document_title: Tangled

question_text: who are the voices in the movie tangled

question_tokens: who are the voices in the movie tangled

text: Tangled

text: Plot[edit]

text: Long ago, a drop of sunlight became a flower capable of healing illness, decay, and injury. For hundreds of years, the flower is used by Mother Gothel to retain her youth, until soldiers from a nearby kingdom, Corona, take the flower to heal their ailing queen. Shortly afterwards, the Queen gives birth to Princess Rapunzel. While attempting to recover the flower, Gothel discovers Rapunzel's golden hair contains the flower's healing properties, and that cutting her hair destroys its power. Gothel abducts the baby and raises her as her own daughter in an isolated tower. Once a year, the King and Queen release sky lanterns on Rapunzel's birthday, hoping for their daughter to see them and return to her awaiting birth parents.

text: On the eve of her 18th birthday, Rapunzel requests to leave the tower and discover the source of the lanterns, but Gothel refuses, claiming that the outside world is a dangerous place. Rapunzel then asks for a special paint that will take Gothel three days' round trip to obtain and return, and Gothel accepts. Meanwhile, a thief called Flynn Rider steals Rapunzel's crown from the palace and inadvertently discovers the tower after ditching his allies, the Stabbington brothers, during a chase between them and palace guards. Rapunzel captures Flynn then finds and hides the crown, but is unaware of its significance. She convinces a reluctant Flynn to escort her to see the lanterns in exchange for the return of the crown, as a way to prove to Gothel that she can take care of herself in the "dangerous" outside world.

text: Flynn takes Rapunzel to the Snuggly Duckling, a pub filled with frightening thugs, but who instead are charmed by Rapunzel's innocence. Royal soldiers led by one of the royal army's horses, Maximus, arrive in search of Flynn. Rapunzel and Flynn escape but are then trapped in a flooding cave. Resigned to his fate, Flynn reveals his real name: Eugene Fitzherbert. Rapunzel remembers that her hair glows when she sings, and this is their key to escape. Her hair provides enough light to find a way out of the cave. Eugene and Rapunzel take refuge in a forest where Gothel, now in league with the Stabbingtons, gives the crown to Rapunzel and suggests using it to challenge Eugene's interest in her.

text: Maximus finds the pair and tries to arrest Flynn, but Rapunzel arranges a truce in honor of her birthday. The group reaches the kingdom and enjoys the festivities, culminating in an evening cruise as the lanterns are released. There, Rapunzel gives Eugene the crown and after fulfilling her dream of seeing the lanterns in person, Rapunzel and Eugene realize they have fallen in love with each other and attempt to kiss until he sees the Stabbingtons on the shore. Eugene leaves Rapunzel and intends to hand them the crown. Instead, the brothers tie Eugene onto a boat and confront Rapunzel, lying that Eugene escaped with the crown. Gothel staged a rescue by betraying the brothers and returns with Rapunzel as Eugene and the Stabbingtons are detained.

text: Back at the tower, Rapunzel recognizes the symbol of the kingdom, which she had incorporated into her paintings over the years. Realizing that she is the long-lost princess, she confronts Gothel. As Eugene is sentenced to death, the Duckling regulars help him escape. He is then carried back to Gothel's tower on Maximus. Eugene enters by climbing Rapunzel's hair, only to find Rapunzel bound and gagged. Gothel stabs Eugene and attempts to relocate with Rapunzel, but Rapunzel agrees to lifelong captivity if she is allowed to heal Eugene. As Eugene slowly dies, he instead slices off Rapunzel's hair, destroying its magic (turning brown) and causing Gothel's age to catch up with her. She then trips and falls out of the window of the tower, turning into dust in the process.

text: A heartbroken Rapunzel mourns for Eugene. However, her tear, which still contains a bit of the sun's power, lands on his cheek and restores Eugene's life. The two return to the kingdom and Rapunzel reunites with her parents. Overjoyed, the kingdom breaks out in celebration, and Eugene is pardoned for his crimes. Rapunzel and Eugene eventually marry.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Mandy Moore as Rapunzel[8][9]
Delaney Rose Stein as young Rapunzel[10]
Zachary Levi as Flynn Rider[8][9]
Donna Murphy as Mother Gothel[11]
Brad Garrett as Hook Hand Thug[10]
Ron Perlman as Stabbington brother[10]
Jeffrey Tambor as Big Nose Thug[10]
Richard Kiel as Vlad[10]
M. C. Gainey as Captain of the Guard[10]
Paul F. Tompkins as Short Thug[10]

text: Non-speaking animal characters include Rapunzel's pet chameleon Pascal, and Maximus, the horse of the head of the palace guard. Other non-speaking roles include Rapunzel's parents (the King and Queen of Corona), the other Stabbington brother, and Ulf the Mime Thug.

text: Development[edit]

text: Origins and conception[edit]

text: Glen Keane, the film's original director, first began working on the story for what became Tangled about 14 years prior to its release, then directed the film's development from 2002 to 2008.[12] In October 2003, the film was announced as Rapunzel Unbraided,[13][14] as a computer animated feature scheduled for a 2007 release[13][15] which Keane described as "a Shrek-like version of the film"[16] that revolved around an entirely different concept. Keane said of the original plot, "It was a fun, wonderful, witty version and we had a couple of great writers. But in my heart of hearts I believed there was something much more sincere and genuine to get out of the story, so we set it aside and went back to the roots of the original fairy tale."[17]  In November 2005, Unbraided was pushed back to a summer 2009 release in order to give Keane "more time to work on the story."[18] According to Ed Catmull, at one point Michael Eisner himself had proposed using modern-day San Francisco as the initial setting at the start of the film and then somehow transporting the heroine into a fairy tale world, but Keane could not make that idea work.[19]  The film was shut down about a week before Catmull and John Lasseter were placed in charge of the studio in January 2006, and one of their first decisions was to restart the project and ask Keane to keep going with the film.[19] It had originally been announced in April 2007 that Annie-nominated animator and story artist Dean Wellins would be co-directing the film alongside Glen Keane.[20] On October 9, 2008, it was reported that Keane and Wellins had stepped down as directors due to other commitments, and were replaced by the team of Byron Howard and Nathan Greno, director and storyboard director, respectively, of Disney's 2008 animated feature Bolt. Keane stayed on as an executive producer and animation supervisor, while Wellins moved on to developing other short and feature films.[21] After the film's release, Keane revealed that he had "stepped back" from the role of director because of a heart attack in 2008.[12]

text: Writing and character development[edit]

text: When asked about the character of Rapunzel, Mandy Moore said that Rapunzel was a relatable character and called her a "Renaissance, bohemian" woman[22] rather than a typical Disney princess:[23] Moore said "[Rapunzel] doesn't know she's a princess [until the end of the film]. She's just really sort of motivated to find out what else is out there beyond this crazy tower she's lived in for 18 years," and that "she's very independent, she can take care of herself, and she's definitely come up with really entertaining ways to keep herself busy."[23] Moore also stated that she herself had little influence on Rapunzel: "The character was developed way before I had anything to do with it."[22]

text: According to Greno, one of the most difficult problems during the development of the film's plot was how to get Rapunzel out of the tower without immediately ending the movie, in that she had thereby escaped Mother Gothel and did not have any other specific objectives to pursue.[24]  At a meeting one day, animator John Ripa floated an idea which turned out to be the solution they had been looking for: the mysterious floating lanterns.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: On September 10, 2009, it was announced that actress and singer-songwriter Mandy Moore had been cast as the voice of Rapunzel, and actor Zachary Levi would provide the voice of Flynn Rider.[8][9][25] Mandy Moore approached the project through auditioning, when she heard that a film about the story of Rapunzel was being made.[22][26] Moore later expressed that she had dreamed to be a Disney princess since she was young and said that with the role of Rapunzel, she had fulfilled her "ultimate childhood dream".[27] She described herself as a "girly fan" of Disney animated films[27] like The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and The Lion King, and that it was an honor for her to be part of this "legacy"—the lineage of such Disney icons.[28] Since the film was going to be a musical, it was required that all auditionees had to read several scenes and perform a song of their choice, to ensure that the voice actors could both act and sing.[29][30] For this singing section, Moore chose "Help Me" by Joni Mitchell,[22] a song that she herself had covered on her fourth studio album, Coverage (2003).[31][32] Moore revealed that she had to attend several audition sessions[28][29] and described the experiences as "pretty fun" but didn't put much hope in getting the part because she believed there would be much competition for this role;[26] she just performed her best without any anxiety.[22] When she received a callback from Disney telling that she got the part, Moore described herself as being "over the moon": "I was working in New York at the time. I was with some friends and my husband—and I screamed as soon as I found out the news."[22]

text: The film reportedly cost more than $260 million to produce.[5]

text: Recording[edit]

text: In Tangled, as with most animated films, all voice actors had to record their dialogue separately from one another to avoid bleeding into each other's tracks.[33] Mandy Moore later recalled that during recording, she had never met Donna Murphy and only met Zachary Levi once when they recorded "I See the Light".[33] Moore thought that this was "a good exercise in employing your imagination".[34] When recording action scenes, the voice actors had to jog a little in place in order to make their voices sound realistic.[34] For the songs, Moore and Levi recorded on a soundstage with a 65-piece orchestra under the supervision of composer Alan Menken. They sang live with the orchestra for several times in order to help everyone "get a vibe" and a feel for the music and the singing, then were asked to go in isolation booths to record the actual tracks.[35][36] In order to aid animators in animating the characters, the filmmakers did interviews with the voice actors and filmed their facial expressions throughout the recording sessions.[34] Disney animated films are usually animated to synchronize with recorded dialogue rather than asking the vocal talent to synchronize their delivery to animation after it is rendered.  Thus, Moore felt that the recording process was challenging because at that time she had no animation to look at except for a few sketches.[22]

text: Due to scheduling conflicts with other projects (Moore had to travel to different places such as London or New York, and Levi could only record on weekends for five hours once every six weeks), they did not necessarily record dialogue in the same order as in the final film. "[When I came in], maybe that sequence or scene had been recorded by Mandy (Moore) already, maybe it hadn't. We'd end up doing the same scene five times, depending," Levi said.[30] After watching the finished film, Moore was disappointed because she felt that her voice sounded "shrill", while Levi thought that his performance sounded "incredibly nasally".[34]

text: Animation[edit]

text: The film was made using computer-generated imagery (CGI), although Tangled was modeled on the traditional look of oil paintings on canvas. The Rococo paintings of French artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard, particularly The Swing, were used as references for the film's artistic style, a style described by Keane as "romantic and lush."[37] To create the impression of a painting, non-photorealistic rendering was used.[38]

text: Glen Keane originally wanted the film to be animated using a traditional 2D animation process. However, Disney executives David Stainton and Dick Cook announced that they would only approve the film for production if it were created using the 3D computer graphics.[39] In response to that demand, Glen Keane held a seminar called "The Best of Both Worlds", where he, with 50 Disney CGI artists and traditional artists, focused on the pros and cons of each style.[40] After the meeting, it was decided that the film would be made in 3D CG animation, but in a way as to become an extension of the traditional 2D Disney "aesthetic", a term which referred to the naturalistic animation that conforms to the fundamental principles of animation as documented by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in the book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation.[39]

text: Due to limitations in computer technology, especially regarding attempts to capture the complexity of a human form, many basic principles of animation used in traditionally animated movies had been absent from earlier CGI films; but technological advancements have made it easier to blend the two, combining the strengths of each style.[38] Keane stated repeatedly he was trying to make the computer "bend its knee to the artist" instead of having the computer dictate the artistic style and look of the film.[13] By making the computer become as "pliable as the pencil", Keane's vision of a "three-dimensional drawing" seemed within reach, with the artist controlling the technology. Many of the techniques and tools that were required to give the film the quality Keane demanded did not exist when the project was started, and Walt Disney Animation Studios had to create them on their own.[37] Keane said, "There’s no photoreal hair. I want luscious hair, and we are inventing new ways of doing that. I want to bring the warmth and intuitive feel of hand-drawn to CGI."[41]

text: One of the main goals of the animators was to create movement that mimicked the soft fluidity of the hand-drawn art found in older Disney animated films. Keane credited Disney 3D animator Kyle Strawitz with helping to combine CGI with the traditional hand-drawn style.[38] "He took the house from Snow White and built it and painted it so it looked like a flat painting that suddenly started to move, and it had dimension and kept all of the soft, round curves of the brushstrokes of watercolor. Kyle helped us get that Fragonard look of that girl on the swing… We are using subsurface scattering and global illumination and all of the latest techniques to pull off convincing human characters and rich environments."[37]

text: Rather than focusing on realism, the 3D team used an aesthetic approach.[38] Robert Newman, the film’s stereoscopic supervisor said that "We’re using depth more artistically than ever before, and we’re not as concerned with the literal transcription of depth between camera and projector as we are the interpretation of it." To do this, they used a new technique called multi-rigging, which is made up of multiple pairs of virtual cameras. Each pair is used individually on each separate element that adds depth to a scene, like background, foreground, and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs. When sandwiched together later in production, the result was something that would be visually impossible in the real world, but which created an appealing look to the film.[42]

text: As a counterpart to the appealing and cute design of Rapunzel,[43] the directors wanted to make Flynn Rider "the most handsome, most attractive male lead Disney has ever had."[44] They held a large "Hot Man Meeting" where they gathered about 30 women from the studio and asked them what they considered attractive in a man.[45] They brought in hundreds of images of their favourite male actors and celebrities, which were torn and pasted back again.[45][46] After much deliberation, his look was eventually narrowed down to one concept drawing.[44][45]

text: Technology development[edit]

text: Existing technology continued to present difficulties: in particular, animating hair turned out to be a challenge. Senior software engineer Kelly Ward spent six years writing programs to make it move the way they wanted.[47] As late as January 2010, the directors were still not sure if the Rapunzel character's length of hair was going to work. These problems were finally solved in March:[48] An improved version of a hair simulation program named Dynamic Wires, originally developed for Bolt, was eventually used. To make hair float believably in water, and to surmount other similar challenges, discrete differential geometry was used to produce the desired effects, freeing the animators from executing these specific tasks directly, which would have taken days instead of minutes.[49]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Tangled: Original SoundtrackSoundtrack album by Various ArtistsReleased
November 16, 2010Recorded
2010Genre
Folk rock, medieval, soundtrackLength
55:39Label
Walt DisneyProducer
Chris Montan, Alan Menken, Scott Cutler, Anne Preven, Frank Wolf, Grace Potter, Mike Daly, Kevin Kliesch[50]Walt Disney Animation Studios chronology

The Princess and the Frog(2009)

Tangled: Original Soundtrack(2010)

Winnie the Pooh(2011)

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingFilmtracks[51]

text: The original score for the film was composed by Alan Menken with lyrics written by Glenn Slater.[52]

text: Menken said he attempted to blend medieval music with 1960s folk rock to create the new songs.[53]

text: Several songs were written, but eventually cut from the final film; "When Will My Life Begin?" replaced an earlier version called "What More Could I Ever Need?". Menken reported that that opening number went through five or six different versions.[54]

text: Elsewhere, Menken reported that there was originally a love song called "You Are My Forever" that Mother Gothel sang to Rapunzel in a motherly way, but was reprised later in the film by Flynn Rider in a romantic way. This idea was apparently replaced with the two songs "Mother Knows Best" and "I See the Light".[55]

text: The song "Something That I Want" performed by Grace Potter from Grace Potter and the Nocturnals is featured in the closing credits. This version features some of the lyrics that were re-written and sung by Potter herself. The Latin American Spanish version of the song, titled "Algo quiero querer", was recorded by Colombian pop-singer, Fanny Lú.[56]

text: The soundtrack peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200, number 7 on the Soundtrack chart, and number 3 on the Kid Albums chart.[57][58][59]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater except track 20 which is written and composed by Grace Potter. All original scores composed by Menken[50].

text: No.TitlePerformersLength1."When Will My Life Begin?"Mandy Moore2:322."When Will My Life Begin? (Reprise 1)[1]"Moore1:033."Mother Knows Best[2]"Donna Murphy3:104."When Will My Life Begin? (Reprise 2)"Moore2:065."I've Got a Dream"Brad Garrett, Jeffrey Tambor, Moore, Zachary Levi, Company3:116."Mother Knows Best (Reprise)"Murphy1:387."I See the Light"Moore, Levi3:448."Healing Incantation"Moore0:549."Flynn Wanted" (Score)Alan Menken2:5110."Prologue" (Score & Song)Menken, Murphy, Delaney Stein2:0211."Horse with No Rider" (Score)Menken1:5712."Escape Route" (Score)Menken1:5713."Campfire" (Score)Menken3:2114."Kingdom Dance" (Score)Menken2:2015."Waiting For the Lights" (Score)Menken2:4716."Return to Mother" (Score)Menken2:0617."Realization and Escape" (Score)Menken5:5018."The Tear Heals" (Score & Song)Menken, Moore7:3719."Kingdom Celebration" (Score)Menken1:5020."Something That I Want"Grace Potter2:43

text: showUK bonus track[60]No.TitlePerformersLength21."I See The Light"Shannon Saunders3:38

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (2010)

Peakposition

US Billboard 200[57]

44

US Billboard Soundtracks[58]

7

US Billboard Kids Albums[59]

3

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Tangled was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment as a four-disc combo pack on March 29, 2011. The combo pack includes a Blu-ray 3D, standard Blu-ray, DVD, and digital copy. A two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack and single DVD are also available. Bonus features for the Blu-ray include deleted scenes, two alternate opening sequences, two extended songs, and an inside look at how the film was made. The DVD includes only the two Original Storybook Openings and the 50th Animated Feature Countdown. 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray was released on June 2, 2015.

text: Sales of Tangled in the US and Canada exceeded $95 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales, the highest-grossing DVD of the year 2011; its home video sales exceeded the film's earnings in its first week in theaters.[63] The film sold a record 2,970,052 units (the equivalent of $44,521,079) in its first week in North America, the largest opening for a 2011 DVD. It dominated for two weeks on the DVD sales chart and sold 6,657,331 units ($102,154,692) as of July 18, 2012.[64] It has also sold 2,518,522 Blu-ray units ($59,220,275) by May 29, 2011.[65] As of January 20, 2016, the film has earned a total of $215 million in home video sales in the United States and Canada ($155 million from DVD sales and $60 million from Blu-ray sales).[64]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Tangled premiered in Paris on November 17, exclusively screening at the Grand Rex theater two weeks in advance of its French wide release.[66] With over 3,800 tickets sold on its opening day, it set a new record for films showing in a single theater.[67] It had a worldwide opening weekend of $86.1 million,[68][69] and reached the summit of the worldwide box office once, on its eleventh weekend (Feb 4–6, 2011), with $24.9 million.[70][71] Tangled earned $200,821,936 in North America, and $390,973,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $591,794,936.[6] It was the third Disney film appearing in the Top 10 films of 2010.[72] As of 2017, it was the sixth-highest-grossing film worldwide produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind Frozen, Zootopia, The Lion King, Big Hero 6, and Moana.[73]

text: Tangled earned $11.9 million on its opening Wednesday,[74] breaking the record for the largest pre-Thanksgiving Wednesday opening, a record previously held by Disney·Pixar's Toy Story 2.[75] In its first weekend of release, it earned $48.8 million (the highest opening for Walt Disney Animation Studios, surpassing The Lion King ($40.9 million), and later surpassed by both Wreck-It Ralph ($49 million) and Frozen ($67.4 million)), placing second for the period behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which earned $49.1 million.[76] Tangled had the sixth-highest opening weekend for a film that did not debut at #1.[77] Over the traditional Wednesday–Sunday Thanksgiving holiday period, it tallied $68.7 million, again finishing in second place.[76] Tangled also marked the second-largest 3-day and 5-day Thanksgiving opening after Toy Story 2.[76] During its second weekend (post-Thanksgiving), Tangled declined 56% to $21.6 million, although it jumped to first place at the box office.[78] With a final gross of $200.8 million, it is the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2010,[79] and the tenth 2010 film to pass the $200 million mark;[80] it was the fourth-slowest film to pass this mark.[81] Unadjusted for inflation, it is the eighth-highest-grossing film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind The Lion King ($422.8 million), Frozen ($400.7 million), Zootopia ($341.3 million), Moana ($248.7 million), Big Hero 6 ($221.3 million), Beauty and the Beast ($219 million), and Aladdin ($217.4 million).[82]

text: On its opening weekend, it earned $17.4 million in eight territories and ranked second for the weekend behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 ($117.3 million).[83] It reached first place at the weekend box office outside North America three times in 2011.[84][85][86] It marked the seventh-highest-grossing 2010 film and the third-highest-grossing 2010 animated film.[87] In Russia and the CIS, it set an opening-weekend record among non-sequel animated films (first surpassed by Rio) and among Walt Disney Animation Studios films (surpassed by Frozen).[88] Its highest-grossing markets outside North America was Germany ($44.2 million), where it is the highest-grossing 2010 animated film,[89] followed by France and the Maghreb region ($39.4 million) and the UK, Ireland and Malta ($32.9 million).[90]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 89% based on 219 reviews and an average score of 7.5/10. The website's critical consensus is: "While far from Disney's greatest film, Tangled is a visually stunning, thoroughly entertaining addition to the studio's classic animated canon."[91] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score based on reviews from mainstream film critics, calculated a score of 71/100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[92] According to CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, the average grade cinemagoers gave Tangled was an "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[93]

text: A. O. Scott of The New York Times positively reviewed the film as "the 50th animated feature from Disney, and its look and spirit convey a modified, updated but nonetheless sincere and unmistakable quality of old-fashioned Disneyness."[94] Time film critic Richard Corliss wrote that Tangled "wades into the DreamWorks style of sitcom gags and anachronistic sass," while praising the film for achieving "the complex mix of romance, comedy, adventure and heart that defines the best Disney features."[95] Corliss included Tangled at 19 in a list of top 25 All-time Best Animated films.[96] Kenneth Turan from the Los Angeles Times awarded the film four stars out of five; he described the film as a "gorgeous computer-animated look that features rich landscapes and characters that look fuller and more lifelike than they have in the past."[97] Sandie Angulo Chen of Common Sense Media gave the film five out of five stars, writing, "Fantastic princess adventure is fun, with great messages."[98] Gael Cooper of NBC News expressed that Tangled may be the best Disney film of all time.[99]

text: James Berardinelli commented on his review website ReelViews that the film is "entertaining and enjoyable, but not groundbreaking." He also stated Rapunzel is "not as memorable as Snow White, Ariel, or Belle" as well as stating "the songs are neither catchy nor memorable."[100] Todd McCarthy, film reviewer for The Hollywood Reporter opened his review with, "It would have been nice if Disney's self-touted 50th animated feature were one of its best, a film that could stand with the studio's classics, but the world will have to make do with Tangled, a passably entertaining hodgepodge of old and new animation techniques, mixed sensibilities and hedged commercial calculations."[101]

text: Music[edit]

text: Music in the film received mixed reviews. Bill Graham from Collider praised them for their variations to the tempo and tone, memorable lyrics, and "blending old with new," However, he also stated that "the film’s constant mixture of tones can feel a bit off-putting for some."[102] Roth Cornet from ScreenRant was positive towards them, saying that "Alan Menken’s music is as catchy, uplifting and effecting as one would expect."[103] Scott of The New York Times positively reviewed the music, saying that it "takes you back to a charmed world of swoony longing and sprightly mischief," with a slick and efficient atmosphere and grace notes of self-conscious classicism.[94] Corliss from Time was also positive to the songs, noting that though "don't sound on first hearing like top-drawer Menken," the songs still "smoothly fill their functions." He described the opener, "When Will My Life Begin?," as the "heroine's 'I wanna' song," a Disney tradition that stretches back to Snow White's "Some Day My Prince Will Come." "I See the Light" was described as "a generically tuneful love ballad, which is sure to be nominated for a Best Song Oscar."[95]

text: James Berardinelli, on the other hand, negatively commented the songs as "neither catchy nor memorable."[100] Tim Robey from The Daily Telegraph gave a negative review, saying that they were only "OK—there’s nothing you want to whistle on the way home."[104] Peter Bradshaw from The Guardian, who gave the movie two out of five stars, described the songs as "sporting a laboured selection of Broadway-style show tunes," and hence are actually added for profit.[105]

text: Title change controversy[edit]

text: When first put into production, the film was promoted as having the title Rapunzel Unbraided, which was later changed to Rapunzel.[106] Disney's previous animated feature The Princess and the Frog in 2009, while being well-received by various critics[107]  and taking in nearly $270 million worldwide was not as successful as Disney had hoped. Catmull would later admit in writing that Disney Animation's faith that The Princess and the Frog's excellent quality would bring in all audiences notwithstanding the word "princess" in the title was their version of "a stupid pill."[108] In order to market the film to both sexes and additional age groups, Disney changed the film's name from Rapunzel to Tangled while also emphasizing Flynn Rider, the film's prominent male character, showing that his story is just as important as Rapunzel's.[109] Disney was criticized for altering the title as a marketing strategy. Floyd Norman, a former Disney and Pixar animator and story artist, said, "The idea of changing the title of a classic like Rapunzel to Tangled is beyond stupid. I'm convinced they'll gain nothing from this except the public seeing Disney as desperately trying to find an audience."[110]

text: Justin Chang of Variety compared it to changing the title of The Little Mermaid to Beached.[111] Writing for the San Francisco Chronicle's blog, Margot Magowan accused Disney of sexism, writing, "Can you imagine if Disney…switched a movie title so it wouldn't risk highlighting a male star? It's awful that this kind of radical gender discrimination exists for our smallest people—little kids who come into this world with huge imaginations and aspirations, big dreams that get squashed by a bunch of billionaire guys who run massive entertainment franchises."[112]

text: On November 24, 2010, the day of the film's release, directors Nathan Greno and Byron Howard disputed reports that the title change was a marketing decision. They said they changed the title from Rapunzel to Tangled because Rapunzel is not the only main character in the film. They went on to say that you cannot call Toy Story "Buzz Lightyear," and they really needed a title that represented what the film is, and that it's a duo, and it stars Rapunzel and Flynn Rider.[113]

text: In March 2014, executive producer John Lasseter explained that Disney had changed the name to improve the film's appeal to the four quadrants: "There was an audience perception that these movies were just for little girls[,] but when boys, men, whatever actually see these movies[,] they like them. So on Rapunzel … we changed the name and we called it Tangled. We did marketing that made the people who would not normally show up say, 'Hey, this looks pretty good.'"[114]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film has been nominated for a number of awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association nominated Tangled for two Golden Globe Awards, for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Song for "I See the Light", but lost to Toy Story 3 and Burlesque, respectively.[115] The film also received two nominations for the Broadcast Film Critics Association in the same categories, though lost to Toy Story 3 and 127 Hours,[116] as well as nominations for two Annie Awards, for Best Animated Feature Film and for Writing in a Feature Production.[117]

text: Tangled was also nominated for two Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards, Best Animated Film and Best Original Song for "I've Got a Dream," which it lost to Toy Story 3 and Burlesque.[118] "I See the Light" has been nominated for Best Original Song at the 83rd Academy Awards, but lost to "We Belong Together" from Toy Story 3.[119] It has also been nominated for 37th Saturn Award for Best Animated Film.[120]

text: Tangled won best 3D scene of the year at the second annual International 3D Society Creative Arts Awards.[121]

text: Tangled was also nominated for favorite film in the British Academy Children Awards for Favorite Film, competing against films like Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Parts 1 & 2, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Cars 2, and Kung Fu Panda 2.[122][123]

text:
Group

Category

Result

83rd Academy Awards[119]

Best Original Song ("I See the Light")

Nominated

38th Annie Awards[117]

Best Animated Feature Film

Writing in a Feature Production (Dan Fogelman)

British Academy Children's Awards (BAFTA)[122][123]

Favourite Film

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010[116]

Best Animated Feature Film

Best Song ("I See the Light")

68th Golden Globe Awards[115]

Best Animated Feature Film

Best Song ("I See the Light")

54th Grammy Awards[124]

Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media

Best Song Written For Visual Media ("I See the Light")

Won

Las Vegas Film Critics Society[125]

Best Song ("I See the Light")

National Movie Awards 2011[126]

Animation

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards[118]

Best Animated Film

Nominated

Best Original Song ("I've Got a Dream")

37th Saturn Awards[120]

Best Animated Film

2011 Teen Choice Awards[127]

Choice Animated Movie Voice (Zachary Levi)

9th Visual Effects Society Awards[128]

Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture (Clay Kaytis, John Kahrs, Glen Keane, Roy Conli)

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture (Tony Smeed, Amy Smeed, Becky Bresee, Kira Lehtomaki for "Rapunzel")

text: Franchise[edit]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on November 23, 2010, for Nintendo DS, Wii, and PC platforms by Disney Interactive Studios.[129]

text: Short film[edit]

text: Tangled Ever After is a short sequel released in 2012. The plot revolves around the wedding of Rapunzel and Flynn Rider. Pascal and Maximus lose the wedding rings and chase after them, causing massive collateral damage along the way.

text: Musical[edit]

text: An abridged stage adaptation entitled Tangled: The Musical premiered on board the Disney Magic of the Disney Cruise Line[130] in November 2015,[131] featuring three new songs written by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater.[132]

text: Television movie and series[edit]

text: Tangled: Before Ever After, a television movie set between the feature film and the short film, aired on March 10, 2017.  It served as an introduction to a continuing television series, Tangled: The Series, later renamed Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure, that started airing on Disney Channel on March 24, 2017.[133]

text: Cancelled feature-length sequel[edit]

text: In December 2014, Tangled's producer, Roy Conli, revealed that the production team had been "heavily pushed" for a feature-length sequel to the film, but when the writers and directors got together to develop one, they realized, "she [sic] cut her hair. It's over!"[134]  Conli explained that at Disney Animation under Lasseter, it is always the filmmakers who decide whether they are ready to make a sequel (not marketing or merchandising).[134] In January 2015, Conli again provided a similar explanation when pressed on this point, and also mentioned that directors Greno and Howard ultimately "weren't really interested" in continuing the story.[135]


document_title: London Stadium

question_text: what was the london olympic stadium built on

question_tokens: what was the london olympic stadium built on

root

text: London Stadium

text: Design and construction[edit]

text: Olympic design[edit]

text: Design brief[edit]

text: During London's bid for the games, promotional materials featured a main stadium with a roof "designed to wrap itself around the venue like muscles supporting the body.",[11] however at that time there had been no formal design brief agreed. While the bidding process was ongoing West Ham had talks[12] with the ODA about contributing to the development of a multi-purpose stadium, should London win the bid.[13] The government preferred to produce a brief for an athletics only stadium which would be largely disassembled after the games with the lower tier remaining in place as a permanent athletics facility to replace the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre. With the original Olympic design finalised and being built, the government had a change of heart and a bidding process for a multi-sport post-Olympic legacy was launched.

tag: p

text: On 13 October 2006, London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games confirmed that it had selected Sir Robert McAlpine and Populous to start exclusive negotiations with, to fulfil the eventual design and build contract of the new Olympic Stadium after no other organisations met the bidding criteria.[14][15] The stadium design was launched on 7 November 2007.

text: Original structure details[edit]

text: The construction of the stadium commenced three months early in May 2008 after the bowl of the stadium had been dug out and the area cleared.[16][17] The building of the stadium was completed in March 2011 reportedly on time and under budget,[18] with the athletics track laid in October 2011.[4]

text: The stadium's track and field arena is excavated out of the soft clay found on the site, around which is permanent seating for 25,000, built using concrete "rakers". The natural slope of the land is incorporated into the design, with warm-up and changing areas dug into a semi-basement position at the lower end. Spectators enter the stadium via a podium level, which is level with the top of the permanent seating bowl. A demountable lightweight steel and pre-cast concrete upper tier was built up from this "bowl" to accommodate a further 55,000 spectators.[19]

text: The stadium is made up of different tiers; during the Games the stadium was able to hold 80,000 spectators. The base tier, which allows for 25,000 seats, is a sunken elliptical bowl that is made up of low-carbon-dioxide concrete; this contains 40 percent less embodied carbon than conventional concrete.[20] The foundation of the base level is 5,000 piles reaching up to 20 metres (66 ft) deep. From there, there is a mixture of driven cast in situ piles, continuous flight auger piles, and vibro concrete columns. The second tier, which holds 55,000 seats, is 315 m (1,033 ft) long, 256 m (840 ft) wide, and 60 m (197 ft) high.[21] The stadium contains just under a quarter of the steel as the Olympic Stadium in Beijing for the 2008 Summer Olympics, approximately 10,700 tonnes (11,800 short tons). In addition to the minimal use of steel, which makes it 75 percent lighter[clarification needed], the stadium also uses high-yield large diameter pipes which were surplus on completion of North Sea Gas pipeline projects in its compression truss, recycled granite, and many of the building products were transported using trains and barges rather than by lorry.[22]

text: A wrap, funded by Dow Chemical Company in return for being able to advertise on the wrap until 26 June 2012, covered the exterior during the Olympics. The wrap was made from polyester and polyethylene, and printed using UV curable inks.[23] The wrap was made of pieces of material that covered 20 metres (66 ft) high and 900 metres (1,000 yd) in length. The final design for the wrap consisted of 2.5-metre-wide (8 ft) fabric panels, twisted at 90-degree angles to allow entry to the stadium at the bottom of the structure, and held in place with tensioned cables.[24][25]

text: To allow for fast on-site assembly, compression truss and roof column connections were bolted; this enabled easy disassembling of the roof structure after the closing ceremonies.[26] The cable-supported roof structure covers approximately two-thirds of the stadium's seating.[27] Reaching 70 metres (230 ft) above the field of play, the stadium roof held 14 lighting towers, or paddles, that collectively contained a total of 532 individual 2 kW floodlight lamps. The lights were first officially switched on in December 2010 by Prime Minister David Cameron and London Mayor Boris Johnson.[28] During the games, the towers were fitted with additional ceremony lighting, and 4 of the 14 towers held large temporary video screens.[29]

text: Stadium interior[edit]

text: The stadium was equipped with a nine lane Mondo 400 metres (1,300 feet) athletics track.[30] The turf in the stadium was grown in Scunthorpe and was a mix of perennial ryegrass, smooth stalk meadow grass and fescue grass seeds. It took 360 rolls of grass to cover the infield and was laid in March 2011.[31] The track was designed by Italian company Mondo, and was their latest version of the Mondotrack FTX.[3][30][32]

text: The stadium's 80,000 seats had a black and white 'fragment' theme that matched the overall branding design used by LOCOG for London 2012. The lines all centred on the finish line in the stadium.[25] The seats were made in Luton and were fitted between May and December 2010.[34] During the Games, the Stadium's grandstands contained a lighting system developed by Tait Technologies that allowed them to function as a giant video screen.  Individual "paddles" containing nine LED pixels each were installed between each seat of the stadium, which were controlled via a central system to display video content wrapped around the stadium. The system was primarily intended for use during the ceremonies of the Olympics and Paralympics – over 70 minutes of animated content were used during the Olympics' opening ceremony.[35]

text: Playing surface[edit]

text: The red Mondo 400-metre athletics track used for the London 2012 games was laid in August 2011, possessed nine lanes, and was 13.5 mm (0.5 in) thick. It used two vulcanised rubber layers, one of which was a cushioning underside with elongated diamond-shaped cells, which allowed them to flex in any direction.[36] During the four London 2012 ceremonies, the track was protected via synthetic covering. For the stadium's transformation, the track was protected from construction work for the 2015 events by covering it with a plastic sheet layer and burying it under 75 cm (30 in) of soil. The Mondotrack surface was removed in early 2016 and a new surface, using 17,000 sqm of the improved Mondotrack/WS,[37] was laid that May. Some of the original running track from (mainly) the home straight was kept so that it could be sold and auctioned to the public, thereby raising money to reinvest into operating the stadium and its neighbouring community track. The grass playing field was lengthened by several metres at either end for the 2015 rugby matches to fit a suitably-sized rugby/football pitch, and was reseeded with a Desso GrassMaster artificial-natural hybrid pitch approved for Premier league matches of 105 by 68 metres (115 by 74 yd), ready for West Ham United, complete with undersoil heating. In football/pitch mode, the pitch is surrounded by artificial turf and carpeting that covers the exposed sections of the running track.

text: Response[edit]

text:
The stadium design received a mixed response from the media, with reviews ranging from "magnificent" to a "bowl of blancmange".[38] The design was promoted as example of "sustainable development", but some architecture critics have questioned both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon – especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. For example, Ellis Woodman, Building Design's architecture critic, said of the design: "The principle of it being dismountable is most welcome... it demonstrates an obvious interest in establishing an economy of means and as such is the antithesis of the 2008 Olympic stadium in Beijing. But while that's an achievement, it's not an architectural achievement. In design terms what we're looking at is pretty underwhelming." He went on to criticise the procurement and design processes – stating of the latter that it should have been subject to an architectural competition.[39] This view was echoed by Tom Dyckhoff, The Times's architecture critic, who described the design as "tragically underwhelming" and commented that the "architecture of the 2008 and 2012 Olympics will, in years to come, be seen by historians as a "cunning indicator of the decline of the West and the rise of the East".[40]
Despite the criticism the Olympic Stadium was nominated for the 2012 Stirling Prize in architecture losing out to the Sainsbury Laboratory at the University of Cambridge.[41][42]

text: Amanda Baillieu writing in Building Design challenged the designer's claims that the stadium is environmentally sustainable and good value for money. Instead, it is asserted that the reality will be the opposite. In particular, she claimed that:

text:
the temporary roof could not be reused to cover the permanent 25,000 seating area – given the difference in size;
it is unlikely that the removed seating would be wanted for any other event e.g. the Glasgow Commonwealth Games; and
the costs involved in dismantling the stadium – and surrounding "pods" – has not been factored into the estimated cost.[43]
The cost of £537 million compared to cost of 1908 Olympic Stadium £60,000 (£5.6 million in 2010).[44]

tag: ul

text: Stadium island[edit]

text: The stadium site is on former industrial land between the River Lea (which rejoins the Navigation below Old Ford Lock), the City Mill River, and the Old Pudding Mill River; parts of the Bow Back Rivers.[45] Another branch of this system, St Thomas' Creek, 200 metres (660 feet) to the south, completes an "island" surrounded by water.[25][46] 200 metres (660 feet) to the east is the Waterworks River; with the London Aquatics Centre on its eastern bank. This "island" site for the stadium lies at the southern end of the Olympic Park.[25] To make room for the stadium, the already partially obstructed Pudding Mill River, a short channel of the Lea which ran from the west side of the stadium south-eastwards across the stadium site, was filled in.

text: Post-Olympic redevelopment[edit]

text: Dennis Hone, chief executive of the LLDC, revealed in November 2012 that the stadium would not meet its reopening deadline of 2014. Instead the stadium would reopen in August 2015 with the stadium retaining a capacity of around 50,000 for athletics.[47] Following the granting, in March 2013, of a 99-year tenancy to West Ham United, the E20 LLP, a joint organisation by the London Legacy Development Corporation and Newham Council were specifically set-up to oversee redevelopment of the stadium into a UEFA Category 4 venue seating 60,000 spectators. The reconfiguration saw work on a new roof, corporate areas, toilets, concessions and retractable seating. West Ham contributed £15 million and Newham Council £40 million for the work to be carried out with the LLDC and the British Government making up the rest.[48][49] Approval was granted for the installation of retractable seating on all sides of the stadium and an 84-metre (92 yd) transparent roof.[50][51]

text: Balfour Beatty were initially contracted to construct the new roof for £41 million; in January 2014 they were awarded a £154 million tender, which includes the earlier contract for the roof, to complete the stadium's transformation works.[52][53][54] Imtech G&H were awarded a £25 million contract to carry out electrical and plumbing work.[55][56] Paul Kelso, working for Sky News, discovered in September 2014 that the cost of the conversion of the stadium may rise by £15 million, due to additional work to strengthen the structure, to allow it to support the new roof.[57] It was revealed neither West Ham United nor the taxpayer would have to meet the additional cost as Balfour Beatty would contribute with the remainder funded from the existing LLDC transformation budget of the Olympic Park.[58] In October 2014, the LLDC contributed a further £35.9 million towards the project with the funding coming from reserves and income generated by other means.[59]

text: Work commenced on 13 August 2013 with the removal of 25,000 seats and the grass from the field of play.[60][61] The athletics track was covered with a 75 cm (30 in) layer of recycled concrete to protect it during the heavy lifting.[62] In November 2013 work commenced to remove the fourteen floodlight panels as part of the £200 million conversion of the stadium.[63] In March 2015 work began on installing the new floodlights. Each floodlight panel is 18 metres (59 ft) tall and weighs 45 tonnes (50 short tons), and will sit 30 metres (98 ft) above the stadium's floor, suspended from the roof rather than sitting on top; in total there are 14 panels. As the floodlight work began, work on a steel halo structure that encircles the stadium, containing 96 turnstiles, catering and toilet facilities, concluded.[64]

text: The black and white seating design from the Olympics, was replaced with a white, blue and claret design. The new design includes West Ham's name on the East Kop Stand and symbolic crossed hammers on all lower tier stands, and the retention of the 2012 shard design on the upper tier, albeit in new colouring to match the Stadium's anchor tenant.[65] Work continued through 2016 to transform the stadium into a home for West Ham, with the club's colours and giant model West Ham shirts added to the stadium concourse.[66] A West Ham store and coffee shop was opened on 23 June.[67]

text: Community track[edit]

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Community track at Queen Elizabeth II Olympic Park.

tag: table

text: Following the demolition of the 2012 warm up track and to comply with IAAF rules requiring a warm up track at Construction Category 1 facilities, a new 6 lane community track (8 lanes on the straights) has been created immediately adjacent to the south of the Olympic Stadium. The track will be home to Newham and Essex Beagles Athletic Club from 2017 and will be open for around 250 days of the year.[68][69][70] The construction of the track was funded by a grant from the London Marathon Trust.[71]

text: History[edit]

text: London 2012[edit]

text: The Olympic Stadium hosted its first public event on 31 March 2012, serving as the finish line for the National Lottery Olympic Park Run. Five thousand participants (including celebrities, British athletes and members of the public who won a draw organised by the National Lottery) took part in a five-mile run around Olympic Park, entering Olympic Stadium to the theme from Chariots of Fire to run the final 300 metres on its track.[8] The stadium hosted two warm-up events for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games as part of the London Prepares series. The venue hosted the British Universities Athletics Championships and the London Disability Grand Prix in May 2012.[72][73] On 6 May around 40,000 people attended an event entitled "2,012 hours to go: an evening of athletics and entertainment".[74] The evening was hosted by Gabby Logan and Vernon Kay, and Jon Culshaw, Mel C, Hugh Bonneville, Chipmunk and Jack Whitehall appeared. Niamh Clarke-Willis, a nine-year-old, was chosen to open the stadium ceremonially.[75] During the London Disability Grand Prix, Paul Blake (T36, 1500 metres), Hannah Cockroft (T34, 100 metres), Michael McKillop (T37, 1500 metres) and Richard Whitehead (T42, 200 metres) all set new world records.[76] The stadium also hosted the athletics events of the British school games.[77][78]

text: The stadium hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies at the 2012 Olympic Games.[79] During the Athletics events of the Olympic Games David Rudisha broke his own world record for the 800 metres to become the first man to run the distance in under 1 minute 41 seconds.[80] In the 4 × 100 metres relay the team from Jamaica also broke their own world record from the 2011 World Championships by two-tenths of a second.[81] The United States women's 4 by 100 metres team beat the previous best set by East Germany in 1985, recording a time of 40.82 seconds to set a new world record.[82][83] Olympic records were set by Usain Bolt, who ran the second fastest 100 metres,[84] Renaud Lavillenie in the Pole vault by 1 cm,[85] Sally Pearson recorded a record time in the 100 metres hurdles and Tatyana Lysenko set a new mark in the Hammer.[86][87]

text: The stadium also hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Paralympic Games.[88][89] Over the course of the Paralympic Games athletics events, world records were set on the track by; Oxana Boturchuk[90] Martina Caironi,[91] Chen Junfei,[92] El Amin Chentouf,[93] China,[94] Libby Clegg,[90] Arnu Fourie,[95] Marie-Amelie le Fur,[92] Terezinha Guilhermina,[91] Mahmoud Khaldi,[92] Samwel Mushai Kimani,[93] Walid Ktila.[96] Liang Yongbin,[94] Rosemary Little,[97] Liu Ping,[98] Liu Wenjun,[94] Gunther Matzinger,[94] Michael McKillop,[95] Mateusz Michalski,[94] Yohansson Nascimento,[99] Oscar Pistorius,[95] David Prince,[94] Evgenii Shvetcov[96] South Africa,[91] Leo Pekka Tahti,[90] Abraham Tarbei,[96] Iurii Tsaruk,[92] Richard Whitehead,[90] Abderrahim Zhiou,[96] Zhu Daqing and Zhou Guohua.[90] Multiple World Records on the track were set by Yunidis Castillo,[94][95] Assia El Hannouni,[92][100] Evan O'Hanlon,[95][101] Jason Smyth,[95][98][102] Fanie van der Merwe and Marlou van Rhijn.[92][94][95][101][103]

text: In the field events, World records were set by Hani Alnakhli,[98] Alexey Ashapatov,[102] Aigars Apinis[104] Lahouari Bahlaz,[98] Mohamed Berrahal,[104] Kelly Cartwright,[105] Yanlong Fu,[106] Leonardo Diaz,[103] Zeljko Dimitrijevic,[97] Tanja Dragic,[105] Najat El Garraa,[102] Javad Hardani,[98] Todd Hodgetts,[98] Jun Wang,[105] Maroua Ibrahmi,[90] Juan Yao,[107] Mohsen Kaedi,[95] Mohammad Khalvandi,[94] Gocha Khugaev,[91] Karolina Kucharczyk,[93] Assunta Legnante,[103] Maciej Lepiato,[94] Liu Fuliang,[95] Drazenko Mitrovic,[103] Azeddine Nouiri,[96] Katarzyna Piekart,[95] Mariia Pomazan,[105] Nikita Prokhorov,[92] Qing Wu,[105] Markus Rehm,[102] Raoua Tlili,[94] Wang Yanzhang,[98] Zhu Pengkai,[91] Oksana Zubkovska.[106] Multiple records were set in the field by Dong Xia,[98][103] Birgit Kober,[92][93] Na Mi,[104] Yang Liwan,[91][95] and Wang Zhiming.[96][106]

text: Post-Olympics use[edit]

text: The decision on how to use the stadium after the Olympics went through two rounds of bidding: the first was rejected[by whom?] on 11 October 2011, after concerns had emerged about European Union competition law and particularly the risk of illegal state aid.[108][109][110][111]

text: First tenancy process[edit]

text: The Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC) set five criteria: that the new tenant should produce a viable long-term solution that provided value for money, secured a partner with the expertise to operate a legacy solution[clarification needed], reopened the stadium as quickly as possible, made the stadium a distinctive physical symbol that supported regeneration, and allowed flexible usage.[112] After receiving and pre-screening over 100 expressions of interest, the formal bidding process of selecting the post-Olympics user of the stadium opened on 18 August 2010. It ran until 30 September, after which the OPLC drew up a shortlist, with a view to selecting a tenant by the end of the financial year (31 March 2011).[113]

text: On 12 November 2010, it was announced that two bids had been shortlisted for the stadium post-Olympics. They were a joint bid from Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), and a second bid from West Ham United F.C. and Newham Council.[114]

text: Bids[edit]

text: The legacy plan for the stadium had involved converting it into a 25,000- to 30,000-seat athletics stadium with a sports training, science and medicine centre after the 2012 Paralympics. Media reports, however, suggested that several potential tenants were interested in moving to the stadium after the games. Media speculation and expressions of interest which did not result in bids included: the England and Wales Cricket Board and Kent County Cricket Club;[115] Middlesex County Cricket Club,[116] Essex County Cricket Club:[117] Wasps RFC;[118][119] Saracens R.F.C.;[120] London Skolars R.L.F.C.; Major League Baseball;[121] the National Football League, which had been looking at the potential of a franchise in London;[122] and Leyton Orient F.C..[123]

text: Bid 1 – AEG and Tottenham Hotspur[edit]

text: These joint bidders had each separately expressed interest in the venue, but submitted a joint bid. AEG is the company that redeveloped the loss-making Millennium Dome exhibition venue in South East London into the profitable music venue The O2.[124] On 26 July 2010, it was rumoured that Tottenham might be interested in taking over the stadium after the Games. The club had plans to build a new stadium adjacent to their current stadium as part of the Northumberland Development Project, but the planning application and funding were proving difficult, making the Olympic Stadium a viable option.[125][126]

text: Bid 2 –  Newham Council and West Ham United[edit]

text: After the acquisition of West Ham United in 2010 by David Gold and David Sullivan, the new owners expressed their desire to make the stadium the club's new home. With Boris Johnson expressing his desire for a football team to take over the stadium after the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics, this seemed the most likely option.[127] At the opening of the formal bid process, West Ham United were considered favourites once they withdrew their initial opposition to keeping the running track, as well as planning a £100 million conversion to create a 60,000 capacity venue, which would also host international football, international athletics, as well as Essex County Cricket Club, international Twenty20 cricket matches, NFL games, and Live Nation events.[128]

text: Decision, review and cancellation[edit]

text: On 11 February 2011, the Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC) unanimously selected West Ham United and Newham Council as the preferred bidders to take over the stadium after the 2012 Games.[129] But Leyton Orient complained that the stadium was too close to their ground and would breach FA rules. They claimed that West Ham's plans could force them into bankruptcy.[130] On 3 March 2011, West Ham United's proposed move to the stadium was approved by the British Government and London Mayor Boris Johnson.[131]

text: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and Leyton Orient F.C. applied for a judicial review to overturn the Olympic Park Legacy Company's (OPLC) decision; however, this appeal was rejected in June 2011.[132] Tottenham Hotspur appealed the decision not to have a review on 29 June 2011.[133] The OPLC announced on 5 July 2011 that an independent review into the awarding of the Olympic Park Stadium to West Ham United was to be carried out following the discovery on 30 June 2011 that an employee, Dionne Knight had been engaged by West Ham United to carry out consultancy work relating to the stadium without permission of the OPLC. Knight had already declared to the OPLC that she was in a personal relationship with a director of West Ham United, and was suspended whilst a possible conflict of interest was investigated.[134] On 22 August 2011, the independent investigation ruled that the process was not compromised and thus the bid process will not be reopened.[135] On 23 August, the day before Tottenham Hotspur were due in court, they staged "intense negotiations" with the office of the Mayor of London, and looked set to drop all claims for a review and be offered funding for their own stadium.[136] However, the next day Tottenham did attend court despite being close to striking a deal about their own stadium. Tottenham and Leyton Orient won a review of the decision, being told that they had an arguable case.[137] The review was scheduled to take place on 18 October 2011. Even if Tottenham abandoned the review, due to being granted a new stadium as part of their Northumberland Development Project, Orient were expected to continue, with its owner Barry Hearn calling the decision to grant a review "a great day for the little man".[138] However, the bid was later cancelled before the review was completed, due to a series of concerns regarding EU laws.[111]

text: Second tenancy process[edit]

text: Once the original deal collapsed a new process to select a tenant was begun. The athletics legacy clause was clarified to ensure that a track remained in the stadium.[139] West Ham immediately announced plans to become tenants of the stadium.[140][141] On 17 October 2011, a day before they were due in court for the judicial review to start into the original bidding process, Tottenham Hotspur ended their legal challenge about the original decision to award the stadium to West Ham United.[142] This marked Spurs' end to their interest in the stadium. On 18 October, Leyton Orient submitted an application to the Football League for permission for a move to the stadium. Chairman Barry Hearn said, "We are asking for a 25,000-seater stadium and we want to see if we can get around the athletics track. It has to stay, we know that. But can we build up, if not down, and see if it's possible to get it covered while we play?".[143]

text: In February 2012, 16 parties were interested in the stadium.[144] In July 2012, four bidders were announced:[145][146]

text:
West Ham United
Intelligent Transport Services, in conjunction with Formula One.
University College of Football Business (UCFB), an affiliate of Bucks New University.
Essex County Cricket Club with the University of East London.[147]

text: In April 2012, the Olympic Park Legacy Company was dismantled and responsibilities transferred to the newly constituted London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC).[148] Daniel Moylan, chairman of the LLDC, was removed by Mayor Boris Johnson on 12 September 2012, after having made changes to the leadership of the organisation that annoyed some Board members. Johnson took on the chairmanship of the co-operation himself.[149]

text: In December 2012, West Ham were named as the preferred bidder for the stadium with a separate operator co-ordinating community and sporting use, as well as concerts and events.[150] Leyton Orient's bid was rejected due to its commercial viability and the bid from Intelligent Transport Services, in conjunction with Formula One, was rejected for having too much speculation and uncertainty in their business plan.[151] However, with so much public money going into the stadium and its redevelopment, the BBC learned that David Gold and David Sullivan must share any profits they make if they sell the club.[152][153] West Ham were given three months to improve the terms of their deal or lose the stadium; with Johnson going with plan B without football.[151] The two parties seemed to find common ground in February 2013, with West Ham, reportedly, agreeing to paying £2.5 million in rent per year. They additionally promised to pay back any extra cost for the roof and seats within ten years.[154][155] Gold stated at the beginning of March that a deal could be complete by the middle of the month.[156] On 22 March 2013, West Ham United secured a 99-year lease deal, with the stadium planned to be used as their home ground from the 2016–2017 season.[157] In July 2013, UK Athletics received a 50-year deal for the use of the stadium.[158] UK Athletics will have access to the stadium every year from the last Friday in June until the end of July.[159]

text: On 6 March, Barry Hearn of Leyton Orient stated that he would mount another legal challenge as he believed the rules set out by the LLDC had not been followed. Hearn also said he felt Leyton Orient's proposed ground share had been ignored and not properly explored.[160][161][162] In April 2013, he was informed that his call for a judicial review had been rejected.[163][164] An oral application was submitted in June 2013.[165] On 19 September 2013, Leyton Orient lost their bid to win a judicial review into the decision to grant West Ham the tenancy of the Olympic Stadium. At the High Court, Mr Justice Lewis said the LLDC was entitled to make the decision which was not "irrational".[166] In November 2013 it was the House of Lords' opinion that Leyton Orient should be allowed occasional use of the stadium, with Lord Harris telling Orient and West Ham to "stop squabbling like children."[167][168][169] Dennis Hone stated that he was in talks with Barry Hearn over occasional usage, but that it would not mean a permanent groundshare.[170] In early December, the LLDC said that there was nothing to stop Orient from negotiating a rental agreement with whichever firm ends up running the stadium. Orient, however, would not be able to negotiate a 99-year deal like West Ham and would only have usage of the stadium when the Hammers are not playing.[171][172] On 1 July 2014, Leyton Orient brought an end to their dispute with the Premier League regarding the future use of the stadium, after a confidential agreement between the two parties was reached.[173][174]

text: Supporters of various rival clubs pressed for an inquiry into the LLDC's granting of West Ham's tenancy, arguing that West Ham were being given an unfair advantage by the arrangement. However, in September 2015 the government rejected holding such an inquiry.[175] In October 2015, the LLDC released a 207-page document with redacted sections. West Ham's annual rent was not revealed as this was seen to be commercially sensitive information.[176] On 14 April 2016 it was revealed that West Ham will pay £2.5 million per year during a 99-year lease of the stadium but will not have to fund police, stewarding, heating, pitch maintenance, or corner flags. Barry Hearn described the deal as one his dog could have bettered.[177]

text: Stadium operator[edit]

text: In October 2014 The Evening Standard reported that French company Vinci SA were favourites to be given a contract to run the stadium for ten years. The company which already operates several other stadiums, including the Stade de France in Paris, had reportedly beaten off competition from other companies including Anschutz Entertainment Group who run The O2.[178] In February 2015, Vinci Stadium, a subsidiary of Vinci Concessions, were appointed to manage the stadium starting in April 2015 for a 25-year period. The company will also be responsible for the London Marathon Charitable Trust Community Track and events on the south park lawn. This is the first stadium outside France to be managed by Vinci.[179][180][181][182]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Although West Ham United and UK Athletics are the primary tenants, the stadium operators arrange many other events for the stadium.

text: Athletics[edit]

text: Anniversary Games[edit]

text: Charles Sale reported in the Daily Mail during December 2012 that the London Legacy Development Corporation were keen to take financial advantage by hosting events in the stadium due to the work to convert the stadium not starting until autumn 2013.[183] On 24 January 2013, it was confirmed that the London Athletics Grand Prix, a Diamond League event, would be switched to the stadium.[184] In February 2013, it was announced that after the stadium would also hold a Paralympic athletics event on 28 July.[185] In April Sainsbury's were announced as sponsors and the event was renamed the "Anniversary Games".[186][187]

text: The London Grand Prix was scheduled to move permanently to the stadium in 2016. However, due to the 2015 Rugby World Cup taking place in the stadium, using the original seating configuration, the opportunity came to move the Grand Prix to the stadium a year early, again under the name of the Anniversary Games.[188][189][190][191][192] During the 2015 events national records were set by Dafne Schippers (100 m), Dina Asher-Smith (100 m),[193] Shara Proctor(long jump),[194] while Georgina Hermitage (400 m T37) and Sophie Hahn (100 m T38) set world records.[195]

text: The Muller Anniversary Games, the fourth anniversary event, took place in the stadium on 22–23 July 2016. The IPC Grand Prix events were incorporated alongside Diamond League events on the second day of the meet. The London meet is the only Diamond League meeting to date to span two consecutive days.

text: The 2017 Muller Anniversary Games was shortened to a one-day event on Sunday 9 July 2017.[196] Its move to an earlier time of the month was due to the 2017 World Athletics Championships

text: The 2018 Muller Anniversary Games returned to a two-day event on its typical weekend of 21–22 July.

text: 2017 World Athletics and World Para Athletics Championships[edit]

text: London had bid to host the 2015 World Athletics Championships using the Olympic Stadium. It went up against Beijing's Olympic Stadium and the Polish city of Chorzów. However, the stadium had to withdraw their bid due to uncertainties arising out of the timing of the announcement of who would operate the stadium after the Olympics, thus gifting Beijing the championships.[197] With issues resolved over the stadium's future, London again used the stadium to bid for the 2017 World Athletics Championships.[198] The bid was made official in August with Lord Coe personally submitting the bid a few weeks later at the 2011 World Athletic Championships in Daegu which was supported by London's Mayor Boris Johnson and the British Government.[199] On 11 November 2011, the IAAF officially awarded the 2017 World Championships to London.[200] The World Para Athletics Championships (formerly the IPC Athletics World Championships) were planned to take place a month before the able-bodied event[201] and were formally confirmed for the stadium in December 2012.[202] The 2017 able-bodied athletics event was the final track championship for Mo Farah[203] and Usain Bolt.[204]

text: The World Para Athletics Championships were held between 14–23 July 2017, with 800,000 tickets available across 16 sessions. The IAAF World Championships followed between 4–13 August 2017 with 700,000 tickets available. 3,300 athletes from 200 countries competed for 690 medals across 245 events.[205]

text: 2018 Athletics World Cup[edit]

text: In February 2018, London Stadium was announced as the venue for the inaugural Athletics World Cup. The event will be held on 14 and 15 July.

text: Football[edit]

text: West Ham United play at this stadium, having moved from their former Boleyn Ground in August 2016.[206][207] The club announced in March 2013 that the stands behind the goals will be named after former players Bobby Moore and Trevor Brooking; there were stands at the Boleyn Ground named after them.[49] West Ham sold out the 50,000 season ticket allocation for the stadium by May 2016 for the 2016–17 season.[208]

text: The opening game for West Ham was a Europa League match against NK Domžale on 4 August 2016,[209] which West Ham won 3–0 with the stadium sold out, albeit with a reduced capacity of 54,000 as conversion works were still being finished.[210] The official opening match was a friendly with Juventus on 7 August with a 2–3 defeat.[211] West Ham's first Premier League match at the stadium was against Bournemouth with an attendance of 56,977.[212] Watford were the first Premier League side to beat West Ham at the London Stadium, overcoming a two-goal deficit to beat West Ham 4–2.[213][214]

text: Crowd control[edit]

text: At the beginning of the 2016–17 season, West Ham's games were marred by instances of crowd trouble. Against Bournemouth on 21 August some fans arrived with tickets for seats that did not exist. Fighting also occurred between rival supporters outside the stadium.[215] On 26 August during a Europa League game against FC Astra Giurgiu fighting broke out in the stadium with a supporter being arrested on suspicion of causing ABH.[216] Against Watford, rival fans fought following poor crowd segregation. On 1 October 2016, against Middlesbrough three people were arrested as violent clashes occurred.[217] On 22 October 2016, against Sunderland rival fans confronted each other as Sunderland fans returned to transport taking them home.[218] By 25 October 2016, 23 banning orders had been issued to fans with nine arrests.[219] There was further crowd trouble on 26 October 2016 during West Ham's EFL Cup fourth-round game against London rivals, Chelsea. Seven people were arrested as police introduced a ban on the sale of alcohol. Plastic bottles, seats and coins were thrown during West Ham's 2–1 victory. Hundreds of supporters clashed and riot police entered the concourse.[220][221] West Ham vice-chairman Karren Brady said any supporter identified as having taken part in the violence would receive a lifetime ban. MP Mark Field called for West Ham to play behind closed doors should any further violence occur.[222] In October 2016, football stadium design expert, Paul Fletcher said that the stadium should be pulled down and rebuilt as in its current design it was not right for football fans as they were too far from the pitch.[223] In December 2016, a cameraman working for Arsenal TV was punched in the face by a West Ham supporter towards the end of West Ham's 1–5 defeat by Arsenal.[224]

text: In March 2018, there were protests against West Ham United owner, David Sullivan at the stadium during a 3-0 home defeat to Burnley. There were four pitch invasions and Sullivan was escorted from his seat before the end of the match.[225] Sullivan was also hit on the head by a coin thrown by one of the supporters.[226][227] Karren Brady called the events "one of the most painful days" in the club's history.[228] Following the crowd trouble, West Ham banned five supporters for life for invading the pitch. Several people who had thrown coins and other objects were also given lifetime bans.[229] Calling the scenes at the stadium a "disgrace", London mayor, Sadiq Khan said that the crowd trouble had been organised and co-ordinated. Investigation had revealed that over a dozen fights had broken out in the ground between West Ham supporters and that 26 people had attempted to invade the pitch with twenty-two being stopped by stewards. There were 150 separate incidents, including 50 public order offences and 40 assaults. CCTV footage shows a co-ordinated move by a known group of individuals towards the directors' box.[230] Measures including increased security presence and preventing fans approaching the area holding members of the West Ham board were announced in late March. Entirely funded by the UK taxpayer and costed at £60,000, the provisions were planned for the next game, against Southampton.[231] In June 2018, West Ham were charged by the FA with offences relating to crowd disturbances at the game against Burnley in March.[232]

text: Other sports[edit]

text: In May 2014 it was announced that the Essex Eagles had agreed a deal in principle to play Twenty20 cricket matches at the stadium.[233] The venue was also touted as a possible venue for the 2019 Cricket World Cup.[234]. However, the venue was not included in the final fixtures list.[235] The stadium was not choosen due to the existing facilites running east to west which would have made the game difficult to watch, as most cricket venues the pitch runs north to south. When investigation took place by the time they turned everything to a north-south axis the capacity of the stadium would have decreased by 30,000.[236] The ICC additionally had concerns over serious injury to the raised sand based outfield.[237]

text: Baseball[edit]

text:
On 8 May 2018, MLB announced the London series would be played at London Stadium from 2019. The two-game series would have its first games on 29-30 June 2019 between the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees. Games were also agreed for 2020 as part of the two-year deal. The stadium would have a capacity of 55,000 in baseball configuration. [238] The games would be a first
for Major League Baseball in Europe.[239]

text: Motorsport[edit]

text: In November 2015 the stadium hosted the 2015 Race of Champions event. It was the first occasion since 2008 that Great Britain hosted the event, with Wembley Stadium last staging the contest in 2008.[240] The English team of Andy Priaulx and Jason Plato won the nations cup whilst Sebastian Vettel took the Champion of Champions crown.[241][242]

text: Rugby league[edit]

text: The first Rugby league match at the stadium was played between England and New Zealand on 7 November 2015, in front of 44,000 spectators. The match was the second test of a three-test series between the sides.[243][244] The venue also hosted the match between England and Australia as part of the 2016 Rugby League Four Nations (att: 36,000). In June 2016, it was announced that the Stadium will form part of England's bid to host the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.[245]

text:
Test#
Date
Team 1
Score
Team 2
Attendance
Notes

1
7 November 2015
 England
2–9
 New Zealand
44,393
2015 Baskerville Shield

2
13 November 2016
 England
18–36
 Australia
35,569
2016 Four Nations

text: Rugby Union[edit]

text: 2015 World Cup[edit]

text: In July 2012 the Olympic Park Legacy Company submitted a bid to England Rugby 2015 to host some matches of the 2015 Rugby World Cup.  On 2 May 2013, it was officially announced that the Olympic Stadium was due to host four Pool matches during the World Cup and the Bronze final.[246] The first rugby union match at the stadium took place on 29 August 2015 as part of a testing programme ahead of the World Cup. The match featured the first ever game between the invitational Barbarians side and Samoa.[247][248][249] The Barbarians won 27–24, with Samoa having Kane Thompson sent off for punching. The game was delayed when pitch sprinklers came on during the first half.[250]

text:
Date

Competition

Home team

Score

Away team

Attendance

29 August 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Warm-up
Barbarians
27–24
 Samoa
41,039

23 September 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Pool D
 France
38–11
 Romania
50,626

24 September 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Pool C
 New Zealand
58–14
 Namibia
51,820

4 October 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Pool D
 Ireland
16–9
 Italy
53,187

7 October 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Pool B
 South Africa
64–0
 United States
54,658

30 October 2015
2015 Rugby World Cup Bronze final
 South Africa
24–13
 Argentina
55,925

text: Premiership Rugby[edit]

text: At fixture launch on 7 July 2017, it was announced that Saracens would host their annual Derby Day clash against Harlequins at the London Stadium on 24 March 2018. This was the first time since 2010 that this fixture did not take place at Wembley. The match ended in a 24-11 win for Saracens in front of a crowd of 55,329 and was the first ever Aviva Premiership rugby match at the stadium.[251]

text: Concerts[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Date

Performer(s)

Opening act(s)

Tour/event

Attendance

Notes

4 June 2016

AC/DC feat. Axl Rose

Tyler Bryant & The Shakedown

Rock or Bust World Tour

65,000

First concert at the stadium since its redevelopment following the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[252]

3 June 2017

Depeche Mode

The Horrors

Global Spirit Tour

65,191

16 June 2017

Guns 'N Roses

Tyler Bryant & The ShakedownThe KillsFalling In Reverse

Not in This Lifetime... Tour

139,267

17 June 2017

23 June 2017

Robbie Williams

Erasure

The Heavy Entertainment Show Tour

22 May 2018

The Rolling Stones

Liam Gallagher

No Filter Tour

25 May 2018

Florence and the Machine

15 June 2018

BeyoncéJay-Z

TBA

On the Run II Tour

Beyoncé became the first female headliner to perform at the stadium.

16 June 2018

22 June 2018

Foo Fighters

Wolf AliceFrank Carter & The Rattlesnakes

Concrete and Gold Tour

23 June 2018

The KillsSlavesStarcrawlers

text: Access[edit]

text: Rail[edit]

text: The stadium is located in the south of Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Stratford and Stratford International railway stations are the main stations nearest to the Olympic Park, and are roughly a 20-minute walk to the stadium.[253] Stratford International is served by trains on High Speed 1 offering 4 trains per hour to St. Pancras International, as well as other services to Kent, while Stratford station has London Overground services to North, West and South London, and is on the Great Eastern Main Line to East London and East Anglia.[253] Stratford is on London Underground's Jubilee and Central lines to Central London and the Docklands Light Railway (DLR).[253] The DLR offers a direct service to London City Airport. In addition, Hackney Wick (London Overground) and Pudding Mill Lane (DLR) serve the stadium, but may be closed during bigger events due to capacity limitations. From 2018 the stadium will be served by Crossrail.

text: Stations nearby:

text:
Service
Station(s)
Lines

London Overground
Hackney Wick   Stratford
 North London Line

Docklands Light Railway
Pudding Mill Lane   Stratford   Stratford International
 Lewisham/Canary Wharf-Stratford  Stratford International–Beckton/Woolwich Arsenal

London Underground
Stratford

National Rail
Stratford
Great Eastern Main Line  West Anglia Main Line  Lea Valley Lines

Stratford International
High Speed 1

Crossrail

Stratford

Elizabeth Line

text: Road[edit]

text: Travellers by car are advised to use the public car parks at Westfield Stratford City, Stratford International station and the Stratford Centre.[254] The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park also has several docking stations for the London Cycle Hire scheme.[253]

text: Bus and coach[edit]

text: Buses serve the Olympic Park directly, or the nearby Stratford bus station and Stratford City bus station. The following routes serve the Olympic Park and Stadium directly:[254][255]

text:
Route

Start

End

Areas

108

Lewisham station

Stratford International station

East London, South-East London, South London

308

Wanstead

Clapton

East London, North-East London

388

Elephant & Castle

Stratford City bus station

Central London, East London, South London

339

Shadwell Station

Leytonstone Station

East London

text: A further 17 services use the Stratford bus stations, which offer a network of services across East London. In addition, route 25 from Oxford Street serves Central London.[254]

text: The following services operate through the night and provide the area with a 24-hour public transport service:

text:
Route

Start

End

Areas

25

Oxford Street

Ilford

Central London, East London

69

Walthamstow Central

Canning Town

East London, North East London

108

Lewisham

Stratford International

East London, South East London

238

Barking

Stratford Bus Station

East London

N8

Oxford Circus

Hainault

Central London, East London

N86

Stratford Bus Station

Harold Wood

East London, Romford, M25

N205

Paddington

Leyton

Central London, City of London, London Docklands

text: National Express coach services to Stratford bus station provide a direct connection to Stansted Airport[256] and several other routes to Essex and East Anglia.[257]


document_title: The Legend of Zorro

question_text: who plays joaquin in the legend of zorro

text: The Legend of Zorro

text: Plot[edit]

text: This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 1851, nine years after the events of the first film, Don Alejandro de la Vega is married to Elena and has a son, Joaquin. California is voting on whether to join the United States of America as a state. Zorro foils a plot to steal ballots. During the fight with a gunman named Jacob McGivens, he briefly loses his mask. A pair of Pinkerton agents sees his face and recognize him. The following day, the Pinkertons confront Elena and force her to divorce Alejandro.

text: Three months later, Alejandro is living in a hotel. The separation from Elena and the feeling that the people no longer need Zorro are taking its toll on him. His childhood guardian, Father Felipe, convinces him to attend a party at French Count Armand's new vineyard. There, Alejandro discovers that Elena is dating the count. After leaving the party, Alejandro witnesses a huge explosion close to Armand's mansion and becomes suspicious of him.

text: McGivens leads an attack on the family of Guillermo Cortez, Alejandro's friend, to seize their land deed. Donning his mask again, Zorro rescues Guillermo's wife and son, but fails to save Guillermo and the deed. Zorro follows McGivens to Armand's mansion and discovers that Armand plans to build a railroad on Cortez's land. Zorro encounters Elena, and learns of an upcoming shipment. He tracks McGivens to a cove where the cargo is delivered. Unbeknownst to him, Joaquin also hitched a ride on McGiven's cart, having sneaked out of a class trip. Zorro saves his son from the bandits. Examing the shipment, he sees a piece of the cargo, a bar of soap, and the name Orbis Unum from a crate lid.

text: Felipe and Alejandro then learn that Armand is the head of a secret society, the Knights of Aragon, which has been secretly ruling Europe. The United States is deemed a threat to the Knights. Thus, they plans to throw the country into chaos before it can gain too much power. Alejandro is then captured by the Pinkertons. They reveal to him that they forced Elena to divorce Alejandro and get close to Armand and learn of his plans.

text: Joaquin frees Alejandro from captivity. Zorro goes to Armand's mansion, meets Elena, and eavesdrops on Armand's meeting. He learns that the soap bars contain glycerin - a precursor to nitroglycerin. Armand plans to distribute the substance throughout the Confederate Army, with the help of Confederate Colonel Beauregard, to destroy the Union. Zorro and Elena reconcile, and Zorro prepares to destroy the train carrying the explosives. McGivens arrives at Felipe's church to look for Zorro. Unable to find him, McGivens shoots the priest and kidnaps Joaquin.

text: At the mansion, Armand is informed by his butler, Ferroq, about Elena's deception. He confronts her and shows her the bodies of the Pinkerton agents. He takes her and Joaquin hostage on the train carrying the explosives, making Zorro unable to destroy it. Zorro is captured and unmasked in front of his son, to Joaquin's shock. Armand takes Joaquin and Elena away and orders McGivens to kill Alejandro. Felipe, having been saved from McGivens's bullet by a cross he wears, arrives. He and Alejandro overpower and kill McGivens.

text: Zorro catches up with Armand and they engage in a sword fight. Meanwhile, Elena has Joaquin escape into the back cars of the train, which she disconnects. Elena then fights Ferroq in the nitro storage car. He and Colonel Beauregard are then killed in an explosion.

text: Further along the tracks, witnessed by a huge crowd, the governor prepares to sign the bill to make California a state. Joaquin collects Tornado, Zorro's horse, jumps off the train, and follows it. He hits a track switch, causing the train to harmlessly pass around the ceremony. Zorro and Armand's duel takes them to the very front of the locomotive. Seeing the track is a dead end, Zorro hooks Armand to the train and escapes with Elena. The train crashes into the pile of rails at the end of the track, setting off the nitroglycerin, killing Armand.

text: With Zorro as an official witness, the governor signs the bill, and California becomes the 31st state of the United States of America. Felipe remarries Alejandro and Elena with Joaquin as the only witness. Alejandro apologizes to his son for hiding his identity, and admits that Zorro's identity is a family secret rather than just his own. With Elena's support, Zorro rides off on Tornado to his next mission.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Antonio Banderas as Don Alejandro de la Vega / Zorro
Catherine Zeta-Jones as Eléna de la Vega
Adrián Alonso as Joaquin de la Vega
Rufus Sewell as Count Armand
Nick Chinlund as Jacob McGivens
Julio Oscar Mechoso as Padre Felipe
Leo Burmester as Colonel Beauregard
Tony Amendola as Padre Quintero
Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. as Governor Riley
Michael Emerson as Harrigan
Shuler Hensley as Pike
Giovanna Zacarias as Blanca Cortez
Raúl Méndez as Ferroq
Alberto Reyes as Padre Ignacio

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: An alternate ending, included on the DVD, shows a grown-up Joaquin putting on the costume and riding off into the sunset, following his father's and maternal grandfather Diego de la Vega's (portrayed by Anthony Hopkins in The Mask of Zorro) footsteps as Zorro, while the elderly Alejandro and Elena watch proudly. This was changed to the theatrical ending in order to allow for future sequels with Antonio Banderas and Catherine Zeta-Jones.

text: Historical references[edit]

text: The Legend of Zorro continues its predecessor's inclusion of historical elements of California history into the fiction, though many liberties have been taken. Alejandro, the Mexican-born Californian who became Zorro at the end of The Mask of Zorro, is a fictional brother to Joaquin Murrieta, for whom the character's son Joaquin is named. Military governor Bennet Riley, the last of California's heads of state prior to statehood, is portrayed, but the Maryland-born American is played by the Mexican actor Pedro Armendáriz Jr. who speaks English with a Hispanic accent. Leo Burmester plays R. S. Beauregard, a Confederate colonel whose character is not to be confused with the historical P. G. T. Beauregard. Pedro Mira plays a pre-Presidential Abraham Lincoln as an observer to California's statehood, though the real Lincoln never traveled to the region. The film also features a fictional monument called Bear Point, commemorating the site where the original Bear Flag of the California Republic flew briefly in 1846. Although the actual flag flew in Sonoma County, the film suggests that Bear Point is located in San Mateo County.

text: The Legend of Zorro, which takes place in 1850, includes a significant number of deviations from national history as well, particularly in depicting an organized Confederate States of America and a presumed completed First Transcontinental Railroad, each more than a decade before their times. Additional deviations include a quote from the Gettysburg Address, which would not be written until 1863. A map discovered by Zorro delineates two states (Arizona and New Mexico) that did not achieve statehood until 1912; several other states depicted on the map entered into the Union long after California. The film also features characters who identify themselves as agents of the Pinkerton Detective Agency, which had been established in the year 1850 but was known at the time as the North-Western Police Agency.[2]

text: A deleted scene on the film's DVD features a short discussion on a magic lantern presentation.

text: Music[edit]

text:
The Legend of Zorro: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Film score by James Horner

Released
October 25, 2005

Recorded
2004–2005

Length
75:34

Label
Sony

James Horner chronology

FlightplanString Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found
The Legend of Zorro
(2005)
The New World
(2005)The New World2005

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

SoundtrackNet

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Collecting the Ballots"
3:27

2.
"Stolen Votes"
6:31

3.
"To the Governor's... And Then Elena"
4:05

4.
"This Is Who I Am"
3:05

5.
"Classroom Justice"
1:50

6.
"The Cortez Ranch"
6:35

7.
"A Proposal with Pearls / Perilous Times"
3:58

8.
"Joaquin's Capture and Zorro's Rescue"
5:00

9.
"Jailbreak / Reunited"
5:36

10.
"A Dinner of Pigeon / Setting the Explosives"
5:04

11.
"Mad Dash / Zorro Unmasked"
3:20

12.
"Just One Drop of Nitro"
2:40

13.
"The Train"
11:11

14.
"Statehood Proclaimed"
5:00

15.
"My Family Is My Life..."
8:14

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reaction to The Legend of Zorro was mostly negative. The film currently holds a rating of 47 out of 100 on Metacritic,[3] and a 26% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[4] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a below-average review, awarding it one and a half out of four stars, commenting that "of all of the possible ideas about how to handle the Elena character, this movie has assembled the worst ones."[5] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave The Legend of Zorro two out of four stars, saying that "the action is routine", "the chemistry between the two leads, which was one of the highlights of The Mask of Zorro, has evaporated during the intervening years", and that the movie "fails to recapture the pleasure offered by The Mask of Zorro."[6]

text: Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com praised the film, calling it "entertaining, bold, and self-effacing at once", noting the civic and parental questions it raises.[7] Slate Magazine critic David Edelstein also praised the film, in particular the action scenes, villains, and chemistry between Banderas and Zeta-Jones.[8] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said the film was "watchable – not remotely enjoyable, but watchable."[9] Nathan Rabin of The Onion's A.V. Club gave the film a lukewarm review, saying that "director Martin Campbell doles out action sequences stingily", and added that "The Legend of Zorro still feels like a half-hearted shrug of a sequel."[10] Brian Lowry of Variety said that The Legend of Zorro is "considerably less charming than The Mask of Zorro", but added that the film "gets by mostly on dazzling stunt work and the pleasure of seeing its dashing and glamorous leads back in cape and gown."[11] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly awarded the film a "B-" score. Schwarzbaum said that "too many scenes emphasize gross butchery over the elegance of the blade", but added that the film is "well-oiled" and praised the "fancy fight sequences".[12]

text: Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post reacted negatively, calling The Legend of Zorro "a waste of talent, time, and money" and "stupid and boring".[13] Marc Savlov of the Austin Chronicle was also not impressed, remarking that "there are precious few things for a Zorro fan – or a film fan, for that matter – not to loathe about The Legend of Zorro."[14] The film did reasonably well at the box office, grossing $142,400,065 internationally, but did not match the success of its predecessor.[15]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD & VHS on January 31, 2006, It was later released on Blu-ray on December 11, 2007.[citation needed]