document_title: List of Jersey Shore episodes

question_text: when did season 6 of jersey shore start

question_tokens: when did season 6 of jersey shore start

text: List of Jersey Shore episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
9
December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)
January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)

2
13
July 29, 2010 (2010-07-29)
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)

3
13
January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06)
March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)

4
12
August 4, 2011 (2011-08-04)
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)

5
11
January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)
March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)

6
13
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2009–10)[edit]

text: For the first quarter of 2010, season 1 of Jersey Shore was the highest-rated original cable series among 12- to 34-year-olds, with a season-high 2.6 rating for the finale.[1] The season also ranked #1 for its time period versus all cable competition among 12- to 34-year-olds.[1] The season finale was MTV's highest-rated original series telecast in almost two years.[1] Overall, the season averaged 2.7 million viewers.[2] The season featured five special episodes, including a half-hour show titled Jersey Shore: After Hours hosted by Julissa Bermudez which aired occasionally after select episodes featuring cast members discussing the week's episode.

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)[3]

1
1
"A New Family"
December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)[a]
1.38[4]

Summer at the Jersey Shore kicks off when eight soon-to-be roommates move into their summer share. Romance heats up between Sammi and Mike, but all might be lost when the guys invite three random girls to join them in the hot tub. Meanwhile, Snooki comes on way too strong, and finds herself the outcast. She can only hope that first impressisons won't be lasting impressions.

2
2
"The Tanned Triangle"
December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)[a]
1.38[4]

Still feeling like the outcast, Snooki tells the others that she's leaving the Shore. And the roommates' first night out at the club gets flirty, proving that the boyfriends back home might, in fact, have something to worry about. And what started with Mike and Sammi turns into a love triangle that threatens to divide the house.

3
3
"Good Riddance"
December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10)
2.12[4]

The love triangle gets even more intense when Ronnie catches Sammi giving her number to another guy. And a housemate chooses to leave the Shore for good.
Note:      Angelina voluntarily leaves the house.

4
4
"Fade To Black"
December 17, 2009 (2009-12-17)
2.48[5]

After a night out at the club, Pauly D and Mike have to juggle multiple groups of girls. And mayhem breaks out when a fight erupts at a bar, and one of the housemates goes down.

5
5
"Just Another Day at the Shore"
January 1, 2010 (2010-01-01)
N/A

The roommates rally around Snooki, and the unexpected result of the brutal punch is that it actually brings the house closer. Sam meets Ronnie's parents.

6
6
"Boardwalk Blowups"
January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07)
3.27[6]

When Mike invites girls back to the house, the situation gets out of control, and Snooki gets into her second fight of the summer. Meanwhile, Ronnie gets into a brawl of his own, leaving Sammi questioning their relationship.

7
7
"What Happens in AC"
January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)[b]
3.60[7]

The roommates head to Atlantic City where fun turns to fury when Mike manages to antagonize both Snooki and J-WOWW. One roommate reveals that she used to have an eating disorder.

8
8
"One Shot"
January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)[b]
3.60[7]

The summer's winding down, but the drama doesn't stop. Pauly has a stalker and a fight lands another roommate in jail.

9
9
"That's How The Shore Goes"
January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)
4.83[8]

Ronnie is released from his night in the slammer and the guys comfort Snooki after she has a bad encounter with her ex-boyfriend. The housemates wrap things up at the Shore as summer draws to a close, but not before one final house hot tub hook up.

text:
^[a] Episodes 1.01 and 1.02 premiered back-to-back.
^[b] Episodes 1.07 and 1.08 aired back-to-back.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
3
Julissa Bermudez
December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10)

Things get heated when Angelina, Mike and Sammi stop by to discuss all the happenings in this week's episode.[9]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Julissa Bermudez
January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07)

Snooki, Ronnie and The Situation discuss the happenings in this week's episode.[10]

Jersey Shore: Spoof'd
-
Cast
January 16, 2010 (2010-01-16)

A half-hour special titled Jersey Shore: Spoof'd aired on January 16, 2010, featuring the original cast audition tapes and cast commentary highlighting internet and television spoofs that have sprung up as a direct response to the show.[11]

Jersey Shore: Reunion
9
Julissa Bermudez
January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)

Questions are answered when Snooki, The Situation, J-WOWW, DJ Pauly D, Angelina, Ronnie, Sammi and Vinny return for more fights and insight into what truly happened down at the Jersey Shore.[12]
Viewers: 4.0 million[8]

Jersey Shore: Before The Shore
-
Julissa Bermudez
January 28, 2010 (2010-01-28)

In this special episode watch never-before-seen footage of the cast before they leave for the Jersey Shore house.[13]

text: Season 2 (2010)[edit]

text: On January 29, 2010, MTV announced that a second season of the series consisting of 13 episodes had been ordered and would air in Summer 2010.[14][15][16] MTV announced that the second season would follow all of the first season cast as they "escape the cold northeast and find themselves in a new destination".[14][15] The second season was shot in the South Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, Florida in April & May 2010. The second season began on July 29, 2010.[17][18] For Season 2, the After Hours specials were expanded to one hour and received Top 15 Weekly Cable ratings. Like season 1, this season featured special episodes titled Jersey Shore: Hook-Up. Like Season 1's episodes, these are hosted by Kenny Santucci from the Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat and shown on MTV.com.

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

10
1
"Goin' South"
July 29, 2010 (2010-07-29)
5.25[19]

The Jersey Shore crew is headed to Miami! While The Situation, Pauly D, Snooki and JWoww road trip down the east coast, the rest of the gang hop on planes to fly south for the winter. There, they are shocked by the surprise arrival of former housemate Angelina and the drama picks up right where it left off in Seaside. Ron and Sam are newly single -- or are they? She says she still has feelings for him and wants to rekindle their relationship. But when tensions boil over, she is left at home -- alone and brokenhearted -- while he gets crazy at the club.

11
2
"The Hangover"
August 5, 2010 (2010-08-05)
5.03[20]

Sammi tries to figure out what Ronnie really did at the club the night before, but no one is saying. And when Angelina interrupts Pauly's game, we see a whole new side of the usually calm Pauly D.

12
3
"Creepin'"
August 12, 2010 (2010-08-12)
5.51[21]

Angelina swallows her pride and apologizes to the girls. Back at the house, The Situation, Vinny and Pauly D have a close encounter with grenades in the hot tub, while Ronnie continues to creep behind Sammi's back.

13
4
"Breaking Up"
August 19, 2010 (2010-08-19)
5.50[22]

Ronnie's bad behavior puts Snooki, Angelina and JWoww in a tough spot. Together the girls decide to write an "anonymous" letter to Sammi that reveals the entire truth.

14
5
"The Letter"
August 26, 2010 (2010-08-26)
5.82[23]

Sammi finds Snooki and Jenni's "anonymous" letter, and this time it's really over with Ronnie -- at least for now. Meanwhile, Mike, Vinny and Pauly ("MVP") have their hands full juggling four girls in one night.

15
6
"Not So Shore"
September 2, 2010 (2010-09-02)
6.54[24]

The anonymous note causes tension between the girls, culminating in a full-blown cat fight. After spending another night in bed with Vinny, Snooki reveals a not-so-little known fact about her pinkeye-prone cuddle buddy.

16
7
"Sleeping with the Enemy"
September 9, 2010 (2010-09-09)
6.38[25]

The roommates deal with fallout from the girls' fight; Angelina starts dating Jose, a guy from the club; and Jenni and Snooki don homemade HazMat suits to clean up the Smush Room in preparation for Snooki's hook-up.

17
8
"All in the Family"
September 12, 2010 (2010-09-12)[c]
5.71[26][d]

When news gets out that Angelina and Vinny hooked up, Mike threatens to tell Jose. Vinny's family comes to visit, and Vinny and Pauly find the girls of their dreams, but one of their hearts will be broken.

18
9
"Dirty Pad"
September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)
5.95[27]

Things go south for Angelina when the roommates learn that she slept with Jose after smushing Vinny. Then she gets too close to a guy Snooki hooked up with. But it's the last straw when The Situation discovers more unpleasantness in the bathroom.

19
10
"Gone, Baby, Gone"
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)
6.72[28]

The Situation reunites with his Canadian hottie, providing entertainment for the whole house. And Angelina tells her roommates how she really feels about them, sending Snooki into a frenzy.
Note:      Angelina voluntarily left the house and leaves the series

20
11
"Girls Like That"
October 7, 2010 (2010-10-07)
5.35[29]

Vinny decides between two sets of girls. Meanwhile, with Angelina gone, Snooki thinks it's time that she and JWoww bury the hatchet with Sammi. But Snooki's happiness is short-lived as The Situation becomes increasingly belligerent with her.

21
12
"Deja Vu All Over Again"
October 14, 2010 (2010-10-14)
5.68[30]

Everyone is frustrated with The Situation for being off his game -- he gets the roommates kicked out of a club, gets the car towed, practically burns down the house, and proves to be a failure as a wingman for Pauly D. Twice!

22
13
"Back Into The Fold"
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
6.07[31]

Pauly D and Vinny each have a final date with their Miami girls, while Sammi and Ronnie's last supper quickly devolves into a fight. Then JWoww stirs things up between Pauly D and The Situation, leading to a drama-filled final night in the hot tub.

text:
^[c] Aired on a Sunday night at 7 p.m. ET before the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards.[32]
^[d] MTV did not re-air the episode on TV or online after the initial showing until its usual time-slot the following Thursday Sept. 16, 2010. Upon re-airing, the episode received 3.75 million viewers.[33]

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Julissa Bermudez
September 2, 2010 (2010-09-02)

Ronnie, Sammi, Snooki, and JWoww talk about the drama that went down on Episode 6.[34]
Viewers: 4.36 million[35]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Julissa Bermudez
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)

Angelina may have left Miami, but that does not mean she's off the hook. Watch her former housemates confront her on 'Jersey shore After Hours'.[36]
Viewers: 4.68 million[37]

Jersey Shore: Reunion
-
Julissa Bermudez
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' (except Angelina) is back together to dish the dirt on Miami. From bromances and romances to the infamous note and the fights that followed, the cast tells all.[38]
Viewers: 3.34 million[39]

text: Season 3 (2011)[edit]

text: Season 3 was shot back in Seaside Heights, New Jersey over the summer;[40] filming began on July 25, 2010 and ended on September 4, 2010.[41] On July 20, 2010, MTV announced that the entire cast will return for the third season, with the exception of Angelina Pivarnick.[42] Angelina was replaced by Deena Nicole Cortese, a longtime friend of Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi and a self-described "blast in a glass".[43]

text: Although the season is widely reported and regarded as the third season of the show, MTV refers to it as a continuation of season 2 on their website.[44] Season three premiered on January 6, 2011 to 8.45 million viewers, making it MTV's highest-rated telecast.[45] The second episode of the season once again set a series and MTV high, with 8.56 million viewers,[46] only to set another record with the airing of the fourth episode, which garnered 8.87 million viewers.[47]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

23
1
"Back to the Shore"
January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06)
8.45[45]

New roommate Deena moves into the house and is welcomed by some of the roommates. The house gets off to an interesting start when Snooki confronts Vinny about him and her best friend Ryder and Deena "accidentally" gets naked in front of Mike. Leftover tension from Miami spills over to Seaside Heights when new girl Deena gets into a heated argument with Sammi which leads to a fist fight between Sammi and Jenni ending in a cliffhanger.
Note:      Deena enters the series.

24
2
"It's Gonna Be An Interesting Summer"
January 13, 2011 (2011-01-13)
8.56[46]

The fight between Sammi and JWoww causes additional tension in the house. Ronnie and Sammi continue to isolate themselves, missing the first family dinner, to the surprise and disappointment of all the roommates. Mike lets Ronnie know about the general feeling at the house. Ronnie decides to hang out and have fun with the rest of the house, leaving Sammi feeling all alone and reminiscent of Miami.

25
3
"Where's the Beach?"
January 17, 2011 (2011-01-17)[e]
7.70[48]

Sammi sets out to make amends with Snooki and Deena. A night in the club turns romantic for Jenni when she runs into an old flame named Roger, who may or may not have a girlfriend. Deena gets kicked out within the first five minutes for being too drunk. Mike meets one of the girls he hooked up with last year named Paula and Pauly's stalker returns and throws a drink at him. The next day Snooki is extremely hung over and has to go to work. After sneaking a couple of drinks she runs off drinking more and more. After a huge crowd appears to watch her creating a scene Snooki is arrested.

26
4
"Free Snooki"
January 20, 2011 (2011-01-20)
8.87[47]

Snooki is released from jail but faces her father's voice on the phone which is not happy. Jenni continues to meet with Roger and quickly grows feelings for him. Tom continues to call the house and cause problems with Jenni escalating into a heated argument on the phone and a destroyed relationship. Snooki is lifted from her depressed state after she meets Nick who she hooks up with. Deena meets a Ronnie look-alike only to find out that he has a girlfriend. Later, Jenni has to return to her home because Tom left, leaving her dogs at home alone. She and Snooki leave the Shore and reach home within 9 hours to find her dogs safe, but a number of her most important items, including a hard drive, have been stolen.

27
5
"Drunk Punch Love"
January 27, 2011 (2011-01-27)
8.83[49]

Snooki's friend Ryder stops by for a visit and lucky enough it's her birthday. Snooki and Jenni return to Jersey with Jenni's dogs who are welcomed at the house by everyone. Sammi and Ronnie's relationship continues to strain and after a heated argument after the club, Ronnie throws all her stuff around the room and tells her to leave. Ronnie starts to second guess himself. Jenni comforts him and they bury the hatchet from Miami. Mike brings home a girl, but her friend is wandering down the house so Vinny pulls out the Grenade Whistle to warn Mike. Vinny's girl's family comes to pick her up which makes Vinny uncomfortable. Jenni gives Ronnie a hug which is caught by Sammi. Sammi loses it and thinks she is all alone in the shore house. As a response to the newfound friendship between Ronnie and Jenni, she punches Ronnie in the face. She quickly plans to leave but with the help of everyone she apologizes to Ronnie and stays. Jenni and Roger continue to date and also Deena and Dean, but Mike finds out a dirty secret which ends their relationship. Also Snooki and Vinny buy a stripper pole for the house and Sammi and Jenni make up and become friends again.

28
6
"Should We Just Break Up?"
February 3, 2011 (2011-02-03)
8.26[50]

Now that Sammi and JWoww are friends again everyone is all about having a good time. Ronnie's drinking gets serious when he has to take a painful trip to the doctors. Deena hooks up with one of Ronnie's friends after a night in the club. Snooki also meets a guy and hooks up with him but after a romantic date on the boardwalk, he reveals that he was kind of engaged. Snooki immediately breaks up with him and he continues to call the house forcing Pauly D to hang up on him pretending to be an operator. Sammi and Ronnie's relationship continues to crumble especially when Sammi starts to hang around the girls more. Pauly has an encounter with his stalker but they make peace. In the end, Ronnie and Sammi get into a heated argument which ends with them ultimately breaking up.

29
7
"Cabs Are Here!"
February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)
7.85[51]

Despite Ronnie and Sammi's break up, their arguing is causing problems in the house. Ronnie confronts Mike about Miami which ends up into a heated argument in the kitchen but Mike ultimately apologizes to Ron to calm him down. JWoww goes on a date with Roger but keeps getting interrupted by his friends. Shortly after, the girls convince Sammi to go out and take a break from the tension between her and Ronnie but when Ronnie finds out he gets mad and starts to wreck their room and throwing Sammi's belongings onto the porch, including the bed on which she was standing. The roommates hear the ruckus and realize that this was not just an argument but a physical altercation between Sam and Ron. Sammi goes on a rampage throwing fists, threatening and breaking the door and blinds. Ronnie also has to get held back. Sammi immediately goes out with the girls and starts to make Ronnie jealous by dancing with another guy. Ronnie leaves the club and returns home only to destroy all of Sammi's belongings. He breaks down crying and when Sammi returns home she sees the mess and also breaks down realizing that she does not deserve this. She calls a cab, says goodbye to everyone and leaves the Shore.
Note:      Sammi voluntarily left the house.

30
8
"The Great Depression"
February 17, 2011 (2011-02-17)
7.64[52]

After Sammi leaves the house, Ronnie is an emotional wreck. With the girls taking Sammi's side and the guys not knowing how to cheer him up, Ronnie feels like he has no friends left in the house. Meanwhile, The Situation tries to hook up with Pauly D's ex-girlfriend. Also, the crew makes fun of Deena because of her "situation" and she ultimately has a nervous breakdown after the club and becomes upset because of their constant putdowns toward her. Ronnie then has a heart-to-heart talk with her and convinces her to not leave. Ronnie then wonders if he should stay in Jersey also, until Deena convinces him to stay.

31
9
"Kissing Cousins"
February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24)
7.73[53]

Snooki realizes thanks to Jenni that her two previous hookups are actually related. Ronnie contemplates again on leaving but he calls his dad to help him out before he realizes that wherever he goes, he will continue to feel crappy. Mike becomes annoyed by Snooki and Deena to the point where he sets up a prank that sends the duo to Times Square. Despite pulling off the best prank yet, he gets left behind by the boys after taking a long time getting ready. The girls return and make Mike feel as if his prank did not work. In the end, the group gets ready to go out until Sammi makes her return to the shore.

32
10
"A Cheesy Situation"
March 3, 2011 (2011-03-03)
7.77[54]

Ronnie is shocked to see Sammi return. At the club, he tries to get back on her good side but she gives him the cold shoulder for now. Snooki tells Sam that she has feelings for Vinny but is heartbroken when she finds him "smushing" a girl he brought home from the club. The gang goes out bowling and realize Deena is a bad driver and Sammi and Jenni try to get Vinny to talk to Snooki about her feelings and their relationship. Then the roommates finally cannot stand the clogged toilet and decide to call a plumber who finds a tank top in the toilet. Ronnie, Sam, and Snooki play a prank on Mike by covering his bed with grated cheese that causes him to believe the girl he brought home has a yeast infection and Vinny and Snooki finally talk about their relationship.
Note:      Sammi returns to the house.

33
11
"Gym, Tan, Find Out Who Sammi Is Texting"
March 10, 2011 (2011-03-10)
7.20[55]

Vinny and Pauly head to Staten Island to visit Vinny's family. Deena, Jenni, Snooki, Ronnie and Sammi head out for a "Female GTL" of manicures and pedicures and Mike gets left behind, again. Ronnie and Sam rekindle their relationship by kissing where she then felt confused on the matter. Later, Jenni, Ronnie, Sammi and Vinny go tanning where Vinny gets a spray tan. While driving back to the house, Jenni apparently sees her friend Roger driving with another woman and she leaves him an angry message on his phone. The roommates do some investigating and realize she has made a mistake. Ronnie, Vinny and Pauly play with kites and Sammi, Snooki, and Deena decide to "bomb" the boys with water balloons where the boys retaliate. Roger calls and gets angry with Jenni for not trusting him and misinterpreting his actions. Ronnie and Sam try to work out their relationship but she does not feel ready yet. Then the gang hits the club where Mike meets an old friend named Arvin who was there to meet Sam. He shows Mike texts between him and Sam. Mike shows the rest of the group the same conversation to show he was not starting drama. Snooki and Deena confront Sammi about the texts but she denies it. Ronnie and Sam confront Mike and Arvin about the texts where Ronnie gets mad about the matter. In the end, Sam gets mad at Mike for being shady and Ronnie backs up Mike. Ron and Sam fight over what happened between Arvin and herself.

34
12
"A House Divided"
March 17, 2011 (2011-03-17)
6.60[56]

Vinny treats Snooki to burgers; however, to Snooki’s dismay, Vinny uses their tete-a-tete as a venue for discussing his sexual exploits from the night before. Shortly thereafter, Vinny undergoes an anxiety-ridden ear piercing at the T-shirt shop, and Pauly announces that Vinny looks "fresh to death" (the onlookers ostensibly concur). That night, after Pauly and the newly bejeweled Vinny heckle Deena for her denim-heavy attire, the crew ventures to Aztec. Meanwhile, Sam and Ronnie remain at home. Sam apologizes for having texted Arvin and insists that their relationship is platonic; Ronnie accepts, and the two sleep together. Some time later, Pauly and Vinny reluctantly return from the club with a suboptimal selection of females. Vinny, pierced and assertive, eventually evicts the girls and attempts to drag Snooki across the floor to his bedroom, aggravating her and their inchoate romance. The next morning, Ronnie’s mother calls the house and, thoroughly intoxicated, complains to Mike about her lack of trust in Ron's girlfriend. After Ron returns home, Mike suggests to him that Sam’s relationship with Arvin is suspicious. But Sam interrupts their summit, and the house quickly divides along gender lines. As the episode ends, Ronnie discovers from Arvin himself that Sam has lied about the nature of her relationship. He storms out to confront the lover who, he proclaims, is "the biggest liar in the world."

35
13
"At the End of the Day"
March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)
7.61[57]

After Ronnie calls Arvin (to find out that Sammi has been cheating on Ronnie with Arvin) a angry Ronnie confronts Sam. She goes to the phone and confronts Arvin, who says they did kiss, but she says they didn't. After a heated argument, Ronnie angrily hangs up the phone, leaving Ronnie "feeling like a fool." Sammi confesses that a few years ago she did hook up with Arvin, and apologizes, but Ronnie leaves her by herself anyway. Ron, Snooki, and Vinny are working on the last day, but Ronnie decides to "sleep" on the job, only for Danny to spill water on him. The gang get ready for a night at the shore store where Danny is barbecuing. There, they meet up with friends and family, such as JWoww's dad, Snooki's friend, Danielle, and Pauly's friends from home, (Biggie and Jerry), as well as Roger and Deena's friend Lisa and her uncle. Pauly DJs while Vinny wants to hook up with Lisa, but Deena becomes stubborn and takes Lisa away from Vinny. Deena and Vinny argue, as Vinny calls her "Angelina" starting some drama between them. Mike apologizes for being nosy to Sammi, and she accepts wondering why he was so nosy. The guys hit it up at Karma, where Roger and JWoww become a couple. Snooki hooks up with Nick one last time; Ron and Sam get into a new fight for the summer to everyone's unpleasantness. Ronnie and Sammi question whether they will get back together or not, leading to them just staying friends--for now. The guys prepare to leave, while Ron regrets ever dating Sammi. They all say their goodbyes and leave the Shore again.

text: ^[e] Episode aired on a Monday night at 9 p.m. ET before the series premiere of Skins.[58]

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
4
Julissa Bermudez
January 20, 2011 (2011-01-20)

JWoww, Snooki and Deena talked about what happened on Episode 3 and 4; JWOWW opens up about her relationship with Tom.
Viewers: 4.77 million[59]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Julissa Bermudez
February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)

Ronnie is joined by JWoww, Mike, Vinny, and Pauly discuss Sammi's departure, grenades and Pauly D's stalker.
Viewers: 5.44 million[60]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Julissa Bermudez
March 3, 2011 (2011-03-03)[61]

Snooki, Mike 'The Situation', Vinny and Deena discuss the toilet situation, Snooki and Vinny's "relationship", Mike pranking Deena and Snooki in Episode 9 and Snooki, Sam, and Ronnie pranking Mike in Episode 10.
Viewers: 4.0 million[62]

text: Season 4 (2011)[edit]

text: MTV renewed Jersey Shore for a fourth season on January 24, 2011. It was the first to be shot overseas, this time following the cast in Florence, Italy.[63] Filming went from May to June 20, 2011[64] and the fourth season premiered on August 4, 2011. The fourth season aired for 12 episodes and finished airing on October 20, 2011.

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

36
1
"Going To Italia"
August 4, 2011 (2011-08-04)
8.78[65]

The Jersey Shore cast reunite and head off to Florence, Italy. While there the cast stay in a converted town house. Mike expresses interest in Snooki, but she has a boyfriend back home. Things are awkward between Ronnie and Sam after they ended their turbulent relationship. While trying to find somewhere to eat the girls get lost, whereas the boys find their way to a pizzeria and then the gym. Mike tells Ron that while they weren't filming he and Snooki slept together, more than once. The cast then go out to a club called Otel, Mike tries to kiss Snooki and she declines. Deena then openly kisses Pauly.

37
2
"Like More Than a Friend"
August 11, 2011 (2011-08-11)
7.37[66]

Exes Ron and Sammi try to work on their relationship. Mike tried taking his friendship with Snooki to the next level and the gang learns they'll be working at a pizzeria.

38
3
"Twinning"
August 18, 2011 (2011-08-18)
7.79[67]

Deena pulls a "robbery" on both Mike and Vinny with a pair of female twins: Mike tells everyone he hooked up with Snooki; Ron and Sammi talk things out and get back together.

39
4
"Crime and Punishment"
August 25, 2011 (2011-08-25)
8.47[68]

The guys harass Deena for pulling a robbery on them; Ron and Sammi are back to their old ways and this time Mike gets involved in their drama.

40
5
"And The Wall Won"
August 28, 2011 (2011-08-28)
8.08[69]

Mike and Ronnie come to blows over Mike's meddling ways, and Mike leaves the house on a stretcher due to hitting his own head on the concrete wall. Neither party hurt each other during the fight. Ronnie and Sam break up again, and Ronnie decides not to bring a girl home from the club that night. On the way home from the club, Ronnie buys Sam a rose. Meanwhile back in the house, Sam is not fully sure if he brought home a girl or not.

41
6
"Fist Pump, Push-Ups, Chapstick"
September 8, 2011 (2011-09-08)
6.81[70]

Pauly and Vinny put on a "guido-theme" comedy show; Snooki becomes so distraught over her relationship woes that the girls decide to intervene; Ron and Sam try to patch things up once again.

42
7
"Meatball Mashup"
September 15, 2011 (2011-09-15)
6.97[71]

The gang hits the beach during a trip to the Italian coast. Later, when they get back to Florence, Snooki and Deena have a run-in with the police.

43
8
"Where Is My Boyfriend?"
September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)
6.49[72]

Snooki and Deena are released from the police station after their accident. Later, Snooki's boyfriend Jionni visits, but their romantic reunion comes to an abrupt halt, and a sobbing Snooki ends the night alone on the streets of Florence.

44
9
"Three Men and a Snooki"
September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29)
7.06[73]

Snooki is devastated over her big fight with Jionni, and decides to take a break from the relationship. Mike thinks it's finally his chance to win her over, but it's someone else who ends up comforting her. Meanwhile, Deena has a pregnancy scare.

45
10
"Damage Is Done"
October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06)
6.59[74]

The boys visit Vinny's family in Sicily, while the girls head to Tuscany for a wine tour. Later, Snooki learns the truth about her and Vinny's hookup, and she decides to come clean to Jionni.

46
11
"Situation Problems"
October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13)
6.472[75]

Deena continues to pursue Pauly. Later, she and Snooki get an icy reception at a nightclub. Meanwhile, Mike is back to stirring up drama, prompting the whole house to turn on him.

47
12
"Ciao, Italia"
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)
6.63[76]

The gang gets ready to say good-bye to Italy and head back to Seaside Heights in the Season 4 finale, but tensions between Mike and the rest of the roommates leave him doubtful that he'll be joining them back at the Jersey Shore.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: From the First Fist Pump

July 28, 2011 (2011-07-28)

Jersey Shore: After Hours
5
Amy Paffrath
September 1, 2011 (2011-09-01)

Ronnie, The Situation, Vinny, Sammi, and Deena stop by to discuss the fight between Ronnie and The Situation, Deena's surprise hookup with Pauly D, and Deena pulling the "robbery" on Vinny and The Situation.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Amy Paffrath
September 15, 2011 (2011-09-15)

Snooki, J-WOWW, Deena, and The Situation stop by to discuss The Situation and Snooki's alleged hookup.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
12
Amy Paffrath
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' is back together to dish on the dirt that happened in Italy. From the smooshing and romances to the fight and the Deena hookup, the cast tells all.

text: Season 5 (2012)[edit]

text: Jersey Shore was renewed for a fifth season. Filming started weeks after their return from Italy, June 27, 2011[77] and ended August 1, 2011. It premiered on January 5, 2012 and follows the cast returning to Seaside Heights, New Jersey after spending the fourth season in Italy.

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

48
1
"Hurricane Situation"
January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)
7.60[78]

The roommates return from Italy and couldn't be more excited to get back to the Jersey Shore. But a drama storm is brewing as The Situation threatens to destroy Snooki's relationship with Jionni. Snooki gets into a screaming match with "The Unit" and leaves everyone questioning the rumor of her and Mike.

49
2
"One Man Down"
January 12, 2012 (2012-01-12)
6.49[79]

Vinny weighs his options: Should he stay at the Jersey Shore house or head home to Staten Island? Snooki fights with Jionni, and the roommates are back to their usual antics- partying and tanning to the extreme. Vinny ultimately leaves the house.
Note:      Vinny voluntarily left the house.

50
3
"Dropping Like Flies"
January 19, 2012 (2012-01-19)
6.16[80]

The roommates struggle to adjust to life at the shore without Vinny, while The Situation confronts his own internal demons. But it's also Pauly D's birthday -- and he gets the best present of his life! Mike deals with jealousy and storms out of the house.
Note:      Mike voluntarily left the house.

51
4
"Free Vinny"
January 26, 2012 (2012-01-26)
6.53[81]

The Situation returns only to find out that Danny has threatened to get new roommates. The girls hire strippers for Pauly D and The Situation's wild birthday party. The night out turns ugly when Sammi gets into a huge bar fight. The cast then goes to Staten Island to get back Vinny.
Note:      Mike returns to the house.

52
5
"Nothing But Nice"
February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02)
5.69[82]

Vinny returns and everyone celebrates. The Situation tries hard to be nice but ends up annoying the boys. Snooki struggles with an uncomfortable condition.
Note:      Vinny returns to the house.

53
6
"The Follow Game"
February 9, 2012 (2012-02-09)
5.42

The Situation secretly gathers information to bring down one of his roommates -- and for once it isn't Snooki. JWoww's relationship with her boyfriend starts to fall apart when she questions his priorities, and Pauly D discovers he has a new stalker.

54
7
"Love at the Jersey Shore"
February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)
5.35[83]

All of the roommates are focused on courting their current flames, but there is never peace in the house. One of the roommates causes drama with Snooki and Deena, while JWoww's skimpy outfit creates a problem for Roger. Everyone goes to Karma and the club is going crazy with fights and other chaos. The roommates prepare to fight if they have to but when someone touches JWoww the wrong way, Roger snaps and fights the guy.

55
8
"Sharp Objects"
February 23, 2012 (2012-02-23)
5.23[84]

Mike prepares to confront Jionni; Deena and Snooki go fishing on a boat, and try to survive a near-death experience by a shark attack; Snooki buys a mini-bike for Ronnie; JWoww confronts Pauly's stalker; Snooki and Vinny may have a relationship when they spend a night together drinking.

56
9
"The Truth Will Set You Free"
March 1, 2012 (2012-03-01)
5.30[85]

When The Situation and The Unit decide to stir up trouble, The Unit lands in jail; meanwhile, JWoww plans an anniversary surprise for her boyfriend and Pauly D and Vinny play a prank on JWoww. Pauly D spots Angelina briefly at Jenkinson's.

57
10
"One Meatball Stands Alone"
March 8, 2012 (2012-03-08)
4.84[86]

A huge fight breaks out after Mike tells Jionni he hooked up with Snooki; Deena faces a difficult truth about Joey; some of the roommates go camping while Pauly and Vinny pull off a big prank.

58
11
"We Are Family"
March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)
4.99[87]

Another summer in Seaside Heights comes to a close as Hurricane Irene batters the East Coast in the Season 5 finale. As the gang prepares to leave, Mike continues to cause trouble by starting a rumor about Deena's sister, while Pauly and Vinny pull one more prank on the roommates. The roommates say goodbye to Seaside Heights with tears and hugs, unaware if they will return.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
2
Amy Paffrath
January 14, 2012 (2012-01-14)

The Situation, Pauly D, Snooki, and Deena stop by to discuss about Snooki's alleged hookup with The Situation. Things go awry when Mike and Snooki get into a serious argument which leads to crying, screaming and Mike walking off the stage.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
4
Amy Paffrath
January 26, 2012 (2012-01-26)

Vinny, Deena, Pauly D, and The Situation chat about Vinny's return to Seaside, Pauly D's numerous hook-ups and The Situation's birthday blues.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Amy Paffrath
February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)

It's ladies night as JWoww, Snooki, Deena, and Sammi come together to discuss JWoww's relationship issues with Roger and guidette problems.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
11
Amy Paffrath
March 22, 2012 (2012-03-22)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' is back together to dish about all the drama in Seaside Heights. The cast tell all and Mike leaves the reunion briefly as the cast talks about his drama.[38]

text: Season 6 (2012)[edit]

text: On March 19, 2012, MTV confirmed that the series would return for a sixth season at Seaside Heights, with the whole cast returning. Snooki, being pregnant, lived next door to the shore house.[88] On August 30, 2012 it was confirmed that Season 6 would be the final season of the show.[89] Jersey Shore Season 6: The Uncensored Final Season was released on DVD, March 19, 2013.[90]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)

59
1
"Once More On to the Beach"
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
4.69[91]

The cast return to the shore for their last summer in the Seaside Heights house in the premiere of the sixth and final season. Mike opens up about his time in rehab and Snooki faces the challenge of being pregnant in a party house.

60
2
"No Shame, Good Integrity"
October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)
4.17[91]

Deena copes with being away from her boyfriend; Snooki makes a shocking announcement.

61
3
"Toxic Shots Syndrome"
October 11, 2012 (2012-10-11)
2.82[92]

Snooki moves out; Mike struggles through his recovery; Deena copes with being away from her meatball
Note:      Snooki voluntarily left the house due to her pregnancy & moves next door.

62
4
"Blues, Balls & Brawls"
October 11, 2012 (2012-10-11)
3.15[92]

Jenni plans a surprise birthday party for Roger; a brawl breaks out at a club.

63
5
"Merp Walk"
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)
3.17[93]

Jenni learns the full extent of her injury. Mike considers taking things with Paula to the next level. When Deena holds Meatball Auditions, she ends up getting arrested by Seaside Heights Police.

64
6
"Let's Make It Official"
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)
2.96[94]

Jenni fears that her relationship with Roger is in jeopardy; Mike has second thoughts about his relationship with Paula.

65
7
"Great Meatballs of Fire"
November 1, 2012 (2012-11-01)
2.46[95]

Mike is confused by relationship rules; Deena goes back to her meatball ways.

66
8
"Control the Crazy"
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)
2.80[96]

Sammi confronts Deena about her antics; Mike and the roommates learn about Paula's wild side.

67
9
"Make It Unofficial"
November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)
2.74[97]

Jenni plans a shower for Snooki; the guys support Mike's decision to break up with Paula.

68
10
"Shore Shower"
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)
2.41[98]

The Meatballs reconnect; the house discusses Jionni's failings as a father; Vinny nearly has a threesome; Vinny is nervous about Jionni's reaction.

69
11
"Awkward!"
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)
2.22[99]

Vinny and Jionni resolve their differences; Mike acknowledges his past mistakes and attempts to make amends.

70
12
"Raining Men and Meatballs"
December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)
2.03[100]

The roommates hold auditions for a temporary party pal for Deena; Mike reveals he used to be a stripper.

71
13
"The Icing on the Cake"
December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)
3.13[101]

As the roommates' final summer in Seaside Heights comes to a close in the series finale, the roommates plan a bonfire party at the beach. At the bonfire, Sammi and Ronnie declare to their parents that they are moving in together, much to their parent's chagrin, with them disapproving their decision, reminding them of all their fights. Pauly, Vinny, and the Situation go to the Shore Store one last time to work, with the Situation choosing not to work and sleep, causing Danny to get annoyed. Vinny and Pauly decide to take Sam and Ron's bed to the roof because of Sammi's earlier prank on the boys, however, they pop the inflatable bed. Upon finding out, Ron gets extremely mad and blames it on Sammi, causing another fight, thus causing them to question their relationship. Sammi and JWoww start baking food for Pauly and the Situation's birthdays, and even pick up a cake for the Situation from Paula. The next day, the gang goes tanning, but discover that Paula had made a guy put his testicles on the cake, and even have a picture to prove it. Mike calls her to ask her if it is true, but she 'pretends' to not hear him, thus confirming the cake, causing the Situation to throw and break the duck phone. On the final day at the Shore, the roommates reminisce about how they've changed since their first time at the Shore house. The roommates acknowledge that they are 'family' and now have friends for life. The series ends with Danny putting a Rent sign up on the shore house and an "In memoriam" for the duck phone.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
5
Amy Paffrath
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)

Snooki, The Situation, Ronnie and JWoww chat about returning to Seaside and the newest meatball.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Amy Paffrath
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Deena, Ronnie, JWoww and Vinny to get the scoop on the big brawl at Karma.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
8
Amy Paffrath
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Deena, Ronnie, Sam, and Vinny to get the dirt on episode 8. Sammi and Deena get into a heated argument.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Amy Paffrath
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)

The boys dish all when MVP and Ronnie chat about what went on during episode 10.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
11
Amy Paffrath
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Snooki, The Situation, Vinny, Sammi and Deena to get all the dirt on episode 11. They also talk about The Situation finally apologizing to Snooki.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
13
Amy Paffrath
December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)

The cast joins together for the last time to say goodbye and to relive the best and most shocking moments in 'Jersey Shore' history.[38]


document_title: Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: who was the first rejected supreme court nomination

root

text: George Washington[edit]

text: George Washington nominated six inaugural candidates to the Supreme Court in 1789, including lawyer and statesman John Jay as Chief Justice, which Jay accepted. Washington officially nominated Jay on September 24, 1789, the same day he signed the Judiciary Act of 1789 (which created the position of Chief Justice) into law and he was confirmed on September 26, 1789. All of the other candidates accepted and were appointed as associate justices except for Robert H. Harrison, who declined to serve. The seat remained empty until the confirmation of James Iredell in 1790.[1]

tag: p

text: Washington nominated William Paterson for the Supreme Court on February 27, 1793.[2] The nomination was withdrawn by the President the following day. Washington had realized that since the law establishing the positions within the Supreme Court had been passed during Paterson's term as a Senator (a post he had resigned in November 1790 after being elected Governor of New Jersey) the nomination was a violation of Article I, Section 6 of the Constitution. Washington re-nominated Paterson to the Court on March 4, 1793, after Paterson's term as Senator had expired, and Paterson was confirmed by the Senate.[2]

text: John Jay resigned as Chief Justice on June 29, 1795, after being elected Governor of New York. The subsequent nomination of John Rutledge as Chief Justice was rejected by a vote of 10–14 on December 15, 1795. Rutledge's strident and vocal opposition to the Jay Treaty may have been the main reason for his rejection. Because he had been a recess appointment, Rutledge served as Chief Justice for one term.[3] Washington nominated Associate Justice William Cushing to replace him as Chief Justice, but Cushing declined the role.[1] Washington then successfully appointed Oliver Ellsworth to serve as the next Chief Justice. [1]

text: John Adams[edit]

text: After Oliver Ellsworth decided to resign from the position of Chief Justice, President John Adams sought to replace Ellsworth with John Jay, who had been the first Chief Justice. Jay was formally nominated, but turned down the position. Adams then successfully nominated his Secretary of State, John Marshall.[4]

text: James Madison[edit]

text: When William Cushing died, James Madison nominated Levi Lincoln Sr. on January 2, 1811. Lincoln declined the nomination.[5] Alexander Wolcott was then nominated, but was rejected by a vote of 9–24 on February 13, 1811.[5] After John Quincy Adams declined a nomination, Madison was finally successful in filling the seat with his appointment of Joseph Story.[1]

text: John Quincy Adams[edit]

text: John Quincy Adams nominated John J. Crittenden on December 18, 1828. The Senate postponed the vote on his confirmation, by a vote of 23–17, on February 12, 1829. The Senate did not explicitly vote to "postpone indefinitely", but the resolution did have that effect.[6] President Andrew Jackson instead filled the position with John McLean.[1]

text: Andrew Jackson[edit]

text: Andrew Jackson nominated Roger B. Taney on January 15, 1835, to be an Associate Justice. A resolution was passed by a Senate vote of 24–21 on March 3, 1835, to postpone the nomination indefinitely.[7] Jackson nominated Taney again on December 28, 1835. After the political composition of the Senate changed the next year, Taney was confirmed as Chief Justice March 15, 1836.[7]

text: In 1837, Jackson nominated William Smith and John Catron to newly created seats. Both were confirmed, but Smith declined to serve. Later that year, President Van Buren appointed John McKinley to fill the vacancy.[1]

text: John Tyler[edit]

text: John Tyler experienced difficulty in obtaining approval of his nominees due to his lack of political support in the Senate. Tyler took office in 1841 after the death of Whig President William Henry Harrison. Tyler had been Harrison's running mate in the 1840 election, but Tyler clashed with the Congressional Whigs over issues such as the national bank, and these clashes extended to judicial nominees.[8]

text: John C. Spencer was nominated on January 9, 1844, and his nomination was defeated by a vote of 21–26 on January 31, 1844. Reuben H. Walworth was nominated on March 13, 1844, and a resolution to table the nomination passed on a 27–20 vote on June 15, 1844. The nomination was withdrawn from the Senate on June 17, 1844. Edward King was nominated on June 5, 1844. A resolution to table the nomination passed by a vote of 29–18 on June 15, 1844. No other action was taken on this nomination.[8]

text: The same day that Walworth's nomination was withdrawn, Spencer was re-submitted, but there is no record of debate and a letter from the President withdrawing the nomination was received on the same day. Walworth was then re-nominated later that same day, but the motion to act on the nomination in the Senate was objected to, and no further action was taken.[8]

text: Walworth and King were re-nominated on December 10, 1844, but both nominations were tabled on January 21, 1845. Walworth's nomination was withdrawn on February 6, 1845, and King's two days later. John M. Read was nominated on February 8, 1845, and there was a motion to consider the nomination in the Senate on January 21, 1845, but the motion was unsuccessful and no other action was taken.[8]

text: James K. Polk[edit]

text: After Henry Baldwin's death in 1844, James K. Polk nominated James Buchanan, who declined the nomination.[9] Polk then nominated George W. Woodward, but the Senate rejected him by a vote of 20–29.[9] Baldwin was finally replaced by Robert Cooper Grier in 1846.[1]

text: Millard Fillmore[edit]

text: Millard Fillmore made three nominations to replace John McKinley, nominating Edward A. Bradford, George Edmund Badger, and William C. Micou, but the Senate did not take action on any of the nominees. President Franklin Pierce filled the vacancy with John Archibald Campbell.[1]

text: James Buchanan[edit]

text: James Buchanan nominated Jeremiah S. Black to the court in 1861 to replace Peter Vivian Daniel. The Senate voted 25–26 against confirming him.[10] President Lincoln filled the seat with Samuel Freeman Miller in 1862.[1]

text: Andrew Johnson[edit]

text: Andrew Johnson took office after the death of Republican President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Johnson, a former Democrat, had been Lincoln's running mate on the National Union ticket of 1864, but Johnson disagreed with Congressional Republicans on several issues, including judicial nominees.

text: Two justices died in office during Johnson's administration, James Moore Wayne and John Catron. Congress, however, passed the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866, which provided for a gradual elimination of seats until only seven were left.[11] Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase had urged for this reduction in the hopes that it would result in an increase of the justices' salaries, which, ironically, did not happen until Congress restored the size of the court to nine members in 1871. Johnson had nominated Henry Stanbery to be an Associate Justice, but due to the reduction of seats, this nomination was nullified.[12]

text: Ulysses S. Grant[edit]

text: Ulysses S. Grant nominated Ebenezer R. Hoar to a new seat on the court. The Senate rejected this nomination by a vote of 24–33.[13]:54 Grant successfully nominated Joseph Bradley for the seat.[1]

text: Grant also nominated Edwin M. Stanton, former Attorney General and Secretary of War to the court.[13]:79 The nomination was eventually confirmed, but Stanton died before he was commissioned.[14] Grant then successfully nominated William Strong.[1]

text: Grant nominated George Henry Williams to be Chief Justice of the United States in 1873, but he later withdrew from consideration.[15] Prior to withdrawal of consideration, the Senate Judiciary Committee declined to recommend confirmation to the entire Senate.[16] Grant then nominated Caleb Cushing for Chief Justice on January 9, 1874, but despite Cushing's great learning and eminence at the bar, his anti-war record and the feeling of distrust experienced by many members of the U.S. Senate on account of his inconsistency, aroused such vigorous opposition that his nomination was withdrawn on January 13, 1874.[17] Grant was successful with his third nomination of Morrison Waite.[1]

text: Rutherford B. Hayes[edit]

text: Early in 1881, President Rutherford B. Hayes nominated Thomas Stanley Matthews for the position of Associate Justice. Matthews was a controversial nominee due to his close ties to the railroad industry,[18] and as the nomination came near the end of Hayes's term, the Senate did not act on it. However, upon succeeding Hayes, incoming President James A. Garfield (who, like Hayes, was a Republican) renominated Matthews, and the Senate confirmed him by a vote of 24 to 23, the narrowest confirmation for a successful U.S. Supreme Court nominee in history. He served on the Court until his death in 1889.[19][20]

text: Chester A. Arthur[edit]

text: In 1882, Chester A. Arthur nominated Roscoe Conkling to serve as an Associate Justice after Ward Hunt resigned.[21] Conkling was confirmed,[22] and then declined the position.[23]

text: After Conkling declined, Arthur nominated George F. Edmunds, who twice declined to serve.[24] Arthur then nominated Samuel Blatchford, who was confirmed and accepted.[25]

text: Grover Cleveland[edit]

text: Associate Justice Samuel Blatchford died in 1893, during the second term of Grover Cleveland.[26] This seat was traditionally held by a New Yorker. Cleveland's first two nominees were not confirmed by the Senate; the nomination of William Hornblower was rejected by the Senate by a vote of 24–30 on January 15, 1894.[1] Cleveland's follow-up nominee Wheeler Hazard Peckham, was also rejected by the Senate, 32–41, on February 16, 1894.[1]

text: By the tradition of Senatorial courtesy, other Senators generally deferred to a nominee's home state senators when evaluating a presidential nomination.[27] The Senators from New York were Edward Murphy, Jr. and David B. Hill;[28] Hill objected to Cleveland's nominations, and most other Senators supported Hill.[29] Hill was a rival of Cleveland's who had lost the Democratic nomination for President to him in 1892.[30]

text: Cleveland finally overcame Hill's opposition by nominating Edward Douglass White of Louisiana.[31] White was a sitting Senator, and Senatorial courtesy dictated that the Senate not reject one of its own.[32] White's nomination was approved; he served as an Associate Justice until 1910,[33] and as Chief Justice until his death in 1921.[34]

text: Warren Harding[edit]

text: President Warren G. Harding nominated Pierce Butler to the Supreme Court in 1922, but the Senate refused to consider his nomination, in part due to Butler's advocacy for railroad interests. However, Harding re-submitted the nomination later in the year, and Butler was confirmed in a 61–8 vote.[18]

text: Herbert Hoover[edit]

text: On May 7, 1930, Herbert Hoover's nomination of Appellate Judge John J. Parker for the Supreme Court was rejected by a vote of 39–41.[35] Parker was nominated to replace Edward Terry Sanford. The American Federation of Labor opposed Parker for his rulings that were favorable towards yellow dog contracts and the NAACP opposed Parker due to concerns about Parker's racial views.[36] Hoover attempted to appeal to Southern Democratic Senators to vote for Parker, who was from North Carolina, but Hoover was unable to win enough Democratic votes to make up for Republican defections.[36] Hoover's second nominee, Owen J. Roberts, was confirmed by the Senate.[1]

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower[edit]

text: President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated John Marshall Harlan II in 1954, but his nomination was not reported out of the judiciary committee, in part due to opposition to his purported "ultra-liberal" views. Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in 1955, and the Senate confirmed him in a 71–11 vote.[18]

text: Lyndon B. Johnson[edit]

text: Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Abe Fortas, then an associate justice, for Chief Justice. Fortas would have succeeded Earl Warren, who had decided to retire. Controversy ensued regarding Fortas's extrajudicial activities, and at Fortas's request, Johnson withdrew the nomination prior to a vote of the full Senate.[37] Fortas's nomination was also opposed by many senators who opposed the rulings of the Warren Court.[18] President Nixon instead filled the vacancy caused by Warren's retirement with Warren Burger.

text: When Johnson nominated Fortas, he also nominated Homer Thornberry to fill Fortas' seat. Since Fortas withdrew his name from the Chief Justice nomination, but maintained his seat as an Associate Justice (with Earl Warren continuing as Chief Justice), the nomination of Thornberry was void. He was never voted on by the Senate.[38]

text: Richard Nixon[edit]

text: When Abe Fortas resigned in 1969 because of a scandal separate from his Chief Justice bid, Richard Nixon nominated Clement Haynsworth, a Southern jurist. His nomination was rejected by the Senate by a vote of 45–55 on November 21, 1969,[39] due to concerns about Haynsworth's civil rights record and perceived ethical lapses.[18] In response, Nixon nominated G. Harrold Carswell, a Southerner with a history of supporting segregation and opposing women's rights. The Senate rejected his nomination 45 to 51 on April 8, 1970, following much pressure from the Civil Rights and Feminist movements.[40] Nixon's third nominee for the Fortas vacancy was Harry Blackmun, who was confirmed by the Senate with no opposition on May 17, 1970.

text: Nixon was soon faced with two more Supreme Court vacancies when John Harlan and Hugo Black retired in the fall of 1971. Nixon considered nominating Arkansas lawyer Hershel Friday and California intermediate appellate judge Mildred Lillie to the high court. By tradition at the time, potential Supreme Court nominees were first disclosed to the American Bar Association's standing committee on the federal judiciary. When it became apparent that this 12-member committee would find that both were unqualified, Nixon passed over Friday and Lillie,[41] and nominated Lewis Powell and William Rehnquist. Powell was confirmed by an 89–1 vote, and Rehnquist was confirmed 68–22.[1]

text: Ronald Reagan[edit]

text: When Lewis Powell retired in July 1987, Ronald Reagan nominated Robert Bork. Bork was a member of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia at the time and known as a proponent of constitutional originalism. Bork lost confirmation by a Senate vote of 42 to 58, largely due to Bork's extreme conservative opinions on constitutional issues and his role in the Nixon Saturday Night Massacre.[42]

text: Reagan then announced his intention to nominate Douglas H. Ginsburg to the court. Before Ginsburg could be officially nominated, he withdrew himself from consideration under heavy pressure after revealing that he had smoked marijuana with his students while a professor at Harvard Law School.[43] Reagan then nominated Anthony Kennedy, who was confirmed by a Senate vote of 97–0.[1]

text: George W. Bush[edit]

text: In October 2005, George W. Bush nominated Harriet Miers, a corporate attorney from Texas who had served as Bush's private attorney and as White House Counsel, as an Associate Justice to replace retiring Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Miers was widely perceived as unqualified for the position, and it later emerged that she had allowed her law license to lapse for a time. The nomination was immediately attacked by politicians and commentators from across the political spectrum. At Miers' request, Bush withdrew the nomination on October 27, ostensibly to avoid violating executive privilege by disclosing details of her work at the White House.[44] Four days later, Bush nominated Samuel Alito to the seat. Alito was confirmed by a vote of 58–42 on January 31, 2006.[1]

text: Barack Obama[edit]

text: In February 2016, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia died. The following month, President Barack Obama nominated D.C. Circuit Judge Merrick Garland to replace Scalia. However, the Senate was controlled by the Republican Party, which argued that the next president should instead appoint Scalia's successor.[45] Senate Republicans refused to hold hearings on Garland, and Garland's nomination remained before the Senate longer than any other Supreme Court nomination.[46] Garland's nomination expired with the end of the 114th United States Congress.[47]

text: The vacancy caused by Scalia's death remained unfilled for 422 days, making it just the second Supreme Court vacancy since the end of the Civil War to remain unfilled for more than one year.[48] On January 31, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated federal appeals court Judge Neil Gorsuch to replace Scalia, who, after being confirmed by a vote of 54–45, almost wholly on party lines, was sworn in on April 10, 2017.

text: Table[edit]

text:
Failed nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States

Roger B. Taney
1835
Jackson
Postponed*

John C. Spencer
1844
Tyler
Rejected, 21–26†

Reuben H. Walworth
1844
Tyler
Withdrawn**†

Edward King
1845
Tyler
Withdrawn**†

John M. Read
1845
Tyler
No Action

George W. Woodward
1845
Polk
Rejected, 20–29[9]

Edward A. Bradford
1852
Fillmore
No Action

George E. Badger
1853
Fillmore
Postponed***

William C. Micou
1853
Fillmore
No Action

Jeremiah S. Black
1861
Buchanan
Rejected, 25–26

Henry Stanbery
1866
A. Johnson
Nullified‡

Ebenezer R. Hoar
1869
Grant
Rejected, 24–33

George Henry Williams
1873
Grant
Postponed***

Caleb Cushing
1874
Grant
Withdrawn

Thomas Stanley Matthews
1881
Hayes
No Action*[49]

William B. Hornblower
1893
Cleveland
Rejected, 24–30

Wheeler Hazard Peckham
1894
Cleveland
Rejected, 32–41

John J. Parker
1930
Hoover
Rejected, 39–41

Abe Fortas
1968
L.B. Johnson
Withdrawn††

Homer Thornberry
1968
L.B. Johnson
Nullified†‡

Clement Haynsworth
1969
Nixon
Rejected, 45–55

G. Harrold Carswell
1970
Nixon
Rejected, 45–51

Robert H. Bork
1987
Reagan
Rejected, 42–58

Douglas H. Ginsburg
1987
Reagan
Withdrawn

Harriet Miers
2005
G.W. Bush
Withdrawn

Merrick Garland
2016
Obama
No Action

tag: table

text: Notes:

text:
* Nomination re-submitted (not necessarily by same President) and confirmed.
** Nomination postponed, not formally withdrawn, but no subsequent action taken.
*** Nomination postponed, and formally withdrawn.
† Nomination withdrawn, and re-submitted a second time. Postponed with no
subsequent action.
‡ Nomination voided by the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 before consideration.
†† Nomination of Associate Justice for Chief Justice withdrawn.
†‡ Nomination for Associate Justice voided by withdrawal of Fortas's nomination.

tag: ul


document_title: Claddagh ring

question_text: what does two hands holding a heart with a crown mean

text: Claddagh ring

text: Description[edit]

text: The Claddagh ring belongs to a group of European finger rings called "fede rings".[4][5] The name "fede" derives from the Italian phrase mani in fede ("hands [joined] in faith" or "hands [joined] in loyalty"). These rings date from Roman times, when the gesture of clasped hands was a symbol of pledging vows, and they were used as engagement/wedding rings in medieval and Renaissance Europe.[2][4]

text: Fede rings are distinctive in that the bezel is cut or cast to form two clasped hands that symbolize faith and trust[6] or "plighted troth".[7] The Claddagh ring is a variation on the fede ring,[8] while the hands, heart, and crown motif was used in England in the early 18th century.[9]

text: Towards the end of the 20th century there was an explosion of interest in the Claddagh Ring,[citation needed] both as jewelry and as an icon of Irish identity. In recent years it has been embellished with interlace designs and combined with other Celtic and Irish symbols, but this is a very recent phenomenon that corresponds with the worldwide expansion in popularity of the Claddagh ring as an emblem of Irish identity.[10]

text: Origins[edit]

text: Galway has produced Claddagh rings continuously since at least 1700,[3] but the name "Claddagh ring" was not used before the 1830s.[5][11][12] Although there are various myths and legends around the origin of the Claddagh ring, it is almost certain that it originated in or close to the small fishing village of Claddagh in Galway. [13]

text: As an example of a maker, Bartholomew Fallon was a 17th-century Irish goldsmith, based in Galway, who made Claddagh rings until circa 1700. His name first appears in the will of one Dominick Martin, also a jeweller, dated 26 January 1676, in which Martin willed Fallon some of his tools. Fallon continued working as a goldsmith until 1700. His are among the oldest surviving examples of the Claddagh ring, in many cases bearing his signature.[14]

text: There are many legends about the origins of the ring, particularly concerning Richard Joyce, a silversmith from Galway circa 1700, who is said to have invented the Claddagh design as we know it.[15][3] Legend has it that Joyce was captured and enslaved by Algerian Corsairs around 1675 while on a passage to the West Indies; he was sold into slavery to a Moorish goldsmith who taught him the craft.[10] King William III sent an ambassador to Algeria to demand the release of any and all British subjects who were enslaved in that country, which at the time would have included Richard Joyce. After fourteen years, Joyce was released and returned to Galway and brought along with him the ring he had fashioned while in captivity: what we've come to know as the Claddagh. He gave the ring to his sweetheart, married, and became a goldsmith with "considerable success".[16] His initials are in one of the earliest surviving Claddagh rings,[5][17] but there are three other rings also made around that time, bearing the mark of goldsmith Thomas Meade.[5]

text: The Victorian antiquarian Sir William Jones described the Claddagh,[2] and gives Chambers' Book of Days[18] as the source, in his book Finger Ring Lore. Jones says:

text: The clasped hands [style ring]... are... still the fashion, and in constant use in [the]... community [of] Claddugh  [sic] at [County] Galway.... [They] rarely [intermarry] with others than their own people.

text: An account written in 1906 by William Dillon, a Galway jeweller, claimed that the "Claddagh" ring was worn in the Aran Isles, Connemara and beyond.[19] Knowledge of the ring and its customs spread within Ireland and Britain during the Victorian period, and this is when its name became established.[5] Galway jewellers began to market it beyond the local area in the 19th century.[5][20] Further recognition came in the 20th century.[8] Learned to be a beautiful ring.

text: In his 1911 book Rings for the Finger, American mineralogist George Frederick Kunz addresses the importance of gold wedding rings in Ireland but does not mention the Claddagh ring. He does, however, include a photo of one, captioned with its correct name.[1] Furthermore, it is unclear exactly how or when the ring was brought to the United States.

text: Usage and symbolism[edit]

text: The Claddagh's distinctive design features two hands clasping a heart and usually surmounted by a crown. These elements symbolize the qualities of love (the heart), friendship (the hands), and loyalty (the crown). A "Fenian" Claddagh ring, without a crown, is a slightly different take on the design but has not achieved the level of popularity of the crowned version. Claddagh rings are relatively popular among the Irish[15] and those of Irish heritage, such as Irish Americans,[21] as cultural symbols and as friendship, engagement and wedding rings.[22]

text: While Claddagh rings are sometimes used as friendship rings, they are most commonly used as engagement and wedding rings. Mothers sometimes give these rings to daughters when they come of age. There are several mottos and wishes associated with the ring, such as: "Let love and friendship reign."[23] In Ireland, the United States, Canada, and other parts of the Irish diaspora, the Claddagh is sometimes handed down mother-to-eldest daughter or grandmother-to-granddaughter.[24]

text: According to Irish author Colin Murphy, a Claddagh ring was worn with the intention of conveying the wearer's relationship status:

text:
On the right hand with the point of the heart toward the fingertips: the wearer is single and may be looking for love.
On the right hand with the point of the heart toward the wrist: the wearer is in a relationship.
On the left hand with the point of the heart toward the fingertips: the wearer is engaged.
On the left hand with the point of the heart toward the wrist: the wearer is married.[22]

tag: ol

text: There are other localised variations and oral traditions, involving the hand and the finger on which the Claddagh is worn. Folklore about the ring is relatively recent, not ancient, with "very little native Irish writing about the ring", hence, the difficulty today in finding any source that describes or explains the traditional ways of wearing the ring.[25]


document_title: Emmanuelle Chriqui

question_text: girl from hinder lips of an angel video

question_tokens: girl from hinder lips of an angel video

text: Emmanuelle Chriqui

text: Early life[edit]

text: Chriqui was born in Montreal, Quebec,[4] the daughter of Sephardi Jewish parents from Morocco.[5][6] Her mother, Liliane, was born in Casablanca, and her father, Albert, in Rabat.[7][8] She also has relatives in Israel.[5] Her family practiced Orthodox Judaism in the Sephardic tradition.[9]

text: Chriqui has an older brother, Serge, and an older sister, Laurence. When she was almost two, her family moved to Toronto, Ontario. She grew up in Markham, Ontario, a suburb northeast of the city.[10] Her mother, an aesthetician who once told Emmanuelle she would become an actress, died when Chriqui was sixteen years old.[11][12]

text: As a child, she took acting classes, for which her brother paid. Chriqui attended the drama program at Unionville High School.[13] After high school, Chriqui decided to pursue a career in acting.

text: Career[edit]

text: Chriqui began acting as a 10-year-old in a McDonald's commercial. She moved to Vancouver in the mid-1990s, guest-starring in series such as Are You Afraid of the Dark?, Forever Knight, Once a Thief, and Psi Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal. Her first Hollywood role was as a supporting character in Detroit Rock City (1999). Chriqui's first feature role was in Chris Koch's Snow Day (2000). She later appeared in several movies, such as 100 Girls, Wrong Turn, On the Line and In the Mix. She played Eve in the 2005 comedy National Lampoon's Adam & Eve, and played Adam Sandler's love interest in the 2008 film You Don't Mess with the Zohan.

text: Chriqui was nominated for a Best Actress DVD Exclusive Award for her performance in 100 Girls and was nominated, with Lance Bass, for a Choice Liplock Teen Choice Award in On the Line.[14] In April 2008, she won the Standout Performance Trophy at the Young Hollywood Awards.[15]

text: Chriqui also starred in several music videos including Hinder's "Lips of an Angel", Zac Brown Band's "Whatever It Is", and Charles Perry's "I Could Be the Best Time of Your Life". She threw out the ceremonial first pitch at a Los Angeles Dodgers game on June 8, 2008. Chriqui was on the cover of the Autumn 2008 issue of Naked Eye.

text: She appeared in the 2008 film Cadillac Records as Revetta Chess, where she performed with Beyoncé Knowles. Chriqui was seen in 2009 as one of several women whose lives interconnect in the comedy Women in Trouble and appeared in its 2010 sequel Elektra Luxx.

text: In 2010, Chriqui joined Showtime's 2011 series, The Borgias.[16] She is also the voice of Cheetara in the ThunderCats 2011 animated series.[17]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1995
Donor, TheThe Donor
Patty

1999
Detroit Rock City
Barbara

2000
Snow Day
Claire Bonner

2000
Ricky 6
Lee

2000
100 Girls
Patty

2001
On the Line
Abbey

2003
Wrong Turn
Carly

2003
Rick
Duke's Long-Suffering Wife

2005
Candy Paint
Angela Martinez
Short film

2005
Crow: Wicked Prayer, TheThe Crow: Wicked Prayer
Lilly

2005
Waiting...
Tyla

2005
National Lampoon's Adam and Eve
Eve

2005
In the Mix
Dolly

2006
Waltzing Anna
Nurse Jill

2007
After Sex
Jordy

2008
August
Morela Sterling

2008
You Don't Mess with the Zohan
Dalia Hakbarah

2008
Tortured
Becky
Direct-to-video

2008
Cadillac Records
Revetta Chess

2009
Tom Cool
Chriqui

2009
Women in Trouble
Bambi

2009
Saint John of Las Vegas
Tasty D Lite

2009
Taking Chances
Lucy Shanks

2010
13
Aileen

2010
Elektra Luxx
Bambi Lindberg

2011
Girl Walks into a Bar
Teresa

2011
5 Days of War
Tatia Meddevi

2013
Three Night Stand
Robyn

2014
Relationship Status: It's Complicated
Vanessa

2014
Fort Bliss
Alma

2014
Short History of Decay, AA Short History of Decay
Erika Bryce

2015
Entourage
Sloan McQuewick

2015
The Steps
Marla

2015
Killing Jesus
Herodias

2016
Omphalos
Alise Spiegelman
Post-production

2017
Super Troopers 2

TBA
Hospitality
Donna
Post-production

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1995
Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
Bumper
"The Return of Sing Ling"

1995
Harrison Bergeron
Jeannie
TV film

1995
Forever Knight
Jude Deshnell
"Black Buddha: Part 2"

1996
Traders
Samira
"The Natari Affair"

1996
Are You Afraid of the Dark?
Amanda
"The Tale of the Night Shift"

1997
Psi Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal
Melissa
"The Undead, The/Stalker"

1997
Exhibit A: Secrets of Forensic Science
Rachel
"Sex Fiend"

1997
Unwed Father
Kayla
TV film

1997
Adventures of Sinbad, TheThe Adventures of Sinbad
Serendib
"Little Miss Magic"

1997–1998
Vampire Princess Miyu
Hisae Aoki (voice)
Regular role

1998
Principal Takes a Holiday
Roxanne
TV film

1998
Shattered Hearts: A Moment of Truth Movie
Cindy
TV film

1998
Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County
Renee
TV film

1998
Police Academy: The Series
Charlotte Ockleman
"Mr. I.Q."

1998
Greener Fields
Megan
TV film

1998
Futuresport
Gonzales
TV film

2003
Jake 2.0
Theresa Carano
"Arms and the Girl"

2005
O.C., TheThe O.C.
Jodie
"The Ex-Factor", "The Accomplice"

2005
Unscripted
Emmanuelle
"1.8", "1.9", "1.10"

2005–2011
Entourage
Sloan
Recurring role

2006
Deceit
Emily
TV film

2008
Robot Chicken
(voice)
"Monstourage", "PS: Yes, In That Way"

2011
Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil
Kelly (voice)
"Mow Money / Love Stinks!"

2011
Borgias, TheThe Borgias
Sancha
"The French King", "Death, on a Pale Horse", "Nessuno (Nobody)"

2011–2012
Thundercats
Cheetara (voice)
Main role

2012–2013
Tron: Uprising
Paige (voice)
Main role

2012–2013
Mentalist, TheThe Mentalist
Lorelei Martins
Recurring role

2013
Ordained, TheThe Ordained
Sam
TV film

2013
Beware the Batman
Sapphire Stagg (voice)
"Toxic"

2013–2014
Cleaners
Veronica
Regular role

2014
Men at Work
Sasha
"I Take Thee, Gibbs"

2014
Beware the Batman
Sapphire Stagg (voice)
"Monsters"

2015
Killing Jesus
Herodias
TV miniseries

2015
Murder in the First
Raphaelle 'Raffi' Veracruz
Main role

2016–present
Shut Eye
Gina, a hypnotist[18]

text:
Video games

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2010
Call of Duty: Black Ops
Numbers
Voice-over and a short live action appearance