document_title: List of multiple-system operators

question_text: who is the largest cable company in the us

text: List of multiple-system operators

text: Top multichannel video service providers in the United States by number of subscribers[edit]

text: Contains estimates from SNL Kagan.[1]

text:
Rank
MSO name
Brand
Total subscribers
Technology

1

AT&T
U-verse and DirecTV
25,172,000[2]
Fiber/IPTV/Satellite

2

Comcast
Xfinity
22,121,000[3]
Cable

3

Charter Communications
Spectrum
16,646,000[2]
Cable

4

Dish Network
Dish
5,332,000[2]
Satellite

5

Verizon
FiOS
4,666,000[2]
Fiber

6

Cox Communications
Contour
4,132,000[2]
Cable/Fiber/IPTV

7

Altice USA
Altice (formerly Optimum, Suddenlink and Lightpath)[2]
3,463,000[2]
Cable

8

Frontier Communications
Frontier FiOS and Vantage TV
961,000[4]
Fiber/IPTV

9

Mediacom
Xtream[5]
829,000[6]
Cable

10

WOW!
WOW! TV and WOW! Ultra[7]
518,500[8]
Cable

11

TPG
(Including RCN, Grande and Wave Broadband)[9]
529,975 [10]
Cable

12

Atlantic Broadband
(includes Metrocast)
410,921[11]
Cable

13

Windstream
Kinetic
359,000[12]
IPTV

14

Cable One

329,386 [13]
Cable

15

CenturyLink
Prism TV
325,000[14]
Fiber/IPTV

16

Midco

300,000+[15]

Cable

17

Armstrong Cable Services

234,573
Cable

18

Service Electric Cable TV Incorporated

213,058
Cable

19

Blue Ridge Communications

164,796
Cable

20

TDS Telecom
TDS TV
145,400[16]
Cable/IPTV

21

General Communications

140,000
Cable

22

Cincinnati Bell

137,600[17]
Fiber

23

Buckeye Broadband

130,954
Cable

24

Consolidated Communications
Digital Video Services (DVS)
117,882[18]
IPTV

25

Google Fiber

68,715[19]
Fiber

26

Hawaiian Telcom

32,000[20]
IPTV

text: Top multichannel video service providers outside of US, by number of subscribers[edit]

text:
Country

MSO name

# of subscribers

 India

Digicable

 india

DEN Network

25,000,000[citation needed]

 India

InCablenet

22,500,000

 India

Hathway Cable

22,500,000

 Europe

Sky

21,000,000

 China

Shandong Cable Network

18,000,000[21]

 China

Guangdong Cable Network

13,000,000 (2016 figure)[22]

 India

Siti Cable

10,525,000

 Mainland Europe (7 countries)

UPC Broadband[23]

9,100,000

 China

Beijing Gehua

~5,840,000 [24]

 Germany

Vodafone Deutschland[25]

8,900,000

 China

Shanghai Oriental Cable Net

6,700,000 [26]

 Brazil

Net Serviços de Comunicação

5,381,000

 United Kingdom &  Ireland

Virgin Media

4,772,800

 France

Altice France[27]

3,500,000

 South Korea

CJ Hellovision[28]

3,300,000

 Japan

J:Com

3,300,000[citation needed]

 South Korea

T-Broad[29]

3,200,000

 Netherlands

Ziggo[30]

3,017,000

 South Korea

C&M

2,700,000[citation needed]

 India

Asianet digital

2,500,000[citation needed]

 Belgium

Telenet

2,300,000

 Germany

Kabel BW

2,300,000[citation needed]

 Canada

Rogers Cable

2,295,000

 Canada

Shaw Communications

2,241,503

 Spain

Vodafone Spain[31]

1,823,536

 Sweden

Com Hem

1,760,000

 Switzerland

Cablecom[32]

1,670,000

 Canada

Videotron

1,652,200

 India

kerala vision

1,500,000[citation needed]

 Portugal

NOS[33]

1,467,000

 United Kingdom

BT

1,400,000

 Portugal

MEO[33]

1,387,000

 Denmark

YouSee A/S

1,200,000

 Taiwan

Kbro

1,150,000[citation needed]

 Taiwan

CNS

1,100,000[citation needed]

 Canada

Shaw Direct

886,106

 Canada

Cogeco

859,090

 Australia

Austar

742,000

 Poland

Vectra S.A.

740,000[citation needed]

 Taiwan

TBC

700,000

 Taiwan

TFN media

550,000[citation needed]

 Canada

Eastlink

457,075

 Spain

Euskaltel

400,000


document_title: Death Race (franchise)

question_text: what is the order of the death race movies

root

text: Death Race (franchise)

text: Films[edit]

text:
Role
Films

Death Race 2000
(1975)
Death Race
(2008)
Death Race 2
(2010)
Death Race 3: Inferno
(2013)
Death Race 2050
(2017)
Death Race: Beyond Anarchy (2018)

Director
Paul Bartel
Paul W. S. Anderson
Roel Reiné
G. J. Echternkamp
Don Michael Paul

Producer(s)
Roger Corman
Jim Weatherill
Paul W. S. Anderson
Jeremy Bolt
Roger Corman
Paula Wagner
Paul W. S. Anderson
Jeremy Bolt
Mike Elliott
Roger Corman
Paul W.S. Anderson
Jeremy Bolt
Mike Elliott
Greg Holstein

Screenwriter(s)
Robert Thom
Charles Griffith
Paul W. S. Anderson
Screenplay by:
Tony Giglio
Story by:
Paul W. S. Anderson
Tony Giglio
G. J. Echternkamp
Matt Yamashita
Screenplay by:
Tony Giglio
Don Michael Paul
Story by:
Paul W. S. Anderson
Tony Giglio

Composer
Paul Chihara
Paul Haslinger
Trevor Morris
Gunter Brown
Cindy Brown

Director(s) of
photography
Tak Fujimoto
Scott Kevan
John McKay
Wayne Shields
Juan Durán

Editor(s)
Tina Hirsch
Niven Howie
Radu Ion
Herman P. Koerts
Michael Trent
Radu Ion
G. J. Echternkamp
Steve Ansell

Production companies
N/A
Relativity Media
Cruise/Wagner Productions
Impact Pictures
N/A
Universal 1440 Entertainment
New Horizons Pictures

Distributor
New World Pictures
Universal Pictures
Universal Studios Home Entertainment
Universal Pictures

Runtime
80 minutes
110 minutes
100 minutes
105 minutes
93 minutes

Release date
April 27, 1975
August 22, 2008
December 27, 2010
January 22, 2013
January 17, 2017

tag: table

text: Death Race 2000[edit]

text: Death Race 2000 is a 1975 cult action film. In the near future the ultimate sporting event is the deathrace. Contestants get score points for running people down as they speed across the country. The sport has crazed fans who sacrifice themselves to the drivers. An overt agency is trying to bring an end to the immoral deathrace and has infiltrated one of their followers in to the race as a navigator. In the end of the race the lives of the competitors, the President and the deathrace itself are in peril.

tag: p

text: Death Race[edit]

text: Death Race is a 2008 remake (although director Paul W.S. Anderson stated in the DVD commentary that he thought of the film as a prequel) of Death Race 2000. In the year 2012, the economy of the US collapses, causing unemployment and crime rates to skyrocket, and a sharp increase of convicted criminals, which leads to privatized prisons for profit. In 2013, Claire Hennessey (Joan Allen), the warden of Terminal Island Penitentiary, earns profits from the pay-per-view broadcast of a modern gladiator game called "Death Race", with the prisoners as the players. The racers, along with their navigators, drive a 3-part race over 3 days on a closed track at Terminal Island, with various pressure plates: swords activate the racers' offensive weapons, shields activate defensive weapons such as oil, smoke, and napalm, and skulls ("Death Heads") activate deadly metal traps which rise up from the track. The reward for the drivers is that if one racer wins 5 races, they will be granted their freedom by Warden Hennessey.

text: Death Race 2[edit]

text: Death Race 2 is a prequel to the 2008 film, Death Race. Getaway driver Carl "Luke" Lucas (Luke Goss) is arrested after a robbery for his crime boss Markus Kane (Sean Bean) goes wrong. As his accomplices are robbing the bank, two police officers casually enter the building. Luke tells his accomplices to abort, but they refuse; Luke intervenes, resulting in the death of one of the three accomplices. Luke shoots and kills one of the officers and dumps off his accomplices in order to fulfill Markus's wishes. In doing so, Luke is eventually captured by the police following a high-speed chase and sentenced to serve time on Terminal Island. Markus, worried that Luke will trade info on his crimes for immunity, discovers his location and orders his men to take Luke out.

text: Death Race 3: Inferno[edit]

text: Death Race owner Weyland (Ving Rhames) has been forced to sell the rights to Niles York (Dougray Scott), a British billionaire who acquired the rights by hostile takeover. York reveals he intends to relocate Death Race to the deserts of Africa. Before leaving, Weyland arranges Lucas to have surgery to heal the infected and deadly scars on his face sustained from the previous film Death Race 2. With Carl Lucas, aka Frankenstein (Luke Goss), one win away from gaining his freedom, York coaches Lucas to lose his races and threatens his life if he fails to comply.

text: Death Race 2050[edit]

text: Corman has announced a sequel to his original 1975 film, Death Race 2000; shooting started in Peru in February 2016. It will star Malcolm McDowell, Manu Bennett, Burt Grinstead, Marci Miller, Folake Olowofoyeku, Anessa Ramsey, Yancy Butler, and Charlie Farrell. G. J. Echternkamp will direct.[1]

text: Death Race: Beyond Anarchy[edit]

text: Set for release on January 30, 2018, Death Race: Beyond Anarchy is being directed by Don Michael Paul and features the return of Danny Trejo and Frederick Koehler. It also stars Zach McGowan, Christine Marzano, Danny Glover, and Lorina Kamburova.[2][3]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Character
Original Series
Remake Series

Death Race 2000
(1975)
Death Race 2050
(2017)
Death Race
(2008)
Death Race 2
(2010)
Death Race 3:
Inferno
(2013)
Death Race: Beyond Anarchy
(2018)

"Frankenstein"
David Carradine
Manu Bennett
Jason Statham & David Carradine voice-over
Luke Goss
Luke Goss & Dougray Scott
TBD

Annie Smith
Simone Griffeth
Marci Miller

"Machine-Gun" Joe Viterbo
Sylvester Stallone

"Mr. President"
Sandy McCallum
Malcolm McDowell

Myra
Louisa Moritz

Jed Perfectus

Burt Grinstead

Minerva Jefferson

Folake Olowofoyeku

Tammy

Anessa Ramsey

Alexis Hamilton

Yancy Butler

JB

Charlie Farrell

Grace Tickle

Shanna Olson[4]

Lists

Frederick Koehler

14K

Robin Shou

Jensen Ames

Jason Statham

Claire Hennessey

Joan Allen
 Joan Allen - Photograph
 Joan Allen - Archive footage

Joseph Mason (a.k.a. Machine Gun Joe)

Tyrese Gibson

Coach

Ian McShane

Case

Natalie Martinez

Gunner

Jacob Vargas

Ulrich

Jason Clarke

Pachenko

Max Ryan

Hector Grimm

Robert LaSardo

Travis Colt

Justin Mader

Carl "Luke" Lucas

Luke Goss

Katrina Banks

Tanit Phoenix

Goldberg

Danny Trejo

R.H. Weyland

Ving Rhames

Markus Kane

Sean Bean

September Jones

Lauren Cohan

Big Bill

Deobia Oparei

Medford Parks

Patrick Lyster

Rocco

Joe Vaz

Xander Grady

Henie Bosman

Calin

Warrick Grier

Hill Billy

Sean Higgs

Apache

Chase Armitage

The Sheik

Michael Solomon

Scarface

Trayan Milenov-Troy

Niles York

Dougray Scott

Satana

Hlubi Mboya

Razor

Bart Fouche

Psycho

Jeremy Crutchley

Nero

Eugene Khumbanyiwa

Olga Braun

Michelle van Schaik

Joker

Mark Elderkin

Pretty Boy

Brandon Livanos

Jackal

Anton David Jeftha

text: Unrelated[edit]

text: Deathsport is a 1978 science fiction B-movie produced by Roger Corman, directed by Allan Arkush and Nicholas Niciphor.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Comic book series[edit]

text: A sequel comic book entitled Death Race 2020 was published in 1995 by Roger Corman's short-lived Cosmic Comics imprint. It was written by Pat Mills of 2000 AD fame, with art by Kevin O'Neill. The pair had already worked together on several comics including Marshal Law. The comic book, as the title indicates, took place 20 years after the film and dealt with Frankenstein's return to the race. New racer characters introduced included Von Dutch, The Alcoholic, Happy the Clown, Steppenwolf, Rick Rhesus, and Harry Carrie.

text: The comic book series lasted eight issues.

text: Video games[edit]

text:
The 1976 video game Death Race was inspired by the film Death Race 2000.
The 1982 video game Maze Death Race for Sinclair ZX81 computers (and 1983 for Sinclair ZX Spectrum computers) resembles the film by its cover artwork and title, and car-driving content.[5]
The Carmageddon video game series (Carmageddon, Carmageddon 2: Carpocalypse Now and Carmageddon 3: TDR 2000) all borrow heavily from the plot, characters and car designs from the film Death Race 2000.

tag: ul

text: TV[edit]

text: The 2017 TV show Blood Drive also draws from the Death Race series. Instead of killing people to earn points, people are sacrificed to the cars engines, which have been modified to run off human blood rather than traditional fuel [6]


document_title: The Ridiculous 6

question_text: who played mark twain in the ridiculous six

text: The Ridiculous 6

text: Plot[edit]

text: This film's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the Old West era, a calm man named Tommy Stockburn (Sandler) is raised by Native Americans, where he is named "White Knife", due to his expertise with knives. He is due to marry a Native girl named Smoking Fox (Julia Jones). He has a run-in with a gang of bandits with eye patches on their right eyes, led by Will Patch (Forte), and manages to outsmart them and a deranged, Native American-racist food proprietor named Clem (Zahn), whose left eye is badly dysfunctional. At his Native village a bank robber named Frank Stockburn (Nolte) comes by, claiming to be Tommy's biological father. Tommy explains to Frank that his mother was shot by a silhouetted man with tattoos on his hand when she was escorting him to school during his childhood, something that has haunted his dreams since. Frank also tells Tommy that he is dying of consumption, but that he has amassed $50,000 and buried it in a meadow next to a pine tree, which he offers to Tommy and the Natives. The next day, a group of bandits with connections to Frank come to the village, led by the ruthless Cicero (Trejo) who want Frank to give them his "big score" he gained a while back. Frank has the bandits kidnap him so he can lead them to the $50,000 at the so-called "Singing Windmill", in return for the bandits not attacking Tommy or the Indians. With no time to search the meadow and find the money, Tommy decides he must find another way to obtain it and save his father.

text: Tommy sets out on his quest to regain his father and decides that the best way to gain enough money is by stealing it. However, because his tribe does not condone theft and claims it is dishonorable, Tommy instead opts to steal from those who have no honor, leading him to target corrupt politicians, racist bankers, and thugs alike. During his quest, Tommy discovers that he has 5 half-brothers; Mexican burro rider Ramon (Schneider), whose innkeeper mother Frank had a fling with; mentally challenged yet happy-go-lucky Lil' Pete (Lautner), who has a strong neck that makes him immune to hanging; feral mountain-man Herm (Garcia), who speaks incomprehensibly; guilt-ridden drunkard Danny (Wilson), who served as a bodyguard for Abraham Lincoln until accidentally leading John Wilkes Booth to murder him; and African-American saloon pianist Chico (Crews), who confesses to be only 50 percent white; all of which join Tommy. Meanwhile, Clem joins the eye patch gang in hopes of finding Tommy to take revenge on him after Clem removes his only functional eye (since the other eye patch wearers claim that removing the right eye is part of the gang's way) before they kidnap Tommy's fiancee, though she manages to escape them due to Clem's poor eyesight and heads out to find Frank. When meeting Chico and Danny, they run with Chico's boss: the aggressive, always smiling saloon owner Smiley Harris (Keitel), who was part of Frank's gang until Frank stole his cut of their biggest score and left him to die at the windmill. He owns a large golden nugget the brothers steal after Ramon, while riding his burro, accidentally decapitates Smiley with a shovel from behind just as he is about to shoot the brothers as revenge against Frank for his betrayal, though Ramon was only trying to knock him out.

text: While relaxing in a pond, Clem and the eye patch gang show up and while the brothers manage to overpower them, the gang manage to steal the money the brothers stole. Hope isn't lost for the brothers, as Herm (through Tommy's translation) tells them that a gambler named Ezekiel Grant (Lovitz) is hosting a gambling game with Mark Twain (Vanilla Ice) and General George Armstrong Custer (Spade) in Yuma. After successfully robbing the poker game, they head out to ransom their father. As dusk falls, Tommy realizes (through a photograph carried by Danny) that it was Cicero who murdered his mother. Not wanting to put his brothers in harm's way, Tommy sets out alone in the cover of night to rescue his father and confront his mother's killer. After paying the ransom, Cicero decides to part ways but Tommy insists on getting his revenge. Having successfully killed Cicero, the half-brothers (who followed Tommy) have a reunion with their long lost father. Realizing that Tommy's group now have $100,000 after rescuing the Left-Eye Gang and getting their original $50,000, Frank double crosses them, revealing that he was in cahoots with Cicero for an easy $50,000. Tommy then reveals that their group also has a Plan B: a hidden bomb inside the bag containing the ransom money. When the bomb explodes and commotion ensues, Frank runs off with Smoking Fox (whom his group has been holding hostage) inside a mine. Tommy runs after them and successfully rescues his bride-to-be and captures his father. Also, in the process of the fighting, the Left-Eye Gang accidentally reveal that they lied about removing their right eyes, much to Clem's outrage.

text: Back in the Native Village, Tommy weds Smoking Fox with his brothers in attendance. Since the revelation that their biological father Frank Stockburn was no more than a two-bit crook, the Native chief decides to adopt the half-brothers as he did with Tommy.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Adam Sandler as Tom "White Knife" Stockburn[2]

text: Henry Steckman as young Tommy Stockburn

text:
Terry Crews as Chico Stockburn[2]
Jorge Garcia as Herm Stockburn[3]
Taylor Lautner as Lil' Pete Stockburn[2]
Rob Schneider as Ramon Stockburn[2]
Luke Wilson as Danny Stockburn[2]
Nick Nolte as Frank Stockburn[2]
Will Forte as Will Patch[2]
Nick Swardson[2] as Nelly Patch
Steve Zahn as Clem, former general store owner[2]
Julia Jones as Smoking Fox
Lavell Crawford as Gus Patch[2]
Jared Sandler as Babyface Patch
Paul Sado as Stumbles Patch
Danny Trejo as Cicero[2]
Harvey Keitel as Smiley Harris, owner of "The Golden Nugget"[4]
Steve Buscemi as Doc Griffin[2]
David Spade as General Custer[2]
Whitney Cummings as Susannah[2]
Jon Lovitz as Ezekiel Grant[2]
Saginaw Grant as Screaming Eagle
Norm Macdonald as Nugget Customer
Chris Parnell as William the Bank Manager[2]
Blake Shelton as Wyatt Earp[2]
John Turturro as Abner Doubleday[5]
Vanilla Ice as Mark Twain[2]
Dan Patrick as Abraham Lincoln
Chris Kattan as John Wilkes Booth
Lenda Murray[6] as Chico's mother
Jackie Sandler as Never Wears Bra

text: Production[edit]

text: Prior to Netflix picking up the film, it had been in the works and dropped by three studios, Columbia Pictures, Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros..[2][7] The latter dropped out soon after Adam Sandler and Happy Madison Productions signed a four-picture deal with Netflix, although an insider noted to The Hollywood Reporter that the deal had nothing to do with their decision.[7]

text: By January 2015, Netflix picked up the film with others joining the cast including Taylor Lautner, Nick Nolte, Blake Shelton, Steve Buscemi, Rob Schneider, Will Forte, Vanilla Ice, and Luke Wilson.[2] On February 16, 2015, Jorge Garcia joined the cast.[2] Principal photography began on February 20, 2015, and ended on May 2, 2015.[3][8]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On April 23, 2015, Indian Country Today Media Network reported that approximately "a dozen Native actors and actresses, as well as the Native cultural advisor, left the set of Adam Sandler’s newest film production, The Ridiculous Six" in protest of its portrayal of the Apache culture.[9] The New York Daily News later reported that there were only four who left, out of over 100 Native American actors on the set.[10] Navajo Nation tribal members Loren Anthony and film student Allison Young said they left because they felt the film portrayed Native Americans in a negative light and took satire too far. They also complained that the portrayal of women was degrading.[11][12] A representative of Netflix responded saying, "The movie has ridiculous in the title for a reason: because it is ridiculous. It is a broad satire of Western movies and the stereotypes they popularized, featuring a diverse cast that is not only part of—but in on—the joke."[13]

text: On May 4, the New York Daily News reported that Ricky Lee, one of the Native American actors on the Ridiculous Six set, said previous news reports were exaggerated and indeed there were only "four actors who left, but there were 150 extras, including grandmas and grandpas and children, who kept working." Apparently, before the film's wrap party, he and several other actors were approached by Sandler to speak about the controversy. According to the actor, those who left raised legitimate issues but it was "the wrong battlefield."[10]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered on Netflix on December 11, 2015.[14] On January 6, 2016, Netflix announced that the film had been viewed more times in 30 days than any other movie in Netflix history. It also made it to the #1 spot in every territory in which Netflix operates.[15]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film currently holds a rare 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 2.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Every bit as lazily offensive as its cast and concept would suggest, The Ridiculous Six is standard couch fare for Adam Sandler fanatics and must-avoid viewing for film enthusiasts of every other persuasion."[16] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 18 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".[17]


document_title: Analytic philosophy

question_text: who founded the philosophical school known as analytic philosophy

text: Analytic philosophy

text: History[edit]

text: British idealism, as taught by philosophers such as F. H. Bradley (1846–1924) and Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882), dominated English philosophy in the late 19th century. With reference to this intellectual basis the initiators of analytic philosophy, G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, articulated early analytic philosophy.

text: Since its beginning, a basic goal of analytic philosophy has been conceptual clarity,[15] in the name of which Moore and Russell rejected Hegelianism for being obscure — see for example Moore's "A Defence of Common Sense" and Russell's critique of the doctrine of internal relations.[16] Inspired by developments in modern logic, the early Russell claimed that the problems of philosophy can be solved by showing the simple constituents of complex notions.[15] An important aspect of British idealism was logical holism — the opinion that there are aspects of the world that can be known only by knowing the whole world. This is closely related to the opinion that relations between items are internal relations, that is, properties of the nature of those items. Russell, along with Wittgenstein, in response promulgated logical atomism and the doctrine of external relations — the belief that the world consists of independent facts.[17]

text: Russell, during his early career, along with his collaborator Alfred North Whitehead, was much influenced by Gottlob Frege (1848–1925), who developed predicate logic, which allowed a much greater range of sentences to be parsed into logical form than was possible using the ancient Aristotelian logic. Frege was also influential as a philosopher of mathematics in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. In contrast to Edmund Husserl's 1891 book Philosophie der Arithmetik, which argued that the concept of the cardinal number derived from psychical acts of grouping objects and counting them,[18] Frege argued that mathematics and logic have their own validity, independent of the judgments or mental states of individual mathematicians and logicians (which were the basis of arithmetic according to the "psychologism" of Husserl's Philosophie). Frege further developed his philosophy of logic and mathematics in The Foundations of Arithmetic (1884) and The Basic Laws of Arithmetic (German: Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, 1893–1903), where he provided an alternative to psychologistic accounts of the concept of number.

text: Like Frege, Russell argued that mathematics is reducible to logical fundamentals in The Principles of Mathematics (1903). Later, his book written with Whitehead, Principia Mathematica (1910–1913), encouraged many philosophers to renew their interest in the development of symbolic logic. Additionally, Russell adopted Frege's predicate logic as his primary philosophical method, a method Russell thought could expose the underlying structure of philosophical problems. For example, the English word "is" has three distinct meanings which predicate logic can express as follows:

text:
For the sentence 'the cat is asleep', the is of predication means that "x is P" (denoted as P(x)).
For the sentence 'there is a cat', the is of existence means that "there is an x" (∃x).
For the sentence 'three is half of six', the is of identity means that "x is the same as y" (x=y).

text: Russell sought to resolve various philosophical problems by applying such logical distinctions, most famously in his analysis of definite descriptions in "On Denoting" (1905).[19]

text: Ideal language analysis[edit]

text: From about 1910 to 1930, analytic philosophers like Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein emphasized creating an ideal language for philosophical analysis, which would be free from the ambiguities of ordinary language that, in their opinion, often made philosophy invalid. This philosophical trend can be termed "ideal-language analysis" or "formalism". During this phase, Russell and Wittgenstein sought to understand language (and hence philosophical problems) by using formal logic to formalize the way in which philosophical statements are made. Wittgenstein developed a comprehensive system of logical atomism in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (German: Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung, 1921). He thereby argued that the universe is the totality of actual states of affairs and that these states of affairs can be expressed by the language of first-order predicate logic. Thus a picture of the universe can be construed by means of expressing atomic facts in the form of atomic propositions, and linking them using logical operators.

text: Logical positivism[edit]

text: During the late 1920s, to 1940s, a group of philosophers of the Vienna Circle and the Berlin Circle developed Russell and Wittgenstein's formalism into a doctrine known as "logical positivism" (or logical empiricism). Logical positivism used formal logical methods to develop an empiricist account of knowledge.[20] Philosophers such as Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach, along with other members of the Vienna Circle, claimed that the truths of logic and mathematics were tautologies, and those of science were verifiable empirical claims. These two constituted the entire universe of meaningful judgments; anything else was nonsense. The claims of ethics, aesthetics and theology were consequently reduced to pseudo-statements, neither empirically true nor false, and therefore meaningless. In reaction to what he considered excesses of logical positivism, Karl Popper's insisted on the role of falsification in the philosophy of science—although his general method was also part of the analytic tradition.[21] With the coming to power of Adolf Hitler and Nazism in 1933, many members of the Vienna and Berlin Circles fled to Britain and America, which helped to reinforce the dominance of logical positivism and analytic philosophy in Anglophone countries.

text: Logical positivists typically considered philosophy as having a very limited function. For them, philosophy concerned the clarification of thoughts, rather than having a distinct subject matter of its own. The positivists adopted the verification principle, according to which every meaningful statement is either analytic or is capable of being verified by experience. This caused the logical positivists to reject many traditional problems of philosophy, especially those of metaphysics or ontology, as meaningless.

text: Ordinary-language analysis[edit]

text: After World War II, during the late 1940s and 1950s, analytic philosophy became involved with ordinary-language analysis. This resulted in two main trends. One continued Wittgenstein's later philosophy, which differed dramatically from his early work of the Tractatus. The other, known as "Oxford philosophy", involved J. L. Austin. In contrast to earlier analytic philosophers (including the early Wittgenstein) who thought philosophers should avoid the deceptive trappings of natural language by constructing ideal languages, ordinary-language philosophers claimed that ordinary language already represents many subtle distinctions not recognized in the formulation of traditional philosophical theories or problems. While schools such as logical positivism emphasize logical terms, supposed to be universal and separate from contingent factors (such as culture, language, historical conditions), ordinary-language philosophy emphasizes the use of language by ordinary people. The most prominent ordinary-language philosophers during the 1950s were Austin and Gilbert Ryle.

text: Ordinary-language philosophers often sought to dissolve philosophical problems by showing them to be the result of misunderstanding ordinary language. Examples include Ryle, who tried to dispose of "Descartes' myth", and Wittgenstein.

text: Contemporary analytic philosophy[edit]

text: Although contemporary philosophers who self-identify as "analytic" have widely divergent interests, assumptions, and methods—and have often rejected the fundamental premises that defined analytic philosophy before 1960—analytic philosophy today is usually considered to be defined by a particular style,[3] characterized by precision and thoroughness about a specific topic, and resistance to "imprecise or cavalier discussions of broad topics".[22]

text: During the 1950s, logical positivism was challenged influentially by Wittgenstein in the Philosophical Investigations, Quine in "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", and Sellars in Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind. After 1960, Anglophone philosophy began to incorporate a wider range of interests, opinions, and methods.[22] Still, many philosophers in Britain and America still consider themselves "analytic philosophers".[13][3] They have done so largely by expanding the notion of "analytic philosophy" from the specific programs that dominated Anglophone philosophy before 1960 to a much more general notion of an "analytic" style.[22] This interpretation of the history is far from universally accepted, and its opponents[who?] would say that it grossly downplays the role of Wittgenstein during the 1960s and 1970s.

text: Many philosophers and historians have attempted to define or describe analytic philosophy. Those definitions often include an emphasis on conceptual analysis: A.P. Martinich draws an analogy between analytic philosophy's interest in conceptual analysis and analytic chemistry, which aims to determine chemical compositions.[23] Steven D. Hales described analytic philosophy as one of three types of philosophical method practiced in the West: "[i]n roughly reverse order by number of proponents, they are phenomenology, ideological philosophy, and analytic philosophy".[24]

text: Scott Soames agrees that clarity is important: analytic philosophy, he says, has "an implicit commitment—albeit faltering and imperfect—to the ideals of clarity, rigor and argumentation" and it "aims at truth and knowledge, as opposed to moral or spiritual improvement [...] the goal in analytic philosophy is to discover what is true, not to provide a useful recipe for living one's life". Soames also states that analytic philosophy is characterised by "a more piecemeal approach. There is, I think, a widespread presumption within the tradition that it is often possible to make philosophical progress by intensively investigating a small, circumscribed range of philosophical issues while holding broader, systematic questions in abeyance".[25]

text: A few of the most important and active topics and subtopics of analytic philosophy are summarized by the following sections.

text: Philosophy of mind and cognitive science[edit]

text: Motivated by the logical positivists' interest in verificationism, logical behaviorism was the most prominent theory of mind of analytic philosophy for the first half of the 20th century.[26] Behaviorists tended to opine either that statements about the mind were equivalent to statements about behavior and dispositions to behave in particular ways or that mental states were directly equivalent to behavior and dispositions to behave. Behaviorism later became much less popular, in favor of type physicalism or functionalism, theories that identified mental states with brain states. During this period, topics of the philosophy of mind were often related strongly to topics of cognitive science such as modularity or innateness. Finally, analytic philosophy has featured a certain number of philosophers who were dualists, and recently forms of property dualism have had a resurgence; the most prominent representative  is David Chalmers.[27]

text: John Searle suggests that the obsession with the philosophy of language during the 20th century has been superseded by an emphasis on the philosophy of mind,[28] in which functionalism is currently the dominant theory. In recent years, a central focus of research in the philosophy of mind has been consciousness. While there is a general consensus for the global neuronal workspace model of consciousness,[29] there are many opinions as to the specifics. The best known theories are Daniel Dennett's heterophenomenology, Fred Dretske and Michael Tye's representationalism, and the higher-order theories of either David M. Rosenthal—who advocates a higher-order thought (HOT) model—- or David Armstrong and William Lycan—who advocate a higher-order perception (HOP) model. An alternative higher-order theory, the higher-order global states (HOGS) model, is offered by Robert van Gulick.[30]

text: Ethics in analytic philosophy[edit]

text: Philosophers working with the analytic tradition have gradually come to distinguish three major types of moral philosophy.

text:
Meta-ethics which investigates moral terms and concepts;
Normative ethics which examines and produces normative ethical judgments;
Applied ethics which investigates how existing normative principles should be applied to difficult or borderline cases, often cases created by new technology or new scientific knowledge.

text: Normative ethics[edit]

text: The first half of the 20th century was marked by skepticism toward, and neglect of, normative ethics. Related subjects, such as social and political philosophy, aesthetics, and philosophy of history, became only marginal topics of English-language philosophy during this period.

text: During this time, utilitarianism was the only non-skeptical type of ethics to remain popular. However, as the influence of logical positivism began to decrease mid-century, analytic philosophers had renewed interest in ethics. G. E. M. Anscombe's 1958 "Modern Moral Philosophy" sparked a revival of Aristotle's virtue ethical approach and John Rawls's 1971 A Theory of Justice restored interest in Kantian ethical philosophy. Today, contemporary normative ethics is dominated by three schools: utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and deontology.

text: Meta-ethics[edit]

text: Twentieth-century meta-ethics has two origins. The first is G. E. Moore's investigation into the nature of ethical terms (e.g., good) in his Principia Ethica (1903), which identified the naturalistic fallacy. Along with Hume's famous is/ought distinction, the naturalistic fallacy was a major topic of investigation for analytical philosophers.

text: The second is in logical positivism and its attitude that statements which are unverifiable are meaningless. Although that attitude was adopted originally to promote scientific investigation by rejecting grand metaphysical systems, it had the side effect of making (ethical and aesthetic) value judgments (as well as religious statements and beliefs) meaningless. But because value judgments are of major importance in human life, it became incumbent on logical positivism to develop an explanation of the nature and meaning of value judgements. As a result, analytic philosophers avoided normative ethics, and instead began meta-ethical investigations into the nature of moral terms, statements, and judgments.

text: The logical positivists opined that statements about value—- including all ethical and aesthetic judgments—- are non-cognitive; that is, they cannot be objectively verified or falsified. Instead, the logical positivists adopted an emotivist theory, which was that value judgments expressed the attitude of the speaker. For example, in this view, saying, "Killing is wrong", is equivalent to saying, "Boo to murder", or saying the word "murder" with a particular tone of disapproval.

text: While non-cognitivism was generally accepted by analytic philosophers, emotivism had many deficiencies, and evolved into more sophisticated non-cognitivist theories such as the expressivism of Charles Stevenson, and the universal prescriptivism of R. M. Hare, which was based on J. L. Austin's philosophy of speech acts.

text: These theories were not without their critics. Philippa Foot contributed several essays attacking all these theories. J. O. Urmson's article "On Grading" called the is/ought distinction into question.

text: As non-cognitivism, the is/ought distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy began to be called into question, analytic philosophers showed a renewed interest in the traditional questions of moral philosophy. Perhaps the most influential being Elizabeth Anscombe, whose monograph Intention was called by Donald Davidson "the most important treatment of action since Aristotle".[citation needed] A favorite student and friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein, her 1958 article "Modern Moral Philosophy" introduced the term "consequentialism" into the philosophical lexicon, declared the "is-ought" impasse to be unproductive, and resulted in a revival of virtue ethics.

text: Applied ethics[edit]

text: A significant feature of analytic philosophy since approximately 1970 has been the emergence of applied ethics—- an interest in the application of moral principles to specific practical issues.

text: Topics of special interest for applied ethics include environmental issues, animal rights, and the many challenges created by advancing medical science.[31][32][33]

text: Analytic philosophy of religion[edit]

text: In Analytic Philosophy of Religion, Harris noted that

text: analytic philosophy has been a very heterogeneous 'movement'.... some forms of analytic philosophy have proven very sympathetic to the philosophy of religion and have actually provided a philosophical mechanism for responding to other more radical and hostile forms of analytic philosophy.[34]:3

text: As with the study of ethics, early analytic philosophy tended to avoid the study of philosophy of religion, largely dismissing (as per the logical positivists) the subject as part of metaphysics and therefore meaningless.[35] The demise of logical positivism renewed interest in philosophy of religion, prompting philosophers like William Alston, John Mackie, Alvin Plantinga, Robert Merrihew Adams, Richard Swinburne, and Antony Flew not only to introduce new problems, but to re-study classical topics such as the nature of miracles, theistic arguments, the problem of evil, (see existence of God) the rationality of belief in God, concepts of the nature of God, and many more.[36]

text: Plantinga, Mackie and Flew debated the logical validity of the free will defense as a way to solve the problem of evil.[37] Alston, grappling with the consequences of analytic philosophy of language, worked on the nature of religious language. Adams worked on the relationship of faith and morality.[38] Analytic epistemology and metaphysics has formed the basis for a number of philosophically-sophisticated theistic arguments, like those of the reformed epistemologists like Plantinga.

text: Analytic philosophy of religion has also been preoccupied with Wittgenstein, as well as his interpretation of Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy of religion.[39] Using first-hand remarks (which was later published in Philosophical Investigations, Culture and Value, and other works), philosophers such as Peter Winch and Norman Malcolm developed what has come to be known as contemplative philosophy, a Wittgensteinian school of thought rooted in the "Swansea tradition," and which includes Wittgensteinians such as Rush Rhees, Peter Winch, and D. Z. Phillips, among others. The name "contemplative philosophy" was first coined by D. Z. Phillips in Philosophy's Cool Place, which rests on an interpretation of a passage from Wittgenstein's "Culture and Value."[40] This interpretation was first labeled, "Wittgensteinian Fideism," by Kai Nielsen but those who consider themselves Wittgensteinians in the Swansea tradition have relentlessly and repeatedly rejected this construal as a caricature of Wittgenstein's considered position; this is especially true of D. Z. Phillips.[41] Responding to this interpretation, Kai Nielsen and D. Z. Phillips became two of the most prominent philosophers on Wittgenstein's philosophy of religion.[42]

text: Political philosophy[edit]

text: Liberalism[edit]

text: Current analytic political philosophy owes much to John Rawls, who in a series of papers from the 1950s onward (most notably "Two Concepts of Rules" and "Justice as Fairness") and his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, produced a sophisticated defence of a generally liberal egalitarian account of distributive justice. This was followed soon by Rawls's colleague Robert Nozick's book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, a defence of free-market libertarianism. Isaiah Berlin also had a lasting influence on both analytic political philosophy and Liberalism with his lecture the Two Concepts of Liberty.

text: During recent decades there have also been several critiques of liberalism, including the feminist critiques of Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin, the communitarian critiques of Michael Sandel and Alasdair MacIntyre (although neither of them endorses the term), and the multiculturalist critiques of Amy Gutmann and Charles Taylor. Although not an analytic philosopher, Jürgen Habermas is another important—- if controversial—- author of contemporary analytic political philosophy, whose social theory is a blend of social science, Marxism, neo-Kantianism, and American pragmatism.

text: Consequentialist libertarianism also derives from the analytic tradition.

text: Analytical Marxism[edit]

text: Another development of political philosophy was the emergence of the school of Analytical Marxism. Members of this school seek to apply techniques of analytic philosophy modern social science such as rational choice theory to clarify the theories of Karl Marx and his successors. The best-known member of this school is G. A. Cohen, whose 1978 work, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, is generally considered to represent the genesis of this school. In that book, Cohen used logical and linguistic analysis to clarify and defend Marx's materialist conception of history. Other prominent Analytical Marxists include the economist John Roemer, the social scientist Jon Elster, and the sociologist Erik Olin Wright. The work of these later philosophers have furthered Cohen's work by bringing to bear modern social science methods, such as rational choice theory, to supplement Cohen's use of analytic philosophical techniques in the interpretation of Marxian theory.

text: Cohen himself would later engage directly with Rawlsian political philosophy to advance a socialist theory of justice that contrast with both traditional Marxism and the theories advanced by Rawls and Nozick. In particular, he indicates Marx's principle of from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

text: Communitarianism[edit]

text: Communitarians such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, and Michael Sandel advance a critique of Liberalism that uses analytic techniques to isolate the main assumptions of Liberal individualists, such as Rawls, and then challenges these assumptions. In particular, Communitarians challenge the Liberal assumption that the individual can be considered as fully autonomous from the community in which he lives and is brought up. Instead, they argue for a conception of the individual that emphasizes the role that the community plays in forming his or her values, thought processes and opinions.

text: Analytic metaphysics[edit]

text: One striking difference with respect to early analytic philosophy was the revival of metaphysical theorizing during the second half of the 20th century. Philosophers such as David Kellogg Lewis and David Armstrong developed elaborate theories on a range of topics such as universals, causation, possibility and necessity, and abstract objects.

text: Among the developments that resulted in the revival of metaphysical theorizing were Quine's attack on the analytic-synthetic distinction, which was generally considered to weaken Carnap's distinction between existence questions internal to a framework and those external to it.[43] Important also for the revival of metaphysics was the further development of modal logic, including the work of Saul Kripke, who argued in Naming and Necessity and elsewhere for the existence of essences and the possibility of necessary, a posteriori truths.[44]

text: Metaphysics remains a fertile topic of research, having recovered from the attacks of A.J. Ayer and the logical positivists. Although many discussions are continuations of old ones from previous decades and centuries, the debate remains active. The philosophy of fiction, the problem of empty names, and the debate over existence's status as a property have all become major concerns, while perennial issues such as free will, possible worlds, and the philosophy of time have been revived.[45][46]

text: Science has also had an increasingly significant role in metaphysics. The theory of special relativity has had a profound effect on the philosophy of time, and quantum physics is routinely discussed in the free will debate.[46] The weight given to scientific evidence is largely due to widespread commitments among philosophers to scientific realism and naturalism.

text: Philosophy of language[edit]

text: Philosophy of language is a topic that has decreased during the last four decades, as evidenced by the fact that few major philosophers today treat it as a primary research topic. Indeed, while the debate remains fierce, it is still strongly influenced by those authors from the first half of the century: Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, Alfred Tarski, and W. V. O. Quine.

text: In Saul Kripke's publication Naming and Necessity, he argued influentially that flaws in common theories of proper names are indicative of larger misunderstandings of the metaphysics of necessity and possibility. By wedding the techniques of modal logic to a causal theory of reference, Kripke was widely regarded as reviving theories of essence and identity as respectable topics of philosophical discussion.

text: Another influential philosopher, Pavel Tichý initiated Transparent Intensional Logic, an original theory of the logical analysis of natural languages – the theory is devoted to the problem of saying exactly what it is that we learn, know and can communicate when we come to understand what a sentence means.

text: Philosophy of science[edit]

text: Reacting against both the verificationism of the logical positivists as well as the critiques of the philosopher of science Karl Popper, who had suggested the falsifiability criterion on which to judge the demarcation between science and non-science, discussions of philosophy of science during the last 40 years were dominated by social constructivist and cognitive relativist theories of science. Thomas Samuel Kuhn with his formulation of paradigm shifts and Paul Feyerabend with his epistemological anarchism are significant for these discussions.[47] The philosophy of biology has also undergone considerable growth, particularly due to the considerable debate in recent years over the nature of evolution, particularly natural selection.[48] Daniel Dennett and his 1995 book Darwin's Dangerous Idea, which defends Neo-Darwinism, stand at the foreground of this debate.[49]

text: Epistemology[edit]

text: Owing largely to Gettier's 1963 paper "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", epistemology resurged as a topic of analytic philosophy during the last 50 years. A large portion of current epistemological research is intended to resolve the problems that Gettier's examples presented to the traditional justified true belief model of knowledge, including developing theories of justification in order to deal with Gettier's examples, or giving alternatives to the justified true belief model. Other and related topics of contemporary research include debates between internalism and externalism,[50] basic knowledge, the nature of evidence, the value of knowledge, epistemic luck, virtue epistemology, the role of intuitions in justification, and treating knowledge as a primitive concept.

text: Aesthetics[edit]

text: As a result of attacks on the traditional aesthetic notions of beauty and sublimity from post-modern thinkers, analytic philosophers were slow to consider art and aesthetic judgment. Susanne Langer[51] and Nelson Goodman[52] addressed these problems in an analytic style during the 1950s and 1960s. Since Goodman, aesthetics as a discipline for analytic philosophers has flourished.[53] Rigorous efforts to pursue analyses of traditional aesthetic concepts were performed by Guy Sircello in the 1970s and 1980s, resulting in new analytic theories of love,[54] sublimity,[55] and beauty.[56]


document_title: Luke Cage (season 2)

question_text: when is season 2 of luke cage on netflix

text: Luke Cage (season 2)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

14
1
TBA
Lucy Liu[1]
TBA
2018 (2018)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Mike Colter as Luke Cage[2]
Simone Missick as Mercedes "Misty" Knight[2]
Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple[2]
Alfre Woodard as Mariah Dillard[2]
Theo Rossi as Hernan "Shades" Alvarez[2]
Mustafa Shakir as John McIver[2]
Gabrielle Dennis as Tilda Johnson[2]

text: Notable guests[edit]

text: Thomas Q. Jones as Comanche[3]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was "eligible to go into multiple seasons for sure" and Netflix would look at "how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase" in terms of determining if additional seasons would be appropriate.[4] In July 2015, Sarandos said some of the Defenders series would "selectively have multiple seasons as they come out of the gate."[5] Regarding a second season, showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker stated he had "a few ideas", including possibly exploring the "Hero for Hire" aspect of Luke Cage, though noted he was not taking "any of this for granted" in terms of feeling a second season renewal from Netflix was guaranteed.[6] Actor Mike Colter also felt "Heroes for Hire" could be explored in future seasons, as well as further exploring Cage's lifestyle change regarding his relationship with Jessica Jones and introducing the couple's daughter.[7] In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season,[8] of 13 episodes.[9]

text: Coker compared the season to A Tribe Called Quest's second album The Low End Theory saying, their first album People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm "was great, but then Low End Theory was the record that everyone says ... when they think of A Tribe Called Quest taking it to the next level. That’s my hope for season 2, is that we have some of the similar sounds, but we go in a deeper direction." Coker also noted that music would continue to be an important element for the season and that Harlem would still be "at the heart and its center" for the series.[10]

text: Writing[edit]

text: In July 2017, Colter said the writing for the season was different from the first, because "we know the show now. We know the world that we’re in and we know sort of what works and what doesn’t work and we’re just gonna double down on that stuff, so look forward to a very exciting and very relevant and pop culture-heavy show."[11] He added that after the first season and the crossover miniseries The Defenders, Cage would have "a whole new outlook on life" and would not be dealing with the judicial system anymore.[12]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Colter returns to star as Cage,[13] along with Simone Missick as Misty Knight,[2] Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple,[14] Alfre Woodard as Mariah Dillard,[2] and Theo Rossi as Hernan "Shades" Alvarez.[15] In July 2017, Marvel announced the casting of Mustafa Shakir as John McIver, and Gabrielle Dennis as Tilda Johnson.[2] A version of Johnson also appears in Marvel Studios' film Black Panther, portrayed by Nabiyah Be.[16]

text: Thomas Q. Jones also reprises his role as Comanche in the season.[3]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began by June 10, 2017,[14][13] under the series' working title Tiara. It is scheduled to last until March 2018.[13]

text: Music[edit]

text: Coker wanted to have live musical performances in the season again after the first, and hoped that some musicians who had turned him down for the first season would be happy to join the second after getting to see the series.[17] In July 2017, Colter said that the second season would have "another feel to it" in terms of the music, praising the season's musical guests and explaining that he and Coker had chosen a "certain type" of music for the season after listening to it at a birthday party and agreeing that there had "not been one bad song" played.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: The second season of Luke Cage is set to be released in 2018,[2] on the streaming service Netflix worldwide,[8] in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range.[18]


document_title: Kerry Chater

question_text: who wrote i know a heartache when i see one

text: Kerry Chater

text: Musician[edit]

text: Chater was born on August 7, 1945 in Vancouver, British Columbia. A bass player, in 1966 he joined a band called "The Outcasts" with his friend Gary Puckett and others; this eventually became The Union Gap,[1] which was signed by Columbia Records in 1967. Over the next two years the band had 4 songs in the top 10. Chater did much of the arranging for the live shows,[citation needed] wrote or co-wrote some of the album cuts and b-sides, and on rare occasions did a shared lead vocal. Chater and Gary "Mutha" Withem, the original keyboardist, left the band in 1970 as its popularity was declining.

text: Chater spent the next five years studying musical theater with Lehman Engel. Chater released two solo albums in the late 1970s: Part Time Love (1977) and Love on a Shoestring (1978); neither charted.

text: Songwriter[edit]

text: With veteran songwriter Charlie Black, Chater wrote "I Know a Heartache When I See One", which reached number 19 on the US and number 10 on the US country charts in 1979 for Jennifer Warnes. Chater has also written hits with Glen Ballard and Rory Bourke (You Look So Good in Love), singer Renee Armand (What She Wants), and his wife, Lynn Gillespie Chater (I Meant to Do That, with Paul Brandt).

text: The song I.O.U., co-written with Austin Roberts, was a nominee for the 1984 Grammy Award for Best Country Song. Lee Greenwood's performance of the song won him the Grammy for Best Performance by a Male Artist.

text: Hit songs[edit]

text:
"So Hard Livin' Without You" (Chater/John Bettis) - 1978 #62 for the band Airwaves
"I Know a Heartache When I See One" (Chater/Charlie Black) - 1979 #19 US, #10 country for Jennifer Warnes
"Love Knows We Tried" (Chater/Jan Crutchfield/Rory Bourke) - 1980 #40 country for Tanya Tucker
"Love on a Shoestring" (Chater/Douglas L. A. Foxworthy) - 1980 #55 Hot 100 for Captain and Tennille; original by Chater on his album Love on a Shoestring (1978)
Even a Fool Would Let Go (Chater/Tom Snow) - 1980 #61 country hit for Charlie Rich; many covers
(Want You) Back in My Life Again (Chater/Chris Christian) - 1981 #72 Hot 100, #14 AC for The Carpenters
I.O.U. (Chater/Austin Roberts) - 1983 #6 country hit for Lee Greenwood; nominee for 1984 Grammy for Best Country Song
"Stranger at My Door" (Chater/Rory Bourke/Charlie Black) - 1983 #45 country for Juice Newton
You Look So Good in Love (Chater/Glen Ballard/Rory Michael Bourke) - 1983 #1 country hit for George Strait
You're the First Time I've Thought About Leaving (Chater/Dickey Lee) - 1983 #1 country hit for Reba McEntire
What She Wants (Chater/Renee Armand) - 1984 #8 country hit for Michael Martin Murphey
"You've Got a Soft Place to Fall" (Chater/Bob McDill/H. Moore) - 1984 #44 country for Kathy Mattea
"If Every Man Had a Woman Like You" (Chater/Ballard/Dahlstrom) - 1984 #39 country hit for The Osmonds
If I Had You (Chater/Danny "Bear" Mayo) - 1989 #1 country hit for Alabama
"Hey Mister (I Need This Job)" (Chater/Renee Armand) - 1992 #28 country for Shenandoah
I Meant to Do That (L. G. Chater/K. Chater/Paul Brandt) - 1996 #39 country (#1 Canadian country) for Paul Brandt
"That's the Way It Goes" (Chater/L. G. Chater/Cyril Rawson) - 1996 #19 Canadian AC for Anne Murray
"You Go First (Do You Wanna Kiss)" (Chater/L. G. Chater/Cyril Rawson) - 1999 #25 country for Jessica Andrews

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Married to Lynn Gillespie-Chater, songwriter and co-author of their novel series Kill Point. Kerry Chater's mother was best selling regency romance author Elizabeth Chater. Son Kerry Chater Jr. is a guitarist, and son Christopher John Chater is a science fiction author.

text: Albums[edit]

text:
Part Time Love (1977)
Love on a Shoestring (1978)

text: NOTE: Both were released on CD in 2014 by Real Gone Music.