document_title: I Am Legend (film)

question_text: who is the dog in i am legend

question_tokens: who is the dog in i am legend

text: I Am Legend (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 2009, a genetically re-engineered measles virus, originally created as a cure for cancer, turns into a lethal strain which kills 94% of those it infects, mutates 5% into predatory, nocturnal and vampiric mutants, who are extremely vulnerable to sunlight, with only 1% immune. Three years after the outbreak, US Army virologist Lieutenant Colonel Robert Neville (Will Smith) lives an isolated life in the deserted ruins of New York City, unsure if any other uninfected humans are left in the world.

text: Neville's daily routine includes experimentation on infected rats to find a cure to the virus and venturing through Manhattan to search for food and supplies. Also awaiting for potential human survivors each day for a response to his continuous recorded radio broadcasts, which instruct any uninfected survivors to meet him at midday at the South Street Seaport.

text: Flashbacks reveal that his wife (Salli Richardson) and daughter (Willow Smith) died in a helicopter accident during the chaotic evacuation of Manhattan, prior to the military-enforced quarantine of the island in 2009, in which Neville stays behind on the island as military personnel. Neville's loneliness is mitigated by the companionship of his German Shepherd Samantha aka Sam (given to him by his daughter Marley as a puppy to protect him before she died in the helicopter crash), interaction with mannequins he has set up as patrons at a video store, and recordings of old television broadcasts. At night, he barricades himself and Sam inside his heavily fortified Washington Square Park home to hide from the Darkseekers. One day, while waiting for survivors, Sam follows a deer into a dark building. Neville cautiously goes in after her and finds the deer's corpse along with Sam, but the building is infested by a colony of Darkseekers. Both manage to escape unharmed and the attacking Darkseekers are killed by the sunlight.

text: Neville finds a promising treatment derived from his own blood, so he sets a snare trap and captures a female Darkseeker from the colony building, while a male Darkseeker (termed "Alpha Male" in the script, and played by Dash Mihok)[6] tries to go after them, but is blocked by the sunlight and returns to the shadows. Back in his laboratory in the basement of his house, Neville treats the female without success. The next day, he is ensnared in a trap similar to the one he used to capture the female; by the time he manages to escape, the sun is setting and he is attacked by infected dogs. Neville and Sam manage to eliminate them, but Sam is bitten in the fight. Neville injects her with a strand of his serum, but when she shows signs of infection, Neville is forced to strangle her to death. Heartbroken and driven over the edge of insanity by his dog's death, he ventures out and suicidally attacks a group of Darkseekers the next night. He kills a large number of Darkseekers but the rest overwhelm him and he is nearly killed, but is rescued by a pair of immune survivors, Anna (Alice Braga) and a young boy named Ethan (Charlie Tahan), who have traveled from Maryland after hearing one of his broadcasts. They take the injured Neville back to his home, where Anna explains that they survived the outbreak aboard a Red Cross evacuation ship from São Paulo and are making their way to a survivors' camp in Bethel, Vermont. Neville angrily argues that no such survivors' camp exists.

text: Neville once again attempts to administer a potential cure to the infected woman in his laboratory, but the next night, a group of Darkseekers, who had followed Anna and Neville back the night before, attacks the house. Neville, Anna, and Ethan retreat into the basement laboratory, sealing themselves in with the female Darkseeker on which Neville has been experimenting. Discovering that the last treatment was successful, Neville tries to assess the situation as the alpha male deliberately rams himself against a glass door to break in. Neville draws a vial of blood from the woman he cured and gives it to Anna, before shutting her and Ethan inside a coal chute in the back of the lab. He then takes a grenade and kills the Darkseekers at the cost of his own life, saving the cure. The next day, before dusk, Anna and Ethan discover that her theory is right as they arrive at the survivors camp in Vermont. They are greeted by military officers and other human survivors before Anna is shown handing the cure to military personnel.

text: Director's Cut ending[edit]

text: During the lab attack, the alpha male makes a butterfly-shaped smear on the glass. Neville realizes it is identifying the female which he was experimenting by her butterfly tattoo and wants her back. Neville puts his gun down and returns the female. Neville and the alpha male stare at each other down as the former apologizes to the latter. The alpha male accepts it and the Darkseekers leave. Shocked, Neville looks over the pictures of his numerous test subjects and the implications of his research methods begin to dawn on him. Neville, Anna, and Ethan then drive to the survivors' camp in Vermont with the antidote.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Will Smith as Dr. Robert Neville: A former U.S. Army medical doctor and scientist before the worldwide plague, he loses his wife and daughter in a helicopter crash shortly after Manhattan is quarantined and spends the next three years trying to find a cure while defending himself against the Darkseekers. He is immune to the virus and uses vials of his blood to try to create a cure.
Alice Braga as Anna Montez:[7][8][9] A survivor from Brazil, she spent days harbored on a Red Cross ship in Philadelphia. After the city was overrun, she stayed with Ethan and several other survivors on the ship, but eventually, only Ethan and she survived since they were immune and the others were either infected or killed. She followed Neville's broadcasts to track him.
Charlie Tahan as Ethan: A boy from Philadelphia, who spent time on the Red Cross ship with Anna and accompanied her when the ship was overrun.
Dash Mihok as the Darkseekers' alpha male
Emma Thompson as Dr. Alice Krippin: The doctor who creates the cancer cure, she inadvertently brings mankind to the brink of extinction; Neville dubs the virus "the Krippin virus". Her performance is uncredited.
Salli Richardson as Zoe Neville, Robert's wife
Willow Smith as Marley Neville, Robert's daughter
Joanna Numata as Darkseekers' alpha female
Darrell Foster as Mike
Pat Fraley as voice of the President of the United States
Mike Patton as voices of the Darkseekers

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The science-fiction horror genre reemerged in the late 1990s.[10] In 1995, Warner Bros. began developing the film project, having owned the rights to Richard Matheson's 1954 novel I Am Legend since 1970[11] and having already made the 1971 adaptation The Omega Man. Mark Protosevich was hired to write the script after the studio was impressed with his spec script of The Cell. Protosevich's first draft took place in 2000 in San Francisco, and contained many similarities with the finished film, though the Darkseekers (called 'Hemocytes') were civilized to the point of the creatures in The Omega Man and Anna was a lone morphine addict, as well as the fact that a Hemocyte character named Christopher joined forces with Neville. Warner Bros. immediately put the film on the fast track, attaching Neal H. Moritz as producer.[10]

text: Actors Tom Cruise, Michael Douglas,[12] and Mel Gibson[10] had been considered to star in the film,[12] using a script by Protosevich and with Ridley Scott as director; however, by June 1997, the studio's preference was for actor Arnold Schwarzenegger. In July, Scott and Schwarzenegger finalized negotiations,[13] with production slated to begin the coming September,[12] using Houston as a stand-in for the film's setting of Los Angeles.[14] Scott had Protosevich replaced by a screenwriter of his own choosing, John Logan, with whom he spent months of intensive work on a number of different drafts. The Scott/Logan version of I Am Legend was a mix of sci-fi and psychological thriller, without dialogue in the first hour and with a sombre ending.[10] The creatures in Logan's version were similar to the Darkseekers of the finished film in their animalistic, barbaric nature. The studio, fearing its lack of commercial appeal and merchandising potential, began to worry about the liberties they had given Scott – then on a negative streak of box office disappointments – and urged the production team to reconsider the lack of action in the screenplay. After an "esoteric" draft by writer Neal Jimenez, Warner Bros. reassigned Protosevich to the project, reluctantly working with Scott again.[10]

text: In December 1997, the project was called into question when the projected budget escalated to $108 million due to media and shareholder scrutiny of the studio in financing a big-budget film.[15] Scott rewrote the script in an attempt to reduce the film's budget by $20 million,[16] but in March 1998, the studio canceled the project due to continued budgetary concerns,[17] and quite possibly to the box office disappointment of Scott's last three films, 1492: Conquest of Paradise, White Squall, and G.I. Jane.[10] Likewise, Schwarzenegger's recent films at the time (Eraser and Warner Bros. own Batman & Robin) also underperformed, and the studio's latest experiences with big budget sci-fi movies Sphere and The Postman were negative, as well.[10] In August 1998, director Rob Bowman was attached to the project,[18] with Protosevich hired to write a third all-new draft, far more action-oriented than his previous versions,[10] but the director (who reportedly wished for Nicolas Cage to play the lead) moved on to direct Reign of Fire[19] and the project did not get off the ground.

text: In March 2002, Schwarzenegger became the producer of I Am Legend, commencing negotiations with Michael Bay to direct and Will Smith to star in the film.[20] Bay and Smith were attracted to the project based on a redraft that would reduce its budget.[21] However, the project was shelved due to Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn's dislike of the script.[22] In 2004, Akiva Goldsman was asked by head of production Jeff Robinov to produce the film.[23] In September 2005, director Francis Lawrence signed on to helm the project, with production slated to begin in 2006. Guillermo del Toro was originally approached to direct by Smith, but turned it down to direct Hellboy II: The Golden Army.[24] Lawrence, whose film Constantine was produced by Goldsman, was fascinated by empty urban environments. He said, "Something's always really excited me about that... to have experienced that much loss, to be without people or any kind of social interaction for that long."[23]

text: Goldsman took on the project as he admired the second I Am Legend film adaptation, The Omega Man.[25] A rewrite was done to distance the project from the other zombie films inspired by the novel,[20] as well as from the recently released 28 Days Later, although Goldsman was inspired by the scenes of a deserted London in the British horror film to create the scenes of a deserted New York City.[25] A 40-page scene-by-scene outline of the film was developed by May 2006. When delays occurred on Smith's film Hancock, which was scheduled for 2007, it was proposed to switch the actor's films. This meant filming would have to begin in 16 weeks: production was given a green light, using Goldsman's script and the outline.[23] Elements from Protosevich's script were introduced, while the crew consulted with experts on infectious diseases and solitary confinement.[25] Rewrites continued throughout filming, because of Smith's improvisational skills and Lawrence's preference to keep various scenes silent.[23] The director had watched Jane Campion's film The Piano with a low volume so as to not disturb his newborn son, and realized that silence could be very effective cinema.[26]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Will Smith signed on to play Robert Neville in April 2006.[27] He said he took on I Am Legend because he felt it could be like "Gladiator [or] Forrest Gump—these are movies with wonderful, audience-pleasing elements, but also uncompromised artistic value. [This] always felt like it had those possibilities to me."[25] The actor found Neville to be his toughest acting challenge since portraying Muhammad Ali in Ali (2001). He said that "when you're on your own, it is kind of hard to find conflict." The film's dark tone and exploration of whether Neville has gone insane during his isolation meant Smith had to restrain himself from falling into a humorous routine during takes.[28] To prepare for his role, Smith visited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Georgia. He also met with a person who had been in solitary confinement and a former prisoner of war.[29] Smith compared Neville to Job, who lost his children, livelihood, and health. Like the Book of Job, I Am Legend studies the questions, "Can he find a reason to continue? Can he find the hope or desire to excel and advance in life? Or does the death of everything around him create imminent death for himself?"[20] He also cited an influence in Tom Hanks' performance in Cast Away (2000).[25]

text: Abbey and Kona, both three-year-old German Shepherd dogs, played Neville's dog Sam.[30] The rest of the supporting cast consists of Salli Richardson as Zoe, Robert's wife,[31] and Alice Braga as a survivor named Anna.[31] Willow Smith, Will Smith's daughter, makes her film debut as Marley, Neville's daughter.[32] Emma Thompson has an uncredited role as Dr. Alice Krippin, who appears on television explaining her vaccine for cancer that mutates into the virus.[33] Singer Mike Patton provided the guttural screams of the infected "hemocytes", and Dash Mihok provided the character animation for the infected "alpha male". Several filler characters with uncredited roles were in old news broadcasts and flashbacks, such as the unnamed President's voice (Pat Fraley), and the cast of The Today Show.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Akiva Goldsman decided to move the story from Los Angeles to New York City to take advantage of locations that would more easily show emptiness.[11] Goldsman explained, "L.A. looks empty at three o'clock in the afternoon, [but] New York is never empty . . . it was a much more interesting way of showing the windswept emptiness of the world."[28] Warner Bros. initially rejected this idea because of the logistics,[23] but Francis Lawrence was determined to shoot on location, to give the film a natural feel that would benefit from not shooting on soundstages. Lawrence went to the city with a camcorder, and filmed areas filled with crowds. Then, a special effects test was conducted to remove all those people. The test had a powerful effect on studio executives.[26] Michael Tadross convinced authorities to close busy areas such as the Grand Central Terminal viaduct, several blocks of Fifth Avenue, and Washington Square Park.[23] The film was shot primarily in the anamorphic format, with flashback scenes shot in Super 35.[34]

text: Filming began on September 23, 2006.[35] The Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg was used for the interior of Neville's home,[28] while Greenwich Village was used for the exterior.[20] Other locations include the Tribeca section of lower Manhattan, the aircraft carrier Intrepid, the Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx, and St. Patrick's Cathedral.[11] Weeds were imported from Florida and were strewn across locations to make the city look like it had been overgrown with them.[23] The closure of major streets was controversial with New Yorkers. Will Smith said, "I don't think anyone's going to be able to do that in New York again anytime soon. People were not happy. That's the most middle fingers I've ever gotten in my career."[20]

text: A bridge scene was filmed for six consecutive nights in January on the Brooklyn Bridge to serve as a flashback scene in which New York's citizens evacuate the city. Shooting the scene consumed $5 million of the film's reported $150 million budget, which was likely the most expensive shoot in the city to date. The scene, which had to meet requirements from 14 government agencies, involved 250 crew members and 1,000 extras, including 160 National Guard members.[36][37] Also present were several Humvees, three Strykers, a 110-foot (34 m) cutter, a 41-foot (12 m) utility boat, and two 25-foot (7.6 m) response boat small craft, as well as other vehicles including taxis, police cars, fire trucks, and ambulances.[38] Filming concluded on March 31, 2007.[35] Computer-generated imagery (CGI) was used to depict the main spans of the Brooklyn Bridge and the Manhattan Bridge collapsing as missiles from passing military jets blew them up to quarantine Manhattan island.

text: Reshoots were conducted around November 2007. Lawrence noted, "We weren't seeing fully rendered shots until about a month ago. The movie starts to take on a whole other life. It's not until later that you can judge a movie as a whole and go, 'Huh, maybe we should shoot this little piece in the middle, or tweak this a little bit.' It just so happened that our re-shoots revolved around the end of the movie."[39]

text: Effects[edit]

text: A week into filming, Francis felt the infected (referred to as "Darkseekers" or "hemocytes" in the script), who were being portrayed by actors wearing prosthetics, were not convincing. His decision to use CGI resulted in an increased budget and extended post-production, although the end results were not always well received.[40][41] The concept behind the infected was that their adrenal glands were open all of the time and Lawrence explained, "They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can't get out of people in the middle of the night when they're barefoot. And their metabolisms are really spiked, so they're constantly hyperventilating, which you can't really get actors to do for a long time or they pass out."[23] The actors remained on set to provide motion capture.[28][42] "The film's producers and sound people wanted the creatures in the movie to sound somewhat human, but not the standard", so Mike Patton, lead singer of Faith No More, was engaged to provide the screams and howls of the infected.[43]

text: In addition, CGI was used for the lions and deer in the film, and to erase pedestrians in shots of New York. Workers visible in windows, spectators, and moving cars in the distance were all removed. In his vision of an empty New York, Lawrence cited John Ford as his influence: "We didn't want to make an apocalyptic movie where the landscape felt apocalyptic. A lot of the movie takes place on a beautiful day. There's something magical about the empty city as opposed to dark and scary that was the ideal that the cast and crew wanted."[25]

text: Release[edit]

text: I Am Legend was originally slated for a November 21, 2007, release in the United States and Canada,[44] but was delayed to December 14.[45] The film opened on December 26, 2007, in the United Kingdom,[46] and Ireland, having been originally scheduled for January 4, 2008.[28]

text: In December 2007, China temporarily suspended the release of all American films in the country,[47] which is believed to have delayed the release of I Am Legend. Will Smith spoke to the chairman of China Film Group about securing a release date, later explaining, "We struggled very, very hard to try to get it to work out, but there are only a certain amount of foreign films that are allowed in."[29]

text: Premieres were held in Tokyo, New York, and London. At the London premiere in Leicester Square, British comedian and actor Neg Dupree was arrested after pushing his way onto the red carpet and running around shouting "I am Negend!".[48] The stunt was part of his "Neg's Urban Sports" section of comedy game show Balls of Steel.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A tie-in comic from DC Comics and Vertigo Comics has been created, I Am Legend: Awakening.[49] The project draws upon collaboration from Bill Sienkiewicz, screenwriter Mark Protosevich, and author Orson Scott Card. The son of the original book's author, Richard Christian Matheson, also collaborated on the project. The project will advance from the comic to an online format in which animated featurettes (created by the team from Broken Saints) will be shown on the official website.[50]

text: In October 2007, Warner Bros. Pictures, in conjunction with the Electric Sheep Company, launched the online multiplayer game I Am Legend: Survival in the virtual world Second Life. The game is the largest launched in the virtual world in support of a film release, permitting people to play against each other as the infected or the uninfected across a replicated 60 acres (240,000 m2) of New York City.[51] The studio also hired the ad agency Crew Creative to develop a website that would be specifically viewable on the iPhone.[52]

text: Box office[edit]

text: I Am Legend grossed $77,211,321 on its opening weekend in 3,606 theaters, averaging $21,412 per venue, and placing it at the top of the box office. This set a record for highest-grossing opening for a film for December.[53] The film grossed $256,393,010 in North America and a total of $585,349,010 worldwide.[54] The film was the sixth-highest grossing film of 2007 in North America, and as of April 2014, it remained among the top 100 all-time highest-grossing films both domestically and worldwide (unadjusted for ticket price inflation).[54]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD on March 18, 2008, in two editions: a one-disc release, including the movie with four animated comics ("Death As a Gift", "Isolation", "Sacrificing the Few for the Many", and "Shelter"), and other DVD-ROM features, and a two-disc special edition that includes all these extras, an alternative theatrical version of the movie with an alternate ending,[55] and a digital copy of the film.[56] On the high-definition end, the movie has been released on the Blu-ray Disc format and HD DVD format along with the DVD release, with the HD-DVD version being released later on April 8, 2008.[57] Both HD releases include all the features available in the two-disc DVD edition.[57] A three-disk Ultimate Collector's Edition was also released on December 9, 2008.[58]

text: The film has sold 7.04 million DVDs and earned $126.2 million in revenue, making it the sixth-best-selling DVD of 2008.[59] However, Warner Bros. was reportedly "a little disappointed" with the film's performance on the DVD market.[60]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
I Am Legend

Film score by James Newton Howard

Released
January 15, 2008

Length
44:00

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Producer
James Newton Howard

James Newton Howard chronology

The Water HorseString Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found
I Am Legend

text: The soundtrack for I Am Legend was released on January 15, 2008, under the record label Varèse Sarabande. The music was composed by James Newton Howard. This Also features Bob Marley songs Redemption Song,Three Little Birds and I Shot The Sheriff

text:
I Am Legend Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"My Name Is Robert Neville"
2:50

2.
"Deer Hunting"
1:16

3.
"Evacuation"
4:26

4.
"Scan Her Again"
1:41

5.
"Darkseeker Dogs"
2:16

6.
"Sam's Gone"
1:45

7.
"Talk to Me"
0:55

8.
"The Pier"
5:17

9.
"Can They Do That?"
2:09

10.
"I'm Listening"
2:09

11.
"The Jagged Edge"
5:15

12.
"Reunited"
7:49

13.
"I'm Sorry"
2:21

14.
"Epilogue"
4:13

Total length:
44:00

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film had an approval rating of 70% based on 207 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "I Am Legend overcomes questionable special effects and succeeds largely on the strength of Will Smith's mesmerizing performance."[61] On Metacritic, which assigns a rating to reviews, the film has an average score of 65 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[62]

text: A. O. Scott wrote that Will Smith gave a "graceful and effortless performance" and also noted the "third-act collapse". He felt that the movie "does ponder some pretty deep questions about the collapse and persistence of human civilization".[63] Dana Stevens of Slate wrote that the movie lost its way around the hour mark, noting that "the Infected just aren't that scary."[33] NPR critic Bob Mondello noted the film's subtext concerning global terrorism and that this aspect made the film fit in perfectly with other, more direct cinematic explorations of the subject.[64] Richard Roeper gave the film a positive review on the television program At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper, commending Will Smith as being in "prime form", also saying there are "some amazing sequences" and that there was "a pretty heavy screenplay for an action film."[65] The film has been criticized for diverging from Matheson's novel, especially in its portrayal of a specifically Christian theme.[66] Much of the negative criticism concerned the film's third act,[40][41][67] with some critics favoring the alternative ending in the DVD release.[55] Doug Walker said the alternate ending was "thought provoking", and the theatrical ending was "a betrayal" and "castration".[68]

text: Popular Mechanics published an article on December 14, 2007,[69] addressing some of the scientific issues raised by the film:

text:
the rate of deterioration of urban structures, infrastructure, and survival of fauna and flora
the plausibility of a retrovirus spreading out of control as depicted in the film (The measles virus depicted in the film, however, is not a retrovirus, but is in fact a part of the Paramyxovirus family.)
the mechanics of the Brooklyn Bridge's destruction

tag: ol

text: The magazine solicited reactions from Alan Weisman, author of The World Without Us, virologist W. Ian Lipkin, MD, and Michel Bruneau, PhD, comparing their predictions with the film's depictions. The article raised the most questions regarding the virus' mutation and the medical results, and pointed out that a suspension bridge like the Brooklyn Bridge would likely completely collapse rather than losing only its middle span. Neville's method of producing power using gasoline-powered generators seemed the most credible: "This part of the tale is possible, if not entirely likely," Popular Mechanics editor Roy Berendsohn says.

text: Philosopher Slavoj Zizek criticized the film politically as being the most regressive adaptation from the novel. He said that while the original novel had a progressive multicultural message where Neville became a "legend" to the new creatures and is subsequently killed by them (much like vampires were legends to humans), the 2007 film finds a cure for the Darkseekers and it is delivered by a survivor through apparent divine intervention. According to Zizek, this misses the original message and "openly opt[s] for religious fundamentalism."[70]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: I Am Legend earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards,[71] and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards,[72] Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards,[73] and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards. In June 2008, Will Smith won a Saturn Award for Best Actor.[74] Will Smith also won the MTV Movie Awards for Best Male Performance.[75]

text: Future[edit]

text: Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role. The plot of the film would reveal what happened to Neville before the infected took over New York. D. B. Weiss was hired to write the script, while Lawrence was in negotiations to return as director on the contingent that the story was interesting enough. Smith later discussed the premise, which would have his character and a team going from New York City to Washington, D.C., as they made their last stand against those infected with the virus.[76] The film would again explore the premise of what it is like to be alone. Lawrence stated, "... the tough thing is, how do we do that again and in a different way?"[77] In May 2011, Francis Lawrence stated that the prequel was no longer in development saying, "I don't think that's ever going to happen."[78]

text: In 2012, Warner Bros. announced that negotiations had been made to produce another installment, with the intention of having Will Smith reprise his role.[79] In April 2014, the studio attained a script entitled A Garden at the End of the World, described as a post-apocalyptic variation of The Searchers. Studio executives found so many similarities to I Am Legend in the screenplay, they had the writer Gary Graham rewrite it so it could serve as the next film. Serving as a reboot of the story, the studio hopes to create a franchise of films. Will Smith, who is known for his reluctance to appear in sequels,[80] has not commented on whether he will appear or not.[80]

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: I Am Legend, Richard Matheson, Tor Books; Reissue edition (October 30, 2007), ISBN 0-7653-1874-1


document_title: That's So Raven (soundtrack)

question_text: who sings that's so raven theme song

question_tokens: who sings that 's so raven theme song

root

text: That's So Raven (soundtrack)

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[3]

ParentCenter
(mixed)[4]

tag: table

text: A mixed review by the ParentCenter Family Entertainment Guide called the album both "fun" and "predictable".[4]

tag: p

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Supernatural" - Raven-Symoné (Matthew Gerrard, Michelle Lewis) – 02:58
"Shine" - Raven-Symoné (Ray Cham, Charlene Licera) – 03:07
"Beautiful Soul" - Jesse McCartney (Andy Dodd, Adam Watts) – 03:55
"Got to Be Real" - Cheryl Lynn (David Foster, Cheryl Lynn, David Paich) – 03:49
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" - Stacie Orrico (Sabelle Breer, Kevin Kadish, Harvey Mason Jr., Damon Thomas, Lucy Woodward) – 03:22
"We Are Family" - Jump5 (Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers) – 03:40
"Superstar" -Jamelia (Joe Belmaati, Michael Hansen, Marchell Remeeus) – 03:35
"Ultimate" - Lindsay Lohan (Jeffrey Coplan, Robert Ellis Orrall) – 03:07
"You Gotta Be" - Des'ree (Ashley Ingram, Des'ree) – 04:06
"I'm Every Woman" - Chaka Khan (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson) – 04:08
"Where You Belong" - Huckapoo (Dana Calitri, Mattias Gustafsson, Nina Ossoff) – 03:23
"Jungle Boogie" - Kool & the Gang (Ronald Bell, Kool & the Gang) – 03:05
"Future Is Clear" - Jeannie Ortega (Jimmy Harry, Elliot Lurie) – 03:00
"That's So Raven! (Theme Song)" - Raven-Symoné, Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown (John Coda) – 00:51
"Supernatural (Crystal Ball Mix)" - Raven-Symoné (Matthew Gerrard, Michelle Lewis) – 05:22

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart
Peak
position

Canadian Albums Chart[5]
18

U.S. Billboard 200[6]
44

U.S. Billboard Top Kid Audio[6]
1

U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums[6]
54

U.S. Billboard Top Soundtracks[6]
2

text: Disney Karaoke Series[edit]

text:
Disney Karaoke Series: That's So Raven

Compilation album (Karaoke) by Various artists

Released
March 1, 2005 (U.S.)

Genre
Pop

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
Ted Kryczko (executor), Steven Morrell (associate producer)[7]

text: The Disney Karaoke Series: That's So Raven is a karaoke album featuring songs from the Disney series That's So Raven.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Supernatural"
"Shine"
"We Are Family"
"Ultimate"
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life"
"Jungle Boogie"
"You Gotta Be"
"That's So Raven (Theme Song)"
"Supernatural"
"Shine" (vocal)
"We Are Family" (vocal)
"Ultimate" (vocal)
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" (vocal)
"Jungle Boogie" (vocal)
"You Gotta Be" (vocal)
"That's So Raven (Theme Song)" (vocal)


document_title: Freezing rain

question_text: what do you call the rain with ice

question_tokens: what do you call the rain with ice

text: Freezing rain

text: Mechanism[edit]

text: Freezing rain is often associated with the approach of a warm front, when subfreezing air (temperatures at or below freezing) is trapped in the lowest levels of the atmosphere while warm air advects in aloft.[3] This happens, for instance, when a low pressure system moves from the Mississippi River Valley toward the Appalachian Mountains and the Saint Lawrence River Valley of North America during the cold season, with a strong high pressure system sitting further east. This setup is known as cold-air damming, and is characterized by very cold and dry air at the surface within the region of high pressure. The warm air from the Gulf of Mexico is often the fuel for freezing precipitation.

text: Freezing rain develops when falling snow encounters a layer of warm air aloft, typically around the 800 mbar (800 hPa) level, causing the snow to melt and become rain. As the rain continues to fall, it passes through a layer of subfreezing air just above the surface and cools to a temperature below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F). If this layer of subfreezing air is sufficiently deep, the raindrops may have time to freeze into ice pellets (sleet) before reaching the ground. However, if the subfreezing layer of air at the surface is very shallow, the rain drops falling through it will not have time to freeze and they will hit the ground as supercooled rain. When these supercooled drops make contact with the ground, power lines, tree branches, aircraft, or anything else below 0 °C (32 °F), a portion of the drops instantly freezes, forming a thin film of ice, hence freezing rain.[4][5] The specific physical process by which this occurs is called nucleation.

text: Observations[edit]

text: Surface observations by manned or automatic stations are the only direct confirmation of freezing rain. One can never see directly freezing rain, rain or snow on weather radars, Doppler or conventional. However, it is possible to estimate the area covered by freezing rain with radars indirectly.

text: The intensity of the radar echoes (reflectivity) is proportional to the form (water or ice) of the precipitation and its diameter. In fact, rain has much stronger reflective power than snow but its diameter is much smaller. So the reflectivity of rain coming from melted snow is only slightly higher. However, in the layer where the snow is melting, the wet flakes still have a large diameter and are coated with water so the returns to the radar is much stronger.

text: The presence of this brightband indicates that there is a warm layer above ground where snow melts. This could be producing rain on the ground or the possibility of freezing rain if the temperature is below freezing. This artifact can be located, like on the image at left, with a cross-section through radar data. The height and slope of the brightband will give clues to the extent of the region where melting occurs. Then it is possible to associate this clue with surface observations and numerical models prediction to produce output such as the ones seen on television weather programs that divide radar echoes into rain, mixed and snow precipitations.

text: Effects[edit]

text: At ground level[edit]

text: Freezing rain often causes major power outages by forming glaze ice. When the freezing rain or drizzle is light and not prolonged, the ice formed is thin and usually causes only minor damage (relieving trees of their dead branches, etc.).[6] When large quantities accumulate, however, it is one of the most dangerous types of winter hazard.[7] When the ice layer exceeds approximately 6.4 mm (0.25 in)[citation needed], tree limbs with branches heavily coated in ice can break off under the enormous weight and fall onto power lines. Windy conditions and lightning, when present, will exacerbate the damage. Power lines coated with ice become extremely heavy, causing support poles, insulators and lines to break. The ice that forms on roadways makes vehicle travel dangerous. Unlike snow, wet ice provides almost no traction, and vehicles will slide even on gentle slopes. Because freezing rain does not hit the ground as an ice pellet (called "sleet") but still as a rain droplet, it conforms to the shape of the ground, or object such as a tree branch or car. This makes one thick layer of ice, often called "glaze".

text: Freezing rain and glaze ice on a large scale is called an ice storm. Effects on plants can be severe, as they cannot support the weight of the ice. Trees may snap as they are dormant and fragile during winter weather. Pine trees are also victims of ice storms as their needles will catch the ice, but not be able to support the weight. In February 1994, a severe ice storm caused over $1 billion in damage in the Southern United States, primarily in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, and Western North Carolina, especially the Appalachians. One particularly severe ice storm struck eastern Canada and northern parts of New York and New England in the North American ice storm of 1998.[8][9]

text: Aircraft[edit]

text: Freezing rain is considered to be an extreme hazard to aircraft, as it causes very rapid structural icing. Most helicopters and small airplanes lack the necessary deicing equipment to fly in freezing rain of any intensity, and heavy freezing rain can overwhelm even the most sophisticated deicing systems on large airplanes. Icing can increase an aircraft's weight but not typically enough to cause a hazard. The main danger comes from the ice changing the shape of its airfoils. This will reduce lift and increase drag. All three factors increase stalling speed and reduce aircraft performance, making it very difficult to climb or even maintain level altitude.

text: An aircraft can most easily avoid freezing rain by moving into warmer air — under most conditions, this would require aircraft to descend, which it can usually do safely and easily even with a moderate accumulation of structural ice. However, freezing rain is accompanied by a temperature inversion aloft, meaning that aircraft actually need to climb to move into warmer air — a potentially difficult and dangerous task with even a small amount of ice accumulation.

text: For example, in 1994, American Eagle Flight 4184 encountered heavy air traffic and poor weather that postponed the arrival of this flight at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, where it was to have landed en route from Indianapolis, Indiana. The ATR-72, a twin-engine turboprop carrying 68 people, entered a holding pattern 105 km or 65 mi southeast of O'Hare. As the plane circled, supercooled cloud droplets, freezing rain or freezing drizzle formed a ridge of ice on the upper surface of its wings, eventually causing the aircraft's autopilot to suddenly disconnect and the pilots to lose control. The ATR disintegrated on impact with a field below; all passengers and crew were killed.


document_title: Terrace House: Opening New Doors

question_text: when does the new terrace house come out

text: Terrace House: Opening New Doors

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
№
Name
Occupation
Birth date
Age*
Appearance

English
Japanese
Nickname
Eps
#

01
Ami Komuro
小室安未
Ami
university student
January 19, 1997
20
01 -

02
Yuudai Arai
新井雄大
Yuudai
aspiring chef
April 8, 1998
19
01 - 09
9

03
Mizuki Haruta
治田みずき
Mizuki
freelance writer / interpreter
June 30, 1991
26
01 - 09
9

04
Takayuki Nakamura
中村貴之
Taka
professional snowboarder
May 25, 1986
31
01 -

05
Tsubasa Sato
佐藤つば冴
Tsubasa
ice hockey player
September 28, 1993
24
01 -

06
Shion Okamoto
岡本至恩
Shion
model
January 13, 1995
22
01 -

07
Shohey Uemura
上村翔平
Shohey
musician / vocalist
July 16, 1989
28
10 -

08
Seina Shimabukuro
島袋聖南
Seina
model
April 4, 1987
30
10 -

text: *Age when they first joined Terrace House.

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Guest appearances[edit]

text:
Name
Japanese
Cast member
Episode(s)

Hana Imai
今井華
Boys × Girls Next Door
Episode 14

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No. in Season
No. in Part
Title
Netflix Japan Release Date
Fuji TV Air Date
Length (mins)

Part 1

1
1
"Opening New Doors"
December 19, 2017 (2017-12-19)
January 22, 2018
42

2
2
"A New Experience For Her"
December 26, 2017 (2017-12-26)
January 29, 2018
34

3
3
"Captain Tsubasa"
January 2, 2018 (2018-01-02)
February 5, 2018
32

4
4
"The Reason She Cried"
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
February 12, 2018
36

5
5
"Cocky Kid"
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
February 19, 2018
40

6
6
"First Snowfall"
January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)
February 26, 2018
42

7
7
"I Erased Him From My World"
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
March 12, 2018
42

8
8
"A Man with Different Values"
February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)
April 9, 2018
38

Part 2

9
1
"She's the MVP"
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
April 16, 2018
44

10
2
"The Christmas Assassin"
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
April 23, 2018
37

11
3
"Best Actor in a Supporting Role"
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
TBA
37

12
4
"If Only You Were Five Years Younger"
March 20, 2018 (2018-03-20)
TBA
40

13
5
"She Asks Too Much For Love"
April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)
TBA
40

14
6
"The Birthday That Decided Their Fate"
April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)
TBA
36

15
7
"The Mustache Tells the Story of Love"
April 17, 2018 (2018-04-17)
TBA
39

16
8
"Life is Just a Little Too Late"
April 24, 2018 (2018-04-24)
TBA
TBA


document_title: List of tallest players in National Basketball Association history

question_text: who is the tallest basketball player in nba

text: This is a  list of the tallest players in National Basketball Association history. Twenty five of them have been listed at 7 feet 3 inches (2.21 m) or taller. Two are active as of the 2017–18 season; Kristaps Porziņģis of the New York Knicks and Boban Marjanović of the Los Angeles Clippers. The tallest player inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is 7-foot-6-inch (2.29 m) Yao Ming. In addition to Yao, Ralph Sampson and Arvydas Sabonis were the only other players 7'3" or taller selected to the Hall of Fame.

text: In the seventh round of the 1981 NBA Draft, the Golden State Warriors used the 171st pick to select Yasutaka Okayama, a Japanese basketball player who was measured at 7 feet 8 inches (2.34 m) and 330 pounds (150 kg).[1][2] Okayama, who attended and played junior varsity basketball at the University of Portland for one and a half years in 1976 as an exchange student, declined to try out for the Warriors and never played in the NBA.[3] He is the tallest person ever drafted and would have been the tallest player in the NBA had he played in the league.[4]

text:
^

Active NBA player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

GP
Games played
Pts
Points
PPG
Points per game

FG%
Field goal percentage
FT%
Free throw percentage
Reb
Rebounds

RPG
Rebounds per game
Blk
Blocks
BPG
Blocks per game

text:
Height

Weight

Player

Nationality

Teams

GP

Pts

PPG

FG%

FT%

Reb

RPG

Blk

BPG

Notes

7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)

315 lb (143 kg)

Gheorghe Mureșan

 Romania

Washington Bullets (1993–1997)  New Jersey Nets (1998–2000)

307

3,020

9.8

.573

.644

1,957

6.4

455

1.5

Generally considered slightly taller than Manute Bol.  Bol was officially measured at 7 feet, 6 3/4 inches tall by the Guinness Book of World Records.

7 ft 6.75 in (2.31 m)

200 lb (91 kg)

Manute Bol

 Sudan

Washington Bullets (1985–1988, 1994)  Golden State Warriors (1988–1990, 1994)  Philadelphia 76ers (1990–1993, 1994)  Miami Heat (1994)

624

1,599

2.6

.407

.561

2,647

4.2

2,086

3.3

Played alongside the shortest player in NBA history, Muggsy Bogues, during the 1987–88 season for the Washington Bullets; their difference in height was 28 inches (71 cm).  Only player in NBA history to have more blocked shots than points scored in his career.  Weighed just 195 pounds (89 kg)[citation needed] when he entered the league in 1985.

7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)

275 lb (125 kg)

Shawn Bradley

 U.S.   Germany

Philadelphia 76ers (1993–1995)  New Jersey Nets (1995–1997)  Dallas Mavericks (1997–2005)

832

6,752

8.1

.457

.716

5,268

6.3

2,119

2.5

Born to American parents in the former West Germany.

7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)

310 lb (141 kg)

 Yao Ming*

 China

Houston Rockets (2002–2011)

481

9,196

19.1

.525

.832

4,467

9.3

912

1.9

Tallest player to play in at least one All-Star Game. Also tallest player inducted into the Hall of Fame.

7 ft 5 in (2.26 m)

359 lb (163 kg)

Sim Bhullar

 Canada

Sacramento Kings (2015)

3

2

0.7

.500

—

1

0.3

1

0.3

First NBA player of Indian descent. Played 16 seconds in his debut on April 7, 2015.

7 ft 5 in (2.26 m)

250 lb (113 kg)

Chuck Nevitt

 United States

Houston Rockets (1982–1983, 1988–1990)  Los Angeles Lakers (1984–1985)  Detroit Pistons (1985–1988)  Chicago Bulls (1991)  San Antonio Spurs (1993)

155

251

1.6

.438

.589

239

1.5

111

0.7

Tallest player to win an NBA Championship.

7 ft 5 in (2.26 m)

305 lb (138 kg)

Pavel Podkolzin

 Russia

Dallas Mavericks (2004–2006)

6

4

0.7

.000

.500

9

1.5

1

0.1

7 ft 5 in (2.26 m)

294 lb (133 kg)

Slavko Vraneš

 Montenegro

Portland Trail Blazers (2004)

1

0

0.0

.000

—

0

0.0

0

0.0

Played in one game, on January 8, 2004 against the Minnesota Timberwolves.  Played 3 minutes, with one shot attempt from the field (missed) and one personal foul.  Vraneš was officially listed as 7'5" while playing in the NBA, and has since grown taller (7'6" or 2.30 m), according to most sources.

7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)

290 lb (132 kg)

Mark Eaton

 United States

Utah Jazz (1982–1993)

875

5,216

6.0

.458

.649

6,939

7.9

3,064

3.5

He set records for most blocked shots per game in a single season (5.56 bpg in 1984–85) and for an entire career (3.50 bpg) - both marks still stand today.

7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)

250 lb (113 kg)

Rik Smits

 Netherlands

Indiana Pacers (1988–2000)

867

12,871

14.8

.507

.773

5,277

6.1

1,111

1.3

7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)

235 lb (107 kg)

Ralph Sampson*

 United States

Houston Rockets (1983–1987)  Golden State Warriors (1987–1989)  Sacramento Kings (1989–1991)  Washington Bullets (1991–1992)

456

7,039

15.4

.486

.661

4,011

8.8

752

1.6

7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)

325 lb (147 kg)

Priest Lauderdale

 United States

Atlanta Hawks (1996–1997)  Denver Nuggets (1997–1998)

74

255

3.4

.472

.554

143

1.9

26

0.4

7 ft 3.5 in (2.22 m)

293 lb (133 kg)

Boban Marjanović^

 Serbia

San Antonio Spurs (2015–2016)Detroit Pistons (2016–2018)Los Angeles Clippers (2018–present)

89

488

5.5

.578

.779

324

3.6

35

0.4

7 ft 3.5 in (2.22 m)

290 lb (132 kg)

Peter John Ramos

 Puerto Rico

Washington Wizards (2004–2005)

6

11

1.8

.500

.500

4

0.7

1

0.2

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

263 lb (119 kg)

Randy Breuer

 United States

Milwaukee Bucks (1983–1990)  Minnesota Timberwolves (1990–1992)  Atlanta Hawks (1992–1993)  Sacramento Kings (1993)

681

4,599

6.8

.467

.628

2,986

4.4

750

1.1

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

212 lb (96 kg)

Keith Closs

 United States

Los Angeles Clippers (1997–2000)

130

502

3.9

.471

.606

372

2.9

163

1.3

During his collegiate career, Closs averaged 5.9 blocks per game, which is the NCAA Division I record.

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

235 lb (107 kg)

Swede Halbrook

 United States

Syracuse Nationals (1960–1962)

143

786

5.5

.347

.591

949

6.6

—

—

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

260 lb (118 kg)

Žydrūnas Ilgauskas

 Lithuania

Cleveland Cavaliers (1997–2010)  Miami Heat (2010–2011)

771

10,616

13.8

.475

.780

5,904

7.7

1,269

1.6

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

250 lb (113 kg)

Aleksandar Radojević

 Bosnia & Herzegovina Montenegro

Toronto Raptors (1999–2000)  Utah Jazz (2004–2005)

15

26

1.7

.308

.625

36

2.4

3

0.2

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

292 lb (132 kg)

Arvydas Sabonis*

 Lithuania

Portland Trail Blazers (1995–2001, 2002–2003)

470

5,629

12.0

.500

.786

3,436

7.3

494

1.1

Sabonis was originally drafted into the NBA in 1986 (Rd. 1, #24 overall), but he was not allowed to play in the NBA for most of his career due to restrictions by the former Soviet Union.

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

305 lb (138 kg)

Ha Seung-Jin

 South Korea

Portland Trail Blazers (2005–2006)

46

70

1.5

.519

.500

67

1.5

13

0.3

Only Korean player to play in the NBA.

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

290 lb (132 kg)

Hasheem Thabeet^

 Tanzania

Memphis Grizzlies (2009–2011)  Houston Rockets (2011–2012)  Portland Trail Blazers (2012)  Oklahoma City Thunder (2012–2014)

224

483

2.2

.567

.578

595

2.7

184

0.8

Only Tanzanian player to play in the NBA.

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

256 lb (116 kg)

Tibor Pleiß

 Germany

Utah Jazz (2015–2016)

12

24

2.0

.440

1.000

15

1.3

2

0.2

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

265 lb (120 kg)

Walter Tavares

 Cape Verde

Atlanta Hawks (2015–2016)Cleveland Cavaliers (2017)

13

33

2.5

.625

.273

32

2.5

12

0.9

Only Cape Verdean player to play in the NBA.

7 ft 3 in (2.21 m)

240 lb (109 kg)

Kristaps Porziņģis^

 Latvia

New York Knicks (2015–Present)

138

2,224

16.1

.436

.811

1001

7.3

263

1.9

Was measured at 7'1" during the NBA Draft Combine, but grew two inches before officially playing for the New York Knicks. Is the tallest winner of the Taco Bell Skills Challenge.