document_title: List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters

question_text: who plays rowley jefferson in diary of a wimpy kid

question_tokens: who plays rowley jefferson in diary of a wimpy kid

text: List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters

text: Greg Heffley[edit]

text:
Gregory "Greg" Heffley is 12 years old in the first novel. Greg's actions can however be antagonistic at times, including terrorizing kids, trying to steal money from a church collection basket, lying in confession, picking on other students, playing pranks on his best friend, selling falsely advertised fitness water and even praying for bad stuff to happen to others. However, he can also be a kind hearted character. He helps his brother with his homework, gets his friend a date for a dance, helps out, and forgives his friends. Greg is portrayed by Zachary Gordon and Jason Drucker in the movie series.
He can't stop flirting with girls. But after all, he is a funny kid.

text: Rowley Jefferson[edit]

text: Rowley Jefferson is Greg's best friend. In the first book, Rowley is an antagonist in Greg's point of view while technically in a third-person view, Greg is the antagonist and Rowley is the protagonist. In Dog Days, they separate after Rowley damages Greg's chances of winning a video game championship, but they get back together at the end of The Ugly Truth. At the end of The Third Wheel, Rowley begins dating Abigail Brown, a girl who was originally Greg's date for the Valentine's Day dance. This plot continues in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck, where he ditches Greg for his new girlfriend Abigail. At the end of the book, the couple break up and he becomes friends with Greg again.

text:
Rowley has what Greg considers strange interests for his age and gender, such as liking a singer for "six-year-old girls" named Joshie and action figures Greg believes are for younger kids. Rowley is also the owner of the comic strip Zoo Wee Mama.[4]
Rowley claims that Greg had nothing to do with the comic strip in the first book, a rare antagonistic move from him. In the movie series, Rowley is portrayed by Robert Capron & Owen Asztalos. Rowley's shortest appearance was in The Long Haul, where he is only mentioned on one page.

text: Frank Heffley[edit]

text: Francis "Frank" Heffley is Greg's overreactive but well-meaning father. He is interested in U.S. history, and his replica of a Civil War battlefield is a plot point in the series.[5] Frank is edgy around Rowley,[5] does not appreciate Greg's skill at video games, loathes heavy metal,[4] and adolescents.[6] In Rodrick Rules, during Thanksgiving dinner, Frank turns up the thermostat to make everyone leave. He tries to toughen Greg up and threatens to send him to a military academy in The Last Straw, although ultimately this does not come to fruition, much to Greg's relief.[6] However, Greg and Frank grow together in Dog Days. Frank is portrayed by Steve Zahn in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series. In Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, he is played by Tom Everett Scott.

text: Susan Heffley[edit]

text: The mother of Greg Heffley and his two brothers. Susan, though very loving and motherly, is also embarrassing, overprotective, hypocritical, absent-minded and naive. Susan can also rather old-fashioned and out-of-touch with modern times, acting like she knows what things kids Greg and Rodrick's age are into when, in reality, she doesn't know. She doesn't like technology causing her and the family to have their differences. She believes that her family is distant from technology. She also wants to become a good mother in front of her peers. She and her husband pay far more attention to Manny than their other two sons. She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series. In Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone. In the online version of the first book, Susan was known as Ann Heffley.

text: Manny Heffley[edit]

text: Manuel “Manny” Heffley is Greg and Rodrick's younger brother, and the youngest of the Heffley family. He is an annoying, selfish, spoiled child who is constantly doted on by his mother. He makes a great number of demands and throws huge temper tantrums if they are not fulfilled. He is really immature by watching babyish TV shows like The Snurples. Among Manny's most well-known characteristics are his refusal to be toilet-trained and his complete inability to remain in nursery school. He frequently damages Greg's property, and uses his age as an excuse for doing so. Whenever they go on vacations, Manny ends up ruining it and gets away with it. The excessive coddling he receives from his parents infuriates Greg. He also takes advantage of his overindulgence. It is revealed in The Third Wheel that Manny has imaginary friends, whom he blames for his misbehavior. Despite his very young age and spoiled attitude, Manny shows signs of actually possessing more intelligence than he appears to have. He surprises his family by his ability to speak Spanish in The Long Haul, but plays this to his advantage by persuading some Mexican men to take them to retrieve their pet pig. He is his grandmother's favorite, although she denies this. In the three movies based on the first four books, Manny is portrayed by Connor and Owen Fielding. In the movie, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, he is portrayed by Wyatt and Dylan Walters.

text: Manny has similar traits to those of Farley Drexel "Fudge" Hatcher.

text: Rodrick Heffley[edit]

text: Rodrick is Greg's formerly aggressive older brother. He is the drummer in a garage band called "Löded Diper" (loaded diaper), noted for their substandard heavy metal concerts and limited musical abilities. Rodrick is not an exception to Frank's notorious distrust of all teenagers.

text: Rodrick is infamous for his stereotypical rebellious nature, feigning illness in Rodrick Rules so as to be allowed to remain at home to throw a chaotic house party during his parents' absence, only for the evidence to appear in newly developed photographs that are quickly discovered by the boys' parents. He bullies Greg a lot and pulls awful pranks that ruins Greg's and his family's life. Rodrick also possesses incompetent tendencies, as his school assignments are notoriously crude and idiotic. He assumes that Abraham Lincoln was the author of To Kill a Mockingbird and, with Greg's aid, bases a science presentation around the hypothesis of whether or not plants sneeze. His spelling abilities are also poor, and he devotes a lot of time to tormenting Greg. In the books, Rodrick owns and drives a white van, which sports his band's name written in large black letters, on either side of it and lacks any back seats, the reason being that Rodrick needs room for his band equipment. In the movie series, the van is revealed to be a 1996 Chevrolet Astro AWD van, which also sports a diaper's pin drawn on the rear doors. In Rodrick Rules, Greg is haunted by the fact that Rodrick knows about his most mortifying experience during the summertime. This haunts him when he returns to school. However, his fears are quickly eased after the story becomes distorted to Greg's advantage due to it being passed around by so many people (à la Chinese Whispers), temporarily boosting his popularity. By the end of the film adaptation of Rodrick Rules, he is much closer to Greg, and his actions to him becomes much less aggressive. This is also shown in the film adaptation of Dog Days when Rodrick thanks Greg for getting him a gig at Heather Hills' Sweet 16. In the film series based on the books, Rodrick is played by Devon Bostick. In the film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, Rodrick is played by Charlie Wright.

text: Greg's relatives and other family[edit]

text: Gramma[edit]

text: Gramma is Susan's mother and Greg's maternal grandmother. Gramma is known to drive a car like the Heffleys'. Greg often calls her to his home as a way to avoid his dad's scoldings, since his dad will not do this when she is around. When she is about to leave, Greg quickly goes to accompany her.

text: Grandpa Heffley[edit]

text: Greg's paternal grandfather is a typical unpredictable grandfather who is asked to babysit Rodrick and his brother in Rodrick Rules. He lives in a care home called Leisure Towers and enjoys playing games such as "Gutbusters", which the two boys find boring. Grandpa is a smoker. He has his television tuned to the CCTV in the care home lobby, which he spends his time watching. In Old School, he moves out of Leisure Towers because the rent is too high and moves in with the Heffleys. Grandpa has a girlfriend named Darlene in the book "Hard Luck" and broke up with her in the book "Old School". Grandpa dates online. Greg is his favorite. Grandpa is known for making an awful dish named "Watercress Salad" which is just cucumber and floating beans in a pool of vinegar. This dish is hated by Greg but Rodrick makes him have more. It's stated that Grandpa never spent much time with Frank when he was a boy.

text: Joe Heffley[edit]

text: Joe Heffley is Frank's brother and Greg's uncle. Frank has a sibling rivalry with Joe due to his actions. When Manny started potty training, Uncle Joe insisted that there was a "potty monster" that was about to get him, causing him to fear using the bathroom, forcing Frank to change his diapers for a longer time. Greg says that he could hear Frank cursing Joe under his breath every time he changed Manny's diapers because of this. Uncle Joe's children call their uncle "Aunt Fwank", which Frank swears he told them to do on purpose; Susan thinks it's cute. In Dog Days, Greg mentions that he tried to make Uncle Joe convince Frank to get a dog, but that did not work out. He also mentions that Joe's dog, Killer ate most of his birthday cake.

text: Joe Heffley's Wife[edit]

text: Joe Heffley's wife is a dark-haired woman and Greg's aunt. She appears rarely in the books.

text: Joe Heffley's Children[edit]

text: Joe Heffley has at least 3 children, who appear to be a bit older than Manny, and are Greg's cousins. They all call Frank "Aunt Fwank."

text: Charlie Heffley[edit]

text: Charlie Heffley is Nana Heffley's brother and Greg's great uncle. He is also Greg's "secret weapon" at Christmas, as he asks him to buy him presents that his parents have forbidden him from receiving. However, this backfires as he is usually given the wrong thing. For example, Greg wanted to use a Barbie dollhouse as a fort for his soldier action figures, but Charlie gave him a Barbie doll instead, and Greg got a shoe stuck in his nose. Also, when it was brought up at a family meeting that Greg was into superheroes, he received Wonder Woman underwear. Charlie is a bachelor and spends his spare money well. Greg says he wants to follow in his footsteps. in the first book, Greg thought Charlie got him Twisted Wizard because of the size of the box, but it was just an 8x10 picture of Charlie. In The Last Straw, Charlie got Greg a laundry hoop, hinting that he is tired of being Greg's secret weapon at Christmas, as the events that transpired meant that Greg effectively got a chore for Christmas.

text: Uncle Cecil[edit]

text: Cecil is the boys' uncle but is only 3 or 4 years old. He sits at the grown-ups table at family gatherings because Greg's Great Aunt Marcie adopted him and since he's her son, he's allowed to sit at the grown-ups' table. He only appears in Hard Luck.

text: Loretta Heffley[edit]

text: Loretta Heffley is Greg's great-aunt and the sister of Grandpa, Arthur and Reba. She got a thank you note for some pants she gave Greg at Christmas. She appeared mainly in Rodrick Rules at the Thanksgiving dinner. She also appeared a couple of times in the Do It Yourself Book and The Ugly Truth. It is implied that Greg and Rodrick dislike her, as they fight over who has to greet her first when she visits.

text: Aunt Veronica[edit]

text: Aunt Veronica is Greg's aunt and Susan's sister. Greg states that she has never been seen in person since he was 2 or 3 years old, but calls his family members on video chat. When Greg was sitting on the toilet playing games on his brand new phone (which was actually a hand-me-down from his mother), she started a video chat with him. This startled him, leading to him dropping the phone into the toilet.. She appears in Hard Luck multiple times - often in person - but on other occasions by video conference on a tablet and the used phone that Susan gave to Greg.

text: Terrence Heffley[edit]

text: Terrence, who has a mustache and glasses, is Frank's second cousin. It is implied that Greg thinks he is stupid This was suggested when he was explaining that when Terrence was his age, he looked exactly like him, which is true. Greg then mentions he better start saving up for plastic surgery.[7]

text: Gammie Heffley[edit]

text:
Gammie is Greg's great-grandmother, and the unofficial head of the Heffley family. She only appears in The Ugly Truth, as a minor character. She also has Legos that Susan bought so that her kids had something to do at her house. Gammie glued them together to make one whole brick because of the mess the blocks make. Gammie is a trickster and knows a lot because of "experience". When someone in the family is about 12 or 13 years old she gives them The Talk, which is about how kids should not be hurrying to grow up.[7]
Gammie loves having visitors for dinner. One day she bought a scratch ticket, and matched up two pictures and told all her family members that she had won a lot of money. Everyone was in a very big rush to visit her. When they all arrived Frank told Gammie that to win you had to match up three pictures. When she found this out, she did not really care. She pulled a roast right out of the oven, and Greg figures she got what she really wanted anyway. Gammie is the mother of Grandpa, Arthur, Reba, and Loretta Heffley.

text: Gammie is briefly mentioned by Greg in Cabin Fever when he says she gave a miniature carousel that held spoons from all over the world to Greg's family five or six years before.

text: Reba Heffley[edit]

text: Reba Heffley is Greg's great-aunt. Gammie forgot to give her an invitation at Christmas, but she came anyway. She made everyone feel guilty. She only appears in The Ugly Truth. She is stubborn. She and Loretta are identical twins. Reba is the sister of Grandpa, Loretta, and Arthur Heffley.[7]

text: Gary Heffley[edit]

text: Garrison "Gary" Heffeley is Greg's uncle and has been married four times. In The Ugly Truth it is revealed that all of his wives divorced him as soon as they found out about his financial situation and job. In The Third Wheel he comes to live with Greg's family after he discovers his job  selling shirts in Boston was a ripoff - "Boston" was spelled "Botson". Later in the book he is chosen to be the DJ at Greg's Valentine's Day dance.

text: In Double Down, Gary cut down a big branch hanging over his driveway and ended up breaking his collarbone.

text: First wife: Linda[edit]

text: Reason for divorce: Job unappealing for her (Gary was working as a mascot at children's parties).

text: Second wife: Charlene[edit]

text: Reason for divorce: Financial miscommunication (He had $45 in his bank instead of $45,000.)

text: Third wife: Lydia[edit]

text: Reason for divorce: Unknown, possibly because of a tattoo that used to read "Lydia" (and was later modified to read "I am not in love with Lydia anymore").

text: Fourth wife: Sonja[edit]

text: Reason for likely divorce: He was only engaged to her by accident when a plane with a banner saying "MARRY  SONJA" flew over the baseball game where he was going to break up with her because he wanted to start dating her sister. Apparently, there was another Sonja at the baseball stadium. Before Gary could say anything, Sonja turned around and said "YES, YES!" When they divorced, it was after their wedding when Gary's friend included the story in his speech.[7]

text: Aunt Dorothy[edit]

text: Dorothy is Greg's great aunt who always kisses him on the lips. Greg's mom, Susan, says it is rude to wipe off the kisses Dorothy gives him. She is overweight and sometimes passes gas loudly, much to Greg's dismay.

text: She appears on the "Have You Ever" page in the Do-It-Yourself Book when Greg asks: "Have you ever been kissed full on the lips by a relative who's older than seventy?" This probably means she is older than 70 years old, and that she is actually his great-aunt.

text: Arthur Heffley[edit]

text: Arthur Heffley is Greg's great-uncle. He only speaks in grunts or makes random sounds. He never has an actual conversation with anybody, but sometimes Greg tries to respond to him just in case he is trying to communicate. For example, once when he said "Rrup?", Greg replied "Umm...No thank you". He wears glasses and a neck tie. Arthur is the brother of Reba, Grandpa, and Loretta Heffley.[7]

text: Great Uncle Bruce[edit]

text: Great Uncle Bruce is a deceased character who is mentioned in Cabin Fever and The Third Wheel. Greg is presented with a rather luxurious blanket as a Christmas gift, only to be repelled by it upon learning that it had formerly belonged to Great Uncle Bruce before his death. This leads him to give it to an unsuspecting Rodrick as a birthday present. In The Third Wheel, Greg uses Great Uncle Bruce's old cologne on Valentine's Day, which ends up attracting some old ladies.

text: Byron Heffley[edit]

text: Byron is Frank's cousin whom Greg is not excited to see[7] because at Gammie's last meeting, he was sent out to get milk, but hit a pothole halfway home, and got a flat tire. Greg had to get him. He needed supplies, so Greg returned to Gammie's. Because of his muddy shoes the ladies needed to warn him since he was about to track mud into the house. Unfortunately, he forgot about Byron's tire, and he was not happy when he got to Gammie's.

text: He only appears in The Ugly Truth.

text: Nana Heffley[edit]

text: Not much is known about Nana, but according to a young Greg, she smells like asparagus. She is Greg, Rodrick, and Manny's paternal grandmother, mother to Frank, Joe and Gary, and Mother-in-law to Susan. She is Grandpa's wife. It is revealed in Double Down she died when Greg was younger and it makes him uncomfortable to think she is "watching" him from heaven.

text: Her first appearance was in Double Down.[8]

text: Aunt Cakey[edit]

text: Aunt Cakey is Susan's oldest sister and does not like kids. She used to have a dog. She despises kids, and Susan now never trusts her to babysit Greg.

text: Aunt Audra[edit]

text: Aunt Audra is one of Susan's sisters. She believed in crystal balls and took Greg along with her to see her fortuneteller a few times. Susan think Audra is wasting her money, but the fortuneteller once told Greg, "A dark haired woman will try to plant a seed of doubt in your mind." The fortuneteller also told Audra that Meemaw's ring was inside a photo album. It turned out the fortuneteller did not mean it literally.

text: Aunt Gretchen[edit]

text: Aunt Gretchen is Susan's youngest sister. She has two out-of-control twin sons, Malvin and Malcolm. Aunt Gretchen has at least thirty pets. In Hard Luck, her rabbit (which everyone thought was a male but was actually female) has a litter of bunnies, angering Frank. Once they played throw and catch with a strong sharp piece of concrete. Malvin had to go to the emergency room to get stitches in his forehead.

text: Malvin and Malcolm[edit]

text: Malvin and Malcolm are Gretchen's two sons. They are out-of control kids, playing catch with rocks and cement chunks. Malcolm is the wilder. He once got hold of Frank's shaving kit and shaved himself. He also called the police to report Greg's family for running out of ketchup. This results in Frank angrily making them leave.

text: Meemaw and Peepaw[edit]

text: Meemaw and Peepaw are the parents of Gramma and her two sisters, and are the grandparents of Susan. Their first appearance was in Hard Luck. Peepaw is portrayed as old and batty. Meemaw is dead, while Peepaw is still alive. Meemaw was in charge of putting prizes in the Easter eggs, and wore a diamond ring, which was extremely valuable because it had been in her family for three generations. Before she died, she accidentally put her ring in an Easter egg that was found by Greg at the end of the book.

text: Meemaw appears in the film adaption of the Long Haul played by Mimi Gould. Meemaw's birthday results in Susan's "great Heffley road trip".

text: Gramma's sisters[edit]

text: Gramma's sisters are the great-aunts of Rodrick, Greg, and Manny. They are the aunt's of Susan Heffley and her sisters.

text: Lawrence Heffley[edit]

text: Lawrence Heffley is Greg's uncle who is always traveling, and therefore is unable to make it to family events. He did, however, appear at Great-Grandpa Chester's funeral by webcam. He only appears in The Ugly Truth.

text: Chester "Remus" Heffley[edit]

text: Chester Heffley was Greg's great-grandfather and Gammie Heffley's husband. It was revealed that he died in The Ugly Truth. Greg referred to him as Remus in The Do it Yourself Book.

text: Georgia[edit]

text: Georgia is Greg's cousin who has an extremely loose tooth that she does not want to pull out. She only appears in Hard Luck.

text: Benjy Heffley[edit]

text: Benjy Heffley is Greg's cousin. He can read chapter books and speak in full sentences. However, he still isn't potty trained. He only appears in The Ugly Truth.

text: Tony and Patricia Heffley[edit]

text: Tony and Patricia Heffley are Greg's aunt and uncle and the parents of Benjy Heffley.

text: Uncle Larry[edit]

text: Uncle Larry is supposedly Greg's uncle. Greg is not sure if he is an actual relative, and he thinks someone invited him to a family gathering at some point and that he has been coming ever since. When Audra's fortuneteller told her Meemaw's ring was in a photo album, Larry helped realize that the ring was in a plastic egg. This was proved to be true, as it was found in a plastic egg by Greg later on.

text: Martina[edit]

text: Martina is Susan's cousin who smashed her collarbone at a buffet in Las Vegas, and ended up suing the hotel. She possibly owns a Porsche.

text: Gerald[edit]

text: Gerald is Susan's cousin who lives in California. He lived with Greg's family a few months after Greg was born, and even used to change his diapers.

text: Rowley's family[edit]

text: Mr. Jefferson[edit]

text: Mr. Jefferson is Rowley's father, and is far more shrill than Mr. Heffley. He is extremely rude and paranoid, and does not accept any criticism from anyone of himself or his property. He is the strictest father in the series so far. He will not let Rowley play any video game with the slightest bit of violence or fighting in it, as he thinks doing this could change Rowley into a different person. Mr. Jefferson thinks Greg is a "bad influence" on his son. It is also shown that Mr. Jefferson had a close bond with Rowley.

text: He shows little interest in sports until Dog Days, where he is found playing tennis with Rowley and golf with a caddy. In Rodrick Rules, Greg and Rowley say in their secret language: "Your-pa dad-pa smells-pa like-pa a woman-pa!" Greg is then sent home early, and questions how Mr. Jefferson cracked the code.[5]

text: In Dog Days, it is revealed that Mr. Jefferson's first name is Robert. When Susan emailed him because of the note Greg sent her, it had Mr. Jefferson's first name on it.

text: In "Old School", he is stuck chaperoning the group of extra kids(which includes Rowley and Greg), much to Greg's dismay. Later, Rowley adds poison ivy to a fire started by him and he has problems breathing on the next morning, which means he and Rowley (Who had spots on his body) would be going back home.

text: In the film series, Mr. Jefferson has not spoken until the third film, implying that he is a man of a few words.

text: Mrs. Jefferson[edit]

text: Mrs. Jefferson is Rowley's mother. She often seems to be concerned about Rowley such as the time he broke his big toe after Greg put one of his dad's dumbbells under a pillow that Rowley kept kicking at Greg's sleepover.[4] She also had Greg apologize to her for what he did to Rowley. Despite this, Mrs. Jefferson always enjoys Greg's company with Rowley. Although Mrs. Jefferson loves Greg, she does not let him come over because her husband dislikes him. In day 24 of the online version, it is revealed that her first name is Linda from Greg's The Boy Whose Family Thinks He's a DOG comic.

text: In the first film, Rowley's mother is portrayed by Kaye Capron, Robert Capron's real life mother; in Dog Days she is portrayed by Bronwen Smith.

text: Rowley's grandfather[edit]

text: Rowley's grandfather only appears in Rodrick Rules. It is his birthday and he asks for a chocolate cake for his next birthday. Because of his no lying policy Greg replies: "If you're even alive next year". He is 90 years old in Rodrick Rules. He is an antagonist.

text: Other characters[edit]

text: Fregley[edit]

text: Fregley is Greg's firm and impeccably graspable acquaintance and neighbor noted for his unexplained lot of odd or disgusting eccentricities. He has been known to perplex others with his behavior, and does not have any known friends. Greg has been forced to hang around with Fregley on several occasions, to his chagrin or aggravation. It has been mentioned that Fregley is prohibited from eating sugar by his parents, and the consumption of it in large quantities will send him into hysterical, uncontrollable frenzies. Fregley won the "Student of the Week" award in "Cabin Fever" for not biting anyone for five days. In the film adaptions of the books, Fregley is played by Grayson Russell.

text: Preston Mudd[edit]

text: Preston Francis Mudd is the name of one of Greg's classmates. He is said to have been the best player in the basketball unit of gym class during sixth grade at Westmore Middle School.

text: Christopher Brownfield[edit]

text: Christopher Brownfield is one of Greg's friends and is shown to have been a great mosquito magnet while hanging out with Greg in the summer. However, Greg does not see him as a close friend because he is "not a school-year friend". Later in "The Ugly Truth", he is on Greg's team for a game and hides behind a soda machine after the teachers threaten to call all of their parents.

text: Tyson Sanders[edit]

text: Tyson Sanders is a friend of Greg who appears in "The Ugly Truth". He is mentioned at the beginning along with Christopher when Greg is considering new best friends, and mentions that although Tyson is nice and into the same video games as Greg, he is turned off by the fact Tyson pulls his pants all the way down when using the urinal. When they play a game of "Guess Who?", the team take a picture of Tyson's bent arm, which gets them disqualified as the chaperones think the picture is of his buttocks.

text: Holly Elizabeth Hills[edit]

text: Holly Elizabeth Hills is the name of one of Greg's classmates; an older girl who primarily serves as Greg's unrequited romantic interest and also Heather Hills' younger sister. She is the youngest daughter of Mr. Hills and Mrs. Hills. A minor character, she earns a prominent role in The Last Straw as the object of Greg's most recent infatuation. He is continuously motivated to impress her to no avail. Virtually oblivious to Greg's existence or identity (Greg stops trying to impress her after she mistakes him for Fregley), she appears to take an interest in Rowley's sweetness, judging by an enthusiastic message which she had signed in his yearbook (as opposed to the note that she had written for the envious Greg). She seldom appears afterwards. Greg's interest in her is seemingly damaged by events such as this and he starts showing an interest in other girls, including Holly's older sister Heather.

text: Whereas her personality is hardly explored in the books, Holly's role was increased in film adaptions, debuting in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules as a newcomer to Greg's middle school with whom he is instantly besotted. She is depicted as being friendly and good-natured. The relationship she shares with Greg and Rowley is emphasized and exaggerated in the film portrayals, to the extent it can be assumed that the feelings Greg has for her may be mutual. She reappears in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. Her family is portrayed as being wealthy and her sister shown to be tyrannical, spoiled, and selfish.

text: Holly seems to enjoy the boys' companionship, and shows gratitude for Rodrick Heffley's unintentional blunders that wind up destroying the undeserving Heather's birthday party. The party ends with Holly slipping her hand into Greg's, implying that she likes him as well, and she, Greg and Rowley had a pool party not long after.

text: Holly is portrayed by Peyton R. List.

text: Chirag Gupta[edit]

text: Chirag Gupta is one of Greg's schoolmates and a minor character in the books. He is characterized by his short stature. Although he and Greg are well-acquainted and generally amiable to one another, Greg started the "Invisible Chirag" prank in Rodrick Rules. During the summer the Gupta family were to move away but an unexplained alteration in their plans changed this. As a result, Chirag's classmates teasingly ignore his existence or presence for days on end, which aggravates and shocks him. Though Chirag has apparently forgiven Greg and his fellow schoolmates for concocting the prank, it is mentioned in one book that he takes advantage of his family's non-observance of the Christmas holiday, and no obligation to behave for Santa Claus, to pick on Greg.

text: In the movie adaptions, Chirag's role is enhanced and he is a close friend of Greg and Rowley. He also plays a considerably more prominent role in these films, appearing in adaptions of books in which he is absent or hardly mentioned. He is depicted as being Indian-American. He is portrayed by Karan Brar.

text: Patty Farrell[edit]

text: Patricia "Patty" Farrell is a minor character who shares an intense rivalry with Greg, which is showcased on a few occasions. It is implied she is a hardworking but sanctimonious and domineering student. She earns Greg's animosity after she suggests a map of the United States displayed in the classroom be covered during a geography quiz. Greg had planned to cheat using the map and this causes great difficulties for him, and makes him agitated. Motivated by his lust for revenge, he volunteers to play a tree in the school's upcoming production of "The Wizard of Oz"after viewing the movie adaption for the first time. He believes the role entails having to bombard the character of Dorothy Gale (whom Patty would be portraying in the play) with apples, only to learn that this scene was deleted for the school production. He winds up re-enacting this scene, despite the script, sending his parents into a rage. She has yet to play quite as significant a role in the book series again. She has become something of a minor recurring character whose appearances are rare.

text: In the film adaptions of the books, Patty's role is enhanced slightly. She is depicted as being monstrously demanding. Her parents are involved with the school board in this portrayal. The motivation given for her hatred of Greg is his recital of an offensive playground chant poking fun at her that sent her bursting into tears in elementary school. She appears in the film adaptions of all three films Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Diary of a Wimpy Kid; Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. Alterations made to the books include her talent for both wrestling and playing tennis. She snatches any opportunity to assault Greg somehow while engaged in either sport with him. She is played by Laine MacNeil.

text: Heather Hills[edit]

text: Heather Hills is the attractive elder sister of Holly Elizabeth Hills, with whom Rodrick is infatuated. A minor character in the books, but the main antagonist in the third film, Heather is only featured in several books as the object of Greg's unrequited infatuation. However, she seems oblivious to this. A student attending Westmore High School with Rodrick, she has had several minor occupations throughout the course of the books, during each of which Rodrick fecklessly attempts to grab her attention or to impress her.

text: Little insight into her personality is provided in the book series. Similar to her younger sister, Holly, Heather's personality and role is further enhanced in the only film adaption in which she has appeared, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days. In a modification of the events of the books, she is depicted as the oldest daughter of the Hills family. She is spoiled, obnoxious, rude, ignorant, selfish, conceited, ungrateful, unforgiving, cold-hearted, demanding, mistreating her family and acquaintances. Plus, she proves to be even worse than Rodrick. Lovelorn, Rodrick Heffley and his band are hired to perform at Heather's ostentatious upcoming sixteenth birthday party, and, in an attempt to earn her admiration, Rodrick winds up messing up the celebration and decorations during a boisterous, and substandard performance of Justin Bieber's "Baby", which makes Heather very upset and the party ends in disaster. She is portrayed by Melissa Roxburgh. Heather has a slight reference to the behavior of the Carnotaur from Disney's "Dinosaur (film)".

text: Albert Sandy[edit]

text: Albert Sandy is a minor character, who talks often about rumors he has heard. The validity of his statements are unconfirmed. One of the statement which was not confirmed by Greg was when Albert told him that "it was medically  impossible for a girl to fart". Greg knew that it was not true because when his mom hugged Aunt Dorothy on Christmas Eve she farted.

text: Albert has appeared in The Last Straw, The Ugly Truth, Old School, and Double Down.

text: Mr. Ira[edit]

text: Only appearing in Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Mr. Ira is a teacher at Greg's middle school who is on the school newspaper adult staff, and enlists a replacement comic strip for the newspaper. He was made fun of in a comic strip entitled Dumb Teachers, and later bowdlerises Greg's Creighton the Cretin comic. He does not do the same with Rowley's Zoo-Wee Mama strip, much to Greg's chagrin.

text: The Snellas[edit]

text: First appearing in The Last Straw, The Snellas are a family that lives in the Heffleys' neighborhood. They have a lot of children, all of whom are male, with names beginning with the letter S. Five of the children's names are revealed, and they are (from oldest to youngest): Shawn, Shane, Sam, Scott, and Seth. In The Last Straw, it is revealed that each Snella child has a half birthday party at which the adults perform funny stunts, to attempt to make the babies laugh. According to Greg, however, no baby has laughed once. Mr. Snella records the action on his camcorder.

text: Mr. Snella then sends the videos to America's Funniest Families, a spoof and parody of America's Funniest Home Videos, and has never won anything (though after Greg is filmed wearing Wonder Woman underoos hanging off a tree with his trousers below his ankles at the end of The Last Straw, the footage is sent, and it is never explained if Mr Snella won with it).

text: Their most recent appearance was in The Ugly Truth, when they move to another house because of a strange smell they cannot get rid of in their home. The smell was deviled eggs, which Greg hates and threw into one of their plant pots when he was having dinner at their house.  Despite trying to find the cause of the smell, the Snellas cannot figure it out and eventually just move. Greg feels guilty when he sees that they are taking the plant pot with them, but he resolves to try to find a way to sneak deviled eggs into Fregley's house.

text: In Cabin Fever, it is revealed a man named Mr. Alexander moved into the Snellas' house.

text: Scotty Douglas[edit]

text: Scotty is a first grader from Rowley's karate class. In Rodrick Rules, Scotty was going to do a magic act in the Talent Show with Rowley as his assistant. But after Greg breaks Rowley's big toe, he has to fill in for Rowley. Greg complains about being a magician's assistant to Scotty, but Susan tells Scotty's mother that Greg would be happy to replace Rowley. In the tryouts, Greg messes up the act so badly they are the only ones not to make the auditions.

text: Scotty has a remarkably similar appearance to Greg's comic character, Creighton The Cretin, except Creighton's eyes are wide open and Scotty's eyes are beady just like all the other characters that do not wear glasses. In The Ugly Truth, he becomes the new Peachy Breeze kid, yet cannot say the slogan right.[7] Between Rodrick Rules and The Ugly Truth it appears that Scotty has two siblings - an unnamed baby sister and an older brother (who is supposed to be ugly). In The Third Wheel, when Greg and Rowley become private investigators Greg looks through the window at his house to find him playing one of Greg's video games with Rowley.

text: Mr. Underwood[edit]

text: Mr. Underwood is Greg's Phys Ed coach. In the film series, he is named Coach Malone.

text: Bill Walter[edit]

text: Bill Walter is a 35-year-old high school drop out, and professional singer, who has a rude attitude. Rodrick idolizes him and his lifestyle. In the novel Rodrick Rules, he was voted "Most Likely to Be a Rock Star" which influenced Rodrick to persuade him to join the band. Frank Heffley strongly dislikes Bill because he disapproves of his lifestyle, and is afraid Rodrick will follow in his footsteps. In the movie version of Rodrick Rules he is portrayed by Fran Kranz and is an antagonist. He agrees to join Rodrick's rock band Loded Diper and later attempts to kick him out for an unknown reason. After performing the song Exploded Diper, Rodrick retaliates and kicks him out. He also makes an appearance with Rodrick at the beginning at the roller rink. In the book Greg describes him as unemployed and still living with his parents even though he is 35 years old. Also, in Rodrick Rules Bill appears to be a slob, as he "slorks" pot roast.

text: Dr. Salazar Kagan[edit]

text: Dr. Kagan, Frank's dentist, makes his debut in The Ugly Truth. Frank takes Greg to Dr. Kagan instead of his usual dentist, a pretty woman named Rachel on whom Greg has a crush. Greg bites Dr. Kagan's finger when his teeth are being checked. In what Greg believes to be an act of revenge, Dr. Kagan tells Frank that Greg needs headgear to correct his overbite. Greg says Dr. Kagan is scary and evil and that he never fools around. He has sharp metal tools and never smiles — not even when his picture is taken. He also has billboards on the highway with ads that freak Greg out. His motto is, "Bad oral health is nothing to smile about."

text: Dr. Kagan makes a brief appearance in Double Down when Greg compares him to a book he read called Spineticklers #67: My Dentist is The Devil.

text: Lenwood Heath[edit]

text: Lenwood Heath only appears in The Last Straw. He is a rebellious teenager, who was Greg's father's arch-enemy for about three months before he was sent to military academy. This resulted in him becoming a fine young man who works at the movie theater. In the Dog Days film, he is portrayed by Tom Stevens, and is seen working as a lifeguard at the pool the Heffleys are attending.

text: Taylor Pringle[edit]

text: Taylor Pringle is a minor character who only appears in the films, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days and does not appear in the books. She is a girl who is very rude and unforgiving, and is first seen at the end of the opening scene in Rodrick Rules in which during her birthday party at the roller rink, Rodrick embarrasses Greg, prompting Greg to try and tackle him, but he misses and lands in Taylor's birthday cake, destroying it. As a result of this, Taylor gets angry and she and her friends begin beating up Greg as the intro begins. She appears again in Dog Days, at the country club's pool, in which she simply asks Heather what time the snack bar closes and Heather rudely states "What do you think I am, a guide book? Come back to me when you're drowning.". Later, when Greg attempts to impress Holly by jumping off the high diving board, he becomes nervous, due to it being very high above the water. Taylor then comes up behind Greg and states that he is talking to himself, due to being scared. When Greg gives Taylor a brush-off that he is not scared and that she is "just a little kid", she pressures him to jump. When Greg jumps, he loses his swimsuit on the board, and Taylor chucks it onto a nearby fence to get back at Greg for berating her. As a result, Greg is forced to borrow a girl's swimsuit that reads Holly on it until he goes to the fence to retrieve his own swimsuit, and as he does so, he gets taunted by Patty. Taylor is portrayed by Dalila Bela.

text: Jordan Jury[edit]

text: Only appearing in The Ugly Truth, Jordan Jury is the popular boy in the grade above Greg, who's known for always throwing huge boy-girl parties that have little to no adult-supervision. Greg is amazed when he discovers that he has been given a textbook that used to belong to him. Jordan invites Greg and Rowley to his latest party, but Greg cannot not go because of his Uncle Gary's fourth wedding. But at the end of the book, Greg discovers that it's actually a good thing he didn't go to the party—as it would seem, the only reason Jordan invited the kids in Greg and Rowley's grade to his party was to basically use them as servants.

text: Angie Steadman[edit]

text: Angie Steadman only appears as an additional character in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film. She is in seventh grade, has a pink streak of hair, works for the school newspaper, and hates middle school, calling it an "intellectual wasteland." In the film, Greg and Rowley meet her under the bleachers during a game of "Gladiator". She gets along with Rowley, but starts a rocky relationship with Greg after he egotistically declines her offer to join the school newspaper. Greg later tells the whole school he ate the cheese instead of Rowley and she compliments and accepts him when she sees that Greg is learning the errors of his ways. In the film, she is portrayed by Chloë Grace Moretz.

text: Pete Hosey[edit]

text: Pete Hosey is the leader of the teenagers who attacked Greg and Rowley on Halloween. He is an antagonist in the first film. He is unnamed in the first book and he is replaced by Herbie Reamer in the online version. After hassling Greg and Rowley on Halloween, Greg yells that he will call the cops, and they chase him to Greg's grandmother's house. In the book, Greg and Rowley sneak back home, but in the movie, they try to intimidate Pete and his friends with a weed hacker, before Pete scratches his car and they are chased into the woods. In both the book and the movie, the teens hold a vendetta against Greg and Rowley. Near the end they corner them on the school field and decide to force them to eat the moldy cheese. Rowley is forced to eat the cheese, but Greg avoids it by saying he's lactose intolerant. In the movie they are chased off by the coach.

text: The Warrens[edit]

text: Although his family is vaguely referenced in the books, the Warren's are what got Frank thinking of making Greg more manly. Frank is deeply jealous of the Warrens. In stark contrast to Greg, the Warrens' children are shown to be athletic and sporty. In the third film, Stan, the father of the family, is shown to be a neighbor of the Heffley's. He had a childhood rivalry with Frank, that they appear to have gotten over as adults. Greg finds out that Stan has been making fun of his father behind his back and comes up with an elaborate prank to get back at him. In the movie, Mr Warren is the troop master of the Wilderness Explorers, and invites everyone over for an Independence Day party. They only appear in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw.

text: The Beardos[edit]

text: Only appearing in The Long Haul, the Beardos are the main antagonists of the book. They are a couple with three sons. The Heffleys indirectly met them during their road trip, though only Greg knows who they are. Their first encounter is at a motel, where Greg angrily berates one of the Beardo children, who then tells his father on him, causing Greg to fear running into them again. Greg and his family are convinced that the Beardos have stolen their luggage and belongings at a place they both attended called "Soak Central." They try to track them down though it was revealed at the end that Greg actually had the key to their locker in Soak Central, and that he got the number wrong. Their belongings were actually there. The Beardos were known for driving a purple van, similar to the Heffleys' minivan. The family's real surname is unknown, as Greg himself does not who they are. It is likely he dubbed them this because of the patriarch's noticeably long beard.

text: In the film adaption of The Long Haul, Mr. and Mrs. Beardo are portrayed by Chris Coppola and Kimberli Lincoln, and have a daughter named Brandi and two sons named Brandon and Brent.

text: Joshie[edit]

text: Joshie is a singer who is famous in Europe and is Rowley's favorite singer and idol. Greg believes that Joshie is for six-year old girls, but Rowley ignores him, saying that Greg is jealous because he was the one who "discovered" Joshie.

text: Maddox Selsam[edit]

text: Maddox Selsam is a boy who lives in the middle of the woods. He is not allowed to have any screen time, and does not have a TV at his house. He enjoys playing with his Legos and practicing his violin. He met Greg in Double Down when he found Greg's balloon for the Balloon Brigade at his school.

text: Pets and Other Animals[edit]

text: Dogs[edit]

text: Sweetie[edit]

text: Sweetie is a dog that first appeared in Dog Days. Greg's dad buys him after discovering that his father lied about accidentally killing his childhood dog, Nutty. Sweetie wreaks havoc in the Heffley household and is given to Gramma at the end of the book. Sweetie undergoes drastic weight gain at Gramma's house because he is fed lots of table scraps. Eventually Gramma dresses him up in a suit and tie like a little human. Greg and Rodrick like playing with him by going up behind him and making flatulence sounds. He will then sniff his rear end until he goes to sleep.

text: Nutty[edit]

text: Nutty is Frank's old dog which he had when he was around Greg's age. Grandpa accidentally ran over and killed Nutty with his station wagon when he backed out of the driveway. Grandpa covered the truth by saying that Nutty ran away to a butterfly farm. Frank is very angry when he finds out the truth during a Father's Day brunch.

text: Killer[edit]

text: Killer is Joe Heffley's Rottweiler-type family dog. In Dog Days, he wreaks havoc by eating most of Greg's birthday cake, leaving Greg not wanting to eat it.

text: Rudy[edit]

text: Rudy was Aunt Cakey's dog. He was usually oblivious to what was going on around him, opting to stare straight ahead doing nothing. It is not known how Rudy died.

text: Henry[edit]

text: Henry is Gramma's dog who died around the time of the dog days of summer.

text: Rebel[edit]

text: Rebel is a Rottweiler that used to chase Greg and Rowley on their way to school before his owner installed an electric fence around the front yard. He only appears in Hard Luck.

text: Other pets[edit]

text: Greg's Fish[edit]

text: In Dog Days, Greg buys an angel fish from a pet store. He also buys a journal to log the actions of his fish but later realizes he can not put much in it. Greg's fish was later made to share a tank with Rodrick's fish, who ate it while Greg and his family were at the water park on Father's Day.

text: Rodrick's Fish[edit]

text: Rodrick's fish is a piranha-type fish that was picked out the fish at a pet store in Dog Days, because it was described as aggressive. Due to Rodrick's neglect at cleaning the tank it was made to share a tank with Greg's fish, which it ate. The fish has not appeared since Dog Days, with no further mention of its eventual fate.

text: Aunt Gretchen's pets[edit]

text: Aunt Gretchen has about thirty pets that the Heffleys pet-sit in Hard Luck, while she is sightseeing. Her pets include three dogs, two cats, a mouse, a parakeet, a turtle, a snake, a lizard, and a litter of bunnies that her rabbit gave birth to while Gretchen is away.

text: Squirm[edit]

text: Squirm was an inchworm Greg found and took care of when he was nine. It was stood on and squashed by Manny when he began learning how to walk.

text: The Pig[edit]

text: The Heffley's pet pig has appeared in all books except The Getaway since The Long Haul, in which Manny Heffley won it at a country fair for correctly guessing the weight of a hog. To the annoyance of Greg, the pig exhibits extraordinary intelligence and gains human characteristics. One running gag is that despite not having opposable thumbs, the pig opens objects such as soda cans or a jar full of candy corn.


document_title: Kampala

question_text: town replaced by kampala as ugandan capital in 1962

root

text: Kampala

text: Etymology[edit]

text: Before the arrival of the British colonists, the Kabaka of Buganda had chosen the zone that would become Kampala as a hunting reserve. The area, composed of rolling hills with grassy wetlands in the valleys, was home to several species of antelope, particularly impala. When the British arrived, they called it "Hills of the Impala". The language of the Buganda, Luganda, adopted many English words because of their interactions with the British. The Buganda translated "Hill of the Impala" as Akasozi ke'Empala – "Kasozi" meaning "hill", "ke" meaning "of", and "empala" the plural of "impala". In Luganda, the words "ka'mpala" mean "that is of the impala", in reference to a hill, and the single word "Kampala" was adopted as the name for the city that grew out of the Kabaka's hills.[5]

tag: p

text: History[edit]

text: The city grew as the capital of the Buganda kingdom, from which several buildings survive, including the Kasubi Tombs (built in 1881), the Lubiri Palace, the Buganda Parliament and the Buganda Court of Justice. In 1890, British colonial administrator Frederick Lugard constructed a forum along Mengo Hill within the city, which allowed for the British to occupy much of the territory controlled by the Buganda, including Kampala.[6] In 1894, the British government officially established a protectorate within this territory, and in 1896, the protectorate expanded to cover the Ankole, Toro Kingdom, and Bunyoro kingdoms as well.[7] In 1905, the British government formally declared the entire territory to be a British colony.[8] From that time until the independence of the country in 1962, the capital was relocated to Entebbe, although the city continued to be the primary economic and manufacturing location for Uganda.[9] In 1922, the Makerere Technical Institute, now known as Makerere University, started as the first collegiate institution both within Kampala, and within the British colonies on the east coast of Africa.[9] Following the 1962 independence, Milton Obote became president of Uganda, and held the position until 1971, when former sergeant Idi Amin defeated his government in a military coup.[8] He proceeded to expel all Asian residents living within Kampala, and attacked the Jewish population living within the city.[8] In 1978, he invaded the neighboring country of Tanzania, and in turn, the government there started the Uganda–Tanzania War, which created severe damage to the buildings of Kampala.[10] Since then, the city has since then been rebuilt with constructions of new construction of hotels, banks, shopping malls, educational institutions, and hospitals and the improvement of war torn buildings and infrastructure. Traditionally, Kampala was a city of seven hills, but over time it has come to have a lot more.[11]

text: Features[edit]

text: The main campus of Makerere University is in the Makerere Hill area of the city.

text: Kampala also hosts the headquarters of the East African Development Bank on Nakasero Hill and the Uganda Local Governments Association on Entebbe Road.

text: Kampala was originally built on seven hills, but as its size has increased, it has expanded to more hills than seven. The original seven hills are:

text:
The first hill in historical importance is Kasubi Hill.
The second is Mengo Hill.
The third is Kibuli Hill, which is home to the Kibuli Mosque.
The fourth is Namirembe Hill, home to the Namirembe Anglican Cathedral.
The fifth is Lubaga Hill, the site of the Rubaga Catholic Cathedral.
The sixth is Nsambya Hill.
The seventh is Kampala Hill (Old Kampala). A mosque was built with monetary assistance from Libya on the hill in 2003, with a seating capacity of 15,000 people. The completed mosque was opened officially in June 2007.[12]

tag: ol

text: The city spread to Nakasero Hill, where there are international hotels, including the Kampala Speke Hotel, the Grand Imperial Hotel, the Kampala Intercontinental Hotel, the Imperial Royale Hotel, the Kampala Serena Hotel, the Kampala Sheraton Hotel, and The Pearl of Africa Hotel Kampala.[13]

text: There are also Tank Hill and Mulago Hill. The city is expanding rapidly to include Makindye Hill and Konge Hill.

text: Other features of the city include the Uganda Museum, the Ugandan National Theatre, Nakasero Market, and St. Balikuddembe Market (formerly Owino Market). Kampala is also known for its nightlife,[14] which includes several casinos, notably Casino Simba in the Garden City shopping centre, Kampala Casino, and Mayfair Casino. Port Bell on the shores of Lake Victoria is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.

text: Kampala hosts a Bahá'í House of Worship known as the Mother Temple of Africa and is situated on Kikaya Hill on the outskirts of the city. The temple was inaugurated in January 1961.[15]

text: The Ahmadiyya Central Mosque in Kampala is the central mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, which has six minarets and can hold up to 9,000 worshippers.[16]

text: While more than 30% of Kampala's citizens practice urban agriculture, the city of Kampala donated 32 acres to promote urban agriculture in the northeastern parish of Kyanja.[17]

text: Transport[edit]

text: Kampala is served by Entebbe International Airport, which is the largest airport in Uganda.

text: Boda-bodas (local motorbike transport) are a popular mode of transport that gives access to many areas within and outside the city. Standard fees for these range from USh:1,000 to 2,000 or more. Boda-bodas are useful for passing through rush-hour traffic, although many are poorly maintained and dangerous.[18]

text: In early 2007, it was announced that Kampala would remove commuter taxis from its streets and replace them with a comprehensive city bus service. (In Kampala, the term "taxi" refers to a 15-seater minibus used as public transport.) The bus service was expected to cover the greater Kampala metropolitan area including Mukono, Mpigi, Bombo, Entebbe, Wakiso and Gayaza. As of December 2011[update] the service had not yet started.[19] Having successfully completed the Northern Bypass, the government, in collaboration with its stakeholders, now plans to introduce the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Kampala by 2014. On 12 March 2012, Pioneer Easy Bus Company, a private transport company, started public bus service in Kampala with an estimated 100 buses each with a 60-passenger capacity (30 seated and 30 standing), acquired from China. Another 422 buses were expected in the country in 2012 to complement the current fleet. The buses operate 24 hours daily. The company has a concession to provide public transport in the city for the next five years.[20][21] The buses were impounded for back taxes in December 2013. The company expected to resume operation in February 2015.[22]

text: In 2014, Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni and a China transportation company signed a Memorandum of Understanding, that they would at some point begin embarking on building a light rail system in Kampala, similar to the one recently completed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

text: On 11 April 2011, the pressure group Activists for Change (A4C) held its first Walk to Work protest near Kampala, in response to a comment by President Museveni on the increased cost of fuel, which had risen by 50 percent between January and April 2011. He said: "What I call on the public to do is to use fuel sparingly. Don't drive to bars."[23][24] The protest, which called on workers to walk to work to highlight the increased cost of transport in Uganda,[23] was disrupted by police, who fired tear gas and arrested three-time presidential candidate Kizza Besigye and Democratic Party leader Norbert Mao.[25] In the course of the protest, Besigye was shot in the right arm by a rubber bullet. The government blamed the violence on protesters.[24]

text: Climate[edit]

text: Kampala has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) under the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system.[26]

text: A facet of Kampala's weather is that it features two annual wetter seasons. While the city does not have a true dry season month, it experiences heavier precipitation from August to December and from February to June. However, it's between February and June that Kampala sees substantially heavier rainfall per month, with April typically seeing the heaviest amount of precipitation at an average of around 169 millimetres (6.7 in) of rain. Kampala has been frequently mentioned as a lightning-strike capital of the world.

text:
[hide]Climate data for Kampala

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
33
(91)
36
(97)
33
(91)
33
(91)
29
(84)
29
(84)
29
(84)
29
(84)
31
(88)
32
(90)
32
(90)
32
(90)
36
(97)

Average high °C (°F)
28.6
(83.5)
29.3
(84.7)
28.7
(83.7)
27.7
(81.9)
27.3
(81.1)
27.1
(80.8)
26.9
(80.4)
27.2
(81)
27.9
(82.2)
27.7
(81.9)
27.4
(81.3)
27.9
(82.2)
27.8
(82)

Daily mean °C (°F)
23.2
(73.8)
23.7
(74.7)
23.4
(74.1)
22.9
(73.2)
22.6
(72.7)
22.4
(72.3)
22.0
(71.6)
22.2
(72)
22.6
(72.7)
22.6
(72.7)
22.5
(72.5)
22.7
(72.9)
22.73
(72.93)

Average low °C (°F)
17.7
(63.9)
18.0
(64.4)
18.1
(64.6)
18.0
(64.4)
17.9
(64.2)
17.6
(63.7)
17.1
(62.8)
17.1
(62.8)
17.2
(63)
17.4
(63.3)
17.5
(63.5)
17.5
(63.5)
17.6
(63.7)

Record low °C (°F)
12
(54)
14
(57)
13
(55)
14
(57)
15
(59)
12
(54)
12
(54)
12
(54)
13
(55)
13
(55)
14
(57)
12
(54)
12
(54)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
68.4
(2.693)
63.0
(2.48)
131.5
(5.177)
169.3
(6.665)
117.5
(4.626)
69.2
(2.724)
63.1
(2.484)
95.7
(3.768)
108.4
(4.268)
138.0
(5.433)
148.7
(5.854)
91.5
(3.602)
1,264.3
(49.774)

Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
4.8
5.1
9.5
12.2
10.9
6.3
4.7
6.7
8.6
9.1
8.4
7.4
93.7

Average relative humidity (%)
66
68.5
73
78.5
80.5
78.5
77.5
77.5
75.5
73.5
73
71.5
74.5

Mean monthly sunshine hours
155
170
155
120
124
180
186
155
150
155
150
124
1,824

Source #1: World Meteorological Organization,[27] Climate-Data.org for mean temperatures[26]

Source #2: BBC Weather[28]

tag: table

text: Demographics[edit]

text: The population of Kampala grew from 1,189,142 in 2002 to 1,507,080 in 2014.[29]

text: Kampala has a diverse ethnic population. The city's ethnic makeup has been defined by political and economic factors. A large number of western Ugandans, particularly the Banyankole, moved to the capital in the new government of Yoweri Museveni.[30]

text: Inter-tribal marriage in Uganda is still uncommon outside large urban centers. Although many Kampala residents have been born and brought up in the city, they still define themselves by their tribal roots and speak their ancestral languages. This is more evident in the suburbs, where tribal languages are spoken widely alongside English, Swahili, and Luganda. In addition to the Baganda and Banyankole, other large ethnic groups include the Basoga, Bafumbira, Batoro, Bakiga, Alur, Bagisu, Banyoro, Iteso, Langi, and Acholi.[31]

text: Economy[edit]

text: Efforts are underway to relocate heavy industry to the Kampala Business and Industrial Park, located in Namanve, Mukono District, approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of the city's central business district,[32] thereby cutting down on city traffic congestion. Some of the businesses that maintain their headquarters in the city center include all of the 25 commercial banks licensed in Uganda; the New Vision Group, the leading news media conglomerate and majority owned by the government; and the Daily Monitor publication, a member of the Kenya-based Nation Media Group. Air Uganda maintained its headquarters in an office complex on Kololo Hill in Kampala.[33] Crown Beverages Limited, the sole Pepsi-Cola franchise bottler in the country, is situated in Nakawa, a division of Kampala, about 5 kilometres (3 mi), east of the city centre.[34]

text: The informal sector is a large contributor to Kampala's GDP. Citizens who work in the formal sector also participate in informal activities to earn more income for their families. A public servant in Kampala, for example, may engage in aviculture in addition to working in the formal sector. Other informal fields include owning taxis and urban agriculture. The use of Kampala's wetlands for urban farming has increased over the past few decades. It connects the informal rural settlements with the more industrialized parts of the city. The produce grown in the wetlands is sold in markets in the urban areas.[35]

text: In December 2015, Google launched its first wi-fi network in Kampala.[36]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Kampala is home to the City Oilers, one of East Africa's top basketball club teams. It is the only East African team that competes in the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup. The Oilers play their home games in the MTN Arena, which is based in Kampala's Lugogo Area.[37]

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
Micheal Azira, Ugandan footballer who plays for the Colorado Rapids in Major League Soccer.
Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, British journalist and author
Cornelius Edwards, former boxer
Richard Gibson, British actor
Mandy Juruni, basketball coach
Aamito Lagum, fashion model, winner of the first season of Africa's Next Top Model
John Mugabi, world champion boxer[38]
Muteesa I, the 30th Kabaka of Buganda
Muwenda Mutebi II of Buganda, the 36th Kabaka of Buganda
Rajat Neogy, Ugandan Indian journalist, writer, poet and Founder and Editor of Transition Magazine
Shimit Amin Uganda born Indian filmmaker
Sudhir Ruparelia Ugandan entrepreneur and builder, Founder Chairman of [Ruparelia Group]]
Paulo Muwanga, former president and prime minister
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document_title: Carolingian Empire

question_text: the carolingian era was marked by what type of social system

text: Carolingian Empire

text: History[edit]

text: Rise of the Carolingians (c. 732 – 768)[edit]

text: Though Charles Martel chose not to take the title King (as his son Pepin III would, or Emperor, as his grandson Charlemagne) he was absolute ruler of virtually all of today's continental Western Europe north of the Pyrenees. Only the remaining Saxon realms, which he partly conquered, Lombardy, and the Marca Hispanica south of the Pyrenees were significant additions to the Frankish realms after his death.

text: Martel was also the founder of all the feudal systems and merit system that marked the Carolingian Empire, and Europe in general during the Middle Ages, though his son and grandson would gain credit for his innovations. Further, Martel cemented his place in history with his defense of Christian Europe against a Muslim army at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Iberian Saracens had incorporated Berber light horse cavalry with the heavy Arab cavalry to create a formidable army that had almost never been defeated. Christian European forces, meanwhile, lacked the powerful tool of the stirrup. In this victory, Charles earned the surname Martel ("the Hammer").[3] Edward Gibbon, the historian of Rome and its aftermath, called Charles Martel "the paramount prince of his age".

text: Pepin III accepted the nomination as king by Pope Zachary in about 751. Charlemagne's rule began in 768 at Pepin's death. He proceeded to take control of the kingdom following his brother Carloman's death, as the two brothers co-inherited their father's kingdom. Charlemagne was crowned Roman Emperor in the year 800.[4]

text: During the reign of Charlemagne (768–814)[edit]

text: The Carolingian Empire during the reign of Charlemagne covered most of Western Europe, as the Roman Empire once had. Unlike the Romans, who ventured beyond the Rhine only for vengeance after the disaster at Teutoburg Forest (9 AD), Charlemagne decisively crushed all Germanic resistance and extended his realm to the Elbe, influencing events almost to the Russian Steppes.

text: Charlemagne's reign was one of near-constant warfare, many of his campaigns he led personally. He seized the Lombard Kingdom in 774, led a failed campaign into Spain in 778, extended his domain into Bavaria in 788, ordered his son Pepin to campaign against the Avars in 795, and conquered Saxon territories in wars and rebellions fought from 772 to 804.[3][5]

text: Prior to the death of Charlemagne, the Empire was divided among various members of the Carolingian dynasty. These included King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne, who received Neustria; King Louis the Pious, who received Aquitaine; and King Pepin, who received Italy. Pepin died with an illegitimate son, Bernard, in 810, and Charles died without heirs in 811. Although Bernard succeeded Pepin as King of Italy, Louis was made co-Emperor in 813, and the entire Empire passed to him with Charlemagne's death in the winter of 814.[6]

text: Reign of Louis the Pious and the civil war (814–843)[edit]

text: Louis the Pious often had to struggle to maintain control of the Empire. King Bernard of Italy died in 818 in imprisonment after rebelling a year earlier, and Italy was brought back into Imperial control. Louis' show of penance for Bernard's death in 822 greatly reduced his prestige as Emperor to the nobility. Meanwhile, in 817 Louis had established three new Carolingian Kingships for his sons from his first marriage: Lothar was made King of Italy and co-Emperor, Pepin was made King of Aquitaine, and Louis the German was made King of Bavaria. His attempts in 823 to bring his fourth son (from his second marriage), Charles the Bald into the will was marked by the resistance of his eldest sons, and the last years of his reign were plagued by civil war.

text: Lothar was stripped of his co-Emperorship in 829[why?] and was banished to Italy, but the following year his sons attacked Louis' empire and dethroned him in favor of Lothar. The following year Louis attacked his sons' Kingdoms, stripped Lothar of his Imperial title and granted the Kingdom of Italy to Charles. Pepin and Louis the German revolted in 832, followed by Lothar in 833, and together they imprisoned Louis the Pious and Charles. In 835, peace was made within the family, and Louis was restored to the Imperial throne. When Pepin died in 838, Louis crowned Charles king of Aquitaine, whilst the nobility elected Pepin's son Pepin II, a conflict which was not resolved until 860 with Pepin's death. When Louis the Pious finally died in 840, Lothar claimed the entire empire irrespective of the partitions.

text: As a result, Charles and Louis the German went to war against Lothar. After losing the Battle of Fontenay, Lothar fled to his capital at Aachen and raised a new army, which was inferior to that of the younger brothers. In the Oaths of Strasbourg, in 842, Charles and Louis agreed to declare Lothar unfit for the imperial throne. This marked the East-West division of the Empire between Louis and Charles until the Verdun Treaty. Considered a milestone in European history, the Oaths of Strasbourg symbolize the birth of both France and Germany.[7] The partition of Carolingian Empire was finally settled in 843 by and between Louis the Pious' three sons in the Treaty of Verdun.[8]

text: After the Treaty of Verdun (843–877)[edit]

text: Lothar received the Imperial title, the Kingship of Italy, and the territory between the Rhine and Rhone Rivers, collectively called the Central Frankish Realm. Louis was guaranteed the Kingship of all lands to the east of the Rhine and to the north and east of Italy, which was called the Eastern Frankish Realm which was the precursor to modern Germany. Charles received all lands west of the Rhone, which was called the Western Frankish Realm.

text: Lothar retired Italy to his eldest son Louis II in 844, making him co-Emperor in 850. Lothar died in 855, dividing his kingdom into three parts: the territory already held by Louis remained his, the territory of the former Kingdom of Burgundy was granted to his third son Charles of Burgundy, and the remaining territory for which there was no traditional name was granted to his second son Lothar II, whose realm was named Lotharingia.

text: Louis II, dissatisfied with having received no additional territory upon his father's death, allied with his uncle Louis the German against his brother Lothar and his uncle Charles the Bald in 858. Lothar reconciled with his brother and uncle shortly after. Charles was so unpopular that he could not raise an army to fight the invasion and instead fled to Burgundy. He was only saved when the bishops refused to crown Louis the German King. In 860, Charles the Bald invaded Charles of Burgundy's Kingdom but was repulsed. Lothar II ceded lands to Louis II in 862 for support of a divorce from his wife, which caused repeated conflicts with the Pope and his uncles. Charles of Burgundy died in 863, and his Kingdom was inherited by Louis II.

text: Lothar II died in 869 with no legitimate heirs, and his Kingdom was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German in 870 by the Treaty of Meerssen. Meanwhile, Louis the German was involved in disputes with his three sons. Louis II died in 875, and named Carloman, the eldest son of Louis the German, his heir. Charles the Bald, supported by the Pope, was crowned both King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor. The following year, Louis the German died. Charles tried to annex his realm too, but was defeated decisively at Andernach, and the Kingdom of the eastern Franks was divided between Louis the Younger, Carloman of Bavaria and Charles the Fat.

text: Decline (877–888)[edit]

text: The Empire, after the death of Charles the Bald, was under attack in the north and west by the Vikings and was facing internal struggles from Italy to the Baltic, from Hungary in the east to Aquitaine in the west. Charles the Bald died in 877 crossing the Pass of Mont Cenis, and was succeeded by his son, Louis the Stammerer as King of the Western Franks, but the title of Holy Roman Emperor lapsed. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and died two years later, his realm being divided between his eldest two sons: Louis III gaining Neustria and Francia, and Carloman gaining Aquitaine and Burgundy. The Kingdom of Italy was finally granted to King Carloman of Bavaria, but a stroke forced him to abdicate Italy to his brother Charles the Fat and Bavaria to Louis of Saxony. Also in 879, Boso, Count of Arles founded the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy in Provence.

text: In 881, Charles the Fat was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor while Louis III of Saxony and Louis III of Francia died the following year. Saxony and Bavaria were united with Charles the Fat's Kingdom, and Francia and Neustria were granted to Carloman of Aquitaine who also conquered Lower Burgundy. Carloman died in a hunting accident in 884 after a tumultuous and ineffective reign, and his lands were inherited by Charles the Fat, effectively recreating the Empire of Charlemagne.

text: Charles, suffering what is believed to be epilepsy, could not secure the kingdom against Viking raiders, and after buying their withdrawal from Paris in 886 was perceived by the court as being cowardly and incompetent. The following year his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia, the illegitimate son of King Carloman of Bavaria, raised the standard of rebellion. Instead of fighting the insurrection, Charles fled to Neidingen and died the following year in 888, leaving a divided entity and a succession mess.

text: Divisions in 887–88[edit]

text: The Empire of the Carolingians was divided: Arnulf maintained Carinthia, Bavaria, Lorraine and modern Germany; Count Odo of Paris was elected King of Western Francia (France), Ranulf II became King of Aquitaine, Italy went to Count Berengar of Friuli, Upper Burgundy to Rudolph I, and Lower Burgundy to Louis the Blind, the son of Boso of Arles, King of Lower Burgundy and maternal grandson of Emperor Louis II. The other part of Lotharingia became the duchy of Burgundy.[9]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: The largest cities in the Carolingian Empire around the year 800:

text: Rome 50,000. Paris 25,000. Regensburg 25,000. Metz 25,000. Mainz 20,000. Speyer 20,000. Tours 20,000. Trier 15,000. Cologne 15,000. Lyon 12,000. Worms 10,000. Poitiers 10,000. Provins 10,000. Rennes 10,000. Rouen 10,000.[10][11][12]

text: Government[edit]

text: The government, administration, and organization of the Carolingian Empire were forged in the court of Charlemagne in the decades around the year 800. In this year, Charlemagne was crowned emperor and adapted his existing royal administration to live up to the expectations of his new title. The political reforms wrought in Aachen were to have an immense impact on the political definition of Western Europe for the rest of the Middle Ages. The Carolingian improvements on the old Merovingian mechanisms of governance have been lauded by historians for the increased central control, efficient bureaucracy, accountability, and cultural renaissance.

text: The Carolingian Empire was the largest western territory since the fall of Rome, but historians have come to suspect the depth of the emperor's influence and control. Legally, the Carolingian emperor exercised the bannum, the right to rule and command, over all of his territories. Also, he had supreme jurisdiction in judicial matters, made legislation, led the army, and protected both the Church and the poor. His administration was an attempt to organize the kingdom, church, and nobility around him, however, its efficacy was directly dependent upon the efficiency, loyalty and support of his subjects.

text: Military[edit]

text: It has long been held that the dominance of the Carolingian military was based on a "cavalry revolution" led by Charles Martel in 730. However, the stirrup, which made the 'shock cavalry' lance charge possible, was not introduced to the Frankish kingdom until the late eighth century.[13] Instead, the Carolingian military success rested primarily on novel siege technologies and excellent logistics.[14] However, large numbers of horses were used by the Frankish military during the age of Charlemagne. This was because horses provided a quick, long-distance method of transporting troops, which was critical to building and maintaining such a large empire.[13]

text: Capitals[edit]

text: No permanent capital city existed in the empire, the itinerant court being a typical characteristic of all Western European kingdoms at this time. Some "main residences" can, however, be distinguished. In the first year of his reign, Charlemagne went to Aachen (French: Aix-la-Chapelle; Italian: Aquisgrana) for the first time. He began to build a palace twenty years later (788). The palace chapel, constructed in 796, later became Aachen Cathedral. Charlemagne spent most winters between 800 and his death (814) at Aachen, which he made the joint capital with Rome, in order to enjoy the hot springs. Charlemagne organized his empire into 350 counties, each led by an appointed count. Counts served as judges, administrators, and enforcers of capitularies. To enforce loyalty, he set up the system of missi dominici, meaning "envoys of the lord". In this system, one representative of the Church and one representative of the Emperor would head to the different counties every year and report back to Charlemagne on their status.

text: Household[edit]

text: The royal household was an itinerant body (until c. 802) which moved around the kingdom making sure good government was upheld in the localities. The most important positions were the chaplain (who was responsible for all ecclesiastical affairs in the kingdom), and the count of the palace (Count palatine) who had supreme control over the household. It also included more minor officials e.g. chamberlain, seneschal, and marshal. The household sometimes led the army (e.g. Seneschal Andorf against the Bretons in 786).

text: Possibly associated with the chaplain and the royal chapel was the office of the chancellor, head of the chancery, a non-permanent writing office. The charters produced were rudimentary and mostly to do with land deeds. There are 262 surviving from Charles’ reign as opposed to 40 from Pepin’s and 350 from Louis the Pious.

text: Officials[edit]

text: There are 3 main offices which enforced Carolingian authority in the localities:

text: The Comes (Latin: count). Appointed by Charles to administer a county. The Carolingian Empire (except Bavaria) was divided up into between 110 and 600 counties, each divided into centenae which were under the control of a vicar. At first, they were royal agents sent out by Charles but after c. 802 they were important local magnates. They were responsible for justice, enforcing capitularies, levying soldiers, receiving tolls and dues and maintaining roads and bridges. They could technically be dismissed by the king but many offices became hereditary. They were also sometimes corrupt although many were exemplary e.g. Count Eric of Friuli. Provincial governors eventually evolved who supervised several counts.

text: The Missi Dominici (Latin: dominical emissaries). Originally appointed ad hoc, a reform in 802 led to the office of missus dominicus becoming a permanent one. The Missi Dominici were sent out in pairs. One was an ecclesiastic and one secular. Their status as high officials were thought to safeguard them from the temptation of taking bribes. They made four journeys a year in their local missaticum, each lasting a month, and were responsible for making the royal will and capitularies known, judging cases and occasionally raising armies.

text: The Vassi Dominici. These were the king’s vassals and were usually the sons of powerful men, holding ‘benefices’ and forming a contingent in the royal army. They also went on ad hoc missions.

text: Legal system[edit]

text: Around 780 Charlemagne reformed the local system of administering justice and created the scabini, professional experts on the law. Every count had the help of seven of these scabini, who were supposed to know every national law so that all men could be judged according to it.

text: Judges were also banned from taking bribes and were supposed to use sworn inquests to establish facts.

text: In 802, all law was written down and amended (the Salic law was also amended in both 798 and 802, although even Einhard admits in section 29 that this was imperfect). Judges were supposed to have a copy of both the Salic law code and the Ripuarian law code.

text: Coinage[edit]

text: Coinage had a strong association with the Roman Empire, and Charlemagne took up its regulation with his other imperial duties. The Carolingians exercised controls over the silver coinage of the realm, controlling its composition and value. The name of the emperor, not of the minter, appeared on the coins. Charlemagne worked to suppress mints in northern Germany on the Baltic sea.

text: Subdivision[edit]

text: The Frankish kingdom was subdivided by Charlemagne into three separate areas to make administration easier. These were the inner "core" of the kingdom (Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy) which were supervised directly by the missatica system and the itinerant household. Outside this was the regna where Frankish administration rested upon the counts, and outside this was the marcher areas where ruled powerful governors. These marcher lordships were present in Brittany, Spain, and Bavaria.

text: Charles also created two sub-kingdoms in Aquitaine and Italy, ruled by his sons Louis and Pepin respectively. Bavaria was also under the command of an autonomous governor, Gerold, until his death in 796. While Charles still had overall authority in these areas they were fairly autonomous with their own chancery and minting facilities.

text: Placitum generalis[edit]

text: The annual meeting, the Placitum Generalis or Marchfield, was held every year (between March and May) at a place appointed by the king. It was called for three reasons: to gather the Frankish host to go on a campaign, to discuss political and ecclesiastical matters affecting the kingdom and to legislate for them, and to make judgments. All important men had to go the meeting and so it was an important way for Charles to make his will known. Originally the meeting worked effectively however later it merely became a forum for discussion and for nobles to express their dissatisfaction.

text: Oaths[edit]

text: The oath of fidelity was a way for Charles to ensure loyalty from all his subjects. As early as 779 he banned sworn guilds between other men so that everyone took an oath of loyalty only to him. In 789 (in response to the 786 rebellion) he began legislating that everyone should swear fidelity to him as king, however in 802 he expanded the oath greatly and made it so that all men over age 12 swore it to him.

text: Capitularies[edit]

text: The five greatest capitularies of Charlemagne’s reign are:

text:
The Capitulary of Herstal of 779. This is a short capitulary and launched according to Ganshof in response to a crisis in Aquitaine, Italy, and Spain. It is concerned a lot with ordo, making sure that the church is working correctly, also with reinforcing the wergild and Frankish ideals. Notably forced the usage of tithes.
Admonitio Generalis of 789. “Blueprint for a new society” mentioning social issues for the first time. The first 58 clauses (of 82) reiterate decisions made by previous church councils and much is also to do with ordo.
The Capitulary of Frankfurt of 794. This is mainly to do with theology and speaks out against adoptionism and iconoclasm.
The Programmatic Capitulary of 802. This shows an increasing sense of vision in society.
The Capitulary for the Jews of 814, delineating the prohibitions of Jews engaging in commerce or money-lending.

text: List of emperors[edit]

text: This table shows only those Carolingians who were crowned as emperor by the pope in Rome. For other Carolingian kings, see King of the Franks. For the later emperors, see Holy Roman Emperor.

text:
Later image
Name
Imperial coronation
Death
Contemporary coin

Charles I
(Charlemagne)
25 December 800
28 January 814

Louis I
(Louis the Pious)
1st: 11 September 813[15]
2nd: 5 October 816
20 June 840

Lothair I
5 April 823
29 September 855

Louis II
1st: Easter 850
2nd: 18 May 872
12 August 875

Charles II
(Charles the Bald)
29 December 875
6 October 877

Charles III
(Charles the Fat)
12 February 881
13 January 888