document_title: Chapters and verses of the Bible

question_text: who put the bible in chapters and verses

text: Chapters and verses of the Bible

text: History[edit]

text: Chapters[edit]

text: The original manuscripts did not contain the chapter and verse divisions in the numbered form familiar to modern readers. In antiquity Hebrew texts were divided into paragraphs (parashot) that were identified by two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Peh פ indicated an "open" paragraph that began on a new line, while Samekh ס indicated a "closed" paragraph that began on the same line after a small space.[1] These two letters begin the Hebrew words open (patuach) and closed (sagoor), and are, themselves, open פ and closed ס. The earliest known copies of the Book of Isaiah from the Dead Sea Scrolls used parashot divisions, although they differ slightly from the Masoretic divisions.[2] (This is different from the use of consecutive letters of the Hebrew alphabet to structure certain poetic compositions, known as acrostics, such as several of the Psalms and most of the Book of Lamentations.)

text: The Hebrew Bible was also divided into some larger sections. In Israel the Torah (its first five books) were divided into 154 sections so that they could be read through aloud in weekly worship over the course of three years. In Babylonia it was divided into 53 or 54 sections (Parashat ha-Shavua) so it could be read through in one year.[2] The New Testament was divided into topical sections known as kephalaia by the fourth century. Eusebius of Caesarea divided the gospels into parts that he listed in tables or canons. Neither of these systems corresponds with modern chapter divisions.[3] (See fuller discussions below.)

text: Chapter divisions, with titles, are also found in the 9th century Tours manuscript, Paris Bibliothèque Nationale MS Lat. 3, the so-called Bible of Rorigo.[4]

text: Archbishop Stephen Langton and Cardinal Hugo de Sancto Caro developed different schemas for systematic division of the Bible in the early 13th century. It is the system of Archbishop Langton on which the modern chapter divisions are based.[5][6][7]

text: While chapter divisions have become nearly universal, editions of the Bible have sometimes been published without them. Such editions, which typically use thematic or literary criteria to divide the biblical books instead, include John Locke's Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul (1707),[8] Alexander Campbell's The Sacred Writings (1826),[9] Richard Moulton's The Modern Reader's Bible (1907),[10] Ernest Sutherland Bates' The Bible Designed to Be Read as Living Literature (1936),[11] The Books of the Bible (2007) from the International Bible Society (Biblica), and the ESV Reader's Bible[12] from Crossway Books.

text: Verses[edit]

text: Since at least 916 the Tanakh has contained an extensive system of multiple levels of section, paragraph, and phrasal divisions that were indicated in Masoretic vocalization and cantillation markings. One of the most frequent of these was a special type of punctuation, the sof passuq, symbol for a full stop or sentence break, resembling the colon (:) of English and Latin orthography. With the advent of the printing press and the translation of the Bible into English, Old Testament versifications were made that correspond predominantly with the existing Hebrew full stops, with a few isolated exceptions. Most attribute these to Rabbi Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus's work for the first Hebrew Bible concordance around 1440.[6]

text: The first person to divide New Testament chapters into verses was Italian Dominican biblical scholar Santi Pagnini (1470–1541), but his system was never widely adopted.[13] His verse divisions in the New Testament were far longer than those known today.[14] Robert Estienne created an alternate numbering in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament [15] which was also used in his 1553 publication of the Bible in French. Estienne's system of division was widely adopted, and it is this system which is found in almost all modern Bibles. Estienne produced a 1555 Vulgate that is the first Bible to include the verse numbers integrated into the text. Before this work, they were printed in the margins.[14]

text: The first English New Testament to use the verse divisions was a 1557 translation by William Whittingham (c. 1524–1579). The first Bible in English to use both chapters and verses was the Geneva Bible published shortly afterwards in 1560. These verse divisions soon gained acceptance as a standard way to notate verses, and have since been used in nearly all English Bibles and the vast majority of those in other languages. (Nevertheless, some Bibles have removed the verse numbering, including the ones noted above that also removed chapter numbers; a recent example of an edition that removed only verses, not chapters, is The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language by Eugene H. Peterson.)[16]

text: Jewish tradition[edit]

text: The Hebrew Masoretic text of the Bible notes several different kinds of subdivisions within the biblical books:

text: Verse endings[edit]

text: Most important are the verse endings. According to the Talmudic tradition, the division of the text into verses is of ancient origin.[17] In Masoretic versions of the Bible, the end of a verse is indicated by a small mark in its final word called a silluq (which means "stop"). Less formally, verse endings are usually also indicated by two horizontal dots following the word with a silluq.

text: Parashiyot[edit]

text: The Masoretic textual tradition also contains section endings called parashot, which are usually indicated by a space within a line (a "closed" section) or a new line beginning (an "open" section). The division of the text reflected in the parashot is usually thematic. Unlike chapters, the parashot are not numbered, but some of them have special titles.

text: In early manuscripts (most importantly in Tiberian Masoretic manuscripts, such as the Aleppo codex), an "open" section may also be represented by a blank line, and a "closed" section by a new line that is slightly indented (the preceding line may also not be full). These latter conventions are no longer used in Torah scrolls and printed Hebrew Bibles. In this system, the one rule differentiating "open" and "closed" sections is that "open" sections must always start at the beginning of a new line, while "closed" sections never start at the beginning of a new line.

text: Sedarim[edit]

text: Another division of the biblical books found in the Masoretic text is the division of the sedarim. This division is not thematic, but is almost entirely based upon the quantity of text. For the Torah, this division reflects the triennial cycle of reading that was practiced by the Jews of the Land of Israel.

text: Christian versions[edit]

text: The Byzantines also introduced a concept roughly similar to chapter divisions, called kephalaia (singular kephalaion, literally meaning heading). This system, which was in place no later than the 5th century, is not identical to the present chapters. Unlike the modern chapters, which tend to be of roughly similar length, the distance from one kephalaion mark to the next varied greatly in length both within a book and from one book to the next. For example, the Sermon on the Mount, comprising three chapters in the modern system, has but one kephalaion mark, while the single modern chapter 8 of the Gospel of Matthew has several, one per miracle. Moreover, there were far fewer kephalaia in the Gospel of John than in the Gospel of Mark, even though the latter is the shorter text. In the manuscripts, the kephalaia with their numbers, their standard titles (titloi) and their page numbers would be listed at the beginning of each biblical book; in the book's main body, they would be marked only with arrow-shaped or asterisk-like symbols in the margin, not in the text itself.

text: The titles usually referred to the first event or the first theological point of the section only, and some kephalaia are manifestly incomplete if one stops reading at the point where the next kephalaion begins (for example, the combined accounts of the miracles of the Daughter of Jairus and of the healing of the woman with a haemorrhage gets two marked kephalaia, one titled of the daughter of the synagogue ruler at the beginning when the ruler approaches Jesus and one titled of the woman with the flow of blood where the woman enters the picture – well before the ruler's daughter is healed and the storyline of the previous kephalaion is thus properly concluded). Thus the kephalaia marks are rather more like a system of bookmarks or links into a continuous text, helping a reader to quickly find one of several well-known episodes, than like a true system of chapter divisions.

text: Cardinal Hugo de Sancto Caro is often given credit for first dividing the Latin Vulgate into chapters in the real sense, but it is the arrangement of his contemporary and fellow cardinal Stephen Langton who in 1205 created the chapter divisions which are used today. They were then inserted into Greek manuscripts of the New Testament in the 16th century. Robert Estienne (Robert Stephanus) was the first to number the verses within each chapter, his verse numbers entering printed editions in 1551 (New Testament) and 1571 (Hebrew Bible).[18]

text: The division of the Bible into chapters and verses has received criticism from some traditionalists and modern scholars. Critics state that the text is often divided in an incoherent way, or at inappropriate rhetorical points, and that it encourages citing passages out of context. Nevertheless, the chapter and verse numbers have become indispensable as technical references for Bible study.

text: Several modern publications of the Bible have eliminated numbering of chapters and verses. Biblica published such a version of the NIV in 2007 and 2011. In 2014, Crossway published the ESV Reader's Bible and Bibliotheca published a modified ASV.[19] Projects such as Icthus[20] also exist which strip chapter and verse numbers from existing translations.

text: Protestant Bible statistics[edit]

text: The number of words can vary depending upon aspects such as whether the Hebrew alphabet in Psalm 119, the superscriptions listed in some of the Psalms, and the subscripts traditionally found at the end of the Pauline epistles, are included. Except where stated, the following apply to the King James Version of the Bible in its modern 66-book Protestant form including the New Testament and the protocanonical Old Testament, not the deuterocanonical books.

text: Chapters[edit]

text:
There are 929 chapters in the Old Testament.

187 chapters in the Pentateuch
249 chapters in the Historical books
243 chapters in the Poetic books ("Wisdom")
183 chapters in the Major prophets
67 chapters in the Minor prophets

There are 260 chapters in the New Testament.

89 chapters in the Gospels
28 chapters in Acts
87 chapters in the Pauline Epistles (excluding Hebrews)
34 chapters in the General Epistles (including Hebrews)
22 chapters in Revelation

This gives a total of 1,189 chapters (on average, 18 per book).
Psalm 117 is the middle chapter of the Bible, being the 595th Chapter.[21]
Psalm 117 is also the shortest chapter of the Bible.
Psalm 119 is the longest chapter of the Bible.
Five books are a single chapter: Obadiah, Philemon, 2 & 3 John, Jude. In many printed editions, the chapter number is omitted for these books, and references just use the verse numbers.

text:
Old Testament - 929 chapters [22]

Book / Division
Chapters

Pentateuch
187

Genesis
50

Exodus
40

Leviticus
27

Numbers
36

Deuteronomy
34

Historical Books
249

Joshua
24

Judges
21

Ruth
4

1 Samuel
31

2 Samuel
24

1 Kings
22

2 Kings
25

1 Chronicles
29

2 Chronicles
36

Ezra
10

Nehemiah
13

Esther
10

Books of Wisdom (or "Poetry")
243

Job
42

Psalms
150

Proverbs
31

Ecclesiastes
12

Song of Solomon
8

Major Prophets
183

Isaiah
66

Jeremiah
52

Lamentations
5

Ezekiel
48

Daniel
12

Minor Prophets
67

Hosea
14

Joel
3

Amos
9

Obadiah
1

Jonah
4

Micah
7

Nahum
3

Habakkuk
3

Zephaniah
3

Haggai
2

Zechariah
14

Malachi
4

text:
New Testament - 260 chapters [22]

Book / Division
Chapters

Gospels
89

Matthew
28

Mark
16

Luke
24

John
21

History
28

Acts
28

Pauline Epistles
87

Romans
16

1 Corinthians
16

2 Corinthians
13

Galatians
6

Ephesians
6

Philippians
4

Colossians
4

1 Thessalonians
5

2 Thessalonians
3

1 Timothy
6

2 Timothy
4

Titus
3

Philemon
1

General Epistles
34

Hebrews
13

James
5

1 Peter
5

2 Peter
3

1 John
5

2 John
1

3 John
1

Jude
1

Apocalyptic Writings
22

Revelation
22

text: Verses[edit]

text:
There are 23,145 verses in the Old Testament and 7,957 verses in the New Testament. This gives a total of 31,102 verses,[22] which is an average of a little more than 26 verses per chapter.
Contrary to popular belief, Psalm 118 does not contain the middle verse of the Bible. The King James Version has an even number of verses (31,102), with the two middle verses being Psalm 103:1–2.[23]
John 11:35 ("Jesus wept") is the shortest verse in most English translations. Some translations — including the New International Version, New Living Translation, New Life Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible and New International Reader's Version — render Job 3:2 as "He said". However, that is a translators' condensation of the Hebrew which literally translated is: "And Job answered and said."
The shortest verse in the Greek New Testament is Luke 20:30 ("και ο δευτερος", "And the second") with twelve letters, according to the Westcott and Hort text. In the Textus Receptus, the shortest verse is 1 Thessalonians 5:16 ("παντοτε χαιρετε", "Rejoice always") with fourteen letters,[24] since Stephanus' rendering of Luke 20:30 includes some additional words.[25]
Isaiah 10:8 ("Dicet enim") is the shortest verse in the Latin Vulgate.[26]
Esther 8:9 is the longest verse in the Masoretic Text. The discovery of several manuscripts at Qumran (in the Dead Sea Scrolls) has reopened what is considered the most original text of 1 Samuel 11; if one believes that those manuscripts better preserve the text, several verses in 1 Samuel 11 surpass Esther 8:9 in length.


document_title: Animal fiber

question_text: name the animal from which we get wool

question_tokens: name the animal from which we get wool

root

text: Animal fiber

text: Silk[edit]

text: Silk is a "natural" protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.  The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity. Rearing of silks is called sericulture.  Degummed fibers from B. mori are 5-10 μm in diameter. The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fibers' triangular prism-like cross-sectional structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles.

tag: p

text: The length of the silk fiber depends on how it has been prepared. Since the cocoon is made of one strand, if the cocoon is unwound carefully the fibers can be very long.

text: Spider silk is the strongest natural fiber known.  The strongest dragline silk is five times stronger than steel and three times tougher than Kevlar.  It is also highly elastic, the silk of the ogre-faced spider can be stretched six times its original length without damage.  As of 2005, there is no synthetic material in production that can match spider silk, but it is actively being sought by the U.S. military for such applications as body armour, parachutes and rope.  Genetically engineered goats have been raised to produce spider silk in their milk at a cost of around $1,500 per gram.[1][2]

text: Wool[edit]

text: Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats, alpacas, and rabbits may also be called wool.

text: Alpaca[edit]

text: Alpaca fiber is that of an alpaca. It is warmer than sheep's wool and lighter in weight. It is soft, fine, glossy, and luxurious. The thickness of quality fiber is between 12-29 micrometers. Most alpaca fiber is white, but it also comes in various shades of brown and black.

text: Angora[edit]

text: Angora wool or Angora fiber refers to the down coat produced by the Angora rabbit. There are many types of Angora rabbits - English, French, German and Giant. Angora is prized for its softness, thin fibers of around 12-16 micrometers for quality fiber, and what knitters refer to as a halo (fluffiness). The fiber felts very easily. Angora fiber comes in white, black, and various shades of brown.

text: Bison[edit]

text: Bison is the soft undercoat of the American Bison. The coat of the bison contains two different types of fiber. The main coat is made up of coarse fibers (average 59 micrometers) called guard hairs, and the downy undercoat (average 18.5 micrometers). This undercoat is shed annually and consists of fine, soft fibers which are very warm and protect the animal from harsh winter conditions. [3]

text: Cashmere[edit]

text: Cashmere wool is wool obtained from the Cashmere goat. Cashmere is characterized by its luxuriously soft fibers, with high napability and loft. In order for a natural goat fiber to be considered Cashmere, it must be under 18.5 micrometers in diameter and be at least 3.175 centimeters long. It is noted as providing a natural light-weight insulation without bulk. Fibers are highly adaptable and are easily constructed into fine or thick yarns, and light to heavy-weight fabrics.

text: Mohair[edit]

text: Mohair is  a silk-like fabric or yarn made from the hair of the Angora goat. It is both durable and resilient. It is notable for its high luster and sheen, and is often used in fiber blends to add these qualities to a textile. Mohair also takes dye exceptionally well.

text: Sheep's wool[edit]

text: Wool has two qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it has scales which overlap like shingles on a roof and it is crimped; in some fleeces the wool fibers have more than 20 bends per inch. Wool varies in diameter from below 17 micrometers to over 35 micrometers. The finer the wool, the softer it will be, while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to pilling.

text: Qiviut[edit]

text: Qiviut is the fine underwool of the muskox. Qiviut fibers are long (about 5 to 8 cm), fine (between 15 and 20 micrometers in diameter), and relatively smooth. It is approximately eight times warmer than sheep's wool and does not felt or shrink.

text: Fiber from other animals[edit]

text: Hand spinners also use fiber from animals such as llamas, camels, yak, and possums. These fibers are generally used in clothing.

text: Hair from animals such as horses is also an animal fiber. Horsehair is used for brushes, the bows of musical instruments and many other things. The best artists brushes are made from Siberian weasel, many other fibers are used including ox hair and hog bristle.  Camel-hair brushes are usually made from squirrel, cheaper ones from pony, but never camels.  Chiengora is dog hair.

text: Fibre[edit]

text: Wool from a wide range of animals can be used for handicrafts and garments. The table below lists a variety of animal fibers and the approximate average diameter of each.

text:
Average diameter of some of the finest, natural fibers[4]

Animal

Fiber diameter (micrometres)

Vicuña

6–10

Alpaca (Suri)

10–15

Muskox (Qiviut)

11–13

Merino sheep

12–20

Angora rabbit (Angora wool)

13

Cashmere goat (Cashmere wool)

15–19

Yak (Yak fiber)

15–19

Camel (Camel hair)

16–25

Guanaco

16–18

Llama (Tapada)

20–30

Chinchilla

21

Angora goat (Mohair)

25–45

Huacaya alpaca

27.7

Llama (Ccara)

30–40

tag: table


document_title: Survivor: Game Changers

question_text: who voted for sarah to win survivor 2017

text: Survivor: Game Changers

text: Casting[edit]

text: According to host Jeff Probst, this season featured former contestants from the show that were considered "game changers"—those whose strategies and risky moves either affected, or would have significantly affected, how their season played out. Probst stated that in preceding seasons, "we’ve had so many new players that were good players, and the game has continued to escalate in terms of the level of gameplay that it suddenly became apparent that we actually have a lot of great game players." Producers also sought out applicable contestants from earlier seasons in order to ensure balanced representation of players from throughout the program's history.[1]

text: Probst also pointed out that Game Changers was being cast even while the 33rd season, Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X, was still filming. Because of this, two of the 20 slots for Game Changers were reserved for Season 33 players, in case producers wanted to ask any of them back. If no one from that season were deemed suitable, producers had two earlier players in mind for the final two spots.[4] Worlds Apart co-runner-up Carolyn Rivera was one of the players considered for this season's cast, but she was cut by producers at the last moment.[6] Her spot was given to Michaela Bradshaw from Millennials vs. Gen X.[4] San Juan del Sur winner Natalie Anderson was originally cast on the season as well, but she ultimately had to back out shortly before filming began due to medical reasons.[7] Her spot on the cast was filled on short notice by Worlds Apart contestant Sierra Dawn Thomas.[8]

text: With their appearance in this season, Cirie Fields and Ozzy Lusth join Rob Mariano and Rupert Boneham as the only players to have appeared in four seasons of Survivor.[1]

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
List of Survivor: Game Changers contestants

Contestant
Original tribe
First
switched tribe
Second
switched tribe
Merged tribe
Finish

Eastin, CieraCiera Eastin
27, Salem, Oregon
Blood vs. Water & Cambodia
Mana

20 !1st voted out
Day 3

Vlachos, TonyTony Vlachos
42, Jersey City, New Jersey
Cagayan
Mana
19 !2nd voted out
Day 6

Reynolds, CalebCaleb Reynolds
28, Hopkinsville, Kentucky
Kaôh Rōng
Mana
Mana
18 !3rd voted out
Day 9

Freberg, MalcolmMalcolm Freberg
29, Hermosa Beach, California
Philippines & Caramoan
Mana
Nuku
17 !4th voted out
Day 11

Thomas, Jr., James "J.T."James "J.T." Thomas, Jr.
31, Mobile, Alabama
Tocantins & Heroes vs. Villains
Nuku
Nuku
16 !5th voted out
Day 13

Diaz-Twine, SandraSandra Diaz-Twine
41, Fayetteville, North Carolina
Pearl Islands & Heroes vs. Villains
Mana
Nuku
Nuku
15 !6th voted out
Day 16

Varner, JeffJeff Varner
50, High Point, North Carolina
The Australian Outback & Cambodia
Mana
Nuku
Nuku
14 !7th voted out
Day 18

Ford, HaliHali Ford
26, San Francisco, California
Worlds Apart
Mana
Mana
Mana
Maku Maku
13 !8th voted out
1st jury member
Day 21

Lusth, Oscar "Ozzy"Oscar "Ozzy" Lusth
34, Venice, California
Cook Islands, Micronesia & South Pacific
Nuku
Tavua
Nuku
12 !9th voted out
2nd jury member
Day 24

Wanner, DebbieDebbie Wanner
51, Reading, Pennsylvania
Kaôh Rōng
Nuku
Mana
Nuku[a]
11 !10th voted out
3rd jury member
Day 26

Smith, ZekeZeke Smith
28, Brooklyn, New York
Millennials vs. Gen X
Nuku
Tavua
Nuku
10 !11th voted out
4th jury member
Day 29

Thomas, Sierra DawnSierra Dawn Thomas
29, Roy, Utah
Worlds Apart
Nuku
Mana
Mana
9 !12th voted out
5th jury member
Day 32

Boehlke, AndreaAndrea Boehlke
27, New York City, New York
Redemption Island & Caramoan
Nuku
Tavua
Nuku
8 !13th voted out
6th jury member
Day 33

Bradshaw, MichaelaMichaela Bradshaw
25, Fort Worth, Texas
Millennials vs. Gen X
Mana
Nuku
Mana
7 !14th voted out
7th jury member
Day 35

Fields, CirieCirie Fields
45, Norwalk, Connecticut
Panama, Micronesia & Heroes vs. Villains
Nuku
Tavua
Mana
6 !Eliminated[b]
8th jury member
Day 36

Bracco , AubryAubry Bracco
30, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Kaôh Rōng
Mana
Nuku
Mana
5 !15th voted out
9th jury member
Day 37

Trang, TaiTai Trang
52, San Francisco, California
Kaôh Rōng
Nuku
Mana
Nuku
4 !16th voted out
10th jury member
Day 38

Robertson, Troy "Troyzan"Troy "Troyzan" Robertson
54, Miami, Florida
One World
Mana
Tavua
Mana
2nd runner-up

Culpepper, BradBrad Culpepper
47, Tampa, Florida
Blood vs. Water
Nuku
Mana
Mana
Runner-up

Lacina, SarahSarah Lacina
32, Marion, Iowa
Cagayan
Nuku
Tavua
Nuku
Sole Survivor

text:
Jump up ^ Debbie was initially exiled after not drawing a buff during the second tribe swap. She joined the tribe that lost the next Immunity Challenge, Nuku, directly after their Tribal Council.
Jump up ^ After all other remaining castaways became immune — Brad by winning the immunity challenge; Aubry, Tai and Troyzan by playing hidden immunity idols; and Sarah by playing the legacy advantage — Cirie was eliminated by default.

tag: ol

text: Season summary[edit]

text: The 20 returning players were initially divided into two tribes: Mana and Nuku. Nuku fared way better in challenges; throughout two tribe switches, original tribal lines held strong and the Nuku members were able to eliminate most of the Mana tribe.

text: When the tribes merged, two main factions emerged: an alliance led by Sierra and Brad and one led by Andrea and Cirie, with Sarah navigating between the two groups to eliminate members from each. Though she settled with Cirie and Andrea’s group to decimate the other alliance, she later betrayed them to align with Brad and his last remaining ally, Troyzan; the three then used a series of immunities and advantages to secure the majority and reach the end of the game together.

text: At the Final Tribal Council, Troyzan was overlooked by the jury for being Brad's follower throughout the game, and went on to receive no votes to win. Sarah was commended for her strategic control and social flexibility but criticized for manipulating personal relations for strategic gain, while Brad was lauded for his challenge prowess but condemned for his condescending attitude. Ultimately, the jury awarded Sarah with the title of Sole Survivor with seven votes to Brad’s three.

text:
Challenge winners and eliminations by episodes

Episode title
Original air date
Challenge winner(s)
Eliminated
Finish

Reward
Immunity

"The Stakes Have Been Raised"
March 8, 2017
Nuku

Ciera
1st voted out
Day 3

Nuku

Nuku
Tony
2nd voted out
Day 6

"Survivor Jackpot"
March 15, 2017
Nuku
Caleb
3rd voted out
Day 9

Tavua

"The Tables Have Turned"
March 22, 2017
Nuku
Tavua[a]
Malcolm
4th voted out
Day 11

Mana

"Dirty Deed"
March 29, 2017
Tavua
Mana
J.T.
5th voted out
Day 13

Nuku
Tavua

"Vote Early, Vote Often"
April 5, 2017
None[b]
Debbie[c]
Sandra
6th voted out
Day 16

Mana

"What Happened on Exile, Stays on Exile"
April 12, 2017
Nuku
Mana
Jeff
7th voted out
Day 18

"There's a New Sheriff in Town"
April 19, 2017
None[d]
Andrea
Hali
8th voted out
1st jury member
Day 21

Andrea,
Debbie,
Ozzy,
Tai,
Troyzan,
Zeke
Tai
Ozzy
9th voted out
2nd jury member
Day 24

"A Line Drawn in Concrete"
April 26, 2017
Andrea,
Aubry,
Brad,
Debbie,
Sierra
Troyzan
Debbie
10th voted out
3rd jury member
Day 26

"Reinventing How This Game is Played"
May 3, 2017
Andrea,
Aubry,
Brad,
Sarah,
Zeke
Andrea
Zeke
11th voted out
4th jury member
Day 29

"It is Not a High Without a Low"
May 10, 2017
Andrea,
Aubry,
Brad
[Cirie,
Sarah]
Brad
Sierra
12th voted out
5th jury member
Day 32

"Parting is Such Sweet Sorrow"
May 17, 2017
None
Aubry
Andrea
13th voted out
6th jury member
Day 33

Brad
Michaela
14th voted out
7th jury member
Day 35

"No Good Deed Goes Unpunished"
May 24, 2017
Brad
[Sarah, Troyzan][e]
Cirie
Eliminated[f]
8th jury member
Day 36

None
Brad
Aubry
15th voted out
9th jury member
Day 37

Brad
Tai
16th voted out
10th jury member
Day 38

"Reunion"

Jury vote[9]

Troyzan
2nd runner-up

Brad
Runner-up

Sarah
Sole Survivor

text:
Jump up ^ Only one tribe won the immunity challenge, sending the other two tribes to Tribal Council together to eliminate a single player.
Jump up ^ There was no reward challenge due to the tribe switch.
Jump up ^ Debbie was exiled after drawing a package containing no buff during the second tribe switch. She joined the tribe that lost the next Immunity Challenge, Nuku, directly after their Tribal Council.
Jump up ^ There was no reward challenge due to the merge.
Jump up ^ The winner of the challenge also received reward.
Jump up ^ After all other remaining castaways became immune — Brad by winning the immunity challenge; Aubry, Tai and Troyzan by playing hidden immunity idols; and Sarah by playing the legacy advantage — Cirie was eliminated by default.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
CBS recap
Rating/share
(18-49)
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
Weekly
rank

500[2]
1
"The Stakes Have Been Raised"
Recap
1.7/6[10]
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
7.64[10]
15[11]

As the game began, the 20 contestants were divided into two tribes, Mana and Nuku.

Reward Challenge: The tribes were given a few minutes to grab supplies from a boat to bring back to their camps. The castaways were also given the chance to swim out to a nearby buoy and release a large toolkit; the first player to release the toolkit claimed it for their tribe.

Ozzy won the kit for Nuku. During the scramble, Sierra found an envelope. At the Nuku camp, she learned that she had found a "legacy advantage," which would give her immunity when either thirteen or six castaways remained; if she were voted out before then, she would privately will it to someone else following her elimination. Cirie worried that Ozzy, who she had betrayed on Survivor: Micronesia, would target her out of revenge, which he did. At Mana, Tony immediately declared that he was going to look for a hidden immunity idol, which caused his tribe to distrust him. Ciera discussed getting rid of Tony or Caleb, his closest ally, but only earned the ire of her tribemates for strategizing too much.

Reward/Immunity Challenge: Seven tribemates rowed a raft through the water, where one of the rowers retrieved a key from a tower. After the rowers completed an obstacle course to return to shore, they dug to retrieve two bags of puzzle pieces. Another tribemate then used keys to unlock the third bag of pieces. The final two tribemates used the pieces to solve a ship's wheel puzzle; the first tribe to use their finished puzzle to raise a flag won immunity and flint. Challenge from Blood vs. Water.

Nuku won the challenge. At camp, Mana targeted Ciera for her strategizing but told her the target was Michaela. Michaela was angry after finding out she was the decoy target, which caused some of her tribemates to reconsider their plans, but at Tribal Council, the tribe stayed united and voted Ciera out.
After Tribal Council, Tony and Sandra — the tribe's only winners — discussed how no one else would let a former winner win this season, and agreed to align, forming an alliance with Aubry, Caleb and Malcolm. However, Tony later overheard Sandra talking with Troyzan, and believed she was targeting him. At Nuku, Cirie tried to recruit allies against Ozzy.

Reward/Immunity Challenge: Six tribemates swam out toward a cage to retrieve a 400-pound snake filled with puzzle pieces. Once the snake was brought back to shore, another tribemate used the pieces to solve a combination lock and unlock eight rings; the three non-swimming castaways then tossed rings onto a series of eight paddles. The first tribe to have rings on all paddles won immunity and a fishing kit. Challenge from Caramoan and Cagayan.

Nuku won the challenge. Back at camp, Tony and Sandra campaigned against the other — Tony argued that Sandra needed to go for her poor challenge performances and status as the only two-time winner, while Sandra argued that Tony's inability to remain calm made others paranoid. Ultimately, the tribe sided with Sandra and Tony was voted out.

501
2
"Survivor Jackpot"
Recap
1.7/7[12]
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
7.87[12]
11[13]

The day after Tony's elimination, the castaways were redistributed into three tribes: Brad, Caleb, Debbie, Hali, Sierra and Tai formed the Mana tribe; Aubry, Jeff, J.T., Malcolm, Michaela, and Sandra formed the Nuku tribe; and Andrea, Cirie, Ozzy, Sarah, Troyzan and Zeke formed the Tavua tribe, having to build a new shelter from scratch.
All three new tribes were divided by original tribal lines, putting Hali and Caleb in the minority on Mana, J.T. on the outs of Nuku and Troyzan on the outs of Tavua. On Mana, Caleb reunited with Kaôh Rōng ally Tai, who tried to bring Caleb into his majority alliance. On Nuku, J.T. stranded his new tribemates out on the ocean while on a snorkeling trip in order to look for a hidden immunity idol, but failed to find it. At Tavua, Troyzan discovered a clue to his tribe's hidden immunity idol, which was planted at the next immunity challenge.

Reward/Immunity Challenge: Three tribemates are tied together and must navigate through a rope obstacle course where they will fill a bucket with water and climb over a teeter-totter in order to fill it up enough to lower a gate. Another set of tribemates will untie puzzle pieces to solve a puzzle. The first two tribes to finish win immunity but the first tribe has a choice of comfort or spices for their food, with the item not chosen going to the second place tribe. Challenge from San Juan del Sur.

Nuku and Tavua won the challenge, and Troyzan retrieved the hidden immunity idol while his tribe celebrated. At Mana, Tai tried to convince his alliance to target Hali over Caleb, but Brad warned Tai that keeping Caleb in the game would only strengthen the perception of Caleb and Tai as a strong pair, making them larger targets come the merge. At Tribal Council, Tai decided to stay loyal to his alliance, and joined his tribemates in sending Caleb out of the game.

502
3
"The Tables Have Turned"
Recap
1.7/7[14]
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
8.10[14]
10[15]

After eliminating Caleb, the Mana tribe's majority alliance confirmed their plans to vote out Hali next.

Reward Challenge: Only two members from each tribe competed in this challenge. One tribe member must navigate over three balance beams while carrying a ball on the end on a stick that gets longer with each completed beam. The second tribe member uses the ball after untying knots on a table to retrieve a key, which unlocks a chest of sandbags to be used to knock down a series of bamboo targets. The first tribe to finish wins coffee, iced tea and chocolate cookies while the second place tribe wins a thermos of iced coffee. Challenge from Blood vs. Water.

J.T. and Malcolm won the challenge for Nuku, Brad and Tai placed second for Mana, while Ozzy and Troyzan lost for Tavua. At the Tavua camp, Ozzy continued to provide food for his tribe, while Troyzan was further outcast for losing the challenge. On Nuku, J.T. bonded with Malcolm, and tried convincing him to target Sandra next.

Immunity Challenge: One tribe member is chosen to be a "caller" while the others are blindfolded. The caller will direct the tribemates to a rope, which they will pull to topple over a bucket full of color coated water and containing a bag of balls. After all three bags are found, they must navigate the three balls through a table maze controlled by pulleys. The first tribe to do this won immunity, sending the other two tribes to a joint Tribal Council to eliminate a single castaway. Challenge from One World.

Tavua won the challenge, sending Mana and Nuku to a Joint Tribal Council, where they would go to vote out someone together. At Nuku, Sandra wanted to vote out Sierra for being Mana's strongest female competitor, while J.T. tried to target Tai for his perceived sneakiness. The Mana tribe debated between voting out either Sandra or Malcolm. The Mana tribe had one fewer member than Nuku, but Tai found his tribe's hidden immunity idol shortly before Tribal Council, promising his tribemates he would use it that night to counter their numerical disadvantage.
At Tribal Council, both tribes attempted to realign with original tribemates Hali and J.T., who attempted to convince their former tribemates to target Brad and Sandra, respectively. J.T. quietly told Brad that Nuku's target was Sierra, in hopes that it would allow the Mana tribe to save her with their hidden immunity idol and eliminate Sandra. However, though Brad convinced Tai to play his idol on Sierra, negating the six votes against her, the Mana tribe targeted Malcolm instead, eliminating him from the game. As the tribes left Tribal Council, Michaela blamed J.T. for Malcolm's elimination.

503
4
"Dirty Deed"
Recap
1.8/7[16]
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
8.26[16]
15[17]

After Malcolm's elimination, J.T. tried to defend his actions at Tribal Council; however, his tribemates continued to distrust him. This prompted J.T. to search for the hidden immunity idol, which he found.

Reward Challenge: One tribe member would retrieve a bow and a disc respectively using a lasso, while another member would dig up two balls to be balanced on both the bow and disc. Two tribe members would then balance the balls across two balance beams of various difficulty to reach a table, with the final member solving a slide puzzle. The first tribe to finish wins milk and a plate of peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.

Tavua placed first while Nuku placed second, as Debbie's struggles on the balance beam caused Mana to lose the challenge. At Tavua, Sarah aligned with outsider Troyzan. At Mana, Debbie was furious over her poor performance in the challenge, and lashed out at Brad, labeling him the tribe's dictator. Tai later found a clue to the tribe's new hidden immunity idol. At Nuku, J.T. and Michaela squabbled over the latter's consumption of the sugar they had previously won. In order to keep the two fighting, Sandra ate the rest of the sugar, causing J.T. to accuse Michaela of the act.

Immunity Challenge: The tribes raced over a wall, rolled a wooden cube to a post from which they unspooled a ring of keys. They then used the keys to unlock a chest filled with 100 sandbags; after transporting the bags across a balance beam, they used a slingshot to launch the bags at five targets. The first two tribes to knock down all five of their targets won immunity. Challenge from South Pacific and Millennials vs. Gen X.

Mana placed first and Tavua placed second. At the Nuku camp, J.T. and Michaela targeted each other; Aubry sided with J.T., but Sandra teamed up with Michaela out of revenge for Malcolm's elimination. Both sides lobbied for Jeff's vote, but he ultimately chose to vote against J.T., who chose not to bring his hidden immunity idol to Tribal Council and was eliminated from the game. After J.T.'s elimination, Sandra confessed to eating the sugar.

504
5
"Vote Early, Vote Often"
Recap
1.7/7[18]
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
8.40[18]
14[19]

At Mana, Tai deciphered his idol clue and discovered the hidden immunity idol underneath the water well. Later that day, the castaways were redistributed into two tribes by random draw: Aubry, Brad, Cirie, Hali, Michaela, Sierra, and Troyzan formed the new Mana tribe; Andrea, Jeff, Ozzy, Sandra, Sarah, Tai, and Zeke formed the new Nuku tribe; and Debbie was exiled for drawing the empty parcel, to later join the tribe that lost the next immunity challenge following their Tribal Council.
On Mana, lone men Brad and Troyzan bonded, and Brad pledged to bring Troyzan into his alliance with Sierra. On Nuku, Jeff and Sandra were outsiders for being the only original Mana members. Though Zeke had bonded with Jeff, Zeke led the original Nuku alliance into claiming that they were against Tai in order to avoid Jeff and Sandra from scrambling, allowing them to take the latter out. Living at a new camp, Tai instinctively decided to check for a hidden immunity idol underneath the well, which he then found. Debbie was exiled to a yacht, where she enjoyed a feast and was joined by Survivor: Caramoan winner John Cochran, who gave her game advice. At the conclusion of his visit, he gave Debbie a choice between three advantages: a kit to construct a fake hidden immunity idol, an extra vote at any Tribal Council of her choice, and an advantage for her tribe at her next immunity challenge. She chose the extra vote.

Immunity Challenge: Castaways navigated obstacles in the water, and then retrieved heavy puzzle pieces along the way. After transporting the pieces back to their mat, three tribe members used them to solve the puzzle. The first tribe to complete the puzzle won immunity.

Mana won the challenge. Back at camp, Jeff was confident that Tai was going home, but Sandra was skeptical, and campaigned against Tai for his original season bond with Aubry and Debbie. Though her tribemates agreed with her points, they still planned to eliminate her that night. However, Tai accidentally told Jeff that Sandra was the target, which made the others anxious. At Tribal Council, Sandra took advantage of Tai's paranoia, leading to Tai openly telling his tribemates to target Ozzy for being a physical threat, causing a huge argument between Tai and Zeke over Tai's unpredictability. Jeff and Sandra retaliated by telling their tribemates to vote out Tai for being untrustworthy. However, when the votes were read, the original Nuku tribe stayed loyal and sent Sandra out of the game, voting her out for the first time after 94 days of cumulative play over three seasons. Debbie then joined the Nuku tribe.

505
6
"What Happened on Exile, Stays on Exile"
Recap
1.7/7[20]
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
8.31[20]
8[21]

At Nuku, Debbie joined her new tribe while Jeff planned on trying to convince everyone to get rid of Ozzy for being a physical threat come the merge.

Reward Challenge: The tribes unspooled ribbons around a maypole to release a key to unlock planks. They then used the planks to assemble a ladder, and climbed up it to retrieve a bag of balls and navigate through an obstacle course. One tribe member then used a foot-operated catapult to launch the balls into a series of nets. The first tribe to get a ball in all five nets won pizza and soft drinks. Challenge from Worlds Apart.

Nuku won the challenge. Following their loss, the Mana tribe members tearfully discussed the emotional toll of the game — Brad discussed his newfound empathy towards the experiences of his wife Monica, who played the game in One World and Blood vs. Water, which later prompted Aubry and Cirie to approach Brad about aligning, putting Hali and Michaela on the outs of the tribe. At Nuku, Jeff began making his moves against Ozzy, recruiting both Sarah and Zeke. Zeke apologized for leaving Jeff out of the Sandra vote and promised to be honest with him moving forward, with plans of reaching the Final Tribal Council together.

Immunity Challenge: Three tribe members were pulled across the water in a boat. One tribe member then dove down and retrieved buoys with letters on them from a net. After untying all of the buoys, three tribemates deciphered the buoys to spell out a single word; the first tribe to solve the puzzle won immunity.

Mana won the challenge after deciphering the word "METAMORPHOSIS". At Nuku, Jeff tried to convince Zeke again to get rid of Ozzy but Zeke was conflicted due to his strategy of keeping larger targets in the game as shields. Zeke's hesitance caused Jeff to believe that Zeke and Ozzy had a secret alliance, which he exposed to the other tribe members, causing them to question their loyalties. At Tribal Council, a desperate Jeff outed Zeke as a transgender man, and tried to insinuate that Zeke's hiding this aspect of his life showed an ability to be deceitful. However, everyone else—including host Jeff Probst—quickly and emphatically rebuked Jeff Varner for this tactic. After a long discussion, Varner apologized, and expressed shame and remorse for what he had done. Seeing that Varner's actions would clearly lead to his elimination, Probst took an open roll call from all of the players, then had Varner eliminated without a formal vote.

506
7
"There's a New Sheriff in Town"
Recap
1.7/7[22]
April 19, 2017 (2017-04-19)
7.92[22]
11[23]

The day after Jeff Varner's elimination, host Jeff Probst announced that the tribes were merging; however, before the celebratory feast, the players were told that one player from Mana and Nuku had to sit out or else the tribe members would receive only crackers and iced tea. Brad volunteered for Mana and Tai volunteered for Nuku, and the tribes were merged. While their tribemates feasted, Brad and Tai reconnected and affirmed their alliance, with Brad targeting Hali and Michaela, outsiders from the third Mana tribe. Debbie later apologized to Brad for her earlier outburst against him, and they realigned.
Though the rest of the tribe agreed to target Hali and Michaela, two smaller factions emerged within the majority: Brad and Sierra's alliance with Debbie, Tai and Troyzan, who wanted to eliminate Michaela; and Cirie's alliance with Andrea and Zeke, who wanted to eliminate Hali. Cirie began mentoring Michaela in order to reduce the latter's target, and the two discussed becoming the first pair of African-American women to reach the final Tribal Council.

Immunity Challenge: Castaways stood on a wooden frame, balancing a block between their head and the top of the frame without the assistance of their hands. The last contestant with their block remaining won immunity. Challenge from Cagayan and Worlds Apart.

Andrea won the challenge. Back at camp, Sierra believed that Hali had a hidden immunity idol, and conspired to split the votes between her and Michaela. However, Cirie and Zeke worked to change the target from Michaela to Hali in order to save Michaela. Ultimately, Cirie's plan won out and Hali was eliminated, becoming the first member of the jury.
The next morning, Cirie and Michaela solidified their alliance, and Cirie tried to rally Aubry, Andrea, Michaela, Ozzy, Sarah, and Zeke together against Brad and Sierra. However, Zeke felt like he had become a subordinate to Andrea and Cirie, and considered betraying them.

Reward Challenge: Divided into two teams of six, two teammates swam out and retrieved a net with fish-shaped puzzle pieces. Two more teammates untied the pieces and put them on hooks attached to a beam, then brought the beam to the last two teammates, who used the pieces to solve a puzzle. The first tribe to solve their puzzle won a spa day and a hamburger lunch. Challenge from Kaôh Rōng.

Andrea, Debbie, Ozzy, Tai, Troyzan and Zeke won the challenge. While at the spa, Zeke began lobbying against Andrea and Cirie, but Debbie was skeptical.

Immunity Challenge: Each castaway held onto a tall pole as long as possible without falling off. The last castaway remaining on their pole won immunity. Challenge from Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Tocantins, Heroes vs. Villains, South Pacific, Blood vs. Water, and Worlds Apart.

Tai outlasted Ozzy to win immunity. Back at camp, Zeke told Sierra that she was being targeted by Cirie's alliance. Sierra told Cirie that Zeke told her about their plans, which prompted Cirie to target Zeke. However, Debbie decided to target Ozzy instead for his strength in challenges, and she rallied Brad, Sierra, Sarah, Tai, and Troyzan together. Sarah found herself caught between Debbie's and Cirie's factions; at Tribal Council, Sarah sided with Debbie, who used her extra vote to ensure Ozzy's elimination.

507
8
"A Line Drawn in Concrete"
Recap
1.8/7[24]
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)
8.49[24]
9[25]

After Ozzy's elimination, Debbie planned to stay strong with her alliance with Brad, Sarah, Sierra, Tai, and Troyzan. Andrea confronted Zeke about his betrayal, but Sarah later talked to Zeke about working together.

Reward Challenge: Divided into two teams of six, one castaway at a time raced through a series of obstacles in the water. After all five teammates were at the end platform, one teammate at a time used a grappling hook to retrieve rings in the water. The first team to retrieve all five of their rings won a trip to the Yasawa Islands to enjoy a picnic. Challenge from Worlds Apart.

Michaela was not chosen to compete. Andrea, Aubry, Brad, Debbie, and Sierra won the challenge after Cirie struggled on the balance beam; after the challenge, everyone encouraged Cirie to complete the balance beam, which she did. As the losing castaways were leaving the challenge, Sarah spotted an advantage by the sit-out bench that Michaela had failed to notice, and retrieved it without being spotted. Back at camp, she learned that the advantage gave her the ability to steal another player's vote at any Tribal Council until the final five, prohibiting them from voting while allowing her to vote twice. On the reward, Andrea campaigned against Zeke while at camp, Cirie encouraged Sarah to flip on the majority alliance.

Immunity Challenge: The castaways held a rope attached to an unbalanced table to keep the table level, while maneuvering between two platforms retrieving and stacking blocks with letters on them; if their stack dropped, they had to restart. The first castaway to stack all eight blocks in correct order, spelling "IMMUNITY", won the challenge. Challenge from Kaôh Rōng.

Troyzan won immunity. Back at camp, the majority alliance decided to target Andrea for being a strategic threat. However, Sarah felt excluded from the decision, and conspired with Zeke to overthrow the majority, though she later reconsidered after Sierra proposed a final three deal with Sarah and Debbie. Debbie instructed Aubry to vote against Michaela, and told Aubry that Sarah didn't trust her in order to gain Aubry's trust. However, Aubry told the others, including Sarah, about Debbie's comments, which made Sarah consider voting Debbie out for her volatility. At Tribal Council, Sarah decided to flip on the majority alliance, joining the others in sending Debbie to the jury.

508
9
"Reinventing How This Game is Played"
Recap
1.8/8[26]
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
8.26[26]
12[27]

After Debbie's elimination, Sarah admitted to flipping on Brad and Sierra's alliance, while the new majority alliance made Sierra their next target.

Reward Challenge: The players were divided into two teams of five; three teammates, one at a time, raced through a series of obstacles to a chair, where five other tribemates used a pulley system to lift them across a vertical structure to retrieve ten puzzle pieces. Once all thirty pieces were retrieved, three teammates used them to solve a word puzzle. The first tribe to do so won an overnight trip to a luxury resort. Challenge from Millennials vs. Gen X.

Andrea, Aubry, Brad, Sarah and Zeke won the challenge. On the reward, Brad and Zeke bonded, which made the others suspicious, especially an already-wary Andrea. Back at camp, Andrea and Cirie discussed betraying Zeke, though Sarah disagreed; to secure Cirie's trust, Sarah told Cirie about her vote-stealing advantage. Zeke later made a long-term alliance with Brad and Troyzan.

Immunity Challenge: The castaways placed blocks in a line while avoiding ropes that would topple the tiles that were already placed. Once all of the blocks were properly stacked, the castaway would start a domino effect that would drop the last tile on a platform at the other end. The first castaway to do so won immunity. Challenge from Gabon, Redemption Island, Blood vs. Water, and Kaôh Rōng.

Andrea won immunity; safe from Tribal Council, Andrea plotted to eliminate Zeke that night, though Michaela and Sarah were skeptical of giving the other alliance a chance to regain the majority. At Tribal Council, the minority alliance voted against each other to avoid elimination, but the majority alliance betrayed Zeke, sending him to the jury in a vote of 5-3-2.

509
10
"It is Not a High Without a Low"
Recap
1.7/7[28]
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
8.30[28]
11[29]

Returning from Tribal Council, Tai — having been voted against by his allies Brad, Sierra and Troyzan — was recruited into the majority alliance by Cirie; the alliance decided to break up the pair of Brad and Sierra at the next Tribal Council. The following morning, Sierra told Sarah about her legacy advantage in an attempt to gain her trust. Before the reward challenge, the castaways were joined by their loved ones: Sarah's husband, Wyatt; Andrea's mother, Linda; Aubry's sister, Kerry; Sierra's father, Dan; Michaela's mother, Candy; Troyzan's brother, Todd; Tai's boyfriend, Mark; Brad's wife, One World and Blood vs. Water castaway, Monica; and Cirie's son, Jared.

Reward Challenge: Divided into teams of three who are tethered together, each team would race through several obstacles to a table and remove a bundle of ropes to get a key to open a set of bean bags to knock off a series of targets. The first team to knock off all the targets would win. The winners would go with the loved ones to a barbecue.

The team of Andrea, Aubry, and Brad won the challenge and chose Cirie and her son and Sarah and her husband to accompany them on the barbecue. Back at camp, Michaela expressed disappointment at not being able to enjoy the reward with her alliance and spent the time connecting with Tai. The two later formed a pact with Sierra and Troyzan to align with Brad and target Andrea.

Immunity Challenge: The castaways must balance on a small perch while holding a buoy with two handles. The last person left standing would win immunity.

Brad won immunity. The majority alliance decided to target Sierra, while the minority planned to vote against Andrea; both sides tried to convince Michaela and Tai to vote with them. In order to convince Michaela and Tai to vote against Sierra, Sarah told them about Sierra's legacy advantage. At Tribal Council, Tai and Michaela voted with the majority alliance to send Sierra to the jury. While Sierra was leaving, Sarah feigned surprise in order to convince Sierra that she hadn't voted against her; Sarah's ruse worked, and Sierra privately willed her the legacy advantage.

510
11
"Parting is Such Sweet Sorrow"
Recap
1.7/7[30]
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
8.27[30]
8[31]

After Tribal Council, Andrea and Cirie were suspicious of Sarah's reaction after Sierra's elimination. The next morning, Sarah found the legacy advantage that Sierra had left her.

Immunity challenge: The castaways used one hand to hold on to a rope to steady a balancing board. With the other hand, they built a house of cards with wooden tiles on the other end of the board. The first castaway to build a structure tall enough to reach the finish mark won immunity. Challenge from South Pacific and Caramoan.

Aubry won the challenge in six minutes. Back at camp, she tried to rally her allies against Brad, but Andrea tried convincing Aubry to go against Sarah instead. Cirie, wanting to keep Sarah in the game as a bigger target than herself, talked to Sarah about betraying Andrea that night. At Tribal Council, Andrea and Aubry voted against Brad, but Cirie, Michaela and Sarah voted with the minority alliance of Brad, Tai and Troyzan to send Andrea to the jury.
An emotional Aubry, left out of the plan to eliminate Andrea, was consoled by Tai, but Cirie noted that Tai's ability to emotionally connect with others could be threatening.

Immunity challenge: The castaways stood on a pole in the water and lowered a bucket to get water to fill a bamboo chute, which raised a key. After retrieving the key, the castaways swam back to shore and unlocked puzzle pieces. The first castaway to solve the puzzle won immunity. Challenge from Cagayan.

Brad won the challenge. Back at camp, Tai told Aubry he wanted to target Sarah, but Aubry relayed Tai's plan to Cirie, who later told Sarah. Sarah, skeptical about Tai's betrayal, gave Cirie her vote stealer as a sign of trust, which Cirie promised to return to Sarah after that night's Tribal Council. However, Cirie considered using it to save Sarah and eliminate Tai. At Tribal Council, Cirie tried to use the vote stealer to steal Sarah's vote with the intention of voting against Tai twice, but Sarah revealed that the advantage was non-transferable; following some final strategic discussions, Sarah decided to steal Tai's vote instead, and teamed up with Brad and Troyzan to eliminate Cirie's closest ally, Michaela.

511
12
"No Good Deed Goes Unpunished"
Recap
1.9/8[32]
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
8.48[32]
6[33]

After the chaotic Tribal Council, Tai felt as if he had lost all his allies; in an attempt to regroup, he told Brad about his two hidden immunity idols. Brad still felt betrayed after Tai eliminated Brad's closest ally, Sierra, and tried to strongarm Tai into giving him one of his hidden immunity idols, with the intention of eliminating Tai with five players remaining.

Reward/immunity challenge: The castaways navigated a giant maze to retrieve three bags of puzzle pieces; they then used the pieces to solve a puzzle. The first castaway to do so won immunity and a feast. Challenge from Cagayan.

Brad won the challenge and chose to share his reward with Troyzan and Sarah. During their feast, they conspired to split the votes between Aubry and Tai in case of Tai's hidden immunity idols. Tai, put off by Brad's attitude, told Aubry about his idols and promised to play one on her that night to ensure her loyalty; the two teamed up with Cirie to counter the alliance on the reward. At Tribal Council, Aubry, Cirie and Tai voted against Sarah while Brad, Sarah and Troyzan split their votes against Aubry and Tai. Tai played his idols on himself and Aubry, while Sarah played her immunity-granting legacy advantage, which prompted Troyzan to play his hidden immunity idol. As Cirie was the only player left without immunity, she was automatically eliminated despite receiving no votes against her.

Immunity challenge: Each castaway used paddles to maneuver a ball across a series of obstacles on a table course. The first castaway that transferred three balls to the other side of the table won immunity. Challenge from San Juan del Sur.

Brad won the challenge. Brad and Troyzan decided to target Aubry for being more threatening than Tai at the final Tribal Council, while Aubry targeted Troyzan as Brad's closest ally. At Tribal Council, Sarah and Tai decided to vote against Aubry, sending her to the jury.

Final immunity challenge: The castaways raced through a giant tower to retrieve a series of keys that unlocked puzzle pieces. The first castaway to solve the puzzle won immunity. Challenge from Worlds Apart.

Brad won the challenge to earn his fifth and final individual immunity. Out of revenge against Tai's betrayal, Brad and Troyzan planned to vote against him, while Tai tried to convince Sarah to force a tie against Troyzan, believing that either of them could beat him in the resulting fire-making tiebreaker challenge. At Tribal Council, Sarah sided with Brad and Troyzan, and Tai became the tenth and final member of the jury.
The next night, the finalists and jurors convened for the final Tribal Council. Unlike previous seasons, in which jurors addressed the finalists individually with a prepared statement or question, host Jeff Probst led a moderated discussion divided into the game's three major components: "Outwit", "Outplay" and "Outlast". During the discussion, Sarah was commended for her strategic and social manipulation but condemned for manipulating social connections for strategic gain; Brad was applauded for his leadership throughout the game but criticized for arrogance and being in the minority alliance throughout most of the game; and Troyzan was regarded as Brad's follower throughout the game, and paid little attention from the jury.

512
13
"Reunion"
N/A
1.3/5[32]
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
5.84[32]
15[33]

At the live reunion show, it was revealed Sarah won the title of Sole Survivor and $1,000,000 with votes from seven jurors — Hali, Zeke, Andrea, Michaela, Cirie, Aubry and Tai — while Brad placed second with Ozzy, Debbie and Sierra's votes, with Troyzan in third with no votes.

text: Voting history[edit]

text:
Original tribes
First swap
Second swap
Merged tribe

Episode #
1
2
3[a]
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Day #
3
6
9
11
13
16
18
21
24
26
29
32
33
35
36
37
38

Eliminated
Ciera
Tony
Caleb
Malcolm
J.T.
Sandra
Jeff
Hali
Ozzy
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Andrea
Michaela
None
Cirie
Aubry
Tai

Votes
9–1
7–2
5–1
5–0[b]
3–2
5–2
6–0[c]
7–4–2
7–4–1–1[d]
6–5
5–3–2
6–3
6–2
4–2–1
0–0–0[e]
None[e]
4–1
3–1

Voter
Vote

Sarah

Sandra
Jeff
Michaela
Ozzy
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Andrea
Michaela
Michaela
Tai
Immune
Aubry
Tai

Brad

Caleb
Malcolm

Hali
Ozzy
Andrea
Tai
Andrea
Andrea
Michaela
Aubry
Immune
Aubry
Tai

Troyzan
Ciera
Tony

Hali
Ozzy
Andrea
Tai
Andrea
Andrea
Michaela
Tai
Immune
Aubry
Tai

Tai

Caleb
Malcolm

Sandra
Jeff
Hali
Ozzy
Andrea
Sierra
Sierra
Andrea
None[f]
Sarah
Immune
Aubry
Troyzan

Aubry
Ciera
Tony

Sierra
Michaela

Hali
Zeke
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Brad
Tai
Sarah
Immune
Troyzan

Cirie

Michaela
Sierra
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Andrea
Aubry
Sarah
Eliminated

Michaela
Ciera
Tony

Sierra
J.T.

Zeke
Zeke
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Andrea
Tai

Andrea

Sandra
Jeff
Michaela
Zeke
Debbie
Zeke
Sierra
Brad

Sierra

Caleb
Malcolm

Hali
Ozzy
Andrea
Tai
Andrea

Zeke

Sandra
Jeff
Michaela
Aubry
Debbie
Sierra

Debbie

Caleb
Malcolm

Exiled[g]
Jeff
Hali
Ozzy
Ozzy
Andrea

Ozzy

Sandra
Jeff
Hali
Zeke

Hali
Ciera
Tony
Caleb
Malcolm

Zeke

Jeff
Ciera
Tony

Sierra
J.T.
Tai
None[c]

Sandra
Ciera
Aubry

Sierra
J.T.
Tai

J.T.

Sierra
Michaela

Malcolm
Ciera
Tony

Sierra

Caleb
Ciera
Tony
Hali

Tony
Ciera
Aubry

Ciera
Michaela

text:
Jury vote[34]

Episode #
12

Day #
39

Finalist
Troyzan
Brad
Sarah

Votes
7–3–0

Juror
Vote

Tai

Sarah

Aubry

Sarah

Cirie

Sarah

Michaela

Sarah

Andrea

Sarah

Sierra

Brad

Zeke

Sarah

Debbie

Brad

Ozzy

Brad

Hali

Sarah

text:
Jump up ^ On Day 11, a joint Tribal Council was held where two tribes voted together to eliminate one castaway.
Jump up ^ Tai played a hidden immunity idol on Sierra, therefore six votes against her were not counted.
^ Jump up to: a b Following an open and oral poll of his tribemates, in which they confirmed they would all vote for him, Jeff was eliminated without a formal vote.
Jump up ^ Debbie played her extra vote, therefore thirteen votes were cast in total.
^ Jump up to: a b Sarah played the legacy advantage, and Tai played hidden immunity idols on himself and Aubry, therefore three votes against Sarah, two votes against Tai and one vote against Aubry did not count, and there were no counted ballots. As Brad had won the immunity challenge and Troyzan had played an idol on himself, Cirie was the only player non-immune, and was eliminated by default.
Jump up ^ Sarah used her vote stealer on Tai, therefore Tai was ineligible to vote whereas Sarah cast two ballots.
Jump up ^ Debbie was exiled after drawing a package containing no buff during the second tribe switch. She joined the tribe that lost the next Immunity Challenge, Nuku, after their Tribal Council.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The March 8 premiere episode "The Stakes Have Been Raised" faced the smallest viewer audience in the show's history, watched by only 7.643 million viewers and receiving just a 1.7/8 rating/share in the critical 18–49 demographic. While ratings were substantially down from the Survivor: Kaoh Rong and Survivor: Millenials vs. Gen X premieres in February and September the year prior, the series still ranked first in its timeslot, but tied with ABC's The Goldbergs for the 18-49 demo. The series also managed to edge out ABC's Modern Family for total viewership, ranking first but placing second within the demo for the night[35].

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text: Live Ratings[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Episode
Air date
Time slot (EST)
Rating/share
(18–49) [36]
Viewers
(in millions)[37]

500
1
"The Stakes Have Been Raised"
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
Wednesdays
8:00 p.m.
1.7/8
7.643

501
2
"Survivor Jackpot"
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
1.73/9
7.866

502
3
"The Tables Have Turned"
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
1.73/7
8.101

503
4
"Dirty Deed"
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
1.76/8
8.260

504
5
"Vote Early, Vote Often"
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
1.73/8
8.398

505
6
"What Happened on Exile, Stays on Exile"
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
1.74/7
8.314

506
7
"There's a New Sheriff in Town"
April 19, 2017 (2017-04-19)
1.71/7
7.918

507
8
"A Line Drawn in Concrete"
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)
1.75/7
8.493

508
9
"Reinventing How This Game is Played"
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
1.8/7
8.258

509
10
"It is Not a High Without a Low"
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
1.74/6
8.3

510
11
"Parting is Such Sweet Sorrow"
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
1.73/7
8.273

511
12
"No Good Deed Goes Unpunished"
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
1.85/7
8.478

512
13
"Reunion"
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
1.27/8
5.843

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Daniel Fienerg of The Hollywood Reporter gave the season and the finale a mixed review, criticizing the season's confusing direction, saying the season "was pretty good for me for a long time and then it started becoming increasingly confusing, both in terms of in-game momentum and the editing, which relied excessively on misdirection that actually left viewers unable to understand several big votes. Then 90 percent of Wednesday's season finale was infuriating for me, with one frustrating vote after another seemingly leading to a result that I was prepared to be irritated by." He did, however, applaud the winner, saying "The correct person was victorious. And a Survivor season ending up with the "right" winner, or a winner whose path to victory I could see and endorse goes a long way toward me making my peace with a season."[38]

text: Editor of Entertainment Weekly, Dalton Ross, was critical of the season, believing that the final four were "not nearly as engaging or exciting a group as one that would have included any number of people who got voted out early" but still believed that "the right person won." He also noted "there were simply too many immunities and advantages in the game" which became imminent in the tribal council where contestant Cirie Fields was eliminated. "It was almost too much and demonstrates how Game Changers was more about crazy events than solid character arcs."[39]


document_title: List of Super Bowl starting quarterbacks

question_text: qb to win super bowl with 2 teams

question_tokens: qb to win super bowl with 2 teams

text: Winning and losing quarterbacks[edit]

text:
Hall of Famer

Active Player

text:
Season

Winning QB

Team

College

Losing QB

Team

College

1966

Bart Starr

Green Bay Packers

Alabama

Len Dawson

Kansas City Chiefs

Purdue

1967

Bart Starr

Green Bay Packers

Alabama

Daryle Lamonica

Oakland Raiders

Notre Dame

1968

Joe Namath

New York Jets

Alabama

Earl Morrall

Baltimore Colts

Michigan State

1969

Len Dawson

Kansas City Chiefs

Purdue

Joe Kapp

Minnesota Vikings

California

1970

Johnny Unitas

Baltimore Colts

Louisville

Craig Morton

Dallas Cowboys

California

1971

Roger Staubach

Dallas Cowboys

Navy

Bob Griese

Miami Dolphins

Purdue

1972

Bob Griese

Miami Dolphins

Purdue

Billy Kilmer

Washington Redskins

UCLA

1973

Bob Griese

Miami Dolphins

Purdue

Fran Tarkenton

Minnesota Vikings

Georgia

1974

Terry Bradshaw

Pittsburgh Steelers

Louisiana Tech

Fran Tarkenton

Minnesota Vikings

Georgia

1975

Terry Bradshaw

Pittsburgh Steelers

Louisiana Tech

Roger Staubach

Dallas Cowboys

Navy

1976

Ken Stabler

Oakland Raiders

Alabama

Fran Tarkenton

Minnesota Vikings

Georgia

1977

Roger Staubach

Dallas Cowboys

Navy

Craig Morton

Denver Broncos

California

1978

Terry Bradshaw

Pittsburgh Steelers

Louisiana Tech

Roger Staubach

Dallas Cowboys

Navy

1979

Terry Bradshaw

Pittsburgh Steelers

Louisiana Tech

Vince Ferragamo

Los Angeles Rams

Nebraska

1980

Jim Plunkett

Oakland Raiders

Stanford

Ron Jaworski

Philadelphia Eagles

Youngstown State

1981

Joe Montana

San Francisco 49ers

Notre Dame

Ken Anderson

Cincinnati Bengals

Augustana (IL)

1982

Joe Theismann

Washington Redskins

Notre Dame

David Woodley

Miami Dolphins

LSU

1983

Jim Plunkett

Los Angeles Raiders

Stanford

Joe Theismann

Washington Redskins

Notre Dame

1984

Joe Montana

San Francisco 49ers

Notre Dame

Dan Marino

Miami Dolphins

Pittsburgh

1985

Jim McMahon

Chicago Bears

BYU

Tony Eason

New England Patriots

Illinois

1986

Phil Simms

New York Giants

Morehead State

John Elway

Denver Broncos

Stanford

1987

Doug Williams

Washington Redskins

Grambling State

John Elway

Denver Broncos

Stanford

1988

Joe Montana

San Francisco 49ers

Notre Dame

Boomer Esiason

Cincinnati Bengals

Maryland

1989

Joe Montana

San Francisco 49ers

Notre Dame

John Elway

Denver Broncos

Stanford

1990

Jeff Hostetler

New York Giants

West Virginia

Jim Kelly

Buffalo Bills

Miami (FL)

1991

Mark Rypien

Washington Redskins

Washington State

Jim Kelly

Buffalo Bills

Miami (FL)

1992

Troy Aikman

Dallas Cowboys

UCLA

Jim Kelly

Buffalo Bills

Miami (FL)

1993

Troy Aikman

Dallas Cowboys

UCLA

Jim Kelly

Buffalo Bills

Miami (FL)

1994

Steve Young

San Francisco 49ers

BYU

Stan Humphries

San Diego Chargers

Northeast Louisiana[a]

1995

Troy Aikman

Dallas Cowboys

UCLA

Neil O'Donnell

Pittsburgh Steelers

Maryland

1996

Brett Favre

Green Bay Packers

Southern Miss

Drew Bledsoe

New England Patriots

Washington State

1997

John Elway

Denver Broncos

Stanford

Brett Favre

Green Bay Packers

Southern Miss

1998

John Elway

Denver Broncos

Stanford

Chris Chandler

Atlanta Falcons

Washington

1999

Kurt Warner

St. Louis Rams

Northern Iowa

Steve McNair

Tennessee Titans

Alcorn State

2000

Trent Dilfer

Baltimore Ravens

Fresno State

Kerry Collins

New York Giants

Penn State

2001

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

Kurt Warner

St. Louis Rams

Northern Iowa

2002

Brad Johnson

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Florida State

Rich Gannon

Oakland Raiders

Delaware

2003

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

Jake Delhomme

Carolina Panthers

Louisiana–Lafayette

2004

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

Donovan McNabb

Philadelphia Eagles

Syracuse

2005

Ben Roethlisberger

Pittsburgh Steelers

Miami (OH)

Matt Hasselbeck

Seattle Seahawks

Boston College

2006

Peyton Manning

Indianapolis Colts

Tennessee

Rex Grossman

Chicago Bears

Florida

2007

Eli Manning

New York Giants

Ole Miss

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

2008

Ben Roethlisberger

Pittsburgh Steelers

Miami (OH)

Kurt Warner

Arizona Cardinals

Northern Iowa

2009

Drew Brees

New Orleans Saints

Purdue

Peyton Manning

Indianapolis Colts

Tennessee

2010

Aaron Rodgers

Green Bay Packers

California

Ben Roethlisberger

Pittsburgh Steelers

Miami (OH)

2011

Eli Manning

New York Giants

Ole Miss

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

2012

Joe Flacco

Baltimore Ravens

Delaware

Colin Kaepernick

San Francisco 49ers

Nevada

2013

Russell Wilson

Seattle Seahawks

Wisconsin

Peyton Manning

Denver Broncos

Tennessee

2014

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

Russell Wilson

Seattle Seahawks

Wisconsin

2015

Peyton Manning

Denver Broncos

Tennessee

Cam Newton

Carolina Panthers

Auburn

2016

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

Matt Ryan

Atlanta Falcons

Boston College

2017

Nick Foles

Philadelphia Eagles

Arizona

Tom Brady

New England Patriots

Michigan

text: Jump up ^ Now known as Louisiana–Monroe.

text: Quarterbacks with multiple Super Bowl starts[edit]

text:
Hall of Famers

Active Player

*Player is not yet eligible for hall of fame

text:
Starts
Player
Record
Team(s), Super Bowls
Win %
Ref,

8
Tom Brady

5–3
New England Patriots – XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII
62.5%
[1]

5
John Elway

2–3
Denver Broncos – XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXXII, XXXIII
40%
[2]

4
Terry Bradshaw

4–0
Pittsburgh Steelers – IX, X, XIII, XIV
100%
[3]

Joe Montana

4–0
San Francisco 49ers – XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV
100%
[4]

Roger Staubach

2–2
Dallas Cowboys – VI, X, XII, XIII
50%
[5]

Peyton Manning*

2–2
Indianapolis Colts – XLI, XLIV; Denver Broncos – XLVIII, 50
50%
[6]

Jim Kelly

0–4
Buffalo Bills – XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII
0%
[7]

3
Troy Aikman

3–0
Dallas Cowboys – XXVII, XXVIII, XXX
100%
[8]

Bob Griese

2–1
Miami Dolphins – VI, VII, VIII
67%
[9]

Ben Roethlisberger

2–1
Pittsburgh Steelers – XL, XLIII, XLV
67%
[10]

Kurt Warner

1–2
St. Louis Rams – XXXIV, XXXVI; Arizona Cardinals – XLIII
33%
[11]

Fran Tarkenton

0–3
Minnesota Vikings – VIII, IX, XI
0%
[12]

2
Bart Starr

2–0
Green Bay Packers – I, II
100%
[13]

Jim Plunkett

2–0
Oakland/L.A. Raiders – XV, XVIII
100%
[14]

Eli Manning

2–0
New York Giants – XLII, XLVI
100%
[15]

Len Dawson

1–1
Kansas City Chiefs – I, IV
50%
[16]

Joe Theismann

1–1
Washington Redskins – XVII, XVIII
50%
[17]

Brett Favre

1–1
Green Bay Packers – XXXI, XXXII
50%
[18]

Russell Wilson

1–1
Seattle Seahawks – XLVIII, XLIX
50%
[19]

Craig Morton

0–2
Dallas Cowboys – V; Denver Broncos – XII
0%
[20]

text:
BOLD indicates game won
Starr was also 3–1 in NFL Championship games (1960, 1961,1962, 1965) before the NFL and AFL met in the first Super Bowl.
Dawson was also 1–0 in AFL Championship games (1962) before the NFL and AFL met in the first Super Bowl.
There have also been three instances of quarterbacks facing off multiple times in the Super Bowl. Staubach and Bradshaw, Aikman and Kelly, and Brady and Eli Manning all faced each other twice.  In each case the same quarterback (Bradshaw, Aikman and Manning) won both matchups.[21]

tag: ul

text: Quarterbacks with multiple Super Bowl wins[edit]

text: Super Bowl wins are often used to determine the greatness of a quarterback.[22] Of the eligible players, only Jim Plunkett has won multiple Super Bowls and not been inducted into the Hall of Fame. Peyton Manning is the only quarterback to have won Super Bowls for two NFL teams. The following NFL quarterbacks have won multiple Super Bowls as starters.

text:
Hall of Famers

Active Player

text:
Wins
Player
Super Bowls
Team

5
Tom Brady
XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI
New England Patriots

4
Terry Bradshaw
IX, X, XIII, XIV
Pittsburgh Steelers

Joe Montana
XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV
San Francisco 49ers

3
Troy Aikman
XXVII, XXVIII, XXX
Dallas Cowboys

2
Bart Starr
I, II
Green Bay Packers

Bob Griese
VII, VIII
Miami Dolphins

Roger Staubach
VI, XII
Dallas Cowboys

Jim Plunkett
XV, XVIII
Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders

John Elway
XXXII, XXXIII
Denver Broncos

Ben Roethlisberger
XL, XLIII
Pittsburgh Steelers

Eli Manning
XLII, XLVI
New York Giants

Peyton Manning
XLI, 50
Indianapolis Colts; Denver Broncos

text: Quarterbacks with multiple Super Bowl losses[edit]

text: The following NFL quarterbacks have lost multiple Super Bowls as starters.

text:
Hall of Famers

Active Player

text:
Losses
Player
Super Bowls
Team

4
Jim Kelly
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII
Buffalo Bills

3
Tom Brady
XLII, XLVI, LII
New England Patriots

Fran Tarkenton
VIII, IX, XI
Minnesota Vikings

John Elway
XXI, XXII, XXIV
Denver Broncos

2
Craig Morton
V;  XII
Dallas Cowboys; Denver Broncos

Roger Staubach
X, XIII
Dallas Cowboys

Kurt Warner
XXXVI;  XLIII
St. Louis Rams; Arizona Cardinals

Peyton Manning
XLIV;  XLVIII
Indianapolis Colts; Denver Broncos


document_title: Potato wedges

question_text: where did the term jojo's come from

question_tokens: where did the term jojo 's come from

text: Potato wedges

text: Disambiguation[edit]

text: When compared to steak-cut chips (UK), fries (US and global), roasted potatoes or crinkle-cut chips (UK), a wedge could be defined as having distinct corners when viewed as a cross-section perpendicular to the normal- a centreline running along the length of the cut potato form. This can be viewed as a triangular section, should there be 4 corners it would commonly be referred to as just a chip/fries.

text: Other names[edit]

text:
In some regions of the United States, potato wedges are known as jojos.[1] This term originated in Waconia, Minnesota[citation needed] and is also used in the Northwest, Washington, Idaho, Ohio, Oregon, Minnesota, and other areas. Jojos are potato wedges fried in the same vat as chicken and usually eaten plain alongside fried chicken, coleslaw, and baked beans.[2] A variation in spelling and pronunciation is mojos, particularly in Western Canada, the Western United States and Canada's Yukon.[3]
In Germany, they are known as Kartoffelspalten ('potato-clefts'), wilde Kartoffeln ('wild potatoes'), or Westernkartoffeln ('Western potatoes').
In France, they are called potatoes (pronounced as it is in English).[citation needed]
In Sweden, they are called klyftpotatis ('wedge-potatoes').
In Russia, they are known as картофель по-деревенски ('village-style potato') or картофель по-домашнему ('homestyle potato').


document_title: Disney Vacation Club

question_text: what year did the disney vacation club start

text: Disney Vacation Club

text: History[edit]

text: The first Disney Vacation Club property, known as the Disney Vacation Club Resort (later renamed Disney's Old Key West Resort in January, 1996), opened on December 20, 1991 at Walt Disney World. [1] In 1991, Disney had registered its time share plan with the state of Hawaii but did not establish an escrow agreement with Hawaii at the time of its creation. This allowed Disney to advertise its time share company in the state but did not allow for sales.[2] On January 17, 1992, Disney Vacation Club was incorporated as Disney Vacation Development, Inc.[3]

text: On March 30, 1993 Disney Vacation Development Inc announced plans for a 440-unit time-share resort 95 miles south-east of Walt Disney World in Florida[4] with ground breaking on July 28, 1994. This resort hotel, today known as Disney's Vero Beach Resort, opened on October 1, 1995 as the Vacation Club Resort at Vero Beach, Florida.[5] Disney would then open Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort just five months later on March 1, 1996 in Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.[6]

text: Disney's Animal Kingdom Villas opened its first phase in 2007 at $17,000 for a membership. By September 17, 2008, Disney Vacation Development had two new time share properties being built, Bay Lake Tower and Treehouse Villas in Orlando at existing Disney park hotels and both were to open in 2009. Bay Tower was expect for its timeshares to open at $18,000.[7]

text: On October 3, 2007, Disney announced it would open its latest Disney Vacation Club resort on 21 acres it had purchased in Ko Olina Resort, Honolulu/Oahu, with building slated to begin in 2008 with completion in 2011. The resort would offer both DVC units as well as standard hotel rooms for guests of the resort. With the announcement, DVC filed its remaining paperwork to allow its timeshare units to be sold in Hawaii. Three top executives were fired for selling 460 Ko Olina timeshare units for what were deemed unprofitable prices. The Hawaii resort opened as Aulani on August 28, 2011.[8]

text: In early 2011 it was reported that Disney had purchased land near National Harbor, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C., to potentially build a resort similar to the three Disney Vacation Club resorts not located at Walt Disney World. In late November 2011, however, Disney announced that it had canceled plans to build a 500-room resort hotel at National Harbor.[9]

text: In 2011, the company announced that it would no longer allow secondary market DVC points purchasers to use their points on Disney Cruise Line, Adventures by Disney or the Concierge Collection luxury hotel group. In April 2016, Disney Vacation Development also ended the extension of Membership Extras benefits to those who purchase DVC contracts through secondary markets.[10] Disney was one of the last major timeshare companies to eliminated these benefits according to the American Resort Development Association.[11]

text: Starting in mid-2015, DVC began using a nonjudicial foreclosure process forcing auction bidders to be present instead of allowing online bid submissions with the Orange County Clerk of Court's office.[12] In May 2016 DVC approved Vacatia for DVC resales. This would be in addition to such sales through Fidelity Resales. In May 2016, DVC announced that its new property at Disney's Wilderness Lodge would be called Copper Creek Villas & Cabins.[13]

text: A brisk aftermarket with a perceived high resale value exists for the Disney timeshare memberships. In May 2016, Sharket time-share market research company issued a 2015 resale value list (having a score based on resale volume and prices) which saw memberships in Disney Vacation Club locations crowded out the competitors. Saratoga Springs, Bay Lake Tower at the Contemporary and Animal Kingdom Villas were the company's timeshares near the top of the list.[11]

text: Membership[edit]

text: To be a DVC member, one must purchase a one-time real estate interest in one of the Disney Vacation Club Resorts, and thereafter pay annual dues. All memberships are sold as either a ground lease or a term-for-years. Their timeshare may not be sold in Nebraska.[2] Disney includes a Right of first refusal clause in their membership contracts and uses a nonjudicial foreclosure process. The company has only two approved resale companies, Fidelity Resales and Vacatia. [11] Disney also provides time-share loans for the purchaser.[12]

text: Locations[edit]

text:
Aulani

Locations of Disney timeshares

Hilton Head Resort

Vero Beach

Disney World

Grand Californian Villas

Locations of Disney timeshares

text:
Property
Co-located
Location
Units
Opened
Source

The Villas at
Grand Californian Hotel
Disneyland Resort

[7]

Bay Lake Tower
Contemporary Resort
Walt Disney World Resort
300

[7]

Animal Kingdom Villas
Animal Kingdom Lodge

000000002007-01-01-00002007
[7]

Beach Club Villas
Beach Club Resort

BoardWalk Villas
Boardwalk Resort

Polynesian Villas & Bungalows
Polynesian Village Resort

Treehouse Villas at
Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa
60
000000002009-01-01-00002009
[7]

The Villas at
Grand Floridian Resort & Spa

Boulder Ridge Villas
Wilderness Lodge

000000002000-01-01-00002000
[13][14]

Copper Creek

000000002017-07-17-0000July 17, 2017
[14]

Old Key West Resort
(formerly Disney Vacation Club Resort)
stand alone

000000001991-12-20-0000December 20, 1991
[1]

Disney’s Riviera Resort
300
pending fall 000000002019-01-01-00002019
[15]

Vero Beach Resort
Vero Beach, Florida

000000001995-10-01-0000October 1, 1995
[5]

Hilton Head Island Resort
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina

000000001996-03-01-0000March 1, 1996
[6]

Aulani
Ko Olina, Hawaii

000000002011-08-28-0000August 28, 2011
[8]


document_title: Smurfs: The Lost Village

question_text: who plays smurfette in smurfs the lost village

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Smurf Village, the Smurfs live peacefully among themselves and their leader is Papa Smurf. Some of the Smurfs include Clumsy Smurf, Brainy Smurf, Hefty Smurf and Smurfette, who was created by Gargamel from a lump of clay, but redeemed by Papa Smurf and became part of the village. Gargamel makes it his mission to capture the Smurfs, steal all of their essence, and become the most powerful wizard in the world.

text: After Smurfette accidentally breaks an invention by Brainy, she sees a blue creature hidden by a leaf and follows it straight into the Forbidden Forest, believing the creature to be a Smurf. She loses sight of the creature but discovers a hat was dropped by the possible Smurf. Smurfette ends up being captured by Gargamel and at his castle, she ends up inadvertently revealing the hat, enabling Gargamel to mix up a brew that causes him to locate the village on a map. Soon enough Hefty, Brainy, and Clumsy help Smurfette escape and return to Smurf Village, where Papa Smurf punishes them for disobeying his orders and confines them to their houses while dismissing their claims of a lost village filled with Smurfs.

text: Smurfette sneaks out into the night to look for the lost village, however, and Brainy, Clumsy, and Hefty volunteer to come with her. Smurfette agrees to let them join her and together the four enter the Forbidden Forest. Gargamel soon discovers them trying to find the lost village and heads out with Azrael and Monty to stop them.

text: The four follow the map and end up in various adventures, all while encountering bizarre creatures; the four encounter a colony of fire-breathing dragonflies, where Gargamel follows them and tries to have them killed by having the dragonflies attack them. Smurfette, Brainy, Hefty and Clumsy survive, but then end up getting lost in a maze of caverns, where they eventually get out thanks to a stampede of glow-in-the-dark rabbits. The four then head off to a river and sail on a handmade raft along the river to get to the lost village, but then they encounter Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty again. Following a brief chase, Gargamel is thrown out of his own raft, so Hefty and Smurfette convince the others to help save him. They do so, but instead of thanking them, he pushes them out of their raft, leaving them to plunge down a waterfall.

text: Meanwhile, back at Smurf Village, Papa Smurf tries to reconcile with Smurfette over his actions on the previous night but soon discovers she, Brainy, Hefty, and Clumsy are gone, so he sets out to find them and set things right with them. The four are soon captured by the leaf-covered creature along with a few others who reveal themselves to be female Smurfs. They are taken to Smurfy Grove where they meet Smurf Willow, Smurf Storm, Smurf Blossom, Smurf Lily and Smurf Melody, who all welcome the Smurfs to their humble home. Smurf Storm and Clumsy head away from the village to locate Gargamel and alert the others. During the trip, Clumsy reveals that Smurfette was created by Gargamel, which causes Smurf Storm to distrust Smurfette. Gargamel, who was led into a piranha-infested swamp, spots Clumsy and Smurf Storm, and has Monty attack them, but they fly away to return to the village.

text: After a while of showing them what they do, Smurf Storm and Clumsy come back with her telling Smurfette was created by Gargamel. The female Smurfs prepare an attack that night but instead of Gargamel, Papa Smurf appears, and the female Smurfs accept him into their home. Soon, Gargamel comes and destroys Smurfy Grove, capturing all the Smurfs, with the exception of Smurfette, who is now alone, feeling heartbroken for her actions. However, Snappy shows her a picture of her and the others, and realizing she is not a real Smurf, heads back to Gargamel's lair to save the Smurfs.

text: At Gargamel's lair, Brainy makes a plan to escape. Papa Smurf hears their plan and he and Smurf Willow decide to help them. Hefty, Brainy, Clumsy, and some of the female Smurfs succeed at the plan until Gargamel and Azrael spot them and put some of the female Smurfs and Clumsy into his Smurfilator, a machine capable of extracting their essence. Smurfette appears, tricking Gargamel into believing she wants to be an evil smurf again. When Gargamel tries to turn Smurfette into an evil smurf, he realizes Smurfette is absorbing his magic powers instead. Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty are sent flying back into the piranha-infested lake. The Smurfs are freed but despite their victory, Smurfette has reverted back to a lifeless lump of clay.

text: Back at Smurf Village, the Smurfs make a memorial for Smurfette. Their energy and love for Smurfette revives her, and everybody happily celebrates. Smurf Village and Smurfy Grove rejoice in their new unity; in the end, Smurfette finally finds her purpose and most of all, a true-blue Smurf.

text: During the end credits, Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty are walking back to their castle with Gargamel feeling angry in his failure to kill the Smurfs.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Demi Lovato as Smurfette,[10] a girl smurf who was created by the wizard Gargamel. Surrounded by male Smurfs who each have a clear role in the village, she becomes curious about her own purpose.
Rainn Wilson as Gargamel,[10] an evil wizard who seeks to find the Smurfs and steal their magic in order to become the greatest evil wizard in the world.
Mandy Patinkin as Papa Smurf,[11] the fatherly Smurf chief leader of Smurf Village who does not want his charges entering the Forbidden Forest. Patinkin also narrates the film.
Joe Manganiello as Hefty Smurf,[12] a strong Smurf who has a crush on Smurfette.
Jack McBrayer as Clumsy Smurf,[12] an accident-prone Smurf who tends to panic.
Danny Pudi as Brainy Smurf,[12] a book-smart Smurf who butts heads with Hefty.
Julia Roberts as Smurf Willow,[1] the motherly Smurf leader of Smurfy Grove and Papa Smurf's eventual rival/love interest.
Michelle Rodriguez as Smurf Stormi,[1] a tough female Smurf who doesn't trust Smurfette.
Ellie Kemper as Smurf Blossom,[1] an energetic girl Smurf who quickly befriends Smurfette.
Ariel Winter as Smurf Lily,[1] a gentle girl Smurf.
Meghan Trainor as Smurf Melody,[13] a musical girl Smurf.
Jake Johnson as Grouchy Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is always grouchy.
Gordon Ramsay as Baker Smurf,[1] a Smurf who bakes cakes.
Tituss Burgess as Vanity Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is obsessed with his looks.
Gabriel Iglesias as Jokey Smurf,[14][1] a Smurf that plays pranks on others.
Jeff Dunham as Farmer Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is a farmer.
Kelly Asbury as Nosey Smurf,[1] a Smurf who peeks in on private activities.
Alan Mechem as Passerby Smurf
Patrick Ballin as Patient Smurf, who is seen in a session with the silent Therapist Smurf, and Frank the Caterpillar, who works as a masseuse in Smurfy Grove.
Bret Marnell as Snappy Bug,[1] Brainy's ladybug assistant.
Melissa Sturm as Smurf Jade, a female Smurf.
Frank Welker as Azrael, Gargamel's pet cat.
Dee Bradley Baker as Monty, Gargamel's pet vulture.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On May 10, 2012, just two weeks after they announced production of The Smurfs 2, Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation were already developing a script for The Smurfs 3 with scribes Karey Kirkpatrick and Chris Poche.[15] Hank Azaria, who played Gargamel in the first two films, revealed that the third film "might actually deal with the genuine origin of how all these characters ran into each other way back when."[16] It was later confirmed that plans for a second sequel had been folded, with a completely computer-animated reboot being produced instead.[17]

text: Kelly Asbury was confirmed to have been hired to direct the film in March 2014.[17] The plotline was also revealed with the film exploring the origins of the Smurfs, and also the news that the film would feature a new take on the characters, with designs and environments more closely following the artwork created by Peyo, the creator of the Smurfs franchise.[17]

text: Jordan Kerner was hired as producer, with Mary Ellen Bauder co-producing; Asbury was already confirmed as the film's director.[11] On June 14, 2015, Sony Pictures Animation confirmed the original title of Get Smurfy, along with a first look at the film.[10][18] On February 12, 2016, it was confirmed that the film had been retitled to Smurfs: The Lost Village.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On January 16, 2015, Mandy Patinkin was added to the cast of the animated adventure film to voice Papa Smurf, who was previously voiced by Jonathan Winters in the live-action/CGI films.[11] On June 14, 2015, Demi Lovato was revealed as the voice of Smurfette, and Rainn Wilson as Gargamel.[10] Since the release of The Smurfs 2 in 2013, two of the Smurfs voice actors from the previous franchise had died, Jonathan Winters[20] who voiced Papa Smurf, and Anton Yelchin, who voiced Clumsy Smurf.[21]

text: Music[edit]

text: In October 2016, it was confirmed that Christopher Lennertz would be composing the score for the film.[2] In December 2016, it was reported that singer Meghan Trainor had recorded a song for the film titled "I'm a Lady", which was released as a single.[22]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Christopher Lennertz.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"You Will Always Find Me in Your Heart" (performed by Shaley Scott)
4:34

2.
"To the Village"
2:07

3.
"Meet the Smurfs"
2:38

4.
"Gargamel's Lair"
1:45

5.
"Behind the Mask"
1:16

6.
"The Cauldron"
0:30

7.
"Get Those Smurfs!"
2:05

8.
"The Enchanted Forest"
2:18

9.
"Discovering Dragonflies"
1:35

10.
"Freezball Chase"
2:10

11.
"Rabbit Warren Hoedown"
1:38

12.
"Campfire Stories"
3:28

13.
"Raft Chase"
2:19

14.
"Over the Falls"
0:30

15.
"Captured!"
1:50

16.
"SmurfWillow"
1:41

17.
"They're Coming - Dogfight"
2:59

18.
"Papa and Smurfette"
1:58

19.
"Gargamel Attacks"
3:15

20.
"A Lonely Purpose"
2:07

21.
"Dark Magic"
2:33

22.
"Smurfette Saves the Day"
2:44

23.
"The Truest Smurf of All" (feat. Shaley Scott)
4:57

24.
"Ends Credits Suite"
3:43

25.
"Smurfs Eating Flowers (Bonus Track)"
0:58

Total length:
1:01:38

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for release on August 14, 2015,[23] but on May 1, 2014, the reboot film's release date was pushed back to August 5, 2016.[24] In March 2015, the release date was again pushed back to March 31, 2017.[25] In March 2016, the release date was pushed back to April 7, 2017.[26]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village was released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 11, 2017 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.[27] The film debuted in second place on the Top 20 NPD VideoScan First Alert chart, behind The Fate of the Furious.[28]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village grossed $45 million in the United States and Canada and $152.2 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $197.2 million, against a production budget of $60 million.[6]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Going in Style and The Case for Christ and was projected to gross around $16–20 million in the opening weekend from 3,602 theaters.[5][29] It ended up opening to $13.2 million, marking the lowest debut of the Smurfs franchise and finishing 3rd at the box office.[30]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village received mixed reviews from critics.[31] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 38% based on 85 reviews and an average rating of 4.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Smurfs: The Lost Village may satisfy very young viewers and hardcore Smurfaholics, but its predictable story and bland animation continue the franchise's recent mediocre streak."[32] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 40 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[33] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, an improvement over the "A–" score earned by both previous Smurfs films.[34]

text: Alonzo Duralde of TheWrap wrote, "It's significant that two female writers have taken a character who's mainly just existed to be cute and seductive and turned her into a full-fledged member of this universe."[35] Owen Glieberman of Variety said, "It's a pure digital fantasy, with elegant and tactile animation, so it's more true to the Smurf spirit, and should perform solidly."[7]

text: Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Smurfs: The Lost Village is a mediocre effort that nonetheless succeeds in its main goal of keeping its blue characters alive for future merchandising purposes."[3]