question_text: who wrote may the bird of paradise fly up your nose

text:
"May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose"

Single by Little Jimmy Dickens

from the album May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose

B-side
"My Eyes Are Jealous"

Released
September 7, 1965

Format
7" single

Genre
Country

Length
2:28

Label
Columbia

Songwriter(s)
Neal Merritt

Producer(s)
Don Law
Frank Jones

Little Jimmy Dickens singles chronology

"He Stands Real Tall"
(1965)
"May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose"
(1965)
"When the Ship Hit the Sand"
(1966)

"He Stands Real Tall"
(1965)
"May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose"
(1965)
"When the Ship Hit the Sand"
(1966)

text: "May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose" is a 1965 novelty song performed by Little Jimmy Dickens. It was Dickens' most successful single on the U.S. country music chart. It spent two weeks at No. 1 that November, and stayed on the chart for a total of 18 weeks.[1] On the overall Billboard Hot 100 the song peaked at No. 15.[2]

text: The song, written by Neal Merritt, was inspired by one of the many comic putdowns uttered by host Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show.[3]

text: Content[edit]

text: The song features three verses, each of which mentions an incident where Dickens (the narrator) acts in a cheap and/or rude manner that insults the other person:

text:
In the first verse, Dickens sees a beggar and proceeds to give him only a penny.
In the second verse, Dickens gets a call from his laundryman, who returns $100 that Dickens left in his clothes. Dickens gives him 10 cents, to compensate him for the phone call.
In the final verse, Dickens asks a cabdriver to rush so he can catch a train; the driver is ticketed for speeding, while Dickens stands by, waiting for the change from his fare.

text: The chorus is an insult, said back to Dickens, for his cheapness.

text: The distinctive guitar work was done by Grady Martin, using the brand new Echoplex unit which had just been released.

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1965)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles
1

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
15

U.S. Billboard Easy Listening[4]
8

Canadian RPM Top Singles
4


document_title: How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

question_text: who is the narrator in the grinch movie

question_tokens: who is the narrator in the grinch movie

root

text: Plot[edit]

text: The people in Whoville enjoy celebrating Christmas with much happiness and joy, except the Grinch, who despises Christmas and the Whos. He occasionally pulls dangerous and harmful practical jokes on them with vengeance. As a result, no one likes or cares for the Grinch. Meanwhile, six-year-old Cindy Lou believes everyone is missing the point about Christmas by being more concerned about the gifts and festivities. After her two brothers are scared off by the Grinch when they trespass on his house's propriety and tried of make a fool out of him, and she herself has a face-to-face encounter with the Grinch at the post office, in which he reluctantly saves her life, Cindy Lou becomes interested in his history. She then asks everyone what they know about him, and soon discovers that he has a tragic past.

tag: p

text: The Grinch actually arrived in Whoville by mistake when he was a baby, and was adopted by two elderly sisters. Although he showed some sadistic tendencies as a child, he was rather good and timid, not as cruel as he would later become. He was bullied by his classmates because of his appearance, with the exception of Martha May Whovier, whom both the Grinch and May Who had feelings for. One Christmas season, when he was eight, the Grinch made a gift for Martha, but attempted to shave his face after being made fun of for having a "beard", cutting himself by accident. When his classmates saw his face covered with shaving tape the next morning, Augustus and others ridiculed him. He lost his temper, trashed the classroom, and fled to live on Mount Crumpit, a mountain north of Whoville.

text: Cindy Lou, inspired by this story, decides to make the Grinch the main participant of the Whobilation, much to the displeasure of Mayor May Who, who reluctantly agrees after pressure from the townspeople, who have been warmed by Cindy Lou's generous spirit. When Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit and offers an invitation to the Grinch, he turns her down. He gradually changes his mind due to the promise of an award, the presence of Martha at the celebration and the chance to upset the Mayor. Just as the Grinch is enjoying himself, May Who gives him an electric shaver as a present, reminding him of his awful humiliation at school. May Who then asks Martha to marry him, promising her a new car in return. In response, the Grinch berates the Whos, and criticizes Christmas, claiming that the holiday is only about gifts that they will just dispose of later, in the hopes of making them too ashamed to celebrate the holiday. The Grinch then goes on to ruin the party by burning the Christmas tree with a makeshift flamethrower, but his actions prove to be fruitless as the Whos have a spare tree, which the Grinch sees them erect before he leaves. May Who then accuses Cindy Lou for inviting the Grinch, making her feel ashamed.

text: The Grinch, knowing that his attack has failed to remove the Whos' Christmas spirit, instead concocts a plan to steal all of their presents while they are sleeping. Creating a Santa suit and sleigh with his own dog Max as a "reindeer", the Grinch arrives at Whoville, stealing all of the Whos' Christmas gifts. He is almost discovered by Cindy Lou, but lies to her in order to escape. On Christmas morning, the Whos discover the Grinch's scheme, and May Who blames Cindy Lou for the whole thing. However, her father, Lou Lou Who, the Whoville postmaster, finally stands up to him, and reminds everyone that they still have Christmas spirit, and that the principal meaning of Christmas is to spend it with family and friends. The people accept his fate and begin to sing. Hoping that the change of mood would inspire the Grinch, Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit to find him.

text: The Grinch intends to push the stolen gifts off the top of the mountain. However, he hears the joyful singing of the Whos. Infuriated over the failure of his plan, the Grinch has an epiphany about what Christmas is really about: not material gifts, but spending time with loved ones, an insight that profoundly inspires him, and causes his heart to grow to three times its original size. When the sleigh full of stolen gifts begins to go over the edge of the cliff, the Grinch desperately tries to save them to no avail. However, when he realizes that Cindy Lou has come to wish him a merry Christmas and is in danger of falling off the cliff with the sleigh, the Grinch finds enough strength to lift the sleigh, the gifts, and Cindy Lou to safety. The Grinch returns to Whoville with Max, Cindy, and the gifts. He confesses to the burglary, tearfully apologizes for his actions towards the Whos, and surrenders himself to the police as they arrive, but the Whos reconcile with him, much to May Who's dismay. Martha turns down May Who's proposal and decides that she would rather stay with the Grinch instead. The redeemed Grinch (along with Max) starts a new life with the Whos, commemorating the Christmas feast with them in his cave.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jim Carrey as The Grinch, a misanthropic green creature who despises Christmas and the Whos of Whoville. It is revealed in his origin story that he started to hate Christmas after his school classmates humiliated him when he tried to shave his face. Before Jim Carrey was cast to play the Grinch, Jack Nicholson and Eddie Murphy were briefly considered.[3][4]

Josh Ryan Evans as an 8-year-old Grinch; his humiliation at school by May Who is what drives him into a hatred of Christmas.

Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who, a young Who who thinks the Christmas spirit in Whoville is lost. (In this version, she is six years old, whereas in the book in 1957 and TV special in 1966 by Chuck Jones she was "no more than two").
Jeffrey Tambor as Mayor Augustus May Who, Whoville's rude, arrogant, judgmental, and greedy mayor. He is revealed to be a school bully who picked on the young Grinch over his shaved face, which is what motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas in the first place. He also denounces the Grinch every chance he gets and wants to have a Grinch-less Christmas.

Ben Bookbinder as an 8-year-old Augustus May Who; he tormented the young Grinch, which then motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas.

Christine Baranski as Martha May Whovier, The Grinch's lifelong crush and the romantic interest of Mayor Who. She ultimately rejects the Mayor and chooses the Grinch.

Landry Allbright as an 8-year-old Martha May Whovier. She shows compassion towards the young Grinch.

Bill Irwin as Lou Lou Who, Cindy Lou's father and the postman of Whoville.
Molly Shannon as Betty Lou Who, Cindy Lou's mother and a rival to Martha May in a house-lighting contest.
Kelley as Max, who is The Grinch's pet dog and only companion on Mt. Crumpit. It is unknown how or when The Grinch got him.

Frank Welker as the voice of Max

Clint Howard as Whobris, the mayor's sycophantic aide.

Reid Kirchenbauer as an 8-year-old Whobris.

Mindy Sterling as Clarnella Who, one of the Grinch's childhood caretakers.
Rachel Winfree as Rose Who, one of the Grinch's childhood caretakers.
Jeremy Howard and T. J. Thyne as Drew Lou and Stu Lou Who, troublesome sons of Lou and Betty, and brothers to Cindy Lou.
Jim Meskimen as Officer Wholihan, the chief of police.
Lacey Kohl and Nadja Pionilla as Christina Whoterberry and Junie, Drew and Stu's girlfriends.
Mary Stein as Miss Rue Who, the school teacher.
Verne Troyer as Band Member
Bryce Dallas Howard as surprised Who.
Anthony Hopkins as The Narrator.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Before his death in 1991, Dr. Seuss had refused offers to sell the film rights to his books. However, his widow, Audrey Geisel, agreed to several merchandising deals, including clothing lines, accessories, and CDs.[5] In July 1998, Geisel's agents announced via letter she would auction the film rights of How the Grinch Stole Christmas. In order to pitch their ideas to Geisel, the suitors ultimately had to be willing to pay $5 million for the material, and hand over 4 percent of the box-office gross, 50 percent of the merchandising revenue and music-related material, and 70 percent of the income from book tie-ins. The letter also stated that "any actor submitted for the Grinch must be of comparable stature to Jack Nicholson, Jim Carrey, Robin Williams and Dustin Hoffman." Additionally, it was stipulated that the estate would not consider a director or writer who hadn't earned at least $1 million on a previous picture.[6]

text: 20th Century Fox pitched its version with director Tom Shadyac and producers Dave Phillips and John Davis in attendance, in which Jack Nicholson was in mind to play the Grinch.[7] Additionally, the Farrelly brothers and John Hughes pitched their separate versions.[8] Universal Pictures held its pitch presentation with Brian Grazer and Gary Ross in attendance, but Geisel refused such offer. Grazer then enlisted his producing partner Ron Howard to help with the negotiations. At the time, Howard was developing a film adaptation of The Sea Wolf, and did not express interest in Grinch, but Grazer talked Howard into traveling to Geisel's residence for the pitch meeting.[9] While studying the book, Howard became interested in the character, Cindy Lou Who, and pitched a film in which she would have a larger role, as well as a materialistic representation of the Whos and an expanded backstory of the Grinch.[6][10]

text: On September 16, 1998, it was announced that Howard would direct and co-produce a live-action adaptation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas with Jim Carrey attached to star.[11] It was also reported that Universal Pictures, who had acquired the distribution rights, paid $9 million for the film rights for an adaptation of Grinch and Oh, the Places You'll Go to Audrey Geisel.[12] Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote the final screenplay following eight drafts, but Geisel also had veto power over the script. She objected to several jokes and sexual innuendos in the screenplay, some including about one family who did not have a Christmas tree or presents jokingly called the "Who-steins" and the placement of a stuffed trophy of the Cat in the Hat on the Grinch's wall.[13] Alec Berg, David Mandel and Jeff Schaffer did an uncredited rewrite of the script.[14]

text: The film was shot between September 1999 and January 2000. Dr. Seuss' wife, Audrey, visited the set in October 1999. Much of the Whoville set was constructed on the backlot of Universal Studios behind the Bates Motel. During a break in filming, Jim Carrey scared tourists on the Studio Tour by running out of the motel in a dress and brandishing a knife.[citation needed] Despite this, none of the Universal employees and tourists on the tour recognized him. Jim Carrey's Grinch suit was covered in yak hair, which was dyed green, and sewed onto a spandex suit. The first application of the makeup took eight hours, after which a frustrated Carrey kicked a hole in the wall of his trailer, wanting to quit the film. The production brought in CIA operative who instructed agents how to endure extreme torture techniques to coach Carrey to remain calm during the process.[15] The process was later refined so that it took only three hours in the morning getting in, and one hour in the evening to get out. In total, Carrey spent 92 days in the Grinch make-up, and became a "Zen Master" while sitting in the make-up chair.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Kids Today" – Jim Carrey and Taylor Momsen *
"Grinch 2000" – Busta Rhymes and Jim Carrey
"Green Christmas" – Barenaked Ladies
"Christmas of Love" – Little Isidore and the Inquisitors
"Lonely Christmas Eve" – Ben Folds
"Grinch Schedule" – Jim Carrey *
"Better Do It Right" – Smash Mouth
"Whoville Medley" (Perfect Christmas Night/Grinch) – Trans-Siberian Orchestra
"Reindeer" – Jim Carrey *
"Christmas Is Going to the Dogs" – The Eels
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" – Jim Carrey
"Christmas Means More" – Anthony Hopkins and Jim Carrey *
"You Don't Have to Be Alone" – *NSYNC
"Where Are You, Christmas?" – Faith Hill
"The Shape of Things to Come" – James Horner
"Memories of a Green Childhood" – James Horner +
"Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?" – James Horner and Taylor Momsen
"Stealing Christmas" – Anthony Hopkins, James Horner, Jim Carrey, and Taylor Momsen ~
"The Big Heist" – James Horner +
"Does Cindy Lou Really Ruin Christmas?" – James Horner +
"A Change of Heart" – James Horner +
"The Sleigh of Presents" – James Horner +
"He Carves the Roast Beast" – James Horner ^

tag: ol

text:
Legend:
*Dialogue
+ Instrumental
~ Includes Narration and Dialogue
^ Includes "Welcome Christmas"

text: Release[edit]

text: How the Grinch Stole Christmas grossed $260.0 million domestically and $85.1 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $345.1 million, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of 2000.

text: In the United States, The Grinch opened at number-one on its opening day, making $15.6 million, with a weekend gross of $55.0 million, for an average of $17,615 from 3,127 theaters. The film still holds the record for the highest opening weekend for a Christmas-themed film. In its second weekend, the film grossed $52.1 million, dropping only 5.1%, settling a new record for highest-grossing second weekend for any film. The film stayed at the top of the box office for four weekends, until it was overtaken by What Women Want in mid-December. The Grinch closed on April 30, 2001, after five months, with a final gross of $260,044,825.[1] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 48.1 million tickets in North America.[16] The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 20, 2001. The extended version on VHS and DVD is released on October 29, 2002. The network TV version was premiered in November 30, 2003. A Blu-ray/DVD combo pack was released on October 13, 2009.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 53%; the critical consensus reads, "Jim Carrey shines as the Grinch. Unfortunately, it's not enough to save this movie. You'd be better off watching the TV cartoon."[17] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 46 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[18]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, referring to it as "a dank, eerie, weird movie about a sour creature" and said, "There should be...a jollier production design and a brighter look overall... It's just not much fun." Ebert observed that Carrey "works as hard as an actor has ever worked in a movie, to small avail." Nevertheless, he decided that "adults may appreciate Carrey's remarkable performance in an intellectual sort of way and give him points for what was obviously a supreme effort."[19]

text: Paul Clinton of CNN declared that Carrey "was born to play this role" and noted that "Carrey carries nearly every scene. In fact, if he's not in the scene, there is no scene.[20] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly began his review of the film analyzing the Grinch's "mischievously divided, now-I'm-calm/ now-I'm-a-raving-sarcastic-PSYCH-o! personality" and summed up Carrey's Grinch as "a slobby, self-loathing elitist ruled by the secret fear that he's always being left out of things." Gleiberman expressed surprise at "how affecting Carrey makes the Grinch's ultimate big-hearted turnaround, as Carrey the actor sneaks up on Carrey the wild-man dervish. In whichever mode, he carreys  [sic] the movie."[21]

text: Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle said, "Nobody could play the Grinch better than Jim Carrey, whose rubbery antics and maniacal sense of mischief are so well suited to How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss himself might have turned to Carrey as a model for the classic curmudgeon had the actor been around in 1957." However, he wondered why Carrey "made himself sound like Sean Connery" and warned that the character's intensity may frighten small children.[22] James Berardinelli of ReelViews wrote that Carrey's "off-the-wall performance is reminiscent of what he accomplished in The Mask, except that here he never allows the special effects to upstage him. Carrey's Grinch is a combination of Seuss' creation and Carrey's personality, with a voice that sounds far more like a weird amalgamation of Sean Connery and Jim Backus (Bond meets Magoo!) than it does Karloff." He concluded that Carrey "brings animation to the live action, and, surrounded by glittering, fantastical sets and computer-spun special effects, Carrey enables Ron Howard's version of the classic story to come across as more of a welcome endeavor than a pointless re-tread."[23]

text: Some reviews were more middling. Stephanie Zacharek of Salon, in a generally negative review of the film, wrote, "Carrey pulls off an admirable impersonation of an animated figure ... It’s fine as mimicry goes — but mimicry isn't the best playground for comic genius. Shouldn't we be asking more of a man who's very likely the most gifted comic actor of his generation?" She concluded that in spite of "a few terrific ad-libs [...] his jokes come off as nothing more than a desperate effort to inject some offbeat humor into an otherwise numbingly unhip, nonsensical and just plain dull story."[24]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "Carrey tries out all sorts of intonations, vocal pitches and delivery styles, his tough guy posturing reminding at times of Cagney and his sibilant S's recalling Bogart. His antic gesturing and face-making hit the mark at times, but at other moments seem arbitrary and scattershot. Furthermore, his free-flowing tirades, full of catch-all allusions and references, are pitched for adult appreciation and look destined to sail right over the heads of pre-teens."[25]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Despite receiving mixed reviews, the film was still able to be nominated for as well as win several awards. It garnered three Academy Award nominations, including Best Costume Design (Rita Ryack) and Best Art Direction (Michael Corenblith and Merideth Boswell), and nominees Rick Baker and Gail Rowell-Ryan won the Academy Award for Best Makeup. At the Golden Globes, Carrey was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, losing the award to George Clooney for O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

text: It also won the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Movie Actor at the 2001 Kids' Choice Awards. The film won a Saturn Award for Best Music and a Saturn Award for Best Make-Up. However, it was also nominated for two 2000 Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Screenplay, but lost to Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 and Battlefield Earth respectively.[citation needed]

text: Carrey's performance earned him a Best Villain at 2001 MTV Movie Awards.


question_text: where was three billboards outside ebbing missouri film

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the town of Ebbing, Missouri, Mildred Hayes is grieving the rape and murder of her teenage daughter, Angela, seven months earlier. Angry over the lack of progress in the investigation, Mildred rents three abandoned billboards near her home, and posts on them: "Raped While Dying", "Still No Arrests?", and "How Come, Chief Willoughby?" The billboards upset the townspeople, including Chief Bill Willoughby and Officer Jason Dixon, the latter being a racist and a violent alcoholic. The open secret that Willoughby suffers from terminal pancreatic cancer adds to everyone's disapproval. Mildred and her son Robbie are harassed and threatened, but to Robbie's chagrin, she stays firm about keeping the billboards up.

text: While Willoughby is sympathetic to Mildred's frustration, he finds the billboards an unfair attack on his character. Angered by Mildred's lack of respect for his authority, Dixon threatens businessman Red Welby, who rented Mildred the billboards, and he arrests her friend and coworker, Denise, on trivial marijuana possession charges. Mildred is also visited by her abusive ex-husband Charlie, who blames her for their daughter's death.

text: Willoughby brings Mildred in for questioning after she drills a hole in her dentist's thumb when he threatens her. During the interview, Willoughby coughs up blood. He leaves the hospital against medical advice and spends an idyllic day with his wife Anne and their two daughters, then commits suicide due to his illness. He leaves suicide notes for several people, including Mildred, in which he explains that she was not a factor in his suicide and that he secretly paid to keep the billboards up for another month, amused at the trouble this will bring her and hope that they will keep attention on the murder. Dixon reacts to the news of Willoughby's death by assaulting Welby and throwing him out of a window. This is witnessed by Willoughby's replacement, Abercrombie, who fires Dixon. In the meanwhile, Mildred is threatened by a crop-haired stranger in her store.

text: The billboards are destroyed by arson. Mildred retaliates by tossing Molotov cocktails at the police station, which she believes is unoccupied for the night. However, Dixon is there to read Willoughby's letter to him, which advises him to let go of hate and learn to love, as the only way to realize his wish to become a detective. Dixon escapes with Angela's case file but suffers severe burns. Mildred's acquaintance James witnesses the incident and provides Mildred with an alibi, claiming they were on a date. Dixon is treated for his burns, and he is temporarily confined in the same hospital room as Welby, to whom he apologizes.

text: Discharged from the hospital, Dixon overhears the man who threatened Mildred bragging in a bar of an incident similar to Angela's murder. He notes the Idaho license plate number of the man's vehicle, then provokes a fight by scratching the man's face. At home later, he removes a sample of the man's DNA from under his fingernails. Meanwhile, Mildred goes on a date with James to thank him for the alibi. Charlie enters with his 19-year-old girlfriend Penelope and admits to burning the billboards while intoxicated. After accidentally causing James to leave, Mildred tells Charlie to treat Penelope well and leaves.

text: Though commending him, Abercrombie informs Dixon that the DNA sample does not match DNA found on Angela's body, and that the man was overseas on military duty at the time of the murder. Dixon concludes that the man must be guilty of some other rape, and joins Mildred on a trip to Idaho in order to kill him. On the way, Mildred confesses to Dixon that she set the police station on fire. He indicates that he knew already. They express reservations about their mission but agree to decide what to do along the way.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Frances McDormand as Mildred Hayes
Woody Harrelson as William 'Bill' Willoughby
Sam Rockwell as Jason Dixon
Abbie Cornish as Anne Willoughby
John Hawkes as Charlie Hayes
Peter Dinklage as James
Caleb Landry Jones as Red Welby
Kerry Condon as Pamela
Darrell Britt-Gibson as Jerome
Lucas Hedges as Robbie Hayes
Željko Ivanek as Desk Sergeant
Amanda Warren as Denise
Kathryn Newton as Angela Hayes
Samara Weaving as Penelope
Clarke Peters as Chief Abercrombie

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: While traveling through the Southern United States in around 1998, Martin McDonagh came across a couple of accusatory billboards about an unsolved crime, which he described as "raging and painful and tragic [sic]". The billboards highlighted the incompetence of police work and deeply affected McDonagh; he said that the image "stayed in my mind [...] kept gnawing at me" and presumed that they were put up by the victim's mother.[5][a] This incident, combined with his desire to create strong female characters, inspired him to write the story for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.[5] McDonagh discussed the creative process, saying that it took him about ten years to "[decide] that it was a mother who had taken these things out. It all became fiction [...] based on a couple of actual billboards".[7][8]

text: Casting and filming[edit]

text: The character of Mildred was written with Frances McDormand in mind, and likewise the character of Dixon was written specifically for Rockwell.[9] McDormand initially felt that she was older than the character as it was written, and suggested that Mildred instead be Angela's grandmother; McDonagh disagreed, feeling that it would change the story too much.[9][10] McDormand's husband Joel Coen persuaded her to take the part regardless.[9] McDormand took inspiration for her character from John Wayne; and Rockwell, wanting to make his character "the exact opposite" of Mildred, took inspiration for his character in part from Wayne's co-star in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, Lee Marvin.[9]

text: Principal photography began on May 2, 2016, in Sylva, North Carolina,[11] and ran for 33 days.[12] Allison Outdoor Advertising of Sylva built the actual billboards, which were put in a pasture near Black Mountain, North Carolina because that location was better. Most of the time the billboards were covered because people in the area found them upsetting. David Penix of Arden, North Carolina bought the billboards and used the wood for a roof in Douglas Lake in Tennessee, though the messages are no longer in order.[13] Town Pump Tavern in Black Mountain, which had appeared in The World Made Straight, was used as a set and was closed for three days during filming. A pool table and booths were added. The bar's actual sign appeared in the movie.[14]

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score was written by Carter Burwell, who had also supplied the score for McDonagh's films In Bruges and Seven Psychopaths. As well as Burwell's score, the film features songs by ABBA, Joan Baez, The Felice Brothers, the Four Tops, Monsters of Folk and Townes Van Zandt. [15]

text: Release[edit]

text: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri premiered in competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2017.[16] It also had screenings at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival,[17] the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival (where it won the Audience Award),[18] the BFI London Film Festival,[19] and the 2017 Zurich Film Festival.[20] It was also screened at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival.[21]

text: In the United States, the film was released, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, on November 10, 2017, beginning with a limited release, before "going wide" on December 1.[4] The film was released on 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray and DVD on February 27, 2018.[22] Six Shooter, McDonagh's Academy Award-winning short film, is included as a bonus.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri grossed $54.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $104.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $158.6 million.[4]

text: In its limited opening weekend, the film made $322,168 from four theaters for a per-theater average of $80,542, the fourth best of 2017.[23] The film made $1.1 million from 53 theaters in its second weekend and $4.4 million from 614 in its third, finishing a respective 9th and 10th at the box office.[24] In the weekend following its four Golden Globe wins the film was added to 712 theaters (for a total of 1,022) and grossed $2.3 million, and increase of 226% from the previous week's $706,188.[25] The weekend of January 27, 2018, following the announcement of the film's seven Oscar nominations, it made $3.6 million (an increase of 87% over the previous week's $1.9 million), finishing 13th.[26] The weekend of March 9–11, following its two Oscar wins, the film made $705,000, down 45% from the previous week's $1.3 million.[27]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2018)

tag: table

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 317 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri deftly balances black comedy against searing drama – and draws unforgettable performances from its veteran cast along the way."[28] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film had a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[29] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[30]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety praised the film's performances, stating "It's Mildred's glowering refusal to back down that defines her, and McDormand brilliantly spotlights the conflicted humanity beneath the stony façade," and called Rockwell's performance a "revelation."[31] Steve Pond, writing for TheWrap, praised McDonagh's writing, calling it "Very funny, very violent and surprisingly moving."[32]

text: Some criticized the script for McDonagh's insincere or incorrect portrayal of small town America. The New York Times columnist Wesley Morris called McDonagh's portrayal of America a caricature: "a set of postcards from a Martian lured to America by a cable news ticker and by rumors of how easily flattered and provoked we are."[33] Tim Parks in The New Yorker praised the “magnificently photographed images” but wrote that the plot contained “a thousand cheap coincidences”. He concluded that the film is "empty of emotional intelligence" and "devoid of any remotely honest observation of the society it purports to serve." [34] In her review for The New York Times, Manohla Dargis wrote "[McDonagh's] jokes can be uninterestingly glib with tiny, bloodless pricks that are less about challenging the audience than about obscuring the material's clichés and overriding theatricality."[35]

text: The film was also controversial for its insensitive handling of racial themes, particularly surrounding the redemptive arc of Officer Dixon. In The Daily Beast, blogger Ira Madison III called the treatment of Rockwell's character "altogether offensive...McDonagh's attempts to script the black experience in America are often fumbling and backward and full of outdated tropes."[36] Alyssa Rosenberg noted in The Washington Post that "[Dixon's] redemption doesn’t merely defang his previous venomous bigotry; it softens Mildred’s character development."[37]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama (McDormand), Best Supporting Actor (Rockwell), and Best Screenplay, and was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Score.[38] At the 71st British Academy Film Awards, it received nine nominations, including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actress in a Leading Role (McDormand), and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for both Rockwell and Harrelson.[39][40] It won five awards, including Best Film and Outstanding British Film (making it the only film along with The King's Speech to win both awards since the latter category was reintroduced in 1992)[41] while both McDormand and Rockwell won the Lead Actress and Supporting Actor awards respectively.[42] It was nominated for four awards at the 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards, winning three, including Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. At the 90th Academy Awards it received seven nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Frances McDormand, Best Original Screenplay for Martin McDonagh and two Best Supporting Actor nominations for both Sam Rockwell and Woody Harrelson. McDormand and Rockwell took home their respective awards.

text: It was named one of the top 10 films of the year by the American Film Institute.[43] At the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival,[17] the film won its top prize, the People's Choice Award.[44] At the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival, it won the Audience Award.[18]

text: Impact[edit]

text: On February 15, 2018, Justice4Grenfell, an advocacy group created in response to the Grenfell Tower fire, hired three vans with electronic screens in a protest against perceived inaction in response to the fire.[45] The vans were driven around London, and displayed messages in the style of the billboards in the film: '71 Dead', 'And Still No Arrests?', 'How Come?'[46]

text: In response to the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting that took place on February 14, 2018, in Parkland, Florida, activist group Avaaz had three vans circle Florida senator Marco Rubio's offices displaying 'Slaughtered in School', 'And Still No Gun Control?', 'How Come, Marco Rubio?'[47][48]

text: On the night of February 15, 2018, the movement #OccupyJustice set up three billboards and a number of banners in Malta, marking the four-month anniversary of the murder of the journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia. The billboards bore the text 'A Journalist Killed. No Justice.', 'A Country Robbed. No Justice.', and 'No Resignations. No Justice.'[49][50] The authorities removed the billboards the following day,[51] stating that they were illegal.[52] The government was criticized for this move,[53][54] and a day after their removal, activists laid down banners with similar text near Auberge de Castille, the Office of the Prime Minister.[52]

text: Outside the Bristol city centre on February 3, 2018, a mural was erected depicting three billboards reading 'Our NHS is dying', 'And still no more funding', and 'How come, Mrs May'. It was installed by the groups People’s Republic of Stokes Croft and Protect Our NHS in response to the alleged privatization of the National Health Service (NHS) and the death of a 15-year-old girl attributed by some to a purported lack of resources by the NHS.[55]

text: On February 22, 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations, protesting the inaction of the UN's role within the Syrian Civil War, set up three billboards outside the United Nations building in New York that read '500,000 Dead in Syria', 'And still no action?', and 'How come, Security Council'.[56][57]

text: On or around March 1, around the time of the 2018 Oscars, three billboards were taken out in Los Angeles, stating "WE ALL KNEW AND STILL NO ARRESTS", "AND THE OSCAR FOR BIGGEST PEDOPHILE GOES TO..." and "NAME NAMES ON STAGE OR SHUT THE HELL UP!", as an attempt to protest both the Oscars and the #MeToo movement.[58]

text: On March 8, on International Women's Day, three billboards were put in downtown Pristina, Kosovo,[59] to protest the death of two women as a result of domestic violence.[60]

text: Both McDormand and McDonagh have responded positively to the protests, with McDonagh saying "You couldn't ask for anything more than for an angry film to be adopted by protests,"[61][62] and McDormand saying she is “thrilled that activists all over the world have been inspired by the set decoration of the three billboards in Martin’s film.”[63]

text: On March 24, 2018, signs inspired by Three Billboards appeared at March for Our Lives gun safety rallies across the US and around the world.[64][65]

text: Explanatory notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The billboards were later found along the Interstate 10, and had been put by James Fulton, whose daughter Kathy Page was assaulted and killed in 1991.[6]


document_title: On the Sublime

question_text: how many principle sources of sublimity are there according to longinus

text: On the Sublime

text: Authorship[edit]

text: The author is unknown. In the 10th-century reference manuscript (Parisinus Graecus 2036), the heading reports "Dionysius or Longinus", an ascription by the medieval copyist that was misread as "by Dionysius Longinus." When the manuscript was being prepared for printed publication, the work was initially attributed to Cassius Longinus (c. 213–273 AD). Since the correct translation includes the possibility of an author named "Dionysius", some have attributed the work to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a writer of the 1st century AD.[1] There remains the possibility that the work belongs to neither Cassius Longinus nor Dionysius of Halicarnassus, but, rather, some unknown author writing under the Roman Empire, likely in the 1st century. The error does imply that when the codex was written, the trails of the real author were already lost. Neither author can be accepted as the actual writer of the treatise. Dionysius maintained ideas which are absolutely opposite to those written in the treatise; with Longinus, there are problems with chronology.

text: Among further names proposed, are Hermagoras (a rhetorician who lived in Rome during the 1st century AD), Aelius Theon (author of a work which had many ideas in common with those of On the Sublime), and Pompeius Geminus (who was in epistolary conversation with Dionysius).

text: Dionysius of Halicarnassus[edit]

text: Dionysius of Halicarnassus wrote under Augustus, publishing a number of works. Dionysius is generally dismissed as the potential author of On the Sublime, since the writing officially attributed to Dionysius differs from the work On the Sublime in style and thought.[2]

text: Cassius Longinus[edit]

text: Credited with writing a number of literary works, Longinus was disciple of Plotinus, and considered "the most distinguished scholar of his day." He received his education at Alexandria and then went to Athens to teach. He later moved to Asia Minor, where he achieved the position of advisor to Zenobia, the queen of Palmyra.[3][2][4] Cassius is a dubious possibility for author of the treatise because he wrote in the 3rd century, and no literature later than the 1st century AD is mentioned (the latest is Cicero, who died in 43 BC)[clarification needed] and the work is now usually dated to the early 1st century AD. The work ends with a dissertation on the decay of oratory, a typical subject for the time when authors such as Tacitus, Petronius and Quintilian, who also dealt with the subject, were alive. Cassius was executed by Aurelian, the Roman emperor who conquered Palmyra in 273 AD were on charges of conspiring against the Roman state. This was most likely because of what he had written for Queen Zenobia of Palmyra while she was still in power. Longinus is reported to have written answers for the Queen, which were used in response to Aurelian, the man who would soon rise to power as the Roman emperor.[3]

text: Contents[edit]

text: On the Sublime is both a treatise on aesthetics and a work of literary criticism. It is written in an epistolary form and the final part, possibly dealing with public speaking, has been lost.

text: The treatise is dedicated to Posthumius Terentianus, a cultured Roman and public figure, though little else is known of him. On the Sublime is a compendium of literary exemplars, with about 50 authors spanning 1,000 years mentioned or quoted.[5] Along with the expected examples from Homer and other figures of Greek culture, Longinus refers to a passage from Genesis, which is quite unusual for the 1st century:

text: A similar effect was achieved by the lawgiver of the Jews—no mean genius, for he both understood and gave expression to the power of the divinity as it deserved—when he wrote at the very beginning of his laws, and I quote his words: "God said,"—what was it?—"Let there be light, and there was. Let there be earth, and there was."

text: Given his positive reference to Genesis, Longinus has been assumed to be either a Hellenized Jew or readily familiar with the Jewish culture.[6] As such, Longinus emphasizes that, to be a truly great writer, authors must have "moral excellence".[2] In fact, critics speculate that Longinus avoided publication in the ancient world "either by modesty or by prudential motives".[5] Moreover, Longinus stresses that transgressive writers are not necessarily shameless fools, even if they take literary risks that seem "bold, lawless, and original".[2] As for social subjectivity, Longinus acknowledges that complete liberty promotes spirit and hope; according to Longinus, "never did a slave become an orator".[7] On the other hand, too much luxury and wealth leads to a decay in eloquence—eloquence being the goal of the sublime writer.[5]

text: The sublime[edit]

text: Longinus critically applauds and condemns certain literary works as examples of good or bad styles of writing.[5] Longinus ultimately promotes an "elevation of style"[5] and an essence of "simplicity".[8] To quote this famous author, "the first and most important source of sublimity [is] the power of forming great conceptions."[8] The concept of the sublime is generally accepted to refer to a style of writing that elevates itself "above the ordinary". Finally, Longinus sets out five sources of sublimity: "great thoughts, strong emotions, certain figures of thought and speech, noble diction, and dignified word arrangement".[6]

text: The effects of the Sublime are: loss of rationality, an alienation leading to identification with the creative process of the artist and a deep emotion mixed in pleasure and exaltation. An example of sublime (which the author quotes in the work) is a poem by Sappho, the so-called Ode to Jealousy, defined as a "Sublime ode". A writer's goal is not so much to express empty feelings, but to arouse emotion in his audience.[8]

text: In the treatise, the author asserts that "the Sublime leads the listeners not to persuasion, but to ecstasy: for what is wonderful always goes together with a sense of dismay, and prevails over what is only convincing or delightful, since persuasion, as a rule, is within everyone's grasp: whereas, the Sublime, giving to speech an invincible power and [an invincible] strength, rises above every listener".[9]

text: According to this statement, one could think that the sublime, for Longinus, was only a moment of evasion from reality. But on the contrary, he thought that literature could model a soul, and that a soul could pour itself out into a work of art. In this way the treatise becomes not only a text of literary inquiry, but also one of ethical dissertation, since the Sublime becomes the product of a great soul (μεγαλοφροσύνης ἀπήχημα, megalophrosunēs apēchēma). The sources of the Sublime are of two kinds: inborn sources ("aspiration to vigorous concepts" and "strong and enthusiastic passion") and acquirable sources (rhetorical devices, choice of the right lexicon, and "dignified and high composition").[8]

text: Decay of rhetoric[edit]

text: The author speaks also about the decay of oratory, as arising not only from absence of personal freedom but also from the corruption of morals, which together destroy that high spirit which generates the Sublime. Thus the treatise is clearly centred in the burning controversy which raged in the 1st century AD in Latin literature. If Petronius pointed out excess of rhetoric and the pompous, unnatural techniques of the schools of eloquence as the causes of decay, Tacitus was nearer to Longinus in thinking[1] that the root of this decadence was the establishment of Princedom, or Empire, which, though it brought stability and peace, also gave rise to censorship and brought an end to freedom of speech. Thus oratory became merely an exercise in style.

text: Misleading translations and lost data[edit]

text: Translators have been unable to clearly interpret the text, including the title itself. The "sublime" in the title has been translated in various ways, to include senses of elevation and excellent style. The word sublime, argues Rhys Roberts, is misleading, since Longinus' objective broadly concerns "the essentials of a noble and impressive style" than anything more narrow and specific. Moreover, about one-third of the treatise is missing;[5] Longinus' segment on similes, for instance, has only a few words remaining.[2] Matters are further complicated in realizing that ancient writers, Longinus' contemporaries, do not quote or mention the treatise in any way.[5]

text: Limitations of the writing[edit]

text: Despite Longinus' critical acclaim, his writing is far from perfect. Longinus' occasional enthusiasm becomes "carried away" and creates some confusion as to the meaning of his text. Furthermore, 18th-century critic Edward Burnaby Greene finds Longinus, at times, to be "too refined".[10] Greene also claims that Longinus' focus on hyperbolical descriptions is "particularly weak, and misapplied."[1] Occasionally, Longinus also falls into a sort of "tediousness" in treating his subjects.[5] The treatise is also limited in its concentration on spiritual transcendence and lack of focus on the way in which language structures determine the feelings and thoughts of writers.[6] Finally, Longinus' treatise is difficult to explain in an academic setting, given the difficulty of the text and lack of "practical rules of a teachable kind."[2]

text: Writing style and rhetoric[edit]

text: Despite its faults, the treatise remains critically successful because of its "noble tone," "apt precepts," "judicious attitude," and "historical interests".[5] One of the reasons why it is so unlikely that known ancient critics wrote On the Sublime is because the treatise is composed so differently from any other literary work. Since Longinus' rhetorical formula avoids dominating his work, the literature remains "personal and fresh," unique in its originality. Longinus rebels against the popular rhetoric of the time by implicitly attacking ancient theory in its focus on a detailed criticism of words, metaphors, and figures. More explicitly, in refusing to judge tropes as entities unto themselves, Longinus promotes the appreciation of literary devices as they relate to passages as a whole.[1] Essentially, Longinus, rare for a critic of his time, focuses more on "greatness of style" than "technical rules."[5] Despite his criticism of ancient texts, Longinus remains a "master of candor and good-nature".[10] Moreover, the author invents striking images and metaphors, writing almost lyrically at times.[1] In general, Longinus appreciates, and makes use of, simple diction and bold images.[2]

text: As far as the language is concerned, the work is certainly a unicum because it is a blend of expressions of the Hellenistic Koine Greek to which are added elevated constructions, technical expressions, metaphors, classic and rare forms which produce a literary pastiche at the borders of linguistic experimentation.

text: Influences[edit]

text: In reading On the Sublime, critics have determined that the ancient philosopher and writer Plato is a "great hero" to Longinus.[2] Not only does Longinus come to Plato's defense, but he also attempts to raise his literary standing in opposition to current criticisms. Another influence on the treatise can be found in Longinus' rhetorical figures, which draw from theories by a 1st-century BC writer, Caecilius of Calacte.[5]

text: Historical criticism and use of On the Sublime[edit]

text:
10th century - The original treatise, before translation, is copied into a medieval manuscript and attributed to "Dionysius or Longinus."[6]
13th century - A Byzantine rhetorician makes obscure references to what may be Longinus' text.[1]
16th century - The treatise is ignored by scholars until it is published by Francis Robortello in Basel, in 1554, and Niccolò da Falgano, in 1560.[6] The original work is attributed to "Dionysius Longinus" and most European countries receive translations of the treatise.[5]
17th century - Sublime effects become a desired end of much Baroque art and literature, and the rediscovered work of "Longinus" goes through half a dozen editions in the 17th century. It is Boileau's 1674 translation of the treatise into French that really starts its career in the history of criticism. Despite its popularity, some critics claim that the treatise was too "primitive" to be truly understood by a "too civilized" 17th-century audience.
18th century - William Smith's 1739 translation of Longinus on the Sublime established the translator and once more brought the work into prominence. Longinus' text reaches its height in popularity.[1] In England, critics esteem Longinus' principles of composition and balance second only to Aristotle's Poetics. Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful and Immanuel Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment[11] owe a debt to Longinus' concept of the sublime, and the category passes into intellectual discourse. As "Longinus" says, "The effect of elevated language upon an audience is not persuasion but transport," a fitting sentiment for Romantic thinkers and writers who reach beyond logic, to the wellsprings of the Sublime. At the same time, the Romantics gain some contempt for Longinus, given his association with the "rules" of classical poets. Such contempt is ironic, given the widespread influence of Longinus on the shaping of 18th-century criticism.[2]
19th century - Early in the 19th century, doubts arise to the authorship of the treatise. Thanks to Italian scholar Amati, Cassius Longinus is no longer assumed to be the writer of On the Sublime.[5] Simultaneously, the critical popularity of Longinus' work diminishes greatly; though the work is still in use by scholars, it is rarely quoted. Despite the lack of public enthusiasm, editions and translations of On the Sublime are published at the end of the century.[1]
20th century - Although the text is still little quoted, it maintains its status, apart from Aristotle's Poetics, as "the most delightful of all the critical works of classical antiquity."[1] Also see Neil Hertz's essay on Longinus in his book, The End of the Line. Hertz is in part responding to Thomas Weiskel's book The Romantic Sublime, probably the most influential recent account of British and German Romantic attitudes towards the Sublime of both Burke and Longinus.[12][13] Laura Quinney treats the attractions grim demystification in analyzes of Longinus, particularly Weiskel's.[14] Jonathan Culler has an appreciation of Hertz on Longinus in "The Hertzian Sublime."[15] Anne Carson and Louis Marin have occasion to discuss Longinus as well and Harold Bloom and William J. Kennedy have significant accounts of his work. William Carlos Williams also uses three lines from the work as an epigraph to the Prologue to Kora in Hell.[16][17][18]

text: German film director Werner Herzog claims to have an affinity with the work of Longinus, in a talk entitled "On the Absolute, the Sublime and Ecstatic Truth", presented in Milan. Herzog says that he thinks of Longinus as a good friend and considers that Longinus's notions of illumination has a parallel in some moments in his films. He quotes from Longinus: "For our soul is raised out of nature through the truly sublime, sways with high spirits, and is filled with proud joy, as if itself had created what it hears."

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Grube, G.M.A (1957). On Great Writing (On the Sublime). New York: The Liberal Arts Press. ISBN 978-0-87220-080-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Russell, Andrew Russell (1964). 'Longinus' on the Sublime. Clarendon Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Longinus. (1851, Jul 01). Robert Merry's Museum (1841-1851), 22, 179. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/135926705
Jump up ^ Longinus. 9 Vol. Detroit: The Gale Group Inc, 2004.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Roberts, William Rhys (1899). Longinus on the Sublime.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leitch, Vincent B. (2001). The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Norton. pp. 135–154. ISBN 978-0-393-97429-4.
Jump up ^ Blair, Hugh; Abraham Mills (1866). From Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (2nd ed.). T. Zell. pp. 950–979.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brody, Jules (1958). Boileau and Longinus. E. Droz.
Jump up ^ On the Sublime 1.4.
^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Edward Burnaby (1973). Critical Essays: 1770. ISBN 978-0-85417-911-4.
Jump up ^ Clewis, Robert R. (2009). The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom. Cambridge University Press, pp. 12-13.
Jump up ^ Hertz, Neil (1985). The End of the Line. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05708-0.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Weiskel; Portia Williams Weiskel (1976). The Romantic Sublime. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-1770-0.
Jump up ^ Quinney, Laura. Weiskel's Sublime and the Impasse of Knowledge.
Jump up ^ Culler, Jonathan (2005). "The Hertzian sublime". MLN. 120 (5): 969–985. doi:10.1353/mln.2006.0007.
Jump up ^ Carson, Anne (2001). "Foam: (Essay with Rhapsody) On the Sublime in Longinus and Antonioni". Conjunctions. pp. 96–104.
Jump up ^ Marin, Louis; Nicolas Poussin; Catherine Porter (1999). The Sublime Poussin. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3477-6.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, William J.; Brenda Deen Schildgen (1997). "Interest in the Canon: Kant in the Context of Longinus and Adorno". The Rhetoric Canon. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2632-9.

text: Further reading[edit]

text:
Bloom, Harold (1983). Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503354-0.
Doran, Robert (2015). The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant. Cambridge University Press.
Ferguson, Frances (Winter 1985). "A Commentary on Suzanne Guerlac's 'Longinus and the Subject of the Sublime'". New Literary History. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 16 (2): 291–297. doi:10.2307/468748. JSTOR 468748. *
Quinney, Laura, foreword by Harold Bloom (1995). Literary Power and the Criteria of Truth. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1345-9.
Martin Fritz, Vom Erhabenen. Der Traktat 'Peri Hypsous' und seine ästhetisch-religiöse Renaissance im 18. Jahrhundert (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2011).


document_title: Worst Cooks in America

question_text: who won season 6 of worst cooks in america

text: Worst Cooks in America

text: History[edit]

text: The show premiered on January 3, 2010. The show was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the finale of Season 7, a trailer previewing Season 8 was shown and was aired in January 2016 with the return of Tyler Florence.

text: Season 1: 2010[edit]

text: Chefs Beau MacMillan and Anne Burrell lead an intense culinary boot camp. They have six recruits each, and every week they must eliminate one recruit from each of their teams until there is only one from each team left. The final two create a three-course meal to fool a panel of restaurant critics into believing that the meal was created by the acclaimed chefs.

text: Recruits[edit]

text: Twelve chefs competed in the first season of Worst Cooks in America. Hometowns and occupations are available from the Food Network website.[3][4] Chef Anne's team was known as the Red Team and Chef Beau's team was known as the Blue Team.

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Rachel Coleman

23

Brooklyn, New York

Marketing Website editor

Winner February 1

Jennifer "Jenny" Cross

21

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Waitress

Runner-up February 1

Jennifer "Jen" Vecchio

38

Cumberland, Rhode Island

Dance Studio Owner

Eliminated January 31

Eddie Chang

32

Jersey City, New Jersey

IT project manager

Marque Hernandez

41

Brea, California

Director of Clinical Operations

Eliminated January 24

Rebecca Hooper

43

Sandy, Utah

Salon Owner

Sophia Gettys

27

Aurora, Colorado

Stay-at-home Mom

Eliminated January 17

Susie Shoman

53

Georgetown, South Carolina

Grants administrator and entrepreneur

Kelly Johnson

31

Scottsdale, Arizona

Corporate litigation attorney

Eliminated January 10

David Summey

29

Charlotte, North Carolina

Salesman

Wilhelmina Josephine

29

Aliso Viejo, California

Insurance claims adjuster

Eliminated January 3

Hamed Hamad

24

North Hollywood, California

Journalist and fashion consultant

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Rachel

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM 4
WIN
WINNER

2

Jenny*

IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM 4
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Jen

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Eddie

BTM 4
WIN
BTM 4
BTM 4
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Marque

WIN
WIN
BTM 4
BTM 4
IN
OUT

6

Rebecca

WIN
BTM 4
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

7

Sophia*

IN
IN
IN
OUT

8

Susie

IN
BTM 4
IN
OUT

9

Kelly

IN
OUT

10

David

BTM 4
OUT

11

Wilhelmina

OUT

12

Hamed

OUT

text: Season 2: 2011[edit]

text: Casting for season 2 of Worst Cooks in America was held at the LA Marriott Burbank Airport, Hotel & Convention Center on March 27, 2010.[5] The Food Network also began accepting online video applications for season 2.[6] Food Network's website announced that Robert Irvine would replace Beau MacMillan for season 2. Season 2 debuted on January 2, 2011.[7] In this season the chefs had eight recruits each.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Joshie Berger

36

Brooklyn, New York

Attorney

Winner February 20

Georgann "Georg" Coleman

38

Chicago, Illinois

Speech pathologist

Runner-up February 20

Carlos Manuel

28

Atlanta, Georgia

Banker

Eliminated February 13

Kelsey Milos

22

Kings, Illinois

Hair stylist

Kat Rose

37

Newnan, Georgia

Stay-at-home mother

Eliminated February 6

Tyrone "Ty" Miller

33

Trenton, New Jersey

Property manager

Jennifer "Jen" MacLean

43

Sparta, New Jersey

Operating room nurse

Eliminated January 30

Kelly Gray

32

New York, New York

Aerobics instructor

Erika Rumsey

27

Elgin, Illinois

Account manager

Eliminated January 23

Anna Altomari

44

Aliso Viejo, California

RN Case manager

Priscilla Harden

60

Sugar Land, Texas

Retired teacher

Eliminated January 16

Matt Crespi

24

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

PhD Student

Anthony Scinto

32

Crestwood, Illinois

Mechanical engineer

Eliminated January 9

Jeff Longcor

25

Somerville, Massachusetts

Environmental contractor

Lina Yu

28

Arcadia, California

Production manager

Eliminated January 2

Eric Ricupero

34

Quincy, Massachusetts

Bar owner

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode

Rank

Contestant

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Joshie

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

9th

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

WINNER

2

Georg

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Carlos

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

6th

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

OUT

4

Kelsey*

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

2nd

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

OUT

5

Kat*

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

BTM

OUT

6

Ty

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

3rd

IN

BTM

OUT

7

Jen

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

7th

IN

OUT

8

Kelly

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

5th

WIN

OUT

9

Erika

BTM

WIN

IN

WIN

IN

8th

OUT

10

Anna

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

4th

OUT

11

Priscilla

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

12

Matt

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

OUT

13

Anthony

IN

IN

OUT

14

Jeff

IN

BTM

OUT

15

Lina

OUT

16

Eric

OUT

text: Differences between seasons 1 and 2[edit]

text: In the first episode, a group of selected novice cooks were to prepare a dish from scratch so the chefs would get an idea of how poor their skills were. After tasting all the items, the chefs took turns picking team members for their rival chef. The first season started off with 24 novice cooks but only the worst 12 were chosen for a team. In the second season, the first episode began with 16 amateurs and all took part for the remainder of that episode.

text: In the penultimate episode of the season, the remaining four recruits learned and replicated a dessert. After this, in the first season, the recruits had to instruct a group of high school students how to replicate the dessert recipe. In the second one, the recruits were assigned the dessert to serve after both chefs, and a special guest enjoyed a main dish.

text: After learning and replicating a dessert, the recruits had to prepare a meal for both chefs and a surprise guest, usually a spouse or other family member. The first season’s main dishes were an improved version of the recruits’ audition meal. The special guests in the second season got to choose what they wanted the students to make them.

text: Two recruits remained in the final episode and had to prepare an appetizer, main dish, and dessert for a panel of three food critics. The critics in season 1 thought that the final meal was prepared by the chefs until after they sampled all the courses. In season 2, the critics learned their meal was prepared by the recruits immediately after entering the restaurant.

text: Season 3: 2012[edit]

text: Anne Burrell and Bobby Flay hosted season 3 replacing Robert Irvine.[8][9]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Kelli Powers

40

Los Angeles, California

Stay-at-home mother

Winner April 1

Vinnie Caligiuri

47

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Mortgage broker

Runner-up April 1

Melissa Rhodes

28

Naples, Florida

Nursing Student

Eliminated March 25

David Shelton

26

Longview, Texas

Unemployed

Tiffany Michelle

27

Los Angeles, California

Poker player and actress

Eliminated March 18

Dorothy Strouhal

38

Cove, Texas

Make-up artist

Anthony Schiano

33

Massapequa, New York

Mechanical engineer

Eliminated March 11

Benjamin Dennis

37

Dallas, Texas

Stay-at-home father

Quit March 11

Sean "Bennett" Bennett

36

New York City

Automotive Spokesperson

Eliminated March 4

Sarina Weeraprajuk

31

West Covina, California

Wedding photographer

Erica Weidner

53

Long Beach, New York

Court Reporter Student

Eliminated February 26

Robert "Bob" Tamke

44

Massapequa Park, New York

DJ

Sherrill Moss-Solomon

55

New York, New York

Fundraiser

Eliminated February 19

Rachel Margolin

31

New York, New York

Night Club Promoter

Richard Chen

55

Queens, New York

Attorney

Eliminated February 12

Libby Floyd

46

Eden Prairie, Minnesota

ShopNBC host[10]

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Kelli

WIN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Vinnie

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Melissa1

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

David1

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

5

Tiffany

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

6

Dorothy

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

OUT

7

Anthony

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

OUT

8

Benjamin

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

QUIT

9

Bennett

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

BTM

OUT

10

Sarina

BTM

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

11

Erica

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

12

Bob

IN

WIN

IN

IN

OUT

13

Sherrill

IN

BTM

OUT

14

Rachel

BTM

BTM

OUT

15

Richard

OUT

16

Libby

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3, Team Bobby (blue team) won the first challenge, he therefore got to choose one person from Team Anne (red team) to go to his team, and then choose one person from his team to go to the other team. He chose David to go to Team Anne's team and chose Melissa from Team Anne's team to join his team.

text: Season 4: 2013[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Alina Bolshakova

28

Riga, Latvia

Caretaker/Actress

Winner March 31

Rasheeda Brown

30

Germantown, Maryland

Correctional Officer

Runner-up March 31

Chet Pourciau

40

New Orleans, Louisiana

Interior Designer

Eliminated March 24

Suzanne "Sue" Mangogna

42

Northport, New York

Single Mother

Carla Johnson

47

Long Beach, California

Alcohol & Drug Counselor

Eliminated March 17

Michael Haydin

25

Rye Brook, New York

Accountant

Carrie Lee Riggins

32

Carmel, New York

Ballerina/Actress

Eliminated March 10

Crystal Lonneberg

30

Weehawken, New Jersey

Actress/Artist

Aadip Desai

36

Sacramento, California

Writer/Musician

Eliminated March 3

Alex Stein

26

Dallas, Texas

Bail Bondsman

Michael "Big Mike" Paul

24

Thomson, Georgia

Woodworker

Eliminated February 24

Robert "Dr. Bob" Schaefer

58

Pleasant Hill, California

Chiropractor

Tim Burger

42

Novi, Michigan

Former Marine

Eliminated February 17

Diana De Rosa

62

Huntington, New York

Photographer

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Alina

BTM

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Rasheeda

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Chet

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Sue

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

OUT

5

Carla

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

OUT

6

Michael

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

7

Carrie Lee

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

8

Crystal

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

OUT

9

Aadip

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

10

Alex

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

11

Mike

IN

BTM

OUT

12

Bob

BTM

BTM

OUT

13

Tim

OUT

14

Diana

OUT

text: Season 5: 2014[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Amber Brauner

37

Redlands, California

Tattoo Artist

Winner March 31

Jamie Thomas

41

New York, New York

Flight Attendant

Runner-up March 31

Daniel "Danny" Beyda

43

Long Island, New York

Radiologist

Eliminated March 24

Mike Glazer

30

Chicago, Illinois

Writer

Carie Pullano-Keller

34

Chester, Virginia

Promotional Model

Eliminated March 17

Stephanie St. Aubin

26

Washington, DC

Secretary

Danielle Ruiz-Wiley

25

Staten Island, New York

Stay at Home Mom

Eliminated March 10

Carol Holder

64

New York, New York

Real Estate Broker

Joe Slaughter

28

Los Angeles, California

Actor/Dancer

Eliminated March 3

Ken Hsu

29

Seattle, Washington

Personal Trainer

Lance Green

31

New York, New York

Music Producer

Eliminated February 24

Benjamin "Benji" Hunter Brown III

29

Nashville, Tennessee

Live Music Booking Agent

Muneerah Warner

33

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstinence Advisor

Eliminated February 16

Casey Pentony

26

Hollywood, California

Nurse

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4

5
6
7

1

Amber

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Jamie

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Danny

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Mike

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

5

Carie1

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

6

Stephanie1

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

OUT

7

Danielle

IN

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

8

Carol

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

OUT

9

Joe

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

OUT

10

Ken

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

11

Lance

BTM

IN

OUT

12

Benji

BTM

IN

OUT

13

Muneerah

OUT

14

Casey

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3 Team Anne (red team) won the first challenge, she therefore got to choose one person from Team Bobby (blue team) to go to her team, and then chose one person from her team to go to the other team. She chose Stephanie to go to Team Bobby's team and chose Carie from Team Bobby's team to join her team.

text: Season 6: 2015[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host seasons 6, replacing Bobby Flay after 3 seasons. The season premiered on January 4, 2015 to 2,123,000 viewers.[11] The second episode was lower at 1,456,000 viewers,[12] with the third episode rising to 1,732,000 viewers[13] and the fourth episode reached 1,689,000 viewers.[14] the 5th episode reached 1,634,000 viewers. The sixth episode received 1.55 million viewers.[15]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Kristen Redmond

25

Austin, Texas

Singer/Songwriter

Winner February 15

Genique Freeman

33

Fayetteville, North Carolina

Esthetician

Runner-up February 15

Leopold "Leo" Nunan

36

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Performance Artist

Eliminated February 8

Sarah Bettendorf

33

Los Angeles, California

Art Teacher

Norman Wilson

46

Detroit, Michigan

Executive Protection

Eliminated February 1

Sharif Dean

27

Los Angeles, California

Personal Trainer

David Eric Rosenberg

51

Las Vegas, Nevada

Theatre Usher

Eliminated January 25

Kortni Montgomery

25

New Orleans, Louisiana

Customer Service Rep

Michael "Six" Muldoon

25

Queens, New York

Magician

Eliminated January 18

Mike Kennedy

45

Scottsdale, Arizona

Private Investigator

Stephanie Streisand*

25

Los Angeles, California

Writer

Withdrew January 11

Susie Babin

61

Bush, Louisiana

Retired

Eliminated January 11

Jason Dixon

30

Chicago, Illinois

Artist

Eliminated January 5

Christina Oster

38

Zion, Illinois

Single Mom

text: Contestant Stephanie Streisand was deemed too ill to continue on January 11

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Kristen

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Genique

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Leo

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

4

Sarah

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

BTM

WIN

OUT

5

Norman

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

OUT

6

Sharif

IN

WIN

BTM

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

7

David

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

BTM

OUT

8

Kortni

BTM

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

BTM

OUT

9

Six

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

10

Mike

IN

BTM

IN

IN

OUT

11

Stephanie

IN

IN

WDR

12

Susie

IN

BTM

OUT

13

Jason

OUT

14

Christina

OUT

text: Season 7: Celebrity Edition[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 7. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. Because this season had only 7 total recruits, each team's worst recruit from that week's Main Dish challenge competed head to head in a quickfire elimination challenge instead of eliminating both recruits each week. This challenge involved more basic cooking techniques (e.g. knife skills) and the winner would be decided by a blind judging from both Anne and Rachael. The winning recruit stayed in the competition while the losing recruit was eliminated.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Jenni "JWoww" Farley

29

Reality Television Star

Winner October 28

Kendra Wilkinson

30

Former Playboy Model & Television Personality

Runner-up October 28

Ellen Cleghorne

49

Saturday Night Live Actress

Eliminated October 21

Barry Williams

60

The Brady Bunch Actor

Eliminated October 14

Chris Soules

33

The Bachelor Star

Eliminated October 7

Jaleel White

38

Actor, Television Host

Eliminated September 30

Dean Cain

48

Television Actor

Eliminated September 23

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

Jenni

IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Kendra

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
BTM
RUNNER-UP

3

Ellen

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Barry

BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Chris

WIN
IN
OUT

6

Jaleel

IN
OUT

7

Dean

OUT

text: Season 8: 2016[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 8.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Nick Slater

24

Rancho Cucamonga, California

Construction Worker

Winner February 14

Lawrence Crawford

26

Deptford, New Jersey

Army Combat Medic

Runner-up February 14

Ginny Meerman

50

Millersville, Maryland

Project Supervisor

Eliminated February 7

Taylor Hooper

24

Boston, Massachusetts

Marine Veteran

Holgie Forrester

66

Twentynine Palms, California

Retired/Actress

Eliminated January 31

Chanda Havard

36

Chicago, Illinois

Real Estate Agent

Donna Koen

60

Newburyport, Massachusetts

Lunch Lady & Hairdresser

Eliminated January 24

Rachel Thomas

27

Tampa, Florida

Stay-at-Home Wife

Ernie Adkins

44

Mardela Springs, Maryland

Truck driver

Eliminated January 17

Glenda Galeano

40

Miami, Florida

Event Coordinator/Actress

Ty Snow

39

Pasadena, California

Special Education Teacher

Eliminated January 10

Cindy Nguyen

28

Las Vegas, Nevada

Bartender

David Fouts

42

Wales, Wisconsin

Senior Project Manager

Eliminated January 4

Jeni Erdman

51

Dousman, Wisconsin

Group Tour Coordinator

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Nick

WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
WINNER

2

Lawrence

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Ginny

WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Taylor

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
TIE
OUT

5

Holgie

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Chanda

BTM
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Donna

IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

8

Rachel

BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Ernie

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

10

Glenda

IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

11

Ty

IN
IN
OUT

12

Cindy

IN
IN
OUT

13

David

OUT

14

Jeni

OUT

text: Season 9: Celebrity Edition 2[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 2 of the Celebrity Edition. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. The season premiered on September 14, 2016 to 1,185,000 viewers.[16]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Loni Love

44

The Real Co-Host & Comedian

Winner November 2

Nicole Sullivan

46

Former MadTV Star, Comedian, & Actress

Runner-up November 2

John Henson

49

Former Talk Soup & Wipeout host

Eliminated October 26

Mike Situation Sorrentino

34

Reality Television Personality

Matt Dallas

33

Television Actor & YouTube Personality

Eliminated October 19

Mindy Cohn

50

The Facts of Life & Scooby-Doo Actress

Eliminated October 12

Tommy Davidson

52

Comedian & Actor

Eliminated September 28

Barbara Eden

85

Film & Television Actress (I Dream of Jeannie & Harper Valley P.T.A.)

Eliminated September 21

Kenya Moore

45

Miss USA 1993 & The Real Housewives of Atlanta Star

Eliminated September 14

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Loni

IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Nicole

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

John

WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4

Mike

IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Matt

WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

6

Mindy

IN
IN
TIE
BTM
OUT

7

Tommy

IN
IN
OUT

8

Barbara

BTM
OUT

9

Kenya

OUT

text: Season 10: 2017[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 10. The season premiered on January 1, 2017.[17]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Daniel Mar

35

Burbank, California

Photographer

Winner March 5

Ann Odogwu

34

Houston, Texas

Flight Attendant

Runner-Up March 5

Laura Docker

36

Fort Worth, Texas

Lawyer

Eliminated February 26

Mandy Thornton

24

Hanover, Massachusetts

Medical Assistant

Adam Cooke

32

Rancho Cucamonga, California

Auto Mechanic

Eliminated February 19

Brittany Lenore

27

Chicago, Illinois

Spiritual Speaker

Jeff West

36

Douglassville, Pennsylvania

Vending Machine President

Eliminated February 12

Kayla Kurtz

27

Kent, Ohio

Stay-at-Home Mom

Eliminated January 29

Maria Marcello

40

Torrance, California

Stay-at-Home Mom

Matt Josephs

35

Richmond, Virginia

Sports Radio Producer

Eliminated January 22

Jake Michaels

21

Manteno, Illinois

Model & Singer

Eliminated January 15

Jetta Linda Ostrofsky

66

Sacramento, California

Retired

Stephen Hawkins

67

Temecula, California

Retired

Eliminated January 8

Buffy Mykkanen

29

Portland, Oregon

Tech Support

Cedrick Miller

22

El Paso, Texas

Cashier

Eliminated January 1

Lester Turchin

65

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Retired

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Daniel

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Ann

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
SAVE
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

Mandy

IN
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Laura

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Brittany

WIN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Adam

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Jeff

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

8

Maria

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

9

Kayla

IN
IN
IN
TIE
SAVE
OUT

10

Matt

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Jetta

IN
IN
BTM
OUT

12

Jake

BTM
IN
IN
OUT

13

Stephen

BTM
IN
OUT

14

Buffy

IN
IN
OUT

15

Cedrick

OUT

16

Lester

OUT

text: In Episode 6, Both Chef Anne and Chef Rachael decided not to send anyone from their teams home.

text: Season 11: Celebrity Edition 3[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 3 of the Celebrity Edition. The season premiered on August 23, 2017[18][19]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Perez Hilton

39

Gossip Blogger

Winner October 11

Melissa Peterman

46

Actress & Comedienne

Runner-up October 11

Nora Dunn

65

Actress & Comedienne

Eliminated October 4

Vivica A. Fox

53

Actress

Eliminated October 4

Sean Lowe

33

Reality Star

Eliminated September 27

Carmen Electra

45

Model & Actress

Withdrew September 13 due to injuries

Carson Kressley

47

TV Personality

Eliminated September 6

Erik Estrada

68

Star of CHiPs

Eliminated August 30

text: •Note: Vivica was originally eliminated on September 20. In Episode 7, airing on October 4, both Vivica and Sean returned to the competition for a redemption skill drill. Vivica won the drill, re-entered the competition and was then eliminated following the main challenge.

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Perez

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Melissa

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

SAVE

IN

BTM

IN

IN

IN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Nora

SAVE

TIE

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Vivica

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

TIE

SAVE

IN

OUT

RTN

OUT

5

Sean

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

TIE

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

6

Carmen

BTM

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

WDR

7

Carson

IN

TIE

WIN

IN

OUT

8

Erik

IN

TIE

OUT

text: Season 12: 2018[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 12.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Hazell Mckenzie

36

Brooklyn, New York

Graduate Student

Winner March 11

Steven Crowley

31

New York, New York

Real Estate Broker

Runner-Up March 11

Asaf Goren

25

Los Angeles, California

Dancer

Eliminated March 4

Sharon Shvarzman

32

Staten Island, New York

Drag Performer

Shatima Ruffin

34

Hampton Roads, Virginia

Receptionist

Eliminated February 25

Lacey Stout

28

Collinsville, Oklahoma

Stay-at-Home Mom

Robyn Hayden

31

Charleston, South Carolina

Balloon Artist

Eliminated February 18

Brandon Arroyo

27

Cleveland, Ohio

Sports Reporter

Eliminated February 11

Spencer Nick

25

Chicago, Illinois

Graduate Student

Sylvia Jefferies

47

Charleston, South Carolina

Stay-at-Home Mom

Quit January 28

Lily Frey

63

Anaheim, California

Retired

Eliminated January 28

Skyler Nick

25

Chicago, Illinois

Graduate Student

Eliminated January 21

Priscilla Nguyen

26

Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Receptionist

Eliminated January 14

Kevin Pettice

24

Charlotte, North Carolina

Administrative Assistant

Kayrene Curtis

44

Rocky River, Ohio

Stay-at-Home Mom

Eliminated January 7

Jonathan Farhat

37

Livermore, California

Safety Professional

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Hazell

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Steven

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Sharon

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Asaf

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

5

Lacey*

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Shatima

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

7

Robyn

IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
OUT

8

Brandon

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

9

Spencer*

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
BTM
OUT

10

Lily

IN
WIN
IN
OUT

11

Sylvia

IN
BTM
BTM
QUIT

12

Skyler

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Priscilla

IN
OUT

14

Kevin

IN
OUT

15

Jonathan

OUT

16

Kayrene

OUT

text: In episode 5, contestants Lacey and Spencer switch teams instead of being eliminated, Lacey on Chef Anne's Team and Spencer on Chef Tyler's team.

text: Season 13: Celebrity Edition 4[edit]

text: Tyler Florence returns with Anne Burrell to host season 4 of the Celebrity Edition. This is the first Celebrity Edition to not feature Rachael Ray as a judge. The season premiered on April 15, 2018.[20]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

La Toya Jackson

61

Singer & Icon

Winner May 20

Ian Ziering

53

Actor

Runner-Up May 20

Catherine Bach

64

The Dukes of Hazzard Star

Eliminated May 13

Oscar Nunez

59

The Office Star

Maria Bamford

48

Comedienne

Eliminated May 6

Nolan Gould

19

Modern Family Star

Eliminated April 29

Bronson Pinchot

58

Actor

Eliminated April 22

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

La Toya

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Ian

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Catherine

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

OUT

4

Oscar

BTM

BTM

BTM

IN

OUT

5

Maria

IN

IN

IN

OUT

6

Nolan

SAVE

IN

OUT

7

Bronson

IN

OUT

text: Season 14: 2018[edit]

text: Robert Irvine joins Anne Burrell to host season 14.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Bradley Garcia

22

Miami, Florida

Model

Sarah Harris

23

Porum, Oklahoma

Janese Henry

30

Spring Lake, North Carolina

Stay-at-Home Mom

Jessica Paulson

26

Oakley, California

EMT

Rudy Rehburg

30

Chicago, Illinois

Property Preservation Specialist

Frank Scuderi

40

Maple Shade, New Jersey

Operations Manager

Timmy Thok

29

New York, New York

Underwear Model

Carla Waddell

46

Alexandria, Virginia

Human Resources

Kimberly Worthy

33

Atlanta, Georgia

Writer

Eliminated August 26

Copan Combs

30

Stillwater, Oklahoma

Academic Recruiter

Eliminated August 26

Linda Martin

60

Somerville, Massachusetts

Retired

Eliminated August 19

Marcus Ellis

51

Queens, New York

Mental Health Counselor

Eliminated August 19

Maryann Rapisarda

67

Valdosta, Georgia

Retired

Eliminated August 12

Robbie DeRaffele

30

Hackensack, New Jersey

Superman Impersonator

Eliminated August 12

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Bradley

IN
IN
WIN

2

Sarah

WIN
WIN
IN

3

Janese

IN
IN
BTM

4

Jessica

IN
IN
IN

5

Rudy

IN
BTM
IN

6

Frank

WIN
IN
IN

7

Timmy

IN
WIN
BTM

8

Carla

IN
IN
WIN

9

Kimberly

IN
BTM

OUT

10

Copan

BTM
IN

OUT

11

Linda

IN

OUT

12

Marcus

BTM

OUT

13

Maryann

OUT

14

Robbie

OUT

text: Judging records[edit]

text:
Judge

Wins

Losses

Anne Burrell

8

5

Bobby Flay

2

1

Rachael Ray

2

2

Tyler Florence

1

3

Beau MacMillan

0

1

Robert Irvine

0

1