document_title: The Good Dinosaur

question_text: who is the voice of the t rex in the good dinosaur

text: The Good Dinosaur

text: Plot[edit]

text: In an alternate history, the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago passes safely over Earth.

text: Sixty-five million years later, Apatosaurus farmers Henry and Ida have children Libby, Buck, and the runt Arlo, who has trouble adjusting to farm life. While his successful siblings are allowed to "make their mark" (a mud-print on the family's corn silo), Arlo's timid nature makes tasks difficult for him. Henry attempts to give Arlo a sense of purpose by putting him in charge of guarding their silo, and helps him set a trap. It captures a feral caveboy, but Arlo doesn't have the heart to kill him, and sets him free. Disappointed, Henry takes Arlo to track the caveboy, leading them into a ravine. Henry saves Arlo from a flash flood before being swept away and killed.

text: Without his father, Arlo shoulders more of the workload. He spots the same caveboy inside the silo and, blaming him for his father's death, chases him until both fall into a river. Arlo cannot swim, and is swept downstream where he hits his head on a rock and is knocked unconscious. Awakening, he finds himself far from home and tries to survive on his own, but becomes trapped when a boulder pins his leg. The next day Arlo wakes to find his leg has been freed, and the caveboy appears with food for him. The caveboy then leads Arlo to a berry tree, where the caveboy fends off a large snake, amazing Arlo and impressing a nearby eccentric Styracosaurus who wants to keep the boy. He forces Arlo to compete with him to give the boy a name he will respond to, which Arlo finally wins when he calls him "Spot". Arlo and Spot bond as Arlo laments his lost family, and Spot reveals that his own parents are dead. Later, when a storm strikes, Arlo runs away in fear and loses the riverbank he has been following home.

text: The next morning, Arlo wakes to find Spot at his side. They are noticed by a band of pterodactyls, led by Thunderclap, who appear to be conducting a rescue operation but turn out to be savagely carnivorous. When the pterodactyls try to take Spot, Arlo and Spot flee, happening upon a pair of Tyrannosaurus named Nash and Ramsey, who ward off the pterodactyls. Nash, Ramsey, and their father Butch have lost their herd of longhorns, so Arlo offers Spot's help in sniffing them out. They locate the herd, but Butch recognizes the work of cattle rustlers, and uses Arlo as a lure. Arlo and Spot attract the attention of rustler Velociraptor, allowing Butch and his family to attack. During the fight, Arlo musters his courage and fends off two raptors who have overwhelmed Butch, helping to turn the fight in their favor. Having gained their respect, Arlo joins the Tyrannosaurus in driving the cattle south when he sees the familiar mountain peaks of his homeland in the distance, and leaves with Spot to return home. Along the way, they encounter an adult feral caveman in the distance, and though Spot shows interest, Arlo dissuades him and they continue on.

text: As another storm approaches, Thunderclap and the pterodactyls return and attack and carry Spot away. Arlo becomes entangled in vines, where he has a vision of Henry leading him home. Arlo instead resolves to save Spot, making the vision of his father proud before it fades away. Arlo finds and attacks the pterodactyls, who have cornered Spot at the river. Arlo and Spot together plunge Thunderclap and the pterodactyls into the water, where they are swept helplessly downstream. When another flash flood occurs, Arlo leaps into the water to rescue Spot as the two are swept away toward a waterfall. Arlo protects Spot as the two plummet down the fall, and carries him to shore.

text: As they approach Arlo's home, the two again hear the unknown caveman call, and are approached by an entire cave family. With great reluctance, Arlo pushes Spot to join his adoptive family, and the two of them share a tearful goodbye.

text: Arlo finally arrives home to his mother and siblings, and makes his mark on the silo between those of his mother and father.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Raymond Ochoa as Arlo, the youngest of the Apatosaurus family[10][11]

Jack McGraw as Young Arlo

Jack Bright as Spot, a 6-7-year-old human caveboy who befriends Arlo.[10][11]
Sam Elliott as Butch, a Tyrannosaurus who runs a "ranch" filled with prehistoric "longhorns".[10]
Anna Paquin as Ramsey, Butch's daughter[10][11]
A. J. Buckley as Nash, Butch's son[10][11]
Jeffrey Wright as Poppa Henry, the father of the Apatosaurus family.[10][11]
Frances McDormand as Momma Ida, the mother of the Apatosaurus family.[10][11]
Marcus Scribner as Buck, Arlo's brother[10]

Ryan Teeple as Young Buck[12]

Maleah Padilla as Libby, Arlo's sister[12]
Steve Zahn as Thunderclap, a Nyctosaurus and the leader of a gang of pterodactyls.[10]
Mandy Freund as Downpour, a pterodactyl who is a member of Thunderclap's flock[12]
Steven Clay Hunter as Coldfront, a pterodactyl who is a member of Thunderclap's flock[12]
Peter Sohn as Forrest Woodbush, a Styracosaurus who has various animals perched on his horns.[12][13]
Dave Boat as Bubbha, the leader of a gang of Velociraptor rustlers[12]
Carrie Paff as Lurleane, a Velociraptor who is a member of Bubbha's pack.[12]
John Ratzenberger as Earl, a Velociraptor who is a member of Bubbha's pack.[12]
Calum Mackenzie Grant as Pervis, a Velociraptor who is a member of Bubbha's pack.[12]

text: Production[edit]

text: Bob Peterson and Peter Sohn started working on the film in 2009, when Peterson came up with the idea.[14] The film's first release date of November 27, 2013 was first announced in June 2011.[15] The plot, director and co-director, producer, and other small details were announced at the D23 Expo on August 20, 2011.[16] Peterson and John Walker announced the film as The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs.[16] On April 24, 2012, Pixar announced that it would be titled The Good Dinosaur.[17]

text: The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent today, and how they are represented in stereotypes. Peterson stated: "It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur."[18] Peterson said the inspiration for the project came from a childhood visit to the 1964 New York World's Fair where he was impressed by some dinosaur Audio-Animatronics.[18]

text: On the film's title, Sohn stated, "The title is deceptively simple. It has more meaning than it seems."[18] He additionally explained: "Arlo has a lot of issues when he's born. He's fearful and he's weak and he's disconnected from the family because of these issues and he feels like he's not worthy, and so he finds a way to become worthy."[19]

text: In April 2012, Pixar announced that the film's release date had been shifted from November 27, 2013 to May 30, 2014.[17][20] On August 9, 2013, it was announced at the D23 Expo that Lucas Neff, John Lithgow, Frances McDormand, Neil Patrick Harris, Judy Greer, and Bill Hader had joined the cast of the film.[21]

text: Revisions[edit]

text: By summer 2013, Peterson and Walker had been removed from the film due to story problems.[1] Peterson, who could not crack the film's third act,[22] was absent from the D23 Expo, where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film.[23][24] Ed Catmull, Pixar's president, explained the departure: "All directors get really deep in their film. Sometimes you just need a different perspective to get the idea out. Sometimes directors… are so deeply embedded in their ideas it actually takes someone else to finish it up."[1] Peterson moved on to another project he is developing at Pixar, while Ream replaced Walker, who left to work on Disney's Tomorrowland. On the subject of changing directors, Ream stated, "Sadly, it happens more often than any of us would like… It's given a lot of thought and care. Bob still works at Pixar [and] he's a beloved member of the studio. He helps out on a lot of the movies. We care about him, but he just needed help getting the movie done."[25] John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and Sohn stepped in temporarily to work on various sections of the film.[1] In September 2013, The Good Dinosaur was pushed back from May 30, 2014 to November 25, 2015 (the scheduled release date for Pixar's Finding Dory). According to Ream, the primary reason for the rescheduling was "the story was not working, period, full stop, it just was not where it needed to be."[26] In November 2013, due to the delay, Pixar laid off 67 employees of its 1,200-person workforce,[22] following the closure of Pixar Canada a month before, when about 80 employees had been laid off, officially to refocus Pixar's efforts at its main headquarters.[27]

text: In the footage shown at the 2013 D23 Expo, Arlo was a huge dinosaur, Sohn recalled: "In the original version of the film, Spot was so tiny, we really wanted to make him feel like a bug. But people had a tough time connecting that these two had a relationship, because Arlo was so large. It was fun, but at the same time we never believed the growth that they could have together. It was really like, 'I’m best friends with a bee!' Bob Peterson, the original director, his first pitch was just a boy and his dog, and so when I took it I said, 'I want to honor that as much as I can.'"[28]

text: In August 2014, Lithgow revealed in an interview that the film had been dismantled and "completely reimagined" and that he was expected to re-record his role in the next month, while mentioning that McDormand was still part of the film.[29] In November 2014, it was reported that new elements had been added to the story, such as treating nature as the film's antagonist.[30] Pixar's general manager and president Jim Morris stated, "We all liked the movie from the beginning, but… the story had some kind of fatal flaws in it that none of us really saw. It was kind of a Billy Elliot story. It was a very different kind of movie—there was a whole dinosaur culture and community and so forth. It was one where the Arlo character was kind of repressed by the community. It never quite felt right. It always felt like that we were vilifying this group [of dinosaur characters] that was otherwise a very likeable group. It just didn't feel like it resonated truly."[31] Morris additionally explained: "We give people the chance to work on a story, and we give them our support, but it doesn't always work out… there were story issues that were just not solvable. So we changed the story to make it better, and we're very proud of the film we have now."[32] In October 2014, Sohn was announced as the new director of the film.[33]

text: In June 2015, it was announced that the majority of the cast had been revised.[10] Of the original cast, only McDormand retained her role in the film. It was revealed that Neff had been replaced by Raymond Ochoa, and Lithgow had been replaced by Jeffrey Wright.[10] Arlo's three siblings, to be voiced by Harris, Hader, and Greer had been cut down to a single brother named Buck, voiced by Marcus Scribner,[10] and later, a sister named Libby, voiced by Maleah Padilla. On the cast revisions, Sohn explained: "It was all about finding a younger Arlo, it was really about finding a boy [to play Arlo], so that we could push into that idea of him growing up and becoming a man, so the actor previous—who is a great actor—he was already a man, and so I needed to push that arc and find that compassionate kid, so that was the major kind of change. Then everything else, all the other characters that supported that story came in and out and changed and evolved and through that evolution, some of those performers changed out of it."[19] It was also confirmed that the farmer aspect was still part of the film.[34]

text: Design and setting[edit]

text: The filmmakers wanted nature to be the antagonist for the main character Arlo. Ream noted "Nature can overcome anything, including a massive dinosaur." In order to achieve the needed realism, the film's team traveled to the American Northwest, spending time in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Juntura, Oregon, and southern Montana. Production designer Harley Jessup stated: "The area has a fantastic variety of landscapes, ranging from the Jackson Valley and the Tetons to the amazing geysers and waterfalls in Yellowstone, we studied the grasslands of Montana and the Red Desert, then incorporated all of it in Arlo’s journey." To use the landscapes that they had experienced, the filmmakers used data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and satellite images from Google Earth. The geographical data provided a foundation that the team then built on. According to supervising technical director Sanjay Bakshi, this gave Sohn "the freedom to shoot in any direction he wanted to make the world feel big and real." In addition, The Good Dinosaur features three-dimensional, volumetric clouds. In previous Pixar films, clouds have been "painted" onto the sets. Light and photography director Sharon Calahan explained: "Storm clouds are almost like a villain in the film. Plus, it’s very labor-intensive to paint clouds, and they’re in almost every scene." Calahan also noted "These particular clouds can be rendered and we can light them, which we’ve never been able to properly do before."[35][36]

text: According to the filmmakers, the environments and landscapes in the film are not photo-realistic, they are just detailed in a way that advanced technology and style decisions allow. In terms of animating Arlo, animators Rob Thompson and Kevin O’Hara went to a zoo and shot video of elephants in motion. Thompson stated: "One of the most intimidating things to animate is a quadruped, because there’s so much to them and there’s so much to manage. It’s very easy to make it not work if you don’t know what you’re managing. Locomotion is all about efficiency, a lot of times you think, 'We’re animating a big, heavy character. We should slam those feet. That’ll make it feel heavy.' The truth is, that’s not efficient. That wouldn’t be great for the legs."[35][36][37] A system where Arlo's head goes up and his chest goes down when his hips goes up, was therefore created. To get an idea of the scale of Arlo, a complete full-size model was built out of card and foam core. In total The Good Dinosaur took up 300TB of server space, ten times as much space as Monsters University (2013).[38]

text: Arlo was designed so that the audience could identify with him and be able to see the "boy" inside the dinosaur. Sohn explained "When Arlo gets lost in the wilderness, you need to worry that he's out of his element and in danger of getting killed, rather than just thinking 'You're an animal. Why don’t you just turn around and eat some leaves?'" He additionally stated "If you put like a realistic dinosaur in the woods, eat some leaves, you’re fine… But we really wanted to play with that twist of this is a boy out there. A dinosaur boy for sure, but trying to infuse those qualities into him… And also keeping him in a world that had an arc to itself. That it would start off being beautiful and then become dangerous. When we had these designs of the trees where they were a little bit more blocky and a little bit more graphic. We put Arlo in front of it, it’s like 'ooh that kind of is cool, but boy, it doesn’t feel like it's that dangerous.' Like when we get a rock stuck on him, it didn’t feel like anything ’cause when we went on our research trips, boy that idea of like you can get, you could die by a small thing like having a rock on your foot. Or you could die by a huge thing like an avalanche, which we tried to kind of explore in the film. So that was one of our main intents."[25][39]

text: In terms of the film's setting, Sohn stated "Pixar is all about the 'what if' question… 'What if the asteroid missed the earth?' Yeah, we went down the road of: they could be cooking in a dino diner; they could be in space; they could be in anything. But then there was a drawing of a dinosaur farming that kind of sparked people of the idea of 'he’s working hard and this character needs to survive out there.' All of the American dinosaur bones are found in the northwest—from Montana, to Oregon, to Wyoming, and the Dakotas, so the combination of hardworking farm families and the west really brought us into that frontier world immediately… [S]o we started doing research. We started finding all of these people who were surviving out there on the land. They were either cultivating the cattle, or were ranchers in Oregon, or were farmers in the Midwest. It just kept teaching us how much we want to honor this world, and how hard it is to survive out there. It started dictating the world itself."[28]

text: Since The Good Dinosaur is set in a world in which dinosaurs never became extinct, they were instead able to evolve. Herbivores like Arlo and his family become farmers, and carnivores like the T. rex become ranchers. Because they are meant to be reminiscent of cowboys, when the T. rex run, their lower bodies mimic a galloping horse, while their upper bodies have the feel of a riding cowboy. To help inspire Butch's physical look and performance, the filmmakers looked at classic film cowboys such as characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood and Jack Palance.[37]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Good Dinosaur

Film score by Mychael Danna and Jeff Danna

Released
November 20, 2015

Recorded
2015

Studio
Eastwood Scoring Stage, Warner Bros., Los Angeles

Genre
Soundtrack, film score

Length
63:22

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
Chris Montan

Pixar film soundtrack chronology

Inside Out: Original Soundtrack
(2015)Inside Out: Original Soundtrack2015
The Good Dinosaur
(2015)
Finding Dory
(2016)Finding Dory2016

Mychael Danna chronology

The Captive
(2014) The Captive2014
The Good Dinosaur
(2015) The Good Dinosaur2015
Storks
(2016) Storks2016

Jeff Danna chronology

Montage of Heck
(2015) Montage of Heck2015
The Good Dinosaur
(2015) The Good Dinosaur2015
Storks
(2016) Storks2016

tag: table

text: The film's score was composed by Mychael Danna and his brother, Jeff Danna.[3] It marks the first Pixar film to be scored by two composers.[3] Danna was approached by Sohn and Ream due to his score for Life of Pi, which won an Academy Award.[3] Having a lot of work, he invited his brother Jeff Danna as a co-writer.[3] Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack on November 20, 2015.[40]

text: All music composed by Mychael Danna and Jeff Danna.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Homestead"
2:11

2.
"Hello Arlo"
2:49

3.
"Chores"
0:55

4.
"Make Your Mark"
2:07

5.
"Fireflies"
2:16

6.
"Critter Problem"
1:04

7.
"You're Me and More"
3:05

8.
"Family Struggle"
1:23

9.
"Swept Away"
1:33

10.
"Mountain Top"
0:51

11.
"Lost in the World"
3:35

12.
"Offerings"
1:32

13.
"Unexpected Friend"
2:56

14.
"Pet Collector"
2:24

15.
"Swimming Lessons"
2:29

16.
"Orphans"
4:39

17.
"The Storm"
1:17

18.
"I'm Never Getting Home"
0:44

19.
"Storm Chasers"
1:22

20.
"Bloodhound"
1:37

21.
"Fight Them Rustlers"
1:46

22.
"Run With the Herd"
3:51

23.
"Returned Call"
1:25

24.
"Sky Sharks"
1:46

25.
"Arlo's Vision"
1:35

26.
"Rescue"
2:31

27.
"Over the Falls"
2:41

28.
"Goodbye Spot"
4:12

29.
"Homecoming"
1:24

30.
"Arlo Makes His Mark"
1:22

Total length:
63:22

text: Video game[edit]

text: A figure of Spot and Power Discs of Arlo, Ramsey, Nash, and Butch have been released for Disney Infinity 3.0.[41]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Good Dinosaur was theatrically released on November 25, 2015.[42] Before the rescheduling from 2014 to 2015, a Monsters University short film titled Party Central was set to accompany the film, but was instead shown with the theatrical release of Disney's Muppets Most Wanted.[43] In April 2015, it was announced that a new Pixar short, Sanjay's Super Team, directed by Sanjay Patel, would be shown in front of The Good Dinosaur instead.[44]

text: The film's teaser trailer was released on June 2, 2015,[45][46] and the first official trailer was released on July 21, 2015.[47] The film received an exclusive run at The Grand Rex in Paris a week before its U.S. and European premiere.[48]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Good Dinosaur was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D), DVD, and digital download in the United States on February 23, 2016. Blu-ray bonus features include Sanjay's Super Team, audio commentary, behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and the "Hide and Seek" short promotional clip.[49][50]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Good Dinosaur grossed $123.1 million in the United States and Canada and $209.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $332.2 million[7] against a production budget of $175–200 million,[5][6] making it Pixar's lowest-grossing film. Adding in the marketing budget, the film had a cost of $350 million,[51] which it was not able to recoup.[52][53][54][55] However, the film proved to be much more financially successful in terms of home video sales.[56][57]

text: In North America, The Good Dinosaur opened on Wednesday, November 25, 2015 alongside Creed and Victor Frankenstein, as well as the wide releases of Brooklyn, Spotlight, and Trumbo. The film was projected to gross $60–65 million from 3,749 theaters in its first five days, including $45 million in its opening weekend.[58] It made $1.3 million from its Tuesday night previews and $9.8 million on its first day. The film ended up grossing $55.6 million in its first five days, including $39.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office behind the second weekend of Mockingjay – Part 2, the final installment in the Hunger Games film series.[59]

text: Outside North America, it earned $28.7 million from 39 markets, including 8 significant markets. Unlike the USA, where it had the benefit of the Thanksgiving weekend, it did not have the same benefit internationally. Rather, its release date was designed to set it up to run through the December holiday.[60] The top openings were in the United Kingdom ($4.3 million), Mexico ($3.6 million), France ($3.2 million), Argentina ($2.2 million), and Russia ($2.1 million). Of those, it opened at No. 1 in Mexico, Argentina and Russia.[61] In terms of total earnings, its leading markets are the United Kingdom ($10.1 million), Mexico ($8.7 million), and France ($8.1 million).[62]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 77%, based on 198 reviews, with a rating average of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Good Dinosaur delivers thrillingly beautiful animation in service of a worthy story that, even if it doesn't quite live up to the lofty standards set by Pixar, still adds up to charming, family-friendly entertainment."[63] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[64] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[59]

text: Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described it as "antic and unexpected as well as homiletic, rife with subversive elements, wacky critters and some of the most beautiful landscapes ever seen in a computer animated film."[65] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times felt the film "has a few things on its mind, but its tone is overwhelmingly playful, not hectoring."[66] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal opined that "As Pixar productions go, this one isn't a groundbreaker, but it's heartfelt and endearing, as well as visually splendiferous, and kids will love it for sure."[67] "Clever and cloying by turns, it's a movie that always seems to be trying to evolve beyond its conventional trappings, and not succeeding as often as Pixar devotees have come to expect," wrote Justin Chang of Variety.[68] Many of the reviewers praised the sophistication of its nearly photorealistic backgrounds.[66][69][70][71]

text: Christopher Orr of The Atlantic felt it to be the studio's first film explicitly targeted towards children, though it is "by no means a bad movie […] It's a simple story, well-told."[69] Mark Feeney, writing for The Boston Globe, felt similarly, deeming it a "very middling movie […] The Good Dinosaur generally features a sort of sentimentality and emotional reductiveness that make it seem meant for small children as no previous Pixar movie has."[70] The Washington Post's Stephanie Merry dubbed it "a nice, conventional story, but it’s not Pixar-level imaginative."[71] Richard Roeper, for the Chicago Sun-Times, felt it "one strange, aggressively gross and dark adventure […] Inconsistent and weird, The Good Dinosaur is second-level Pixar all the way."[72] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter derided its "disappointingly derivative" screenplay.[73]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient
Outcome

American Cinema Editors Awards
January 29, 2016
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
Stephen Schaffer
Nominated

Annie Awards[74]
February 6, 2016
Best Animated Feature
The Good Dinosaur

Outstanding Achievement in Animated Effects in an Animated Production
John Reisch and Stephen Marshall
Won

Outstanding Achievement in Character Animation in a Feature Production
Mark C. Harris
Nominated

K.C. Roeyer

Outstanding Achievement in Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Matt Nolte

Outstanding Achievement in Music in an Animated Feature Production
Mychael Danna and Jeff Danna

Outstanding Achievement in Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Harley Jessup, Sharon Calahan, Bryn Imagire, Noah Klocek and Huy Nguyen

Outstanding Achievement in Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Bill Presing

Rosana Sullivan

J.P. Vine, Tony Rosenast and Enrico Casarosa

Austin Film Critics Association Awards[75]
December 29, 2015
Best Animated Film
The Good Dinosaur

Black Reel Awards
February 18, 2016
Best Voice Performance
Jeffrey Wright (Poppa Henry)

British Academy Children's Awards[76][77]
November 20, 2016
Feature Film
Peter Sohn and Meg LeFauve

BAFTA Kids' Vote
The Good Dinosaur

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
December 16, 2015
Best Animated Film

Critics' Choice Awards
January 17, 2016
Best Animated Feature

Florida Film Critics Circle Awards
December 23, 2015
Best Animated Film

Golden Globe Awards[78]
January 10, 2016
Best Animated Feature Film

Golden Reel Awards[79]
February 27, 2016
Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue & ADR in an Animation Feature Film
Shannon Mills

Houston Film Critics Society Awards
January 9, 2016
Best Animated Feature Film
The Good Dinosaur

Online Film Critics Society Awards[80]
December 14, 2015
Best Animated Film

Producers Guild of America Awards
January 23, 2016
Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures
Denise Ream

San Diego Film Critics Society Awards[81][82]
December 14, 2015
Best Animated Film
The Good Dinosaur

Satellite Awards[83]
February 21, 2016
Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

Saturn Awards[84]
June 22, 2016
Best Animated Film

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards[85]
December 20, 2015
Best Animated Film

Village Voice Film Poll[86]
January 7, 2016
Best Animated Film
10th Place

Visual Effects Society Awards
February 2, 2016
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature
Sanjay Bakshi, Denise Ream, Michael Venturini, and Jon Reisch
Won

Outstanding Animated Performance in an Animated Feature
Ana Gabriela Lacaze, Jacob Brooks, Lou Hamou-Lhadj, and Mark C. Harris (Spot)
Nominated

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature
David Munier, Matthew Webb, Matt Kuruc, and Tom Miller (The Farm)
Won

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature
Stephen Marshall, Magnus Wrenninge, Michael Hall, and Hemagiri Arumugam


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2008

question_text: what song was number 1 on may 4th 2008

question_tokens: what song was number 1 on may 4th 2008

root

text: Chart history

text:
Key

Indicates best-performing single of 2008

text:
Issue date

Song

Artist(s)

Reference(s)

January 5

"Low"

Flo Rida featuring T-Pain

[21]

January 12

[22]

January 19

[23]

January 26

[24]

February 2

[25]

February 9

[26]

February 16

[27]

February 23

[28]

March 1

[29]

March 8

[2]

March 15

"Love in This Club"

Usher featuring Young Jeezy

[30]

March 22

[31]

March 29

[32]

April 5

"Bleeding Love"

Leona Lewis

[33]

April 12

"Touch My Body"

Mariah Carey

[14][15]

April 19

[34]

April 26

"Bleeding Love"

Leona Lewis

[35]

May 3

"Lollipop"

Lil Wayne featuring Static Major

[8]

May 10

"Bleeding Love"

Leona Lewis

[36]

May 17

[37]

May 24

"Take a Bow"

Rihanna

[38][39]

May 31

"Lollipop"

Lil Wayne featuring Static Major

[40]

June 7

[41]

June 14

[42]

June 21

[43]

June 28

"Viva la Vida"

Coldplay

[9][44]

July 5

"I Kissed a Girl"

Katy Perry

[10][45]

July 12

[46]

July 19

[47]

July 26

[48]

August 2

[49]

August 9

[50]

August 16

[51]

August 23

"Disturbia"

Rihanna

[52]

August 30

[53]

September 6

"Whatever You Like"

T.I.

[11]

September 13

[54]

September 20

[55]

September 27

"So What"

Pink

[56]

October 4

"Whatever You Like"

T.I.

[57]

October 11

[58]

October 18

"Live Your Life"

T.I. featuring Rihanna

[59]

October 25

"Womanizer"

Britney Spears

[60][61]

November 1

"Whatever You Like"

T.I.

[62]

November 8

[5]

November 15

"Live Your Life"

T.I. featuring Rihanna

[63]

November 22

[64]

November 29

[65]

December 6

[66]

December 13

"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"

Beyoncé

[67]

December 20

"Live Your Life"

T.I. featuring Rihanna

[12]

December 27

"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"

Beyoncé

[68]


document_title: Calculus (medicine)

question_text: a stone or calculus in the nose is called

text: Calculus (medicine)

text: Types[edit]

text:
Calculi in the urinary system are called urinary calculi and include kidney stones (also called renal calculi or nephroliths) and bladder stones (also called vesical calculi or cystoliths). They can have any of several compositions, including mixed. Principal compositions include oxalate and urate.
Calculi of the gallbladder and bile ducts are called gallstones and are primarily developed from bile salts and cholesterol derivatives.
Calculi in the nasal passages (rhinoliths) are rare.
Calculi in the gastrointestinal tract (enteroliths) can be enormous. Individual enteroliths weighing many pounds have been reported in horses.
Calculi in the stomach are called gastric calculi (gastroliths).
Calculi in the salivary glands are called salivary calculi (sialoliths).
Calculi in the tonsils are called tonsillar calculi (tonsilloliths).
Calculi in the veins are called venous calculi (phleboliths).
Calculi in the skin, such as in sweat glands, are not common but occasionally occur.

tag: ul

text: Calculi are usually asymptomatic, and large calculi may have required many years to grow to their large size.

tag: p

text: Cause[edit]

text:
From an underlying abnormal excess of the mineral, e.g., with elevated levels of calcium (hypercalcaemia) that may cause kidney stones, dietary factors for gallstones.
Local conditions at the site in question that promote their formation, e.g., local bacteria action (in kidney stones) or slower fluid flow rates, a possible explanation of the majority of salivary duct calculus occurring in the submandibular salivary gland.
Enteroliths are a type of calculus found in the intestines of animals (mostly ruminants) and humans, and may be composed of inorganic or organic constituents.
Bezoars are lumps of indigestible material in the stomach and/or intestines; most commonly, they consist of hair (in which case they are also known as hairballs). A bezoar may form the nidus of an enterolith.

text: In kidney stones, calcium oxalate is the most common mineral type (see Nephrolithiasis). Uric acid is the second most common mineral type, but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.[1]

text: Pathophysiology and symptoms[edit]

text: Stones can cause disease by several mechanisms:

text:
Irritation of nearby tissues, causing pain, swelling, and inflammation
Obstruction of an opening or duct, interfering with normal flow and disrupting the function of the organ in question
Predisposition to infection (often due to disruption of normal flow)

text: A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones:

text:
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

Can cause hydronephrosis (swollen kidneys) and renal failure
Can predispose to pyelonephritis (kidney infections)
Can progress to urolithiasis

Urolithiasis (urinary bladder stones)

Can progress to bladder outlet obstruction

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Can predispose to cholecystitis (gall bladder infections) and ascending cholangitis (biliary tree infection)
Can progress to choledocholithiasis (gallstones in the bile duct) and gallstone pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)

Gastric calculi can cause colic, obstruction, torsion, and necrosis.

text: Diagnosis[edit]

text: Diagnostic workup varies by the stone type, but in general:

text:
Clinical history and physical examination
Imaging studies

Some stone types (mainly those with substantial calcium content) can be detected on X-ray and CT scan
Many stone types can be detected by ultrasound

Factors contributing to stone formation (as in #Etiology) are often tested:

Laboratory testing can give levels of relevant substances in blood or urine
Some stones can be directly recovered (at surgery, or when they leave the body spontaneously) and sent to a laboratory for analysis of content

text: Treatment[edit]

text: Modification of predisposing factors can sometimes slow or reverse stone formation. Treatment varies by stone type, but, in general:

text:
Medication
Surgery (lithotomy)

Antibiotics and/or surgery for infections
Medication
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for removal of calculi

text: History[edit]

text: The earliest operation for curing stones is given in the Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE).[2] The operation involved exposure and going up through the floor of the bladder.[2]

text: The care of this disease was forbidden to the physicians that had taken the Hippocratic Oath[citation needed] because

text:
There was a high probability of intraoperative and postoperative surgical complication like infection or bleeding
The physicians would not perform surgery as in ancient cultures they were two different professions


document_title: Saved by the Bell

question_text: where did saved by the bell take place

question_tokens: where did saved by the bell take place

text: Saved by the Bell

text: Characters[edit]

text: In casting Good Morning, Miss Bliss, Peter Engel knew the success of the show would not hinge on Miss Bliss herself, but on her students. Engel particularly envisioned one character, Zack Morris, who "would be that incorrigible kid who could lie to your face, letting you know very well that he's lying, and make you love him for it all the same."[4] Engel insisted that the show could not go on without Zack Morris, but he turned out to be one of the most difficult characters to cast. Engel's casting director, Shana Landsburg, finally happened across fourteen-year old Mark-Paul Gosselaar and was immediately struck by the teen's charisma, charm, and good looks. After a quick read-through, Gosselaar was immediately given the role.[4]

text: After casting Zack Morris, the next character sought after was Morris's nerdy friend, Samuel "Screech" Powers. Gosselaar was asked to read through the script with a number of kids, and a second audition was scheduled for finalists. It was Gosselaar himself who insisted that Dustin Diamond was right for the part as he believed Diamond was Screech in real life. After reading through the script, Diamond was given the part, although Engel later found out that he had misread his head shot and Diamond was considerably younger than the rest of the cast—a fact that, had he been aware, might have prevented Engel from casting him.[5]

text: Lisa Turtle was originally conceived as a rich Jewish princess from Long Island, spoiled, materialistic, and obsessed with shopping. While still casting from the role, African-American actress Lark Voorhies was brought into Engel's office, and he immediately knew she was perfect for the role despite the fact that it meant rewriting the character.[6][7]

text: The school principal, Mr. Gerald Belding, as originally conceived on Good Morning, Miss Bliss, was an older, humorless man, and was played in the 1987 pilot by character actor Oliver Clark.[7][8] After the show was retooled for Disney Channel, the character's first name was changed to Richard and he was recast, with Dennis Haskins ultimately winning the role. Mr. Belding was rewritten to be significantly younger and to have a much different sense of humor[7]

text: When Good Morning, Miss Bliss was retooled as Saved by the Bell, four actors and their respective characters from the original series were brought over to the new series: Gosselaar, Diamond, Voorhies, and Haskins. The rest of the cast was fired, and Engel sought to replace them with new characters who would complement the old ones.[9]

text: The first of the new characters, A.C. Slater, was conceived as a young John Travolta type who would be an army brat and wear a leather jacket. He was originally conceived of as Italian-American. However, when all efforts to cast the character were unsuccessful, Engel asked that the part be opened up to other races. Two days later, Mario Lopez, a dancer and drummer of Latino descent from Kids Incorporated auditioned for the role. Lopez was, by far, the best actor who auditioned, and was cast.[9]

text: For Kelly Kapowski, the love interest of both Zack and Slater, producers were able to narrow the field down to three actresses: Tiffani-Amber Thiessen, Elizabeth Berkley, and Jennie Garth. Engel had originally met Thiessen in 1988 while casting for Good Morning, Miss Bliss and was impressed with how much her acting had improved. He wanted her for the role, believing she had the perfect all-American girl appeal for the role, while others felt that Berkley, as the more experienced actress, would be a more reliable choice. Ultimately, Engel convinced the others after a read-through with Lopez, and Thiessen received the role.[9][7]

text: Engel and the other producers did not want to lose Berkley, however, as she was the strongest actress they'd seen during casting. Berkley originally auditioned for the role of Karen, a love-interest of Zack's on Good Morning, Miss Bliss, but lost the role because she was so much taller than Gosselaar at the time. Engel believed that, now that her height was more even with the rest of the cast, she could be perfect. They were not having much luck in casting the third new character, Jessie Spano, who was conceived as a strong, feminist activist and a straight-A student, so Engel suggested offering the role to Berkley, who gladly accepted it.[9][7]

text: Rounding out the new cast was real-life magician Ed Alonzo as Max, the owner of the gang's frequent cafe hangout, The Max, who frequently performed magic tricks.[10] Alonzo's role, however, would ultimately only last through the end of the first season, and he left after a single guest appearance during season two.[11]

text: In 1992, Saved by the Bell unexpectedly received an order for an additional eleven episodes to be shot after the graduation episode. However, Thiessen and Berkley had already decided to leave the show. Though producers knew they couldn't replace Kelly and Jessie, they also knew they couldn't leave Lisa as the only girl on the show. A new character, Tori Scott, was created as a cool but pretty biker girl who would also serve as a love interest for Zack and also act as a nemesis for him initially. Leanna Creel was cast for the part. Rather than develop a second new character, the producers decided to rely more on minor recurring characters such as Ginger, Ox, and Big Pete.[12]

text: Production[edit]

text: Good Morning, Miss Bliss[edit]

text: In 1986, Brandon Tartikoff, then-president of NBC, asked Peter Engel to develop the pilot for a new prime time series, Good Morning, Miss Bliss Tartikoff had been inspired by his sixth grade teacher, Miss Bliss, and had long wanted to make a show about someone like her. The series would focus on Miss Carrie Bliss, a recently married sixth grade teacher at the fictional John F. Kennedy Junior High School in Indianapolis. Though Sandy Duncan was originally considered for the titular role, the series ultimately became a vehicle for former British child star Hayley Mills. Veteran writer Sam Bobrick was brought on to write the episode and the cast included future stars Jonathan Brandis, Brian Austin Green, and Jaleel White.[13][7]

text: The pilot aired on June 11, 1987, but NBC had decided not to pick up the series even before it was shown. Tartikoff didn't want to give up on the show, though, and made a deal with the Disney Channel to air thirteen episodes of the series in prime time. If the initial order did well, Disney was prepared to order an additional seven-seven.[13] The show was completely retooled, with Mills the sole remaining cast member from the pilot. Miss Bliss's class was changed from the sixth grade to the eight grade, and the kids would be more central to the story.[4]

text: Good Morning, Miss Bliss aired from 1988 to 1989. However, the show failed to pick up a following and did poorly in the ratings. By the time the last episode aired, Disney had already decided against ordering more.[14][7]

text: Saved by the Bell[edit]

text: Tartikoff felt there had been strong elements to Good Morning, Miss Bliss and wanted to try the show again with a different time slot and a different approach. The elements featuring the kids had been well-received, so Tartikoff wanted to drop Miss Bliss from the show altogether and focus entirely on the teens. NBC had been losing the high end of their animated audience, kids from ten to twelve, so the idea was to create a live action comedy to air on Saturday mornings, a new idea at the time.[14][7][15]

text: Engel was skeptical of the new format at first, and did not want to make children's programming. However, his wife convinced him that making the show would be a worthwhile endeavor, and he soon told Tartikoff he would do the show.[14] Engel felt, however, that Indianapolis was not exciting as a location, and moved the show to a semi-fictional part of Los Angeles, "the Palisades." The main locations of the show would be the teenager's school, Bayside High, and The Max, a fictional eatery they frequent. In addition, they would film before a live studio audience.[7][16]

text: The majority of the cast was replaced, and Tartikoff gave a seven episode commitment for the show. In a meeting with Engel and Tartikoff, senior producer Tom Tenowich suggested the name Saved by the Bell. Though Engel hated the name, Tartikoff loved it. The name stuck, and filming commenced, with the first episode, "Dancing to the Max," airing in prime time on August 20, 1989.[16][17]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season / Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Network

First aired
Last aired

Good Morning, Miss Bliss
Pilot
July 11, 1987 (1987-07-11)
NBC

13
November 30, 1988 (1988-11-30)
March 18, 1989 (1989-03-18)
Disney Channel

Season 1
16
August 20, 1989 (1989-08-20)
December 16, 1989 (1989-12-16)
NBC

Season 2
18
September 8, 1990 (1990-09-08)
December 23, 1990 (1990-12-23)

Season 3
26
September 14, 1991 (1991-09-14)
December 21, 1991 (1991-12-21)

Season 4
26
September 12, 1992 (1992-09-12)
May 22, 1993 (1993-05-22)

Hawaiian Style
4
November 27, 1992 (1992-11-27)

The College Years
19
May 22, 1993 (1993-05-22)
February 8, 1994 (1994-02-08)

Wedding in Las Vegas
4
October 7, 1994 (1994-10-07)

text: Films[edit]

text: Saved by the Bell: Hawaiian Style[edit]

text: In 1992, NBC approved the production of a feature-length made-for-television Saved by the Bell film to air in prime time. Titled Saved by the Bell: Hawaiian Style, the film followed the six teenagers from the show as they vacationed in Hawaii with Kelly's grandfather, Harry Bannister (Dean Jones). They soon discover Mr. Belding also happens to be there, and the seven are caught up in a plan to save Harry's resort from a greedy developer.[7][18]

text: The film was written by Bennet Tramer and directed by Don Barnhart. Due to budget constraints, the much of the film was shot in Santa Monica, with only location shots that could not easily be faked were shot in Hawaii. The shooting schedule in Hawaii turned out to be massive, even after Engel and Barnhart scouted the location. Real-life lifeguards were hired as extras during beach scenes to ensure the safety of the cast.[7][18]

text: Saved by the Bell: Hawaiian Style was ultimately successful in the ratings, and ultimately paved the way for Saved by the Bell: The College Years airing in prime time.[18]

text: Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas[edit]

text: Following the cancellation of Saved by the Bell: The College Years on a cliffhanger in 1994, NBC President Warren Littlefield commissioned a second Saved by the Bell film to both conclude the story started in the final episode of Saved by the Bell: The College Years in which Zack and Kelly become engaged, and acts as a series finale for the original Saved by the Bell. The story features Zack, Kelly, Slater, Screech, and Lisa travelling to Las Vegas so Zack and Kelly can elope after their parents disapprove of their impending marriage.[7][19]

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: The show was popular enough to justify two spin-offs, both of which premiered in 1993.

text: Saved by the Bell: The College Years[edit]

text: Following the conclusion of Saved by the Bell, an idea came out of a focus group for Saved by the Bell: The New Class, in addition to creating a new cast of characters, to continue the story of the original Saved by the Bell cast. The new show aired in prime time and feature only Zack, Slater, and Screech from the original cast attending the fictional California University and living in a suite with a new cast of girls. Kelly later joined the cast after the pilot.[7][20]

text: Although ratings started out promising, they quickly plateaued against the competition of Full House and Rescue 911, two well-established, popular shows in prime time. Saved by the Bell: The College Years was ultimately cancelled after only one season of nineteen episodes. The events of the final episode would lead directly into the second Saved by the Bell film: Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas.[7][20]

text: Saved by the Bell: The New Class[edit]

text: In 1993, NBC decided it wanted to extend the Saved by the Bell franchise with a new show, Saved by the Bell: The New Class. Also set at Bayside, the show would follow a new cast of characters as they navigate their high school years. Reprising his role from the original series was Dennis Haskins, once again as their principal, Mr. Belding. Following the cancellation of Saved by the Bell: The College Years in 1994, Peter Engel asked Dustin Diamond to reprise his role as Samuel "Screech" Powers, who was returning to Bayside on a work-study program as Mr. Belding's administrative assistant.[7][20][21]

text: Saved by the Bell: The New Class ran for seven seasons and 143 episodes, from 1993 to 2000. The cast was constantly revolving, with Haskins as the only constant throughout all seven seasons. By the end of the series, the show had run out of ideas. The show was not generally well-received, and some today believe that it failed to recapture the charm of the original series.[7][20][21][22]

text: Reunions[edit]

text: On April 9, 2006, Cartoon Network's Adult Swim announced that Saved by the Bell would air at midnight as a two-week special starting April 17. On April 19, 2006, Adult Swim also posted on their website that Saved by the Bell was back in production. A week later, the announcement was exposed as a joke.[23]

text: On March 27, 2009, NBC's Late Night with Jimmy Fallon launched a campaign to get the cast on board for a Saved by the Bell reunion. Fans signed an online petition and pledged their support for the cast to reunite on the show. Dennis Haskins, Lark Voorhies, Mario Lopez, Elizabeth Berkley, and Mark-Paul Gosselaar agreed to a reunion.[24][25] Gosselaar reprised his role as Zack Morris in a skit on Late Night on June 8, 2009, while promoting his then current TNT drama, Raising the Bar. The spoof interview closed with a performance of "Friends Forever," originally by Zack Attack, where Zack played guitar and sang with backing from Fallon's house band, The Roots. Tiffani Thiessen posted a parody video to the website Funny or Die, where she claimed she was too busy to join the reunion.[26]

text: The cast reunited in August 2009 for a photo shoot in People Magazine. Diamond was not invited to participate in the photo shoot because of poor relationships with the rest of the cast. Diamond's image was also edited out of the 1989 cast photo that was used on the cover inset of an issue of People Magazine to show how the cast looked 20 years later.[27]

text: The cast convened again when Haskins, Diamond, Gosselaar, Voorhies, and Lopez did their own voices in a Saved by the Bell Saw parody, called "Sawed by the Bell", on "Boo Cocky", a season three episode of Robot Chicken. Gosselaar also provided audio commentary for the episode on the DVD.

text: On February 4, 2015, the cast appeared on a skit on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon while episodes of the program were taped in Los Angeles. Haskins, Gosselaar, Lopez, Berkley and Thiessen all participated, though Voorhies and Diamond did not, with Thiessen's real-life pregnancy, Lopez's involvement with Dancing with the Stars and Berkley's film Showgirls the targets of some of the humor.[28]

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The theme song for Saved by the Bell was written by composer Scott Gayle against the implicit instructions of Engel. Though Engel had not been able to keep the show from being named Saved by the Bell, he was determined to prevent the phrase from showing up in the theme. He gave explicit orders to his team of composers that he would not accept any theme that referenced the title, and the group agreed to leave out the phrase.[7][16]

text: A week later, Engel listened to the first four composers and, though they followed his instructions, the songs were flat and nothing special. Gayle played his song next and, though he explicitly violated Engel's instructions, Engel couldn't help but admit it was the best and perfect for the show. Engel would later comment that he was glad Gayle had not followed his instructions.[7][16]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Lionsgate Home Entertainment released all four seasons of Saved By The Bell, broken into five seasons (season 4 split in two) on DVD in Region 1. However, the episodes on these and all subsequent releases are the edited versions as used in syndication, with scenes cut for time. Lionsgate released the two feature-length TV movies on DVD, in Region 1, on August 7, 2007.[29] On March 13, 2012, Lionsgate (distributed by Alliance Films) released Saved By The Bell: The Complete Collection on DVD in Canada.[30] The 13-disc set features all 86 episodes of the series as well as the two reunion tele-films.

text: On November 5, 2013, Lionsgate released a complete-series set in the United States.[31] It does not contain the reunion movies but does include some bonus commentaries.

text: In Region 2, Fabulous Films has released all 5 seasons on DVD in the UK.[32][33][34][35]

text: Contender Entertainment Group released the 2 reunion tele-films on DVD in the UK in 2004.[36][37]

text: In Region 4, Shock Entertainment released Season One on DVD in Australia on February 10, 2010.[38]

text:
DVD name
Ep #
Region 1
Special Features

Saved By The Bell: Seasons One & Two
33
September 2, 2003 (2003-09-02)
None

Saved By The Bell: Seasons Three & Four
29
April 27, 2004 (2004-04-27)
Selected Episodes Commentaries

Saved By The Bell: Season Five
24
July 19, 2005 (2005-07-19)
In-depth Documentary Focusing on Series Phenomenon

Saved By The Bell: Hawaiian Style / Wedding In Las Vegas
2
August 7, 2007 (2007-08-07)
None

Saved By The Bell: The Complete Collection (CAN)
88
March 13, 2012 (2012-03-13)
Selected Episodes Commentaries
In-depth Documentary Focusing on Series Phenomenon
2 Saved By The Bell Movies

Saved By The Bell: The Complete Series (USA)
86
November 5, 2013 (2013-11-05)
Saturday Morning: from toons to teens
It's Alright: Back To The Bell
Selected Episodes Commentaries
In-depth Documentary Focusing On Series Phenomenon

text:
DVD name
Ep #
Region 2 (UK)
Special Features

Hawaiian Style
Film
May 17, 2004
Behind The Scenes

Wedding In Las Vegas
Film
May 17, 2004
Behind The Scenes

Season One
16
March 20, 2010

Season Two
18
October 1, 2012

Season Three
26
October 1, 2012

Season Four
26
October 1, 2012

Complete Series
86
July 2, 2012

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Saved by the Bell: Soundtrack to the Original Hit TV Series

Saved by the Bell soundtrack cover.

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
April 11, 1995 (1995-04-11)

Recorded
1989–1992

Genre
Rock/Pop

text: A CD and cassette tape soundtrack was released on April 11, 1995.[39] It contained songs used throughout the series. The track listing is as follows:

text:
"Saved by the Bell"
"Don't Leave With Your Love"
"Go for It!"
"Love Me Now"
"Make My Day"
"Friends Forever"
"Did We Ever Have a Chance?"
"Deep Within My Heart"
"Surfer Dude"
"Gone Hawaiian"
"School Song"
"Saved by the Bell" with Michael Damian

tag: ol

text: List of Saved By the Bell Novels[edit]

text: There have 21 novelizations based on the show, released by the publisher Boxtree Ltd, all written by Beth Cruise. The books all feature the main cast and have the same storylines that relate to the main-plots in the TV shows.

text:
Title
ISBN Number
Release Date(s)

Zack Strikes Back
(ISBN 0020427778)
1 Jul 1992

Class Trip Chaos
(ISBN 0020427654)
1 Oct 1992

Bayside Madness
(ISBN 0020427751)
15 Mar 1993

California Scheming
(ISBN 002042776X)
15 Mar 1993

Zack's Last Scam
(ISBN 0020427670)
15 Mar 1993

Girl's Night Out
(ISBN 0020427662)
15 Apr 1993

Impeach Screech
(ISBN 002042762X)
1 May 1993

One Wild Weekend
(ISBN 0020427638)
1 May 1993

Kelly's Hero
(ISBN 0020427697)
1 Oct 1993

Computer Confusion
(ISBN 0020427840)
31 May 1994

Best Friend's Girl
(ISBN 0020427867)
30 Aug 1994

Zack in Action
(ISBN 0020419775)
31 Oct 1994

Operation Clean Sweep
(ISBN 002042793X)
2 Dec 1994

That Old Zack Magic
(ISBN 0752206133)
30 Mar 1995

Surf's Up!
(ISBN 0689802099)
1 Aug 1995

Fireside Manners
(ISBN 0689800924)
31 Dec 1995

Picture Perfect
(ISBN 0689800932)
31 Dec 1995

Screech in Love
(ISBN 0689802102)
31 Dec 1995

Ex-Zack-Ly
(ISBN 0689802102)
31 Dec 1995

Silver Spurs
(ISBN 0752201867)
15 Apr 1996

Don't Tell a Soul
(ISBN 0752201913)
15 Apr 1996

text: Several unofficial books relating to the show have also been published.

text:
Title
Writer
ISBN Number
Publisher
Release Date(s)

"Behind the Scenes at 'Saved by the Bell': An inside Look at TV's Hottest Teen Show"
Beth Cruise
(ISBN 0020427786)
Prentice Hall & IBD
15 Feb 1993

"Super Saved by the Bell Scrapbook"
Beth Goodman
(ISBN 0590471686)
Scholastic Trade
1 May 1993

"Saved by the Bell: Ring Out the Old, Ring in the New Scrapbook"
Nancy E. Krulik
(ISBN 0590480863)
Scholastic Paperbacks
1 May 1994

"Saved by the Bell: Guide to Life"
Alan Sepinwall
(ISBN 076244326X)
Running Press, U.S.
9 Aug 2011

text: Comic books[edit]

text: In 1992, Harvey Comics published a short-lived Saved by the Bell Comic series. Seven issues were released, including a Christmas and a Summer special. The comic was generally not well-received, with comic book critic Matt D. Wilson saying "its character likenesses for the show's starts were rough at best."[40]

text: In 2014, Lion Forge Comics announced that its new all-ages imprint, ROAR Comics, would publish a new Saved by the Bell comic. Set initially during the gang's freshman year of high school, the comic serves as a modern update to the classic series. It premiered in March 2014 alongside ROAR's adaptation of Punky Brewster.[40][41]

text: Behind the Bell[edit]

text: In 2009, Dustin Diamond published an inside story of the show's cast and crew from his point of view, entitled Behind the Bell.[42] The book paints an unflattering portrait of many of Diamond's colleagues and their alleged backstage behavior. Some of Diamond's claims have been refuted by colleagues and questioned by critics.[43] Diamond also alleges in the book that he had sex with 2,000 women, one of them being NBC's Vice President of children's programming, Linda Mancuso, who was 18 years his senior.[44][45] Diamond later disclaimed responsibility for much of the book's content, blaming his ghostwriter for fabricating salacious stories.[46]

text: The Unauthorized Saved by the Bell Story aired on Lifetime on September 1, 2014.[47]

text: Bayside! The Musical! The Saved by the Bell Parody[edit]

text: In September 2013, Bayside! The Musical! The unauthorized parody of Saved by the Bell opened at NYC's Theatre 80. Bayside! The Musical! was named a New York Times Critics' Pick.[48] Bayside! The Musical! was written and directed by Bob and Tobly McSmith, the same creative team behind Showgirls! The Musical! In contrast to the wholesome nature of Saved by the Bell, Bayside! The Musical! contains strong language and adult situations throughout. The show's run has been extended 6 times.

text: Bayside! originally debuted in 2005 under the title Bayside! The UnMusical![49] The following year a sequel was produced called Bayside 2! Electric Screechio[50] The show then took several years off, reopening in 2012 at NYC's Kraine Theatre with a revamped script and new cast[51] Following the success of Showgirls! The Musical! the show's creators Bob and Tobly McSmith revisited their script and reworked it from the ground up.

text: The show has had appearances from original Saved by the Bell cast members such as Dustin Diamond[52] and Dennis Haskins.[53]