document_title: The One and Only Ivan

question_text: the one and only ivan where did he live

question_tokens: the one and only ivan where did he live

text: The One and Only Ivan

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story is placed at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall and Video Arcade. Ivan, the silverback gorilla, has lived in captivity at the Big Top Mall for 9,855 days by his own tally.[3] He lives in his domain, and is generally content with his life. He watches television, eats bananas and makes artwork that is sold by the owner. Along with Ivan, Stella the elephant and Bob a stray dog, live at the mall. Stella is an older elephant who has a chronic injury in one leg and regularly performs in the daily shows. Unlike Ivan, Stella has a long memory, and can remember living other places, like the circus where she was taught many of her tricks. However, Stella would like to live at a zoo, because they have much wider spaces for their domains. Stella believes that zoos are how humans make amends.[4]

text: When Ruby, a baby elephant is brought to the Big Top Mall to live with Stella and learn new tricks, things begin to change. Stella's old injury causes her to get sick. Just before Stella succumbs to her illness and passes away, she asks Ivan to take care of Ruby and find her a better place. Ivan promises he will take care of Ruby, even though he does not know how he will manage to do it.[5] After Stella's death, Ivan begins to remember his life before the Big Top Mall, and what it was like to have freedom, if only to have stories to tell to Ruby. While Mack, the owner of the Big Top Mall is trying to train Ruby to do tricks, Ivan witnesses first hand the abuse to which she is subjected and starts to decide how to keep his promise to Stella.

text: When Julia, the custodian's daughter gives Ivan some finger paints, he begins to get an idea of how to help Ruby. He also changes his opinion of the Big Top Mall. He no longer thinks of his area as his domain, but as a cage.[6] Ivan uses his art to make a large picture of a zoo. George and Julia help him by putting it on the billboard outside of the Big Top Mall. When people see the new signs, they begin to protest the treatment of the animals. Investigators are sent to the Big Top Mall, and eventually it is closed down, and Ivan, Ruby and the other animals are taken away to a zoo. Ivan and Ruby are both adopted by the same zoo. Ivan was tested if he really was a silverback at the new zoo. The story ends with Ivan and Ruby adapting to their new habitats and the other animals they will live with.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Ivan: An easygoing , Great ape and Silverback gorilla who has lived in the Big Top Mall and Video Arcade for 24 years and 3 years living with Mack; the main character. Ivan has spent most of his life in captivity, either living in a human home or at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall and Video Arcade. He remembers little about his life before captivity and has grown content with his life at the mall. As the story progresses, Ivan determines that his life is not satisfactory and he works to save Ruby by having her removed to a zoo.
Stella: a senior elephant who used to live in circuses before coming to the mall. Stella has a long memory, and would much prefer to live in a zoo. She extracts a promise from Ivan to take care of Ruby if she cannot.
Bob: a stray dog who lives with Ivan in his domain. Bob is satisfied to be a stray dog and has no desire to be adopted into a human home.
Mack: the owner of the mall and part-time circus clown; purchased Ivan from poachers who captured him in his home in Africa. Mack is not seen often on screen. He appears to be a generally good man. However, his business is failing and he cannot afford to keep up the mall the way he used to. His actions regarding Stella and Ruby are what finally spur Ivan to try to have Ruby moved to a zoo.
George: The mall custodian. George is a good man who cares for the animals and the mall. However, he is conflicted about helping them because he is afraid of losing his job.
Julia: George's daughter; inspires Ivan to love drawing. Julia works to help Ivan in his quest to move Ruby and the other animals to a zoo.
Ruby: a baby elephant who is new to the mall. Ruby has only recently lost her mother and has never previously been trained in circus tricks. Ruby's treatment at the hands of Mack is what ultimately drives Ivan to try to find a way to save her.

text: Inspiration[edit]

text: Although The One and Only Ivan is an entirely fictional story, it is inspired by the true story of Ivan,[7] who lived in a similar situation for 27 years.[8] Eventually Ivan was adopted by Zoo Atlanta in 1994.[9]

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to Kirkus Reviews, "Fittingly, Ivan narrates his tale in short, image-rich sentences and acute, sometimes humorous observations that are all the more heartbreaking for their simple delivery... Utterly believable, this bittersweet story... will inspire a new generation of advocates."[10] Jonathan Hunt wrote in The Horn Book Magazine, "The choice to tell this story in the first person and to personify the gorilla with an entire range of human thoughts, feelings, and emotions poses important questions to the reader, not only about what it means to be human but also about what it means to be a living creature, and what kind of kinship we all share."[11] Carolyn Phelan wrote in Booklist that "The text, written in first person from Ivan's point of view, does a good job of vividly conveying his personality, emotions, and intelligence as well as creating a sense of otherness in his point of view."[12] Writing for School Library Journal, Elizabeth Bird said, "There's nothing twee or precious about it. Just good crisp writing, complex characters, and a story that will make animal rights activists out of the most lethargic of readers. Applegate has penned a real doozy of a book that speaks to the best and worst in all of us."[13]

text: Adaptation[edit]

text: On April 9, 2014, it was announced that Disney may adapt the book with Allison Shearmur to produce.[14] On May 6, 2016, it was announced that Mike Newell would direct the film, but on March 1, 2018 he was replaced by Thea Sharrock. The script will be written by Mike White.[15] The cast for the film include Sam Rockwell as Ivan, Angelina Jolie as Stella and Bryan Cranston as Mack. With Brooklynn Prince and Ariana Greenblatt in undisclosed roles. Shearmur, who died on January 19, 2018, will still have a producing credit along with Jolie and Brigham Taylor


document_title: 8 Mile (film)

question_text: who pulls out a gun when the leadaz of the free world and rabbits friends fight

root

text: 8 Mile (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the Fall of 1995 in Detroit, Jimmy "B-Rabbit" Smith Jr. is a blue-collar worker from a poor family. He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run-down trailer home in Warren, Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie, his little sister Lily, and Stephanie's abusive live-in boyfriend Greg. Although encouraged by his friends, Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper. He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue, the Shelter, and he leaves the stage humiliated.

tag: p

text: Jimmy works at a car factory. When he asks for extra shifts, his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual lateness. Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex. Over time, Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life. When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work, his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested.

text: Stephanie receives a notice evicting her and the family as she cannot pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good. Jimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the "Leaders of the Free World." At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches.

text: At work one day when on lunch break, Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker, Paul. Jimmy joins the battle and defends Paul. Alex is impressed by Jimmy's actions; they have sex in the factory. Wink arranges for Jimmy to meet with producers at a recording studio, but Jimmy finds Wink and Alex engaging in intercourse. Enraged, Jimmy attacks Wink as Alex tries to break up their altercation. In retaliation, Wink and the Leaders of the Free World assault Jimmy outside his mother's trailer. The leader of the gang, Papa Doc, holds Jimmy at gunpoint, threatening to kill him before being dissuaded by Wink.

text: Jimmy's best friend and battle host, Future, pushes him to get revenge by competing against the Leaders of the Free World at the next rap battle. However, Jimmy's late-night shift conflicts with the timing of the next battle tournament. A goodbye visit from Alex, who is moving to New York, changes his mind about competing, and Paul agrees to cover his shift at work as a favor while Jimmy goes to the battle.

text: In all rounds of the rap battle, Jimmy has to compete against one member of "the Leaders." After winning the first two rounds, he has to challenge Papa Doc. He wins by exposing his opponent's weaknesses as well as his own. With nothing to say in rebuttal, Papa Doc hands the microphone back to Future, embarrassed. After being congratulated by Alex and his friends, Jimmy is offered a position by Future, hosting battles at The Shelter. Jimmy declines, saying he has to get back to work and to find success his own way.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Eminem as Jimmy "B-Rabbit" Smith, Jr.
Mekhi Phifer as Future, Jimmy's closest friend and the rap battle host
Brittany Murphy as Alex Latourno, Jimmy's love interest
Kim Basinger as Stephanie, Jimmy and Lily's mother
Anthony Mackie as Papa Doc
Michael Shannon as Greg Buehl, Stephanie's boyfriend
Eugene Byrd as Wink
Evan Jones as Cheddar Bob, Jimmy's friend
Omar Benson Miller as Sol George, Jimmy's friend and Iz's brother
De'Angelo Wilson as DJ Iz, Jimmy's friend and Sol's brother
Taryn Manning as Janeane, Jimmy's ex-girlfriend
Proof as Lil' Tic
Xzibit as Mike (Male Lunch Truck Rapper)
Craig Chandler as Paul
Obie Trice as Male parking lot rapper
Chloe Greenfield as Lily, Jimmy's sister
John Singleton as Bouncer
Miz Korona as Vanessa (Female Lunch Truck Rapper)
Brandon T. Jackson (uncredited) as a Chin Tiki club-foe

tag: ul

text: Music[edit]

text: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile is the soundtrack to 8 Mile. Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned Eminem's first number 1 US single[3] "Lose Yourself". The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million, despite only two months of release. It also reached No. 1 on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian ARIAnet Albums Chart. It also spawned a follow up soundtrack, More Music from 8 Mile, consisting of songs that appear in 8 Mile that were current singles during the film's time setting of 1995. The album was also made in a clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: 8 Mile opened at No. 1 with $51,240,555 in its opening weekend, the then second highest opening for an R-rated movie in the U.S.[4] The film would go on to gross $116,750,901 domestically, and $126,124,177 overseas for a total of $242,875,078 worldwide.[2] The film's final domestic gross would hold the film at No. 3 in Box Office Mojo's "Pop Star Debuts" list, behind Austin Powers in Goldmember (Beyoncé) and The Bodyguard (Whitney Houston).

text: The 8 Mile DVD, which was released on March 18, 2003, generated $75 million in sales and rentals in its first week, making it the biggest DVD debut ever for an R-rated movie and putting it in the all-time Top 10 for first week home video sales for a movie. A VHS version was also released on the same date.[5][6]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: 8 Mile received positive reviews, with critics praising the music and Eminem's performance. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports the film is "Certified Fresh", with 76% of 206 professional critics giving the film a positive review and a rating average of 7.0 out of 10. The site's consensus is that "Even though the story is overly familiar, there's enough here for an engaging ride."[7] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has rating score of 77 based on 38 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[8] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave 8 Mile was B+ on an A+ to F scale, with the core under-21 demographics giving it an A.[9]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars. He said that we "are hardly started in 8 Mile, and already we see that this movie stands aside from routine debut films by pop stars" and that it is "a faithful reflection of his myth". He said that Eminem, as an actor, is "convincing without being too electric" and "survives the X-ray truth-telling of the movie camera"[10] In the At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper review, both Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs up; Roeper said that Eminem has a "winning screen presence" and "raw magic" to him. He was happy with Rabbit's "tender side" presented through his relationship with the "adorable" Greenfield as his sister, but felt that Basinger was "really miscast". Roeper said: "8 Mile probably won't win converts to rap, but it should thrill Eminem fans."[11]

text: Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. He said that 8 Mile "is a real movie, not a fast-buck package to exploit the fan base of a rap nonentity" that "qualifies as a cinematic event by tapping into the roots of Eminem and the fury and feeling that inform his rap." He praised Hanson's directing and the performances, and compared the final battle with Papa Doc to the fight between Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed in Rocky.[12]

text: Top lists[edit]

text: 8 Mile has been named in various year-end and all-time top lists:

text:
2nd – Billboard (Erika Ramirez): Top 10 Best Hip-Hop Movies Ever[13]
7th – The New York Observer (Andrew Sarris): The 10 Best English-Language Films of 2002[14]
9th – Time (Richard Schickel): Top 10 Movies of 2002[15]
10th – Rolling Stone (Peter Travers): The Best Movies of 2002[16]
N/A – The Daily Californian: Best Films of 2002[17]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 2003, Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards, for his single "Lose Yourself" from the soundtrack of 8 Mile.[18][19] Thus he became the first hip hop artist ever to win an Academy Award. He was not present at the ceremony, but musician Luis Resto accepted the award.[20] The film has been nominated for 32 awards, winning 11.[21]

text:
showList of awards and nominations

Year
Award
Category
Result
Recipient

2003
Academy Award
Best Original Song – Lose Yourself
Won
Eminem, Luis Resto and Jeff Bass

Black Reel Awards
Best Original Soundtrack
Nominated
8 Mile

BMI
Film Award for Music
Won
Eminem

Most Performed Song from a Film – Lose Yourself
Won
Eminem

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Critics Choice Award for Best Song – Lose Yourself
Won
Eminem

CNOMA Awards
Best Make-Up Artist for a Feature Film
Nominated
Donald Mowat

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Most Promising Performer
Nominated
Eminem

European Film Awards
Screen International Award
Nominated
Curtis Hanson

Golden Globe Award[22]
Best Original Song – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Eminem

Golden Trailer Awards[23]
Best Music
Nominated
8 Mile

Best of Show
Nominated
8 Mile

Most Original
Nominated
8 Mile

Golden Reel Award
Best Sound Editing in a Feature - Music - Musical
Nominated
Carlton Kaller

Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards
Best Contemporary Makeup - Feature
Nominated
Donald Mowat, Ronnie Specter, Matiki Anoff

MTV Movie Awards[24]
Best Movie
Nominated
8 Mile

Best Male Performance
Won
Eminem

Breakthrough Male Performance
Won
Eminem

Online Film Critics Society Awards
Best Breakthrough Performance
Nominated
Eminem

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
Best Original Song – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Eminem

Satellite Awards
Best Original Song – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Eminem

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Drama
Nominated
8 Mile

Choice Movie Actor: Drama
Won
Eminem

Choice Movie: Male Breakout Star
Won
Eminem

Choice Crossover Artist
Nominated
Eminem

Choice Movie: Liplock
Nominated
Eminem and Brittany Murphy

World Soundtrack Awards
Best Original Song Written for a Film – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Eminem

2004
ASCAP Awards
Most Performed Song from a Motion Picture – Lose Yourself
Won
Eminem

Grammy Award[25]
Grammy Award for Record of the Year – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Eminem

Grammy Award for Song of the Year – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto

Grammy Award for Best Rap Song – Lose Yourself
Won
Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto

Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance – Lose Yourself
Won
Eminem

Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media – Lose Yourself
Nominated
Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto

tag: table

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Lose Yourself" – No. 93[26]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[27]


document_title: A Day in the Life

question_text: who played piano on day in the life

question_tokens: who played piano on day in the life

text: A Day in the Life

text: Background[edit]

text: John Lennon wrote the melody and most of the lyrics to the verses of "A Day in the Life" in mid January 1967.[4] Soon afterwards, he presented the song to Paul McCartney, who contributed a middle-eight section.[5] In a 1970 interview, Lennon discussed their collaboration on the song:

text: Paul and I were definitely working together, especially on "A Day in the Life" that was a real ... The way we wrote a lot of the time: you'd write the good bit, the part that was easy, like "I read the news today" or whatever it was, then when you got stuck or whenever it got hard, instead of carrying on, you just drop it; then we would meet each other, and I would sing half, and he would be inspired to write the next bit and vice versa. He was a bit shy about it because I think he thought it's already a good song ... So we were doing it in his room with the piano. He said "Should we do this?" "Yeah, let's do that."[6]

text: According to author Ian MacDonald, "A Day in the Life" was strongly informed by Lennon's LSD-inspired revelations, in that the song "concerned 'reality' only to the extent that this had been revealed by LSD to be largely in the eye of the beholder".[7] Beatles biographer Jonathon Gould writes that "of the many ambitious pop singles released during the fall of 1966, none had a stronger influence on the Beatles than the Beach Boys' 'Good Vibrations'".[8] In a 1968 editorial for Jazz & Pop, writer Gene Sculatti called the single the "ultimate in-studio production trip", adding that its influence was apparent in songs such as "A Day in the Life".[9][nb 1]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: Tara Browne[edit]

text: According to Lennon, the inspiration for the first two verses was the death of Tara Browne, the 21-year-old heir to the Guinness fortune who had crashed his Lotus Elan on 18 December 1966 in Redcliffe Gardens, Earl's Court. Browne had been a friend of Lennon and McCartney,[11] and had, earlier in 1966, instigated McCartney's first experience with LSD.[12] Lennon adapted the song's verse lyrics from a story in the 17 January 1967 edition of the Daily Mail,[13] which reported the ruling on a custody action over Browne's two young children.

text: During a writing session at McCartney's house in north London, Lennon and McCartney fine-tuned the lyrics, using an approach that author Howard Sounes likens to the cut-up technique popularised by William Burroughs.[14] "I didn't copy the accident," Lennon said. "Tara didn't blow his mind out, but it was in my mind when I was writing that verse. The details of the accident in the song—not noticing traffic lights and a crowd forming at the scene—were similarly part of the fiction."[15] McCartney expounded on the subject: "The verse about the politician blowing his mind out in a car we wrote together. It has been attributed to Tara Browne, the Guinness heir, which I don't believe is the case, certainly as we were writing it, I was not attributing it to Tara in my head. In John's head it might have been. In my head I was imagining a politician bombed out on drugs who'd stopped at some traffic lights and didn't notice that the lights had changed. The 'blew his mind' was purely a drugs reference, nothing to do with a car crash."[16]

text: "4,000 holes"[edit]

text: Lennon wrote the song's final verse inspired by a Far & Near news brief, in the same 17 January edition of the Daily Mail that had inspired the first two verses. Under the headline "The holes in our roads", the brief stated: "There are 4,000 holes in the road in Blackburn, Lancashire, or one twenty-sixth of a hole per person, according to a council survey. If Blackburn is typical, there are two million holes in Britain's roads and 300,000 in London."[17]

text: The story had been sold to the Daily Mail in Manchester by Ron Kennedy of the Star News agency in Blackburn. Kennedy had noticed a Lancashire Evening Telegraph story about road excavations and in a telephone call to the Borough Engineer's department had checked the annual number of holes in the road.[18] Lennon had a problem with the words of the final verse, however, not being able to think of how to connect "Now they know how many holes it takes to" and "the Albert Hall". His friend Terry Doran suggested that the holes would "fill" the Albert Hall, and the lyric was eventually used. [19]

text: Drug culture[edit]

text: McCartney said about the line "I'd love to turn you on", which concludes both verse sections: "This was the time of Tim Leary's 'Turn on, tune in, drop out' and we wrote, 'I'd love to turn you on.' John and I gave each other a knowing look: 'Uh-huh, it's a drug song. You know that, don't you?'"[20][nb 2] George Martin commented that he had always suspected that the line "found my way upstairs and had a smoke" was a drug reference, recalling how the Beatles would "disappear and have a little puff", presumably of marijuana, but not in front of him.[23] "When [Martin] was doing his TV programme on Pepper", McCartney recalled later, "he asked me, 'Do you know what caused Pepper?' I said, 'In one word, George, drugs. Pot.' And George said, 'No, no. But you weren't on it all the time.' 'Yes, we were.' Sgt. Pepper was a drug album."[24][nb 3]

text: Other reference points[edit]

text: Author Neil Sinyard attributed the third-verse line "The English Army had just won the war" to Lennon's role in the film How I Won the War, which he had filmed during September and October 1966. Sinyard said: "It's hard to think of [the verse] ... without automatically associating it with Richard Lester's film."[27]

text: The middle-eight that McCartney provided for "A Day in the Life" was a short piano piece he had been working on independently, with lyrics about a commuter whose uneventful morning routine leads him to drift off into a dream.[28][not in citation given] McCartney had written the piece as a wistful recollection of his younger years, which included riding the 82 bus to school, smoking, and going to class.[29][30] This theme—the Beatles' youth in the north of England—matched that of "Penny Lane" (a street in Liverpool) and "Strawberry Fields Forever" (an orphanage behind Lennon's house), two songs written for the album but were released instead as a double A-side single.[31]

text: Musical structure and development[edit]

text: Basic track[edit]

text: The Beatles began recording the song, with a working title of "In the Life of ...", at EMI's Studio Two on 19 January 1967.[32] The line-up as they rehearsed the track was Lennon on piano, McCartney on Hammond organ, George Harrison on acoustic guitar, and Ringo Starr on congas.[33] The band then taped four takes of the rhythm track, by which point Lennon had switched to acoustic guitar and McCartney to piano, with Harrison now playing maracas.[33][34]

text: As a link between the end of the second verse, where Lennon sings "I'd love to turn you on", and the start of McCartney's middle-eight, the band included a 24-bar bridge.[35] At first, the Beatles were not sure how to fill this link section.[36] At the conclusion of the session on 19 January, the transition consisted of a simple repeated piano chord and the voice of assistant Mal Evans counting out the bars. Evans' voice was treated with gradually increasing amounts of echo. The 24-bar bridge ended with the sound of an alarm clock triggered by Evans. Although the original intent was to edit out the ringing alarm clock when the section was filled in, it complemented McCartney's piece – which begins with the line "Woke up, fell out of bed" – so the decision was made to keep the sound.[37][nb 4]

text: The track was refined with remixing and additional parts added on 20 January and 3 February.[37][38] During the latter session, McCartney and Starr re-recorded their contributions on bass guitar and drums, respectively.[39] Starr later highlighted his fills on the song as typical of an approach whereby "I try to become an instrument; play the mood of the song. For example, 'Four thousand holes in Blackburn, Lancashire,' – boom ba bom. I try to show that; the disenchanting mood."[40] As on the 1966 track "Rain", music journalist Ben Edmonds recognises Starr's playing as reflective of his empathy with Lennon's songwriting. In Edmonds' description, the drumming on "A Day in the Life" "transcends timekeeping to embody psychedelic drift – mysterious, surprising, without losing sight of its rhythmic role".[41]

text: Orchestra[edit]

text: The orchestral portions of "A Day in the Life" reflect Lennon and McCartney's interest in the work of avant-garde composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luciano Berio and John Cage.[42] To fill the empty 24-bar middle section, Lennon's request to George Martin, the band's producer, was that the orchestra should provide "a tremendous build-up, from nothing up to something absolutely like the end of the world".[43] McCartney suggested having the musicians improvise over the segment.[37] To allay concerns that classically trained musicians would be unable to do this, Martin wrote a loose score for the section.[44] Using the rhythm implied by Lennon's staggered intonation on the words "turn you on",[45] the score was an extended, atonal crescendo that encouraged the musicians to improvise within the defined framework.[37] The orchestral part was recorded on 10 February 1967 in Studio One at EMI Studios,[46] with Martin and McCartney conducting a 40-piece orchestra.[47] The recording session was completed at a total cost of £367 (equivalent to £6,113 in 2016)[48] for the players, an extravagance at the time.[49] Martin later described explaining his score to the puzzled orchestra:

text: What I did there was to write ... the lowest possible note for each of the instruments in the orchestra. At the end of the twenty-four bars, I wrote the highest note ... near a chord of E major. Then I put a squiggly line right through the twenty-four bars, with reference points to tell them roughly what note they should have reached during each bar ... Of course, they all looked at me as though I were completely mad.[50]

text: McCartney had originally wanted a 90-piece orchestra, but this proved impossible. Instead, the semi-improvised segment was recorded multiple times, filling a separate four-track tape machine,[38] and the four different recordings were overdubbed into a single massive crescendo.[37] The results were successful; in the final edit of the song, the orchestral bridge is reprised after the final verse.[51]

text:
The orchestral link from the song's middle section to the final verse

Womack describes the "sarcastic brass retort" that ends the sequence as the "most decisive moment" on Sgt. Pepper.[52]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The Beatles hosted the orchestral session as a 1960s-style happening,[53][54] with guests including Mick Jagger, Marianne Faithfull, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Donovan, Pattie Boyd, Michael Nesmith, and members of the psychedelic design collective The Fool.[47] Overseen by Tony Bramwell of NEMS Enterprises, the event was filmed for use in a projected television special that never materialised.[51][nb 5] Reflecting the Beatles' taste for experimentation and the avant garde, the orchestra players were asked to wear formal dress and then given a costume piece as a contrast with this attire.[58] This resulted in different players wearing anything from fake noses to fake stick-on nipples. Martin recalled that the lead violinist performed wearing a gorilla paw, while a bassoon player placed a balloon on the end of his instrument.[49]

text: At the end of the night, the four Beatles and some of their guests overdubbed an extended humming sound to close the song – an idea that they later discarded. According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn, the tapes from this 10 February orchestral session reveal the guests breaking into loud applause following the second orchestral passage.[59] Among the EMI staff attending the event, one recalled how Ron Richards, the Hollies' producer, was stunned by the music he had heard; in Lewisohn's description, Richards "[sat] with his head in his hands, saying 'I just can't believe it … I give up.'"[47] Martin later offered his own opinion of the orchestral session: "part of me said 'We're being a bit self-indulgent here.' The other part of me said 'It's bloody marvellous!'"[59]

text: Final chord[edit]

text: Following the final orchestral crescendo, the song ends with one of the most famous final chords in music history.[49][60] Overdubbed in place of the vocal experiment from 10 February, this chord was added during a session at EMI's Studio Two on 22 February.[61] Lennon, McCartney, Starr and Evans shared three different pianos, with Martin on a harmonium, and all played an E-major chord simultaneously. The chord was made to ring out for over forty seconds by increasing the recording sound level as the vibration faded out. Towards the end of the chord the recording level was so high that listeners can hear the sounds of the studio, including rustling papers and a squeaking chair.[62]

text: Also present at the session was David Crosby of the Byrds. He recalled his reaction to hearing the completed song: "man, I was a dish-rag. I was floored. It took me several minutes to be able to talk after that."[63] Due to the multiple takes required to perfect the orchestral cacophony and the final chord, the total time spent recording "A Day in the Life" was 34 hours.[64] In contrast, the Beatles' debut album, Please Please Me, had been recorded in its entirety in only 10 hours, 45 minutes.[65]

text: The chord inspired Apple sound designer Jim Reekes in creating the startup chime of the Apple Macintosh featured on Macintosh Quadra computers on a Korg Wavestation EX.  "It's a C Major chord, played with both hands stretched out as wide as possible (with 3rd at the top, if I recall)", according to Reekes.[66][66]

text: Variations[edit]

text: On the Sgt. Pepper album, the start of "A Day in the Life" is cross-faded with the applause at the end of the previous track, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)". On the Beatles' 1967–1970 compilation LP, the crossfade is cut off, and the track begins abruptly after the start of the original recording, but on the soundtrack album Imagine: John Lennon and the CD versions of 1967–1970, the song starts cleanly, with no applause effects.[67][68][69]

text: Following "A Day in the Life" on the Sgt. Pepper album (as first released on LP in the UK and years later worldwide on CD) is a high-frequency 15-kilohertz tone and some randomly spliced Beatles studio babble. The tone is the same pitch as a dog whistle, at the upper limit of human hearing, but within the range that dogs and cats can hear.[70]  This penultimate touch was part of the Beatles' humour. McCartney would recall how the Beatles thought: "Imagine there are people sitting around and they think the album's finished and then suddenly the dog starts barking and no one will know what the heck's happened."[71]  The studio babble, titled in the session notes "Edit for LP End", and recorded two months after the mono and stereo masters for "A Day in the Life" had been finalised, was added to the run-out groove of the initial British pressing.  The two or three seconds of gibberish would loop back into itself endlessly on any record player not equipped with an automatic phonograph arm return.[72][73][74]  There are even a few variations of the inner groove on different LP pressings.  Some listeners have discerned words among the vocal gibberish, Lennon's saying "been so high", followed by McCartney's response: "never could be any other way."[73]

text: The Anthology 2 album, released in 1996, featured a composite remix of "A Day in the Life", including elements from the first two takes, representing the song at its early, pre-orchestral stage,[75] while Anthology 3 included a version of  "The End" that concludes by having the last note fade into the final chord of "A Day in the Life" (reversed, then played forwards).[76] The version on the 2006 soundtrack remix album Love has the song starting with Lennon's intro of "sugar plum fairy", with the strings being more prominent during the crescendos.  In 2017, a handful of outtakes from the recording sessions, including the first take, were included on the two-disc and six-disc versions of the 50th-anniversary edition of Sgt. Pepper.[77]  The six-disc version of that edition also included, on a disc of mono mixes, a previously unreleased early demo mix of the song in its pre-orchestral stage, as of 30 January.[78] [33]

text: BBC radio ban[edit]

text: The song became controversial for its supposed references to drugs. The BBC announced that it would not broadcast "A Day in the Life" due to the line "I'd love to turn you on", which, according to the corporation, advocated drug use.[11][79] Other lyrics allegedly referring to drugs include "found my way upstairs and had a smoke / somebody spoke and I went into a dream". A spokesman for the BBC stated: "We have listened to this song over and over again. And we have decided that it appears to go just a little too far, and could encourage a permissive attitude to drug-taking."[25][nb 6] The ban was eventually lifted on 13 March 1972.[81][nb 7]

text: Recognition and reception[edit]

text: Recalling the release of Sgt. Pepper in his 1977 book The Beatles Forever, Nicholas Schaffner wrote that "Nothing quite like 'A Day In The Life' had been attempted before in so-called popular music" in terms of the song's "use of dynamics and tricks of rhythm, and of space and stereo effect, and its deft intermingling of scenes from dream, reality, and shades in between". Schaffner said that in the context of 1967, the track "was so visually evocative it seemed more like a film than a mere song".[83] Richard Goldstein of The New York Times called the song "a deadly earnest excursion in emotive music with a chilling lyric ... [that] stands as one of the most important Lennon-McCartney compositions … [and] an historic Pop event".[84] In a contemporary music critics' poll published by Jazz & Pop magazine, "A Day in the Life" won in the categories of Best Pop Song and Best Pop Arrangement.[85]

text: In his appraisal of the song, musicologist Walter Everett states that, as on the band's Revolver album, "the most monumental piece on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was Lennon's". He identifies the track's most striking feature as "its mysterious and poetic approach to serious topics that come together in a larger, direct message to its listeners, an embodiment of the central ideal for which the Beatles stood: that a truly meaningful life can be had only when one is aware of one's self and one's surroundings and overcomes the status quo."[86] Author Philip Norman describes "A Day in the Life" as a "masterpiece" and cites it as an example of how Sgt. Pepper "certainly was John's Freak Out!", referring to the 1966 album by the Mothers of Invention.[87]

text: "A Day in the Life" became one of the Beatles' most influential songs, and is now considered by many to be the band's greatest work. Paul Grushkin, in his book Rockin' Down the Highway: The Cars and People That Made Rock Roll, called the track "one of the most ambitious, influential, and groundbreaking works in pop music history".[88] According to musicologist John Covach, "'A Day in the Life' is perhaps one of the most important single tracks in the history of rock music; clocking in at only four minutes and forty-five seconds, it must surely be among the shortest epic pieces in rock."[89] In his review of the 50th anniversary edition of Sgt. Pepper for Rolling Stone, Mikal Gilmore says that "A Day in the Life" and Harrison's "Within You Without You" are the only songs on the album that transcend its legacy as "a gestalt: a whole that was greater than the sum of its parts".[90] James A. Moorer has said that both "A Day in the Life" and a fugue in B minor by Bach were his sources of inspiration for Deep Note, the audio trademark he created for the THK film company.[91]

text: "A Day in the Life" appears on many top songs lists. It placed twelfth on CBC's 50 Tracks, the second highest Beatles song on the list after "In My Life".[92] It placed first in Q magazine's list of the 50 greatest British songs of all time, and was at the top of Mojo's 101 Greatest Beatles' Songs, as decided by a panel of musicians and journalists.[93][94][95] "A Day in the Life" was also nominated for a Grammy in 1967 for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist or Instrumentalist.[96] In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 28 on the magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time",[97] and in 2010, deemed it to be the Beatles' greatest song.[24] It is listed at number 5 in Pitchfork Media's "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s".[98]

text: Legacy[edit]

text:
"A Day in the Life"Single by Barry Gibbfrom the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club BandB-side
"Nowhere Man"Released
July 1978[99]Format
7"Recorded
September 1977Genre
Psychedelic rockLength
5:11Label
RSOSongwriter(s)
Lennon–McCartneyProducer(s)
George MartinBarry Gibb singles chronology

"I'll Kiss Your Memory" (1970)

"A Day in the Life" (1978)

"Guilty" (1980)

text: On 27 August 1992 Lennon's handwritten lyrics were sold by the estate of Mal Evans in an auction at Sotheby's London for $100,000 (£56,600).[100] The lyrics were put up for sale again in March 2006 by Bonhams in New York. Sealed bids were opened on 7 March 2006 and offers started at about $2 million.[101][102] The lyric sheet was auctioned again by Sotheby's in June 2010. It was purchased by an anonymous American buyer who paid $1,200,000 (£810,000).[103]

text: McCartney has been performing this song in a majority of his live shows since his 2008 tour. It is played in a medley with "Give Peace a Chance".[104] The Beatles' friend and contemporary Bob Dylan references the song's opening lyrics in his 2012 tribute to John Lennon, "Roll on John".

text: Covers[edit]

text: The song has been recorded by many other artists,[105] notably by Jeff Beck on the 1998 George Martin album In My Life, which version was used in the film Across the Universe, and on Beck's 2008 album Performing This Week: Live at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club,[106] which version won Beck the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.[107]

text: The London Symphony Orchestra released an orchestral cover of the song in 1978 on Classic Rock: The Second Movement.[108] It was also covered by Barry Gibb in 1978 for the film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band and was included on the soundtrack of the same name, recorded in September 1977 and produced by George Martin.[109] Gibb's version was released as a single, with "Nowhere Man" as the B-side (also recorded by him and intended for the film).[110] Also in 1978, his version was used as the B-side of Robin Gibb's version of "Oh! Darling" released only in Italy.[111]

text: David Bowie used the lyric "I heard the news today oh boy!" in his 1975 song "Young Americans". Lennon appeared twice on Bowie's Young Americans album, providing guitar and backing vocals.[112] In 2012, Bob Dylan included the same line in his tribute song to Lennon, "Roll on John".[113]

text: Phish has covered the song more than 65 times since debuting it on 10 June 1995, often as an encore selection. Page McConnell and Trey Anastasio have split vocal duties for the Lennon/McCartney sections respectively.[114]

text: Willy Porter occasionally performed the song while opening for Jethro Tull in 2002.

text: A live version by Sting can be found on the EP Demolition Man.[citation needed]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
The Beatles

John Lennon – lead vocal (verses), acoustic guitar, piano (final chord)
Paul McCartney – lead vocal (middle-eight), piano (throughout and final chord), bass guitar
George Harrison – maracas
Ringo Starr – drums, congas, piano (final chord)
Production
George Martin – producer and harmonium (final chord)
Geoff Emerick – engineering and mixing
Arrangements
Orchestrated by George Martin
Conducted by George Martin (with Paul McCartney)
Additional musicians
Mal Evans – alarm clock, counting, piano (final chord)
John Marson – harp
Erich Gruenberg, Granville Jones, Bill Monro, Jurgen Hess, Hans Geiger, D. Bradley, Lionel Bentley, David McCallum, Donald Weekes, Henry Datyner, Sidney Sax, Ernest Scott, Carlos Villa – violin

John Underwood, Gwynne Edwards, Bernard Davis, John Meek – viola
Francisco Gabarro, Dennis Vigay, Alan Delziel, Alex Nifosi – cello
Cyril Mac Arther, Gordon Pearce – double bass
Roger Lord – oboe
Basil Tschaikov, Jack Brymer – clarinet
N. Fawcett, Alfred Waters – bassoon
Clifford Seville, David Sandeman – flute
Alan Civil, Neil Sanders – french horn
David Mason, Monty Montgomery, Harold Jackson – trumpet
Raymond Brown, Raymond Premru, T. Moore – trombone
Michael Barnes – tuba
Tristan Fry – timpani[115]
Marijke Koger – tambourine[47]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ When asked about "Good Vibrations" in 1990, McCartney responded: "I thought it was a great record. It didn't quite have the emotional thing that Pet Sounds had for me. I've often played Pet Sounds and cried. It's that kind of an album for me."[10]

Jump up ^ While McCartney remembered writing the lyric "I'd love to turn you on" with Lennon, Lennon, in his 1980 Playboy interview with David Sheff, credited it as being McCartney's alone, stating, "Paul's contribution was the beautiful little lick in the song, 'I'd love to turn you on' that he'd had floating around in his head and he couldn't use for anything. I thought it was a damn good piece of work."[21] This is confirmed by Lennon's April 1972 Hit Parader interview, in which he had stated: "I think Paul wrote 'I'd love to turn you on.'"[22]

Jump up ^ When the song was banned by the BBC, Lennon and McCartney denied that there were drug references and publicly complained about the ban at a dinner party at the home of their manager, Brian Epstein, celebrating their album. Lennon said that the song was simply about "a crash and its victim", and called the line in question "the most innocent of phrases".[25] McCartney later said, "This was the only one in the album written as a deliberate provocation. A stick-that-in-your-pipe ... But what we want is to turn you on to the truth rather than pot."[26]

Jump up ^ George Martin, the Beatles' producer, later said that editing it out would have been unfeasible in any case.[37]

Jump up ^ Although the special did not take place, portions of the film appear on the Beatles Anthology DVD[55] and in the "A Day in the Life" clip included in the three-disc versions of the Beatles' 2015 video compilation 1.[56][57]

Jump up ^ According to Tony Bramwell, the BBC ban also led to the film from the orchestral session never being completed.[47] The party aspect of that session was soon reprised by the Beatles when they filmed their performance of "All You Need Is Love" for the Our World satellite broadcast.[47][80]

Jump up ^ When Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was released in South Asia, Malaysia and Hong Kong, "A Day in the Life" "With a Little Help from My Friends" and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" were excluded because of supposed drug references.[82]

tag: ol


document_title: Command key

question_text: what is the command button on windows keyboard

text: Command key

text: History[edit]

text: Apple's computers up through the 1979 Apple II Plus did not have a command key. The first model on which it appeared was the 1980 Apple III, where there are two monochrome Apple keys, both to the left of the space bar on the lowest row of the keyboard. Two other early Apple computers, the 1982 Apple IIe and the 1984 Apple IIc, also had two such keys, one to the left and one to the right of the space bar; in these models, they mapped to the first two fire buttons of an attached joystick. This allowed for flexible combinations of a modifier key and base key (such as Open-Apple with C for Copy) with just a few extra wires and no ROM changes, since the Apple II could only register one key press at a time (Shift and Control keys were handled in the keyboard encoding hardware which generated ASCII codes). In all these cases, the left Apple key had an outlined "open" Apple logo, and the one on the right had an opaque, "closed" or "solid" Apple logo key. The Apple Lisa had only the closed Apple logo.

text: When the Macintosh was introduced in 1984, the keyboard had a single command key with a Looped square symbol (⌘, U+2318), because Steve Jobs said that showing the Apple logo throughout the menus as a keyboard shortcut was "taking [it] in vain".[2] Thus, the ⌘ symbol appears in the Macintosh menus as the primary modifier key symbol. The original Macintosh also had an Option key which was used primarily for entering extended characters.

text: In 1986, the Apple IIGS was introduced. Like the newer Macintosh computers to come, such as the Macintosh SE, it used the Apple Desktop Bus for its keyboard and mouse. However, it was still an Apple II. Apple changed the keys on the IIGS's keyboard to Command and Option, as on Mac keyboards, but added an open-Apple to the Command key, for consistency with applications for previous Apple II generations. (The Option key did not have a closed-Apple, probably because Apple II applications used the closed-Apple key much more rarely than the open-Apple key; thus there was less need to keep it around.) Because any ADB keyboard could be used with the IIGS, all of Apple's ADB keyboards — even those intended for the Mac — also required the open-Apple, and it stuck for more than twenty years, causing confusion long after the Apple II series went out of production.

text: The Apple symbol was removed in the keyboard's 2007 redesign, making room for the key's name to appear. The word "command" is now printed on the key.

text: NeXT[edit]

text: On the keyboard of the NeXT Computer that key was marked Command in green. The menus were not marked with a symbol denoting the command key.

text: Besides being used as a modifier key for keyboard shortcuts it was also used to alter the function of some keys. Command+⇧ Shift toggles alpha lock, Command+Return sends Enter and Command+🔉Volume-down toggles Mute.[3]

text: The functions were printed in green on the front side of the modified keys. This was also done on the Z, X, C and V keys (Undo, Cut, Copy and Paste)

text: (Left) Command-Alternate-* triggers a non catchable hardware reset thereby hard rebooting the computer. (Contrary to Ctrl+Alt+Del on a PC compatible computer which triggers only a software reset)

text: On the NeXT ADB keyboard, the Command keys were replaced by keys labeled Help and the Command key morphed into a wide Command bar in front of the space bar[4]

text: Function[edit]

text: The purpose of the Command key is to allow the user to enter keyboard commands in applications and in the system. The Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines have always recommended that developers use the Command key (and not the Control or Option keys) for this purpose. A small set of keyboard commands (such as cut and paste, open and save) are standard across nearly all applications, and many other commands are standardized (Find, Show Fonts). If an application needs more shortcuts than can be obtained with the twenty-six letters of the Latin alphabet, double modifiers such as Command+Option are used.

text: One advantage of this scheme, as contrasted with the Microsoft Windows mixed use of the Control and Alt keys, is that the Control key is available for its original purpose: entering control characters in terminal applications. (Indeed, the very first Macintosh lacked a Control key; it was soon added to allow compatible terminal software.)

text: The Macintosh keyboard's other unusual modifier key, the Option key, serves as a modifier both for entering keyboard shortcuts and for typing text — it is used to enter foreign characters, typographical symbols, and other special characters.

text: Origin of the symbol[edit]

text: The ⌘ symbol came into the Macintosh project at a late stage. The development team originally went for their old Apple key, but Steve Jobs found it frustrating when "apples" filled up the Mac's menus next to the key commands, because he felt that this was an over-use of the company logo.[2] He then opted for a different key symbol. With only a few days left before deadline, the team's bitmap artist Susan Kare started researching for the Apple logo's successor. She was browsing through a symbol dictionary when she came across the cloverleaf-like symbol, commonly used in Nordic countries as an indicator of cultural locations and places of interest[5] (it is the official road sign for tourist attraction in Denmark, Finland,[6] Iceland,[7] Norway,[8] and Sweden,[9] and the computer key has often been called Fornminne — ancient monument — by Swedish Mac users[10] and Seværdighedstegn by Danish users). When she showed it to the rest of the team, everyone liked it, and so it became the symbol of the 1984 Macintosh command key.[11] Susan Kare states that it has since been told to her that the symbol had been picked for its Scandinavian usage due to its resembling the shape of a square castle with round corner towers as seen from above looking down, notably Borgholm Castle.[12]

text: The symbol was included in the original Macintosh font Chicago, and could be inserted by typing a control q key combination.[13]

text: In Unicode and HTML it is encoded, respectively, as U+2318 ⌘ Place of interest sign (HTML ⌘).[14][15][16]

text: On other keyboards[edit]

text: On USB keyboards, the Command keys are mapped to standard keycodes reserved for GUI functions.[17]

text: On a keyboard made with the Microsoft Windows logo, the Windows keys are identical in function to the Mac Command keys, as is the [[Meta key|◆ Meta]] key on a Sun or another Unix-oriented keyboard.[18] Conversely, when an Apple USB keyboard is used with other operating systems, the Command keys function as Windows keys or Meta keys.

text: On a Windows keyboard the position of the ⊞ Win and Alt keys are swapped compared to the position of Alt and ⌘ Command keys on an Apple keyboard. In macOS this can be configured in the keyboard preferences (Modifier Keys ...) so that the Windows Alt key (next to the space bar) becomes the Mac ⌘ Command key and vice versa so that users do not have to change their Motor learning. All the modifier keys, along with the ⇪ Caps Lock, can be remapped to whichever modifier key function the user wishes, so users of traditional Unix style keyboards may choose to use the ⇪ Caps Lock key as a ⌘ Command key or other modifier. Windows does not provide such a configuration option.


document_title: List of lakes of Canada

question_text: what is the name of the largest lake in canada

text: List of lakes of Canada

text: Canada's largest lakes[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Canada with an area larger than 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi).[2][3][4][5]

text:
Canadian lakes larger than 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi)

Rank

CAN Rank

Lake

Area

Notes

1

2

Lake Superior

82,100 km2 (31,700 sq mi)

Ontario 28,700 km2 (11,100 sq mi)/USA 53,400 km2 (20,600 sq mi)

2

1

Lake Huron

59,600 km2 (23,000 sq mi)

Ontario 36,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi)/USA 23,600 km2 (9,100 sq mi)

3

3

Great Bear Lake

31,328 km2 (12,096 sq mi)

Northwest Territories

4

4

Great Slave Lake

28,568 km2 (11,030 sq mi)

Northwest Territories

5

6

Lake Erie

25,700 km2 (9,900 sq mi)

Ontario 12,800 km2 (4,900 sq mi)/USA 12,900 km2 (5,000 sq mi)

6

5

Lake Winnipeg

24,387 km2 (9,416 sq mi)

Manitoba

7

7

Lake Ontario

18,960 km2 (7,320 sq mi)

Ontario 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi)/USA 8,960 km2 (3,460 sq mi)

8

8

Lake Athabasca

7,935 km2 (3,064 sq mi)

Saskatchewan and Alberta

9

9

Reindeer Lake

6,650 km2 (2,570 sq mi)

Saskatchewan and Manitoba

10

10

Smallwood Reservoir

6,527 km2 (2,520 sq mi)

Newfoundland and Labrador

11

11

Nettilling Lake

5,542 km2 (2,140 sq mi)

Nunavut

12

12

Lake Winnipegosis

5,374 km2 (2,075 sq mi)

Manitoba

13

13

Lake Nipigon

4,848 km2 (1,872 sq mi)

Ontario

14

14

Lake Manitoba

4,624 km2 (1,785 sq mi)

Manitoba

15

18

Lake of the Woods

4,350 km2 (1,680 sq mi)

Ontario/Manitoba, Canada [6] 3,149 km2 (1,216 sq mi), USA 1,301 km2 (502 sq mi)

16

15

Caniapiscau Reservoir

4,318 km2 (1,667 sq mi)

Quebec

17

16

Dubawnt Lake

3,833 km2 (1,480 sq mi)

Nunavut

18

17

Amadjuak Lake

3,115 km2 (1,203 sq mi)

Nunavut

19

19

Lake Melville

3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi)

Newfoundland and Labrador (tidal lake)

20

20

Robert-Bourassa Reservoir

2,815 km2 (1,087 sq mi)

Quebec

21

21

Wollaston Lake

2,681 km2 (1,035 sq mi)

Saskatchewan (bifurcation lake)

22

22

La Grande 3 Reservoir

2,536 km2 (979 sq mi)

Quebec

23

23

Lac Mistassini

2,335 km2 (902 sq mi)

Quebec

24

24

Nueltin Lake

2,279 km2 (880 sq mi)

Nunavut

25

25

Southern Indian Lake

2,247 km2 (868 sq mi)

Manitoba

26

26

Manicouagan Reservoir

1,973 km2 (762 sq mi)

Quebec

27

27

Baker Lake

1,887 km2 (729 sq mi)

Nunavut

28

28

Lac La Martre

1,778 km2 (686 sq mi)

Northwest Territories

29

29

Williston Lake

1,761 km2 (680 sq mi)

British Columbia

30

30

Lac Seul

1,657 km2 (640 sq mi)

Ontario

31

31

Gouin Reservoir

1,570 km2 (610 sq mi)

Quebec

32

32

Yathkyed Lake

1,449 km2 (559 sq mi)

Nunavut

33

33

Lake Claire

1,436 km2 (554 sq mi)

Alberta

34

34

Cree Lake

1,434 km2 (554 sq mi)

Saskatchewan

35

35

Lac la Ronge

1,413 km2 (546 sq mi)

Saskatchewan

36

36

Lac a l'Eau-Claire

1,383 km2 (534 sq mi)

Quebec

37

37

Cedar Lake

1,353 km2 (522 sq mi)

Manitoba

38

38

Kasba Lake

1,341 km2 (518 sq mi)

Northwest Territories, Nunavut

39

39

Laforge-1 Reservoir

1,288 km2 (497 sq mi)

Quebec

40

x

Lake Champlain

1,331 km2 (514 sq mi)

Quebec 62 km2 (24 sq mi), USA[7] 1,269 km2 (490 sq mi)

41

40

Lac Bienville

1,249 km2 (482 sq mi)

Quebec

42

41

Island Lake

1,223 km2 (472 sq mi)

Manitoba

43

42

Lesser Slave Lake

1,160 km2 (450 sq mi)

Alberta

44

43

Gods Lake

1,151 km2 (444 sq mi)

Manitoba

45

x

Lake St. Clair

1,114 km2 (430 sq mi)

Ontario [8] 694 km2 (268 sq mi), USA 420 km2 (160 sq mi)

46

44

Aberdeen Lake

1,100 km2 (420 sq mi)

Nunavut

47

45

Bras d'Or Lake

1,099 km2 (424 sq mi)

Nova Scotia (tidal lake)

48

46

Napaktulik Lake

1,080 km2 (420 sq mi)

Nunavut

49

47

MacKay Lake

1,061 km2 (410 sq mi)

Northwest Territories

50

48

Lac Saint-Jean

1,053 km2 (407 sq mi)

Quebec

text: Alberta[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Alberta with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[2][9][10]

text:
Alberta lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Lake Athabasca[2]

7,850 km2 (3,030 sq mi)

213 m (699 ft)

124 m (407 ft)

204 km3 (49 cu mi)

Lake Claire[2]

1,436 km2 (554 sq mi)

213 m (699 ft)

Lesser Slave Lake[11][2]

1,160 km2 (450 sq mi)

578 m (1,896 ft)

20.5 m (67 ft)

13.69 km3 (3.28 cu mi)

Bistcho Lake

426 km2 (164 sq mi)

552 m (1,811 ft)

text: British Columbia[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of British Columbia with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[4]

text:
British Columbia lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Williston Lake

1,761 km2 (680 sq mi)

671 m (2,201 ft)

Nechako Reservoir

890 km2 (340 sq mi)

853 m (2,799 ft)

305 m (1,001 ft)

Atlin Lake

775 km2 (299 sq mi)

668 m (2,192 ft)

Babine Lake

495 km2 (191 sq mi)

711 m (2,333 ft)

Kootenay Lake

407 km2 (157 sq mi)

532 m (1,745 ft)

text: *"Nechako Reservoir". BC Geographical Names.

text: Manitoba[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Manitoba with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[4][2]

text:
Manitoba lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Lake Winnipeg

24,387 km2 (9,416 sq mi)

217 m (712 ft)

36 m (118 ft)

284 km3 (68 cu mi)

Lake Winnipegosis

5,374 km2 (2,075 sq mi)

254 m (833 ft)

18.3 m (60 ft)

19.8 km3 (4.8 cu mi)

Lake Manitoba

4,624 km2 (1,785 sq mi)

248 m (814 ft)

7 m (23 ft)

22.8 km3 (5.5 cu mi)

Southern Indian Lake

2,247 km2 (868 sq mi)

254 m (833 ft)

30 m (98 ft)

23.4 km3 (5.6 cu mi)

Cedar Lake

1,353 km2 (522 sq mi)

253 m (830 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

10.2 km3 (2.4 cu mi)

Island Lake

1,223 km2 (472 sq mi)

227 m (745 ft)

59.4 m (195 ft)

21.8 km3 (5.2 cu mi)

Gods Lake

1,151 km2 (444 sq mi)

178 m (584 ft)

75.3 m (247 ft)

13.8 km3 (3.3 cu mi)

Cross Lake

755 km2 (292 sq mi)

207 m (679 ft)

12 m (39 ft)

0.52 km3 (0.12 cu mi)

Playgreen Lake

657 km2 (254 sq mi)

217 m (712 ft)

18 m (59 ft)

2.76 km3 (0.66 cu mi)

Dauphin Lake

519 km2 (200 sq mi)

260 m (850 ft)

3.4 m (11 ft)

1.29 km3 (0.31 cu mi)

Granville Lake

490 km2 (190 sq mi)

258 m (846 ft)

Sipiwesk Lake

454 km2 (175 sq mi)

183 m (600 ft)

Oxford Lake

401 km2 (155 sq mi)

186 m (610 ft)

Molson Lake

400 km2 (150 sq mi)

221 m (725 ft)

text: New Brunswick[edit]

text: Newfoundland and Labrador[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Newfoundland and Labrador with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).

text:
Newfoundland and Labrador lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Smallwood Reservoir[4]

6,527 km2 (2,520 sq mi)

471 m (1,545 ft)

Lake Melville

3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi)

tidal

Ashuanipi Lake

596 km2 (230 sq mi)

529 m (1,736 ft)

Grand Lake[10]

537 km2 (207 sq mi)

85 m (279 ft)

110 m (360 ft)

Lac Joseph

451 km2 (174 sq mi)

512 m (1,680 ft)

Atikonak Lake

431 km2 (166 sq mi)

518 m (1,699 ft)

text: Northwest Territories[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of the Northwest Territories with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[2][10]

text:
Northwest Territories lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Great Bear Lake

31,328 km2 (12,096 sq mi)

156 m (512 ft)

446 m (1,463 ft)

2,236 km3 (536 cu mi)

Great Slave Lake

28,568 km2 (11,030 sq mi)

156 m (512 ft)

614 m (2,014 ft)

1,580 km3 (380 cu mi)

Lac La Martre

1,776 km2 (686 sq mi)

265 m (869 ft)

Kasba Lake

1,341 km2 (518 sq mi)

336 m (1,102 ft)

MacKay Lake

1,061 km2 (410 sq mi)

431 m (1,414 ft)

Hottah Lake

918 km2 (354 sq mi)

180 m (590 ft)

Aylmer Lake

847 km2 (327 sq mi)

375 m (1,230 ft)

Nonacho Lake

784 km2 (303 sq mi)

354 m (1,161 ft)

Clinton-Colden Lake

737 km2 (285 sq mi)

375 m (1,230 ft)

Selwyn Lake

717 km2 (277 sq mi)

398 m (1,306 ft)

Point Lake

701 km2 (271 sq mi)

375 m (1,230 ft)

Wholdaia Lake

678 km2 (262 sq mi)

364 m (1,194 ft)

Lac de Gras

633 km2 (244 sq mi)

396 m (1,299 ft)

Buffalo Lake

612 km2 (236 sq mi)

265 m (869 ft)

Tathlina Lake

573 km2 (221 sq mi)

280 m (920 ft)

Artillery Lake

551 km2 (213 sq mi)

364 m (1,194 ft)

Snowbird Lake

505 km2 (195 sq mi)

359 m (1,178 ft)

Sambaa K'e

504 km2 (195 sq mi)

503 m (1,650 ft)

Lac des Bois

469 km2 (181 sq mi)

297 m (974 ft)

Colville Lake

455 km2 (176 sq mi)

245 m (804 ft)

Faber Lake

439 km2 (169 sq mi)

213 m (699 ft)

text: Nova Scotia[edit]

text: Bras d'Or Lake is the largest lake in Nova Scotia with an area of 1,099 km2 (424 sq mi). The tidal lake has a maximum length of 100 kilometres (62 mi), a maximum width of 50 kilometres (31 mi) and a maximum depth of 287 m (942 ft).[10]

text: Nunavut[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Nunavut with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[4]

text:
Nunavut lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Nettilling Lake

5,542 km2 (2,140 sq mi)

30 m (98 ft)

132 m (433 ft)

Dubawnt Lake

3,833 km2 (1,480 sq mi)

236 m (774 ft)

Amadjuak Lake

3,115 km2 (1,203 sq mi)

113 m (371 ft)

Nueltin Lake

2,279 km2 (880 sq mi)

278 m (912 ft)

Baker Lake

1,887 km2 (729 sq mi)

2 m (6.6 ft)

Yathkyed Lake

1,449 km2 (559 sq mi)

140 m (460 ft)

Aberdeen Lake

1,100 km2 (420 sq mi)

80 m (260 ft)

Napaktulik Lake

1,080 km2 (420 sq mi)

381 m (1,250 ft)

Garry Lake

976 km2 (377 sq mi)

148 m (486 ft)

Contwoyto Lake

957 km2 (369 sq mi)

564 m (1,850 ft)

Ennadai Lake

681 km2 (263 sq mi)

311 m (1,020 ft)

Tulemalu Lake

668 km2 (258 sq mi)

279 m (915 ft)

Kamilukuak Lake

638 km2 (246 sq mi)

266 m (873 ft)

Kaminak Lake

600 km2 (230 sq mi)

53 m (174 ft)

Ferguson Lake

588 km2 (227 sq mi)

11 m (36 ft)

Tebesjuak Lake

575 km2 (222 sq mi)

146 m (479 ft)

Qamanirjuaq Lake

549 km2 (212 sq mi)

92 m (302 ft)

Lake Hazen

542 km2 (209 sq mi)

158 m (518 ft)

Princess Mary Lake

524 km2 (202 sq mi)

116 m (381 ft)

South Henik Lake

513 km2 (198 sq mi)

184 m (604 ft)

Angikuni Lake

510 km2 (200 sq mi)

257 m (843 ft)

Hall Lake

491 km2 (190 sq mi)

6 m (20 ft)

Tehek Lake

481 km2 (186 sq mi)

133 m (436 ft)

Mallery Lake

479 km2 (185 sq mi)

158 m (518 ft)

MacAlpine Lake

447 km2 (173 sq mi)

176 m (577 ft)

Bluenose Lake

401 km2 (155 sq mi)

557 m (1,827 ft)

text: Ontario[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Ontario with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[2][3][10]

text:
Ontario lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Lake Superior[3]

82,100 km2 (31,700 sq mi)

184 m (604 ft)

406 m (1,332 ft)

12,000 km3 (2,900 cu mi)

Lake Huron[3]

59,600 km2 (23,000 sq mi)

177 m (581 ft)

229 m (751 ft)

3,543 km3 (850 cu mi)

Lake Erie[3]

25,700 km2 (9,900 sq mi)

174 m (571 ft)

64 m (210 ft)

480 km3 (120 cu mi)

Lake Ontario[3]

18,960 km2 (7,320 sq mi)

75 m (246 ft)

244 m (801 ft)

1,640 km3 (390 cu mi)

Lake Nipigon

4,848 km2 (1,872 sq mi)

260 m (850 ft)

54.9 m (180 ft)

248 km3 (59 cu mi)

Lake of the Woods

3,150 km2 (1,220 sq mi)

323 m (1,060 ft)

64 m (210 ft)

Lac Seul

1,657 km2 (640 sq mi)

357 m (1,171 ft)

47.2 m (155 ft)

15 km3 (3.6 cu mi)

Lake St. Clair

1,114 km2 (430 sq mi)

175 m (574 ft)

8.2 m (27 ft)

3.4 km3 (0.82 cu mi)

Rainy Lake

932 km2 (360 sq mi)

338 m (1,109 ft)

50 m (160 ft)

Lake Abitibi

931 km2 (359 sq mi)

265 m (869 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Lake Nipissing

832 km2 (321 sq mi)

196 m (643 ft)

69 m (226 ft)

3.8 km3 (0.91 cu mi)

Lake Simcoe

744 km2 (287 sq mi)

219 m (719 ft)

41 m (135 ft)

11.6 km3 (2.8 cu mi)

Big Trout Lake

661 km2 (255 sq mi)

213 m (699 ft)

39.6 m (130 ft)

Sandy Lake

527 km2 (203 sq mi)

276 m (906 ft)

41.8 m (137 ft)

2.72 km3 (0.65 cu mi)

Lake St. Joseph

493 km2 (190 sq mi)

371 m (1,217 ft)

Trout Lake

413 km2 (159 sq mi)

394 m (1,293 ft)

text: Quebec[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Quebec with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[2][10]

text:
Quebec lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Caniapiscau Reservoir[12]

4,318 km2 (1,667 sq mi)

535 m (1,755 ft)

49 m (161 ft)

53.8 km3 (12.9 cu mi)

Robert-Bourassa Reservoir[12]

2,815 km2 (1,087 sq mi)

175 m (574 ft)

137 m (449 ft)

61.7 km3 (14.8 cu mi)

La Grande-3 Reservoir[13]

2,420 km2 (930 sq mi)

256 m (840 ft)

Lac Mistassini

2,335 km2 (902 sq mi)

372 m (1,220 ft)

Manicouagan Reservoir[12]

1,973 km2 (762 sq mi)

360 m (1,180 ft)

350 m (1,150 ft)

139.8 km3 (33.5 cu mi)

Gouin Reservoir

1,570 km2 (610 sq mi)

404 m (1,325 ft)

Lac a l'Eau-Claire

1,383 km2 (534 sq mi)

241 m (791 ft)

178 m (584 ft)

Laforge-1 Reservoir

1,288 km2 (497 sq mi)

Lake Champlain

1,269 km2 (490 sq mi)

Lac Bienville

1,249 km2 (482 sq mi)

426 m (1,398 ft)

Lac Saint-Jean

1,053 km2 (407 sq mi)

99 m (325 ft)

63.1 m (207 ft)

11.9 km3 (2.9 cu mi)

Opinaca Reservoir

1,040 km2 (400 sq mi)

216 m (709 ft)

Pipmuacan Reservoir

978 km2 (378 sq mi)

396 m (1,299 ft)

13.9 km3 (3.3 cu mi)

Lake Abitibi

931 km2 (359 sq mi)

Lake Minto

761 km2 (294 sq mi)

168 m (551 ft)

Lac Guillaume-Delisle[14]

712 km2 (275 sq mi)

Cabonga Reservoir

677 km2 (261 sq mi)

361 m (1,184 ft)

Outardes-4 Reservoir[12]

625 km2 (241 sq mi)

24.3 km3 (5.8 cu mi)

Eastmain Reservoir

533 km2 (206 sq mi)

130 m (430 ft)

Lake Manouane

584 km2 (225 sq mi)

494 m (1,621 ft)

Lacs des Loups Marins

576 km2 (222 sq mi)

262 m (860 ft)

Lake Evans

547 km2 (211 sq mi)

232 m (761 ft)

Lac Sakami

533 km2 (206 sq mi)

186 m (610 ft)

Lac Payne

533 km2 (206 sq mi)

130 m (430 ft)

Lac aux Feuilles

470 km2 (180 sq mi)

tidal

Lake Albanel

444 km2 (171 sq mi)

389 m (1,276 ft)

Baskatong Reservoir

413 km2 (159 sq mi)

223 m (732 ft)

96 m (315 ft)

Dozois Reservoir

405 km2 (156 sq mi)

389 m (1,276 ft)

text: Saskatchewan[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes of Saskatchewan with an area larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi).[2][4][10]

text:
Saskatchewan lakes larger than 400 km2 (150 sq mi)

Lake

Area (including islands)

Altitude

Depth max.

Volume

Lake Athabasca

7,935 km2 (3,064 sq mi)

213 m (699 ft)

124 m (407 ft)

204 km3 (49 cu mi)

Reindeer Lake

6,650 km2 (2,570 sq mi)

337 m (1,106 ft)

219 m (719 ft)

95.25 km3 (22.85 cu mi)

Wollaston Lake

2,681 km2 (1,035 sq mi)

398 m (1,306 ft)

97 m (318 ft)

39.8 km3 (9.5 cu mi)

Cree Lake

1,434 km2 (554 sq mi)

487 m (1,598 ft)

60 m (200 ft)

17.6 km3 (4.2 cu mi)

Lac la Ronge

1,413 km2 (546 sq mi)

364 m (1,194 ft)

42.1 m (138 ft)

17.6 km3 (4.2 cu mi)

Peter Pond Lake

778 km2 (300 sq mi)

421 m (1,381 ft)

24 m (79 ft)

10.6 km3 (2.5 cu mi)

Doré Lake

640 km2 (250 sq mi)

459 m (1,506 ft)

20.4 m (67 ft)

6.68 km3 (1.60 cu mi)

Churchill Lake[15]

559 km2 (216 sq mi)

421 m (1,381 ft)

24 m (79 ft)

4.88 km3 (1.17 cu mi)

Deschambault Lake[16]

542 km2 (209 sq mi)

324 m (1,063 ft)

22.4 m (73 ft)

3.35 km3 (0.80 cu mi)

Frobisher Lake[17]

516 km2 (199 sq mi)

421 m (1,381 ft)

19 m (62 ft)

2.18 km3 (0.52 cu mi)

Black Lake

464 km2 (179 sq mi)

281 m (922 ft)

Montreal Lake

454 km2 (175 sq mi)

490 m (1,610 ft)

Primrose Lake

448 km2 (173 sq mi)

599 m (1,965 ft)

Amisk Lake

430 km2 (170 sq mi)

294 m (965 ft)

Lake Diefenbaker[18]

430 km2 (170 sq mi)

556.8 m (1,827 ft)

66 m (217 ft)

9.4 km3 (2.3 cu mi)

Pinehouse Lake

404 km2 (156 sq mi)

384 m (1,260 ft)

text: Yukon[edit]

text: Kluane Lake is the largest lake in Yukon at 409 km2 (158 sq mi) located at an elevation of 781 m (2,562 ft)[2]

text: International lakes[edit]

text: This is a list of lakes shared between Canada and the United States.

text:
Lake Champlain in Quebec and New York, Vermont
Lake Erie in Ontario and Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania
Lake Huron in Ontario and Michigan
Lake Memphremagog in Quebec and Vermont
Lake Ontario in Ontario and New York
Osoyoos Lake in British Columbia and Washington
Rainy Lake in Ontario and Minnesota,
Lake St Clair  in Ontario and Michigan
Lake Superior in Ontario and Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin
Waterton Lake in Alberta and Montana
Lake of the Woods in Minnesota, Manitoba and Ontario


document_title: List of Grace and Frankie episodes

question_text: grace and frankie how many episodes in season 4

text: List of Grace and Frankie episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally released113May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)213May 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)313March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)413January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date11"The End"Tate TaylorMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace Hanson and Frankie Bergstein are brought to dinner by their lawyer husbands, Robert and Sol, under the assumption that the men are going to announce they are retiring, but the women are shocked when their husbands reveal they are actually leaving them, for each other, and want to get married now that same-sex marriage is legal.  The men also reveal that they have been having an affair with each other for more than 20 years. The news quickly spreads to their horrified children. Despite their stark personality differences, Grace and Frankie strike up a bond when they both seek escape at the beach house the couples share.
22"The Credit Cards"Scott WinantMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace and Frankie are adjusting to living with each other, but the discovery that Robert and Sol have cut off their credit cards leaves them fuming. Frankie contemplates moving back to her home, since Sol is living with Robert, but eventually decides to stay with Grace at the beach house so they can continue supporting one another. Grace and Robert's daughter Mallory is caught between her parents when she picks up some things from Robert's for Grace, and later she bumps into Frankie and Sol's son, Coyote, with whom she has a troubled history.
33"The Dinner"Bryan GordonNancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-HouseMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Robert and Sol host a dinner party for their children, but they object to having to keep it a secret from Grace and Frankie. Meanwhile, the women have decided to take their minds off the impending divorce by returning to work; unfortunately, Grace and Robert's daughter Brianna, who now operates Grace's cosmetics company, refuses to let her return for fear of being overshadowed, and Frankie's attempt to apply for an art teacher position is derailed due to a misunderstanding. Mallory has to come to terms with being in the same room as Coyote but they eventually decide to put their troubles behind them.
44"The Funeral"Tim KirkbyAlexa JungeMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
When Robert and Sol's law partner dies, both they and Grace and Frankie attend the funeral, which is the first function in which Robert and Sol have are to be an out and about couple together. Frankie is upset when Grace ditches her to spend time with Lydia, Robert's sister, and later Grace fears that Frankie has overheard her say that she is 'stuck with her.'  Robert is surprised to find that he misses Grace almost as much as Sol misses Frankie.
55"The Fall"Betty ThomasBilly FinneganMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Sometime after the funeral, Brianna visits with the intention of having Grace set up an online dating profile, but winds up getting high with Frankie. They convince Grace to take them to get frozen yogurt, where Grace takes a nasty fall and breaks her hip. A series of comical and concerning events follow at the hospital, culminating in Grace's realization of how much Frankie means to her.
66"The Earthquake"Tristram ShapeeroJacquelyn ReingoldMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
A minor earthquake sets off Frankie's seismophobia, prompting Sol to drop everything to comfort her. Frankie questions how things with Sol started, and it is obvious there are still unresolved feelings between them. Grace goes on an online date but takes a face to one of Frankie's troublesome students when the date goes disastrously wrong. Meanwhile, Coyote attempts to give Mallory a gift, but bumps into Mallory's aggressive husband Mitch, who is far from thrilled to see him.
77"The Spelling Bee"Tim KirkbyJulieanne SmolinskiMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie and Sol are both excited to watch the national spelling bee, but are disappointed to find that Grace and Robert aren't interested. Grace is saved from a disastrous date by Guy, an old friend of Robert's who is looking to give up his life of adventure. Brianna gets a dog as an escape from her disastrous dating life, but finds herself with the hots for the dog's foster owner.
88"The Sex"Dennie GordonDavid Budin & Brendan McCarthyMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace is ready to take things to the next level with Guy, but finds herself uncomfortable with the idea of being intimate after years of (not) sleeping with Robert. However, Frankie is on hand with her homemade organic lube. Frankie realizes her friend Jacob is flirting with her. Sol and Robert clear out Brianna's old room but Sol is terrified of Brianna. Bud and Coyote have a brotherly talk.
99"The Invitation"Matt ShakmanBilly FinneganMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie is upset when Grace gets an invitation to Sol and Robert's wedding and she doesn't, but soon realizes that she needs to set boundaries with her ex-husband. Robert discovers Grace and Guy are dating and gatecrashes an afternoon golfing. Looking for a new angle for her business, Brianna discovers Frankie's homemade lube and, after making all her colleagues experiment with it, realizes its potential.
1010"The Elevator"Miguel ArtetaLaura JacqminMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Frankie, Grace, Sol, Robert and Bud become trapped in an elevator after signing their divorce papers, and remember a pivotal weekend spent at the beach house five years previously. Sol and Robert attempt to tell Grace and Frankie about their affair but are interrupted by the arrival of the kids, including a heavily pregnant Mallory and a Coyote in the height of his drug addiction. As events escalate, Mallory gives birth, Grace decides Brianna should take over her business, and Bud discovers his father's relationship with Robert but decides to keep quiet.
1111"The Secrets"Andrew McCarthyNancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-HouseMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Grace is thrown when coming face to face with the student of Frankie's who she kissed during the earthquake, and confides in Frankie, but is upset when Frankie tells Sol, who tells Robert, and then Guy finds out. Sol is furious to discover that Robert slept with another man 10 years ago when they had stopped seeing each other. Brianna gets closer with her co-worker but their date is gatecrashed by Coyote and Bud.
1212"The Bachelor Party"Julie Anne RobinsonJacquelyn ReingoldMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
Coyote and Bud enlist Brianna and Mallory's help with arranging a bachelor party for Robert and Sol but there are differing opinions on what they would like. Things get worse when Robert's conservative old boss arrives. Grace and Frankie hit the town for a "yes night" in an attempt to cheer Frankie up during her Sol purge.
1313"The Vows"Dean ParisotMarta Kauffman & Howard J. Morris & Alexa JungeMay 8, 2015 (2015-05-08)
It's the week before Robert and Sol's wedding, and Robert is struggling to write vows that match Sol's natural emotive words. Frankie is forced to break her purge from Sol to help him clear out their old house, but old memories reemerge and they end up sleeping with each other. Grace is furious with Sol when she finds out and orders him to tell Robert. She comforts Frankie, who finally recognizes her marriage is over. Meanwhile, Grace realizes she needs to break up with Guy, but runs into unexpected difficulties in doing so. The episode ends with Grace and Frankie walking down the beach together wrapped in a blanket comforting each other and Sol going home, but it's not clear whether he tells Robert.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date141"The Wish"Dean ParisotMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Robert is rushed to hospital after having a heart attack, stopping Sol's plans to tell him about his affair with Frankie. With life-threatening surgery looming, Robert convinces Sol to marry him, and Grace and Frankie are forced to help, despite their own guilt about the infidelity. It's not long before the children find out as well. Mallory reveals some big news.
152"The Vitamix"Rebecca AsherAlexa JungeMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace and Frankie agree to go to Robert and Sol's house ahead of them coming home, but it brings up bitter memories for both of them. Brianna, Mallory and Bud help Sol deal with Robert's health insurance, while Mallory breaks the news to her father that she is pregnant with twins.
163"The Negotiation"Trent O'DonnellBilly FinneganMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Negotiations between Frankie and Brianna over her Yam lube get tough, while Frankie also reconnects with her former flame Jacob. Grace competes with her rival granny for Mallory's children's affection.
174"The Road Trip"Arlene SanfordNancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-HouseMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie convinces Grace to track down her former flame, Phil, who Grace had an affair with many years earlier. However, the reunion doesn't go well. Sol is racked with guilt as he continues to lie to Robert.
185"The Test"Andy AckermanJohn HoffmanMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie struggles with trying and failing to pass her driving test. Grace attempts to reconnect with old friends, but realizes that she has moved on from that part of her life now.
196"The Chicken"Jann TurnerJulie DurkMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Unable to keep his lie any longer, Sol admits to Robert that he slept with Frankie, and the latter furiously throws his new husband out. Grace coaches a young bartender in trying to get her a job at Brianna's business. Frankie is conflicted over Jacob's desire for romance.
207"The Boar"Michael ShowalterJulieanne SmolinskiMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
When Sol turns up at the beach house having been kicked out by Robert, Frankie instead turns to Jacob and opens up about how she feels. Grace is panicked when she gets a message from Phil, despite their bad reunion.
218"The Anchor"Melanie MayronDavid Budin & Brendan McCarthyMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Frankie takes a furious stand against Brianna and her non-eco-friendly plans for her Yam lube. Phil and Grace go for lunch, but he drops the bombshell that he is still married, though his wife is very ill. Robert continues to reject a despairing Sol.
229"The Goodbyes"Jason EnslerNancy Fichman & Jennifer Hoppe-HouseMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Coyote's birth mother arrives in town, and a family lunch with Frankie and Sol goes disastrously wrong. Grace is adamant she can't be with a married Phil, but her desire gets the better of her. Robert meets a new friend at the dog park.
2310"The Loophole"Lee RoseBilly FinneganMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace and Phil enjoy a passionate night together, but complications arise as his wife goes missing. When Grace is forced to face the woman she has betrayed more than once, it becomes too much for her and she ends things. Sol and Robert square off against each other when they get involved in Frankie and Brianna's lube battle.
2411"The Bender"Alex HardcastleBrooke Wied & Alex BurnettMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace goes on a massive bender after her painful breakup with Phil, and crosses a line when Frankie tries to help her. Coyote and Bud meet Jacob. Frankie is reunited with Babe, an old friend, but she drops a bombshell; she has terminal cancer. Robert and Sol discuss how to move forward now that they are back together.
2512"The Party"Wendey StanzlerAlexa JungeMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Grace is shocked when Frankie reveals Babe has asked her to help her die after a party to end all parties. Can a dying Babe reunite the warring women? Sol and Robert decide to sell their house to start afresh.
2613"The Coup"Rebecca AsherMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMay 6, 2016 (2016-05-06)
Gifts from a departed Babe prompt Grace and Frankie to reevaluate their lives. After a disastrous birthday party for Bud when they are once again faced with their ex-husbands' incompetence, they announce they are going into business making vibrators - much to the horror of their children.

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date271"The Art Show"Marta KauffmanMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie have trouble applying for a business loan.  Robert and Sol provide a tour of their new house to their children.  Frankie is nervous that her paintings will not sell from her art show.  Sol shows up at Frankie's art show, with Frankie less than pleased. Bud brings his new date to the art show, and his siblings make fun of her eccentricity.  Brianna and Barry discuss their own intentions and interpretations of their relationship.  A special guest also shows up to Frankie's art show.
282"The Incubator"Arlene SanfordBilly FinneganMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie head to a business incubator in an attempt to get funding for their new venture.  However, Frankie  obtains the funding from an unknown source.  Robert and Sol ponder the thought of retirement.
293"The Focus Group"Ken WhittinghamWil CalhounMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Robert and Sol have conflicting ideas about retirement.  Both are persuaded to audition for a local play, with mixed results.  Grace and Frankie host an open house to introduce their product, but they come across a particular clientele.
304"The Burglary"Alex HardcastleBrendan McCarthy & David BudinMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie come home from a night out, only to find they have been robbed.  The ladies take a class to better protect themselves.  Sol is upset that he is not invited to happy hour with Robert and his theater friends.  Robert compromises and hosts an awkward happy hour at their home.
315"The Gun"Rebecca AsherJulie DurkMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Frankie learns the truth about Grace owning a gun.  Sharing her displeasure, Frankie wants the gun removed from the house.  Robert discusses his plans of coming out to his mother.  Mallory and Brianna go out clubbing, and Brianna picks up a guy.  Grace finds out the truth about the source of their business venture.
326"The Pot"Andy AckermanJulieanne SmolinskiMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace is upset at Brianna over providing the business loan to Frankie.  Frankie and Coyote barge in on Bud and Allison.  Robert and Sol attempt to have an intimate night together, but Robert is haunted by his mother.  Grace and Frankie's children reunite the women to try and patch things up between the two.
337"The Floor"Rebecca AsherAlexa JungeMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Coyote informs Bud that he is looking for a place of his own.  Grace and Frankie injure themselves and put their business meeting in jeopardy.  Robert discusses the vision of his mother with Sol and his friend John.
348"The Alert"Melanie MayronJohn HoffmanMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace and Frankie are excited about the website launch for their new product.  Bud brings a questionable gift to Grace and Frankie, after their recent injury.  Grace and Frankie conduct a business meeting with one of Grace's longtime friends.  Brianna and Mallory have dinner out, and they encounter Brianna's escort.  Brianna finds out more about her escort's personal life.  Sol and his secretary have a more in depth talk about retirement, only to find out it's more of a two-way conversation about the subject at hand.
359"The Apology"Ken WhittinghamAlex Kavallierou & Sara LohmanMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Robert and Sol begin to enjoy their retirement together with various activities.  Robert gets news about his mother.  Frankie entertains Jacob by cooking dinner. Jacob shares news about his future plans, which upsets Frankie.  Brianna and Mallory discuss the reason why Mallory cancelled her getaway vacation with Mitch.
3610"The Labels"Arlene SanfordAlex Burnett & Brooke WiedMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Coyote celebrates his sobriety birthday with his family present. Allison brings over a surprise to Bud to enhance their relationship.  Grace and Frankie's business is taking off, and they recruit their ex-husbands for assistance.    The ladies encounter a possible competitor on the market.  Frankie is nervous when it comes to telling Grace about going to Santa Fe with Jacob in the future.
3711"The Other Vibrator"Rebecca AsherBilly FinneganMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace is not handling Frankie's revelation well. Robert and Sol each encounter an anti-LGBT protest outside the theater where Robert is performing.  However, each has a different experience.  Grace is going to meet with a business competitor who she feels is trying to rip off her product.  Robert is nervous over opening night.  Frankie accuses Grace of moving on without her, and before she can share all her thoughts, she is unable to speak.
3812"The Musical"Arlene SanfordWil CalhounMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Opening night has arrived for Robert's theater performance, but the protestors make their way inside to disrupt the show.  However, Frankie's medical episode has caused her family to leave during the show.  Frankie eventually goes to the hospital where she learns her diagnosis.  Allison reveals some surprising news to Bud.
3913"The Sign"Rebecca AsherMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisMarch 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
Grace shares her concerns to Frankie about her health.  Grace receives news that she's being served from her competitor, but she finds an ulterior motive behind the papers.  Robert and Sol have conflicting ideas about handling anti-LGBT protestors.  Brianna travels to Baltimore to win back her ex Barry.  Frankie makes a decision about moving to Santa Fe with Jacob.  Mallory announces her separation from Mitch.

text: Season 4 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date401"The Lodger"Alex HardcastleMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Frankie returns from Santa Fe to find Grace lodging with manicurist Sheree (Lisa Kudrow). Sol is upset when Robert wants to stop attending rallies for gay rights with him. Bud and Allison throw a party to find out the sex of their unborn child.
412"The Scavengender Hunt"Ken WhittinghamMarta Kauffman & Howard J. MorrisJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Frankie admits how unhappy she is in Santa Fe as her jealousy towards Sheree concerns Grace. A 'scavengender' hunt to find out the sex of Bud's baby goes awry.
423"The Tappys"Rebecca AsherBilly FinneganJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace and Frankie break into Sheree's former home to help prove her claim of ownership. Sol encourages Robert to use an award acceptance speech as a platform for activism.
434"The Expiration Date"Alex HardcastleJohn HoffmanJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace has to deal with her newfound relationship with Nick. Frankie goes to the bank and has an unpleasant surprise.
445"The Pop-Ups"Rebecca AsherJulia DurkJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Declared legally dead, Frankie begins to think about where her life has taken her. Grace worries about how her age might affect her relationship with Nick, with surprising results. When Sol and Robert meet their eccentric next door neighbors, they disagree about the best course of action.
456"The Hinge"Ken WhittinghamJulieanne SmolinskiJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
467"The Landline"Randall Keenan WinstonMichael Platt & Barry SafchikJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Sol and Frankie team up to try and get Frankie declared "undead" as Grace faces some realities about herself and her life after attending a friend's funeral with Robert.
478"The Lockdown"Gail LernerDavid Budin & Brendan McCarthyJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
After multiple false alarms, Allison decides to have an at home water birth and wants Frankie (to Bud's horror) to deliver the baby. Robert and Sol agree to let Grace stay with them while she recovers from knee surgery. The past is confronted when the former couples (along with Robert and Sol's new neighbors) are forced into lockdown when a local zoo orangutan escapes.
489"The Knee"Rebecca AsherGretchen EndersJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
Grace undergoes knee surgery and Nick wants to show her his ability to care for people in need. Frankie is enjoying her new role as a grandmother, but Jacob is feeling tired of coming in second in her life and makes a startling revelation.
4910"The Death Stick"Ken WhittinghamBrooke WiedJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
5011"The Tub"Rebecca AsherAlex BurnettJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
5112"The Rats"Alan PoulSara Lohman & Alex KavallierouJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
5213"The Home"Marta KauffmanMelissa DiNicola & Billy FinneganJanuary 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)