniel Nettheim
Steven Moffat
Peter Harness and Steven Moffat
Peter Bennett

6
"The Lie of the Land"
"Empress of Mars"
Wayne Yip
Toby Whithouse
Mark Gatiss
Nikki Wilson

7
"World Enough and Time"
"The Doctor Falls"
Rachel Talalay
Steven Moffat
Peter Bennett

X
"Twice Upon a Time"
Rachel Talalay
Steven Moffat
Peter Bennett

text: Promotion[edit]

text: A preview scene was filmed in April 2016 as part of a promotional clip shown on 23 April 2016 on BBC One, during the semi-final half-time of the 2015–16 FA Cup. It introduced the Doctor and his new companion, Bill, being faced with Daleks.[70] However, Moffat has stated that this scene may not be introduced into the series itself.[8] Capaldi, Mackie, Lucas and Moffat promoted the series at New York Comic Con in October 2016.[71]

text: The first trailer for the series was premiered at the end of the 2016 Christmas special, "The Return of Doctor Mysterio".[72] A second teaser trailer was released on 25 February 2017.[73] On 13 March 2017 the BBC released new promotional image of Capaldi, Mackie and Lucas, as well as releasing the title for the premiere.[74] The full trailer for the series was premiered later the same day on BBC One, during the quarter-final half-time of the 2016–17 FA Cup,[75] along with promotional images from the first episode.[76]

text: Leading up to the launch of the series, five teaser trailers aired online.[77][78][79][80][81] On 31 March 2017 BBC America released the trailer for Doctor Who and the Class.[82] The same day, an interview with Mackie was shown on BBC News, containing clips from the first episode.[10] Another trailer for the series premiered on 3 April 2017.[83] On 9 April 2017 Capaldi, Mackie, Moffat and Minchin attended a panel at the BFI & Radio Times TV Festival, featuring a sneak preview of clips from the upcoming series.[84]

text: Broadcast and reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Doctor Who's tenth series has received positive reviews. Series 10 holds a 97% score on online review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 3.88.[85] Writing for the Radio Times halfway through the series' run, Huw Fullerton calls it "a return to form for the sci-fi series after a much-needed rest year, with the format, actors and writers all feeling fresher than during their last outing".[86] Reaction to individual episodes have also been positive, with scores on the site ranging from 85% to 100% to date; six episodes of the series hold a perfect score, which include the final four of the series, after no episode reached this score in the previous series.[85] Specifically, episodes such as "Oxygen" and "Extremis" received positive reception, with critics saying that the former was a "great, thought-provoking episode",[87] whilst the latter was labelled as a unique and ambitious episode, and that "Doctor Who doesn't get better than this".[88]

text: The series also introduced Pearl Mackie as Bill Potts, the Doctor's newest companion; Mackie has received consistently favorable comments, noting how she was "bringing an energy distinct from any previous new series companion", describing Bill as "a wonderful change of pace", and how her acting was "consistently honest, raw at times, and never, ever whimsy", with certain scenes being "guttural" and "heart-wrenching".[89][90][91] Controversial topics, such as racism and capitalism, were covered during episodes in the series, and were also met with positive reactions.[92][93][94]

text:
Doctor Who (series 10): Critical reception by episode

Series 10 (2017): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[95]

text: DVD and Blu-ray releases[edit]

text: Individual releases[edit]

text:
Series
Episode name
Number and duration
of episodes
R2/B release date
R4/B release date
R1/A release date

10
Doctor Who: The Return of Doctor Mysterio
"The Return of Doctor Mysterio"
1 × 60 min.
23 January 2017
(D,B) [96]
22 February 2017
(D,B) [97]
21 February 2017
(D,B) [98]

Doctor Who: Series 10, Part 1
"The Pilot"
"Smile"
"Thin Ice"
"Knock Knock"
"Oxygen"
"Extremis"
2 × 50 min.
4 × 45 min.
29 May 2017
(D,B) [99]
31 May 2017
(D,B) [100]
6 June 2017
(D,B) [101]

Doctor Who: Series 10, Part 2
"The Pyramid at the End of the World"
"The Lie of the Land"
"Empress of Mars"
"The Eaters of Light"
"World Enough and Time" / "The Doctor Falls"
1 × 60 min.
5 × 45 min.
24 July 2017
(D,B) [102]
16 August 2017
(D,B) [103]
12 September 2017
(D,B) [104]

Doctor Who: The Complete Tenth Series
2 × 60 min.
2 × 50 min.
9 × 45 min
13 November 2017
(D,B) [105]
29 November 2017
(D,B) [106]
7 November 2017
(D,B) [107]

Doctor Who: Twice Upon a Time
"Twice Upon a Time"
1 × 60 min.
22 January 2018
(D,B) [108]
7 February 2018
(D,B) [109]
13 February 2018
(D,B) [110]

8, 9, 10
Doctor Who: The Complete Peter Capaldi Years
26 × 45 min.
5 × 50 min.
1 × 55 min.
7 × 60 min.
1 × 76 min.
N/A
N/A
13 February 2018
(B) [111]

text: Complete series[edit]

text:
Doctor Who: The Complete Series 10

Set details
Special features

13 episodes

Includes "The Return of Doctor Mysterio"

6-disc set (DVD)
6-disc set (Blu-ray)
16:9 aspect ratio
Subtitles: English

4 documentaries
Interview with Rona Munro
Doctor Who: The Fan Show
Interview with Pearl Mackie and unseen film footage from the Concert
Binaural sound edition of "Knock Knock"
"The Return of Doctor Mysterio" documentary and Doctor Who Extra
Behind the scenes on "The Doctor Falls"
Inside Looks
Deleted Scenes
Audio Commentaries on "The Pilot", "Knock Knock" and "Oxygen"

DVD release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

7 November 2017 (2017-11-07)[112]
13 November 2017 (2017-11-13)[113]
29 November 2017 (2017-11-29)[114]

text: In print[edit]

text:
Episode name
Novelisation title
Author
First published

"Twice Upon a Time"
Twice Upon a Time
Paul Cornell
2 April 2018[115]


document_title: Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest

question_text: what's the time limit for the nathan's hotdog eating contest

question_tokens: what 's the time limit for the nathan 's hotdog eating contest

root

text: Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest

text: Rules[edit]

text: Major League Eating (MLE), formerly known as the International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE), has sanctioned the event since 1997. Today, only entrants currently under contract by MLE can compete in the contest.

tag: p

text: The field of about 20 contestants typically includes the following:

text:
the defending champion;
winners of a regional qualifying contest for that season;
individuals qualifying as one of two wildcards (highest two average qualifier scores without winning a single qualifier); and
those invited by special invitation of the MLE. (See "Controversies" section below.)

tag: ul

text: The competitors stand on a raised platform behind a long table with drinks and Nathan's Famous hot dogs in buns. Most contestants have water on hand, but other kinds of drinks can and have been used. Condiments are allowed, but usually are not used. The hot dogs are allowed to cool slightly after grilling to prevent possible mouth burns. The contestant that consumes (and keeps down) the most hot dogs and buns (HDB) in ten minutes is declared the winner. The length of the contest has changed over the years, previously 12 minutes, and in some years, only three and a half minutes; since 2008, 10 minutes.

text: Spectators watch and cheer the eaters on from close proximity. A designated scorekeeper is paired with each contestant, flipping a number board counting each hot dog consumed. Partially eaten hot dogs count and the granularity of measurement is eighths of a length. Hot dogs still in the mouth at the end of regulation count if they are subsequently swallowed. Yellow penalty cards can be issued for "messy eating,"[1] and red penalty cards can be issued for "reversal of fortune", which results in disqualification.[1] If there is a tie, the contestants go to a 5-hot-dog eat-off to see who can eat that many more quickly. Further ties will result in a sudden-death eat-off of eating one more hot dog in the fastest time.

text: After the winner is declared, a plate showing the number of hot dogs eaten by the winner is brought out for photo opportunities.

text: Awards[edit]

text: The winner of the men's competition is given possession of the coveted international "bejeweled" mustard-yellow belt. The belt is of "unknown age and value" according to IFOCE co-founder George Shea and rests in the country of its owner. In 2011, Sonya Thomas won the inaugural women's competition and its "bejeweled" pink belt.

text: Various other prizes have been awarded over the years. For example, in 2004 Orbitz donated a travel package to the winner. Starting in 2007, cash prizes have been awarded to the top finishers.

text: History[edit]

text: The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has been held at the original location on Coney Island most years since about 1972, usually in conjunction with Independence Day.[2] Nathan's promoter Mortimer Matz claimed that on July 4, 1916, four immigrants held a hot dog eating contest at Nathan's Famous stand on Coney Island to settle an argument about who was the most patriotic. He also made the spurious claim that the contest has been held each year since then except 1941 ("as a protest to the war in Europe") and 1971 (as a protest to political unrest in the U.S.). A man by the name of Jim Mullen is said to have won the first contest,[3] although accounts vary. One account describes Jimmy Durante (who was not an immigrant) as competing in that all-immigrant inaugural contest, which was judged by Eddie Cantor and Sophie Tucker.[4] Another describes the event as beginning "in 1917, and pitted Mae West's father, Jack, against entertainer Eddie Cantor."[5] In 2010, however, promoter Mortimer "Morty" Matz admitted to having fabricated the legend of the 1916 start date with a man named Max Rosey in the early 1970s as part of a publicity stunt.[6] The legend grew over the years, to the point where The New York Times and other publications were known to have repeatedly listed 1916 as the inaugural year, although no evidence of the contest exists.[6] As Coney Island is often linked with recreational activities of the summer season, several early contests were held on other holidays associated with summer besides Independence Day; Memorial Day contests were scheduled for 1972,[7] 1975,[8] and 1978,[9]  and a second 1972 event was held on Labor Day.[10]

text: In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the competition was dominated by Japanese contestants, particularly Takeru Kobayashi, who won six consecutive contests from 2001-2006. In 2001, Kobayashi transformed the competition and the world of competitive eating by downing 50 hot dogs—smashing the previous record of 25.5. The Japanese eater introduced advanced eating and training techniques that shattered previous competitive eating world records. The rise in popularity of the event coincided with the surge in popularity of the worldwide competitive eating circuit.

text: On July 4, 2011, Sonya Thomas became the champion of the first Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest for Women.[11] Previously, women and men had competed against each other, except for one all-female Memorial Day competition held in 1975.[8] Eating 40 hot dogs in 10 minutes, Thomas earned the inaugural Pepto-Bismol-sponsored pink belt and won $10,000.[12]

text: In recent years, a considerable amount of pomp and circumstance have surrounded the days leading up to the event, which has become an annual spectacle of competitive entertainment. The event is presented on an extravagant stage complete with colorful live announcers and an overall party atmosphere. The day before the contest is a public weigh-in with the mayor of New York City. Some competitors don flamboyant costumes and/or makeup, while others may promote themselves with eating-related nicknames. On the morning of the event, they have a heralded arrival to Coney Island on the "bus of champions" and are called to the stage individually during introductions. In 2013, six-time defending champion Joey Chestnut was escorted to the stage in a sedan chair.

text: The competition draws many spectators and worldwide press coverage. In 2007, an estimated 50,000 came out to witness the event. In 2004 a three-story-high "Hot Dog Eating Wall of Fame" was erected at the site of the annual contest. The wall lists past winners, and has a digital clock which counts down the minutes until the next contest. Despite substantial damage suffered at Nathan's due to Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the location was repaired, reopened, and the 2013 event was held as scheduled.

text: ESPN has long enjoyed solid ratings from its broadcast of the Hot Dog Eating Contest on Independence Day, and on July 1, 2014, the network announced it had extended its agreement with Major League Eating and will broadcast the contest through 2024.[13] The event continues to be recognized for its power as a marketing tool.[14]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Controversies usually revolve around supposed breaches of rules that are missed by the judges. For example, NY1 television news editor Phil Ellison reviewed taped footage of the 1999 contest and thought that Steve Keiner started eating at the count of one, but the judge, Mike DeVito—himself the champion of the 1990, 1993, and 1994 contests—was stationed directly in front of Keiner and disputed it, saying it was incorrect. Keiner ate 21 1/2 dogs, as shown on the Wall of Fame located at Nathan's flagship store at the corner of Surf and Stillwell avenues in Coney Island. This controversy was created by George Shea, the chief publicist for Nathan's, because it created much more publicity for the contest. Shea assured Keiner at the end of the contest that he would clear the confusion up but never did. Keiner never participated in any advertising or contests set up by Shea because of this.[citation needed]

text: Another controversy occurred in 2003 when former NFL player William "The Refrigerator" Perry competed as a celebrity contestant. Though he had won a qualifier by eating twelve hot dogs, he ate only four at the contest, stopping after just five minutes. Shea stated that the celebrity contestant experiment will likely not be repeated.[citation needed]

text: At the 2007 contest, the results were delayed to review whether defending champion Takeru Kobayashi had vomited (also known as a "Roman method incident" or "reversal of fortune") in the final seconds of regulation. Such an incident results in the disqualification of the competitor under the rules of the IFOCE. The judges ruled in Kobayashi's favor. A similar incident occurred involving Kobayashi in 2002[15] in a victory over Eric "Badlands" Booker.

text: Takeru Kobayashi has not competed in the contest since 2009 due to his refusal to sign an exclusive contract with Major League Eating, which is the current sanctioning body of the contest. In 2010, he was arrested by police after attempting to jump on the stage after the contest was over and disrupt the proceedings.[16][17][18] On August 5, 2010, all charges against Kobayashi were dismissed by a judge in Brooklyn. Despite his six consecutive victories in their annual event, Nathan's removed Kobayashi's image from their "Wall of Fame" in 2011. Kobayashi again refused to compete in 2011, but instead conducted his own hot dog eating exhibition, claiming to have consumed 69 HDB, seven more than Joey Chestnut accomplished in the Nathan's contest.[19] The sports website Deadspin deemed Kobayashi's solo appearance "an improbably perfect 'up yours' to the Nathan's hot dog eating contest."[20]

text: Results[edit]

text: By year (color-coded by belt color)[edit]

text:
Year

Winner(and date, prior to permanently moving all contests to Independence Day in 1997)

Hot dogs and buns(HDB)

Contest duration

Notes

2018

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

74

10 min.

Joey Chestnut breaks the world record with 74 HDB.

WOMEN'S Miki Sudo

37

2017

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

72

10 min.

Joey Chestnut breaks the world record with 72 HDB.

WOMEN'S Miki Sudo

41

2016

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

70

10 min.

Joey Chestnut won the mustard-colored belt for the ninth time, eating 70 hot dogs and buns. Defending champion Matt Stonie consumed 53 HDB. Sudo won her third consecutive women's title. At the Giant National Capital BBQ Battle in Washington, D.C. on June 25, Chestnut set the record of 73 in an official qualifier.[21]

WOMEN'S Miki Sudo

38½

2015

MEN'S Matt Stonie

62

10 min.

Matt Stonie ended the 8 year winning streak of Joey Chestnut, eating 62 HDB to Joey's 60.

WOMEN'S Miki Sudo

38

2014

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

61

10 min.

Joey Chestnut faced fierce competition from Matt Stonie, who finished second with 56 HDB. Tim Janus (44 HDB) finished in 3rd. This became Joey's 8th consecutive win. Sudo dethroned Thomas, the first time in the history of the competition that Thomas had been defeated since the inception of the women's division. Sudo also ended a long tradition by becoming the first champion in a quarter-century to decline to use a nickname during Nathan's competitions.

WOMEN'S Miki Sudo

34

2013

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

69

10 min.

Joey Chestnut beat his own record with 69 HDB. Matt Stonie (51HDB) finished second. Tim Janus (50 HDB) finished in 3rd.

WOMEN'S Sonya Thomas

36¾

2012

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

68

10 min.

Chestnut tied his previous record, previously set in 2009. He also became the second person to win six consecutive titles. Thomas set a new women's record. Tim Janus (52.25) and Patrick Bertoletti (51) finish second and third once again, this time with Janus edging out for second place. Matt Stonie, who would go on to claim victory in 2015 finished fourth with 46 HDB.

WOMEN'S Sonya Thomas

45

2011

MEN'S Joey Chestnut

62

10 min.

Separate competitions are held for women and men for the first time. Chestnut dominates on his way to his fifth straight title. Sonya Thomas (40 HDB) won the inaugural women's event. Patrick Bertoletti (53) and Tim "Eater X" Janus (45) finish 2nd and 3rd for the second year in a row.

WOMEN'S Sonya Thomas

40

2010

 Joey Chestnut

54

10 min.

Chestnut (54), Tim "Eater X" Janus (45), and Patrick Bertoletti (37) round out the top three.

2009

 Joey Chestnut

68

10 min.

Chestnut (68 HDB) beat his previous record in ten minutes, setting new event, U.S., and world records. Kobayashi (64½ HDB) set a Japanese record. Patrick Bertoletti (55 HDB) finished third. Sonya Thomas (41 HDB) broke the female record.

2008

 Joey Chestnut

59(Eat-off: 5)

10 min.(Eat-off: untimed; completed in 50 sec.)

Event, Japanese, U.S., and world records set (59 HDB). First event using new ten-minute time limit and first tie and eat-off since 1980. Chestnut & Kobayashi tied for first with 59 in regulation. In overtime Chestnut is the first to finish a plate of five HDB in 50 seconds. Kobayashi, losing by seven seconds, finishes second. Tim Janus finished third with 42.

2007

 Joey Chestnut

66

12 min.

Having broken the world and U.S. records with 59½ HDB at a qualifier contest on June 2, 2007, Chestnut (66 HDB) finishes first, setting new event, U.S. and world records. Defeating Kobayashi (63 HDB) for the first time. Fifth place Sonya Thomas (39 HDB) sets female record.

2006

 Takeru Kobayashi

53¾

12 min.

Winner Kobayashi sets event, Japanese and world records. Second place Joey Chestnut (52 HDB), sets U.S. record. Sonya Thomas (37) finishes third.

2005

 Takeru Kobayashi

49

12 min.

2nd: Sonya Thomas (37) sets U.S. record, Women's record. Future winner Joey Chestnut finishes third with 32.

2004

 Takeru Kobayashi

53½

12 min.

Event, Japanese and world records set. 2nd: Nobuyuki Shirota (38), Sonya Thomas (32 HDB) sets the female and U.S. records.

2003

 Takeru Kobayashi

44½

12 min.

Sonya Thomas (25 HDB) sets the female record. 2nd: Ed Jarvis (30½, American record), 3rd: Eric Booker (29). Twenty competitors and 3,000 spectators in attendance. William "The Refrigerator" Perry competes, but eats only four HDB and drops out after five minutes.[22]

2002

 Takeru Kobayashi

50½

12 min.

Event, Japanese and world records set.

2001

 Takeru Kobayashi

50

12 min.

20 competitors total. All-time world records set.[23] 2nd: Eric "Badlands" Booker (26), 3rd: Oleg Zhornitskiy (25).

2000

 Kazutoyo Arai

25+

12 min.

The contest was won by a 100-pound 32 year old mattress salesman from Saitama, Japan. The prizes were "the coveted mustard-yellow International Belt, a huge red trophy, and 20 pounds of Nathan’s hot dogs." Misao Fujita (also known as "Wild Beast"[24]) of Japan was the runner-up and consumed 24 hot dogs. A woman, Takako Akasaka of Japan, was the third-place finisher and consumed 22 hot dogs. 41 year old locomotive machinist Steve Addicks of Finksburg, Maryland was the fourth-place finisher and consumed 21 hot dogs. 391-pound, 35 year old reigning champion Steve Keiner of Atlantic City, New Jersey "finished in the middle of the pack" and consumed 15 hot dogs. "Dozens" of contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916.[25] Another describes this as the 85th annual contest.[24]

1999

 Steve Keiner

21½

12 min.

The contest was won by a 317-pound, 50-year-old man from Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey. The prize was the bejeweled mustard-colored belt.[26] Footage recorded by NY1 appeared to show that he actually consumed half of a hot dog before the starting gun was fired and should have been disqualified by the judges. Charles Hardy and Bartoszek Tadeusz, both of Brooklyn, were the runners-up and consumed 20 hot dogs each. Hardy charged that he could have consumed more had he been given another plate of hot dogs before time expired.[27] 134-pound, reigning champion Hirofumi Nakajima of Japan consumed 19 hot dogs.[26] Former champion Mike DeVito also participated.[27]

1998

 Hirofumi Nakajima

19

12 min.

The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 135-pound, 23 year old furniture delivery worker from Kōfu, Japan. The prizes were "the coveted mustard-yellow International Belt, a huge red trophy, and 20 pounds of Nathan's hot dogs." 16 contestants participated.[28] Second place: Dominic Vaccaro (17).[citation needed]

1997

 Hirofumi Nakajima

24½

12 min.

Although Nathan's attempted to expand its pool of American contestants by sponsoring "a circuit of qualifying contests leading up to the grand finale on the Fourth,"[29] Japanese contestants continued to increase their influence. The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 135-pound, 22 year old furniture delivery worker from Kōfu, Japan. The prizes were "a large emerald and brass trophy, a Mustard-Yellow International Belt, and a 20-pack take-out order for Nathan's hot dogs." 100-pound, 30 year old future champion Kazutoyo Arai of Saitama, Japan was the runner-up and consumed 24 hot dogs. 330-pound, 34 year old former champion Ed Krachie was the third-place finisher and consumed 20 hot dogs. 23 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916.[30]

1996

ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN Hirofumi NakajimaDecember 4

23¼

12 min.

The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 300-pound man from Queens.[31] The prizes apparently included the bejeweled mustard-yellow belt and a trophy, if not more.[32] Former champion Mike DeVito was the runner-up and consumed 20 hot dogs.[31] 200-pound, 42 year old Guardian Angels founder Curtis Sliwa was also a contestant.[33] 20 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1916, except for 1939, 1940, and 1941[31]—this time held under the moniker "Battle of the Burroughs."[33] A later 1996 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's (and TV Tokyo[34]), but was held at Central Park instead of at its traditional location. It was won by a 144-pound, 22-year-old man from Japan; he had never eaten a hot dog until the day before the competition. The prizes were the bejeweled mustard-yellow belt and $2,000. 320-pound, 33 year old mechanical engineer Ed Krachie of New York was the runner-up. Only those 2 contestants participated.[35]

 Ed KrachieIndependence Day

22

12 min.

1995

 Ed KrachieIndependence Day

19½

12 min.

The contest was won by a 350-pound NYNEX engineer from Queens. 205-pound, 33 year old Salomon Brothers vice president and reigning champion Mike DeVito of Manalapan Township, New Jersey was the runner-up and consumed 19 hot dogs.[36]

1994

 Mike DeVitoIndependence Day

20

Unknown

The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 32 year old accountant.[37] Future champion Ed Krachie was the runner-up.[36] 40 year old Guardian Angels founder Curtis Sliwa was the third-place finisher[33] and consumed 13 hot dogs.[37]

1993

ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN Mike DeVitoUnknown date

18

30 min.

The contest was won by a former champion, a Wall Street brokerage firm worker from Manalapan Township, New Jersey. The prize was 365 hot dogs. Joe Gotay of Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 14½ hot dogs. Willie Dykstra of Brooklyn was the top female contestant and consumed 7½ hot dogs. 18 men and 2 women participated. The reigning champion, 290-pound Frankie Dellarosa of Brooklyn, "canceled out at the last minute due to a family emergency"[38] and was unable to defend his title. Instead, he declared that he was now retired from competitions and planned to pursue an acting career,[39] something that he would later have a modest success in.[40] A press account from the time describes this as the 77th annual contest, held regularly since 1916.[38] A later 1993 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's (and recorded by TV Tokyo), but was held under the Brooklyn Bridge instead of at its traditional location. It was won by reigning champion DeVito.[41] Years later it was stated that the prize was the bejeweled mustard-colored belt "created by the descendants of Fabergé" that remains in use today but had supposedly been held in Japan for some years after having been won by a Japanese contestant at Nathan's[29] (presumably at the February 11, 1986 competition); however, the earliest that the belt's existence is known to be documented in a press account from the time is 1996.[33] A woman, Orio Ito of Japan, was the runner-up and consumed 16 hot dogs. Only those 2 contestants participated.[41]

 Mike DeVitoIndependence Day

17

12 min.

1992

 Frankie DellarosaIndependence Day

19

Unknown

The contest was won by the reigning champion. Former and future champion Mike DeVito was the runner-up and consumed 17 hot dogs.[39]

1991

 Frankie DellarosaIndependence Day

21

12 min.

The contest was won by a 270-pound, 23 year old engineer[42] and part-time Hofstra University football coach[39] from Queens. The prize was "a 3-foot trophy, topped with an athlete, plate, and hot dog. He also received hats, cups, and a year's supply of hot dogs." 20 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 75th annual contest, this time held under the motto "No Guts, No Glory."[42]

1990

 Mike DeVito Jay GreenIndependence Day

15

12 min.

The contest was tied by the reigning champion, from Brooklyn, (Green) who was allowed to compete again despite previous contest rules, and a 28 year old from Staten Island (DeVito).[43] There was apparently no tie-breaking eat-off. A press account from the time describes this as the 7th annual contest.[44]

1989

 Jay GreenIndependence Day

15½

12 min.

The contest was won by the reigning champion, a 215-pound, 31 year old dry wall contractor, who, as per contest rules, was declared "retired" after the competition for being a two-time winner. 24 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 73rd annual contest.[45]

1988

 Jay GreenIndependence Day

10

12 min.

The contest was won by a 30 year old limousine service manager from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. 13 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 72nd annual contest.[46]

1987

 Don WolfmanIndependence Day

13½

10 min.

29 year old future champion Jay Green was the runner-up and consumed 13¼ hot dogs.[46] A press account from the time describes this as the 71st annual contest.[47]

1986

 Mark HellerIndependence Day

15½

10 min.

The contest was won by a 245-pound man. Robert Gerber was the runner-up and consumed 13 hot dogs. 24 men participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 70th annual contest, held regularly since 1916.[48] An earlier 1986 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's. It was won by a 264-pound, 21-year-old student from Tokyo, Japan. Reigning champion Oscar Rodriguez was the runner-up and consumed 9½ hot dogs. Only those 2 contestants participated.[49]

ONE-ON-ONE CHALLENGE WITH JAPAN Hiroaki TominagaFebruary 11

10½

10 min.

1985

 Oscar RodriguezIndependence Day

11¾

12 min.

The contest was won by a 21-year-old man. More than 40 contestants participated.[50]

1984

 Birgit FeldenIndependence Day

9½

10 min.

The contest was won by a 130-pound,[51] 17 year old West German women's judo team member[5] from Cologne; she had never eaten a hot dog before the competition. Publicist Morty Matz described her as being only the second female to have ever won the contest. 17 year old U.S. women's judo team member Jean Kanokogi (and daughter of Ryohei and Rusty Kanokogi) of Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 8 hot dogs. 20 men and 4 women participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 68th annual contest.[51]

1983

 Emil GomezIndependence Day

10½

10 min.

The contest was won by a 210-pound, 25 year old accountant from the Bronx.[52] His brother, Andre, was the runner-up and consumed 10 hot dogs. 11 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 17th annual contest.[53]

1982

 Steven AbramsJuly 5

11+

Unknown

The contest was held on July 5 since Independence Day fell on a Sunday and was won by a 26 year old from Queens. He ate one bite of a twelfth hot dog.[54]

1981

 Thomas DeBerryIndependence Day

11

Unknown

The contest was won by a 35 year old Housing Authority gardener from Coney Island, Brooklyn. He "downed 11 hot dogs in five minutes and then rushed off with his family to attend a barbecue."[55] It is not immediately clear if the contest's duration was five minutes long or if he simply ceased eating on his own after five minutes, because he was in a hurry to attend the barbecue.

1980

 Joe Baldini Paul SiedermanIndependence Day

9¾+(Eat-off: 3½)

10 min.(Eat-off: 3 min.)

The contest was tied by a 190-pound, 25 year old (Baldini) and a 260-pound, 21 year old (Siederman), both unemployed men from Brooklyn. Each then tied again after a tie-breaking eat-off. The prizes were "two trophies and a pair of yellow plastic bags." Reigning champion Jim Mattner was the third-place finisher and consumed approximately 9 hot dogs. 28 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 64th annual contest.[56]

1979

 Jim MattnerIndependence Day

14

Unknown

The contest was won by a stockbroker from Queens.[56] He consumed a "record" 14 hot dogs.[54]

1978

 Manel Hollenback Kevin SinclairIndependence Day

10

6½ min.

The contest was held on Memorial Day and was tied by a 180-pound, 18 year old basketball player from Newark, New Jersey (Hollenback) and a 75-pound, 10-year-old student (Sinclair). There was apparently no tie-breaking eat-off. 28 contestants participated. A press account from the time describes this as an annual contest held regularly since 1917, except for 1942 and 1944.[9]

1975

WOMEN'S Martha Rosenbloom[citation needed]Memorial Day

Unknown

Unknown

An all-female contest was scheduled to be held on Memorial Day with the winner to be declared "Miss Coney Island;"[8] the contest was won by a 19 year old Brooklyn College student.[citation needed]

1974

 Roberto MurielIndependence Day

10

3½ min.

The first 1974 contest was held on April 7 (opening day for Coney Island's summer season activities)[57] and was won by a 22 year old Manhattan Community College student from Astoria, Queens; the prize was a trophy.[58] Six contestants participated.[57] The second 1974 contest was held on Independence Day and was won by a 185-pound, 24 year old from Brooklyn; the prize was "a trophy with an emblazoned hot dog on it."[59] A third 1974 contest was also sponsored by Nathan's but was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey on July 31. It was won by an 18 year old Nathan's employee from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania named Jay Tierney. He consumed a "world's hot dog eating record" 19 hot dogs in 5 minutes; the prize was "a raise—all the hot dogs he could eat throughout the summer." 30 year old Carmen Cordero of Atlantic City was the runner-up.[60]

 John ConnollyApril 7

9

2½ min.

1973

UnknownIndependence Day

Unknown

Unknown

A contest was scheduled to be held on Independence Day (designated as the 106th anniversary of the invention of the hot dog) and refereed by the "1973 Hot Dog Queen,"[61] but no results are known to have been compiled and released to the public.

1972

 Melody AndorferLabor Day

12

5 min.

The first 1972 contest was held on Memorial Day and was won by a Brooklyn College student; the prize "was a book of certificates for forty more hot dogs."[7] The second 1972 contest was held on Labor Day and was won by a 105-pound, 18-year-old female community activist from Astoria, Queens; 260-pound, 19 year old Gary Silverman of Brooklyn was the runner-up and consumed 10 hot dogs. Eight men and 8 women participated. A press account from the time describes this as the 23rd annual contest.[10]

 Jason SchechterMemorial Day

14

3½ min.

1967

 Walter PaulJune 30

127*

Unknown

The contest was held on June 30 (designated as the 100th anniversary of the invention of the hot dog) and was won by a 400-pound, 32 year old truck driver. The prize was "a trophy proclaiming him the world's champion hot dog eater." He consumed the hot dogs over the period of "one hour flat."[62][63] It is not immediately clear if the contest's duration was one hour long or if he simply ceased eating on his own after one hour, and it is also not immediately clear if he ate buns with the hot dogs.

tag: table

text: *—Note: though Walter Paul's 1967 feat is documented in at least two UPI press accounts from the time, he has also been mentioned in passing in more recent press accounts for supposedly establishing the contest's then-record 17 hot dogs consumed; several other people have similarly been credited for records of 13½, 17½, or 18½ hot dogs consumed. The following feats are not known to be documented more fully in press accounts from the time of their occurrence and, as such, may not be credible and are not included in the Results table above:

text:
"Several years" before 1986: unspecified contestant, 13½[49]
1979: unspecified contestant, 17½[46]
1978: Walter Paul (described as being from Coney Island, Brooklyn), 17[64]
1968: Walter Paul (described as "a rotund Coney Island carnival caretaker"), 17[45]
1959: Peter Washburn (described as "a one-armed Brooklyn Carnival worker"), 18½[65] or 17[39]
1959: Paul Washburn (described as a carnival worker from Brooklyn), 17½[42]
1959: Walter Paul (described as a 260-pound man from Brooklyn), 17[53]
1957: Paul Washburn, 17½[44]

text: Multiple-Time Winners[edit]

text:
Men's*

Belts

Name

Year(s)

11

 Joey Chesnut

2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018

6

 Takeru Kobayashi

2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006

3

 Jay Green

1988, 1989, 1990a

3

 Mike DeVito

1990a, 1993, 1994

2

 Hirofumi Nakajima

1997, 1998

2

 Ed Krachie

1995, 1996

2

 Frankie Dellarosa

1991, 1992

text: *Does not include non-Independence Day wins

text: ^a  The 1990 competition ended in a tie.

text:
Women's

Belts

Name

Year(s)

5

 Miki Sudo

2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

3

 Sonya Thomas

2011, 2012, 2013

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: Live TV[edit]

text: In 2003, ESPN aired the contest for the first time on a tape-delayed basis. Starting in 2004, ESPN began airing the contest live. Since 2005, Paul Page has been ESPN's play-by-play announcer for the event, accompanied by color commentator Richard Shea. In 2011, the women's competition was carried live on ESPN3, followed by the men's competition on ESPN. In 2012, ESPN signed an extension to carry the event through 2017.[66] In 2014, ESPN signed an agreement to carry the competition on its networks for 10 years until 2024.[67]

text:
Television history

Year

Network

Announcers

Viewers

2003

ESPN

2004

ESPN

Gary Miller, Richard Shea

926,000 viewers[68]

2005

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea

860,000 viewers[68]

2006

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea

1.46 million viewers[68][69]

2007

ESPN2

Paul Page, Richard Shea

1.632 million viewers

2008

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea

2009

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Dominic "Hot Dog" Vaccaro

1.340 million viewers[70]

2010

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Todd Harris

1.677 million viewers[70]

2011

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker

1.949 million viewers[71]

2012

ESPN

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker

1.299 million viewers[72]

2013

ESPN2

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Rene Herlocker

1.14 million viewers[73]

2014

ESPNEWS

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Cari Champion

402,000 viewers[73]

2015

ESPN2

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins

1.129 million viewers[74]

2016

ESPN.com

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins

1.3 million (tape delay on ESPN)[75]

2017

ESPN2

Paul Page, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins

1.11 million[75]

2018

ESPN2

Adam Amin, Richard Shea, Melanie Collins

1.141 million[76]

text: Film and TV programs[edit]

text: The Nathan's contest has been featured in these documentaries and TV programs:

text:
"A Different Story" (July 4, 1996) - Jeannie Moos covers the contest on CNN
"Red, White, and Yellow" (1998)
"A Hot Dog Program: An All-American, Culinary Cruise Through Hot Dog History" (1999)
"Gut Busters" (2002) Made for TV - Discovery Channel
"Footlong" (2002) - not the 2003 short film of the same name
"The Tsunami - Takeru Kobayashi" (2003) Japanese
"Crazy Legs Conti: Zen and the Art of Competitive Eating" (2004)
"The Most Extreme", "Big Mouths" episode (2004) (Animal Planet)
Cheap Seats, (2004)
"True Life" (2006) MTV documentary series
Hungry (2013) documentary film; contract dispute between Nathan's Famous and Kobayashi

text: Newspapers[edit]

text: News sources typically use puns in head-lines and copy referring to the contest, such as "'Tsunami' is eating contest's top dog again," "couldn't cut the mustard" (A.P.), "Nathan's King ready, with relish" (Daily News) and "To be frank, Fridge faces a real hot-dog consumer" (ESPN).

text: Reporter Gersh Kuntzman of the New York Post has been covering the event since the early 1990s and has been a judge at the competition since 2000. Darren Rovell, of ESPN, has competed in a qualifier.[77]

text: Tactics and training[edit]

text: Each contestant has his or her own eating method. Takeru Kobayashi pioneered the "Solomon Method" at his first competition in 2001. The Solomon method consists of breaking each hot dog in half, eating the two halves at once, and then eating the bun.

text: "Dunking" is the most prominent method used today. Because buns absorb water, many contestants dunk the buns in water and squeeze them to make them easier to swallow, and slide down the throat more efficiently.[1]

text: Other methods used include the "Carlene Pop," where the competitor jumps up and down while eating, to force the food down to the stomach.[1] "Buns & Roses" is a similar trick, but the eater sways from side to side instead.[1] "Juliet-ing" is a cheating method in which players simply throw the hot dog buns over their shoulders.[1]

text: Contestants train and prepare for the event in different ways. Some fast, others prefer liquid-only diets before the event. Takeru Kobayashi meditates, drinks water and eats cabbage, then fasts before the event. Several contestants, such as Ed "Cookie" Jarvis, aim to be "hungry, but not too hungry" and have a light breakfast the morning of the event.


document_title: Renal cortex

question_text: where is the cortex located in the kidney

text: Renal cortex

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Renal cortex

Kidney anatomy, with renal cortex labeled at top.

1: Parenchyma
2: Cortex
3: Medulla
4: Perirenal fat
5: Capsule
6: Ureter
7: Pelvis of kidney
8: Renal artery and Renal vein
9: Hilus
10: Calyx

Details

System
Urinary system

Identifiers

Latin
Cortex renalis

MeSH
A05.810.453.324

TA
A08.1.01.015

FMA
15581

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections (cortical columns) that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts.

text: The renal cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs. Erythropoietin is produced in the renal cortex.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Kidney

Microscopic cross section of the renal cortex

CD10 immunohistochemical staining of normal kidney. CD10 stains the proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli.

Renal cortex

Renal cortex

text: Contains afferent arterioles