document_title: Ghosts of Girlfriends Past

question_text: where was the movie ghosts of girlfriends past filmed

root

text: Ghosts of Girlfriends Past

text: Plot[edit]

text: Connor Mead (Matthew McConaughey) is a famous photographer and confirmed womanizer. He takes a break from his playboy lifestyle to attend his brother's (Paul) wedding, where he becomes reacquainted with Jenny Perotti (Jennifer Garner), Connor's childhood friend and the only girl who's ever captured his heart. After Connor delivers a drunken speech at the rehearsal dinner where he says that love isn't real, he's met in the bathroom by the ghost of his uncle Wayne (Michael Douglas), a roué who taught Connor everything he knows about seducing women. Wayne informs Connor that, over the course of the evening, he will be visited by three ghosts who will lead him through his romantic past, present, and future.

tag: p

text: The first ghost is the "Ghost of Girlfriends Past" in the form of Allison Vandermeersh (Emma Stone), one of his high school girlfriends and his first lover. Together, they revisit scenes from his past, focusing on his relationship with Jenny. In 1982, Connor and Jenny were very close as children; she gave him his first instant camera which he used to take her picture, promising to keep it forever. When Connor's parents died in a car accident, Jenny consoles Connor throughout the years without them, as she, his brother Paul and his uncle Wayne were all he had left. By middle school, the two were on the verge of romance, but Connor's hesitation at asking her for a dance caused Jenny to dance with and kiss another boy. Heartbroken, Connor was told by Wayne that he must avoid romance at all costs in order not to feel such pain again. For the next two years, Wayne schooled Connor in the art of seduction. When he next saw Jenny, at a high school party, Connor ignored her and kissed another girl named Allison, whom he had his first sexual encounter with. Several years later, as adults, Connor and Jenny rekindled their romance, but Jenny forced him to woo her for several weeks in an attempt to rid him of his womanizing ways. After they finally did have sex, Connor falls in love with her, but when he lies in bed with her to fall asleep beside her, he remembers his uncle Wayne's warnings about sleeping and spooning with the opposite sex after a night of passion. Realizing this, he panics, running out on her so he won't be hurt. The next morning, Jenny wakes up alone and broken-hearted. His relationships thereafter consisted of a series of very short flings.

text: Awakening back in the Mead mansion in the present, Connor accidentally destroys Paul and Sandra's (his bride-to-be) wedding cake and unsuccessfully attempts to reconcile with Jenny. After his failed attempt, Connor returns to his uncle Wayne's room and finds another woman awaiting him in his bed and, fearing that this woman was the next "Ghost" to accompany him on his journey to show him how he became "himself", panics and runs out of his room, though it's clear after he leaves that the woman in the bed awaiting him is actually one of the bridesmaids hoping to have sex with him. As he storms out of the house, he is confronted by the "Ghost of Girlfriends Present" in the form of his assistant Melanie (Noureen DeWulf), the only constant female figure in his life. With her, he sees that in his absence the other wedding guests make fun of him and his shallow lifestyle. Paul stands up for his brother, recalling that Connor helped raise him after their parents' death, and expresses his hope that Connor will someday change for the better. As the bridemaids discusse their love lives, one of them makes a remark about Jenny being emotionally twisted beyond recognition by Connor to the point that she's unable to move on to a new relationship. Jenny hears this and though Sandra tries to comfort her, Jenny leaves the room hurt and in tears. Melanie guides Connor to the kitchen to show him a crying Jenny as she tries to repair Paul and Sandra's wedding cake. Connor also sees that Jenny is being comforted by Brad (Daniel Sunjata), and is upset that his own actions and attitude are bringing the two closer. He is further upset to discover that Melanie and the three women whom he previously broke up with by conference call are bonding over his disregard for their feelings.

text: Returning to the house, Connor finds Sandra furious at learning that Paul had slept with one of her bridesmaids very early in their relationship, information that Connor had let slip earlier in the evening. Connor attempts to mend the situation but only makes things worse, and Paul tells him to leave. On his way out, he is confronted by the "Ghost of Girlfriends Future" (Olga Maliouk), who takes him forward in time to see that Jenny marries Brad while Paul remains alone. Further in the future, Paul is the only mourner at Connor's funeral. Wayne appears and tells Connor that this is his future if he continues on the same path, pushing him into the grave to be buried by his many ex-girlfriends.

text: Connor awakens in the Mead home and learns that Sandra has called off the wedding and is on her way to the airport. He intercepts the bridal party and convinces Sandra to forgive Paul by sharing lessons learned from his own mistakes, particularly that the pain of heartbreak is outweighed by the regret of never risking one's heart in the first place, something he admits to always regretting having done. Connor helps Jenny to restart the wedding, which he photographs, and afterwards he reconciles with Jenny by showing her the picture he still carries of her as a child and by promising to always be there when she wakes up. The two kiss and dance in the snow to the same song Connor once hesitated to ask her to dance to.

text: Meanwhile, Wayne tries to hit on the ghost of girlfriends future, but she magically vanishes after throwing a drink in his face. Then he tries to hit on the ghost of girlfriends present, but Melanie informs Wayne she is one of the attendees and vanishes. Melanie and Brad start talking and then dancing. Wayne is left with the ghost of girlfriends past, Allison, who is not interested since she is only 16. Wayne says that they are ghosts and therefore ageless.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Connor 'Dutch' Mead

Devin Brochu as Young Connor
Logan Miller as Teenage Connor

Jennifer Garner as Jenny Perotti

Kasey Russell as Young Jenny
Christa B. Allen as Teenage Jenny

Michael Douglas as Wayne S. Mead
Breckin Meyer as Paul Mead
Lacey Chabert as Sandra Volkom
Robert Forster as Sergeant Major Mervis Volkom
Daniel Sunjata as Brad Frye
Emma Stone as Allison Vandermeersh, the Ghost of Girlfriends Past
Noureen DeWulf as Melanie, the Ghost of Girlfriends Present
Olga Maliouk as the Ghost of Girlfriends Future
Anne Archer as Vonda Volkom
Amanda Walsh as Denice
Camille Guaty as Donna
Rachel Boston as Deena
Christina Milian as Kalia
Emily Foxler as Nadja

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was originally set up at Touchstone Pictures with Ben Affleck attached to play the lead character, but he opted out of the movie.[3] It was primarily filmed at Castle Hill in Ipswich, Massachusetts[4] The film was also the first pairing of Michael Douglas and Anne Archer since the 1987 hit thriller Fatal Attraction, although they shared no scenes together. Jennifer Garner and Christa B. Allen again appear together for the first time since 13 Going on 30 in 2004, and they again play the older and younger versions of the same character.

text: Ghosts of Girlfriends Past was cast by veteran Hollywood casting director Marci Liroff.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Ghosts of Girlfriends Past" - All Too Much featuring Matthew Sweet
"Hush" - Gavin Rossdale
"Got a Lot of Love for You Baby" - The Ralph Sall Experience
"Keep on Loving You" - REO Speedwagon
"You Can't Hurry Love" - The Ralph Sall Experience
"Ladies Night" - Kool & the Gang
"The Safety Dance" - Men Without Hats
"Yeah (Dream of Me)" - All Too Much
"Holding Back the Years" - Simply Red
"Sleep" - All Too Much

tag: ol

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: As of January 2011, the film received negative reviews and holds a 26% rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 140 reviews.[5] Metacritic lists it with a 34 out of 100, which indicates "generally unfavorable reviews", based on 29 reviews.[6]

text: Box office[edit]

text: On the film's opening weekend, it debuted at #2 with a gross of $15.4 million (3,175 theaters, $4,854 average), far behind X-Men Origins: Wolverine's $85.1 million gross.[7] The film made $55.3 million in the United States and Canada along with $47 million from foreign territories for a worldwide total of $102.2 million.[1]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD on September 22, 2009.[8]


document_title: Stefon

question_text: what episode of snl does stefon get married

text: Stefon

text: Production[edit]

text: Stefon's segments were inspired by real people Hader and Mulaney had encountered, including an email Mulaney had received recommending parties and other points of interest to him, and a barista at a coffee shop that Hader met who looked and talked like Stefon.[6] Mulaney decided that Stefon should wear an Ed Hardy shirt, under the assumption that it was made of latex and looked like something out of the Macaulay Culkin and Seth Green film, Party Monster. Stefon's hair was inspired by the characters in that film, "specifically based in popup club culture in New York City circa 2007".[7] Stefon's last regular appearance on SNL was on May 18, 2013, owing to Bill Hader's leaving the show. As part of the Weekend Update comedy skit, Seth Meyers realized how much he actually loved Stefon and "married" him.

text: Often Hader can be seen suppressing fits of laughter (known as breaking), as some of the more outlandish descriptions are new to him. Hader, on late-night TV interviews, said that this happens with such frequency because changes are often made to the script up until the live show, and frequently Hader doesn't see the final cue cards until the live broadcast. As a result, some of the more outrageous things that Stefon says are relatively or completely new to Hader. "I have not gotten through a single Stefon update without breaking," Hader says. "I'm still working on it."[8]

text: After being unable to perform the character without breaking for two and a half years, Hader successfully remained in character as Stefon during the season finale of the show's 36th season, with host Justin Timberlake. However, this appearance was much briefer than his others, with his appearance only lasting about 30 seconds. According to Hader, it is "completely ironic" that he played a character like Stefon, because he avoids loud places such as clubs.[9]

text: When Meyers' Late Night premiered on April 24, 2014, a Stefon matryoshka doll with a veil embellishment, originally hand-crafted by matryoshka artist Irene Hwang and commissioned for a crew holiday gift, was unveiled as part of the decor of Meyers' desktop.[10][11]

text: Personality[edit]

text: Stefon is a flamboyantly gay "city correspondent" for Weekend Update. He appears to be always nervous, as indicated by how he can never keep his hands still and constantly rubs them together. Stefon always touches his face and hair, and it seems like he has frequent anxiety attacks. A possible explanation for this is his excessive consumption of recreational drugs.[6] Stefon is very knowledgeable about parties and nightclubs featuring very bizarre themes and characters, which he recommends when host Seth Meyers asks for suggestions for tourists, much to Meyers' frustration. Stefon is apparently infatuated with Meyers; he expresses disappointment when Meyers mentions his girlfriend, and has stated that he envies Meyers' mother for changing his diapers as a child.

text: According to the May 7, 2011, episode of Saturday Night Live, his mother is named Ms. Stefon, and his father is David Bowie. In the October 20, 2012 episode, he mentions he has a dog named Bark Ruffalo. He lives in a trashcan outside the RadioShack at 23rd and 7th. Stefon wears gaudy Ed Hardy shirts, multiple rings, and an asymmetrical, highlighted haircut.[12]

text: Format[edit]

text: Stefon, the City Correspondent on Weekend Update, is introduced by Seth Meyers and is asked for recommendations for tourists. Stefon’s dialogue always begins with “New York’s hottest club is …” and then he starts listing the outlandish patrons that you can meet at this club. He is frequently interrupted by Seth Meyers, who asks for more family-friendly destinations, but Stefon only continues talking about increasingly ludicrous New York clubs with suggestively descriptive names (Crease, Gush, Push, Booooooooof ["with nine O's"], Spicy, Kevin?, Whimsy, Your Mother and I Are Separating, PANTS!, et al.).

text: Security, entertainers, and clientele at the venue are surreal, implied to be from hyper-specific or obscure subcultures, which an impressed Stefon usually introduces by complimenting "this place has everything". Bouncers include: jacked-up homeless guys in period swimming costumes, Hobocops (homeless RoboCops), a bulldog who looks like Wilford Brimley, and a rabbi who looks like Joaquin Phoenix. Passwords for some of the clubs include "My wallet? YEEEEAH, RIGHT!" ("the last words of murdered blues legend Sweet Willie Walker") and "Diabetes" (said in a Wilford Brimley voice). When mentioning the club's typical patrons, he lists outlandish characters such as screaming babies in Mozart wigs, Puppets in disguise, an Albino who looks like Susan Powter, Puppets practicing Karate, sunburned drifters with soap bubble beards, and groups of guys with afros in graduation caps. Underground celebrities to be found at the venues include Blingo (Black Ringo), Jewish Dracula Sidney Applebaum, nine-year-old Tokyo pimp Ichi Yakaguro [13] and 300-pound Chinese baby deejay DJ Baby Bak Choy.[14]

text: When describing the club’s attractions, Stefon repeatedly uses vague faux pop culture portmanteaux and slang terms including "Jewpids" (Jewish Cupids), "Furkels" (fat Urkels) and "Teddy Graham people" ("...when a guy has the stumpy arms but with the belly"). Stefon also frequently mentions objects personified by little people ("human fanny packs," "human traffic cones," "human fire hydrants," "human boomboxes," "human suitcases," "human kites", "human R2-D2s", "human piñatas", "human Roombas" (also called "Hoombas") and "human Magic 8 balls."), which he originally referred to as "midgets". When Seth Meyers pointed out in one segment that the term "midget" was politically incorrect, Stefon corrected himself and referred to them as "fun-sized"; in a 2018 guest appearance alongside Colin Jost and Michael Che, Stefon brought his lawyer Shy (John Mulaney) onto the show to inform him that the correct term was "little people". The club owners Stefon describes are almost always malapropisms of famous celebrities' names, e.g., Snoozin Lucci, Jew Diamond Phillips, Tranderson Cooper, Baloney Danza, Fat Sajak, Gay Liotta, Gay Dunaway, Tranny Oakley, D-bag Chopra, and Blow J. Simpson. His style comes close to absurdist humor, mocking New York City's notorious Club Kid scene. In the November 10th, 2012 episode, hosted by Anne Hathaway, Stefon did not appear, but Hathaway made a joking reference to playing him.

text: Final regular appearance and guest appearances[edit]

text: Stefon made his last recurring Weekend Update appearance on Season 38 Episode 21 on May 18, 2013. After Stefon's usual comment on "New York's hottest club", Weekend Update anchor Seth Meyers again criticized his recommendations, making Stefon flee out of NBC Studios to get married. Seeing the error of his ways, Seth goes after him to the wedding at the New York Garden Church on Fifth Avenue only to find out that Stefon is getting married to Anderson Cooper. Seth goes in after Stefon and takes him away from the wedding back to Studio 8H, where they proclaim their love for each other. The wedding guests included Black George Washington as the minister, a puppet in disguise (ALF in a trenchcoat), human traffic cones and a human fire hydrant, HoboCops, Jewpids, infamous gay running back Blowjay Simpson, a group of guys with afros and graduation caps, grown men in wedding dresses, jacked homeless guys in period bathing suits, Gizblow the coked-up Gremlin, Furkel, evil chef Wario Batali, Germfs (German Smurfs), Sidney Applebaum the Jewish Dracula, a screaming geisha, Hanukkah cartoon character Menorah the Explorer, and DJ Baby Bak Choy. Ben Affleck makes a cameo appearance reprising his role as Stefon's brother, David Zolefsky.[15]

text: Stefon returned to the Weekend Update desk in a guest appearance along with Amy Poehler to wish Seth Meyers good luck in his final Weekend Update, as Meyers prepares to become the new host of Late Night. Stefon's jokes included that the world (outside SNL) "has everything...", such as homeless weightlifters that look like The Croods, Japanese daredevil YOLO Ono and human DVRs, to which Stefon replied "It's that thing where a midget sits on your TV and tells you what happened on Scandal. And like a regular cable box, it goes down all the time". Before Seth's final Weekend Update goodbye, he acknowledged Stefon as his husband. In this appearance, Hader again broke character after the human DVR joke.

text: Stefon returned to the show on the October 11, 2014 episode, hosted by Hader. In this appearance he recommended clubs for tourists interested in autumn in New York. He expressed shock at new Weekend Update hosts Colin Jost and Michael Che, questioning how long he had been on anesthesia, before looking at their racial make-up and remarking "one of each." The sketch was co-written by John Mulaney, who worked on it with Hader over Skype and texted new jokes to the writers to once again surprise Hader, who barely began the sketch before having to cover his face from laughing. Hader had particular trouble staying in character due to each club Stefon recommended including at the end of its list of features Dan Cortese (mispronounced "Dan Cortez" due to a misspelling on Mulaney's part).[16][17] Stefon referenced his now-husband Meyers by explaining that he was at home "practicing sitting behind a desk," and ended the sketch by announcing he was pregnant.[18]

text: As part of Saturday Night Live's 40th Anniversary Special, Edward Norton appeared as Stefon during the special's 40th anniversary-themed Weekend Update. Feeling like Norton was failing his impression, Stefon appeared to try to guide him into doing the correct hand gestures. After that, Seth Meyers appeared behind both Norton and Stefon and briefly mentioned their unnamed children.[19][20]

text: On March 17, 2018, three years after his last appearance in SNL, Stefon returned to the Weekend Update desk for a St. Patrick's Day-themed segment of his New York City recommendations, which included multiple references to recent Academy Award-winning films, Farrahchauns (leprechauns that look like Farrah Fawcett) and human squatty potties. Stefon, who usually uses the term "midget" to describe his bizarre recommendations, chose not to use it in order to not be insensitive and consulted his attorney and conceptual piss artist named Shy (played by John Mulaney, who co-created Stefon) for a better term, ultimately using "little people". Mulaney caused Hader to crack up by whispering into his ear during his brief appearance, "My girlfriend works at Yoshinoya Beef Bowl."[21] Stefon also made a reference to Seth Meyers' A Closer Look segment at Late Night.

text: Saturday Night Live appearances[edit]

text:
Date

Host

Notes

Season 34

November 1, 2008

Ben Affleck

First appearance as a character in a sketch titled "Movie Pitch with Stefon," with Affleck playing Stefon's brother, David Zolesky.[1]

Season 35

April 24, 2010

Gabourey Sidibe

First Weekend Update appearance.

May 15, 2010

Alec Baldwin

Season 36

October 23, 2010

Emma Stone

December 11, 2010

Paul Rudd

December 18, 2010

Jeff Bridges

Sang a Christmas song with David Paterson (Armisen) and Snooki (Moynihan).

February 12, 2011

Russell Brand

May 7, 2011

Tina Fey

Kisses Seth Meyers for the first time in this episode, on the cheek.

May 21, 2011

Justin Timberlake

Only appearance where Hader did not break character; his appearance lasted roughly 30 seconds.

Season 37

October 8, 2011

Ben Stiller

Stefon and Derek Zoolander (Stiller) promote a charity to help fat kids.

December 10, 2011

Katy Perry

Also appears in promos for this episode.

February 18, 2012

Maya Rudolph

Appeared in the opening monologue.

March 10, 2012

Jonah Hill

Kisses Seth Meyers on the lips for the first time. Bill Hader breaks so hard he cries a little bit.

May 19, 2012

Mick Jagger

Season 38

October 20, 2012

Bruno Mars

Also appeared introducing Mars as the musical guest.

March 9, 2013

Justin Timberlake

May 18, 2013

Ben Affleck

Ben Affleck makes a cameo appearance reprising his role as Stefon's brother, David Zolesky. Stefon's appearance in this episode marked his last as a recurring character

Season 39

February 1, 2014

Melissa McCarthy

Stefon makes his first guest appearance along with Amy Poehler on Seth Meyers' final Weekend Update.

Season 40

October 11, 2014

Bill Hader

Second guest appearance and Hader's first as SNL host. Stefon reveals he is pregnant.[22]

February 15, 2015

SNL 40th Anniversary Special

Appeared alongside Edward Norton, who was dressed as Stefon and doing an impression of him. Seth Meyers mentions their unnamed children.[19][20]

Season 43

March 17, 2018

Bill Hader

Third guest appearance and Hader's second as SNL host. John Mulaney, the co-creator of Stefon, appears as his personal lawyer, Shy.

tag: table

text: Appearances outside Saturday Night Live[edit]

text: In December 2011, Hader (as Stefon) and Seth Meyers made an appearance at A Funny Affair for Autism benefit.[23][24]


document_title: Todd (surname)

question_text: where does the last name todd come from

question_tokens: where does the last name todd come from

text: Todd (surname)

text: Todd is a surname meaning "fox" (from Old English todde), and may refer to:

text: People[edit]

text:
Albert E. Todd, Canadian mayor
Albert M. Todd, US Representative from Michigan
Alexander Todd (rugby player), English and British Isles rugby union international
Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Nobel laureate in chemistry
Alpheus Todd (1821–1884), English-born Canadian librarian and constitutional historian
Andrew Todd (New Zealand), New Zealand businessman.
Andy Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Ann Todd, British actress
Barbara Euphan Todd, English writer
Beverly Todd, American actress
Bill Todd, NASA program manager and aquanaut
Bob Todd, British actor
Bob Todd (baseball), American college baseball coach
Brendon Todd, American professional golfer
Brent Todd, New Zealand rugby league footballer
Bryan Todd (disambiguation), several people
Cameron Todd, Australian ice hockey player
Caroline and Charles Todd, American mystery novelists
Charles Todd (astronomer), Australian astronomer
Charles Todd (New Zealand), New Zealand businessman
Charles Burr Todd, American historian
Charles Lafayette Todd, American folklorist
Chris Todd, English footballer
Christine Todd Whitman, American politician
Chuck Todd, American television host
Colin Todd, English football player and manager
David Todd (architect), American architect
David Peck Todd, American astronomer
Dolley Payne Todd, birthname of Dolley Madison, wife of President James Madison
Emmanuel Todd, French sociologist
Frederick Todd, landscape architect
Garfield Todd, South Rhodesian politician
Geoff Todd, Australian artist
Hallie Todd, American actress
H. E. Todd (Herbert Eatton Todd, 1908–1988), English children's writer
Henry Todd (priest) (1763–1845), English clergyman
Henry Alfred Todd (1854–1925), American scholar
J. A. Todd (John Arthur Todd, 1908–1994), British mathematician
Jackson Todd, former Major League Baseball pitcher
James Todd (Canadian settler), Canadian settler in British Columbia
James Henthorn Todd (1805-1869), Irish scholar
Jane H. Todd (1890–1966), New York politician
Janet Todd, British writer and biographer
Jasin Todd, American musician with the band Shinedown
Jim Todd, American basketball coach
John Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Joseph Todd, American football player
Josh Todd, American singer
Kathleen Todd, pioneering New Zealand child psychiatrist.
Kathryn Doi Todd, first female Asian American judge in the United States
Kendra Todd, American reality TV winner
Lance Todd, New Zealand-born British rugby league personality
Lani Todd, American model
Larry Todd (b. 1948), American illustrator and cartoonist
Laurence Todd (1882-1957), American press correspondent
Lemuel Todd, US Representative from Pennsylvania
Malcolm Todd, British historian
Margaret Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Mark Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States
Mia Doi Todd, American musician
Michael Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Mort Todd, American humorist
Olga Taussky Todd, Austrian-American mathematician
Pat Canning Todd, American tennis player
Patricia Todd, American politician from Alabama
Paul H. Todd, Jr., US Representative from Michigan
Paula Todd, Canadian journalist
Peta Todd, a former English glamour girl
Peter Todd, Canadian academic administrator
Robert Todd (disambiguation), multiple people
Richard Todd (1919-2009), British actor
Richard Todd (football player), American football player
Rick Todd, Canadian professional golfer
Roland Todd (1900-1969), English boxer of the 1910s, and 1920s
Ron Todd, British union leader
Ron Todd (footballer), Collingwood FC footballer.
Ruthven Todd, Scottish poet
Ruth Todd, American broadcaster
Thelma Todd, American actress
Thomas Todd, American judge
Tony Todd, American actor
Tweedy John Todd, (1789-1840) British biologist and physician
Walker Todd (ca. 1786-1840), New York politician
Walter Edmond Clyde Todd (1874–1969), American ornithologist
William Todd (disambiguation), multiple people

text: Fictional characters[edit]

text:
Caitlin Todd, character on NCIS
Jason Todd, a character in DC Universe
Sweeney Todd, a character in 19th century popular literature
Ursula Todd, a character in Life After Life by Kate Atkinson
Warwick Todd, fictional cricketer created by Tom Gleisner


document_title: Drop Dead Diva (season 6)

question_text: who played ian holt on drop dead diva

question_tokens: who played ian holt on drop dead diva

text: Drop Dead Diva (season 6)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Brooke Elliott as Jane Bingum (13 episodes)
Margaret Cho as Teri Lee (7 episodes)
Jackson Hurst as Grayson Kent (11 episodes)
Kate Levering as Kim Kaswell (10 episodes)
April Bowlby as Stacy Barrett (13 episodes)
Lex Medlin as Judge Owen French (13 episodes)
Justin Deeley as Paul (9 episodes)

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Jeffrey Pierce as Ian Holt/Grayson Kent (4 episodes)
Kenny Alfonso as Joe Cummings (4 episodes)
Victor McCay as Judge Halloran (4 episodes)
Rhoda Griffis as Paula Dewey (3 episodes)
Gregory Alan Williams as Judge Warren Libby (3 episodes)
Virginia Williams as Belinda Scotto (2 episodes)
Mike Faiola as Dave (2 episodes)

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Colin Egglesfield as Charlie French (1 episode)
Corbin Bleu as Michael Donaldson (1 episode)
Stephen "tWitch" Boss as Billy Donaldson (1 episode)
Rick Springfield as Liam Matthews (1 episode)
Janel Parrish as Chelsea Jones (1 episode)
Roma Maffia as Judge Eileen Sears (1 episode)
Ben Feldman as Fred (1 episode)
Becca Tobin as Empress Katia (1 episode)
Terry Fator as Greg Gerlin (1 episode)
David Mazouz as Ryan Hatcher (1 episode)

text: Production[edit]

text: On October 25, 2013, Lifetime and Sony Pictures TV renewed the series for a sixth season, which premiered on March 23, 2014.[4][2] Colin Egglesfield, Virginia Williams, and Corbin Bleu guest starred in the season premiere while Rick Springfield and Jay DeMarcus guest starred later in the season. S. Epatha Merkerson and John Ratzenberger reprised their roles.[5] Stephen "tWitch" Boss guest starred as Billy Donaldson, a man who hires Jane to help his brother, in the second episode.[6] Janel Parrish will guest star in the fifth episode as a cheerleader who finds internet fame after her on-field meltdown becomes a viral video.[7]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

66
1
"Truth & Consequences"
Robert J. Wilson
Josh Berman
March 23, 2014 (2014-03-23)
1.11[8]

Jane represents a lunch lady claiming the school board is refusing to feed poor children. When Jane takes the case to the press, it turns out that her client is actually a wanted war protestor living under a new identity and Jane has to defend her. Owen's wayward brother Charlie (Colin Egglesfield) drops by the office, claiming he was robbed at a strip club but the club is suing him for defamation after he complained on a website. Owen reluctantly helps, but learns there is more to the case than it seems. Stacy goes on a date with Charlie before realizing he's Owen's brother. Jane finally comes clean to tell Grayson she is really Deb.

67
2
"Soulmates?"
Michael Grossman
Amy Engelberg & David Feige
March 23, 2014 (2014-03-23)
1.16[8]

A new attorney named Belinda is hired to take the place of Kim while she's on maternity leave. She and Grayson work together to represent a couple who suffered through a horrible sea cruise on a ship adrift for a week without power. The tables are turned when the couple is accused of piracy after admitting to stealing from the ship's food locker. While defending a man serving time for setting a fire that killed a store owner's wife, Jane clashes with the case's original judge: Owen. Eventually, Owen discovers the truth in the man's innocence and has him pardoned. Grayson tells Jane he is ready to date her as herself, stating that as far as he's concerned, Deb is dead.

68
3
"First Date"
Robert J. Wilson
Jeffrey Lippman & Wendy Engelberg
March 30, 2014 (2014-03-30)
1.25[9]

Belinda and Jane defend rock star Liam Matthews (Rick Springfield), accused of wrecking a hotel room, and they manage to cut a deal for him. But when Liam's band fires him over his reckless behavior, Jane helps him out only to have Belinda become furious over Jane's plan. When Belinda's interference grows, Jane persuades Kim to return to the firm early. Grayson takes on a developer planning to tear down a rent-controlled apartment building and evict its tenants. Grayson makes the case that graffiti from a famous artist on a building wall makes it an historic landmark. Jane and Grayson prepare for their first date.

69
4
"Life & Death"
Michael Grossman
Josh Berman & Marty Scott
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
1.39[10]

Still reeling over knowing that Jane is Deb, Grayson is tense when they represent a friend of his who wants to bury his late wife in her backyard garden, while her parents insist on burying her in their family mausoleum. Jane comes up with an idea to help with the compromise: turning the home into a church. Kim meets a 12-year-old foster child (David Mazouz) who wants to be adopted, and she and Owen discover much red tape while trying to find him a family. Eventually a woman steps forward to help Owen and Kim locate the boy's birth father that leads to an emotional meeting between the boy and his father. Teri helps Paul when his decision to buy a new car lands him in legal trouble.

70
5
"Cheers & Jeers"
Robert J. Wilson
Jeffrey Lippman & David Feige
April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13)
1.08[11]

Jane represents a cheerleader who had a public meltdown after being bullied by her teammates, but Jane later finds out she might be getting played by the supposed victim. Owen and Grayson help a couple whose inability to pay the city government a $75,000 fee for removal of a speed bump the father had installed might cost them their home. After several dead ends, Owen suggests that the family secede from the United States. When Paul gets into heavy credit card debt, Teri risks her job by posing as his lawyer. Jane worries about taking the next step with Grayson.

71
6
"Desperate Housewife"
Michael Grossman
Amy Engelberg & Wendy Engelberg
April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)
1.32[12]

Grayson and Jane are assigned a case of a seemingly mild-mannered woman whose lawsuit involves national security. Their case is difficult when they are refused information on just what their client has done. With Paul's help, they are able to track down a man who may have been guilty of framing their client. Kim represents four children who were adopted by a couple just before a home makeover show gave them a free renovation, but kicked the children back into the foster system shortly after. Kim realizes the couple were just using the children to get the makeover, and tries to find a way to sue them for damages despite the fact that the children have no legal standing. The children's grandmother steps forward along with the producers and helps Kim exposes the couple for their actions. Kim makes it clear to the couple that unless they want to be charged for fraud and lose their remaining assets, they better give up the renovated home to the children's grandmother. Stacy becomes convinced her baby might be evil, but Jane helps her realize that her baby will be twins.

72
7
"Sister Act"
Robert J. Wilson
Josh Berman & Marty Scott
May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)
1.51[13]

Jane represents a girl who needs a bone marrow transplant. It leads to complications as a nun who had promised the marrow is discovered to be pregnant and so Jane begins searching for another donor via the girl's sperm donor father. With Stacy's help she tracks down the girl's possible half-sister and goes up against the mother when she refuses. Jane looks forward to getting Teri out of jail until she's informed she has to fire her. Kim gets Stacy to babysit her infant. Owen represents a mayor who is being impeached for allowing schoolless children to stay at City Hall, the woman driven to change her ways by a terminal cancer diagnosis but complications ensue. Jane blurts "I love you" to Grayson and is afraid of where to go after that.

73
8
"Identity Crisis"
Robert J. Wilson
David Feige & Amy Engelberg
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
1.20[14]

Jane wants to tell Grayson about Paul being her angel but is warned if she does, Paul will have to leave with no one but Jane remembering him. Grayson must defend a client who confessed to murder after a hard interrogation. Jane represents a transgender teen who wanted to use the boys' bathroom at his school. Stacy is concerned over Owen being too generous wanting to raise the twins. When she complains about it, Owen proposes to her and Stacy accepts. Grayson discovers his client is guilty and refuses to give evidence that would clear him. However, Owen overrules him to do so believing the man is innocent. As the man goes free, the father of the woman he murdered tries to shoot him but ends up hitting Grayson instead as a horrified Jane looks on. Owen realizes Grayson's reasons for his refusal too late and regrets making him testify when he learns from Jane that the man was guilty of the murder.

74
9
"Hope and Glory"
Bethany Rooney
Jeffrey Lippman & Wendy Engelberg
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)
1.29[15]

Grayson confides in Stacy while in the hospital that he is going to propose to Jane after his near-death experience makes him re-evaluate his life. Jane represents a community who is getting sick from the hot pepper fumes coming from a nearby hot sauce factory, but after getting the factory shut down, things get complicated when it's discovered the hot pepper fumes were not the underlying cause of the sicknesses, landing Jane and the firm in legal trouble, and fighting against the state. However, Paul and Owen help Jane out by procuring evidence against Toxic Control with a temporary permit back in 1984, the judge orders the group to clean up the site, provide fresh water for the residents and reopens the hot sauce factory(per Jane's recommendations). When Kim's father is remarried, her mother complains he used their old wedding ring for his new bride. Owen helps Kim out only to have it revealed that technically her parents were never legally divorced and are each guilty of bigamy. When Jane goes to check Grayson out of the hospital, the bullet in his chest causes complications, but despite efforts by the hospital staff to save him, he is pronounced dead.

75
10
"No Return"
Michael Grossman
Josh Berman & Marty Scott
June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)
1.69[16]

Jane deals with the death of Grayson as Kim presses Owen to hire a new lawyer. Kim represents a ventriloquist who had his frequent flyer miles revoked after his puppet is banned from flying. With Paul's help, Kim exposes the airline for using the hit list to poach their clientele. Jane represents a client of Grayson's in a defamation case that has her tackling some corrupt cops. Grayson meets Jane's old guardian angel Fred in Heaven, and pleads for his help to get him back to Jane. Stacy is feeling hurt and betrayed that Owen lied to her. However, Jane convinces her to give him a break and just enjoy their time together. In the end, Grayson hits the return button and calls Jane to let her know he's back...in the body of a convict.

76
11
"Afterlife"
Dwight Little
Marty Scott & Tyler Dinucci
June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)
1.50[17]

Grayson is returned to Earth in the body of Ian Holt, a death row inmate who was executed for murder two minutes earlier. Jane must try to prove his innocence to save his life before he is executed once again the following day. However, they run into problems due to Grayson having no memories of whether Ian is guilty or not. Kim represents an inner-city dance troupe who claim a major pop star, Empress Katia, stole their dance routines. Kim soon learns of Katia's guilt in not properly crediting the original creators and she is forced to pay a hefty fine. Stacy becomes concerned about Owen having anxiety attacks at the mere mention of their wedding, especially when one of the attacks lands him in the hospital. After proving Ian was innocent and framed, Jane and Ian share a kiss in her house. Unbeknownst to them, they are seen by Stacy (who knows Ian is Grayson) and Owen (who does not).

77
12
"Hero"
J. Miller Tobin
Eric Buchman
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
1.50[18]

Owen is upset about Jane becoming romantic with "Ian" so soon after Grayson's death, while Grayson has trouble adjusting to his new life as Ian. Jane sues a football camp on behalf of a mother whose son died during training. Kim is saved from a mugging by a man dressed as a superhero, who turns out to be a courtroom bailiff she knows well. She repays the favor by defending the man when the mugger sues him for assault, and again when he is fired by the court. Paul reveals to Grayson/Ian that he is Jane's guardian angel, and says he has also been assigned to Ian. When Kim and Owen confront Jane over worries "Ian" is using her, Jane quits the firm.

78
13
"It Had To Be You"
Robert J. Wilson
Josh Berman
June 22, 2014 (2014-06-22)
1.66[19]

Owen and Kim try to talk some sense into Jane about her relationship with Ian while Stacy is concerned about this division hurting her wedding. Meanwhile, Teri returns and realizes that Ian is a former classmate who is responsible for ruining her chances at stardom. Jane represents a couple being sued by a Japanese whaling company they were protesting, and she later finds that Owen is representing the company. Kim represents her former temp, Dave, when he is fired by his agency for his open belief in Bigfoot. Despite the two not wanting to get serious after their one date, Kim and Dave eventually share a passionate kiss. Jane stumbles upon a way to save her client from being imprisoned in Japan, and soon finds that Owen secretly led her to the information. They make up in time for the wedding. Stacy goes into early labor before the ceremony, however, and gives birth to the twins. Grayson discovers that Ian was once a good piano player, and that he ruined Teri's talent competition on Star Search by showing up intoxicated to play piano. The series ends with Grayson using Ian's musical talents to play and sing "It Had to Be You" for Deb/Jane, as the two are finally united together.


document_title: Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker

question_text: when does batman beyond return of the joker take place

text: Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Neo-Gotham City in 2039, the Joker mysteriously resurfaces after having disappeared 30 years earlier,[1] taking over a faction of the criminal gang Jokerz. Bruce insists that the Joker must be an impostor despite the evidence, claiming to have witnessed the Joker's death after their last battle. Later, Terry and his girlfriend Dana are attacked by the Jokerz at a nightclub while the Joker simultaneously ambushes and attacks Bruce in the Batcave, poisoning him with his trademark toxin and leaving him for dead.

text: At Terry's insistence, Barbara reluctantly tells him what really happened to the Joker—the reason she and Bruce believe him to be dead. Decades earlier in 2009, after Nightwing (Dick Grayson) moved to the adjoining city of Blüdhaven to fight crime on his own, the Joker and Harley Quinn kidnapped Tim Drake, Dick's successor as Robin, disfigured him to look like the Joker, and tortured him for three weeks, at which point Tim revealed Batman's secrets. After the Joker sadistically taunted both Tim and Batman himself, Batman furiously attacked the Joker for what he did to Tim. During the final battle, although the Joker attempted to make Tim kill Batman, Tim turned on the Joker and killed him before suffering a mental breakdown caused by the guilt of murdering. Batman and Batgirl comforted Tim and then buried the Joker's body in a mineshaft deep beneath Arkham Asylum, while Tim was eventually rehabilitated by Dr. Leslie Thompkins but Bruce forbade to him resume his vigilante role.

text: Terry decides to question Tim, who denies any involvement with the Joker and bitterly claims he had grown sick of his past life as Robin. Terry then suspects Wayne Enterprises' operations manager Jordan Pryce, who would have taken control of the company were it not for Bruce's return. Terry finds the Jokerz with Pryce on his yacht, who reveal that Pryce had hired them and given them access codes. However, the Joker has sent them to kill Pryce, as he is no longer needed and to cover their tracks. Terry rescues Pryce before a laser blast destroys the yacht, and turns him over to the police.

text: Back in the Batcave, Terry deduces that Tim must be working with the Joker when he discovers that the high-tech equipment the Jokerz have been stealing could be combined by someone with Tim's expertise as a top-level communications expert to form a machine that would be able to take control of any satellite, even an orbiting military satellite with an automated defense system, and fire it at will, thus explaining what happened on the yacht.

text: Terry tracks the Joker to the abandoned Jolly Jack Candy Factory where he instead finds Tim, who then transforms into the Joker before his eyes. The Joker confesses that when he kidnapped Robin, he secretly implanted a microchip, built from cutting-edge genetics technology (revealed later to have been stolen from Project Cadmus), into Tim's brain. The microchip carries the Joker's consciousness and genetic material, allowing the Joker to transform Tim into a clone of himself, eventually becoming strong enough to permanently control Tim's body.

text: Terry discovers the Joker to be a formidable combatant since he has extensive knowledge of Bruce's tactics as Batman. Terry improvises by using his own street fighting maneuvers and taunting the Joker's obsession with Bruce as well as his origin, sending the rogue into a fury to put him off balance. Retrieving the Joker's joy buzzer—which had minutes earlier fallen against several control wires, shocking them and causing the active laser to redirect itself towards the candy factory—Terry delivers a shock to the Joker's neck, destroying the microchip and reverting Tim to his old self, finally freeing him from the Joker's control and ending the Joker permanently. Terry escapes with Tim before the satellite destroys the factory and the satellite-jamming device.

text: As Tim recovers in the hospital, he is visited by Bruce, and they both express gratitude towards Terry for saving Tim's life and acknowledge his worth to the Batman mantle.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Will Friedle as Terry McGinnis / Batman:

text: Kevin Conroy as Bruce Wayne:

text: Mark Hamill as the Joker:

text: Hamill also voices Jordan Pryce:

text: Angie Harmon as Commissioner Barbara Gordon:

text: Tara Strong as Young Barbara Gordon / Batgirl in flashback scenes.

text: Dean Stockwell as Tim Drake:

text: Mathew Valencia as Young Tim Drake / Robin in flashback scenes, with Andrea Romano providing Robin's Joker laugh.

text: Arleen Sorkin as Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn:

text: Melissa Joan Hart as Delia and Deidre Dennis / Dee Dee:

text: Michael Rosenbaum as Stewart Carter Winthrop III / Ghoul:

text: Don Patrick Harvey as Charles Buntz / Chucko:

text: Henry Rollins as Benjamin Knox / Bonk:

text: Frank Welker as Woof the Hyena-Man:

text: Welker also voices Ace the Bat-Hound:

text: Lauren Tom as Dana Tan:

text: Rachael Leigh Cook as Chelsea Cunningham:

text: Teri Garr as Mary McGinnis:

text: Ryan O'Donohue as Matt McGinnis:

text: Vernee Watson-Johnson as Ms. Joyce Carr:

text: Mary Scheer as Mrs. Drake:

text: Jason Stanford as a Gangster

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was put in production after the cancellation of Boyd Kirkland's Batman: Arkham, the intended sequel to Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, as well as the planned third Batman: The Animated Series feature film.[2] It was produced during the second and third season of Batman Beyond, and aired as part of the third season, specifically after the episodes "King's Ransom" and "Untouchable", although in fact, the movie's events could have happened even after "Unmasked", the show's series finale, as there is no reference to the previous two mentioned episodes. Something interesting to note is that the show's recurring character Maxine "Max" Gibson is inexplicably absent from the film.

text: The design of the Joker in the film was the second revamp of physical appearance, after his redesign in The New Batman Adventures. This design was later used in the episodes "Injustice for All", "Only a Dream, Part 1" and "Wild Cards" of Justice League and in the episode "The Big Leagues" of Static Shock.[3] According to the DVD commentary, Joker's new design was based on an illustration of Hannibal Lecter from the novel The Silence of the Lambs, although some elements of this new design could be inspired by the villain Frieza from the Dragon Ball franchise. The design of the character of Chucko was inspired in a clown costume of Eric Radomski, while the character of Ghoul's design was loosely based on The Scarecrow, one of Batman's original foes. The character of Woof was created as a tribute to Bud and Lou, the pet hyenas of The Joker in Batman: The Animated Series. Dee Dee's original designs were also very different to the final ones, resembling very much the classic disguise her grandmother Harley Quinn.[4]

text: Apart that the main cast of the TV series returned to reprise their roles, the producers cast Michael Rosenbaum, a voice actor that voiced many characters in Batman Beyond, as Ghoul, one of the Joker's Jokerz. The others were voiced by other DCAU voice actors. According to the DVD commentary, Rosenbaum modeled his voice on that of actor Christopher Walken. Rosenbaum's performance ended up leading the producers to gave him the role of The Flash in Justice Legue. Dean Stockwell was cast as an adult Tim Drake, being inspired by one of his earliest roles in The Boy with Green Hair when he was a child actor, while casting director Andrea Romano played young Tim when he was Joker Junior. Mark Hamill, apart of reprising his role as the Joker, also voiced Jordan Pryce, a red herring character, in the film, in order to deceive the public about the new Joker's true identity. Tara Strong, who voiced Barbara Gordon/Batgirl, was first credited as Tara Charendoff, her maiden name. For the scene of the old Harley Quinn, Bruce Timm originally wanted to cast an old actress for the role, but at the end, he decided to mantain Arleen Sorkin in the role.

text: In the early drafts of the film's script, Joker's sidekick Harley Quinn was originally set to be killed in the flashback sequence. However, a short scene near the end of the movie, just after the climax, features an older woman who resembles Harley releasing her twin granddaughters Dee Dee (Delia and Deidre Dennis) from prison. When the old woman scolds the twins about their actions, one of them replies: "Shut up, Nana Harley!". Producer and screenwriter Paul Dini included this scene in the script because of his displeasure at being asked to kill off what he felt was one of his biggest contributions to the Batman mythos. Producer Bruce Timm chose to retain it because he felt it provided some necessary comic relief. The Hyperion-class Satellite idea was taken from Katsuhiro Otomo's sci-fi film Akira. The Jolly Jack Candy Factory, the resurrected Joker's hideout, is a reference to American comic book artist Jack Kirby, who, during his early Marvel Comics days, was known as "Jolly" Jack Kirby.

text: Many scenes written in the film's original script, like one featuring The Penguin being interrogated by Batman at the Iceberg Lounge during the flashback sequence in order to discover the whereabouts of The Joker and Robin or one showing the Jokerz being arrested by Barbara Gordon and the Gotham City Police Department, were deleted due many reasons like time constraints. Woof even had a line in the original script, but was cut.[5] As an interesting fact, the scene in which Bruce listens records taken from The New Batman Adventures episode "Holiday Knights" was originally planned to retain the episode's animation, but at the end it was edited to replace the Joker's old appearance.[6] Even although many scenes were deleted from the final cut, some planned scenes were storyboarded but never made. For example, it was originally intended that after being shot at the film's beginning, Bonk's corpse was to be seen in the background twitching throughout the rest of the scene, but the producers were asked to leave it out early in the film's development. Another deleted concept was that in the "Our Family Memories" video, Joker's apron was originally going to say "Kill the Cook", rather than the final's "Kiss the Cook", and the table was supposed to have surgical tools rather than the final's bagels, plungers, and cream cheese, but it was changed due being too gruesome.

text: Re-editing[edit]

text: This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The film was initially released amid the backlash against violence in films and video games aimed at children that followed the Columbine High School massacre, in which Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 12 students and one teacher before committing suicide on April 20, 1999. As a result, the film was substantially re-edited shortly before release on December 12, 2000, to reduce the violence. The original unedited version was eventually released as "The Original Uncut Version" on April 23, 2002.

text: The following are scenes that were changed in the edited-for-content version:

text:
References to death and killing were removed from character dialogue, leaving most of it implied. For example, in the edited version, Commissioner Barbara Gordon's line at the end of the flashback, "We buried the Joker deep beneath Arkham", was removed to avoid any reference to death and burial of the dead.
The opening fight sequence was trimmed, cutting a second Dee Dee kick and a taser attack explaining Batman's subsequent vision malfunction. Also removed was a 360-degree fight sequence in which Batman fends off the Jokerz one by one.
White flashes were added to the action sequences. Additionally, repeated punches were mostly trimmed to one punch.
After the opening credits, Bruce Wayne throws a batarang that beheads a wax statue of Two-Face in the Batcave. This scene was cut and only shows the batarang returning to Bruce.
After Bonk yells at the Joker that his time is over and he is a fake, the Joker replies, "Ah, brave new world... that has such putzes in it." "Putzes" was changed to "yutzes" in the edited version, since "putz" is a Yiddish word that means "dick" as well as "fool". However, the subtitles for the DVD of the edited version still use "putzes".
Bonk was not shot with Joker's flag-spear gun, but instead was given a dose of Joker laughing gas, taking his implied death off-screen. As a result, the following loyalty oath sequence was cut.
Blood was removed in the edited version.
The scene in which Joker cuts Batman with a knife, then stabs him in the leg, was in the uncut version, which explained how Bruce got his limp and why he needed his cane for support,[7] although he walks normally, without the limp, prior to retiring as Batman in the episode "Rebirth". In the edited version, Joker punches Batman, though the knife can still be seen in the Joker's hand and the hole it made in Batman's costume is still visible.
After the Joker attacks Bruce in the Batcave, when Terry returns to the cave, he finds "Ha! Ha! Ha!" painted on the ground. In the uncut version, it has a blood red color. In the edited version, it had a dark purple color.
In the uncut version, one scene has Batman throwing a knife he uses to cut himself free from the red strings at the Joker. In the edited version, the knife was removed, but the sound of the knife cutting through the strings can still be heard and the hole it makes in the curtain can still be seen.
The Joker's death scene was heavily edited. In the original, Tim fires the Joker's "BANG!" flag/spear gun at the Joker and the projectile pierces his heart, killing him. In the edited version, the gun is full of Joker gas and Tim does not use it. Instead he pushes the Joker into a room with hanging electrical wires and two tanks of water. The Joker crashes into one, and the wires slip down. The Joker runs forward to get Tim, but slips and turns on the wires, electrocuting himself. In addition, the setup lines were changed. In the original uncut version, Joker tells Tim to "make daddy proud, deliver the punch line". After the edit and the changing of the gun from a spear gun to a Joker gas gun, the line became "make him one of us", which is also his new "last words".
During the scene where Batman and Batgirl go searching for Robin, the uncut version shows Batgirl questioning two women about Robin's whereabouts. In the edited version, it is Martin LeBeau (from the Superman: The Animated Series episode "Feeding Time") with a woman. This scene may have been edited because the women were implied to be prostitutes.
When the Jokerz visit Pryce on the Wayne Enterprises yacht, a suggestive scene in which one of the Dennis sisters lies on a bed was cut from the unrated version.
Seatbelts were added around characters in vehicles. There were no seatbelts in the original version.
When Terry visits Bruce's dog Ace after the Joker's attack on Wayne Manor, Ace is watching a Bugs Bunny cartoon called Hare Ribbin'. A character in the cartoon repeatedly shouts "I wish I were dead!" This audio was cut from the censored version.
In the "Our Family Memories" segment of the film, the uncut version depicts the Joker pulling out electrical cables to torture Robin. This brief sequence is cut from the censored version.
Joker's line, "I'll begin with how I peeled back the layers of the boy's mind," in the uncut version is changed to "I'll begin with how I affected young Robin's makeover" in the edited version.
When Bruce and Terry are discussing the destroyed Robin suit, Bruce's line "Robin did shoot him" was changed to "Robin defeated him" in the edited version.
As Joker is about to destroy Wayne Manor with the satellite beam, he asks Terry "any last words for the old Batfart?" "Batfart" was changed to "Batcoot" in the edited version.
During the scene where the elderly Harley Quinn bails Dee Dee out of jail, her clothes are different colors. In the original version, her clothes are blue and purple. In the edited version, her clothes are red and black like her original jester outfit.

text: Connections to the television series[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
In the Batman Beyond episode "Joyride", the Jokerz used the Joker's remains for their initiation ritual. A deleted scene in the film would have involved Bruce Wayne checking these remains to ascertain whether or not the original Joker was really dead. Wayne finds the body suspended over the Arkham Operating Theatre with a note pinned to the chest reading "I know".
Enhanced versions of the Jokerz seen in Return of the Joker later appear in the Justice League Unlimited episode "The Once and Future Thing: Part II—Time Warped", thanks to the actions of supervillain Chronos. Terry is killed by the Jokerz but Green Lantern and the original Batman manage to subdue Chronos and put things right, therefore restoring Terry and returning the Jokerz to normal.
In continuity, Return of the Joker appears to be set after the Batman Beyond episode "King's Ransom", where Paxton Powers is arrested, leaving Wayne-Powers up for grabs. However, the film could take place after the entire series, because none of the plot elements are followed up, and no mention is made of the Joker or Tim Drake during the third season until the Static Shock episode "Future Shock" and the Justice League Unlimited episode "Epilogue". Producer Bruce Timm has reportedly stated that the events in the flashback take place at the end of the current DC animated universe timeline, which is after the Justice League Unlimited series finale "Destroyer", but before the Batman Beyond series premiere "Rebirth". However, Batman, Batgirl, Robin, and Harley Quinn all retain their The New Batman Adventures designs, while the Joker appears in his Static Shock and Justice League design.
In the Justice League Unlimited episode "Epilogue", it is revealed that the genetics technology used by the Joker have been stolen from Project Cadmus.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
October 17, 2000

Genre
Rock

Length
38:13

Label
Rhino Records

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[8]

text: Released on October 17, 2000, the soundtrack to Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker contains music composed by Kristopher Carter, as well as two tracks of music featured in the direct-to-video film.

text: All tracks written by Kristopher Carter.

text:
No.
Title
Performers
Length

1.
"Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (Main Title)"
Kristopher Carter
02:10

2.
"Industrial Heist"
Kristopher Carter
03:48

3.
"Meet the Joker"
Kristopher Carter
02:47

4.
"Joker Crashes Bruce's Party"
Kristopher Carter
01:19

5.
"Terry Relieved of Duty"
Kristopher Carter
01:54

6.
"Nightclub Fight / Terry Rescues Bruce"
Kristopher Carter
04:39

7.
"A Trap for Tim"
Kristopher Carter
01:26

8.
"Joker Family Portrait"
Kristopher Carter
02:05

9.
"Arkham Mayhem"
Kristopher Carter
03:31

10.
"Batman Defeats the Jokerz"
Kristopher Carter
01:36

11.
"Joker Meets His End (Again)"
Kristopher Carter
04:21

12.
"Healing Old Wounds"
Kristopher Carter
02:03

13.
"Crash (The Humble Brothers Remix)"
Mephisto Odyssey (feat. Static-X)
03:26

14.
"Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (End Title)"
Kenny Wayne Shepherd
03:02

Total length:
38:13

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received critical acclaim. It holds an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[9]

text: Nisha Gopalan of Entertainment Weekly praised the uncut version of the film, in particular how it "sheds light on the dark, obsessive relationship between the villain and his vigilante counterpart."[10] Gerry Shamray of Sun Newspapers said that Return of the Joker "would have made a great live-action Batman movie."[11] Ryan Cracknell of Apollo Guide called the film "an animated masterpiece."[12]

text: Peter Canavese of Groucho Reviews called it an "energetic and unsettling Batman adventure," adding that it "provides a memorable showcase for Hamill's celebrated take on the Joker, and allows both McGinnis and Wayne to see action and face emotional challenges."[13] Michael Stailey of DVD Verdict gave the uncut version a score of 92 out of 100, calling it "a taut, high-impact film" and "a must-buy to Bat-fans and animation lovers alike."[14]

text: Garth Franklin of Dark Horizons had a mixed response when reviewing the uncut version, saying that "the script is pretty solid, the animation superb, and the voice performances all work well," but added that "the Terry character's personal scenes aren't anywhere near as engaging [as the scenes featuring the Joker or Bruce Wayne], and the investigative subplot doesn't work as well as it should."[15] Jeremy Conrad of IGN gave the uncut version a score of nine out of 10 for the movie itself, six out of 10 each for video and audio, and eight out of 10 for extras, adding up to an overall score of seven out of 10.[16]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Subject
Result

Annie Award
Best Animated Home Entertainment Production
Won

Directing in a Feature Production
Curt Geda
Nominated

Writing in a Feature Production
Paul Dini
Nominated

Glen Murakami
Nominated

Bruce Timm
Nominated

Voice Acting in a Feature Production
Mark Hamill
Nominated

DVD Exclusive Award
Best Animated Character Performance
Won

text: Comic adaptation[edit]

text: The comic adaption of the film was released in February 2001. While the comic was largely uncensored, the page depicting the Joker's death was redone to match the uncensored version of the movie.[17]

text: The comic includes several scenes that did not make it to either version of the film. Two examples are:

text:
During Bruce's visit to the remains of Arkham Asylum to find clues to the Joker's return, he unknowingly is followed by Terry. The Joker's body is hanging from the ceiling, with a written note on his body saying "I Know". Storyboard drawings, however, do appear as deleted scenes, which were present in both versions of the DVD as part of the special features.
Batman's interrogation of the Penguin (similar to a scene of the novel Batman: The Killing Joke) in the flashback was cut from the movie due to time and pacing concerns, as confirmed in the commentary.
Harley's death from the original script is used.


document_title: New Delhi

question_text: who changed indian capital from calcutta to delhi

question_tokens: who changed indian capital from calcutta to delhi

text: New Delhi

text: History[edit]

text: Establishment[edit]

text: Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911.

text: Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi.[8] The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India.[8]

text: The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894.[9]

text: On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his Consort, made the announcement[10][11] that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp.[12][13] The foundation stone[14] of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker, both leading 20th-century British architects.[15] The contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort. Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy.[16] Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations.[17][18]

text: Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself.[19] Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site.[20] A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.

text: In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone.[21] Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along the Yamuna river, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931.[22][23] As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD).[24]

text: After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently, housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s.[25] Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.[26]

text: Post-independence[edit]

text: After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi.[27] A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.

text: The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around a wide central vista, Shanti Path.[28]

text: Geography[edit]

text: With a total area of 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area.[29] Since the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravali Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes.[30]

text: Seismology[edit]

text: New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.

text: Climate[edit]

text: The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 48.4 °C (119.1 °F) on June 28, 1883 while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) on January 11, 1967, both of which are recorded at Indira Gandhi International Airport (formerly known as Palam Airport).[31] The average annual rainfall is 714 millimetres (28.1 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.[32]

text:
[hide]Climate data for New Delhi (Safdarjung) 1981–2010

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
30.0
(86)
34.1
(93.4)
40.6
(105.1)
45.6
(114.1)
47.2
(117)
46.7
(116.1)
45.0
(113)
42.0
(107.6)
40.6
(105.1)
39.4
(102.9)
36.1
(97)
29.3
(84.7)
47.2
(117)

Average high °C (°F)
20.5
(68.9)
23.9
(75)
29.6
(85.3)
36.3
(97.3)
39.5
(103.1)
39.2
(102.6)
35.4
(95.7)
34.1
(93.4)
34.1
(93.4)
32.8
(91)
28.2
(82.8)
23.1
(73.6)
31.4
(88.5)

Average low °C (°F)
7.6
(45.7)
10.4
(50.7)
15.6
(60.1)
21.3
(70.3)
25.8
(78.4)
27.9
(82.2)
27.4
(81.3)
26.6
(79.9)
25.0
(77)
19.1
(66.4)
12.9
(55.2)
8.3
(46.9)
19.0
(66.2)

Record low °C (°F)
−0.6
(30.9)
1.6
(34.9)
4.4
(39.9)
10.7
(51.3)
15.2
(59.4)
18.9
(66)
20.3
(68.5)
20.7
(69.3)
17.3
(63.1)
9.4
(48.9)
3.9
(39)
1.1
(34)
−0.6
(30.9)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
19.3
(0.76)
22.1
(0.87)
15.9
(0.626)
13.0
(0.512)
31.5
(1.24)
82.2
(3.236)
187.3
(7.374)
232.5
(9.154)
129.8
(5.11)
14.3
(0.563)
4.9
(0.193)
9.4
(0.37)
762.3
(30.012)

Average rainy days
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
4.6
9.4
9.8
5.5
1.0
0.5
0.9
40.1

Average relative humidity (%)
63
55
47
34
33
46
70
73
62
52
55
62
54

Mean monthly sunshine hours
214.6
216.1
239.1
261.0
263.1
196.5
165.9
177.0
219.0
269.3
247.2
215.8
2,684.6

Source #1: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[31][33]

Source #2: NOAA (extremes, sun and humidity, 1971–1990)[34]

text: Air quality[edit]

text: In recent Mercer's 2015 annual quality-of-living survey, New Delhi ranks at number 154 out of 230 cities due to bad air quality and pollution.[35][36] The World Health Organization ranked New Delhi as the world's worst polluted city in 2014 among about 1,600 cities the organisation tracked around the world.[37][38][39][40] In 2016, United States Environmental Protection Agency listed New Delhi as the most polluted city on Earth.[41][42]

text: In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worse during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. In addition, trucks were to be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 pm, two hours later than the existing restriction.[40] The driving restriction scheme was planned to be implemented as a trial from 1 January 2016 for an initial period of 15 days. The restriction was in force between 8 am and 8 pm, and traffic was not restricted on Sundays.[43] Public transportation service was increased during the restriction period.[40]

text: On 16 December 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until 31 March 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by 1 March 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital.[44]

text: Analysing real-time vehicle speed data from Uber Delhi revealed that during the odd-even program, average speeds went up by a statistically significant 5.4 per cent (2.8 standard deviation from normal). This means vehicles have lesser idling time in traffic and vehicle engines would run closer to minimum fuel consumption.[45] "In bordering areas, PM 2.5 levels were recorded more than 400 (ug/m3) while in inner areas in Delhi, they were recorded between 150 and 210 on an average."[46] However, the subcity of Dwarka, located in the southwest district, has a substantially low level of air pollution. At the NSIT University campus, located in sector 3 Dwarka, pollution levels were as low as 93 PPM.[citation needed]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: New Delhi has a population of 257,803.[2] Hindi is the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes.[47] New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.[48]

text: Religion[edit]

text: Except for Hinduism, the proportions of other religions are different and relatively lower in New Delhi as compared to entire NCT.[49] According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the religion of 89.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities of Muslims (4.5%), Christians (2.9%), Sikhs (2.0%), Jains (0.4%).[49] Other religious groups include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews.[50]

text:
Religion in New Delhi (NDMC)[49][51]

Religion

Percent

Hinduism

89.82%

Islam

4.50%

Christianity

2.93%

Sikhism

1.97%

Jainism

0.42%

Others

0.36%

text: Government[edit]

text: The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.

text: As of 2015[update], the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government.

text: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.[52]

text: New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi.

text: Economy[edit]

text: New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of ₹1,595 billion (US$25 billion) in nominal terms and ~₹6,800 billion (US$110 billion) in PPP terms.[53] As of 2013[update], the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the current prices for 2012–13 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion (short scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011–12.[54]

text: Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.

text: The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.[55] New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.[56]

text: The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 830.85 billion (for the year 2004–05)[57] and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($1,200).[57] In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs. 116,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs. 135,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.[57]

text: The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011–12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 trillion (short scale), which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.[58]

text: Culture[edit]

text: New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.[59] The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.[60][61]

text: Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Durga Puja, Mahavir Jayanti, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Raksha Bandhan, Christmas and Chhath Puja .[61] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.[62] Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.

text: There are also a number of Iglesia ni Cristo members, most of them Filipinos and some Indians who are married to the members.

text: In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.

text: Historic sites, museums and gardens[edit]

text: New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48[63] was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.[64]

text: The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.[65] It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.[65]The monument is barricaded now with entry to inside arch restricted.

text: The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. The Beating retreat takes place here 2 days later.

text: Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.

text: Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.

text: New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum.[66] and Supreme Court of India Museum.[67]

text: In the coming years, a new National War Memorial and Museum will be constructed in New Delhi[68][69] for ₹4,000 million (US$62 million).[70][71]

text: New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city.

text: The New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) area was declared the cleanest in North India, based on solid waste management, access to sanitation and other parameters of cleanliness, under the zone-wise Swachh Survekshan 2017.[72]

text: Transport[edit]

text: Air[edit]

text: Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012–13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers,[76][77] making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$1.5 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually.[78]

text: The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India.[79] The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses,[79] and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.[80]

text: In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International.[81] The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International.[82] Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.[83]

text: Road[edit]

text: New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in India and average vehicle speed is around 15-20 kmph in peak hours in the city.[84]

text: Important Roads in New Delhi

text: Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of New Delhi's road infrastructure:

text:
Inner Ring Road is one of the most important "state highways" in New Delhi. It is a 51 km long circular road, which connects important areas in New Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-free.
Outer Ring Road is another major artery in New Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi.
The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway) is an eight-laned access controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi and Delhi to Noida (an important satellite city of Uttar Pradesh). The acronym DND stands for "Delhi-Noida Direct".
'The Delhi Gurgaon Expressway is a 28 km (17 mi) expressway connecting New Delhi to Gurgaon, an important satellite city of Haryana.
The Delhi Faridabad Skyway is controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi to Faridabad, an important satellite city of Haryana.

text: National Highways passing through New Delhi

text: New Delhi is connected by road to the rest of India through National highways:

text:
National Highway 19 (India) (old number: NH 2), commonly referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a busy Indian National Highway that runs through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
National Highway 44 (India) is a National Highway that connects Srinagar with Kanyakumari and passes through Delhi.
National Highway 48 (India) is a National Highway that connects New Delhi with Chennai.
National Highway 9 (India) is a National Highway that connects Malout in Punjab to Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand and passes through Delhi.

text: Railway[edit]

text:
Station Name
Station Code
Railway Zone
Total Platforms

New Delhi
NDLS
Northern Railway
16

Old Delhi
DLI
Northern Railway
16

Hazrat Nizamuddin
NZM
Northern Railway
7

Anand Vihar Terminal
ANVT
Northern Railway
7

Delhi Sarai Rohilla
DEE
Northern Railway
7

text: New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.[85] The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of December 2016, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 213 km (132 mi) and 160 stations. Several other lines are under construction and expected to be commissioned in 2017 adding another 150 km length.[86] It carries almost 3 million passengers every day.[87] In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.[88]

text: Metro[edit]

text: The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. Presently, the Delhi Metro network consists of 213 kilometres (132 miles) of track, with 160 stations along with six more stations of the Airport Express Link. The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach NOIDA and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh, Gurgaon and faridabad in Haryana. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.According to a study, Delhi Metro has helped in removing about 390,000 vehicles from the streets of Delhi.

text: Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro.

text: Cityscape[edit]

text: Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial ambitions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath (Hindi: "Path of the People"), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. 19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: "Path of Peace"), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India.[89]

text: At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.

text: Architecture[edit]

text: The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.[18][90][91] All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.[65][90]

text: It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911.[92] Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.[65]

text: Sports[edit]

text: The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested[93] in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games .[94]

text: Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.

text:
Club
Sport
League
Venue
Span

Delhi Daredevils
Cricket
IPL
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground
2008–present

Delhi Wizards
Field hockey
WSH
Dhyan Chand National Stadium
2011–present

Delhi Waveriders
Field hockey
HIL
Dhyan Chand National Stadium
2013–present

Delhi Acers
Badminton
PBL
DDA Badminton and Squash Stadium
2015–present

Dabang Delhi
Kabaddi
PKL
Thyagaraj Sports Complex
2014–present

Delhi Dynamos FC
Football
ISL
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
2014–present

Indian Aces
Tennis
IPTL
Indira Gandhi Arena
2014–present

Dilli Veer
Wrestling
PWL
K. D. Jadhav Wrestling Stadium
2015–present

text: Aerial view of New Delhi[edit]

text: International relations and organisations[edit]

text: The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi.[95] New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, ILO, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS. UNHCR Representation in India is also located in the city.

text: New Delhi hosts 145 foreign embassies and high commissions.

text: New Delhi hosted the 7th NAM Summit in 1983, 4th BRICS Summit[96] in 2012 and the IBSA Summit in 2015.[97][98] It will also host 5th Global Conference on CyberSpace in November 2017.[99][100]

text: Sister cities[edit]

text:
Moscow, Russia[101]
 Beijing, China (2013)[102]
 Samarkand, Uzbekistan