document_title: Wreck-It Ralph

question_text: who is the villain in wreck it ralph

question_tokens: who is the villain in wreck it ralph

text: Wreck-It Ralph

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Litwak's Family Fun Center & Arcade closes at night, the various video game characters leave their normal in-game roles and are free to travel to other games. Wreck-It Ralph, the antagonist of the game Fix-It Felix Jr., is ostracized by his game's characters for just doing his job, while the titular hero Felix is praised. Tired of being mistreated, Ralph announces at the game's thirtieth anniversary party that he will earn his neighbors' respect by winning a medal.

text: Ralph learns he can obtain a medal from the first-person shooter, Hero's Duty. After disrupting a game session, Ralph scales the game's central beacon and obtains a medal, only to hatch a Cy-Bug, one of the game's antagonists, which can adapt to and devour other environments. Ralph and the Cy-Bug stumble into an escape pod, which is launched out of the game, and crash land in Sugar Rush, a candy-themed kart racing game.

text: Meanwhile, with Ralph missing, his game is labelled as malfunctioning and faces being unplugged. Felix, upon learning where Ralph went from Q*Bert, ventures to Hero's Duty, teaming up with the game's heroine, Sergeant Calhoun, to retrieve Ralph and the Cy-Bug. In Sugar Rush, Ralph's medal is stolen by the glitching Vanellope Von Schweetz to buy her way into the daily races to determine who players can choose as their avatar. King Candy, the ruler of Sugar Rush, forbids her from doing so due to her being a glitch. Ralph and Vanellope agree to work together by building a race kart for Vanellope to win a race and retrieve the medal.

text: Ralph and Vanellope build a kart, and they flee to Diet Cola Mountain, an unfinished race track. Learning that Vanellope cannot drive, Ralph helps teach her. King Candy hacks the game's code, obtaining Ralph's medal, which he offers to him in exchange for preventing Vanellope from racing. He explains that if Vanellope wins and becomes playable, her glitches would be brought to the attention of players, their game would be unplugged and Vanellope would die, unable to leave the game because she is a glitch. A reluctant Ralph agrees, trashing Vanellope's kart. He returns to his own game, but notices Vanellope's image on the side of the Sugar Rush cabinet, and realizes she was meant to be a playable character.

text: Elsewhere, Felix and Calhoun search Sugar Rush for Ralph. Felix fears Ralph has gone "Turbo", alluding to a rogue character of the same name who abandoned his own game and destroyed another out of jealousy, resulting in both being unplugged. Felix falls in love with Calhoun, but she abandons him when he reminds her of her late fiancé, who was eaten by Cy-Bugs on their wedding day as part of her backstory. Felix is later imprisoned in King Candy's castle, but Ralph frees him and Vanellope, rebuilding the kart. Calhoun discovers a swarm of Cy-Bug eggs underground, which hatch and start devouring the game.

text: Vanellope participates in a race, but is attacked by King Candy. Vanellope's glitch reveals he is actually Turbo, who took over Sugar Rush, displacing Vanellope as the main character. Ralph, Felix, and Calhoun evacuate the game, but Vanellope cannot leave due to her glitch. When Calhoun points out the Cy-Bugs can be destroyed by a beacon of light as per Hero's Duty, Ralph decides to make Diet Cola Mountain erupt to replicate it. Ralph is confronted by Turbo, now fused with a Cy-Bug that devoured him, and Turbo carries him away. Ralph breaks free, hits the mountain, and causes it to erupt, but Vanellope saves him using her glitch. The volcanic beacon destroys the Cy-Bugs and Turbo.

text: Vanellope crosses the finish line, rebooting Sugar Rush and restoring her status and memory as Princess Vanellope, the main character of the game, but she still uses her glitching ability to her advantage. Ralph and Felix return home, allowing their game to be spared. Felix and Calhoun marry, while a content Ralph gains respect from his fellow characters.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
John C. Reilly as Wreck-It Ralph, a large brute who is the villain of the fictional arcade game Fix-It Felix Jr.[5]
Sarah Silverman as Vanellope von Schweetz, a racer/glitch in Sugar Rush.[5]
Jack McBrayer as Fix-It Felix Jr., a repairman who is the hero of Fix-It Felix Jr.[5][14]
Jane Lynch as Sergeant Tamora Jean Calhoun, the lead character of Hero's Duty.[5]
Alan Tudyk as King Candy, the ruler of Sugar Rush. King Candy's vocal stylings are based on comedian Ed Wynn, and his physical mannerisms are modeled from Wynn's Mad Hatter character in Alice in Wonderland.[15]
Mindy Kaling as Taffyta Muttonfudge, a racer in Sugar Rush.[16]
Joe Lo Truglio as Markowski, a soldier from Hero's Duty that Ralph meets in Tapper.
Ed O'Neill as Mr. Stan Litwak, owner of Litwak's Family Fun Center & Arcade.[16]
Dennis Haysbert as General Hologram, a holographic general in Hero's Duty.
Adam Carolla as Wynnchel, a Long John who is a member of the Sugar Rush police department.[16]
Horatio Sanz as Duncan, a doughnut who is a member of the Sugar Rush police department.[16]
Rich Moore as Sour Bill, King Candy's sour ball henchman.[17][18]

tag: ul

text: The cast also includes the Fix-It Felix Jr. Nicelanders, Edie McClurg as Mary,[16] Raymond S. Persi as Mayor Gene,[19] Jess Harnell as Don, Rachael Harris as Deanna,[16] and Skylar Astin as Roy; Katie Lowes as Candlehead, Jamie Elman as Rancis Fluggerbutter, Josie Trinidad as Jubileena Bing-Bing, and Cymbre Walk as Crumbelina DiCaramello, racers in Sugar Rush; Phil Johnston as Surge Protector, Game Central Station security;[20] Stefanie Scott as Moppet Girl, a young arcade-game player;[16] John DiMaggio as Beard Papa, the security guard at the Sugar Rush candy-kart factory; Raymond Persi as a Zombie, Brian Kesinger as a Cyborg (based on Kano from Mortal Kombat) and Martin Jarvis as Saitine, a devil-like villain, who attends the Bad-Anon support group; Tucker Gilmore as the Sugar Rush Announcer; Brandon Scott as Kohut, a soldier in Hero's Duty; and Tim Mertens as Dr. Brad Scott, a scientist and Sgt. Calhoun's deceased fiancé in Hero's Duty (voiced by Nick Grimshaw in the UK version but not in the UK home release).[21]

text: The film features several cameos from real-world video game characters including: Root Beer Tapper (Maurice LaMarche), the bartender from Tapper;[22] Sonic the Hedgehog (Roger Craig Smith);[16][20] Ryu (Kyle Hebert), Ken Masters (Reuben Langdon), M. Bison (Gerald C. Rivers), and Zangief (Rich Moore) from Street Fighter II;[1][16][23] Clyde (Kevin Deters) from Pac-Man;[24] and Yuni Verse (Jamie Sparer Roberts) from Dance Dance Revolution.[25]

text: A character modeled after dubstep musician Skrillex makes an appearance in the fictional Fix-It Felix Jr. as the DJ at the anniversary party of the game.[26]

text: Video game cameos and references[edit]

text: In addition to the spoken roles, Wreck-It Ralph contains a number of other video game references, including characters and visual gags. The video game villains at the support meeting, in addition to those mentioned above, include Bowser from the Mario franchise,[1][14][23] Doctor Eggman from Sonic the Hedgehog,[1][23] and Neff from Altered Beast.[27] Additionally, the game cabinet of the fictional Fix It Felix Jr. arcade game is stylized to strongly resemble the cabinet of the original Nintendo Donkey Kong arcade game,[28] with Ralph and Felix taking similar poses as Donkey Kong and Mario, respectively. The Hero's Duty game is a reference to the hugely successful first-person shooter games Halo and Call of Duty. Characters from Q*bert, including Q*bert, Coily, Slick, Sam, and Ugg, are shown as "homeless" characters and later taken in by Ralph and Felix into their game (Q*bert also speaks to Felix at one point using the signature synthesized gibberish and word-balloon symbols from his game, called Q*bert-ese).[22][29] Scenes in Game Central Station and Tapper's bar include Chun-Li, Cammy and Blanka from Street Fighter,[23][30] Pac-Man, Blinky, Pinky, and Inky from Pac-Man,[22][31] the Paperboy from Paperboy,[27][32] the two paddles and the ball from Pong,[33] Dig Dug, a Pooka, and a Fygar from Dig Dug,[33] The Qix from Qix,[31] Frogger from Frogger, and Peter Pepper from BurgerTime.[34] Additionally, Lara Croft and Mario are referenced, but not seen.[35]

text: Additional references are based on sight gags. The residents of Niceland and the bartender from Tapper are animated using a jerky motion that spoofs the limited animation cycles of the sprites of many eight- and sixteen-bit arcade games.[36] King Candy uses the Konami Code on an NES controller to access the programming of Sugar Rush.[37] Throughout Game Central Station is graffiti that includes "Aerith lives" (referencing the character of Aerith Gainsborough from Final Fantasy VII),[32][38] "All your base are belong to us" (an Engrish phrase popularized from the game Zero Wing), "Sheng Long Was Here" (referencing an April Fool's joke around a made-up character Sheng Long from Street Fighter), and "Jenkins" (a nod to the popular Leeroy Jenkins meme from World of Warcraft).[39] There is also a reference to the Metal Gear series when Ralph is searching for a medal in Tapper's Lost and found, finding first a Super Mushroom from the Mario franchise, and then Metal Gear Solid's "Exclamation point" (with the corresponding sound effect from the game).[36] Mr. Litwak wears a black and white striped referee's shirt, a nod to the iconic outfit of Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day.[36] One of the songs in the credits is an original work from Buckner and Garcia, previously famous for writing video game-themed songs in the 1980s.[36] The Walt Disney Animation Studios opening logo is animated in an 8-bit pixelated fashion,[40] whereas the Walt Disney Pictures closing production logo appears in a glitched state, a reference to the kill screen from many early arcade games such as Pac-Man.[39]

text: Production[edit]

text: The concept of Wreck-It Ralph was first developed at Disney in the late 1980s, under the working title High Score. Since then, it was redeveloped and reconsidered several times: In the late 1990s, it took on the working title Joe Jump, then in the mid-2000s as Reboot Ralph.[41][42]

text: John Lasseter, the head of Walt Disney Animation Studios and executive producer of the film, describes Wreck-It Ralph as "an 8-bit video-game bad guy who travels the length of the arcade to prove that he's a good guy."[29] In a manner similar to Who Framed Roger Rabbit and the Toy Story films, Wreck-It Ralph featured cameo appearances by a number of licensed video-game characters.[29] For example, one scene from the film shows Ralph attending a support group for the arcade's various villain characters, including Clyde from Pac-Man, Doctor Eggman from Sonic the Hedgehog, and Bowser from Super Mario Bros.[29] Rich Moore, the film's director, had determined that for a film about a video-game world to feel authentic, "it had to have real characters from real games in it."[43] Moore aimed to add licensed characters in a similar manner as cultural references in Looney Tunes shorts, but considered "having the right balance so a portion of the audience didn't feel they were being neglected or talked down to."[44] However, Moore avoided creating the movie around existing characters, feeling that "there's so much mythology and baggage attached to pre-existing titles that I feel someone would be disappointed," and considered this to be a reason why movies based on video game franchises typically fail.[44] Instead, for Ralph, the development of new characters representative of the 8-bit video game was "almost like virgin snow," giving them the freedom to take these characters in new directions.[44]

text: Before production, the existing characters were added to the story either in places they would make sense to appear or as cameos from a list of characters suggested by the film's creative team, without consideration if they would legally be able to use the characters.[43] The company then sought out the copyright holders' permissions to use the characters, as well as working with these companies to assure their characters were being represented authentically.[43] In the case of Nintendo, the writers had early on envisioned the Bad-anon meeting with Bowser as a major character within the scene; according to Moore, Nintendo was very positive towards this use, stating in Moore's own words, "If there is a group that is dedicated to helping the bad guy characters in video games then Bowser must be in that group!"[32] Nintendo had asked that the producers try to devise a scene that would be similarly appropriate for Mario for his inclusion in the film. Despite knowing they would be able to use the character, the producers could not find an appropriate scene that would let Mario be a significant character without taking away the spotlight from the main story and opted to not include the character.[32][45] Moore debunked a rumor that Mario and his brother character Luigi were not included due to Nintendo requesting too high a licensing fee, stating that the rumor grew out of a joke John C. Reilly made at Comic-Con.[35] Dr. Wily from Mega Man was going to appear but was cut from the final version of the film.[46] Overall, there are about 188 individual character models in the movie as a result of these cameo inclusions.[43]

text: An earlier draft of the screenplay had Ralph and Vanellope spending time going around the game world to collect the pieces for her kart for Sugar Rush, and at times included Felix traveling with the pair. During these scenes, Ralph would have lied to Felix regarding his budding relationship with Calhoun, leading eventually to Ralph becoming depressed and abandoning his quest to get his medal back. At this point, a fourth game world, Extreme Easy Living 2, would have been introduced and was considered a "hedonistic place" between the social nature of The Sims and the open-world objective-less aspects of Grand Theft Auto, according to Moore.[47] Ralph would go there too, wallowing in his depression, and would find happiness by gaining "Like It" buttons for doing acceptable actions in the party-like nature of the place. Moore stated that while it was difficult to consider dropping this new game world, they found that its introduction in the second half of the film would be too difficult a concept for the viewer to grasp.[47] They further had trouble working out how a social game would be part of an arcade, and though they considered having the game be running on Litwak's laptop, they ultimately realized that justifying the concept would be too convoluted. Line art sketches and voice-over readings of the scene were included on the home media release of the film.[47]

text: The film introduced Disney's new bidirectional reflectance distribution functions, with more realistic reflections on surfaces, and new virtual cinematography Camera Capture system, which makes it possible to go through scenes in real-time.[48] To research the Sugar Rush segment of the film, the visual development group traveled to trade fair ISM Cologne, a See's Candy factory, and other manufacturing facilities. The group also brought in food photographers, to demonstrate techniques to make food appear appealing. Special effects, including from "smoke or dust," looks distinct in each of the segments.[49]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally scheduled for a release on March 22, 2013, but it was later changed to November 2, 2012, due to it being ahead of schedule.[50][51] The theatrical release was accompanied by Disney's animated short film, Paperman.[52][53]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first trailer for Wreck-It Ralph was released on June 6, 2012, debuting with Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted and Rock of Ages.[54] This also coincided with the 2012 Electronic Entertainment Expo, for which Disney constructed a mock aged arcade cabinet for the fictional Fix-It Felix Jr. game on display on the show floor.[55] Disney also released a browser-based Flash-based version of the Fix-It Felix Jr. game as well as iOS, Android, and Windows Phone versions, with online Unity-based versions of Sugar Rush and Hero's Duty.[56] A second trailer for the film was released on Sep 12, 2012, coinciding with Finding Nemo 3D and Frankenweenie.

text: To promote the home media release of Wreck-It Ralph, director Rich Moore produced a short film titled Garlan Hulse: Where Potential Lives. Set within the movie's universe, the mockumentary film was designed as a parody of The King of Kong.[57]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Wreck-It Ralph was released on Blu-ray Disc (2D and 3D) and DVD in North America on March 5, 2013, from Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[58] The film was made available for digital download in selected regions on February 12, 2013.[59] Wreck-It Ralph debuted at #1 in Blu-ray and DVD sales in the United States.[60]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Wreck-It Ralph grossed $189.4 million in North America and $281.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $471.2 million.[3] It was the 14th-highest-grossing film of 2012,[61] and the fourth-highest-grossing 2012 animated film.

text: In North America, the film debuted with $13.5 million, an above-average opening-day gross for an animated film released in November.[62] During its opening weekend, the film topped the box office with $49 million, making it the largest opening for a Walt Disney Animation Studios film at the time.[63][64]

text: Outside North America, Wreck-It Ralph earned $12 million on its opening weekend from six markets.[65] Among all markets, its three largest openings were recorded in the UK, Ireland and Malta ($7.15 million), Brazil ($5.32 million with weekday previews), and Russia and the CIS ($5.27 million).[66] In total grosses, the three largest markets were the UK, Ireland and Malta ($36.2 million), Japan ($29.6 million), and Australia ($24.0 million).[66]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 86% of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 170 reviews with an average score of 7.5/10. The site's consensus reads: "Equally entertaining for both kids and parents old enough to catch the references, Wreck-It Ralph is a clever, colorful adventure built on familiar themes and joyful nostalgia."[67] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 72 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[68] The film earned an "A" from audiences polled by CinemaScore.[69]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote, "More than in most animated films, the art design and color palette of Wreck-It Ralph permit unlimited sets, costumes, and rules, giving the movie tireless originality and different behavior in every different cyber world."[70] A.O. Scott of The New York Times wrote, "The movie invites a measure of cynicism – which it proceeds to obliterate with a 93-minute blast of color, noise, ingenuity and fun."[71] Peter Debruge of Variety stated, "With plenty to appeal to boys and girls, old and young, Walt Disney Animation Studios has a high-scoring hit on its hands in this brilliantly conceived, gorgeously executed toon, earning bonus points for backing nostalgia with genuine emotion."[2] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times said, "The movie's subversive sensibility and old-school/new-school feel are a total kick,"[72] while Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "With a mix of retro eye-candy for grown-ups and a thrilling, approachable storyline for the tykes, the film casts a wide and beguiling net."[73] Conversely, Christopher Orr of The Atlantic found it "overplotted and underdeveloped."[74]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

Academy Awards[12]
Best Animated Feature
Rich Moore
Nominated

Annie Awards[75][10]
Best Animated Feature

Won

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Brett Albert
Nominated

Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Bill Schwab, Lorelay Bove, Cory Loftis, Minkyu Lee
Nominated

Directing in an Animated Feature Production
Rich Moore
Won

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Henry Jackman, Skrillex, Adam Young, Matthew Thiessen, Jamie Houston, Yasushi Akimoto
Won

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Leo Matsuda
Nominated

Lissa Treiman
Nominated

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production
Alan Tudyk
Won

Writing in an Animated Feature Production
Phil Johnston, Jennifer Lee
Won

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
Tim Mertens
Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature

Nominated

Critics' Choice Movie Awards[76]
Best Animated Feature

Won

Golden Globe Awards[77]
Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Golden Reel Awards[78]
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR in an Animation Feature Film

Won

Golden Trailer Awards[79]
Best Animation/Family
"Dreams"
Won

IGN's Best of 2012 Awards
Best Movie

Nominated

Best Animated Movie

Won

IGN People's Choice Award for Best Animated Movie

Won

Best 3D Movie

Nominated

Best Movie Poster

Nominated

National Board of Review Awards[80]
Best Animated Feature

Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie

Won

Online Film Critics Society Award
Best Animated Feature

Nominated

Producers Guild of America Award
Best Animated Motion Picture
Clark Spencer
Won

Satellite Awards[81]
Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Rich Moore
Nominated

Saturn Awards[82]
Best Animated Film
Rich Moore
Nominated

Visual Effects Society[83][84]
Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Sean Jenkins, Scott Kersavage, Rich Moore, Clark Spencer
Nominated

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
John Kahwaty, Suzan Kim, Michelle Robinson, Tony Smeed (for Vanellope)
Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by Henry Jackman. The soundtrack also features original songs by Owl City, AKB48, Skrillex, and Buckner & Garcia.[85][86] Early in the development process, Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote an original song for the film; it was later cut out.[87]

text:
Wreck-It Ralph: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
October 30, 2012

Recorded
2012

Studio
Sony Scoring Stage (Score)

Length
70:36

Label
Walt Disney

Producer

Chris Montan
Tom MacDougall

Walt Disney Animation Studios chronology

Winnie the Pooh
(2011) Winnie the Pooh2011
Wreck-It Ralph
(2012) Wreck-It Ralph2012
Frozen
(2013) Frozen2013

Henry Jackman chronology

Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter
(2012) Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter2012
Wreck-It Ralph
(2012) Wreck-It Ralph2012
G.I. Joe: Retaliation
(2013) G.I. Joe: Retaliation2013

Singles from Wreck-It Ralph

"When Can I See You Again?"
Released: 2012

text: All music composed by Henry Jackman (except 1–6)[88].

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"When Can I See You Again?"

Adam Young
Matt Thiessen
Brian Lee

Owl City
3:38

2.
"Wreck-It, Wreck-It Ralph"
Jamie Houston
Buckner & Garcia
2:59

3.
"Celebration"

Kool & the Gang
3:40

4.
"Sugar Rush"

Yasushi Akimoto
Jamie Houston

AKB48
3:14

5.
"Bug Hunt (Noisia Remix)" (featuring John C. Reilly)
Skrillex
Skrillex
7:04

6.
"Shut Up and Drive"

Rihanna
3:32

7.
"Wreck-It Ralph"

1:33

8.
"Life in the Arcade"

0:43

9.
"Jumping Ship"

1:06

10.
"Rocket Fiasco"

5:48

11.
"Vanellope von Schweetz"

2:57

12.
"Royal Raceway"

3:23

13.
"Cupcake Breakout"

1:12

14.
"Candy Vandals"

1:39

15.
"Turbo Flashback"

1:42

16.
"Laffy Taffies"

1:35

17.
"One Minute to Win It"

1:17

18.
"Vanellope's Hideout"

2:33

19.
"Messing with the Program"

1:20

20.
"King Candy"

2:11

21.
"Broken-Karted"

2:49

22.
"Out of the Penthouse, Off to the Race"

2:51

23.
"Sugar Rush Showdown"

4:15

24.
"You're My Hero"

4:16

25.
"Arcade Finale"

3:19

Total length:
70:36

text: Video games[edit]

text: In addition to the Flash version of the Fix-It Felix Jr. game, Disney released a tie-in side-scrolling platform game called Wreck-It Ralph for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS, and Nintendo DS, to mostly negative reviews.[89][90] The arcade style side-scrolling game was produced in collaboration between Disney Interactive and Activision and serves as a "story extension" to the film. Taking place following the events of the film, players may play as Wreck-It Ralph or Fix-It Felix, causing or repairing damage, respectively, following another Cy-Bug incident. Game levels are based on the locations in the film like the Fix-It Felix Jr., Hero's Duty, and Sugar Rush games as well as Game Central Station. It was released in conjunction with the film's release, in November 2012.[91]

text: In October 2012, Disney released fully playable browser-based versions of the Hero's Duty and Sugar Rush games on the new official film site.[92] A mobile game titled Wreck-it Ralph was released in November 2012 for iOS and Android systems,[93] with a Windows Phone 8 version following almost a year later.[94] Initially, the game consisted of three mini-games, Fix-it Felix Jr., Hero's Duty and Sweet Climber, which were later joined by Turbo Time and Hero's Duty: Flight Command.[95][96] The game was retired on August 29, 2014.[97]

text: Ralph also appears in Sega's Sonic & All-Stars Racing Transformed as a playable guest character.[98]

text: Ralph and Vanellope appear as playable characters in Disney Infinity as well (voiced by Brian T. Delaney and Sarah Silverman, respectively); the Disney Store released their individual figures on January 7, 2014.[99][100][101] A combo "toy box pack" of the two figures with Sugar Rush customization discs was released April 1, 2014, from the Disney Store.[102]

text: Wreck-It Ralph is a playable world on the mobile game Disney Crossy Road.[citation needed]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In an interview on October 25, 2012, director Rich Moore said that he and Disney have ideas about a sequel that would bring the characters up to date and explore online gaming and console gaming.[103] Moore stated that many of the crew and voice cast are open to the sequel, believing that they have "barely scratched the surface" of the video game world they envisioned.[32] He also stated that he plans to include Mario and Tron in the sequel.[104][105] In a 2014 interview, the film's composer Henry Jackman said that a story for the sequel is being written.[106] In July 2015, John C. Reilly said he had signed on to reprise his role of Ralph in a projected sequel.[107]

text: On March 24, 2016, Rich Moore stated that a sequel is still being planned. Moore also hopes to specifically include an appearance from Mario, citing a "good relationship with Nintendo".[108] On June 30, 2016, Walt Disney Animation Studios announced that the sequel would be released on March 9, 2018, with John C. Reilly, Rich Moore, and writer Phil Johnston attached. John C. Reilly and Sarah Silverman will reprise their roles as Wreck-It Ralph and Vanellope von Schweetz, respectively. The plot will focus on "Ralph leaving the arcade and wrecking the Internet".[109][110] In April 2017, the sequel was pushed to November 21, 2018.[13]


document_title: The Greatest Show on Earth (film)

question_text: who plays sebastian in the greatest show on earth

root

text: The Greatest Show on Earth (film)

text: DeMille's opening remarks[edit]

text: "We bring you the circus—that Pied Piper whose magic tunes lead the children of all ages from 6 to 60 into a tinseled and spun-candied world of reckless beauty and mounting laughter; whirling thrills; of the rhythm, excitement and grace; of daring, enflaring and dance; of high-stepping horses and high-flying stars.

tag: p

text: "But behind all this, the circus is a massive machine whose very life depends on discipline, motion and speed—a mechanized army on wheels that rolls over any obstacle in its path—that meets calamity again and again, but always comes up smiling—a place where disaster and tragedy stalk the Big Top, haunt the back yard, and ride the circus train—where Death is constantly watching for one frayed rope, one weak link, or one trace of fear.

text: "A fierce, primitive fighting force that smashes relentlessly forward against impossible odds: That is the circus—and this is the story of the biggest of the Big Tops—and of the men and women who fight to make it—The Greatest Show On Earth!"

text: Plot[edit]

text: Brad Braden is the no-nonsense general manager of what was at the time the world's largest railroad circus. He has a number of problems on his hands for the upcoming season.

text: The show's board of directors plan to run a short 10-week season rather than risk losing $25,000 a day in a shaky post-war economy. Brad bargains to keep the circus on the road as long as it is making a profit, thus keeping employed the 1,400 performers and roustabouts who make Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus the Greatest Show On Earth.

text: Brad's first problem is having to tell his girlfriend, Holly, a flyer who has been expecting to be the star of that season's show, that she's out of the center ring. The only way he was able to get management to agree to a full season was to hire The Great Sebastian, "the debonair King of the Air" and world-class trapeze artist, as the star of the show. Holly knows Brad must think of the circus first and personal feelings second, and that he does not take chances with the show, but is nevertheless infuriated at his decision.

text: His second problem is keeping Sebastian under control. He has a well-deserved reputation as a ladies' man who has cut a wide swath through the female contingent of every show he's ever worked in, to the detriment of the running of those shows.

text: His third problem is keeping an eye on Harry, a midway concessionaire he suspects of running crooked games of chance, who works for a mysterious gangster named Mr. Henderson (who has a healthy respect for Brad and not much for Harry).

text: Another situation, unbeknownst to Brad, involves the beloved Buttons the Clown, who is never seen without his makeup. During a performance, Buttons converses with a female member of the audience — who warns him that an unnamed "they" are asking questions about him again. She is in fact his mother and they see each other only once a year. Hints about his former life are revealed as he gives first aid to performers and expertly wraps bandages around a trapeze for Holly. Holly later finds a newspaper article about a doctor who had "mercy killed" his wife, but does not immediately make the connection to Buttons.

text: The competition between Holly and Sebastian for the center ring develops into a romantic triangle as well, with both Sebastian and Brad vying for Holly as the aerialists' acts become increasingly daring and dangerous. Sebastian ignores his former lovers on the show: Angel, who performs in the elephant act; and Phyllis, who does a double turn as an iron jaw artist and a vocalist, starring in a South Seas spectacular built around her talent as a singer. The duel ends when, in response to a challenge from Holly, Sebastian removes his safety net and suffers serious injuries in a fall when a trick goes wrong. Buttons tends to him; and when the show's doctor expresses admiration for the way he dealt with the injuries, the clown explains, a little nervously, that he used to be a pharmacist's mate. Holly finally has the center ring and star billing – but not the way she wanted it. Brad is unable to comfort her because she is in love with Sebastian.

text: When Harry is caught cheating circus attendees on the midway, Brad calls him on it and fires him, finishing the fight Harry started by throwing him into a puddle of mud. Harry leaves the lot, vowing revenge. He is seen now and then on the periphery of the show, shooting craps and sowing disaffection, particularly with Klaus (Lyle Bettger) the elephant trainer who is obsessed with Angel, who works with his elephants as "the Sultan's Favorite."

text: Several months later, Sebastian rejoins the show, but is unable to return to the trapeze because his injuries from the fall have left him with a useless right arm. A guilt-ridden Holly professes her love for her former rival over the cold, unfeeling Brad. Calling Holly a fool "for busting up the swellest guy in the circus", Angel makes a pass at Brad and they become an item. This sits badly with Klaus, who has spent the entire season pursuing Angel. He cannot accept that she is not in love with him and does not want him.

text: As the show is about to leave one stand, Special Agent Gregory of the FBI intercepts Brad, asking whether the circus doctor looks like the photograph of a man he is hunting (the photo is of Buttons without makeup). Having never seen Buttons without makeup, Brad doesn't recognize the man in the photo. The detective boards the train to continue his investigation. Brad mentions this to Buttons, who tells him that Sebastian has feeling in his injured hand – a sign that his disability is not permanent. Brad makes the connection between Buttons and the fugitive doctor and comments that the police will be taking fingerprints at the next stand. The implication is that Buttons should make himself scarce until the detective leaves the show to search elsewhere.

text: The joy of Sebastian's potential recovery is overshadowed by a spectacular collision of the circus' two trains, set up by Harry and Angel's rejected suitor, Klaus, as a byproduct of their robbing the circus pay wagon of the money earned by the show at the last stand. When Klaus sees the second section coming up the track and realizes that Angel is aboard, he knocks Harry out and tries to stop the train. Both he and Harry are killed when the second section train smashes their car off the tracks and crashes into the rear of the first section, derailing train cars, breaking animal cages open, shredding equipment, and injuring people by the score.

text: Buttons, who had been about to flee, returns after a plea from Holly who, like Brad, had made the connection between the doctor "who killed the wife he loved, then vanished" and his new identity as Buttons the Clown. Buttons saves the critically injured Brad by giving him a direct interhuman blood transfusion from Sebastian "on the fly", despite knowing that Gregory is watching. This in turn leads to the reluctant arrest of Buttons by the FBI agent, whom Gregory declares "is all right."

text: Holly realizes that she is actually in love with Brad, and that she has always loved him. She takes command of the show, mounting a circus parade through the town nearest the crash and staging an open air show by the crash site, as the Big Top and lighting were lost in the wreck. Brad's brush with death makes him realize that he is in love with Holly, but ironically she now hasn't time for him because the show must go on. The final loose end is tied up when Sebastian proposes to Angel and she accepts. The movie ends with the troupe mounting a "spec" to open their improvised performance, which will keep the show in the black and enable them to continue their tour, a magnificent recovery from disaster.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Betty Hutton as Holly
Cornel Wilde as The Great Sebastian
Charlton Heston as Brad Braden
James Stewart as Buttons the Clown
Dorothy Lamour as Phyllis
Gloria Grahame as Angel
Henry Wilcoxon as FBI Agent Gregory
Lawrence Tierney as Mr. Henderson
Lyle Bettger as Klaus
John Ridgely as Assistant Manager
Frank Wilcox as Circus doctor
Brad Johnson as unnamed reporter
John Kellogg as Harry
Cecil B. DeMille as Narrator (uncredited)

text: The film features about 85 Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus acts, including clowns Emmett Kelly and Lou Jacobs, midget Cucciola, bandmaster Merle Evans, foot juggler Miss Loni, and aerialist Antoinette Concello.[3] John Ringling North plays himself as the owner of the circus.

text: There are a number of unbilled cameo appearances (mostly in the circus audiences) including Bob Hope and Bing Crosby, Dorothy Lamour's co-stars in the Road to ... movies.[3] William Boyd appears in his usual guise of Hopalong Cassidy. Danny Thomas, Van Heflin, character actor Oliver Blake, and Noel Neill are seen as circus patrons, among others. Leon Ames is seen and heard in the train wreck sequence. A barker, kept anonymous until the very end, is heard in the closing moments of the film. The voice is finally revealed to be that of Edmond O'Brien.

text: Production[edit]

text: Lucille Ball was offered Gloria Grahame's role in the picture by DeMille, but dropped out when she discovered she was pregnant with her first child, Lucie Arnaz.

text: The music for the song, "Lovely Luawana Lady", was written by John Ringling North, who appears briefly as himself during the discussion about whether the show would play the road rather than have a short 10-week season. North was a nephew of the five Ringling Brothers who founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. At the time the movie was filmed, John Ringling North was the owner of The Greatest Show on Earth.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film earned an estimated $12 million at the North American box office in 1952[4] and was the highest-grossing film in the United States that year.[5][better source needed] It was also the most popular film in Britain in 1952.[6] It was the most popular film of the year in France in 1953.[7]

text: In 1952, Bosley Crowther called The Greatest Show on Earth a "lusty triumph of circus showmanship and movie skill" and a "piece of entertainment that will delight movie audiences for years":[8]

text: In 1952, Time magazine called it a "mammoth merger of two masters of malarkey for the masses: P. T. Barnum and Cecil B. de Mille" as well as a film that "fills the screen with pageants and parades [and] finds a spot for 60-odd circus acts" with a plot that "does not quite hold all this pageantry together."[9]

text: In 1952, Variety wrote that the film "effectively serve[s] the purpose of a framework for all the atmosphere and excitement of the circus on both sides of the big canvas."[3]

text: In 1977, Joe Walders wrote in TV Guide that a film's box office success does not necessarily translate to continued popularity on TV, and cites this film as a primary example. It "was not only the top moneymaker of the year, but it also won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Yet it has rarely done well on television."[10]

text: In 1999, critic Leonard Maltin opined that "like most of DeMille's movies, this may not be art, but it's hugely enjoyable".[11]

text: In 2005, The Official Razzie Movie Guide: Enjoying the Best of Hollywood's Worst includes The Greatest Show on Earth.[12]

text: Some reviewers consider The Greatest Show on Earth among the worst choices the Academy made for Best Picture. In 2005, Empire listed it as the third worst Best Picture winner.[13] The following year, in an article for MSNBC about the 78th Academy Awards selection of Crash as Best Picture, Erik Lundegaard called Crash the "worst Best Picture winner since the 'dull, bloated' film The Greatest Show on Earth"[14] In 2013, the fact that The Greatest Show on Earth won over High Noon was listed by Time among the 10 Most Controversial Best Picture Races.[15]

text: Awards[edit]

text: At the 25th Academy Awards, the movie won Oscars for Best Picture and Best Story. It received nominations for Best Director, Best Film Editing, and Best Costume Design, Color. It was the last Best Picture winner to win fewer than three Academy Awards until Spotlight in 2016.

text: Some consider this film among the worst to have ever won the Academy Award for Best Picture. It also won that award over highly rated films such as High Noon, The Quiet Man, and Singin' in the Rain. The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners[16] and the British film magazine Empire rated it #3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners.[17] It has the second lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture.[18]

text: Stanley Kramer alleged that the film's Best Picture Oscar was due to the political climate in Hollywood in 1952.[19] Senator Joseph McCarthy was pursuing Communists at the time, and DeMille was a conservative Republican involved with the National Committee for a Free Europe. Another Best Picture nominee, High Noon, was produced by Carl Foreman, who would soon be on the Hollywood blacklist, and one of the scriptwriters of Ivanhoe, Marguerite Roberts, was also blacklisted.

text: Another likely reason The Greatest Show on Earth was voted Best Picture of 1952 was that it was seen as a "last chance" vote for Cecil B. DeMille, to honor him for a lifetime of filmmaking going well back into the silent movie era. DeMille's best work had been done before the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was created. It may be that the members of the Academy (which included many veterans of the silent era) felt that as an elder statesman of Hollywood and founding member of the Academy,[20] he deserved the honor even if other films that year were better than The Greatest Show on Earth. Many people today would agree that The Ten Commandments, DeMille's next (and last) film which he produced and directed, was more deserving of the 1956 Best Picture Oscar than Around the World in 80 Days and more deserving of an honor to DeMille's magnificent and legendary career and his contributions to the growth and evolution of cinema than The Greatest Show on Earth.

text: Influence[edit]

text: A television series of the same title, was inspired by the film, with Jack Palance in the role of Charlton Heston's character. The program ran on Tuesday evenings for thirty episodes on ABC during the 1963–1964 season.

text: The self-titled theme song later served as the theme for WGN-TV's long running Bozo's Circus.[21]

text: The Greatest Show on Earth was the first film that director Steven Spielberg saw and he credits it as one of the major inspirations that led him into a film career.[22] He pointed out the film's train crash scene as a major influence, and this influence was later reflected in the 2011 science fiction film Super 8, which he produced.

text: In Steven Spielberg's remake of The War of the Worlds, an early scene shows two kids channel-surfing on their television, and the train-wreck scene from The Greatest Show on Earth is being broadcast.


document_title: Back to the Future (soundtrack)

question_text: who sang mr sandman in back to the future

text: Back to the Future (soundtrack)

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"The Power of Love" – Huey Lewis and the News (3:58)[3]
"Time Bomb Town" – Lindsey Buckingham (2:48)
"Back to the Future" – The Outatime Orchestra (3:20)
"Heaven Is One Step Away" – Eric Clapton (4:13)
"Back in Time" – Huey Lewis & the News (4:22)
"Back to the Future Overture" - The Outatime Orchestra (8:19)
"The Wallflower (Dance with Me Henry)" – Etta James (2:45)
"Night Train" – Marvin Berry & the Starlighters (2:17)
"Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)" – Marvin Berry & the Starlighters (3:02)
"Johnny B. Goode" – Marty McFly With The Starlighters (3:06)

tag: ol

text: The Outatime Orchestra is named after the license plate of the DeLorean.

text: Songs not included on the soundtrack album:[4]

text:
"The Washington Post" - Composed by John Philip Sousa
"Mr. Sandman" - Performed by The Four Aces
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" - Performed by Fess Parker
"Pledging My Love" - Performed by Johnny Ace
"Out the Window" - Performed by Edward Van Halen

text: To put the tracks in the chronological order they first appear in the film, the listing would be as such: 1, 2, 7, the first 90 seconds of 6, 8, 9, 10, the remainder of 6, 4, 5 and 3. The "Back to the Future Overture" on the original album is made up of the following cues as released on the subsequent score album:

text:
Marty's Letter
Clocktower (:50 - 5:35)
'85 Lone Pine Mall (1:41 - end)

text: A 1999 CD release entitled The Back to the Future Trilogy featured additional compositions by Silvestri from the first film. However, these were re-recordings by the Scottish National Orchestra and not Silvestri's original recordings.[5]

text: "Johnny B. Goode"[edit]

text: The musical material ostensibly performed by the characters Marty McFly, Marvin Berry and the Starlighters in the film, was recorded by Harry Waters, Jr. as Marvin Berry and Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, and the guitar solo by Tim May. (Campbell and May received a "Special Thanks" acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters.) Berry's group also plays the song "Night Train", first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951.[6]

text: In the film, Marvin Berry, a fictitious cousin of Chuck Berry, phones Chuck and lets him listen to the music. The real Johnny B. Goode was released only three years after the time it is played in the film.[7]

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text: The film's musical score was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri, who later wrote music for Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Forrest Gump and numerous other films, many of them directed by Robert Zemeckis. The memorable themes in his "Back to the Future Overture" have since been heard in the film's sequels (also scored by Silvestri), in Back to the Future: The Ride, and as ambient music at the Universal Studios theme parks. A remix of the main theme was heard in the opening sequence for MCA-Universal Home Video from 1990 to 1997. The upbeat soundtrack, featuring two new songs by Huey Lewis and the News, also contributed to the film's popularity. "The Power of Love" became the band's first song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for an Academy Award. Huey Lewis portrayed the high-school band audition judge who rejects Marty McFly's band, the Pinheads, as they perform the short instrumental hard-rock version of "The Power of Love".

text: There is also another album version of the soundtrack, with only the original score by Silvestri. The only legitimate release was by independent label Intrada,[8] but another so-called "DeLorean" version released in the 1990s was an unauthorized bootleg.[9]

text: Score album[edit]

text:
Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection 2-CD ScoreFilm score by Alan SilvestriReleased
November 2009Recorded
1985Genre
Film soundtrackScoreLength
89:08Label
IntradaBack to the Future Soundtrack chronology

The Back to the Future Trilogy (soundtrack)(1999)

Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection 2-CD Score(2009)

tag: table

text: In November 2009, Intrada released an official two-disc album containing Silvestri's complete score. The first disc contained the complete orchestral score as recorded for the finished film, along with two source cues that Silvestri wrote. The second disc consisted of alternate approaches that Silvestri took with a large portion of the score, with a darker, more serious tone.

text: None of the songs from the first album are included in this score-only album, and for moments in the film where Silvestri's score was shortened (i.e. the final moments of "Einstein Disintegrated" and "Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"), replaced with source music ("Town Square") or unused ("Logo"), the full score cue is presented as originally recorded.

text: The set was a limited edition of 10,000 units and sold nearly 6,000 by the end of January 2010.[10] It sold out in August 2014; however, on October 12, 2015 it was made available as an unlimited release in a single-disc edition, featuring the music on disc one of the two-disc set.[11]

text: showCD 1: The Complete Original Motion Picture SoundtrackNo.TitleLength1."Logo"0:222."DeLorean Reveal"0:473."Einstein Disintegrated"1:234."'85 Twin Pines Mall"4:435."Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"3:116."'55 Town Square"1:197."Lorraine's Bedroom"0:478."Retrieve DeLorean"1:159."1.21 Jigowatts"1:3810."The Picture"1:0811."Picture Fades"0:1812."Skateboard Chase"1:3913."Marty's Letter"1:1914."George To The Rescue – Pt. 1"0:5115."Marvin Be-Bop (Source cue)"2:2616."George To The Rescue – Pt. 2"2:3617."Tension; The Kiss"1:3418."Goodnight Marty (Source cue)"1:3219."It's Been Educational; Clocktower"10:3120."Helicopter"0:2021."'85 Lone Pine Mall"3:4722."4x4"0:4123."Doc Returns"1:1424."Back to the Future (End credits)"3:18

text: showCD 2: The Creation of a Classic... Alternate Early SessionsNo.TitleLength1."DeLorean Reveal"0:422."Einstein Disintegrated"1:243."Peabody Barn"2:074."Marty Ditches DeLorean"1:565."'55 Town Square #1 (Trumpet open)"1:366."'55 Town Square #2 (Trumpet mute)"1:367."Retrieve DeLorean"1:158."1.21 Jigowatts"1:369."The Picture"1:0710."Skateboard Chase"1:4011."George to the Rescue"4:1412."Tension; The Kiss"1:4113."Clocktower"10:5614."'85 Lone Pine Mall"3:4715."Doc Returns"1:2016."Ling Ting Ring (Unused source cue)"2:01

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1985–86)

Peakposition

US Top Pop Albums (Billboard)[12]

12

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region

Certification
Certified units/Sales

United States (RIAA)[13]

Gold

500,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone^shipments figures based on certification alone


document_title: French Canadians

question_text: when did the french first come to canada

text: French Canadians

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The French Canadians get their name from Canada, the most developed and densely populated region of New France during the period of French colonization in the 17th and 18th century. The original use of the term Canada referred to the land area along the St. Lawrence River, divided in three districts (Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal), as well as to the Pays d'en Haut (Upper Countries), a vast and thinly settled territorial dependence north and west of Montreal which covered the whole of the Great Lakes area.

text: From 1535 to the 1690s, the French word Canadien had referred to the First Nations the French had encountered in the St. Lawrence River valley at Stadacona and Hochelaga.[7] At the end of the 17th century, Canadien became an ethnonym distinguishing the inhabitants of Canada from those of France. After World War I, English-Canadians appropriated the term "Canadian" and French-Canadians identified as Québécois instead.[8]

text: Identities[edit]

text: Canada[edit]

text:
Top four reported "French" ethnic or cultural identities in Canada[9]

Identity
Population

French Canadians
6,695,770

French
4,941,210

Québécois
146,590

Acadian
96,145

text: French Canadians living in Canada express their cultural identity using a number of terms. The Ethnic Diversity Survey of the 2006 Canadian census[10][11][12] found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as French, French Canadians, Québécois, and Acadian. The latter three were grouped together by Jantzen (2006) as "French New World" ancestries because they originate in Canada.[9][13]

text: Jantzen (2006) distinguishes the English Canadian, meaning "someone whose family has been in Canada for multiple generations", and the French Canadien, used to refer to descendants of the original settlers of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries.[14] "Canadien" was used to refer to the French-speaking residents of New France beginning in the last half of the 17th century. The English-speaking residents who arrived later from Great Britain were called "Anglais". This usage continued until Canadian Confederation in 1867.[15] Confederation united several former British colonies into the Dominion of Canada, and from that time forward, the word "Canadian" has been used to describe both English-speaking and French-speaking citizens, wherever they live in the country.

text: Those reporting "French New World" ancestries overwhelmingly had ancestors that went back at least four generations in Canada.[16] Fourth generation Canadiens and Québécois showed considerable attachment to their ethno-cultural group, with 70% and 61%, respectively, reporting a strong sense of belonging.[17]

text: The generational profile and strength of identity of French New World ancestries contrast with those of British or Canadian ancestries, which represent the largest ethnic identities in Canada.[18] Although deeply rooted Canadians express a deep attachment to their ethnic identity, most English-speaking Canadians of British or Canadian ancestry generally cannot trace their ancestry as far back in Canada as French-speakers.[19] As a result, their identification with their ethnicity is weaker: for example, only 50% of third generation "Canadians" strongly identify as such, bringing down the overall average.[20] The survey report notes that 80% of Canadians whose families had been in Canada for three or more generations reported "Canadian and provincial or regional ethnic identities". These identities include French New World ancestries such as "Québécois" (37% of Quebec population), "Acadian" (6% of Atlantic provinces).[21]

text: Quebec[edit]

text: Since the 1960s, French Canadians in Quebec have generally used Québécois (masculine) or Québécoise (feminine) to express their cultural and national identity, rather than Canadien français and Canadienne française. Francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French-Canadian ancestry may not identify as "French Canadian" (Canadien or Canadien français). Those who do have French or French-Canadian ancestry, but who support Quebec sovereignty, often find Canadien français to be archaic or even pejorative. This is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebeckers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of francophone Quebecers, maintain within Quebec. It has given Québécois an ambiguous meaning[22] which has often played out in political issues,[23] as all public institutions attached to the Government of Quebec refer to all Quebec citizens, regardless of their language or their cultural heritage, as Québécois.

text: Elsewhere in Canada[edit]

text: The emphasis on the French language and Quebec autonomy means that French-speakers across Canada may now self-identify as québécois(e), acadien(ne), or Franco-canadien(ne), or as provincial linguistic minorities such as Franco-manitobain(e), Franco-ontarien(ne) or fransaskois(e).[24] Education, health and social services are provided by provincial institutions, so that provincial identities are often used to identify French-language institutions:

text:
Franco-Newfoundlanders, province of Newfoundland and Labrador, also known as Terre-Neuvien(ne)
Franco-Ontarians, province of Ontario, also referred to as Ontarien(ne)
Franco-Manitobans, province of Manitoba, also referred to as Manitobain(e)
Fransaskois, province of Saskatchewan, also referred to Saskois(e)
Franco-Albertans, province of Alberta, also referred to Albertain(e)
Franco-Columbians, province of British Columbia mostly live in the Vancouver metro area; also referred to as Franco-Colombien(ne)
Franco-Yukonnais, territory of Yukon, also referred to as Yukonais(e)
Franco-Ténois, territory of Northwest Territories, also referred to as Ténois(e)
Franco-Nunavois, territory of Nunavut, also referred to as Nunavois(e)

text: Acadians residing in the provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia represent a distinct francophone culture. This group's culture and history evolved separately from the French Canadian culture of Quebec, at a time when the Maritime Provinces were not part of what was referred to as Canada, and are consequently considered a distinct culture from French Canadians.

text: Brayons in Madawaska County, New Brunswick and Aroostook County, Maine may be identified with either the Acadians or the Québécois, or considered a distinct group in their own right, by different sources.

text: French Canadians outside Quebec are more likely to self-identify as "French Canadian". Identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, with Franco-Ontarians, for example, using their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do. Some identify only with the provincial groupings, explicitly rejecting "French Canadian" as an identity label.

text: United States[edit]

text: During the mid-18th century, French Canadian explorers and colonists colonized other parts of North America in what are today Louisiana (called Louisianais), Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, far northern New York and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan as well as around Detroit.[25] They also founded such cities as New Orleans and St. Louis and villages in the Mississippi Valley. French Canadians later emigrated in large numbers from Canada to the United States between the 1840s and the 1930s in search of economic opportunities in border communities and industrialized portions of New England.[26] French-Canadian communities in the United States remain along the Quebec border in Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire, as well as further south in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. There is also a significant community of French Canadians in South Florida, particularly Hollywood, Florida, especially during the winter months. The wealth of Catholic churches named after St. Louis throughout New England is indicative of the French immigration to the area. They came to identify as Franco-American, especially those who were born American.

text: Distinctions between French Canadian, natives of France, and other New World French identities is more blurred in the U.S. than in Canada, but those who identify as French Canadian or Franco American generally do not regard themselves as French. Rather, they identify culturally, historically, and ethnically with the culture that originated in Quebec that is differentiated from French culture. In L'avenir du français aux États-Unis, Calvin Veltman and Benoît Lacroix found that since the French language has been so widely abandoned in the United States, the term "French Canadian" has taken on an ethnic rather than linguistic meaning.[27]

text: French Canadian identities are influenced by historical events that inform regional cultures. For example, in New England, the relatively recent immigration (19th/20th centuries) is informed by experiences of language oppression and an identification with certain occupations, such as the mill workers. In the Great Lakes, many French Canadians also identify as Métis and trace their ancestry to the earliest voyageurs and settlers; many also have ancestry dating to the lumber era and often a mixture of the two groups.

text: The main Franco-American regional identities are:

text:
French Canadians:

French Canadians of the Great Lakes (including Muskrat French)
New England French

White Creoles:

Missouri French (and other people of French ancestry in the former Illinois Country)
Louisiana Creoles (who speak Colonial French)

Cajuns

text: Population[edit]

text: People who today claim some French-Canadian ancestry or heritage number some 7 million in Canada and 2.4 million people in the United States. (An additional 8.4 million Americans claim French ancestry; they are treated as a separate ethnic group by the U.S. Census Bureau.)

text: Distribution in Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, 85% of French Canadians reside in Quebec where they constitute the majority of the population in all regions except the far North. Most cities and villages in this province were built and settled by the French or French Canadians during the French colonial rule.

text: There are various urban and small centres in Canada outside Quebec that have long-standing populations of French Canadians, going back to the late 19th century. Eastern and Northern Ontario have large populations of francophones in communities such as Ottawa, Cornwall, Hawkesbury, Sudbury, Welland, Timmins and Windsor. Many also pioneered the Canadian Prairies in the late 18th century, founding the towns of Saint Boniface, Manitoba and in Alberta's Peace Country, including the region of Grande Prairie.

text: The following table shows the population of Canada's that is of French ancestry. The data is from Statistics Canada.

text: It is important to understand that the French-speaking population have massively chosen the "Canadian" ("Canadien") ethnic group since the government made it possible (1986), which has made the current statistics misleading. The term Canadien historically referred only to a French-speaker, though today it is used in French to describe any Canadian citizen.

text: It is estimated that roughly 70%-75% of Quebec's population descend from the French pioneers of the 17th and 18th century.

text:
Province or territory
%
Total
population
responding

Canada — Total
15.8%
5,174,050

British Columbia
11.6%
361,000

Alberta
11.9%
388,210

Saskatchewan
16.4%
161,603

Manitoba
13.1%
150,440

Ontario
11.2%
1,351,765

Quebec
30.38%
2,906,475

New Brunswick
30.1% (including Acadians)
220,000

Nova Scotia
16.2%
152,548

Prince Edward Island
23.1%
31,381

Newfoundland and Labrador
5.5%
27,800

Nunavut
1.27%
370

Northwest Territories
2.4%
975

Yukon
3.69%
1,105

text: Comparative table for the 2011 Canadian census:

text:
Province or territory
%
Total
population
responding

Canada — Total
16.07%
5 380 500

British Columbia
8.5%
374 515

Alberta
11%
402 070

Saskatchewan
11.9%
123 355

Manitoba
12.3%
148 805

Ontario
10.7%
1 385 200

Quebec
31.31%
2 474 025

New Brunswick
31%
232 915

Nova Scotia
18.9%
174 850

Prince Edward Island
23.4%
32 760

Newfoundland and Labrador
5.5%
29 355

Nunavut
1.27%
405

Northwest Territories
2.4%
995

Yukon
3.69%
1,250

text: Distribution in the United States[edit]

text: In the United States, many cities were founded as colonial outposts of New France by French or French-Canadian explorers. They include Mobile (Alabama), Coeur d'Alene (Idaho), Vincennes (Indiana), Belleville (Illinois), Bourbonnais (Illinois), Prairie du Rocher (Illinois), Dubuque (Iowa), Baton Rouge (Louisiana), New Orleans (Louisiana), Detroit (Michigan), Biloxi (Mississippi), Creve Coeur (Missouri), St. Louis (Missouri), Pittsburgh (Fort Duquesne, Pennsylvania), Provo (Utah), Green Bay (Wisconsin), La Crosse (Wisconsin), Milwaukee (Wisconsin) or Prairie du Chien (Wisconsin).

text: The majority of the French-Canadian population in the United States is found in the New England area, although there is also a large French-Canadian presence in Plattsburgh, New York, across Lake Champlain from Burlington, Vermont. Quebec and Acadian emigrants settled in industrial cities like Fitchburg, Leominster, Lynn, Worcester, Waltham, Lowell, Lawrence, Chicopee, Fall River, and New Bedford in Massachusetts; Woonsocket in Rhode Island; Manchester and Nashua in New Hampshire; Bristol in Connecticut; throughout the state of Vermont, particularly in Burlington, St. Albans, and Barre; and Biddeford and Lewiston in Maine. Smaller groups of French Canadians settled in the Midwest, notably in the states of Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Minnesota. French-Canadians also settled in central North Dakota, largely in Rolette and Bottineau counties, and in South Dakota.

text: Some Metis still speak Michif, a language influenced by French, and a mixture of other European and Native American tribal languages.

text: Culture[edit]

text: Language[edit]

text: Canadian French is an umbrella term for the distinct varieties of French spoken by francophone Canadians: Québécois (Quebec French), Acadian French, Métis French, and Newfoundland French. Unlike Acadian French and Newfoundland French, the French of Ontario, the Canadian West, and New England all originate from what is now Quebec French and do not constitute distinct varieties from it, though there are some regional differences. French Canadians may also speak either Canadian English or American English, especially if they live in overwhelmingly English-speaking Canadian provinces or in the United States.

text: In Quebec, about six million French Canadians are native French speakers. 599,225 (7.7% of population) are English-speaking, Anglophones or English-speaking Quebecers, and others are Allophones (literally "other-speakers", meaning, in practice, immigrants who speak neither French nor English at home). In the United States, assimilation to the English language was more significant and very few Americans of French-Canadian ancestry or heritage speak French today.

text: Six million of Canada's native French speakers, of all origins, are found in the province of Quebec, where they constitute the majority language group, and another one million are distributed throughout the rest of Canada. Roughly 31% of Canadian citizens are French-speaking and 25% are of French-Canadian descent. Not all French speakers are of French descent, and not all people of French-Canadian heritage are exclusively or primarily French-speaking.

text: Francophones living in Canadian provinces other than Quebec have enjoyed minority language rights under Canadian law since at least 1969, with the Official Languages Act, and under the Canadian Constitution since 1982, protecting them from provincial governments that have historically been indifferent towards their presence. At the provincial level, New Brunswick formally designates French as a full official language, while other provinces vary in the level of French language services they offer. All three of Canada's territories include French as an official language of the territory alongside English and local indigenous languages, although in practice French-language services are normally available only in the capital cities and not across the entire territory.

text: Religion[edit]

text: Christianity is the predominant religion of French Canadians, with Roman Catholicism the chief denomination. The kingdom of France forbade non-Catholic settlement in New France from 1629 onward and thus, almost all French settlers of Canada were Catholic. In the United States, some families of French-Canadian origin have converted to Protestantism. Until the 1960s, religion was a central component of French-Canadian national identity. The Church parish was the focal point of civic life in French-Canadian society, and religious orders ran French-Canadian schools, hospitals and orphanages and were very influential in everyday life in general. During the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, however, the practice of Catholicism dropped drastically.[28] Church attendance in Quebec currently remains low. Rates of religious observance among French Canadians outside Quebec tend to vary by region, and by age. In general, however, those in Quebec are the least observant, while those in the United States of America and other places away from Quebec tend to be the most observant.

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: French Canadians have selectively bred distinct livestock over the centuries, including cattle, horses and chickens.

text: Traditionally Canadiens had a [Subsistence agriculture] in Eastern Canada (Québec),[citation needed] this subsistence agriculture slowly evolved in dairy farm during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century while retaining the subsistence side. By 1960 agriculture changed toward an industrial agriculture.

text: History[edit]

text: The French were the first Europeans to permanently colonize what is now Quebec, parts of Ontario, Acadia, and select areas of Western Canada, all in Canada (See French colonization of the Americas.) Their colonies of New France (also commonly called Canada) stretched across what today are the Maritime provinces, southern Quebec and Ontario, as well as the entire Mississippi River Valley.

text: The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608 as fur trading posts. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The inhabitants of Canada called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France.[29] The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadiens, came mostly but not exclusively from the Southwestern region of France. Canadien explorers and fur traders would come to be known as coureurs des bois, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as habitants. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters of this era. Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquin marriages.

text: During the mid-18th century, French explorers and Canadiens born in French Canada colonized other parts of North America in what are today the states of Louisiana (called Louisianais), Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Vincennes, Indiana, Louisville, Kentucky, the Windsor-Detroit region and the Canadian prairies (primarily Southern Manitoba).

text: After the 1760 British conquest of New France in the French and Indian War (known as the Seven Years' War in Canada), the French-Canadian population remained important in the life of the colonies.

text: The British gained Acadia by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. In 1755, the beginning of the French and Indian War, the British—ally British Americans from Massachusetts—committed what historian John Mack Faragher calls the first genocide by devastating Acadia, deporting 75% of the Acadian population to other British colonies and France in a massive diaspora. Those Acadians deported to Southern colonies close to French Louisiana migrated there, creating "Cajun" culture. Beyond Acadia, French Canadians escaped this fate in part because of the capitulation act that made them British subjects.[citation needed] It took the 1774 Quebec Act for them to regain the French civil law system, and in 1791 French Canadians in Lower Canada were introduced to the British parliamentary system when an elected Legislative Assembly was created.

text: The Legislative Assembly having no real power, the political situation degenerated into the Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837–1838, after which Lower Canada and Upper Canada were unified. Some of the motivations for the union was to limit French-Canadian political power and at the same time transferring a large part of the Upper Canadian debt to the debt-free Lower Canada. After many decades of British immigration, the Canadiens became a minority in the Province of Canada in the 1850s.

text: French-Canadian contributions were essential in securing responsible government for The Canadas and in undertaking Canadian Confederation. However, over the course of the late 19th and 20th centuries, French Canadians' discontent grew with their place in Canada because of a series of events, including the execution of Louis Riel, the elimination of official bilingualism in Manitoba, Canada's participation in the Second Boer War, Regulation 17 which banned French-language schools in Ontario, the Conscription Crisis of 1917 and the Conscription Crisis of 1944.

text: Between the 1840s and the 1930s, some 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to the New England region. About half of them returned home. The generations born in the United States would eventually come to see themselves as Franco-Americans. During the same period of time, numerous French Canadians also emigrated and settled in Eastern and Northern Ontario. The descendants of those Quebec immigrants constitute the bulk of today's Franco-Ontarian community.

text: Since 1968, French has been one of Canada's two official languages. It is the sole official language of Quebec and one of the official languages of New Brunswick, Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The province of Ontario has no official languages defined in law, although the provincial government provides French language services in many parts of the province under the French Language Services Act.

text: Modern usage[edit]

text: In English usage, the terms for provincial subgroups, if used at all, are usually defined solely by province of residence, with all of the terms being strictly interchangeable with French Canadian. Although this remains the more common usage in English, it is considered outdated to many Canadians of French descent, especially in Quebec. Most francophone Canadians who use the provincial labels identify with their province of origin, even if it is not the province in which they currently reside; for example, a Québécois who moved to Manitoba would not normally change their own self-identification to Franco-Manitoban.

text: Increasingly, provincial labels are used to stress the linguistic and cultural, as opposed to ethnic and religious, nature of French-speaking institutions and organizations. The term "French Canadian" is still used in historical and cultural contexts, or when it is necessary to refer to Canadians of French-Canadian heritage collectively, such as in the name and mandate of national organizations which serve francophone communities across Canada. Francophone Canadians of non-French-Canadian origin such as immigrants from francophone countries are not usually designated by the term "French Canadian" the more general term "francophones" is used for French-speaking Canadians across all ethnic origins.

text: Organizations[edit]

text: Association francophone pour le savoir

text: French-Canadian flags[edit]

text:
Quebec

Acadiens

Franco-Albertans

Fransaskois

Franco-Columbians

Franco-Manitobans

Franco-Ontarians

Franco-Yukonnais

Franco-Nunavois

Franco-Ténois


document_title: The Conjuring 2

question_text: what is the name of the nun in conjuring 2

text: The Conjuring 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1976, paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren document the Amityville murders at the Amityville house, to determine if a demonic presence was truly responsible for Ronald DeFeo Jr. murdering his family on November 13, 1974, and the subsequent haunting incident involving the Lutz family. During a seance, Lorraine is drawn into a vision where she relives the murders. A demonic nun figure appears and lures her to the basement, where she witnesses Ed being impaled before breaking out of the vision.

text: In 1977, the Hodgson family begins to experience strange occurrences in their home in the London suburb of Enfield. Janet, the second oldest of four children, is seen sleepwalking and conversing in her dreams with an entity in the form of an angry elderly man, who insists that the house is his. Eventually, all the Hodgson siblings and their mother Peggy witness paranormal events occurring right before their eyes, forcing them to seek refuge with their neighbors. When the media attempts to interview the Hodgsons, Janet is possessed by the spirit of the elderly man, Bill Wilkins, who is revealed to have previously lived and died in the house. During the possession, Wilkins states that he enjoys tormenting the family and wants to reclaim his home. As Janet begins to show more signs of demonic possession, the story eventually reaches the Warrens, and their assistance is requested to assist the local church in an investigation to prove whether or not Janet's possession is a hoax. Lorraine, fearful that her vision of Ed's death may become reality, warns him not to get too involved in the case, but she reluctantly agrees to travel to London with him. She has yet another vision of the demonic nun in Ed's study wherein the demon says its name, which Lorraine scribbles in her Bible.

text: While staying at the Hodgson residence, Ed and Lorraine consult with other paranormal investigators, including Maurice Grosse and Anita Gregory, on the legitimacy of the case. They also attempt to communicate with Wilkins' spirit, hoping to convince him to stop haunting the family. One night, after the Hodgsons witness Janet being possessed, Gregory presents video evidence of Janet purposely wrecking the kitchen as if for a practical joke, thereby discrediting the haunting. Based on this discovery, Ed and Lorraine feel they have no choice but to leave the family on their own but soon discover that the spirit of Wilkins is only a pawn being manipulated by the demonic nun, to haunt Janet and break her will. Lorraine then realizes that her abilities have been blocked by the demonic nun, preventing her from grasping the truth of Janet's possession.

text: Ed and Lorraine quickly return to the Hodgson residence, only to find Janet being possessed once more and the rest of the Hodgsons locked outside the house. Ed ventures inside the house alone. A lightning strike hits a tree near the house, leaving a jagged stump resembling the object that impaled Ed in Lorraine's vision. Ed finds Janet standing near the window, ready to leap onto the stump and commit suicide. He manages to grab Janet in time, but finds himself holding onto a curtain that is being torn from its rings by his and Janet's weight. Lorraine remembers that she wrote the demon's name – Valak – in her Bible. She enters the house and confronts Valak, addressing it by name and successfully condemns it back to Hell. Janet is freed of its possession, and Lorraine pulls her and Ed to safety.

text: After returning home to the United States, Ed adds an item to his and Lorraine's collection – "The Crooked Man" zoetrope toy owned by Peggy's youngest child Billy – placing it near April's music box and the Annabelle doll.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Patrick Wilson as Ed Warren
Vera Farmiga as Lorraine Warren
Madison Wolfe as Janet Hodgson
Frances O'Connor as Peggy Hodgson
Lauren Esposito as Margaret Hodgson
Benjamin Haigh as Billy Hodgson
Patrick McAuley as Johnny Hodgson
Simon McBurney as Maurice Grosse
Maria Doyle Kennedy as Peggy Nottingham
Simon Delaney as Vic Nottingham
Franka Potente as Anita Gregory
Bob Adrian as Bill Wilkins
Robin Atkin Downes as Demon Voice
Bonnie Aarons as Valak (Demon Nun)
Javier Botet as Crooked Man
Steve Coulter as Father Gordon
Abhi Sinha as Harry Whitmark
Chris Royds as Graham Morris
Sterling Jerins as Judy Warren
Kent Allen as Daniel Wolfe
Annie Young as Constable Heeps
Elliot Joseph as Constable Joseph
Cory English as Skeptic Kaplan
Joseph Bishara as Demon
Shannon Kook as Drew

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2013, prior to The Conjuring's release, Variety reported that New Line Cinema was already in the early stages of development of a sequel, following the positive test screenings and reviews of the first film.[5] The film deals with the case of the Enfield Poltergeist, which took place in the London Borough of Enfield from 1977 to 1979, and involved the alleged haunting of two sisters, aged 11 and 13, at their mother's council house.[6] The Conjuring 2 also touches on the Warrens' most famous and most documented case, The Amityville Horror.[7]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text:
I've been working very heavily on the script, and the idea of continuing the saga of Ed and Lorraine Warren is actually very exciting. So the idea of going back to kind of nurture my baby that I created is part of the reason why I'm going back to do The Conjuring 2.

– James Wan, explaining his reasons for returning to direct the sequel.[8]

tag: div

text: In July 2013, it was reported that Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson had signed on to reprise their roles from The Conjuring.[9] This was confirmed in February 2014.[10] On October 21, 2014, it was announced that James Wan would return to direct the sequel, and production would begin in the summer of 2015.[11] In early July 2015, lead actors Farmiga and Wilson visited Lorraine Warren at the New England Paranormal Research Center in Connecticut in preparation for their roles.[12] On July 28, 2015, Wan officially began pre-production for the film.[13] In August 2015, the film was granted $5.6 million in tax credits from the California Film Commission for bringing the production to the state.[14]

text: On September 13, 2015, Don Burgess was confirmed as the film's director of photography.[15] In September 2015, Frances O'Connor, Simon McBurney, newcomer Lauren Esposito, and Madison Wolfe joined the cast.[16][17][18][19] Franka Potente, Simon Delaney, Maria Doyle Kennedy, and newcomers Patrick McAuley and Benjamin Haigh were also reported to have been cast in late September 2015.[20] In November 2015, it was announced that Abhi Sinha had joined the cast of the film.[21] On December 1, 2015, it was confirmed that Sterling Jerins would reprise her role as the Warrens' daughter Judy.[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for The Conjuring 2 began on September 21, 2015, in Los Angeles, California.[23] Due to an inexplicable series of events during production of the first film, a priest from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe was brought in to bless the set of the sequel by the film's producers.[24][25] Production moved to London on November 18, 2015, with filming taking place in and around The Warrington, a pub in the residential district of Maida Vale. On November 22, filming took place at Marylebone station.[26] Filming concluded on December 1, 2015.[27][28] Production lasted for 50 days, with 40 days filming on sound stages at Warner Bros. Studios, Burbank,[29] and 10 days on location in London.[30]

text: Music[edit]

text: The original musical score for The Conjuring 2 was written by Joseph Bishara and was released on June 3, 2016, by WaterTower Music.[31][32] Bishara, a recurring collaborator of director James Wan, composed the score after having previously written the music for The Conjuring and the Insidious film series.[33] Lead actor Patrick Wilson performs Elvis Presley's "Can't Help Falling in Love" on a guitar in the film, while songs such as The Clash's "London Calling", Bee Gees's "I Started A Joke" and the traditional nursery rhymes "This Old Man" and "There Was a Crooked Man" are also featured. Composer Mark Isham's family themes from the first film, "Photograph" and "Happy Family", were also used in The Conjuring 2.[34]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In December 2015, Entertainment Weekly released the first image from the film, introducing the character portrayed by Madison Wolfe.[35] On January 6, 2016, James Wan posted a teaser clip to his social media accounts revealing that the first official trailer would debut the following day.[36] Also on January 6, Yahoo! Movies exclusively released two stills from the film, featuring Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson.[25] On March 26, 2016, Wan premiered the full-length trailer at WonderCon.[37] In the weeks leading up to the film's premiere, TV spots began airing.[38] This was followed by a featurette titled Strange Happenings in Enfield, in which the Hodgson sisters and Lorraine Warren discuss their experiences with the case.[39] Two weeks prior to The Conjuring 2's premiere, fans were given the opportunity to take a 360-degree virtual reality tour of the film's Enfield house setting.[40] Following that, another featurette was released, titled Audio Recordings, which featured a recording of the demon that inspired the film.[41]

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The Conjuring 2 was originally scheduled to be released on October 23, 2015,[42] but in October 2014, Warner Bros. pulled the film from the schedule and set the film for an unspecified 2016 release date.[43] In November 2014, the release date was pushed back from its original release date of October 23, 2015, to June 10, 2016.[44] The Conjuring 2 had its red carpet world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre on June 7, 2016, as part of the Los Angeles Film Festival's program, three days prior to its wide release.[45]

text: On June 17, 2016, a 65-year-old man died of a heart attack while watching the film at a cinema in Tiruvannamalai, India.[46]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Conjuring 2 was released as a digital download on August 30, 2016, and on DVD and Blu-ray on September 13, 2016.[47] Bonus features include behind the scenes footage, featurettes, and deleted scenes.[48]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Conjuring 2 became a huge financial success like its predecessor, grossing $102.5 million in the United States and Canada and $217.9 million in other territories for a worldwide total gross of $320.4 million.[3] Although it earned less in North America than the first film, it fared better internationally and overall, making 0.5% more than the first film.[49][50] The film was the highest grossing horror film of the year and the second highest-grossing horror film overall of all time, behind only 1973's The Exorcist ($441.3 million).[51][52][53] It was partly credited for the success of fellow Warner Bros. horror film Lights Out, which was released a month later.[54][55] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $98.3 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 14th most profitable release of 2016.[56]

text: In North America, the film opened on June 10, 2016, alongside Warcraft and Now You See Me 2, and was projected to gross $35–40 million from 3,343 theaters in its opening weekend.[2][57] The film grossed $3.4 million from its Thursday night previews, besting the $3.3 million made by its predecessor, and $16.4 million in its first day.[58][59] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $40.4 million from 3,434 theaters (almost matching its predecessor's $41.9 million opening),[60] making it the biggest opening for a horror film since the original film in 2013, the biggest ever for the month of June (breaking The Purge's record),[61] and the fifth biggest for a horror film of all time, behind the first film, the second and third installments in the Paranormal Activity franchise ($40.6 million and $52.5 million respectively), and Friday the 13th ($40.6 million).[51] Following a first-place finish in its first weekend of release, the film faced a steep decline of 63.2% in its second weekend (earning $14.8 million from 3,356 theaters); this was a much larger drop than The Conjuring (46.9%) and Annabelle (57.3%). As a result, it slipped to third place behind newcomers Finding Dory and Central Intelligence, another film from New Line Cinema.[62] It began to lose a considerable number of theaters by its third weekend as a result of numerous newly released films. Forbes magazine noted that The Conjuring 2 was falling faster than the previous film, but had already made more than Insidious: Chapter 2, Annabelle, and both The Purge and The Purge: Anarchy had done at that point in their releases.[63] Unlike its predecessor, The Conjuring 2 proved to be more front-loaded, earning 2.5 times its opening weekend, compared to the original film earning 3.22 times its debut numbers.[64]

text: Outside North America, the film has been released across 60 countries.[65] It became a big hit in Latin America and performed exceptionally well in other Catholic countries due to its spiritual themes, while it also did well in the U.K., where the film is set.[53] It was released across 44 countries the same weekend as its United States release, and grossed $51.5 million in its opening weekend from 10,400 screens, debuting in second place behind Warcraft.[66][67] It added another $43.1 million in its second weekend from a total of 57 countries as well as passing the $100 million threshold. However, it still remained in second place at the international box office, behind then-newcomer Finding Dory.[68]

text: It recorded the biggest opening day of all time for a horror film in 24 markets, including Mexico ($1.6 million), Brazil ($735,000), Australia ($401,000), and all of Latin America.[69] Moreover, in terms of opening weekend, the film scored the biggest opening for a horror film in 26 markets, including Mexico ($9 million), Brazil ($4.1 million), and Australia ($3 million).[67] In Argentina, the film scored the second biggest opening for Warner Bros. with $2.85 million, behind only Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[70] In South Korea, the film opened to $4 million,[67] France to $3.7 million,[65] Spain to $1.85 million, Russia to $1.75 million,[68] and Italy to $1.1 million.[71] The film faced stiff competition against Central Intelligence in Germany, making $2.1 million in its opening weekend, placing in second behind the aforementioned film.[68] In the United Kingdom, the film earned an opening weekend of £4.6 million ($6.8 million) from 504 theaters, over twice its predecessor's opening ($3.3 million).[72] In terms of total earnings, its biggest markets outside of North America were in Mexico ($20.3 million), the United Kingdom ($15.3 million), South Korea ($11.5 million) and India ($11.5 million).[71][73][55] It has become the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film in Chile with a total gross of $5.4 million.[73]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 79% based on 226 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Conjuring 2 can't help but lose a bit of its predecessor's chilly sting through familiarity, but what remains is still a superior ghost story told with spine-tingling skill."[74] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[4] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale, the same grade earned by its predecessor.[75]

text: In her review for The Hollywood Reporter, Sheri Linden praised the film, saying, "Three years after The Conjuring rattled the multiplex with old-school horror, director James Wan ups the ante with an excellent sequel."[76] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a mixed review, writing, "On one level, The Conjuring 2 is just a not-bad megaplex funhouse movie, no more and no less, but on another level it offers its potential fans a helping of reassurance to go along with the fear. If there are ghost demons out there, then God must be out there as well. Audiences, it was long ago proven, will pay to see both."[77] TheWrap's Alonso Duralde gave the film a positive review, stating, "Frightening rarely strikes twice in the same place, despite the efforts of so many horror sequels, but even if The Conjuring 2 doesn't deliver the delightful jolts of its predecessor, it maintains a consistent chill throughout, with a slow and steady dread that creeps up on you over time."[78]

text: In a mixed review, Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B-, writing, "There are some solid scares (Wan is too gifted in the dark art of gotcha manipulation to not make you leap a few times), but there's nothing on par with the first film's brilliant hide-and-clap scene with Lili Taylor."[79] Jacob Wilkins of The Cavalier Daily lauded the film, calling Wan a "master of horror" and remarked that the film was "fresh, original and unsettling".[80] Pete Hammond of Deadline.com wrote that he was "pleasantly surprised" by the sequel and what Wan has accomplished with the film, stating, "Wan knows the tricks of this trade (heightened sound effects, moving furniture, dark corners) but somehow miraculously he really puts a fresh spin on it all here. It's riveting stuff, even if in a familiar cinematic environment." He added, "It is one hell of a movie."[81]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of Ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Empire Awards
March 19, 2017
Best Horror
The Conjuring 2
Nominated
[82]

Golden Tomato Awards
January 12, 2017
Best Horror Movie of 2016
5th Place
[83]

Golden Trailer Awards
May 4, 2016
Best Horror
New Line Cinema
Nominated
[84][85]

Best Horror TV Spot
Won

People's Choice Awards
January 18, 2017
Favorite Thriller Movie
The Conjuring 2
Nominated
[86]

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Horror Film
Nominated
[87]

text: Future[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Wan has stated on further potential sequels, "There could be many more [Conjuring] movies because the Warrens have so many stories". Screenwriters Chad and Carey Hayes have also expressed interest in working on a story for another sequel.[88] However, Wan stated that he may be unable to direct the film due to his commitments to other projects.[89] He stated to Collider.com, "Assuming we are lucky enough to have a third chapter, there are other filmmakers that I would love to sort of continue on the Conjuring world, if we are lucky enough".[90] Wan has also stated that, if a third film was to be made, it would ideally take place in the 1980s.[91] Wan later stated that the sequel could include lycanthropy, "Maybe we can go and do it like a classic American Werewolf in London style. That would be awesome! The Warrens set against the backdrop of The Hound of Baskerville".[92] In May 2017, Safran said it would be unlikely that a third installment would be a "haunted house" film.[93] In June 2017, it was announced a third installment was in development, with The Conjuring 2 co-writer David Leslie Johnson hired to write the screenplay.[94] In August 2017, Wan told Entertainment Weekly that the filmmakers have "been working hard on The Conjuring 3", and that "we're in the midst of working on the script, and still hashing [it] out. We want to make sure that the script is in a really good place. With how much people have loved the first two [Conjuring films], I don't want to rush in to the third one if possible".[95]

text: Spin-off films[edit]

text: The Nun[edit]

text: On June 15, 2016, it was reported that a spin-off film titled The Nun, focusing on the "Demon Nun" character Valak, was in development with Johnson writing the script. Safran and Wan are producing.[96] Corin Hardy was hired to direct the film, with a screenplay by Wan and Gary Dauberman.[97] It is scheduled to be released on July 13, 2018,[98] with Demián Bichir and Taissa Farmiga cast in the lead roles.[99][100] Bonnie Aarons will reprise her role in the film,[101] and Charlotte Hope, Jonas Bloquet, and Ingrid Bisu are set to co-star.[102][103][104] Filming began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania.[105]

text: The Crooked Man[edit]

text: On May 31, 2017, Peter Safran said there was a possibility of a Crooked Man film.[106] On June 14, 2017, it was reported that a spin-off film titled The Crooked Man, featuring the character of the same name from The Conjuring 2, was in development with Mike Van Waes writing the screenplay from a story by James Wan, with Safran and Wan set to produce the project.[107]