document_title: Goo Goo Dolls

question_text: who are the goo goo dolls touring with

question_tokens: who are the goo goo dolls touring with

text: Goo Goo Dolls

text: History[edit]

text: Origins and early music (1985–1993)[edit]

text: The band's original lineup included John Rzeznik (vocals, guitar), Robby Takac (vocals, bass), and George Tutuska (drums, percussion). Takac and Tutuska had been long-time friends in school and met Rzeznik while he was playing in the band The Beaumonts with Takac's cousin, Paul Takac.[7] The trio picked their name from a True Detective ad for a toy called a Goo Goo Doll.[8] "We were young and we were a garage band not trying to get a deal. We had a gig that night and needed a name. It's the best we came up with, and for some reason it stuck. If I had five more minutes, I definitely would have picked a better name", John stated. With Takac as their lead singer, the band released their first album, Goo Goo Dolls in 1987 on Mercenary Records, but was picked up in 1988 by Celluloid Records, a larger record company. They played around Buffalo's underground music circuit opening for punk bands such as SNFU, Dag Nasty, ALL, The Dead Milkmen, Gang Green, Doughboys, and DRI and playing with fellow Buffalo bands. The band released its second album Jed in 1989.[9]

text: The band released its third album, Hold Me Up, in 1990 and featured Rzeznik as the lead vocalist on five tracks, including the single, "There You Are"—as well as their then concert favorite, "Two Days in February". After being embraced by local college radio and punk scenes (including playing such venues as CBGB), the Goo Goo Dolls' third release incorporated elements of heavy metal, pop rock, and punk rock. In 1991, the song "I'm Awake Now" was recorded for the soundtrack of Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare.

text: Superstar Car Wash, released in 1993, received significant media attention. The critical success and encouraging sales of their last album resulted in a larger budget from Metal Blade Records. The album was partially recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario. "We Are the Normal" (the single for which Rzeznik asked frontman Paul Westerberg of The Replacements to write the lyrics) received a major push toward play on college and independent radio, while its video was displayed on MTV's 120 Minutes program. "Fallin' Down" made it onto the 1993 soundtrack of Pauly Shore's hit film Son in Law.

text: Mainstream breakthrough, legal issues, and Tutuska's departure (1993–1997)[edit]

text: Shortly after recording the band's fifth album A Boy Named Goo, Tutuska was kicked out of the band. The band moved forward from this December 31, 1994 incident, hiring Mike Malinin, and toured rigorously.

text: A Boy Named Goo, released in 1995, had a catchy rock sound, and became one of the most successful alternative rock albums of the mid-1990s. It sold modestly in this time; however, it was not until the release of the single "Name" that the band experienced any viable commercial success. A Boy Named Goo became the first album in Metal Blade history to achieve double-platinum status. This success, however, proved bittersweet, as the band found themselves in a legal battle with Metal Blade records. The band filed suit against Metal Blade, claiming they had not earned any royalties from their album's sales, which was attributed to a "grossly unfair, one-sided and unenforceable contract" which had been signed by the band in 1987.[10] The two sides reached a settlement which had the band signed to the Metal Blade's distributing label, Warner Bros. Records, under which the band released their sixth album, Dizzy Up the Girl, in 1998.[11] The undisputed success of "Name" marked a fundamental change in the band's sound from alternative rock to a more mainstream "adult orientated rock" (AOR) direction which disappointed many of the original fans of the band. It was "Name" that had made the band popular and they were able to make guest appearances on Beverly Hills, 90210, Charmed, and even presented an award to Michael Jackson.

text: "Iris" and superstardom (1997–2005)[edit]

text: Rzeznik was approached to write a song for the City of Angels soundtrack, and the end product was "Iris". This song propelled the band to stardom, as it stayed on top of Billboard Hot 100 Airplay charts for a record-breaking 18 weeks and spent 4 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Pop Songs chart. Later that year, it was nominated for three Grammys. According to several interviews with Rzeznik, he was experiencing serious bouts of writer's block when he was approached, and was on the verge of quitting the band days before he wrote the song.[12]

text: "Iris" was included on the triple-platinum Dizzy Up the Girl, and was among top-ten hits "Slide", "Black Balloon", "Broadway", and "Dizzy" from the same album. In 2001, the Goos released their first ever compilation CD, What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce. Next, Gutterflower (2002) achieved gold certification, producing the hits "Here Is Gone", "Sympathy", and "Big Machine". On July 4, 2004, the band performed a free concert in their hometown of Buffalo, playing through a deluge of rain that can be seen on the DVD released later that year. The DVD also contained a studio version of the Goo Goo Dolls' cover of "Give a Little Bit" by Supertramp. The single reached the top of the Adult Top 40 chart in 2005.

text: July 4, 2004 has been proclaimed "Goo Goo Dolls Day" in their native Buffalo, New York.[13]

text: Let Love In (2005–2007)[edit]

text: In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of "Give a Little Bit" as well as other top 10 radio singles "Better Days", "Stay with You", and "Let Love In". With their third consecutive single ("Let Love In") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of "Before It's Too Late" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, "Without You Here", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called "Before It's Too Late", originally titled "Fiction". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed "Before It's Too Late" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007.[14] In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of "Without You Here" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall.[citation needed]

text: On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high–definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.

text: The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run. The video was a compilation of shots from the Buffalo area and Sabres players played to the song "Better Days". It was played on jumbotron and at the HSBC Arena before every playoff game.

text: Though not certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the album is said to have gone Gold by various music sites.[15]

text: The song "Better Days" was used in the trailer for the 2009 film Love Happens. It was also used in the pilot episode of the CBS TV show, Jericho and in a promo for WGRZ aired during Super Bowl XLVI.

text: Greatest hits albums (2007–2008)[edit]

text: On November 13, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls released a greatest hits album entitled Greatest Hits Volume One: The Singles, which includes a new version of "Name" recorded and mixed by Paul David Hager, and a remix of "Feel the Silence" by Michael Brauer.[16] On August 19, 2008, a second greatest hits album was released entitled Vol.2, which includes b-sides, rarities, and a live performance at Red Rocks Amphitheatre from their "Let Love In" tour.

text: The band performed "Better Days" and "Stay With You" at the halftime of the Detroit Lions' 2007 Thanksgiving Day game at Ford Field, which focused on the United Way and the NFL's commitment to youth health and fitness.[17]

text: Something for the Rest of Us (2008–2011)[edit]

text: The Goo Goo Dolls announced recording sessions for a new album, on their official website, unrelated to their Volume Two in 2008.[18] In addition, the band performed as part of the O2 Wireless Festival in London's Hyde Park in the summer of 2008,[19] at the Miller Lite Rock 'N Racing show at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway during qualifying for the 2008 Allstate 400 at the Brickyard NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race,[20] as well as performing a four-show tour across England.

text: On June 19, 2008 at a ceremony in New York City, the band's singer and principal songwriter John Rzeznik was named that year's recipient of the Hal David Starlight Songwriter Award. Past recipients of the prestigious award include: Rob Thomas, Alicia Keys, John Mayer and John Legend.

text: On June 12, 2009, the band mentioned on their Facebook page that the producer for their new album was Tim Palmer.[21] On August 15, 2009, Robby Takac posted an update on his Twitter account stating that the recording for the new album had been completed, and the mixing of the album was yet to be done.[22] Then on September 18, 2009, John Rzeznik stated in an interview on Good Day L.A., that the new album had tentatively been titled Something for the Rest of Us.[23]

text: Something for the Rest of Us was released on August 31, 2010.[24] While the album was full of the pop-rock that has sustained the band for decades, lead singer/guitarist Rzeznik's songwriting took on a more somber, serious tone.[25]

text: The band performed a live mini concert at the Apple Store in Manhattan, New York on December 2, 2010. The show was recorded and was released in 2011 as a part of Apple's "Live at SoHo" collection which is sold online at the iTunes Store.[26] On January 3, 2011, the band performed the halftime show at the Orange Bowl played between the Stanford Cardinal and the Virginia Tech Hokies. On January 30, 2011, they performed before the start of the Pro Bowl in Hawaii. On February 7, 2011 they performed at the Delta Ballroom in St. John's Newfoundland, beginning their 2011 Canadian tour.

text: Magnetic and Malinin's departure (2011–2015)[edit]

text: During an interview with UpVenue on February 16, 2011, Rzeznik confirmed that he was writing new material for a new album: "I've actually been experimenting, in this last week, while we've been out on this tour, just writing lyrics and then figuring out the melodic structures", said Rzeznik. "We can't wait another four years to put another album out; that's just a ridiculous waste of time."[27]

text: On May 23, 2011, it was announced that the band had recorded a song for the 2011 film Transformers: Dark of the Moon called "All That You Are", and was released on the film's soundtrack on June 14, 2011. In September 2011, "Iris" reached the number three spot in the Top 40 in the UK, 13 years after its original release.

text: On August 9, 2012, the band announced that they had started recording their tenth studio album.[28] The new album, titled Magnetic, was recorded using multiple producers. On January 18, 2013, the band released the first single off of Magnetic titled "Rebel Beat".[29] Magnetic was released on June 11, 2013 [6] and debuted at #8 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart. On July 19, 2013 the band released the second single off of Magnetic, "Come to Me".[30]

text: The band supported the album with a co-headlining tour with Matchbox Twenty, a Canadian tour,[31] an acoustic tour with support from Run River North,[32] and a co-headlining tour with Daughtry.[33]

text: On December 27, 2013, Malinin announced his departure from the band via Twitter[34] and Facebook.[35]

text: The Goo Goo Dolls contributed to the soundtrack of the broadway musical Finding Neverland in 2015. The soundtrack, released June 9, 2015, contained the song "If the World Turned Upside Down."[36]

text: Boxes, vinyl albums, and 20th anniversary of A Boy Named Goo and touring (2015–2017)[edit]

text: The band spent the majority of 2015 in the studio writing and recording their eleventh studio album, Boxes, at Bear Creek Studio in Woodinville, Washington. Robby Takac revealed that there were eleven tracks, two of which were songs he sang lead vocals on, and that three out of eleven tracks were already completed. The album was released on May 6, 2016.

text: The Goo Goo Dolls celebrated the 20th anniversary of the release of A Boy Named Goo by releasing a special edition of the album on November 27, 2015. The special edition contains the original track listing of the album, along with seven unreleased tracks. In addition, Dizzy Up the Girl and A Boy Named Goo were released for the first time on vinyl on October 8 and November 27, respectively.[37][38]

text: On February 22, 2016 the band announced a 2016 summer tour with Collective Soul and Tribe Society to promote Boxes.[39]

text: Goo Goo Dolls released an exclusive vinyl box set for Record Store Day on April 22, 2017 entitled Pick Pockets, Petty Thieves, and Tiny Victories (1987-1995) on Warner Bros. Records. The five vinyl disc box set features their first five studio albums, including their first album, Goo Goo Dolls on vinyl for the first time since 1987, Hold Me Up for the first time on vinyl domestically, Superstar Car Wash and Jed for the first time ever on vinyl and A Boy Named Goo. There were just 1,000 copies of the box set pressed.[40]

text: You Should Be Happy EP and touring (2017–present)[edit]

text: On May 12, 2017, Goo Goo Dolls released a five-song EP, entitled You Should Be Happy, which features 4 original songs and a re-mix of the title track, "Boxes," from their last album. In support of the EP the band will be touring throughout the summer of 2017 on the "Long Way Home" tour with Phillip Phillips.[41] The tour included a performance in their hometown, Buffalo, on August 12.[42]

text: Philanthropy[edit]

text: The Goo Goo Dolls have been closely involved with several charities over the years. Through the organization USA Harvest, millions of meals have been distributed to people in need by generous fans bringing nonperishable goods to the band's concerts over the course of more than a decade. A scholarship fund was created by the band for St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute in honor of Nicholas Orrange, John Rzeznik's nephew. It is a high school with higher academic requirements. The purpose of this scholarship is to aid people who carry the grades but cannot afford the school, which is considered one of the finest college preparatory programs in the Western New York area.

text: Over the years the Goo Goo Dolls have also been involved with the Food Bank of Western NY and Compass House. The band has also volunteered their time to perform at events for ECHO, Light of Day, among others. They have lent a hand for causes from Autism research, to scholastic musical programs as well as participating and donating to innumerable other charities.

text: John Rzeznik is an ambassador for VH1's Save the Music Foundation. Robby Takac is the founder of the Music is Art Foundation.

text: Band members[edit]

text:
Current members

John Rzeznik – guitar, lead vocals (1985–present)
Robby Takac – bass, vocals (1985–present)

Former members

George Tutuska – drums, percussion, vocals (1985–1995)
Mike Malinin – drums, percussion (1994–2013)

Current touring members

Brad Fernquist – guitar, mandolin, backing vocals (2006–present)
Korel Tunador – keyboards, guitar, saxophone, backing vocals (2006–present)
Craig Macintyre – drums, percussion, backing vocals (2014–present)[43]

Former touring members

Lance Diamond – vocals (1986–2014)
Nathan December – guitar, mandolin, backing vocals (1998–2000)
Dave Schulz – keyboards, backing vocals (1998–2000)[44]
Jason Freese – keyboards, accordion, saxophone, backing vocals (2001–2004)
Greg Suran – guitar, mandolin, percussion, backing vocals (2002–2006)
Paul Gordon – keyboards, backing vocals (2004–2006)
Scott Eric Olivier – keyboards, guitar, backing vocals (2009)
Rick Woolstenhulme Jr. – drums, percussion (2013–2014)[43]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Goo Goo Dolls (1987)[45]
Jed (1989)
Hold Me Up (1990)
Superstar Car Wash (1993)
A Boy Named Goo (1995)
Dizzy Up the Girl (1998)
Gutterflower (2002)
Let Love In (2006)
Something for the Rest of Us (2010)
Magnetic (2013)
Boxes (2016)
You Should Be Happy (2017)

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Award
Won/Nominated

1998
Grammy Awards
Record of the Year – "Iris"
Nominated

Grammy Awards
Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals – "Iris"
Nominated

Grammy Awards
Song of the Year – "Iris"
Nominated (John Rzeznik)

2000
Grammy Awards
Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group With Vocals – "Black Balloon"
Nominated

ASCAP Pop Awards
"Slide" ASCAP Pop Song of the Year
Won

2001
ASCAP Pop Awards
"Black Balloon" & "Slide" – most performed pop songs in the ASCAP repertory
Won

2003
ASCAP Pop Awards
"Here Is Gone" – most performed pop songs in the ASCAP repertory
Won

2005
Radio Music Awards
"Song of the Year Adult Hit Radio" for "Give A Little Bit"
Nominated

Radio Music Awards
Artist of the Year Adult Hit Radio
Won

2007
ASCAP Pop Awards
"Better Days" – most performed pop songs in the ASCAP repertory
Won

2008
The Average Lives of Students Music Awards
2008 Excellence Award
Won

Songwriters Hall of Fame
Hal David Starlight Award
Won (John Rzeznik)

2013
Guitar Center RockWalk Hall of Fame
RockWalk Hall of Fame – Inducted May 7
Won

text: References and notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Huey, Steve. "Goo Goo Dolls". AllMusic. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stevenson, Jane (June 28, 2013). "Goo Goo Dolls, Matchbox Twenty put on crowd-pleasing Amphitheatre show". Toronto Sun. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Magnarella, Patrick. "Goo Goo Fans – Biography". GooGooFans.com. GooGooFans. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls Break Own Record for Most Top 10 Singles on Billboard/BDS Adult Top 40 Chart". marketwired.com (Press release). Warner Bros. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (3 October 2012). "The Top 100 Pop Songs 1992-2012, From No. 100 To No. 1 - Chart Beat". billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "GOO GOO DOLLS: New Album Magnetic Available May 7th". googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Morano, Scott (1996). "Goo Goo Dolls FAQ". musicfanclubs.org. Music Fan Clubs. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone, November 1999.[unreliable source?]
Jump up ^ Taylor, B. Kimberly (1996). "Goo Goo Dolls Biography". Contemporary Musicians. Thomson Gale. Archived from the original on 20 November 2006. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls Want Label to Forget Their Name". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. 2 December 1996. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls Lawsuit Coming to a Head". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. 12 April 1997. Archived from the original on 2 October 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Lovelady, Lyndsey (6 September 2010). "Multi Platinum Man: An Interview With Goo Goo Dolls' Johnny Rzeznik". American Songwriter. American Songwriter. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Gomez, Luis (8 July 2013). "Interview: Backstage party with Goo Goo Dolls singer John Rzeznik". articles.chicagotribune.com/. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Naidenov, Eugeny (30 April 2007). "Goo Goo Dolls Transforming Experience?". ultimate-guitar.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Luce, Patrick (19 February 2007). "The Goo Goo Dolls set for CD/DVD version of 'Let Love In' and world tour". monstersandcritics.com. Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls to Release First-Ever Greatest Hits CD". marketwired.com. Warner Bros. 23 August 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls Team with NFL & United Way in Detroit Lions' Thanksgiving Halftime Show". marketwired.com. Warner Bros. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Goo Goo Dolls". www.googoodolls.com. 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Alex (12 March 2008). "Goo Goo Dolls Join O2 Wireless Bill". digitalspy.com. Digital Spy. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Paul (30 April 2008). "Miller Lite Rock 'N Racing Show July 26". indianapolismotorspeedway.com. Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Archived from the original on 15 July 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls Facebook". facebook.com. Facebook. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Takac, Robby. "Robby Takac (RobbyTakac) on Twitter". Twitter.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Video from:Good Day LA (October 31, 2009). "Goo Goo Dolls' John Rzeznik on GDLA | FOX 11 News". Myfoxla.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ "John Rzeznik – Twitter". John Rzeznik. May 31, 2010. Archived from the original on January 21, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Ann (23 July 2010). "Goo Goo Dolls Had Fun 'Blowing Things Up' on New Album, Says Frontman". Billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Apple In Store Announced". googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Terry (17 February 2014). "Goo Goo Dolls Interview". upvenue.com. UpVenue. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Recording!". Goo Goo Dolls. August 9, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls (googoodolls) on Twitter". Twitter.com. January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sarah (19 July 2013). "New Single – 'Come To Me' – Goo Goo Dolls Official Blog". Googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Etina (6 December 2013). "Canadian Tour Announced! – Goo Goo Dolls Official Blog". Googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Etina (23 January 2014). "Acoustic Tour Dates Announced! – Goo Goo Dolls Official Blog". Googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Etina (10 March 2014). "Goo Goo Dolls and Daughtry Summer Tour – Goo Goo Dolls Official Blog". Googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Malinin, Mike (December 27, 2013). "Twitter / mikemalinin: Got some news today. Just wanted". Twitter.com. Twitter. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Malinin, Mike (December 27, 2013). "Mike Malinin – Got some news today. Just wanted to say...". facebook.com. Facebook. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Finding Neverland: The Album (Songs from the Broadway Musical) by Various Artists on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. iTunes. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Goo Goo Dolls – A Boy Named Goo (20th Anniversary Edition) – Amazon.com Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Goo Goo Dolls – Warner Bros. Records". Store.warnermusic.com. Warner Bros. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Etina (22 February 2016). "The Goo Goo Dolls Announce North American Summer Headline Tour!". googoodolls.com. Goo Goo Dolls. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ http://recordstoreday.com/SpecialRelease/9354
Jump up ^ Hassler, Abby (May 12, 2017). "Listen to Goo Goo Dolls’ New Song, ‘Use Me’. Announce New EP". radio.com. Warner Bros. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Excited about Goo Goo Dolls: Long Way Home Summer Tour with Phillip Phillips". Live Nation. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Twitter / GooGooFans: FYI: The @googoodolls currently". Twitter.com. 2014-02-16. Retrieved 2014-04-18.
Jump up ^ Dave Schulz was the member of the band that appeared on Taxicab Confessions[1] Archived September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ After signing with Metal Blade Records in 1987, the band's self-titled debut album Goo Goo Dolls was re-released under the revised title of First Release by their new record label. The albums Goo Goo Dolls and First Release are both identical, except for different cover artwork.


document_title: Atmosphere of Earth

question_text: what is the weight of the air on the earth's surface called

question_tokens: what is the weight of the air on the earth 's surface called

root

text: Atmosphere of Earth

text: Composition

text: The three major constituents of Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass. The concentration of water vapor (a greenhouse gas) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by volume in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5% by volume in hot, humid air masses, and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air (without water vapor).[5] The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases,[6] among which are the greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds. Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as aerosols in an unfiltered air sample, including dust of mineral and organic composition, pollen and spores, sea spray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols, such as chlorine (elemental or in compounds), fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO2) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution.

tag: p

text:
Major constituents of dry air, by volume[7]

Gas

Volume(A)

Name

Formula

in ppmv(B)

in %

Nitrogen

N2

780,840

78.084

Oxygen

O2

209,460

20.946

Argon

Ar

9,340

0.9340

Carbon dioxide

CO2

400

0.04[8]

Neon

Ne

18.18

0.001818

Helium

He

5.24

0.000524

Methane

CH4

1.79

0.000179

Not included in above dry atmosphere:

Water vapor(C)

H2O

10–50,000(D)

0.001%–5%(D)

notes:
(A) volume fraction is equal to mole fraction for ideal gas only,     also see volume (thermodynamics)
(B) ppmv: parts per million by volume
(C) Water vapor is about 0.25% by mass over full atmosphere
(D) Water vapor strongly varies locally[5]

tag: table

text: The relative concentration of gasses remains constant until about 10,000 m (33,000 ft).[9]

text: Structure of the atmosphere

text: Principal layers

text: In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. However, temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions (see the temperature section, below). Because the general pattern of the temperature/altitude profile is constant and measurable by means of instrumented balloon soundings, the temperature behavior provides a useful metric to distinguish atmospheric layers. In this way, Earth's atmosphere can be divided (called atmospheric stratification) into five main layers. Excluding the exosphere, the atmosphere has four primary layers, which are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.[10] From highest to lowest, the five main layers are:

text:
Exosphere: 700 to 10,000 km (440 to 6,200 miles)
Thermosphere: 80 to 700 km (50 to 440 miles)[11]
Mesosphere: 50 to 80 km (31 to 50 miles)
Stratosphere: 12 to 50 km (7 to 31 miles)
Troposphere: 0 to 12 km (0 to 7 miles)[12]

tag: ul

text: Exosphere

text: The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere (i.e. the upper limit of the atmosphere). It extends from the exobase, which is located at the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level, to about 10,000 km (6,200 mi; 33,000,000 ft) where it merges into the solar wind.

text: This layer is mainly composed of extremely low densities of hydrogen, helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide closer to the exobase. The atoms and molecules are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometers without colliding with one another. Thus, the exosphere no longer behaves like a gas, and the particles constantly escape into space. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may migrate in and out of the magnetosphere or the solar wind.

text: The exosphere is located too far above Earth for any meteorological phenomena to be possible. However, the aurora borealis and aurora australis sometimes occur in the lower part of the exosphere, where they overlap into the thermosphere. The exosphere contains most of the satellites orbiting Earth.

text: Thermosphere

text: The thermosphere is the second-highest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from the mesopause (which separates it from the mesosphere) at an altitude of about 80 km (50 mi; 260,000 ft) up to the thermopause at an altitude range of 500–1000 km (310–620 mi; 1,600,000–3,300,000 ft). The height of the thermopause varies considerably due to changes in solar activity.[11] Because the thermopause lies at the lower boundary of the exosphere, it is also referred to as the exobase. The lower part of the thermosphere, from 80 to 550 kilometres (50 to 342 mi) above Earth's surface, contains the ionosphere.

text: The temperature of the thermosphere gradually increases with height. Unlike the stratosphere beneath it, wherein a temperature inversion is due to the absorption of radiation by ozone, the inversion in the thermosphere occurs due to the extremely low density of its molecules. The temperature of this layer can rise as high as 1500 °C (2700 °F), though the gas molecules are so far apart that its temperature in the usual sense is not very meaningful. The air is so rarefied that an individual molecule (of oxygen, for example) travels an average of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi; 3300 ft) between collisions with other molecules.[13] Although the thermosphere has a high proportion of molecules with high energy, it would not feel hot to a human in direct contact, because its density is too low to conduct a significant amount of energy to or from the skin.

text: This layer is completely cloudless and free of water vapor. However, non-hydrometeorological phenomena such as the aurora borealis and aurora australis are occasionally seen in the thermosphere. The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 350 and 420 km (220 and 260 mi).

text: Mesosphere

text: The mesosphere is the third highest layer of Earth's atmosphere, occupying the region above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends from the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 km (31 mi; 160,000 ft) to the mesopause at 80–85 km (50–53 mi; 260,000–280,000 ft) above sea level.

text: Temperatures drop with increasing altitude to the mesopause that marks the top of this middle layer of the atmosphere. It is the coldest place on Earth and has an average temperature around −85 °C (−120 °F; 190 K).[14][15]

text: Just below the mesopause, the air is so cold that even the very scarce water vapor at this altitude can be sublimated into polar-mesospheric noctilucent clouds. These are the highest clouds in the atmosphere and may be visible to the naked eye if sunlight reflects off them about an hour or two after sunset or a similar length of time before sunrise. They are most readily visible when the Sun is around 4 to 16 degrees below the horizon. Lightning-induced discharges known as transient luminous events (TLEs) occasionally form in the mesosphere above tropospheric thunderclouds. The mesosphere is also the layer where most meteors burn up upon atmospheric entrance. It is too high above Earth to be accessible to jet-powered aircraft and balloons, and too low to permit orbital spacecraft. The mesosphere is mainly accessed by sounding rockets and rocket-powered aircraft.

text: Stratosphere

text: The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It lies above the troposphere and is separated from it by the tropopause. This layer extends from the top of the troposphere at roughly 12 km (7.5 mi; 39,000 ft) above Earth's surface to the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 164,000 to 180,000 ft).

text: The atmospheric pressure at the top of the stratosphere is roughly 1/1000 the pressure at sea level. It contains the ozone layer, which is the part of Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of that gas. The stratosphere defines a layer in which temperatures rise with increasing altitude. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. Although the temperature may be −60 °C (−76 °F; 210 K) at the tropopause, the top of the stratosphere is much warmer, and may be near 0 °C.[16]

text: The stratospheric temperature profile creates very stable atmospheric conditions, so the stratosphere lacks the weather-producing air turbulence that is so prevalent in the troposphere. Consequently, the stratosphere is almost completely free of clouds and other forms of weather. However, polar stratospheric or nacreous clouds are occasionally seen in the lower part of this layer of the atmosphere where the air is coldest. The stratosphere is the highest layer that can be accessed by jet-powered aircraft.

text: Troposphere

text: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about 12 km (7.5 mi; 39,000 ft), although this altitude varies from about 9 km (5.6 mi; 30,000 ft) at the geographic poles to 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) at the Equator,[12] with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is bounded above by the tropopause, a boundary marked in most places by a temperature inversion (i.e. a layer of relatively warm air above a colder one), and in others by a zone which is isothermal with height.[17][18]

text: Although variations do occur, the temperature usually declines with increasing altitude in the troposphere because the troposphere is mostly heated through energy transfer from the surface. Thus, the lowest part of the troposphere (i.e. Earth's surface) is typically the warmest section of the troposphere. This promotes vertical mixing (hence, the origin of its name in the Greek word τρόπος, tropos, meaning "turn"). The troposphere contains roughly 80% of the mass of Earth's atmosphere.[19] The troposphere is denser than all its overlying atmospheric layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere and causes it to be most severely compressed. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6 km (3.5 mi; 18,000 ft) of the troposphere.

text: Nearly all atmospheric water vapor or moisture is found in the troposphere, so it is the layer where most of Earth's weather takes place. It has basically all the weather-associated cloud genus types generated by active wind circulation, although very tall cumulonimbus thunder clouds can penetrate the tropopause from below and rise into the lower part of the stratosphere. Most conventional aviation activity takes place in the troposphere, and it is the only layer that can be accessed by propeller-driven aircraft.

text: Other layers

text: Within the five principal layers that are largely determined by temperature, several secondary layers may be distinguished by other properties:

text:
The ozone layer is contained within the stratosphere. In this layer ozone concentrations are about 2 to 8 parts per million, which is much higher than in the lower atmosphere but still very small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 15–35 km (9.3–21.7 mi; 49,000–115,000 ft), though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. About 90% of the ozone in Earth's atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere.
The ionosphere is a region of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It is responsible for auroras. During daytime hours, it stretches from 50 to 1,000 km (31 to 621 mi; 160,000 to 3,280,000 ft) and includes the mesosphere, thermosphere, and parts of the exosphere. However, ionization in the mesosphere largely ceases during the night, so auroras are normally seen only in the thermosphere and lower exosphere. The ionosphere forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because it influences, for example, radio propagation on Earth.
The homosphere and heterosphere are defined by whether the atmospheric gases are well mixed. The surface-based homosphere includes the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and the lowest part of the thermosphere, where the chemical composition of the atmosphere does not depend on molecular weight because the gases are mixed by turbulence.[21] This relatively homogeneous layer ends at the turbopause found at about 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), the very edge of space itself as accepted by the FAI, which places it about 20 km (12 mi; 66,000 ft) above the mesopause.

text: The planetary boundary layer is the part of the troposphere that is closest to Earth's surface and is directly affected by it, mainly through turbulent diffusion. During the day the planetary boundary layer usually is well-mixed, whereas at night it becomes stably stratified with weak or intermittent mixing. The depth of the planetary boundary layer ranges from as little as about 100 metres (330 ft) on clear, calm nights to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) or more during the afternoon in dry regions.

text: The average temperature of the atmosphere at Earth's surface is 14 °C (57 °F; 287 K)[22] or 15 °C (59 °F; 288 K),[23] depending on the reference.[24][25][26]

text: Physical properties

text: Pressure and thickness

text: The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined by the International Standard Atmosphere as 101325 pascals (760.00 Torr; 14.6959 psi; 760.00 mmHg). This is sometimes referred to as a unit of standard atmospheres (atm). Total atmospheric mass is 5.1480×1018 kg (1.135×1019 lb),[28] about 2.5% less than would be inferred from the average sea level pressure and Earth's area of 51007.2 megahectares, this portion being displaced by Earth's mountainous terrain. Atmospheric pressure is the total weight of the air above unit area at the point where the pressure is measured. Thus air pressure varies with location and weather.

text: If the entire mass of the atmosphere had a uniform density from sea level, it would terminate abruptly at an altitude of 8.50 km (27,900 ft). It actually decreases exponentially with altitude, dropping by half every 5.6 km (18,000 ft) or by a factor of 1/e every 7.64 km (25,100 ft), the average scale height of the atmosphere below 70 km (43 mi; 230,000 ft). However, the atmosphere is more accurately modeled with a customized equation for each layer that takes gradients of temperature, molecular composition, solar radiation and gravity into account.

text: In summary, the mass of Earth's atmosphere is distributed approximately as follows:[29]

text:
50% is below 5.6 km (18,000 ft).
90% is below 16 km (52,000 ft).
99.99997% is below 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), the Kármán line. By international convention, this marks the beginning of space where human travelers are considered astronauts.

text:
By comparison, the summit of Mt. Everest is at 8,848 m (29,029 ft);
commercial airliners typically cruise between 10 and 13 km (33,000 and 43,000 ft) where the thinner air improves fuel economy; weather balloons reach 30.4 km (100,000 ft) and above; and the highest X-15 flight in 1963 reached 108.0 km (354,300 ft).

text: Even above the Kármán line, significant atmospheric effects such as auroras still occur. Meteors begin to glow in this region, though the larger ones may not burn up until they penetrate more deeply. The various layers of Earth's ionosphere, important to HF radio propagation, begin below 100 km and extend beyond 500 km. By comparison, the International Space Station and Space Shuttle typically orbit at 350–400 km, within the F-layer of the ionosphere where they encounter enough atmospheric drag to require reboosts every few months. Depending on solar activity, satellites can experience noticeable atmospheric drag at altitudes as high as 700–800 km.

text: Temperature and speed of sound

text: The division of the atmosphere into layers mostly by reference to temperature is discussed above. Temperature decreases with altitude starting at sea level, but variations in this trend begin above 11 km, where the temperature stabilizes through a large vertical distance through the rest of the troposphere. In the stratosphere, starting above about 20 km, the temperature increases with height, due to heating within the ozone layer caused by capture of significant ultraviolet radiation from the Sun by the dioxygen and ozone gas in this region. Still another region of increasing temperature with altitude occurs at very high altitudes, in the aptly-named thermosphere above 90 km.

text: Because in an ideal gas of constant composition the speed of sound depends only on temperature and not on the gas pressure or density, the speed of sound in the atmosphere with altitude takes on the form of the complicated temperature profile (see illustration to the right), and does not mirror altitudinal changes in density or pressure.

text: Density and mass

text: The density of air at sea level is about 1.2 kg/m3 (1.2 g/L, 0.0012 g/cm3). Density is not measured directly but is calculated from measurements of temperature, pressure and humidity using the equation of state for air (a form of the ideal gas law). Atmospheric density decreases as the altitude increases. This variation can be approximately modeled using the barometric formula. More sophisticated models are used to predict orbital decay of satellites.

text: The average mass of the atmosphere is about 5 quadrillion (5×1015) tonnes or 1/1,200,000 the mass of Earth. According to the American National Center for Atmospheric Research, "The total mean mass of the atmosphere is 5.1480×1018 kg with an annual range due to water vapor of 1.2 or 1.5×1015 kg, depending on whether surface pressure or water vapor data are used; somewhat smaller than the previous estimate. The mean mass of water vapor is estimated as 1.27×1016 kg and the dry air mass as 5.1352 ±0.0003×1018 kg."

text: Optical properties

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Solar radiation (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the Sun. Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that we cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. In May 2017, glints of light, seen as twinkling from an orbiting satellite a million miles away, were found to be reflected light from ice crystals in the atmosphere.[31][32]

text: Scattering

text: When light passes through Earth's atmosphere, photons interact with it through scattering. If the light does not interact with the atmosphere, it is called direct radiation and is what you see if you were to look directly at the Sun. Indirect radiation is light that has been scattered in the atmosphere. For example, on an overcast day when you cannot see your shadow there is no direct radiation reaching you, it has all been scattered. As another example, due to a phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering, shorter (blue) wavelengths scatter more easily than longer (red) wavelengths. This is why the sky looks blue; you are seeing scattered blue light. This is also why sunsets are red. Because the Sun is close to the horizon, the Sun's rays pass through more atmosphere than normal to reach your eye. Much of the blue light has been scattered out, leaving the red light in a sunset.

text: Absorption

text: Different molecules absorb different wavelengths of radiation. For example, O2 and O3 absorb almost all wavelengths shorter than 300 nanometers. Water (H2O) absorbs many wavelengths above 700 nm. When a molecule absorbs a photon, it increases the energy of the molecule. This heats the atmosphere, but the atmosphere also cools by emitting radiation, as discussed below.

text: The combined absorption spectra of the gases in the atmosphere leave "windows" of low opacity, allowing the transmission of only certain bands of light. The optical window runs from around 300 nm (ultraviolet-C) up into the range humans can see, the visible spectrum (commonly called light), at roughly 400–700 nm and continues to the infrared to around 1100 nm. There are also infrared and radio windows that transmit some infrared and radio waves at longer wavelengths. For example, the radio window runs from about one centimeter to about eleven-meter waves.

text: Emission

text: Emission is the opposite of absorption, it is when an object emits radiation. Objects tend to emit amounts and wavelengths of radiation depending on their "black body" emission curves, therefore hotter objects tend to emit more radiation, with shorter wavelengths. Colder objects emit less radiation, with longer wavelengths. For example, the Sun is approximately 6,000 K (5,730 °C; 10,340 °F), its radiation peaks near 500 nm, and is visible to the human eye. Earth is approximately 290 K (17 °C; 62 °F), so its radiation peaks near 10,000 nm, and is much too long to be visible to humans.

text: Because of its temperature, the atmosphere emits infrared radiation. For example, on clear nights Earth's surface cools down faster than on cloudy nights. This is because clouds (H2O) are strong absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation. This is also why it becomes colder at night at higher elevations.

text: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect. Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation, but do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum. Common examples of these are CO2 and H2O.

text: Refractive index

text: The refractive index of air is close to, but just greater than 1. Systematic variations in refractive index can lead to the bending of light rays over long optical paths. One example is that, under some circumstances, observers onboard ships can see other vessels just over the horizon because light is refracted in the same direction as the curvature of Earth's surface.

text: The refractive index of air depends on temperature,[33] giving rise to refraction effects when the temperature gradient is large. An example of such effects is the mirage.

text: Circulation

text: Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air through the troposphere, and the means (with ocean circulation) by which heat is distributed around Earth. The large-scale structure of the atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the basic structure remains fairly constant because it is determined by Earth's rotation rate and the difference in solar radiation between the equator and poles.

text: Evolution of Earth's atmosphere

text: Earliest atmosphere

text: The first atmosphere consisted of gases in the solar nebula, primarily hydrogen. There were probably simple hydrides such as those now found in the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), notably water vapor, methane and ammonia.[34]

text: Second atmosphere

text: Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases.[34] A major part of carbon-dioxide emissions dissolved in water and reacted with metals such as calcium and magnesium during weathering of crustal rocks to form carbonates that were deposited as sediments. Water-related sediments have been found that date from as early as 3.8 billion years ago.[35]

text: About 3.4 billion years ago, nitrogen formed the major part of the then stable "second atmosphere". The influence of life has to be taken into account rather soon in the history of the atmosphere, because hints of early life-forms appear as early as 3.5 billion years ago.[36] How Earth at that time maintained a climate warm enough for liquid water and life, if the early Sun put out 30% lower solar radiance than today, is a puzzle known as the "faint young Sun paradox".

text: The geological record however shows a continuous relatively warm surface during the complete early temperature record of Earth – with the exception of one cold glacial phase about 2.4 billion years ago. In the late Archean Eon an oxygen-containing atmosphere began to develop, apparently produced by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria (see Great Oxygenation Event), which have been found as stromatolite fossils from 2.7 billion years ago. The early basic carbon isotopy (isotope ratio proportions) strongly suggests conditions similar to the current, and that the fundamental features of the carbon cycle became established as early as 4 billion years ago.

text: Ancient sediments in the Gabon dating from between about 2,150 and 2,080 million years ago provide a record of Earth's dynamic oxygenation evolution. These fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion.[37]

text: Third atmosphere

text: The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere by transferring carbon dioxide to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event and its appearance is indicated by the end of the banded iron formations.

text: Before this time, any oxygen produced by photosynthesis was consumed by oxidation of reduced materials, notably iron. Molecules of free oxygen did not start to accumulate in the atmosphere until the rate of production of oxygen began to exceed the availability of reducing materials that removed oxygen. This point signifies a shift from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidizing atmosphere. O2 showed major variations until reaching a steady state of more than 15% by the end of the Precambrian.[40] The following time span from 541 million years ago to the present day is the Phanerozoic Eon, during the earliest period of which, the Cambrian, oxygen-requiring metazoan life forms began to appear.

text: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has fluctuated over the last 600 million years, reaching a peak of about 30% around 280 million years ago, significantly higher than today's 21%. Two main processes govern changes in the atmosphere: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, releasing oxygen. Breakdown of pyrite and volcanic eruptions release sulfur into the atmosphere, which oxidizes and hence reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. However, volcanic eruptions also release carbon dioxide, which plants can convert to oxygen. The exact cause of the variation of the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is not known. Periods with much oxygen in the atmosphere are associated with rapid development of animals. Today's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen, which is great enough for this rapid development of animals.[41]

text: Air pollution

text: Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to organisms.[42] Stratospheric ozone depletion is caused by air pollution, chiefly from chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances.

text: The scientific consensus is that the anthropogenic greenhouse gases currently accumulating in the atmosphere are the main cause of global warming.[43]

text: Images from space

text: On October 19, 2015 NASA started a website containing daily images of the full sunlit side of Earth on http://epic.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The images are taken from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) and show Earth as it rotates during a day.[44]


document_title: Coat of arms of Puerto Rico

question_text: what animal lives in the center of the puerto rican coat of arms

text: Coat of arms of Puerto Rico

text: History[edit]

text: The major symbolism of the coat of arms relates to the dominance of Spain, the strong Roman Catholic influence in the region, and the integrity of Puerto Rico as a colony of Spain. There have been different variations of the coat of arms changing throughout Puerto Rico's history. The current version was officially re-adopted by the Commonwealth government of Puerto Rico on 3 June 1976.

text: On the shield:

text:
The green background represents the island's vegetation. The Lamb of God and cross flag on the shield are symbols traditionally associated with St. John the Baptist, patron of the island. The book with the seven seals on which the lamb sits represents symbolism from the Book of Revelation, generally attributed to St. John the Apostle.
The border is made up of 16 different elements: castles and lions to represent the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of León, a flag with the arms of the Crown of Castile and León, and The Cross of Jerusalem to stand for the Kingdom of Jerusalem, whose succession rights passed to the Kingdom of Sicily, and henceforth to the Spanish Crown.
The gold-crowned F and the arrows (Spanish: flechas) represent Ferdinand II of Aragon, while the Y and the yoke (Spanish: yugo) represent Ysabel, i.e., Isabella I of Castile who were the Catholic monarchs when Puerto Rico was discovered.[2]
The Latin motto, "JOANNES EST NOMEN EJUS" (a quotation from the Vulgate of Luke 1:63), means "John is his name", referring to St. John the Baptist or San Juan Bautista, the original name of the island.[3]

text:
Great Seal of Puerto Rico

Details

Armiger
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Motto
Joannes Est Nomen Ejus, Latin "John is his name".

text: Great Seal[edit]

text: All of the states and territories of the United States employ a seal to authenticate and ratify documents and accordingly a seal of Puerto Rico exists, but the traditional coat of arms is used as the main emblem of the commonwealth. The seal has most of the elements of the coat of arms, but the religious elements have been stripped away in accordance with the Separation of church and state in the United States. In the seal, the lamb, which no longer has a halo, carries a white banner instead of one with a red cross. The lamb's staff does not have the cross mounted on top. The book the lamb sits on does not have the seals of the Book of Revelation. The first Governors used the seal as their emblem but in recent years the usage of the seal has been limited to being the official emblem used to represent Puerto Rico on its legal documents when they are sealed.

text: Seal of the Governor[edit]

text: The Seal of the Governor is the official symbol of the executive head of Puerto Rico. It follows the design used by the Seal of the President of the United States. There are several variants of the Governor's Seal in use.

text:
Seal of the Governor of Puerto Rico

A variant of the Governor's seal

Seal of the Governor Elect

text: Seals of the government of Puerto Rico[edit]

text: There are several seals of the different sections of the Puerto Rican government.

text:
Seal of the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico

Seal of the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico

Seal of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico

Seal of the Senate of Puerto Rico

A variant of the seal of the Senate


document_title: Olympic-size swimming pool

question_text: how many feet is an olympic size pool

question_tokens: how many feet is an olympic size pool

text: Olympic-size swimming pool

text: An Olympic-size swimming pool is the type of swimming pool used in the Olympic Games, where the race course is 50 metres (164.0 ft) in length. This is typically referred to as "long course", distinguishing it from "short course" which applies to competitions in pools that are 25 metres (82.0 ft) in length. If touch panels are used in competition, then the distance between touch panels should be either 25 or 50 metres to qualify for FINA recognition. This means that Olympic pools are generally oversized, to accommodate touch panels used in competition.

text: An Olympic-size swimming pool is used as a colloquial unit of volume, to make approximate comparisons to similarly sized objects or volumes. It is not a specific definition, as there is no official limit on the depth of an Olympic pool. The value has an order of magnitude of 1 megaliter (ML).[1]

text: Specifications[edit]

text: FINA specifications for an Olympic-size pool are as follows:

text:
Physical property
Specified value

Length
7001500000000000000♠50.000+0.030
−0.000 m[2]

Width
7001250000000000000♠25.0 m[2]

Depth
2.0 m (6 ft 7 in) minimum, 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in) recommended.[2]

Number of lanes
10

Lane width
2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)

Water temperature
25–28 °C (77–82 °F)

Light intensity
minimum 1500 lux (140 footcandles)

Volume
2,500,000 L (550,000 imp gal; 660,000 US gal), assuming a nominal depth of 7000200000000000000♠2 m.
2,500 m3 (88,000 cu ft) in cubic units.
About 2 acre-feet.

text: There must be two spaces 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide outside lanes 1 and 8 (in effect, two empty lanes).[2] The length of 50 metres (164 ft) must be between the touch pads at the end of each lane, if they are used.[2] If starting blocks are used, then there must be a minimum depth of 1.35 metres (4.4 ft) from between 1.0 metre (3 ft) from the end of the pool to at least 6.0 metres (20 ft) from the end of the pool. At all other points, the minimum depth is 1.0 metre (3 ft).[2] If the pool is used for Olympic Games or World Championships, then the minimum depth is increased to 2.0 metres (7 ft).[2]

text: At FINA's 2009 Congress, rules were approved for 10-lane courses for competition, as an alternative to the more traditional 8-lane course.


document_title: Uncle Sam

question_text: who drew uncle sam as we know him

question_tokens: who drew uncle sam as we know him

text: Uncle Sam

text: Earlier personifications[edit]

text: The earliest known personification of the United States was as a woman named Columbia, who first appeared in 1738 (pre-USA) and sometimes was associated with another female personification, Lady Liberty. With the American Revolutionary War came Brother Jonathan, a male personification, and Uncle Sam finally appeared after the War of 1812.[8] Columbia appeared with either Brother Jonathan or Uncle Sam, but her use declined as a national personification in favor of Liberty, and she was effectively abandoned once she became the mascot of Columbia Pictures in the 1920s.

text: According to an article in the 1893 The Lutheran Witness, Uncle Sam was simply another name for Brother Jonathan:

text: When we meet him in politics we call him Uncle Sam; when we meet him in society we call him Brother Jonathan. Here of late Uncle Sam alias Brother Jonathan has been doing a powerful lot of complaining, hardly doing anything else. [sic][9]

text: A March 24, 1810 journal entry by Isaac Mayo states:

text: weighed anchor stood down the harbour, passed Sandy Hook, where there are two light-houses, and put to sea, first and second day out most deadly seasick, oh could I have got on shore in the hight [sic] of it, I swear that uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor.[10]

text: Evolution[edit]

text: The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name "Uncle Sam" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled "E.A – US." When someone asked what that stood for, a co-worker jokingly said, "Elbert Anderson [the contractor] and Uncle Sam," referring to Wilson, though the "US" actually stood for United States.[11] Doubts have been raised as to the authenticity of this story, as the claim did not appear in print until 1842.[12] Additionally, the earliest known mention definitely referring to the metaphorical Uncle Sam is from 1810, predating Wilson's contract with the government.[10] As early as 1835, Brother Jonathan made a reference to Uncle Sam, implying that they symbolized different things: Brother Jonathan was the country itself, while Uncle Sam was the government and its power.[13]

text: By the 1850s, the names Brother Jonathan and Uncle Sam were being used nearly interchangeably, to the point that images of what had previously been called "Brother Jonathan" were being called "Uncle Sam". Similarly, the appearance of both personifications varied wildly. For example, one depiction of Uncle Sam in 1860 showed him looking like Benjamin Franklin,[14] while a contemporaneous depiction of Brother Jonathan[15] looks more like the modern version of Uncle Sam, though without a goatee.

text: Uncle Sam did not get a standard appearance, even with the effective abandonment of Brother Jonathan near the end of the American Civil War, until the well-known "recruitment" image of Uncle Sam was first created by James Montgomery Flagg during World War I. The image was inspired by a British recruitment poster showing Lord Kitchener in a similar pose. It is this image more than any other that has influenced the modern appearance of Uncle Sam: an elderly white man with white hair and a goatee, wearing a white top hat with white stars on a blue band, a blue tail coat, and red-and-white-striped trousers.

text: Flagg's depiction of Uncle Sam was shown publicly for the first time, according to some, on the cover of the magazine Leslie's Weekly on July 6, 1916, with the caption "What Are You Doing for Preparedness?"[1][16] More than four million copies of this image were printed between 1917 and 1918. Flagg's image was also used extensively during World War II, during which the U.S. was codenamed "Samland" by the German intelligence agency Abwehr.[17] The term was central in the song "The Yankee Doodle Boy", which was featured in 1942 in the musical Yankee Doodle Dandy.

text: There are two memorials to Uncle Sam, both of which commemorate the life of Samuel Wilson: the Uncle Sam Memorial Statue in Arlington, Massachusetts, his birthplace; and a memorial near his long-term residence in Riverfront Park, Troy, New York. Wilson's boyhood home can still be visited in Mason, New Hampshire. Samuel Wilson died on July 31, 1854, aged 87, and is buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Troy, New York.

text: In 1989, "Uncle Sam Day" became official. A Congressional joint resolution[18] designated September 13, 1989 as "Uncle Sam Day", the birthday of Samuel Wilson. In 2015, the family history company MyHeritage researched Uncle Sam's family tree and claims to have tracked down his living relatives.[19][20]


document_title: List of UK top 10 singles in 2017

question_text: who released the uk's biggest selling single in 2017

question_tokens: who released the uk 's biggest selling single in 2017

text: List of UK top 10 singles in 2017

text: Background[edit]

text: Multiple entries[edit]

text: Ninety-eight singles charted in the top 10 in 2017, with eighty-two singles reaching their peak this year (including the re-entry "All I Want for Christmas" which charted in previous years but reached a peak on its latest chart run).

text: Twenty-four artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 2017. Ed Sheeran had the most top ten singles in 2017 with eleven. His comeback single "Shape of You" was made available for download on 6 January and has spent fourteen non-consecutive weeks at number-one while "Castle on the Hill", which came out on the same day, peaked at number two. Promotional single "How Would You Feel (Paean)" also reached a high of second in the chart on 2 March.

text: After Sheeran's third studio album, "÷" was released, all sixteen tracks were in the top 20 on the week ending 16 March, and he held nine of the top 10, with "Something Just Like This" by The Chainsmokers and Coldplay the only single to break this monopoly.[5] In addition to the singles already in the chart, "Galway Girl (2), "Perfect" (4), "New Man" (5) "Happier" (6), "Dive" (8), and "Supermarket Flowers" (9, rising to 8) and "What Do I Know?" all reaching the top ten. In response, the Official Charts Company announced plans in June to limit the number of songs by the same artist in the chart at the same time, to reflect popularity of singles rather than album tracks.[6] "Perfect" returned to the chart later in the year after its official single release and became the Christmas number-one, with Sheeran'/ collaboration with Eminem, "River", behind it in the chart. "River" would eventually reach the top spot itself in early 2018.

text: Dua Lipa had four top 10 entries in 2017 with "Be the One", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "New Rules" and "No Lie". Justin Bieber, Little Mix, Rita Ora and Stormzy also had four top 10 entries so far this year.

text: Drake is one of eight artists who had three hit singles in 2017. "Passionfruit" entered the chart at number 4 on 30 March and rose to number three the following week. Two of his other album tracks from More Life peaked in the top 10 - KMT featuring the rapper Giggs reached number 9 and "Blem" landed one place lower.

text: Anne-Marie, Clean Bandit, James Arthur, Louis Tomlinson, Quavo, Sean Paul and Taylor Swift all had three top 10 entries in 2017.

text: DJ Khaled is one of a number of artists with two top-ten entries, including number-one singles "I'm the One" and "Wild Thoughts". Charlie Puth, Eminem, Katy Perry, Selena Gomez and Zara Larsson were among the other artists with multiple top 10 entries in 2017.

text: All-female top 3[edit]

text: "New Rules" by Dua Lipa became the first solo female UK number one since Adele reached number 1 in 2015 with "Hello". The top 3 singles on the chart on 7th September 2017 (week ending), was the first female top 3 since October 2014. The singles included "Look What You Made Me Do" by Taylor Swift at 1, "New Rules" by Dua Lipa at 2 and "What About Us" by Pink at 3.

text: Changes to chart rules[edit]

text: The Official Charts Company announced plans in June to limit the number of songs by the same artist in the chart at the same time, to reflect popularity of singles rather than album tracks.[6]  Chart rules were altered from 7 July to help new artists break through by limiting the number of tracks by the same artist allowed in the chart at the same time to 3. The streaming to sales ratio remained largely unchanged but for songs which have spent a high number of weeks in the chart the ratio was altered to 300:1.[6] This was largely in response to Ed Sheeran's album tracks dominating the chart, with all sixteen tracks from his third studio album ÷, reaching the top twenty in the same week.

text: Chart debuts[edit]

text: Forty-nine artists achieved their first top 10 single in 2017, either as a lead or featured artist. Of these, six went on to record another hit single that year: Alessia Cara, DJ Khaled, Julia Michaels, Khalid, Marshmello and RAYE. Dua Lipa had three other entries in her breakthrough year.

text: The following table (collapsed on desktop site) does not include acts who had previously charted as part of a group and secured their first top 10 solo single.

text:
Artist

Number of top 10s

First entry

Chart position

showOther entries

Starley

1

"Call on Me"

6

—

RAYE

2

"You Don't Know Me"

3

"Bridge over Troubled Water" (1)

Dua Lipa

4

"No Lie"

10

"Be the One" (9), "Bridge over Troubled Water" (1), "New Rules" (1)

Skip Marley

1

"Chained to the Rhythm"

5

—

Frank Ocean

1

"Slide"

10

—

Migos

Martin Jensen

1

"Solo Dance"

7

—

Giggs

1

"KMT"

9

—

Alessia Cara

2

"Stay"

8

"1-800-273-8255" (9)

Julia Michaels

2

"Issues"

10

"I Miss You" (4) [OO]

DJ Khaled

2

"I'm the One"

1

"Wild Thoughts" (1)

Luis Fonsi

1

"Despacito"

1

—

J Hus

1

"Did You See"

9

—

Captain SKA

1

"Liar Liar GE2017"

4

—

William Singe

1

"Mama"

4

—

Artists for Grenfell

1

"Bridge over Troubled Water"

1

—

5 After Midnight

Deno

Donae'o

Gregory Porter

Jorja Smith

Mr Eazi

Omar

Ray BLK

Tokio Myers

Tom Grennan

Bryson Tiller

1

"Wild Thoughts"

1

—

Maggie Lindemann

1

"Pretty Girl"

8

—

Digital Farm Animals

1

"Back to You"

8

—

BloodPop

1

"Friends"

2

—

CNCO

1

"Reggaetón Lento"

5

—

J Balvin

1

"Mi Gente"

5

—

Willy William

James Hype

1

"More than Friends"

8

—

Kelli-Leigh

Young Thug

1

"Havana"

1

—

Post Malone

1

"Rockstar"

1

—

21 Savage

Logic

1

"1-800-273-8255"

9

—

Khalid

2

"Silence" (3)

Yungen

1

"Bestie"

10

—

Yxng Bane

Stefflon Don

1

"Hurtin' Me"

7

—

Marshmello

2

"Silence"

3

"Wolves" (9)

Mabel

1

"Finders Keepers"

8

—

Kojo Funds

Big Shaq

1

"Man's Not Hot" [NN]

3

—

Rak-Su

1

"Dimelo"

2

—

NF

1

"Let You Down" [PP]

10

—

text: Harry Styles made his solo debut in 2017, with his first single outside One Direction, "Sign of the Times", topping the chart in April. Likewise with Liam Payne, he made his solo debut in 2017, with his first single outside One Direction, "Strip That Down" entered the top 10 at number 3. Quavo is a member of the hip-hop group Migos, who debuted on the Calvis Harris single in  "Slide" in March 2017, two months before he featured on DJ Khaled's number-one hit "I'm the One". He would also appear with Liam Payne on his solo top three single "Strip That Down".

text: Camila Cabello also made her first UK top 10 debut with Havana. This also became her first top 10 since her departure from US girl group Fifth Harmony. Swae Lee had his first chart single under his own name, featuring on French Montana's "Unforgettable". He previously charted as part of the duo Rae Sremmurd with "Black Beatles" in 2016.

text: Artists for Grenfell recorded a cover of "Bridge over Troubled Water" in aid of the Grenfell Tower fire and featured many artists who had achieved top 10 singles previously in their own right or with a band. Carl Barat of The Libertines, Jon McClure from Reverend and the Makers, Matt Goss from Bros., Kelly Jones of Stereophonics, The Who's Pete Townshend and former Westlife member Shane Filan all had their first credited top 10 hit independent of their bands with this song.

text: Songs from films[edit]

text: Original song "I Don't Wanna Live Forever" (from Fifty Shades Darker) was the only film soundtrack song that entered the top 10 this year.

text: Charity singles[edit]

text: The charity single "Bridge over Troubled Water" was dedicated to the victims and survivors of the Grenfell Tower fire. The single peaked at number 1 on 29 June 2017, just two days after release, becoming the second fastest selling single of 2017 behind "Shape of You".

text: Best-selling singles[edit]

text: Ed Sheeran had the best-selling and streamed single of the year with "Shape of You". The song spent twenty-two weeks in the top 10 (including fourteen weeks at number one), sold over 787,000 copies as well as scoring 248 million streams (3.2 million combined sales) and was certified 5x platinum by the BPI. "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee & Justin Bieber came in second place with more than 2.3 million combined sales. Ed Sheeran's "Castle on the Hill", "Unforgettable" from French Montana featuring Swae Lee and "Galway Girl" by Ed Sheeran made up the top five. Singles by Ed Sheeran ("Perfect"), Clean Bandit featuring Zara Larsson, Rag'n'Bone Man, The Chainsmokers & Coldplay and Jax Jones featuring RAYE were also in the top ten best-selling singles of the year.

text: Top-ten singles[edit]

text:
Symbol

Meaning

‡

Single peaked in 2016 but still in chart in 2017.

♦

Single released in 2017 but peaked in 2018.

(#)

Year-end top-ten single position and rank

Entered

The date that the single first appeared in the chart.

Peak

Highest position that the single reached in the UK Singles Chart.

text:
Entered (week ending)

Weeksintop10

Single

Artist

Peak

Peakreached (week ending)

Weeksatpeak

Singles in 2016

29 September 2016

16

"Say You Won't Let Go" ‡

James Arthur

1

6 October 2016

3

6 October 2016

15

"Starboy" ‡

The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk

2

13 October 2016

1

20 October 2016

9

"24K Magic" ‡ [A]

Bruno Mars

5

17 November 2016

1

27 October 2016

11

"Shout Out to My Ex" ‡ [B]

Little Mix

1

27 October 2016

3

3 November 2016

9

"Sexual" ‡ [D]

Neiked featuring Dyo

5

15 December 2016

1

15

"Rockabye" ‡

Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie

1

17 November 2016

9

15 December 2016

8

"All I Want for Christmas Is You" [KK]

Mariah Carey

2

21 December 2017

1

13

"Human" ‡ (#8)

Rag'n'Bone Man

2

29 December 2016

3

22 December 2016

4

"Just Hold On" ‡ [E]

Steve Aoki & Louis Tomlinson

2

22 December 2016

1

29 December 2016

10

"Touch" ‡

Little Mix

4

29 December 2016

6

6

"I Would Like"

Zara Larsson

2

5 January 2017

1

Singles in 2017

5 January 2017

5

"Last Christmas" ♦ [C]

Wham!

2

4 January 2018

1

19 January 2017

22

"Shape of You" (#1)

Ed Sheeran

1

19 January 2017

14

14

"Castle on the Hill" (#3)

2

19 January 2017

5

4

"September Song"

JP Cooper

7

19 January 2017

1

6

"Call on Me"

Starley

6

2 February 2017

2

8

"You Don't Know Me" (#10)

Jax Jones featuring RAYE

3

2 February 2017

3

26 January 2017

7

"Paris"

The Chainsmokers

5

9 February 2017

1

9 February 2017

1

"No Lie"

Sean Paul featuring Dua Lipa

10

9 February 2017

1

16 February 2017

2

"Big for Your Boots" [F]

Stormzy

6

9 March 2017

1

3

"I Don't Wanna Live Forever"

Zayn & Taylor Swift

5

23 February 2017

1

2

"Be the One"

Dua Lipa

9

23 February 2017

1

23 February 2017

3

"Chained to the Rhythm"

Katy Perry featuring Skip Marley

5

2 March 2017

2

2 March 2017

1

"How Would You Feel (Paean)"

Ed Sheeran

2

2 March 2017

1

5

"It Ain't Me" [G]

Kygo & Selena Gomez

7

9 March 2017

3

9 March 2017

9

"Something Just like This" (#9)

The Chainsmokers & Coldplay

2

9 March 2017

1

1

"Slide"

Calvin Harris featuring Frank Ocean & Migos

10

9 March 2017

1

16 March 2017

11

"Galway Girl" (#5)

Ed Sheeran

2

16 March 2017

5

17

"Perfect" (#6) [FF][LL]

1

14 December 2017

6

2

"New Man"

5

16 March 2017

1

2

"Happier"

6

16 March 2017

1

2

"Dive"

8

16 March 2017

1

2

"Supermarket Flowers"

8

23 March 2017

1

2

"What Do I Know?"

9

23 March 2017

1

30 March 2017

7

"Passionfruit"

Drake

3

6 April 2017

1

12

"Symphony" (#7)

Clean Bandit featuring Zara Larsson

1

4 May 2017

1

8

"Solo Dance"

Martin Jensen

7

20 April 2017

1

1

"KMT"

Drake featuring Giggs

9

30 March 2017

1

2

"Ciao Adios"

Anne-Marie

9

6 April 2017

1

6 April 2017

1

"Blem"

Drake

10

6 April 2017

1

13 April 2017

3

"Stay"

Zedd & Alessia Cara

8

20 April 2017

1

2

"Issues" [H]

Julia Michaels

10

13 April 2017

2

20 April 2017

7

"Sign of the Times"

Harry Styles

1

20 April 2017

1

27 April 2017

2

"Humble"

Kendrick Lamar

6

27 April 2017

1

4 May 2017

5

"Swalla"

Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj & Ty Dolla Sign

6

4 May 2017

2

8

"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back"

Shawn Mendes

4

25 May 2017

2

11 May 2017

9

"I'm the One"

DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper & Lil Wayne

1

11 May 2017

1

18

"Despacito" (#2)

Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber

1

18 May 2017

11

18 May 2017

15

"Unforgettable" (#4)

French Montana featuring Swae Lee

2

17 August 2017

1

25 May 2017

1

"Did You See"

J Hus

9

25 May 2017

1

1 June 2017

9

"Strip That Down"

Liam Payne featuring Quavo

3

1 June 2017

2

3

"Attention" [I]

Charlie Puth

9

1 June 2017

1

8 June 2017

1

"Liar Liar GE2017"

Captain SKA

4

8 June 2017

1

11

"Mama"

Jonas Blue featuring William Singe

4

13 July 2017

1

15 June 2017

3

"One Last Time"

Ariana Grande

2

15 June 2017

2

2

"Slow Hands"

Niall Horan

7

15 June 2017

1

22 June 2017

5

"2U" [U]

David Guetta featuring Justin Bieber

5

22 June 2017

1

29 June 2017

2

"Bridge over Troubled Water" [Q]

Artists for Grenfell

1

29 June 2017

1

9

"Wild Thoughts"

DJ Khaled featuring Rihanna & Bryson Tiller

1

27 July 2017

1

8

"Power"

Little Mix featuring Stormzy

6

3 August 2017

2

6 July 2017

7

"Your Song" [Y]

Rita Ora

7

13 July 2017

3

13 July 2017

9

"Feels"

Calvin Harris featuring Pharrell Williams, Katy Perry & Big Sean

1

17 August 2017

1

4

"Pretty Girl"

Maggie Lindemann

8

3 August 2017

1

20 July 2017

5

"Came Here for Love" [W]

Sigala & Ella Eyre

6

20 July 2017

1

3 August 2017

7

"Sun Comes Up"

Rudimental featuring James Arthur

6

17 August 2017

3

10 August 2017

11

"New Rules"

Dua Lipa

1

24 August 2017

2

17 August 2017

1

"Súbeme la Radio"

Enrique Iglesias featuring Sean Paul & Matt Terry

10

17 August 2017

1

24 August 2017

8

"What About Us"

Pink

3

7 September 2017

3

2

"Back to You"

Louis Tomlinson featuring Bebe Rexha & Digital Farm Animals

8

24 August 2017

1

31 August 2017

5

"Friends"

Justin Bieber & BloodPop

2

31 August 2017

1

11

"Reggaetón Lento" [GG]

CNCO & Little Mix

5

31 August 2017

3

7

"Mi Gente" [CC]

J Balvin & Willy William

5

14 September 2017

1

5

"More than Friends" [AA]

James Hype featuring Kelli-Leigh

8

7 September 2017

3

7 September 2017

5

"Look What You Made Me Do"

Taylor Swift

1

7 September 2017

2

14 September 2017

2

"...Ready for It?"

7

14 September 2017

1

1

"Sorry Not Sorry"

Demi Lovato

9

14 September 2017

1

21 September 2017

12

"Too Good at Goodbyes"

Sam Smith

1

21 September 2017

3

11

"Dusk Till Dawn"

Zayn featuring Sia

5

21 September 2017

2

15

"Havana"

Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug

1

9 November 2017

5

28 September 2017

10

"Rockstar"

Post Malone featuring 21 Savage

1

12 October 2017

4

8

"Lonely Together"

Avicii featuring Rita Ora

4

26 October 2017

3

12 October 2017

2

"1-800-273-8255"

Logic featuring Alessia Cara & Khalid

9

12 October 2017

1

1

"Bestie"

Yungen featuring Yxng Bane

10

12 October 2017

1

19 October 2017

2

"Hurtin' Me"

Stefflon Don featuring French Montana

7

26 October 2017

1

26 October 2017

9

"Silence"

Marshmello featuring Khalid

3

2 November 2017

3

5

"Finders Keepers"

Mabel featuring Kojo Funds

8

2 November 2017

2

9 November 2017

1

"How Long"

Charlie Puth

9

9 November 2017

1

16 November 2017

11

"Anywhere"

Rita Ora

2

23 November 2017

3

23 November 2017

1

"Walk on Water"

Eminem featuring Beyoncé

7

23 November 2017

1

9

"Man's Not Hot"♦

Big Shaq

3

11 January 2018

1

30 November 2017

2

"Blinded by Your Grace, Pt. 2"

Stormzy featuring MNEK

7

30 November 2017

1

3

"Wolves"

Selena Gomez & Marshmello

9

30 November 2017

3

7 December 2017

7

"I Miss You"♦

Clean Bandit featuring Julia Michaels

4

25 January 2018

1

3

"17"♦

MK

7

11 January 2018

1

14 December 2017

3

"Dimelo"

Rak-Su featuring Wyclef Jean & Naughty Boy

2

14 December 2017

1

4

"Fairytale of New York"♦ [JJ]

The Pogues featuring Kirsty MacColl

5

4 January 2018

1

28 December 2017

9

"River"♦

Eminem featuring Ed Sheeran

1

25 January 2018

1

4

"Let You Down"♦

NF

6

18 January 2018

1

text: Entries by artist[edit]

text: The following table shows artists who achieved two or more top 10 entries in 2017, including singles that reached their peak in 2016. The figures include both main artists and featured artists, while appearances on ensemble charity records are also counted for each artist. The total number of weeks an artist spent in the top ten in 2017 is also shown.

text:
Entries

Artist

Country of origin

Weeks

Songs

11

Ed Sheeran [MM]

 United Kingdom

30

"Castle on the Hill", "Dive", "Galway Girl", "Happier", "How Would You Feel (Paean)", "New Man", "Perfect", "River", "Shape of You", "Supermarket Flowers", "What Do I Know?"

4

Dua Lipa [L][P]

15

"Be the One", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "New Rules", "No Lie"

Justin Bieber [M]

 Canada

22

"2U", "Despacito", "Friends", "I'm the One"

Little Mix [J]

 United Kingdom

29

"Power", "Reggaetón Lento", "Shout Out to My Ex", "Touch"

Rita Ora [P][Z]

20

"Anywhere", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "Lonely Together", "Your Song"

Stormzy [P][R]

10

"Big for Your Boots", "Blinded by Your Grace, Pt. 2", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "Power"

3

Anne-Marie [J][K][P]

10

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "Ciao Adios", "Rockabye"

Clean Bandit [J]

22

"I Miss You", "Rockabye", "Symphony"

Drake

 Canada

9

"Blem", "KMT", "Passionfruit"

James Arthur [J][P]

 United Kingdom

9

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "Say You Won't Let Go", "Sun Comes Up"

Louis Tomlinson [J][P]

6

"Back to You", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "Just Hold On"

Quavo [N]

 United States

19

"I'm the One", "Slide", "Strip That Down"

Sean Paul [J][K][X]

 Jamaica

8

"No Lie", "Rockabye", "Súbeme la Radio"

Taylor Swift

 United States

8

"I Don't Wanna Live Forever", "Look What You Made Me Do", "...Ready for It?"

2

Alessia Cara [BB]

 Canada

5

"1-800-273-8255", "Stay"

Calvin Harris

 United Kingdom

10

"Feels", "Slide"

The Chainsmokers

 United States

16

"Paris", "Something Just like This"

Charlie Puth

4

"Attention", "How Long"

DJ Khaled

17

"I'm the One", "Wild Thoughts"

Ella Eyre [P]

 United Kingdom

7

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "Came Here for Love"

Eminem

 United States

4

"River", "Walk on Water"

French Montana [DD]

 Morocco

17

"Hurtin' Me", "Unforgettable"

Julia Michaels [HH]

 United States

5

"I Miss You", "Issues"

Katy Perry [T]

12

"Chained to the Rhythm", "Feels"

Khalid [EE]

9

"1-800-273-8255", "Silence"

Liam Payne [P]

 United Kingdom

11

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "Strip That Down"

Marshmello

 United States

8

"Silence", "Wolves"

Matt Terry [P][X]

 United Kingdom

3

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "Súbeme la Radio"

RAYE [P][S]

10

"Bridge over Troubled Water", "You Don't Know Me"

Selena Gomez

 United States

7

"It Ain't Me", "Wolves"

Zara Larsson [O][V]

 Sweden

17

"I Would Like", "Symphony"

Zayn

 United Kingdom

14

"Dusk Till Dawn", "I Don't Wanna Live Forever"

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a  "24K Magic" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 5 January 2017 (week ending).
b  "Shout Out to My Ex" re-entered the top 10 at number 6 on 5 January 2017 (week ending).
c  "Last Christmas" re-entered the top 10 at number 7 on 5 January 2017 (week ending) following the death of George Michael, having originally peaked at number 2 upon release in 1984. It re-entered the top 10 again on 14 December 2017 at number 6.
d  "Sexual" re-entered the top 10 at number 6 on 12 January 2017 (week ending).
e  "Just Hold On" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 12 January 2017 (week ending).
f  "Big For Your Boots" re-entered the top 10 at number 6 on 9 March 2017 (week ending).
g  "It Ain't Me" re-entered the top 10 at number 7 on 6 April 2017 (week ending).
h  "Issues" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 27 April 2017 (week ending).
i  "Attention" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 22 June 2017 (week ending).
j  Figure includes song that peaked in 2016.
k  Figure includes appearance on Clean Bandit's "Rockabye".
l  Figure includes appearance on Sean Paul's "No Lie".
m  Figure includes appearances on Luis Fonsi's "Despacito", DJ Khaled's "I'm the One" and David Guetta's "2U".
n  Figure includes appearances on DJ Khaled's "I'm the One", Calvin Harris' "Slide" (with Migos) and Liam Payne's "Strip That Down".
o  Figure includes appearance on Clean Bandit's "Symphony".
p  Figure includes an appearance on the "Bridge over Troubled Water" charity single by Artists for Grenfell.
q  Released as a charity single by Artists for Grenfell to support survivors of the Grenfell Tower fire.
r  Figure includes appearance on Little Mix's "Power".
s  Figure includes appearance on Jax Jones' "You Don't Know Me".
t  Figure includes appearance on Calvin Harris' "Feels".
u  "2U" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 27 June 2017 (week ending).
v  Figure includes song that first charted in 2016 but peaked in 2017.
w  "Came Here for Love" re-entered the top 10 at number 9 on 3 August 2017 (week ending).
x  Figure includes appearance on Enrique Iglasias' "Súbeme la Radio".
y  "Your Song" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 24 August 2017 (week ending).
z  Figure includes appearance on Avicii's "Lonely Together".
aa  "More Than Friends" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 5 October 2017 (week ending).
bb  Figure includes appearance on Logic's "1-800-273-8255".
cc  "Mi Gente" re-entered the top 10 at number 8 on 19 October 2017 (week ending) upon the release of the remix featuring Beyoncé.
dd  Figure includes appearance on Stefflon Don's "Hurtin' Me".
ee  Figure includes appearance on Logic's "1-800-273-8255", and Marshmello's "Silence".
ff  "Perfect" re-entered the top 10 at number 7 on 2 November 2017 (week ending).
gg  "Reggaetón Lento" re-entered the top 10 at number 9 on 16 November 2017 (week ending).
hh  Figure includes appearance on Clean Bandit's "I Miss You".
ii  "Last Christmas" re-entered the top 10 at number 6 on 14 December 2017 (week ending), having originally peaked at number 2 upon release in 1984.
jj  "Fairytale of New York" re-entered the top 10 at number 10 on 14 December 2017 (week ending), having originally peaked at number 2 upon release in 1987.
kk  "All I Want For Christmas" re-entered the top 10 at number 5 on 14 December 2017 (week ending), having originally peaked at number 2 upon release in 1994.
ll  "Perfect" reached a new peak at number 1 on 14 December 2017 upon the release of the remix featuring Beyoncé.
mm  Figure includes appearance on Eminem's "River".
nn  "Man's Not Hot" reached its peak of number three on 11 January 2018 (week ending).
oo  "I Miss You" reached its peak of number four on 25 January 2018 (week ending).
pp  "Let You Down" reached its peak of number six on 18 January 2018 (week ending).


document_title: The Search for Everything

question_text: who sings backup on in the blood john mayer

text: The Search for Everything

text: Promotion[edit]

text: Extended plays[edit]

text: The Search for Everything was preceded by the release of two EPs each featuring four new songs from the album. The album's lead single, "Love on the Weekend", was released on November 17, 2016.[3] The first wave, The Search for Everything: Wave One, released on January 20, 2017.[4] The second wave, The Search for Everything: Wave Two was released on February 24, 2017.[5]

text: Tour and live performances[edit]

text: On January 30, 2017, John Mayer announced his headlining arena tour, The Search for Everything Tour, which is set to take place in North America in 2017.[6] On February 24, Mayer announced 30 more tour dates.[7]

text: On February 24, Mayer performed "Moving On and Getting Over" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.[8] On February 28, he performed the single "Still Feel Like Your Man" on Jimmy Kimmel Live.[9]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Professional ratings

Aggregate scores

Source
Rating

Metacritic
61/100[10]

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[11]

The A.V. Club
D[12]

Entertainment Weekly
B+[13]

Pitchfork
4.9/10[14]

text: The Search for Everything received mostly positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 61, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" based on 4 reviews.[10]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: The Search for Everything debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with 132,000 album-equivalent units, of which 120,000 were pure album sales.[15]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by John Mayer.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Still Feel Like Your Man"
3:56

2.
"Emoji of a Wave"
3:59

3.
"Helpless"
4:09

4.
"Love on the Weekend"
3:31

5.
"In the Blood"
4:05

6.
"Changing"
3:33

7.
"Theme from "The Search for Everything""
1:54

8.
"Moving On and Getting Over"
4:21

9.
"Never on the Day You Leave"
3:44

10.
"Rosie"
4:03

11.
"Roll It on Home"
3:25

12.
"You're Gonna Live Forever in Me"
3:09

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Musicians[edit]

text:
John Mayer – vocals, guitars
Steve Jordan – drums, percussion
Pino Palladino – bass guitar
Larry Goldings – keyboards
Al Jardine – vocals (on "Emoji of a Wave")
Matt Jardine – vocals (on "Emoji of a Wave")
Aaron Sterling – drums (on "Roll It on Home") and percussion (on "Still Feel Like Your Man" and "Roll It on Home")[16]
James Fauntleroy – keyboards (on "Still Feel Like Your Man")[16]
Sheryl Crow – vocals (on "In the Blood")
Tiffany Palmer – vocals (on "Helpless")

text: Production[edit]

text:
Steve Jordan – executive producer
Chad Franscoviak – producer, engineering
John Mayer – producer
Chris Galland – mixing
Manny Marroquin – mixing
Greg Calbi – mastering

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2017)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[17]
5

Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[18]
46

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[19]
26

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[20]
85

Canadian Albums (Billboard)[21]
2

Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[22]
7

Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[23]
45

Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[24]
4

French Albums (SNEP)[25]
152

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[26]
44

Irish Albums (IRMA)[27]
30

Italian Albums (FIMI)[28]
50

New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[29]
10

Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[30]
16

Polish Albums (ZPAV)[31]
41

Portuguese Albums (AFP)[32]
23

Scottish Albums (OCC)[33]
11

Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[34]
50

Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[35]
7

Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[36]
16

UK Albums (OCC)[37]
16

US Billboard 200[38]
2

US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[39]
1

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Country
Certifications

Canada
Gold[40]