document_title: List of alcohol laws of the United States

question_text: what time do they stop serving alcohol in florida

text: Table[edit]

text: Alabama–Hawaii[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery store sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Alabama
Yes
Prohibited between midnight until noon on Sundays in some counties. Private clubs, which require a membership fee and a membership card, have no day or time restrictions.
Yes
No
21
21 No exceptions to the law
13.9% ABV cap on beer
Beer containers may not exceed 25.4 ounces (0.75 l)
ABV > 14.9% wine sold in state stores
Alcohol may be served 24 hours a day unless restricted by local ordinances. Twenty-six of Alabama's 67 counties do not allow the sale of alcohol. However, possession and consumption remain legal within those 26 counties. Of the 26 "dry" counties, 23 have at least one "wet" city; these are considered "moist" dry counties. Within those 23 counties there are 43 wet cities. State law allows any city with a population greater than 1,000 located within a dry county to "go wet" if a referendum is passed by 50% of voters. State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.
Distilled spirits (liquor) are purchasable in either state-owned retail liquor stores, known as ABC Stores, or privately-owned retail liquor stores. Privately-owned retail liquor stores tend to be open on Sundays, public (federal & state) holidays, and later hours than state-owned liquor stores.

Alaska
No
8 a.m. – 5 a.m.,[10] except election days (liquor stores may not open until polls close)
No (although many grocery stores have separate areas that sell all forms of alcoholic beverages and many bars sell packaged liquor as well)
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for medical purposes, and on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent [11]
Most communities have more restrictive laws, ranging from restrictions on operating hours to bans on sale and possession.[12] Sellers/servers may not, for any reason, give a person alcohol for free or sell it for less than its cost. Sellers/servers may drink while on duty, but no intoxicated person may remain on the premises, so an impaired server could be arrested.[10]

Arizona
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days a week—no election day nor holiday restrictions [13]
Yes
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed for religious[14] and medical purposes[15]
Sales of any type of alcohol are legal at any store that has an off-premises liquor license, including but not limited to convenience stores and grocery stores. Bars may sell closed containers of alcohol for consumption off the premises. Drive-through liquor stores are allowed. Everclear Grain Alcohol Proof 190 (95% alcohol) is legal. A large percentage of the land area of Arizona is in Indian reservations, many of which have liquor laws considerably more restrictive than state law, up to and including total prohibition. "Beer busts" (all the beer/liquor one can drink for a set price) in bars are illegal. Persons 19 years of age or older may work in bars and liquor stores serving and selling alcohol. Patrons may not purchase for on premises consumption more than 40 ounces of beer, 1 liter of wine or 4 ounces of distilled spirits at one time.[16] DUI penalties are some of the most severe in the nation. A person convicted of a DUI (even first offense) must have an interlock installed in his car for one year. Arizona has an 'Impaired to the Slightest Degree' law that can convict a person even if his BAC is less than .08%.

Arkansas
No
Sale prohibited Sundays, Mondays between 12:00 a.m. and 1:00 a.m., or on any other days between the hours of 1:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. The governing body of any city or town may fix later closing hours for the permitted premises of a hotel or restaurant which in no event shall be later than two (2) hours after midnight on Saturday night.[17]
Yes
No
21
21 No exceptions to the law
Has numerous dry counties and other dry areas, but private clubs can serve even in dry areas.
Alcohol sales are generally prohibited on Sundays, but exceptions can be made through local option (usually for restaurants and private clubs).
No sales on Christmas Day.

California
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m.
Yes
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for consuming alcohol if discovered or reported through a medical emergency.[18]
Relatively unrestricted; beer, wine and liquor available at grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, and warehouse clubs. No statewide holiday restrictions.
Motor vehicles entering from Mexico may only import 1 liter of alcohol (duty-free). Sale or distribution of alcoholic beverages higher than 60% ABV is illegal (B&P 23403).[19]
You may serve alcohol if you are at least 21 years of age.
City and county governments can set different sale hours.
18-, 19- and 20-year-old wine and beer production students can taste—but not consume—what they are making and studying.[20]

Colorado
No
7 a.m. – 2 a.m.
Beer, wine, and liquor: 8 a.m. – midnight
3.2 beer: 5 a.m.-midnight

3.2 only*
No*
21
21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious, medical, and educational purposes.[21]
Spirituous, vinous & malt liquor available in liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores only.
Liquor stores closed on Christmas Day. Sunday sales restriction lifted on July 1, 2008. Liquor stores and liquor-licensed drug stores may have only one location, while 3.2% beer may be sold in gas stations, supermarkets, and convenience stores. Appropriately licensed businesses may also sell 3.2% beer for both on and off-premises consumption. A small number of grocery stores are licensed as drug stores and sell full strength beer, wine, and spirits. As an example, a chain grocery store that has pharmacy services at most or all locations may elect a single location in the chain as the licensed establishment to sell beer, wine, and spirits.

Connecticut
No
9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Thurs.)
9 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Fri.–Sat.)
11 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Sun.)
8 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon.–Sat.) 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun.)
Yes
No
21 Exception: No explicit age if a present legal guardian is 21 or older[22]
21 Exception: Underage consumption is allowed on private non alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for medical and religious puroposes, and on alcohol selling premises with parental consent.[22]
Sunday off-premises sales allowed as of May 20, 2012;[23][24] Sunday on-premises sales subject to local ordinances.
Beer can be purchased at grocery/convenience stores. Spirits and wine can be purchased only at liquor stores.
No off-premises alcohol sales on Thanksgiving, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.
Open container law applies only to drivers, not passengers.

Delaware
No
9 a.m. – 1 a.m.
9 a.m. – 1 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)
noon–8 p.m. (Sun.) Municipalities with a population over 50,000 persons may impose stricter hours of sale by local ordinance.
No
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency. Underage drinking allowed on private non-alcohol selling premises with parental consent, for religious purposes.[25][26]
For off-premises consumption, alcohol may be purchased only in a liquor store, taproom, or a brew pub that has an off-premises license. Unless accompanied by a parent or guardian over 21, no person under 21 may enter a liquor store or taproom for any reason, even for the intent of purchasing only tobacco or lottery tickets. No sales of alcohol by liquor stores or taprooms are permitted during designated holidays including Thanksgiving, Easter or Christmas.[27]

District of Columbia
No
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun.–Thu.,
8 a.m. – 3 a.m. Fri.–Sat.
[28]

Liquor Stores:
9 a.m. – midnight daily*
Grocery Stores:
9 a.m.-12 a.m. daily
[28]

Yes
No
21
21 Exception: A minor will not be penalized for if discovered consuming alcohol through a medical emergency.[29][30]
*Liquor stores can begin applying for licenses to open on Sunday as of January 16, 2013.[31]
No singles sold, but stores in some areas may apply for an exemption.[32]
Certain wards may be made dry by the decision of the local ANC, but as of 2005[update] none are
The day before a federal or district holiday, on-premises retailers may sell/serve from 8 a.m.-3 a.m. On New Yer's Eve, on-premises retailers may sell/serve until 4 a.m. on January 1.[28]

Florida
No
State law prohibits selling of alcohol between midnight and 7 a.m., unless the county chooses to change the operating hours later (FS 562.14(1)) ; such as for Sunday morning; Ormond Beach stays open until 7pm on Sundays. Miami-Dade County liquor stores may operate 24 hours a day.
Yes
No
21
21 Exception: 18 for educational purposes[33]
Sale, processing, or consumption of any liquor or spirit of greater than 153 proof is illegal. (FSS 565.07)
No retail sale of wine in containers larger than 1 gallon. FS 564.05 Supermarkets and other licensed business establishments may sell beer, low-alcohol liquors, and wine. Liquor must be sold in dedicated liquor stores which may be in a separate part of a grocery or a drug store. As of July 1, 2015, the restriction on 64 ounce refillable containers, or growlers, has been lifted and beer may be sold in quantities of 64 ounces, in addition to the previously legal 32 and 128 ounce sizes.

Georgia
No
Hours of sale determined by local jurisdiction. No alcohol sales on Christmas Day.
Yes
No
21
21 Exception: Underage drinking allowed on non-alcoholic premises with parental consent, and for religious and medical purposes.[34]
14% ABV cap on beer.
Sunday off-premises sales from 12:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. allowed only by local referendum.[35]
In general, one may not be drunk in public. Though there is no state law prohibiting drinking in public, most municipal corporations and political subdivisions limit the possession of open containers of alcohol to private property, with notable exceptions being Savannah and Roswell. A charge of public drunkenness is only warranted when one is drunk in public and his acts are either loud or disorderly.

Hawaii
No
Bars and restaurants stop serving alcohol at 2 a.m., but some hold a special ‘cabaret license’ that allows them to continue serving alcohol until 4 a.m.[36]
6 a.m. to 12 a.m. Within Honolulu County
6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Within Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii counties
Yes
21
21 Exception: Underage consumption allowed for religious purposes[37]

text: Idaho–Massachusetts[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Idaho
No
Yes
6:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. in some counties

Yes
No

Alcoholic beverages exceeding 16% ABV can only be sold in Idaho State Liquor Dispensary stores, or contracted stores.

Illinois
No
Depending on local government; 24-hour bars are permitted in Cicero; a handful of 21- to 22-hour bars exist in Cook County, and the Metro East. In Rock Island County, many establishments sell alcohol 24 hours a day.

Yes

Opening/closing hours are up to the decision of counties or municipalities.

Indiana
No
7 a.m. – 3 a.m.
7 a.m. – 3 a.m.
Noon - 8 p.m. on Sunday.
Yes

Indiana prohibits the sales of cold beer by grocery stores or gas stations, but allows cold beer to be sold from liquor stores (IC 7.1-5-10-11).
Minors, including babies, are not allowed to enter a liquor store.
Indiana has a photo identification requirement for all off-premises transactions to anyone who is or reasonably appears to be less than forty (40) years of age. (See IC 7.1-5-10-23).
Public intoxication is a class B misdemeanor. (IC 7.1-5-1-3)

Iowa
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Mon–Sat
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sun[38]
Yes

If a controlled substance is detected in a person’s system at or near the time they were operating a motor vehicle, they can be charged and potentially convicted of operating while intoxicated (OWI) even if they were not “impaired” by that substance.

Kansas
Yes
9 a.m. - 2 a.m. (in counties which allow on-premises sales)
9 a.m. - 11 p.m. (Mon–Sat) (in counties which allow off-premises sales)
noon - 7 p.m. or 8 p.m. (Sun) (in communities which allow Sunday off-premises sales)
3.2 only
No

Kansas's alcohol laws are among the strictest in the United States. Kansas prohibited all alcohol from 1881 to 1948, and continued to prohibit on-premises sales of alcohol from 1949 to 1987. Sunday sales only have been allowed since 2005. Today, 29 counties still do not permit the on-premises sale of alcohol. 59 counties require a business to receive at least 30% of revenue from food sales to allow on-premises sale of alcohol. Only 17 counties allow general on-premises sales. Not all communities which allow off-premises sales allow sales on Sunday. Sales are prohibited on Christmas and Easter. The only alcoholic beverage which grocery stores and gas stations may sell is beer with no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight. Other liquor sales only are allowed at state-licensed retail liquor stores. Kansas has comprehensive open container laws for public places and vehicles, public intoxication laws, and requirements for prospective on-premises or off-premises licensees.

Kentucky
No
6 a.m. to 4 a.m. on Monday through Saturday
1 p.m. to 4 a.m. on Sundays
Yes
No

Local ordinance may vote to permit Sunday sales at restaurants. Sales 2–4 a.m. only in Louisville. As of 2005 Sunday sales were allowed per state law, but may still be prohibited in some areas by local ordinance (as of early 2006, such a situation existed with smaller cities within Louisville Metro, though these cities have since changed local ordinances).
Alcohol sale restriction and wet/dry (both by drink and package) allowed by both county and city local option. Approximately 39 counties in the state (mostly eastern and southern counties) are dry, all alcohol sale and possession prohibited; 22 "moist" counties (with "wet" cities allowing package liquor sales in counties otherwise dry); 29 counties that are otherwise dry but have communities with local option that allow sales of liquor by the drink or under special exemptions allowing sales at wineries. Majority of wet counties are around major metropolitan areas (Louisville, Lexington, Covington, Bowling Green). Note: Beginning in 2013 Liquor by the drink and beer by the drink are available on Sundays in Louisville, KY beginning at 10:00 am. Bowling Green, KY recently began allowing Sunday sales in December 2013 for carry-out beer, wine, and liquor. Prohibition on liquor sales on Election Day was repealed effective June 24, 2013. Kentucky was one of only two states to still have Election Day prohibition, the other being South Carolina.

Louisiana
No
No state imposed restrictions on on-premises hours. "24 hour" bars are common in New Orleans and in Jefferson Parish. Some municipalities and parishes (including Baton Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parish) require on-premises service to stop at 2:00 am.
No statewide restrictions on hours of package sales.
Yes
21
Exceptions to state law include:[39]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.

Packaged alcoholic beverages of any strength may be sold in supermarkets, drug stores, gas stations, and convenience stores. Local municipalities may not restrict this. As a result, dedicated "liquor stores" are mostly specialty stores in larger cities, and some supermarkets have large selections of liquors and wines, and compete on the basis of liquor prices and selection.
Alcohol can be consumed in the streets of New Orleans as long as it is in an "unbreakable container" (no glass) and may be taken from club to club if both establishments allow it. Otherwise, it depends on the locality. Most parishes other than Orleans Parish do not permit alcoholic beverages served on premises to be carried out. However, many parishes and municipalities permit consumption of packaged beverages (for example, cans of beer) on the street. Glass bottles on the streets are prohibited. One can enter most bars at 18 years of age but must be 21 years old to purchase or consume alcohol. Also, it is legal in the state of Louisiana for a legal parent or guardian to purchase alcoholic beverages for their underaged child.
Drive-thru frozen daiquiri stands are legal and common, but the police can arrest you for driving with an open container, if you have put the straw in the cup [40]

Maine
No
Yes
6 a.m. to 1 a.m. (Mon–Sun)

Yes [41]
21
21
ABV > Alcohol may not be purchased after 1 a.m. any day of the week, may not be purchased prior to 6 a.m. Monday through Saturday, and not prior to 9 a.m. on Sunday. Bars and restaurants may serve until 1:15 a.m. On New Year's Day alcohol may be sold one hour later in all establishments. When St. Patrick's Day falls on a Sunday, bars and restaurants may serve alcohol starting at 6 a.m that day.[42] Wholesaling through state-licensed monopoly.[43] Municipalities may prohibit the sale of alcohol by referendum; 56 towns have done so.[44][45]

Maryland
Variable by locality
Variable by locality
Variable by locality
Variable by locality

Baltimore County prohibits the sale on Sunday in some areas.
In the counties of Montgomery, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester sale of alcoholic beverages are controlled directly by the county Liquor Control Boards, there are exceptions in Montgomery where some liquors are still sold in grocery store due to being grandfathered before the change of the law.
Garrett County prohibits the sale on Sunday except in some areas.
The sale of alcohol at grocery and convenience stores varies by county.
There are no dry counties, but some individual voting districts within counties restrict or prohibit alcohol on a local-option basis.

Massachusetts
No
8:00 a.m. – 2:00 a.m. by state law, although individual cities and towns may prohibit sales before 11:00 a.m. and after 11:00 p.m.[46] Not before 11:00 a.m. on Sunday.[47]
8:00 a.m. – 11:00 p.m., or 8:00 a.m. – 11:30 p.m. on the day before a holiday.[48] Not before 10:00 am on Sunday.
Yes.[49][50]
21
21
As of January 2016, no individual, partnership, or corporation may have more than seven off-premises licences in the state, nor more than two in any city, nor more than one in any town. No individual, partnership, or corporation not resident or headquartered in Massachusetts may apply for a license, although one may devolve thereupon.[48]
As of 2012-10-29, a Massachusetts driver's license, Massachusetts Liquor ID card, RMV-issued Massachusetts non-driver ID card, passport (issued by the US or a US-recognized foreign entity), US-issued Passport Card, and military identification card are the only acceptable proofs of age under state law. Out of state or Canadian driver's licenses/ ID's and other forms of identification do not grant the establishment legal protection if accepted as proof of age (and many establishments will not accept out of state licenses for this reason).[51]
On-premises regulations: No discounts at specific times (i.e. no "Happy Hour" discounts) or for specific individuals, no fixed-price open bar or all-you-can-drink (except at private functions), no more than two drinks per individual at any one time, no pitchers for fewer than two people, no drinking contests, no drinks as prizes, no free drinks.[52]
Off-premises sale of alcohol is prohibited on the last Monday in May (Memorial Day), Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and the day after Christmas if Christmas falls on a Sunday.[47]
Sale of alcohol is prohibited during polling hours on election days (subject to local exceptions).[47]
"Malt beverages" defined as having not more than 12% alcohol by weight.[53]

text: Michigan–New Mexico[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Michigan
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon.–Sat.)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension

7 a.m.-2 a.m. (Mon-Sat)
noon-2 a.m. (Sunday)*sales may begin at 7 a.m. with special license extension ,[54]

Yes

The Michigan Liquor Control Commission allows the sale of alcoholic beverages until 11:59 p.m. on December 24 and after 12:00 p.m. on December 25. On-premises sales are permitted on January 1 until 4:00 a.m. Local or county ordinance may restrict Sunday or Sunday morning sales. State does not operate retail outlets; maintains a monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.[55]

Minnesota
No (but see note)
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. seven days
8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m. (Mon–Sat);
11:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. (Sun)[56]

3.2% Only
No

Local or County ordinance prevails for hours of operation for off-sale licenses. Growler sales allowed until 10 p.m. 7 days a week. Certain municipalities may establish municipal liquor stores; they are permitted, but not required, to exclude privately owned stores.[57] Off-premises sales on Sundays became legal on July 1, 2017.[56]

Mississippi
No
Yes
Local authorities fix hours of alcohol sale

Yes
No

ABW > 5% wine and sparkling wine sold in state-contracted stores which are open from 10:00 am until 10:00 pm (Closed Sundays) statewide. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%, ABV < ~6.3%) sold in convenience stores/supermarkets. Beer and light wine (ABW < 5%) may be consumed by persons age 18-20 with parental supervision. Governor Phil Bryant signed a bill permitting beer with 8% ABW/10% ABV on April 9, 2012. The bill went into effect on July 1, 2012.[58]

No sales on Christmas Day. No state open container laws. Complimentary alcohol all day and night in coastal casinos.
In most counties, alcohol cannot be sold on Sundays. There are many dry counties in which it is illegal to possess alcoholic beverages, though some cities within dry counties have voted in beer sales.

Missouri
No
Most establishments:
(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00pm
Special licenses in Kansas City and St. Louis:
(Daily) 6:00am–3:00am

(Mon–Sat) 6:00am–1:30am
(Sunday) 9:00am–12:00am
Sales permitted until 3:00 am in those Kansas City and St. Louis bars grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.

Yes

One of the most alcohol-permissive states, perhaps only behind Nevada and Louisiana:

No open container law.[59]
No state public intoxication law.
Liquor control law[60] covers all beverages containing more than 0.5% alcohol, without further particularities based on percentage.[61]
Cities and counties are prohibited from banning off-premises alcohol sales.[62]
No dry jurisdictions.
State preemption of local alcohol laws which do not follow state law.
Certain bars in Kansas City and St. Louis grandfathered into the ability to double as liquor stores.
Special licenses available for bars and nightclubs which allow selling alcohol until 3:00am in Kansas City,[63] Jackson County,[64] North Kansas City,[64] St. Louis,[65] and St. Louis County.[66]
Grocery stores, drug stores, and even gas stations may sell liquor without limitation other than hours.[67]
Patrons allowed to take open containers out of bars in Kansas City's Power & Light District.[68]
Parents and guardians may furnish alcohol to their children.[69]
Missourians over 21 may manufacture up to 100 gallons of any liquor per year for personal use, without any further state limitation, state taxation, or state license.[70] (Obtaining a permit from the Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and meeting other requirements under federal law probably still is required for private citizens to manufacture distilled alcohol - but not wine or beer - for personal use.[71][72][73][74][75])

Missouri law recognizes two types of alcoholic beverage: liquor, which is any beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol except "non-intoxicating beer"; and "non-intoxicating beer,"[76] which is beer containing between 0.5% and 3.2% alcohol. Liquor laws[77] apply to all liquor, and special laws apply to "non-intoxicating beer."[76]

Montana
No
Yes
Closing 2am

Yes
No

ABV > 16% wine sold in state-contracted stores, ABV < 16% may be sold in grocery stores.

Nebraska
No
6 a.m. – 1 a.m. Legislation passed in 2010 allows for municipalities to extend on-premises sales to 2 a.m. with two-thirds approval of city or county councils.[78]
Yes

No on- or off-premises sales of spirits before noon on Sundays. All beer, wine, and champagne can be sold starting at 6 a.m.

Nevada
No
24 hours
Yes

There are few restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol in Nevada except for age. The maximum abv of alcohol sold is 80%.[79]
State law also renders public intoxication legal, and explicitly prohibits any local or state law from making it a public offence.[80] Alcohol purchase is only controlled in Panaca.[81]

New Hampshire
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 1 a.m.
6 a.m. – 11:45 p.m.
Yes
No

Liquor sold in state-run stores, many found at highway rest areas.
14% ABV cap on beer. State is wholesaler of wine. State taxes beer $0.30/gal at the wholesale level.

New Jersey
No
Each municipality can control hours by local ordinance. Most municipalities have a last call of 2 or 3 a.m. Atlantic City, Brigantine, Absecon, Elwood, Pomona, Smithville, Galloway, and Mullica (All in Atlantic County) serve 24 hours. There are some dry towns in the southern part of the state, including Ocean City.
9 a.m.-10 p.m. for liquor. Beer and wine can be sold at any time on-premise sales are permitted in that municipality. This causes most liquor stores to close at 10 PM, however some will stay open an hour later selling only beer and wine. Cities of the first class (e.g. Jersey City and Newark) are exempt from this law and may set their own hours for liquor sales.[82]
Rarely
21
21 (unless provided by parent or guardian in private)
Some dry communities in historically Methodist and Quaker communities in the southern part of the state.
Though there is not a ban on selling alcoholic beverages at grocery stores, New Jersey limits each chain to two licenses, so with only a few exceptions, most supermarkets/convenience stores/gas stations/pharmacies do not sell alcoholic beverages. In addition, liquor sales are only permitted in a separate department or attached sister store.
Bars are allowed to off-sale packaged goods.
With the exception of Jersey City and Newark, all municipalities MUST allow off-sales of beer and wine at any time on-sales are permitted. However, since alcoholic beverages are generally only found in package stores, this right is rarely exercised.
Alcoholic beverages by the drink as well as off-sales of beer and wine are permitted 24 hours a day in Atlantic City and Brigantine.

New Mexico
No
7 a.m. – 2 a.m., except Sundays, for establishments with full dispenser license.[83]
7 a.m. – 11 p.m., except Sundays, for restaurants with beer and wine license.

7 a.m. – midnight except Sundays[84]
Yes

New Mexico issues two types of license for consumption on-premises: a full dispenser license allowing sale of all types of alcohol, or a restaurant license permitting sale of beer and wine only. An additional Sunday permit is available which allows sale (on or off premises) on Sundays from noon until midnight. Exceptions are the prohibition of alcohol sale on Christmas, regardless of the day it falls on,[85] and a Sunday permit allowing of sale (on or off premises) until 2:00 a.m. January 1, if December 31 falls on a Sunday.[86] Sunday permits are only available where approved by voters within a local option district.[87] Selling, serving and giving alcohol to a minor is a class 4 felony punishable by up to 18 months in prison,[88] except when "a parent, legal guardian or adult spouse of a minor serves alcoholic beverages to that minor on real property, other than licensed premises, under the control of the parent, legal guardian or adult spouse",[89] or for religious purposes.

text: New York–South Dakota[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Store Sales
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Beer
Wine
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

New York
No
8 a.m. – 4 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 4 a.m. (Sun)
Some counties have more restrictive hours.
Beer: 24 hours
Wine & spirits: 8 a.m. – midnight (Mon–Sat)
Noon – 9 p.m. (Sun).
Yes
No
21

Off-premises sale of wine and spirits is only at liquor stores, and beer is not sold at liquor stores; it must be sold at supermarkets and convenience stores. Exchanges for returned items are permitted (at store owners' discretion).[90]
Some counties may retain the Sunday morning beer prohibition which the state discontinued as of July 30, 2006. Twelve dry towns, mostly in western region of state. Many counties have more restrictive off-premises hours, such as bans on beer sales overnight (hours vary). All liquor stores must be owned by a single owner, who owns that store and lives within a certain distance of it—effectively banning chain liquor stores from the state. New York City law does not allow open containers of alcohol in public.

North Carolina
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)
Beer and wine: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Sun)
Liquor: 9 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
Yes
No
21

15% ABV cap on beer, 16% cap on unfortified wine, 24% cap on fortified wine.[91]
No "happy hour," "buy one get one free," or "ladies night" style specials allowed.[92]

North Dakota
No
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)
8 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 2 a.m. (Sun)
No
21

No off-sale on Thanksgiving Day. No Christmas Day on-sale, nor sales on Christmas Eve after 6 p.m.

Ohio
No
Yes
5:30 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.
5:30 a.m. – 1 a.m.
Yes, under 21% ABV
21
21 or older, unrestricted under supervision of individual's parent or legal guardian or legal age spouse[93]
12% ABV cap on beer was removed on May 31, 2016.[94] 21% ABV cap on wine.
Some counties have more restrictive off-premises hours.
The Division of Liquor Control does not operate retail outlets; it appoints private businesses to act as its agents and sell its products in exchange for a commission. Normal proof spirits (>21% ABV) are sold only in a limited number of agent stores. Many retail outlets sell diluted spirits (diluted by water to 21% ABV) under a more readily obtained permit.
No intoxicating liquor shall be handled by any person under twenty-one years of age, except that a person eighteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle or sell beer or intoxicating liquor in sealed containers in connection with wholesale or retail sales, and any person nineteen years of age or older employed by a permit holder may handle intoxicating liquor in open containers when acting in the capacity of a server in a hotel, restaurant, club, or night club. .[95]
Beverages with less than 0.5% ABV can be sold/given to people under the age of eighteen if given by a physician in the regular line of his practice or given for established religious purposes, or the underage person is accompanied by a parent, spouse who is not an underage person, or legal guardian.[96]

Oklahoma
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m.
10 a.m. – 9 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
3.2% only
No
21

4.0% ABV/3.2 ABW or higher only sold at room temperature in liquor stores, Liquor Stores closed on Sundays and some holidays. As of 2007, liquor stores are now open on election days. State law prohibits public intoxication, many counties and cities also prohibit public intoxication.

Oregon
No
Yes
7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.
7 a.m. – 2:30 a.m.[97]
Yes
No
21

Liquor, all of which is state-owned prior to sale to consumers, is sold in private liquor stores. These stores are approved by Oregon's Liquor Commissioners to act as sales agents on the state's behalf.[98]

Pennsylvania
No
Yes
Restaurants, and bars: 7 a.m. – 2 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
11 a.m. - 2 a.m. (Sun)[99]
Clubs: 7 a.m. – 3 a.m.[100]
Beverage Centers and State Run Stores:
9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 5 p.m . (Sun)[101]
Grocery Stores:
7 a.m. - 10 p.m. (Mon -
Sat)
9 a.m. - 10pm
(Sun)

Yes*
No
21

Spirits can only be sold at state-operated stores. All persons must be at least 21 years of age to enter a state-operated liquor store alone. Beer is not sold at state-operated liquor stores.
Beer (but not wine) to go can be purchased at beverage outlets in any quantity. Prior to 2015 beverage centers could only sell 24 pack cases or greater. The rules were relaxed to permit sales of beer in any quantity in 2016.
*Beer and wine to go can be purchased in restaurants and grocery stores (at a separate point of purchase for alcohol and prepared foods sales in grocery stores) (six and 12 packs/192oz max. purchase (two six packs)) with Liquor Control Board–issued licenses
Sunday sales were prohibited in LCB stores until 2003 (selected locations) and beverage outlets (owner's option) until 2005.
Special permits may be purchased for certain organizations for fundraisers once per calendar year, and are valid for a total of six days under the same rules governing restaurants.[102] Grain alcohol prohibited as a beverage.

Rhode Island
No
9 am – 1 a.m. (Mon – Sat)
Noon – 1 a.m. (Sun)
9 a.m. – 10 p.m. (Mon – Sat)
10 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Sun)[103]
No
21
21
All alcohol may be sold only in liquor stores.
Bars may stay open until 2 a.m. in Providence only on Friday and Saturday nights and nights before a state-recognized holiday.

South Carolina
No
Yes
Liquor: 10 AM - 2 AM. Beer and Wine: Local Option.
Beer and low-alcohol wine: 24 hours
Liquor: 9 a.m. – 7 p.m. (Mon – Sat.)
Yes
No
21

14% ABW (17.5% ABV) cap on beer
Wine > 16% ABV sold in liquor stores
No hard liquor sales after 7 p.m. and none on Sundays.
No off-premises alcohol sales after midnight Saturday until 7 a.m. Monday, except in Aiken, Greenville, Pendleton, Spartanburg, Horry County, Colleton County, Richland County, Charleston County/city, Beaufort County, York County,[104] and Newberry County.[105]

South Dakota
No

Yes
21

14% ABV cap on beer

text: Tennessee–Wyoming, Puerto Rico[edit]

text:
State
Alcoholic beverage control state
Alcohol sale hours
Grocery Stores
Age
Notes

Beer
Wine
Distilled spirits
On-premises
Off-premises
Wine
Beer
Distilled Spirits
Purchasing
Consumption

Tennessee
No
Mon-Sat: 8 a.m. to 3 a.m.; Sun: Noon to 3 a.m. Hours of alcohol sale can be modified by local jurisdictions if approved by the alcohol control commission.
Beer: By municipality.
Wine & Spirits: 8 a.m. to 11 p.m. Mon–Sat[106]
Yes
No
21

Wine may be sold in grocery stores. Sales of wine and liquor are limited to on-premises in restaurants on Sundays. Retail stores must be closed for business on Christmas, Thanksgiving Day, Labor Day, New Year's Day, and the Fourth of July. Beer above 8% ABW /10.1% ABV must be sold in liquor stores. Open container law only applies to drivers, not passengers.[107]It is legal to carry alcohol in a non-glass container on the Beale Street stretch in Memphis. While most clubs allow drinks to be carried outside, many do not allow drinks from outside.

Texas
No
Monday-Friday: 7am-midnight
Saturday: 7am-1am
Sunday: Noon to 12 midnight.
Some cities/counties permit sale until 2am (with license).
Beer/Non-hard liquor:
7 a.m. to midnight (Mon.-Fri.)
7 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. (Sat.)
Noon to midnight (Sun.)
Hard Liquor:
10 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Mon.-Sat.)
Yes
No
21

No alcohol cap but ABV > 15.5% requires additional license, so many places are beer/wine only.
Wet/dry issues determined by city/county election.
Liquor stores statewide closed all day Sunday.
An alcoholic beverage served (on-premises) to a customer between 10 a.m. and noon on Sunday may only be provided during the service of food to the customer. Eleven Texas counties are completely dry.[108] In many counties, public intoxication laws are vigorously upheld.[109] Texas law permits consumption by minors (any age under 21) if in the "visible presence" of a parent, guardian or adult spouse. (Section 106.04) Possession by minors is permitted as part of employment or education, or in the visible presence of an adult parent, guardian or spouse, or supervision of a commissioned peace officer. (Section 106.05) There are also exemptions for minors requesting or receiving medical attention.

Utah
Yes
Restaurants: Noon to midnight for liquor, 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. for beer. Bars may serve liquor from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.
Varies by state liquor store hours

3.2 only
No
21

ABV > 4.0+% sold in state-controlled stores only. 3.2% ABW (4.0% ABV) beer may be sold at grocery stores and convenience stores. State-controlled stores close on Sundays and cease operations no later than 10 p.m. the rest of the week. Restaurants must buy from the state-controlled store (no delivery) at retail prices. No alcohol is served in restaurants without purchase of food. Sales of kegs prohibited. Importation of alcohol into the state by private individuals generally prohibited.

Vermont
No
Yes
8 a.m. – 2 a.m.
6 a.m. – midnight

Yes
No
21

ABV > 16% beer and ABV > 16% wine are only available through state liquor stores (most of which are integrated within grocery and beverage stores[110]). A 2008 bill allows the sale of beer in grocery and convenience stores up to ABV 16%.

Virginia
No
Yes
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. No restrictions at any time for club licensees.
6 a.m. – 11:59 p.m. except local blue law.

Yes
No
21

Licensed supermarkets, convenience stores, and gas stations may sell beer and wine. Off-premises sales no later than 12 midnight. Liquor stores are owned and operated by the Commonwealth and are generally open 10am-9pm Monday-Saturday and from 12pm-6pm on Sunday.

Washington
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. (A local government subdivision may establish later opening hours or earlier closing hours.)
Yes
21

Beer and wine are available in specialty stores, grocery stores, convenience stores, department stores, taverns, and other locations licensed by the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board. Spirits are available in stores greater than 10,000 sq ft (grocery stores, big box liquor chains). There are two exceptions to the 10,000-sq-ft rule: 1) Former State and Contract Liquor Stores that reopened under private ownership may also sell spirits provided they have been issued a new license from the state. 2) Cities, mostly in rural areas, that do not have a store that meets the minimum floor space may be allowed to sell spirits if the Liquor Control Board deems that there are no sufficient establishments within the trade area.

West Virginia
No
Yes
Beer/Wine: Mon-Sat:7 am-2 am, Sun:1 pm-2 am
Liquor: Mon-Sat:8 am-Midnight, Sun: Prohibited

Mon-Fri:7 am-3:30 am, Sat: 7A-3:00A, Sun:1 pm-3 am

Yes
21

12% ABV Cap on Beer. 75% ABV spirits Permitted. Liquor, wine and beer products that are not already in closed packaging must be bagged before exiting retail locations. State no longer operates retail stores (formerly State ABC Stores); Number of privately owned stores restricted according to county or city population. All stores are state contracted; Bars and clubs must purchase liquor from state contracted private stores in person. State retains monopoly over wholesaling of distilled spirits only.

Wisconsin
No
6 a.m. – 2 a.m. Sunday–Thursday, 2:30 a.m. Friday–Saturday, no closing time on New Year's Day.
6 a.m. – midnight for beer (some counties and municipalities only allow sales until 9 p.m. for beer), 6 a.m. – 9 p.m. for liquor and wine

By local ordinance
21

Wisconsin permits the consumption of alcohol by minors, provided they are being supervised by parents/guardians/spouses. Most municipalities have a uniform 9 p.m. restriction on all alcohol sales. Notable exceptions: Kenosha, Green Bay, La Crosse, Maple Bluff (near Madison), Baraboo (near the Dells). Supermarkets, liquor stores, and gas stations may sell liquor, wine, and beer. Law changed effective 12/7/2011 to allow all liquor sales to begin at 6 a.m.
Nonalcoholic beer is not regulated by state law.

Wyoming
No
Yes
6.00 a.m. – 2.00 a.m.

No
21

Clubs holding liquor licenses may be exempt from the hours of operation here specified by local ordinance or regulation of the appropriate licensing authority, but it does not seem to happen in practice

Puerto Rico
No
No territory-wide mandated last call
No territory-wide mandated hours of operation for liquor stores, but sales prohibited on Election Day and during hurricane emergencies; some municipalities prohibit sales after midnight weekdays or 2:00 weekends.

Beer, wine and spirits available for sale in supermarkets, convenience stores and drug stores as well as liquor stores.
18

Minimum drinking age is 18.

Drinking on the street is illegal in San Juan (except in designated areas during selected street festivals) but not in all cities.


document_title: Don't judge a book by its cover

question_text: who said dont judge a book by its cover

question_tokens: who said dont judge a book by its cover

root

text: Don't judge a book by its cover

text: Early reference[edit]

text:
In George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860), Mr Tulliver uses the phrase in discussing Daniel Defoe's The History of the Devil, saying how it was beautifully bound.
The preceding version was then publicised by the 1946 murder mystery novel by Edwin Rolfe and Lester Fuller, Murder in the Glass Room, in the form of "You can never tell a book by its cover."

tag: ul


document_title: List of Toronto Maple Leafs seasons

question_text: when was the last time the leafs made it past the first round

text: List of Toronto Maple Leafs seasons

text: Table keys[edit]

text:
Key of colors and symbols

Color/symbol
Explanation

Division champions

Led league in points

O'Brien Cup champions

Stanley Cup champions

tag: table

text:
Key of terms and abbreviations

Term or abbreviation
Definition

Finish
Final position in division or league standings

GA
Goals against (goals scored by the Leafs' opponents)

GF
Goals for (goals scored by the Leafs)

GP
Number of games played

L
Number of losses

OT
Number of losses in overtime (since the 1999–2000 season)

Pts
Number of points

T
Number of ties

TG
Two-game total goals series

W
Number of wins

—
Does not apply

text: Year by year[edit]

text:
Year by year listing of all seasons played by the Toronto Maple Leafs franchise

NHL season
Franchise season
Conference
Division
Regular season[3][4][5][6][8]
Postseason[3][4][5][6][8]

GP
W
L
T
OT[a]
Pts
GF
GA
Finish
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
Result

1917–18[b]
1917–18[c]
—
—[d]
14
8
6
—
—
16
71
75
2nd[e]
7
4
3
0
28
28
Won NHL Finals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 10–7 (TG)[9]
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Vancouver Millionaires, 3–2[10]

8
5
3
—
—
10
37
34
1st

1918–19
1918–19[f]
—
—
10
3
7
—
—
6
43
49
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

8
2
6
—
—
4
22
43
3rd

1919–20
1919–20[g]
—
—
12
5
7
—
—
10
52
62
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

12
7
5
—
—
14
67
44
2nd

1920–21
1920–21
—
—
10
5
5
—
—
10
39
47
2nd
2
0
2
0
0
7
Lost NHL Finals to Ottawa Senators, 0–7 (TG)[11]

14
10
4
—
—
20
66
53
1st

1921–22
1921–22
—
—
24
13
10
1[h]
—
27
98
97
2nd
7
4
2
1
21
13
Won NHL Finals vs. Ottawa Senators 5–4 (TG)[12]
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Vancouver Millionaires, 3–2[13]

1922–23
1922–23
—
—
24
13
10
1
—
27
82
88
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1923–24
1923–24
—
—
24
10
14
0
—
20
59
85
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1924–25
1924–25
—
—
30
19
11
0
—
38
90
84
2nd
2
0
2
0
2
5
Lost NHL Semifinals to Montreal Canadiens, 2–5 (TG)[14]

1925–26
1925–26
—
—
36
12
21
3
—
27
92
114
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1926–27
1926–27
—
Canadian[i]
44
15
24
5
—
35
79
94
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1927–28
1927–28[j]
—
Canadian
44
18
18
8
—
44
89
88
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1928–29
1928–29
—
Canadian
44
21
18
5
—
47
85
69
3rd
4
2
2
0
8
5
Won Quarterfinals vs. Detroit Cougars, 7–2 (TG)
Lost Semifinals to New York Rangers, 0–2[15]

1929–30
1929–30
—
Canadian
44
17
21
6
—
40
116
124
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1930–31
1930–31
—
Canadian
44
22
13
9
—
53
118
99
2nd
2
0
1
1
3
4
Lost Quarterfinals to Chicago Black Hawks, 3–4 (TG)[16]

1931–32
1931–32
—
Canadian
48
23
18
7
—
53
155
127
2nd
7
5
1
1
28
15
Won Quarterfinals vs. Chicago Black Hawks, 6–2 (TG)
Won Semifinals vs. Montreal Maroons, 4–3 (TG)
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. New York Rangers, 3–0[17]

1932–33
1932–33
—
Canadian
48
24
18
6
—
54
119
111
1st[k]
9
4
5
0
14
18
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 3–2
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to New York Rangers, 1–3[18]

1933–34
1933–34
—
Canadian
48
26
13
9
—
61
174
119
1st
5
2
3
0
12
11
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 2–3[19]

1934–35
1934–35
—
Canadian
48
30
14
4
—
64
157
111
1st
7
3
4
0
11
12
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 3–1
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Montreal Maroons, 0–3[20]

1935–36
1935–36
—
Canadian
48
23
19
6
—
52
126
106
2nd
9
4
5
0
25
27
Won Quarterfinals vs. Boston Bruins, 8–6 (TG)
Won Semifinals vs. New York Americans, 2–1
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Detroit Red Wings, 1–3[21]

1936–37
1936–37
—
Canadian
48
22
21
5
—
49
119
115
3rd
2
0
2
0
1
5
Lost Quarterfinals to New York Rangers, 0–2[22]

1937–38
1937–38
—
Canadian
48
24
15
9
—
57
151
127
1st
7
4
3
0
14
13
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 3–0
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Chicago Black Hawks, 1–3[23]

1938–39
1938–39
—
—[l]
48
19
20
9
—
47
114
107
3rd[m]
10
5
5
0
22
20
Won Quarterfinals vs. New York Americans, 2–0
Won Semifinals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 2–1
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Boston Bruins, 1–4[24]

1939–40
1939–40
—
—
48
25
17
6
—
56
134
110
3rd
10
6
4
0
21
19
Won Quarterfinals vs. Chicago Black Hawks, 2–0
Won Semifinals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 2–0
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to New York Rangers, 2–4[25]

1940–41
1940–41
—
—
48
28
14
6
—
62
145
99
2nd
7
3
4
0
17
15
Lost Semifinals to Boston Bruins, 3–4[26]

1941–42
1941–42
—
—
48
27
18
3
—
57
158
136
2nd
13
8
5
0
38
31
Won Semifinals vs. New York Rangers, 4–2
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–3[27]

1942–43
1942–43
—
—
50
22
19
9
—
53
198
159
3rd
6
2
4
0
17
20
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 2–4[28]

1943–44
1943–44
—
—
50
23
23
4
—
50
214
174
3rd
5
1
4
0
6
23
Lost Semifinals to Montreal Canadiens, 1–4[29]

1944–45
1944–45
—
—
50
24
22
4
—
52
183
161
3rd
13
8
5
0
24
30
Won Semifinals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–2
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–3[30]

1945–46
1945–46
—
—
50
19
24
7
—
45
174
185
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1946–47
1946–47
—
—
60
31
19
10
—
72
209
172
2nd
11
8
3
0
31
27
Won Semifinals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–1
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–2[31]

1947–48
1947–48
—
—
60
32
15
13
—
77
182
143
1st
9
8
1
0
38
20
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 4–1
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–0[32]

1948–49
1948–49
—
—
60
22
25
13
—
57
147
161
4th
9
8
1
0
28
15
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 4–1
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–0[33]

1949–50
1949–50
—
—
70
31
27
12
—
74
176
173
3rd
7
3
4
0
11
10
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 3–4[34]

1950–51
1950–51
—
—
70
41
16
13
—
95
212
138
2nd
11
8
2
1
30
15
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 4–1–1[n][35][36]
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–1[37]

1951–52
1951–52
—
—
70
29
25
16
—
74
168
157
3rd
4
0
4
0
3
13
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 0–4[38]

1952–53
1952–53
—
—
70
27
30
13
—
67
156
167
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1953–54
1953–54
—
—
70
32
24
14
—
78
152
131
3rd
5
1
4
0
8
15
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 1–4[39]

1954–55
1954–55
—
—
70
24
24
22
—
70
147
135
3rd
4
0
4
0
6
14
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 0–4[40]

1955–56
1955–56
—
—
70
24
33
13
—
61
153
181
4th
5
1
4
0
10
14
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 1–4[41]

1956–57
1956–57
—
—
70
21
34
15
—
57
174
192
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1957–58
1957–58
—
—
70
21
38
11
—
53
192
226
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1958–59
1958–59
—
—
70
27
32
11
—
65
189
201
4th
12
5
7
0
32
39
Won Semifinals vs. Boston Bruins, 4–3
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Montreal Canadiens, 1–4[42]

1959–60
1959–60
—
—
70
35
26
9
—
79
199
195
2nd
10
4
6
0
25
31
Won Semifinals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–2
Lost Stanley Cup Finals to Montreal Canadiens, 0–4[43]

1960–61
1960–61
—
—
70
39
19
12
—
90
234
176
2nd
5
1
4
0
8
15
Lost Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 1–4[44]

1961–62
1961–62
—
—
70
37
22
11
—
85
232
180
2nd
12
8
4
0
40
30
Won Semifinals vs. New York Rangers, 4–2
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Chicago Black Hawks, 4–2[45]

1962–63
1962–63
—
—
70
35
23
12
—
82
221
180
1st
10
8
2
0
31
16
Won Semifinals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–1
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–1[46]

1963–64
1963–64
—
—
70
33
25
12
—
78
192
172
3rd
14
8
6
0
39
31
Won Semifinals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–3
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–3[47]

1964–65
1964–65
—
—
70
30
26
14
—
74
204
173
4th
6
2
4
0
14
17
Lost Semifinals to Montreal Canadiens, 2–4[48]

1965–66
1965–66
—
—
70
34
25
11
—
79
208
187
3rd
4
0
4
0
6
15
Lost Semifinals to Montreal Canadiens, 0–4[49]

1966–67
1966–67
—
—
70
32
27
11
—
75
204
211
3rd
12
8
4
0
35
30
Won Semifinals vs. Chicago Black Hawks, 4–2
Won Stanley Cup Finals vs. Montreal Canadiens, 4–2[50]

1967–68
1967–68
—
East[o]
74
33
31
10
—
76
209
176
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1968–69
1968–69
—
East
76
35
26
15
—
85
234
217
4th
4
0
4
0
5
24
Lost Quarterfinals to Boston Bruins, 0–4[51]

1969–70
1969–70
—
East
76
29
34
13
—
71
222
242
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1970–71
1970–71
—
East
78
37
33
8
—
82
248
211
4th
6
2
4
0
15
16
Lost Quarterfinals to New York Rangers, 2–4[52]

1971–72
1971–72
—
East
78
33
31
14
—
80
209
208
4th
5
1
4
0
10
18
Lost Quarterfinals to Boston Bruins, 1–4[53]

1972–73
1972–73
—
East
78
27
41
10
—
64
247
279
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1973–74
1973–74
—
East
78
35
27
16
—
86
274
230
4th
4
0
4
0
9
17
Lost Quarterfinals to Boston Bruins, 0–4[54]

1974–75
1974–75
Wales[p]
Adams
80
31
33
16
—
78
280
309
3rd
7
2
5
0
13
21
Won Preliminary Round vs. Los Angeles Kings, 2–1
Lost Quarterfinals to Philadelphia Flyers, 0–4[55]

1975–76
1975–76
Wales
Adams
80
34
31
15
—
83
294
276
3rd
10
5
5
0
31
36
Won Preliminary Round vs. Pittsburgh Penguins, 2–1
Lost Quarterfinals to Philadelphia Flyers, 3–4[56]

1976–77
1976–77
Wales
Adams
80
33
32
15
—
81
301
285
3rd
9
4
5
0
31
29
Won Preliminary Round vs. Pittsburgh Penguins, 2–1
Lost Quarterfinals to Philadelphia Flyers, 2–4[57]

1977–78
1977–78
Wales
Adams
80
41
29
10
—
92
271
237
3rd
13
6
7
0
33
32
Won Preliminary Round vs. Los Angeles Kings, 2–0
Won Quarterfinals vs. New York Islanders, 4–3
Lost Semifinals to Montreal Canadiens, 0–4[58]

1978–79
1978–79
Wales
Adams
80
34
33
13
—
81
267
252
3rd
6
2
4
0
19
24
Won Preliminary Round vs. Atlanta Flames, 2–0
Lost Quarterfinals to Montreal Canadiens, 0–4[59]

1979–80
1979–80
Wales
Adams
80
35
40
5
—
75
304
327
4th
3
0
3
0
8
17
Lost Preliminary Round to Minnesota North Stars, 0–3[60]

1980–81
1980–81
Wales
Adams
80
28
37
15
—
71
322
367
5th
3
0
3
0
9
15
Lost Preliminary Round to New York Islanders, 0–3[61]

1981–82
1981–82
Campbell[q]
Norris
80
20
44
16
—
56
298
380
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1982–83
1982–83
Campbell
Norris
80
28
40
12
—
68
293
330
3rd
4
1
3
0
18
18
Lost Division Semifinals to Minnesota North Stars, 1–3[62]

1983–84
1983–84
Campbell
Norris
80
26
45
9
—
61
303
387
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1984–85
1984–85
Campbell
Norris
80
20
52
8
—
48
253
358
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1985–86
1985–86
Campbell
Norris
80
25
48
7
—
57
311
386
4th
10
6
4
0
40
33
Won Division Semifinals vs. Chicago Black Hawks, 3–0
Lost Division Finals to St. Louis Blues, 3–4[63]

1986–87
1986–87
Campbell
Norris
80
32
42
6
—
70
286
319
4th
13
7
6
0
33
32
Won Division Semifinals vs. St. Louis Blues, 4–2
Lost Division Finals to Detroit Red Wings, 3–4[64]

1987–88
1987–88
Campbell
Norris
80
21
49
10
—
52
273
345
4th
6
2
4
0
20
32
Lost Division Semifinals to Detroit Red Wings, 2–4[65]

1988–89
1988–89
Campbell
Norris
80
28
46
6
—
62
259
342
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1989–90
1989–90
Campbell
Norris
80
38
38
4
—
80
337
358
3rd
5
1
4
0
16
20
Lost Division Semifinals to St. Louis Blues, 1–4[66]

1990–91
1990–91
Campbell
Norris
80
23
46
11
—
57
241
318
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1991–92
1991–92
Campbell
Norris
80
30
43
7
—
67
234
294
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1992–93
1992–93
Campbell
Norris
84
44
29
11
—
99
288
241
3rd
21
11
10
0
69
63
Won Division Semifinals vs. Detroit Red Wings, 4–3
Won Division Finals vs. St. Louis Blues, 4–3
Lost Conference Finals to Los Angeles Kings, 3–4[67]

1993–94
1993–94
Western[r]
Central
84
43
29
12
—
98
280
243
2nd
18
9
9
0
50
47
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. Chicago Blackhawks, 4–2
Won Conference Semifinals vs. San Jose Sharks, 4–3
Lost Conference Finals to Vancouver Canucks, 1–4[68]

1994–95[s]
1994–95
Western
Central
48
21
19
8
—
50
135
146
4th
7
3
4
0
20
22
Lost Conference Quarterfinals to Chicago Blackhawks, 3–4[69]

1995–96
1995–96
Western
Central
82
34
36
12
—
80
247
252
3rd
6
2
4
0
15
21
Lost Conference Quarterfinals to St. Louis Blues, 2–4[70]

1996–97
1996–97
Western
Central
82
30
44
8
—
68
230
273
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1997–98
1997–98
Western
Central
82
30
43
9
—
69
194
237
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

1998–99
1998–99
Eastern[t]
Northeast
82
45
30
7
—
97
268
231
2nd
17
9
8
0
43
46
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. Philadelphia Flyers, 4–2
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Pittsburgh Penguins, 4–2
Lost Conference Finals to Buffalo Sabres, 1–4[71]

1999–2000
1999–2000
Eastern
Northeast
82
45
27
7
3[u]
100
246
222
1st
12
6
6
0
26
26
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. Ottawa Senators, 4–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to New Jersey Devils, 2–4[72]

2000–01
2000–01
Eastern
Northeast
82
37
29
11
5
90
232
207
3rd
11
7
4
0
28
24
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. Ottawa Senators, 4–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to New Jersey Devils, 3–4[73]

2001–02
2001–02
Eastern
Northeast
82
43
25
10
4
100
249
207
2nd
20
10
10
0
44
49
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. New York Islanders, 4–3
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Ottawa Senators, 4–3
Lost Conference Finals to Carolina Hurricanes, 2–4[74]

2002–03
2002–03
Eastern
Northeast
82
44
28
7
3
98
236
208
2nd
7
3
4
0
16
24
Lost Conference Quarterfinals to Philadelphia Flyers, 3–4[75]

2003–04
2003–04
Eastern
Northeast
82
45
24
10
3
103
242
204
2nd
13
6
7
0
27
28
Won Conference Quarterfinals vs. Ottawa Senators, 4–3
Lost Conference Semifinals to Philadelphia Flyers, 2–4[76]

2004–05[v]
2004–05
Eastern
Northeast
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
No playoffs due to lockout

2005–06
2005–06
Eastern
Northeast
82
41
33
—[w]
8
90
257
270
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2006–07
2006–07
Eastern
Northeast
82
40
31
—
11
91
258
269
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2007–08
2007–08
Eastern
Northeast
82
36
35
—
11
83
231
260
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2008–09
2008–09
Eastern
Northeast
82
34
35
—
13
81
250
293
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2009–10
2009–10
Eastern
Northeast
82
30
38
—
14
74
214
267
5th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2010–11
2010–11
Eastern
Northeast
82
37
34
—
11
85
218
251
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2011–12
2011–12
Eastern
Northeast
82
35
37
—
10
80
231
264
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2012–13[x]
2012–13
Eastern
Northeast
48
26
17
—
5
57
145
133
3rd
7
3
4
0
18
22
Lost Conference Quarterfinals to Boston Bruins, 3–4[77]

2013–14
2013–14
Eastern
Atlantic[y]
82
38
36
—
8
84
231
256
6th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2014–15
2014–15
Eastern
Atlantic
82
30
44
—
8
68
211
262
7th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2015–16
2015–16
Eastern
Atlantic
82
29
42
—
11
69
198
246
8th
—
—
—
—
—
—
Did not qualify

2016–17
2016–17
Eastern
Atlantic
82
40
27
—
15
95
251
242
4th
6
2
4
0
16
18
Lost First Round to Washington Capitals, 2–4

2017–18
2017–18
Eastern
Atlantic
82
49
26
—
7
105
277
232
3rd
7
3
4
0
16
21
Lost First Round vs. Boston 3–4

NHL season
Franchise season
Conference
Division
Regular season
Postseason

GP
W
L
T
OT
Pts
GF
GA
Finish
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
Result

Totals
5 Division Championships
6578
2883
2762
783
150
6699
20166
20296
—
544
259
281
4
1400
1488
13 Stanley Cups

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a Overtime and shootout losses for which a point was awarded.
b From the 1917–18 season to the 1920–21 season, the NHL played a split season schedule. The winners of both halves faced each other in a two-game, total-goals series for the NHL championship.[78]
c For the 1917–18 season, the club had no official nickname.[3]
d From the 1917–18 season to the 1925–26 season, the NHL had no divisions.[78]
e From the 1917–18 season to the 1926–27 season, the O'Brien Cup was awarded to the postseason champion of the NHL.[79]
f For the 1918–19 season, the club was known as the Arenas.[3]
g From the 1919–20 season until February 1927, the club was known as the St. Patricks.[8]
h Beginning in the 1921–22 NHL season, the NHL adopted a new rule stipulating that only a single overtime period would be played to break ties, with both teams receiving one point in games that remained tied.[80]
i From the 1926–27 season to the 1937–38 season, the Maple Leafs played in the Canadian Division.[5][6]
j In February 1927, Conn Smythe, the new owner of the team, changed the team name to the Maple Leafs. The team played for the rest of the season as the Maple Leafs and has used that name since.[5][6]
k From the 1927–28 season to the 1937–38 season, the O'Brien Cup was awarded to the champion of the Canadian Division.[79]
l From the 1938–39 season to the 1966–67 season, the NHL had no divisions.[78]
m From the 1938–39 season to the 1949–50 season, the O'Brien Cup was awarded to the NHL playoff runner-up, and was retired after the 1949–50 season.[79]
n Toronto won the series with Boston 4 games to 1, however 6 games were played with the second ending in a tie.[35][36] The game was called after one overtime period due to a Toronto curfew law.[81]
o Before the 1967–68 season, the NHL split into East and West Divisions because of the addition of six expansion teams.[78]
p The NHL realigned before the 1974–75 season. The Maple Leafs were placed in the Adams Division of the Prince of Wales Conference.[82]
q The NHL realigned before the 1981–82 season. The Maple Leafs were placed in the Norris Division of the Clarence Campbell Conference.[83]
r The NHL realigned into Eastern and Western conferences prior to the 1993–94 season. Toronto was placed in the Central Division of the Western Conference.[84]
s The season was shortened to 48 games because of the 1994–95 NHL lockout.[85]
t The NHL realigned before the 1998–99 season. The Maple Leafs were placed in the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference.[8]
u Beginning with the 1999–2000 season, teams received one point for losing a regular-season game in overtime.[86]
v The season was cancelled because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[87]
w Beginning in the 2005–06 season, the NHL instituted a penalty shootout for regular-season games that remained tied after a five-minute overtime period, with losing teams receiving a point, which prevented ties.[88]
x The season was shortened to 48 games because of the 2012–13 NHL lockout.[89]
y The NHL realigned prior to the 2013–14 season. The Maple Leafs were placed in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference.[90]


document_title: Kaaba

question_text: who built the kaaba stone according to the quran

text: Kaaba

text: Lexicology[edit]

text: This section needs expansion with: please specify where and by what names Kaaba is mentioned in Quran and Hadith. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016)

text: The literal meaning of the Arabic word ka`bah (كَعْبَة) is “cube.”[7] In the Qur'an, the Ka'ba has been also mentioned as "al-Bayt" (Arabic: البیت, the house), "al-Bayt al-Haram" (Arabic: البیت الحرام, the sacred house), "al-Bayt al-'Atiq" (Arabic: البیت العتیق, the old house), and "al-Bayt al-Muharram" (Arabic: البیت المحرم, respected house). The mosque surrounding the Ka'ba is called al-Masjid al-Haram. According to some reports, in ancient times, the Ka'ba was also called "Qadis" (Arabic: القادس, holy), "Nadhir" (Arabic: الناذر).

tag: p

text: Architecture and interior[edit]

text: The Kaaba is a prismal stone structure made of granite. It is approximately 13.1 m (43 ft) high (some claim 12.03 m (39.5 ft)), with sides measuring 11.03 m (36.2 ft) by 12.86 m (42.2 ft).[8][9] Inside the Kaaba, the floor is made of marble and limestone. The interior walls, measuring 13 m (43 ft) by 9 m (30 ft), are clad with tiled, white marble halfway to the roof, with darker trimmings along the floor. The floor of the interior stands about 2.2 m (7.2 ft) above the ground area where tawaf is performed.

text: The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. Along the top corners of the walls runs a green cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two. (It has been claimed that this table is used for the placement of perfumes or other items.) Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. A golden door—the bāb al-tawbah (also romanized as Baabut Taubah, and meaning "Door of Repentance")—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood.

text: Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image.

text:
Al-Ḥajaru al-Aswad, "the Black Stone", is located on the Kaaba's eastern corner. Its northern corner is known as the Ruknu l-ˤĪrāqī, "the Iraqi corner", its western as the Ruknu sh-Shāmī, "the Levantine corner", and its southern as Ruknu l-Yamanī, "the Yemeni corner" taught by Imam Ali.[2][9] The four corners of the Kaaba roughly point toward the four cardinal directions of the compass.[2] Its major (long) axis is aligned with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east-west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.[10][11]
The entrance is a door set 2.13 m (7 ft) above the ground on the north-eastern wall of the Kaaba, which acts as the façade.[2] In 1979 the 300 kg gold doors made by chief artist Ahmad bin Ibrahim Badr, replaced the old silver doors made by his father, Ibrahim Badr in 1942.[12] There is a wooden staircase on wheels, usually stored in the mosque between the arch-shaped gate of Banū Shaybah and the Zamzam Well.
Mīzāb al-Raḥmah, rainwater spout made of gold. Added in the rebuilding of 1627 after the previous year's rain caused three of the four walls to collapse.
Gutter, added in 1627 to protect the foundation from groundwater.
Hatīm (also romanized as hateem), a low wall originally part of the Kaaba. It is a semi-circular wall opposite, but not connected to, the north-west wall of the Kaaba. This is 90 cm (35 in) in height and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in width, and is composed of white marble. At one time the space lying between the hatīm and the Kaaba belonged to the Kaaba itself, and for this reason it is not entered during the tawaf.
Al-Multazam, the roughly 2 meter space along the wall between the Black Stone and the entry door. It is sometimes considered pious or desirable for a hajji to touch this area of the Kaaba, or perform dua here.
The Station of Ibrahim (Maqam Ibrahim), a glass and metal enclosure with what is said to be an imprint of Abraham's feet. Ibrahim is said to have stood on this stone during the construction of the upper parts of the Kaaba, raising Ismail on his shoulders for the uppermost parts.[13]
Corner of the Black Stone (East).
Corner of Yemen (South-West). Pilgrims traditionally acknowledge a large vertical stone that forms this corner.
Corner of Syria (North-West).
Corner of Iraq (North-East). This inside corner, behind a curtain, contains the Babut Taubah, Door of Repentance, which leads to a staircase to the roof.
Kiswah, the embroidered covering. Kiswa is a black silk and gold curtain which is replaced annually during the Hajj pilgrimage.[14][15] Two-thirds of the way up is a band of gold-embroidered Quranic text, including the Shahada, the Islamic declaration of faith.
Marble stripe marking the beginning and end of each circumambulation.[16]

tag: ol

text: A 3D model of the interior can be seen on Google Streetview.

text:
Entrance, golden door—the bāb al-tawbah

Pilgrims performing Tawaf

The Station of Ibrahim (Maqam Ibrahim)

Mizab al-Rahmah

text: Religious significance[edit]

text: The Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam, and is often called by names such as the House of God.[17][18]

text: Qibla[edit]

text: The Qibla is the direction faced during prayer.[Quran 2:143–144] It is the focal point for prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of where the Kaaba is.

text: Pilgrimage[edit]

text: The Sacred Mosque is the focal point of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages[19] that occur in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic calendar and at any time of the year, respectively. The Hajj pilgrimage is one of the Pillars of Islam, required of all able-bodied Muslims who can afford the trip. In recent times, about 1.8 million Muslims perform the Hajj every year.[20]

text: Some of the rituals performed by pilgrims are symbolic of historical incidents. For example, the incident of Hagar's search for water is emulated by Muslims as they run between the two hills of Safa and Marwah whenever they visit Mecca.

text: The Hajj is associated with the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Prophet Ibrahim.

text: History[edit]

text: Islamic views on origin[edit]

text: The Quran contains several verses regarding the origin of the Kaaba, it states that the Kaaba was the first House of Worship, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ishmael on God's[citation needed] instructions.

text: Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for mankind.

text: Behold! We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).

text: And remember Ibrahim and Ishmael raised the foundations of the House (With this prayer): "Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing.

text: Ibn Kathir, the famous commentator on the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the Kaaba. One is that the shrine was a place of worship for Angels before the creation of man. Later, a temple was built on the location by Adam and Eve which was lost during the flood in Noah's time and was finally rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael as mentioned later in the Quran. Ibn Kathir regarded this tradition as weak and preferred instead the narration by Ali ibn Abi Talib that although several other temples might have preceded the Kaabah, it was the first "House of God", dedicated solely to Him, built by His instruction and sanctified and blessed by Him as stated in Quran 22:26–29.[30] A Hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the Kaaba was the First Mosque on Earth, and the Second Mosque was the Temple in Jerusalem.[31]

text: While Abraham was building the Kaaba, an angel brought to him the Black Stone which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure. Another stone was the Maqam-e-Ibrahim (literally the Station of Abraham) where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. The Black Stone and the Maqam-e-Ibrahim are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as naturally the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for maintenance purposes. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ishmael to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Korban, sacrifice of cattle. The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden.[Quran 22:26–33]

text: According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ishmael's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the oasis of Zam-Zam gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Several heretical rituals were adopted in the Pilgrimage (Hajj) including doing naked circumambulation.[32]

text: In her book, Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols that probably represented the days of the year.[33] But by Muhammad's day, it seems that the Kaaba was venerated as the shrine of Allah, the High God. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian peninsula, whether Christian or pagan, would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj, marking the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshiped by monotheists.[33] Guillaume in his translation of Ibn Ishaq, an early biographer of Muhammad, says the Ka'aba itself was addressed using a feminine grammatical form.[34] Circumambulation was often performed naked by men and almost naked by women,[32] and linked to ancient fertility rites.[35] It is disputed whether Allah and Hubal were the same deity or different. Per a hypothesis by Uri Rubin and Christian Robin, Hubal was only venetrated by Quraysh and the Kaaba was first dedicated to Allah, a supreme god of individuals belonging to different tribes, while the pantheon of the gods of Quraysh was installed in Kaaba after they conquered Mecca a century before Muhammad's time.[36]

text: Modern independent views on origin[edit]

text: Ptolemy[edit]

text: Writing in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy and found in a 3rd-century BC map which suggests that Macoraba was Mecca.[37][38] G. E. von Grunebaum states: "Mecca is mentioned by Ptolemy. The name he gives it allows us to identify it as a South Arabian foundation created around a sanctuary.[39] In Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix.[40] Her point of view was supported by some Islamic scholars[41] and challenged by others.[42][43]

text: Diodorus Siculus[edit]

text: The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus is believed to have mentioned the Kaabah in 60–30 BC while describing the coast of Jeddah and its surrounding areas mentioned:

text: The inhabitants of the land about the gulf, who are known as Banizomenes, find their food by hunting the land animals and eating their meat. And a temple has been set up there, which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians.

text: Edward Gibbon suggested that the Kaaba was mentioned by ancient Greek writer, Diodorus Siculus, before the Christian era:

text: The genuine antiquity of Caaba ascends beyond the Christian era: in describing the coast of the Red sea the Greek historian Diodorus has remarked, between the Thamudites and the Sabeans, a famous temple, whose superior sanctity was revered by all the Arabians; the linen or silken veil, which is annually renewed by the Turkish emperor, was first offered by the Homerites, who reigned seven hundred years before the time of Mohammad.

text: Others[edit]

text: Imoti[45] contends that there were numerous such "Kaaba" sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. There was a "red stone", the deity of the south Arabian city of Ghaiman, and the "white stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near the city of Tabala, south of Mecca). Grunebaum in Classical Islam points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with stone fetishes, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth."[46]

text: The Kaaba was thought to be at the center of the world, with the Gate of Heaven directly above it. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth.[47]

text: According to Sarwar,[48] about 400 years before the birth of Muhammad, a man named "Amr bin Lahyo bin Harath bin Amr ul-Qais bin Thalaba bin Azd bin Khalan bin Babalyun bin Saba", who was descended from Qahtan and was the king of Hijaz had placed a Hubal idol onto the roof of the Kaaba. This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling tribe Quraysh. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. When the idol was moved inside the Kaaba, it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for divination.[49]

text: To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within 20 miles (32 km) of the Kaaba. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center.[50]

text: Many Muslim and academic historians stress the power and importance of the pre-Islamic Mecca. They depict it as a city grown rich on the proceeds of the spice trade. Crone believes that this is an exaggeration and that Mecca may only have been an outpost trading with nomads for leather, cloth, and camel butter. Crone argues that if Mecca had been a well-known center of trade, it would have been mentioned by later authors such as Procopius, Nonnosus, or the Syrian church chroniclers writing in Syriac. The town is absent, however, from any geographies or histories written in the three centuries before the rise of Islam.[51]

text: According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "before the rise of Islam it was revered as a sacred sanctuary and was a site of pilgrimage."[52] According to German historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word "mikrab", signifying a temple.[38] Again, Crone disputes this etymology.

text: In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (Asatir) claims that Ishmael and his eldest son Nebaioth built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca.[53] "The Secrets of Moses" or Asatir book was suggested by some opinion to have been compiled in the 10th century,[54] while another opinion in 1927 suggested that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE.[55]

text: Pre-Islamic Era[edit]

text: Prior to the spread of Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes of the area. Once every lunar year, the Bedouin tribes would make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their pagan gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Islam would later adopt the established traditions of the Bedouin tribes, such as encouragement of trade during the Hajj, but replacing the worship of their pagan gods with Allah.[56]

text: Muhammad's era[edit]

text: During Muhammad's time (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy and sacred site by the local Arabs and later Islam recognized it. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the Kaaba after its structure was damaged due to floods around 600 CE. Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasūl Allāh, one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone cornerstone in place.

text: According to Ishaq's biography, Muhammad's solution was to have all the clan elders raise the cornerstone on a cloak, after which Muhammad set the stone into its final place with his own hands.[58][59] Ibn Ishaq says that the timber for the reconstruction of the Kaaba came from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the Red Sea coast at Shu'ayba and that the work was undertaken by a Coptic carpenter called Baqum.[60] Muhammad's night journey is said to have taken him from the Kaaba to the Temple Mount and heavenwards from there.

text: Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla and faced that direction while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. In 624 CE the direction of the Qiblah (Prayer Direction) was changed from Jerusalem to the Kaabah in Mecca.[61] In 628CE Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the minor pilgrimage (Umrah) at the Kaaba, though he wasn't allowed by the people of Mecca to do so, he secured a peace treaty with them called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year.[62]

text: At the culmination of his mission, in 629 CE, Muhammad conquered Mecca with a Muslim army.[63] His first action was to remove statues and images from the Kaaba.[64] According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Abraham; but according to Ibn Hisham all pictures were erased.[65][64][66]

text: Narrated Abdullah: When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the Conquest, there were 360 idols around the Ka'bah. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood has Vanished.. (Qur'an 17:81)"

text: After the conquest Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque, in Islam.[67] He performed a lesser Pilgrimage (Umrah) in 629 CE, followed by the Greater Pilgrimage(Hajj) in 632 CE called the Farewell Pilgrimage since Muhammad prophesied his impending death on this event.[68]

text: After Muhammad[edit]

text: The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times since Muhammad's day. The structure was severely damaged by fire on 3 Rabi I (Sunday, 31 October 683 CE), during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of Umayyad power. Ibn al-Zubayr rebuilt it to include the hatīm.[69] He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several hadith collections[70]) that the hatīm was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic Kaaba, and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild so as to include it.

text: The Kaaba was bombarded with stones in the second siege of Mecca in 692, in which the Umayyad army was led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. The fall of the city and the death of Ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under ʿAbdu l-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. In 693 CE, ʿAbdu l-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's Kaaba razed, and rebuilt on the foundations set by the Quraysh.[71] The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time.

text: During the Hajj of 930 CE, the Qarmatians attacked Mecca, defiled the Zamzam Well with the bodies of pilgrims and stole the Black Stone, taking it to the oasis region of Eastern Arabia known as al-Aḥsāʾ, where it remained until the Abbasids ransomed it in 952 CE.[citation needed] The basic shape and structure of the Kaaba have not changed since then.[72][not in citation given]

text: After heavy rains and flooding in 1629, the walls of the Kaaba collapsed and the Mosque was damaged. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated.[73] The Kaaba's appearance has not changed since then.

text: The Kaaba is depicted on the reverse of 500 Saudi Riyal, and the 2000 Iranian rial banknotes.[74]

text: Cleaning[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The building is opened twice a year for a ceremony known as "the cleaning of the Kaaba." This ceremony takes place approximately thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and thirty days before the start of Hajj. The keys to the Kaaba are held by the Banī Shayba (بني شيبة) tribe. Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. A small number of dignitaries and foreign diplomats are invited to participate in the ceremony. The governor of Mecca leads the guests who ritually clean the structure, using a broom.[75][better source needed]