document_title: List of Super Bowl records

question_text: who has the longest super bowl win streak

question_tokens: who has the longest super bowl win streak

text: List of Super Bowl records

text: Individual player records[edit]

text:
A complete list of Super Bowl records can be found in the 2017 Official NFL Record & Fact Book[1] beginning at page 654.
Records can also be found at Pro Football Reference.com.[2]

text: Service[edit]

text: Most Super Bowl MVP awards, career, 4

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, LI

text: Most games, winning team, 5

text:
Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI
Charles Haley – defensive end/linebacker, San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Most games, losing team, 5

text:
Glenn Parker – offensive line, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, N.Y. Giants XXXV [3]
Cornelius Bennett – linebacker, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, Atlanta XXXIII
Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most consecutive championships as a player, 3

text: Ken Norton Jr. – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, San Francisco XXIX

text: Back to back championships with different teams[4]

text:
Ken Norton Jr., Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, San Francisco XXIX
Deion Sanders, XXIX with the 49ers and XXX with the Cowboys
Chris Long, LI with the Patriots and LII with the Eagles
LeGarrette Blount, LI with the Patriots and LII with the Eagles

text: Win a Super Bowl with one team and then defeat that same team in the Super Bowl the following season[4]

text:
Chris Long, LI, Patriots and LII, Eagles
LeGarrette Blount, LI, Patriots and LII, Eagles

text: Longest time span between Super Bowl championships as a player, 12 seasons

text: Ray Lewis – Baltimore Ravens XXXV, Baltimore Ravens XLVII

text: Most appearances as either a player or coach, 11

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most games played, 8

text: Tom Brady – quarterback, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most games started, 8

text: Most consecutive appearances, 5

text: Gale Gilbert – quarterback, Buffalo XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, San Diego XXIX

text: Most starts at quarterback, 8

text: Most wins as starting quarterback, 5

text: Tom Brady – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI

text: Wins as starting quarterback for two different teams

text: Peyton Manning – Indianapolis XLI, Denver 50 [5]

text: Most games as a kicker, 5

text:
Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI
Stephen Gostkowski – New England XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most wins as a kicker, 4

text: Adam Vinatieri – New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Oldest player, 42 years and 11 days

text: Matt Stover, kicker – Indianapolis XLIV

text: Youngest player to start, 21 years and 322 days

text: Bryan Bulaga, offensive lineman – Green Bay XLV

text: Quarterbacks to both throw and catch a touchdown pass

text: Nick Foles - Philadelphia LII[6]

text: Oldest quarterback to win, 39 years and 320 days

text: Peyton Manning – Denver 50[7]

text: Oldest quarterback to start, 40 years and 185 days

text: Tom Brady - New England LII

text: Youngest quarterback to start and to win, 23 years and 340 days

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh XL

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Most points scored, career, 48

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII

text: Most points scored, single game, 20

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI - 3 TD, 1 (2-point) conversion

text: Longest scoring play, 108 yard kickoff return

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[8]

text: Most Touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington vs. Denver, XXII[9]
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[8]

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: 00 In this category R = rushing touchdown (TD); P = pass reception TD; KR = kickoff return TD

text: Most touchdowns, career, 8

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX, and Oakland XXXVII (8-P)

text: Most touchdowns, single game, 3 (accomplished six times by five players)

text:
Roger Craig – San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX (1-R, 2-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV (3-P)
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (3-P)
Ricky Watters – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX (1-R, 2-P)
Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII (3-R)
James White- New England vs. Atlanta, LI (2-R, 1-P)

text: Most touchdowns, plays of 50-or-more yards, game, 2[8]

text:
Ricky Sanders – Washington, XXII (2-P)
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens, XLVII (1-P, 1-KR)

text: Touchdowns scored for two different teams, 3 players

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, Oakland XXXVII
Ricky Proehl – St. Louis Rams XXXVI, Carolina XXXVIII
Muhsin Muhammad – Carolina XXXVIII, Chicago XLI

text: Longest play, 108 yards

text: Jacoby Jones – KR, Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII[10]

text: Passing[edit]

text: Highest passer rating, career, (40 attempts), 127.83

text: Joe Montana – 4 games, San Francisco XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Highest passer rating, game, 150.92

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Lowest passer rating to win game, 22.6

text: Ben Roethlisberger – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most attempts, career, 357

text: Tom Brady – 8 games, New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most attempts, game, 62

text: Tom Brady – New England vs Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest attempts by winning QB, game, 7

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most completions, career, 235

text: Most completions to start a game, 9

text: Eli Manning – New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Most consecutive completions, game, 16

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Most completions, game, 43

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most completions, both quarterbacks, 63[11]

text: Drew Brees – New Orleans (32) vs. Peyton Manning Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest completions by winning QB, game, 6

text: Bob Griese – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Highest completion percentage, career, (40 attempts), 70%

text: Troy Aikman – Dallas, 3 games (80–56) XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Highest completion percentage, game, (20 attempts), 88%

text: Phil Simms – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI (25–22)

text: Highest completion percentage, both teams, 75% (84–63)[11]

text: Drew Brees, New Orleans vs. Peyton Manning, Indianapolis XLIV

text: Most passing yards, career, 2,576

text: Most passing yards, game, 505

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Most passing yards, quarter, 228 (second)

text: Doug Williams – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest pass, 85 yards (TD)

text: Jake Delhomme (to Muhsin Muhammad) – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Fewest passing yards by a Super Bowl MVP, 119

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Miami, VI

text: Highest average gain, career (40 attempts), 11.10 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh, 4 games (84–932), IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Highest average gain, game (20 attempts), 14.71 yards

text: Terry Bradshaw – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (21–309)

text: Most touchdown passes, career, 18

text: Most touchdown passes, half, 4

text:
Doug Williams, first half – Washington vs. Denver, XXII
Steve Young, first half – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Most touchdown passes, quarter, 4 (second)

text: Most touchdown passes, game, 6

text: Steve Young - San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Lowest percentage, passes had intercepted, career, (40 attempts), 0.00%

text:
Jim Plunkett, Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, 2 games (46–0), XV, XVIII
Joe Montana, San Francisco, 4 games (122–0), XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV

text: Most attempts, without interception, game, 48

text: Tom Brady – New England vs. New York Giants, XLII, New England vs. Philadelphia Eagles, LII

text: Most interceptions thrown, career, 8

text: John Elway – Denver 5 games XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXXII, XXXIII

text: Most interceptions thrown, game, 5

text: Rich Gannon – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Most attempts, career, 101

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, and XIV

text: Most attempts, game, 38

text: John Riggins – Washington vs. Miami, XVII

text: Most rushing yards, career, 354

text: Most rushing yards, game, 204

text: Timmy Smith – Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Longest run from scrimmage, 75 yards (TD)

text: Willie Parker – Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

text: Most rushing touchdowns, career, 5

text: Emmitt Smith – Dallas XXVII, XXVIII, and XXX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 3

text: Terrell Davis – Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Highest average gain, career (20 attempts), 9.6 yards

text: Marcus Allen – Los Angeles Raiders, 1 game (20–191) XVIII

text: Highest average gain, game (10 attempts), 10.5 yards

text: Tom Matte – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III (11–116)

text: Longest Touchdown Run, Quarterback, 15 yards

text: Colin Kaepernick – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[8]

text: Most rushing yards, game, Quarterback, 64 yards

text: Steve McNair – Tennessee vs. St. Louis, XXXIV

text: Receiving[edit]

text: Most receptions, career, 33

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most receptions, game, 14

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most receiving yards, career, 589

text: Most receiving yards, game, 215[1]

text: Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

text: Most receiving yards, game, tight end, 116

text: Rob Gronkowski – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII [12]

text: Most receiving yards, game, running back, 110

text: James White – New England vs. Atlanta, LI [13]

text: Longest reception, 85 yards (TD)

text: Muhsin Muhammad – (from Delhomme), Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII (TD)

text: Highest average gain, career (8 receptions), 24.4 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh, 4 games (11–268)

text: Highest average gain, game (3 receptions), 40.33 yards

text: John Stallworth – Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV (3–121)

text: Most receiving touchdowns, career, 8

text: Most receiving touchdowns, game, 3

text:
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
Jerry Rice – San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Most receiving touchdowns, game, Quarterback, 1

text: Nick Foles – New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Combined yardage[edit]

text: This category includes rushing, receiving, interception returns, punt returns, kickoff returns, and fumble returns.[14]

text: Most Attempts, career, 108

text: Franco Harris – Pittsburgh 4 games IX, X, XIII, XIV

text: Most Attempts, game, 39

text: Most yards gained, career, 604

text: Jerry Rice – 4 games San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX; Oakland XXXVII

text: Most yards gained, game, 290

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Most fumbles, career, 5

text: Roger Staubach – Dallas 4 games VI, X, XII, XIII

text: Most fumbles, game, 3

text:
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Jim Kelly – Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Frank Reich – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, career, 2

text:
Jake Scott, Miami, 3 games (1 own, 1 opponent)
Fran Tarkenton, Minnesota, 3 games (2 own)
Franco Harris, Pittsburgh, 4 games (2 own)
Roger Staubach, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Bobby Walden, Pittsburgh, 2 games (2 own)
John Fitzgerald, Dallas, 4 games (2 own)
Randy Hughes, Dallas, 3 games (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson, Dallas, 2 games (2 own)
Mike Singletary, Chicago, 1 game (2 opponent)
John Elway, Denver, 5 games (2 own)
Jimmie Jones, Dallas, 2 games (2 opponent)
Kenneth Davis, Buffalo, 4 games (2 own)
Kurt Warner, St. Louis Rams – Arizona, 3 games (2 own)
Danny Trevathan, Denver, 2 games (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 2

text:
Jake Scott – Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII (1 own, 1 opponent)
Roger Staubach – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X (2 own)
Randy Hughes – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 opponent)
Butch Johnson – Dallas vs. Denver, XII (2 own)
Mike Singletary – Chicago vs. New England, XX (2 opponent)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (2 opponent)
Danny Trevathan – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (1 own, 1 opponent)

text: Most fumble return yards, game, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return, 64 yards

text: Leon Lett – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Longest fumble return for touchdown, 49 yards

text: Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII

text: Most fumble returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Mike Bass – Washington vs. Miami, VII (opponent 49 yards)
Mike Hegman – Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII (opponent 37 yards)
Jimmie Jones – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 2 yards)
Ken Norton, Jr. – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII (opponent 9 yards)
James Washington – Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII (opponent 46 yards)
Malik Jackson – Denver vs. Carolina, 50 (opponent end zone)

text: Defense[edit]

text: Most interceptions, career, 3

text:
Chuck Howley – Dallas 2 games, V, VI
Rod Martin – Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders 2 games XV, XVIII
Larry Brown – Dallas 3 games XXVII, XXVIII, XXX

text: Most interceptions, game, 3

text: Rod Martin – Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV

text: Most interception yards gained, career, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – 4 games San Diego XXIX, Denver XXXII, XXXIII, Oakland XXXVII

text: Most interception yards gained, game, 108

text: Darrien Gordon – Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII

text: Longest interception return, 100 yards, TD

text: James Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII

text: Most interceptions returned for a touchdown, game, 2

text: Dwight Smith – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most tackles, game, 13

text:
Gary Brackett – Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV [15]
Keanu Neal – Atlanta vs. New England [15]

text: Most tackles, career, 22

text: Bobby Wagner – Linebacker Seattle 2 games XLVIII, XLIX

text: Most tackles plus assists, game, 18 (11 tackles, 7 assists)

text: Dan Morgan – Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII

text: Most sacks, career, 5

text: L. C. Greenwood – 4 games Pittsburgh IX, X, XIII, XIV [16][17]

text: Most sacks, game, 4

text: L. C. Greenwood – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X [17]

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Dwight White – Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX (Was first score of game)
Henry Waechter – Chicago vs. New England, XX
George Martin – New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Bruce Smith – Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Cliff Avril – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII[18] (Was first score of game)

text: Reggie Harrison – Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

text: Chris Culliver credited for safety – San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII[8]

text:
Justin Hartwig (holding penalty) – center, Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
Tom Brady (intentional grounding penalty) – quarterback, New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI (Was first score of game) [19]

text: Special teams[edit]

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Longest kickoff return, 108 yards, TD

text: Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII

text: Most kickoff returns, career, 10

text: Ken Bell – Denver 3 games XXI, XXII, XXIV [20]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 8

text:
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Marcus Knight – Oakland vs. Tampa Bay XXXVII

text: Most kickoff return yards, career, 283

text: Fulton Walker – Miami 2 games XVII, XIX

text: Most kickoff return yards, game, 244

text: Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Highest kickoff return average, career (4 returns), 42.0 yards

text: Tim Dwight, Atlanta, 1 game (5–210) XXXIII

text: Highest kickoff return average, game (3 returns), 47.5 yards

text: Fulton Walker, Miami vs. Washington, (4–190) XVII

text: Opening kickoff returned for touchdown, 1 time

text: Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI

text: Most kickoff returns for touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Fulton Walker – Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Stanford Jennings – Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
Andre Coleman – San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Tim Dwight – Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Ron Dixon – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants XXXV
Devin Hester – Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Jacoby Jones – Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Percy Harvin – Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Kickoffs[edit]

text: Most kickoffs for touchback, 5

text:
Lin Elliott – 9 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – Dallas vs. Buffalo XXVII
Stephen Gostkowski – 5 kickoffs, 5 touchbacks – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Punting[edit]

text: Longest punt, 64 yards

text: Ryan Allen – New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most punts inside 10 yard line, game, 3

text: Steve Weatherford – New York Giants vs. New England XLVI

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: Brad Maynard – New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens XXXV

text: Most punts, career, 17

text:
Mike Eischeid – 3 games Oakland II, Minnesota VIII, IX
Mike Horan – 4 games Denver XXI, XXII, XXIV, St. Louis Rams XXXIV

text: Highest punting average, career (10 punts), 46.5 yards

text: Jerrel Wilson, Kansas City 2 games (11–511) – I, IV

text: Highest punting average, game (4 punts), 50.2 yards

text: Tom Rouen, Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301) – XL

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Most punt returns, career, 8

text: Troy Brown – New England 3 games XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Mike Nelms – Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Most fair catches, game, 4

text:
Jermaine Lewis – Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
Karl Williams – Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most punt return yards gained, career, 94

text: John Taylor – San Francisco 3 games XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most punt return yards gained, game, 90

text: Desmond Howard – Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Longest punt return, 61 yards

text: Jordan Norwood – Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, career (4 returns), 15.7 yards

text: John Taylor, 3 games (6–94) San Francisco XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Highest average, punt return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: John Taylor, San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56) XXIII

text: Most punt returns for touchdowns, game, 0

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, career, 10

text: Adam Vinatieri – 5 games New England XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, Indianapolis XLI

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
Jim Turner – New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Efren Herrera – Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, career, 7

text: Game winning field goals

text:
Jim O'Brien 0:05 time left – Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Adam Vinatieri 0:00 time left – New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
Adam Vinatieri 0:04 time left – New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Don Chandler – Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
Ray Wersching – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most 40-plus yard field goals, game, 3

text: Garrett Hartley – New Orleans Saints vs. Indianapolis XLIV

text: Longest field goal, 54 yards

text: Steve Christie – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Shortest field goal, 9 yards

text:
Jim Turner – Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets III
Mike Clark – Dallas vs. Miami VI

text: Note: The goal posts were moved to the back of the end zone in 1974. As such, this record cannot be broken without another change to the layout of the field. Standard field goal protocol does not currently allow a kick 17 yards or shorter.

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, career, 13

text: Most (one point) extra points, game, 7

text:
Mike Cofer – San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Lin Elliot – Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
Doug Brien – San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text: Most 2 point conversions, game, 1

text:
Mark Seay – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Alfred Pupunu – San Diego vs. San Francisco XXIX
Mark Chmura – Green Bay vs. New England XXXI
Kevin Faulk – New England vs. Carolina XXXVIII
Lance Moore – New Orleans vs. Indianapolis XLIV
Antwaan Randle El – Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV
Wes Welker – Denver vs. Seattle XLVIII
Bennie Fowler – Denver vs. Carolina 50
James White - New England vs. Atlanta LI
Danny Amendola - New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Team records[edit]

text: All records can be referenced at NFL.com.[1][2]

text: Most Super Bowl appearances, 10

text: New England Patriots XX, XXXI, XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl appearances, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most Super Bowl victories, 6

text: Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X, XIII, XIV, XL, XLIII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl victories, 2 (occurred 8 times)

text:
Green Bay Packers I, II
Miami Dolphins VII, VIII
Pittsburgh Steelers IX, X
Pittsburgh Steelers XIII, XIV
San Francisco 49ers XXIII, XXIV
Dallas Cowboys XXVII, XXVIII
Denver Broncos XXXII, XXXIII
New England Patriots XXXVIII, XXXIX

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 5

text:
Denver Broncos XII, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XLVIII
New England Patriots XX, XXXI, XLII, XLVI, LII

text: Most consecutive Super Bowl losses, 4

text: Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Super Bowl win with no home playoff games

text:
Green Bay Packers I – 2 playoff games
Kansas City Chiefs IV – 3 playoff games
Pittsburgh Steelers XL – 4 playoff games
New York Giants XLII – 4 playoff games
Green Bay Packers XLV – 4 playoff games

text: Most Super Bowl wins without a loss, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens – XXXV, XLVII

text: Longest Super Bowl win streak, 5 games

text: San Francisco 49ers – XVI, XIX, XXIII, XXIV, XXIX

text: Most Super Bowl appearances without a win, 4

text:
Minnesota Vikings IV, VIII, IX, XI
Buffalo Bills XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII

text: Most common matchup, 3

text: Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Dallas Cowboys X, XIII, XXX

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Points[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most points, game, 55

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most consecutive points, game, 42

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points by a losing team, game, 33

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest points, game, 3

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Fewest points by winning team, game, 14

text: Miami vs. Washington, VII

text: Largest margin of victory, 45 points

text: San Francisco 49ers vs. Denver, (55–10) XXIV

text: Smallest margin of victory, 1 point

text: New York Giants vs. Buffalo, (20–19), XXV

text: Most points scored, first half of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, second half of play, 30

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

text: Most points scored in any quarter of play, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, (second quarter), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 14 (by 7 teams)

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
New England vs. Green Bay, XXXI
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 21

text: Chicago vs. New England, XX

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 21

text: Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Largest lead, end of first quarter, 14 points

text:
Miami vs. Minnesota, (14–0), VIII
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, (14–0), XV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, (14–0), XLV

text: Largest halftime margin, 25 points

text: Washington vs. Denver, (35–10), XXII

text: Largest halftime lead with a shutout, 22 points [21]

text: Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Largest lead, end of 3rd quarter, 41 points

text: Chicago vs. New England, (44–3), XX

text: Largest comeback, 25 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest 4th quarter comeback, 19 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 28–9. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Largest halftime comeback, 18 points

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI Patriots behind 21–3. Won 34–28 (OT)

text: Fewest points, first half, 0 (12 times)

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
Minnesota 4 times -vs. Kansas City, IV, vs. Miami, VIII, vs. Pittsburgh, IX, vs. Oakland, XI
Washington vs. Miami, VII
Denver 2 times -vs. Dallas, XII, vs. Seattle, XLVIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Washington, XXVI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest points, second half, 0 (8 times)

text:
Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V
Miami 4 times – vs. Dallas, VI, vs. Washington, VII, vs. Washington, XVII, vs. San Francisco, XIX Super Bowl VII was the only time that a team failed to score in the second half and won.
Denver vs. Washington, XXII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most points, game, 75

text: San Francisco (49) vs. San Diego (26), XXIX

text: Fewest points, game, 21

text: Miami (14) vs. Washington (7), VII

text: Most points, first half, 45

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (10), XXII

text: Most points, second half, 46

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (28) vs. Oakland Raiders (18), XXXVII

text: Fewest points, first half, 2

text: Pittsburgh Steelers (2) vs. Minnesota Vikings (0), IX

text: Fewest points, second half, 7

text:
Miami Dolphins (0) vs. Washington (7), VII
Washington (7) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, first quarter, 24

text: Green Bay (10) vs. New England (14), XXXI

text: Most points, second quarter, 35

text: Washington (35) vs. Denver (0), XXII

text: Most points, third quarter, 24

text:
Washington (14) vs. Buffalo (10), XXVI
Baltimore Ravens (7) vs. San Francisco (17), XLVII

text: Most points, fourth quarter, 37

text: New England (18) vs. Carolina (19), XXXVIII

text: Most points, overtime, 6

text: New England (6) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Most lead changes, game, 7

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV

text: Most lead changes in the fourth quarter, 3

text: New England vs. New York Giants, XLII

text: Both teams scoring over 30 points, 3[8]

text:
Pittsburgh (35) vs. Dallas (31), XIII
Baltimore Ravens (34) vs. San Francisco (31), XLVII
Philadelphia (41) vs. New England (33), LII

text: Touchdowns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most touchdowns, game, 8

text: San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV

text: Most touchdowns, losing team, game, 4

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XIII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Atlanta vs. New England, LI
New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest touchdowns, winning team, game, 1

text: New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 0

text: Miami vs. Dallas, VI

text: Longest touchdown scoring drive, 96 yards

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most touchdowns, game, 10

text: San Francisco (7) vs. San Diego (3), XXIX

text: Fewest touchdowns, game, 2

text: New York Jets (1) vs. Baltimore Colts (1), III

text: Points after touchdown[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 7

text:
San Francisco vs. Denver, (8 attempts) XXIV
Dallas vs. Buffalo, (7 attempts) XXVII
San Francisco vs. San Diego, (7 attempts) XXIX

text:
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Most missed PATs, game, 3

text:
Oakland (3 2pt tries) vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
Philadelphia (1 K, 2 2pt tries) vs. New England, LII [12]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most (one point) PATs, game, 9

text:
Pittsburgh (5) vs. Dallas (4), XIII
Dallas (7) vs. Buffalo (2) (XXVII)

text: Fewest (one point) PATs, game, 2

text:
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. New York Jets (1), III
Baltimore Colts (1) vs. Dallas (1), V
Minnesota (0) vs. Pittsburgh (2), IX
Denver (1) vs. Carolina (1), 50

text: Most two point conversions, game, 2

text:
San Diego (2) vs. San Francisco (0), XXIX
New England (2) vs. Atlanta (0), LI

text: Most total PATs, game, 10

text: San Diego (2 2 pt, 1 k) vs. San Francisco (7 k), XXIX

text: Most missed PATs, game, 4

text: New England (1 K) vs. Philadelphia (1 K, 2 2pt tries), LII [12]

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 5

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Dallas vs. Denver, XII

text: Most field goals, game, 4

text:
Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI

text: Most fake field goals attempted, game, 1

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco 49ers, XLVII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most field goals attempted, game, 7

text:
New York Jets (5) vs. Baltimore Colts (2), III
San Francisco (4) vs. Cincinnati (3), XXIII
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (3), XXXIV
Denver (4) vs. Atlanta (3), XXXIII

text: Fewest field goals attempted, game, 1

text:
Minnesota (0) vs. Miami (1), VIII
San Francisco (0) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Philadelphia (0) vs. New England (1), XXXIX
New England (0) vs. New York Giants (1), XLII
New England (0) vs. Seattle (1), XLIX

text: Most field goals, game, 5

text:
Cincinnati (3) vs. San Francisco (2), XXIII
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII
New England (2) vs. Philadelphia (3), LII

text: Most field goals without miss, game, 5

text:
Dallas (3) vs. Buffalo (2), XXVIII
Baltimore Ravens (2) vs. San Francisco (3), XLVII[8]

text: Fewest field goals, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Safeties[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most safeties, game, 1

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
San Francisco vs. Baltimore Ravens, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Offense[edit]

text: Net yards gained[edit]

text: Combined rushing and passing

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 613

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 119

text: Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

text: Fewest Total Yards, Winning Team, game, 194

text: Denver vs. Carolina, 50 [7]

text: Most offensive plays, game, 93

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI [13]

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most net yards, rushing and passing, game, 1,151

text: New England (613) vs. Philadelphia (538), LII – all-time NFL record for any game, whether regular-season or postseason

text: Fewest net yards, rushing and passing, game, 396

text: New York Giants (152) vs. Baltimore Ravens (244), XXXV

text: Rushing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 57

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Fewest rushing attempts, winning team, game, 13

text:
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh XLV

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 9

text: Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX

text: Most yards rushing, game, 280

text: Washington vs. Denver, XXII

text: Fewest rushing yards, winning team, game, 29

text: St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 7

text: New England vs. Chicago, XX

text: Highest average gain per rush attempt, game, 7.00 yards

text:
Los Angeles Raiders vs. Washington, (33–231), XVIII
Washington vs. Denver, (40–280), XXII

text: Lowest average gain per rush attempt, game, 0.64 yards

text: New England vs. Chicago, (11–7) XX

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0 (34 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Minnesota, Denver, Green Bay, New York Giants
3 times – Oakland, Dallas, Miami
4 times – New England

text:
• Kansas City vs. Green Bay, I
• Oakland vs. Green Bay, II
• Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts V

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
• Minnesota vs. Oakland, XI

• Dallas vs. Steelers, XIII
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV

• Miami vs. Washington, XVII
• Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
• New England vs. Chicago, XX

• Denver vs. Washington XXII
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
• San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XXIII

• Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
• Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

• Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, XL
• Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLII

• Arizona vs. Pittsburgh, XLIII
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
• Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
• Denver vs. Seattle, XLVIII

• New England vs. Seattle, XLIX

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most rushing attempts, game, 81

text: Washington (52) vs. Miami (29), XVII

text: Fewest rushing attempts, game, 36

text: Green Bay (13) vs. Pittsburgh (23), XLV

text: Most yards rushing, game, 377

text: Washington (280) vs. Denver (97), XXII

text: Fewest yards rushing, game, 91

text: Arizona (33) vs. Pittsburgh (58), XLIII

text: Most rushing touchdowns, game, 4

text:
Miami (3) vs. Minnesota (1), VIII
Chicago (4) vs. New England (0), XX
San Francisco (3) vs. Denver (1), XXIV
Denver (4) vs. Green Bay (0), XXXII

text: Fewest rushing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Oakland vs. Philadelphia, XV
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

text: Passing[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most passing attempts, game, 63

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest passing attempts, game, 7

text: Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 43

text: New England vs. Atlanta LI

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 4

text: Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 88.0%

text: New York Giants vs. Denver, (25–22), XXI

text: Lowest completion percentage, game (20 attempts), 32.0%

text: Denver vs. Dallas, (25–8), XII

text: Most yards passing, game, 500

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 35

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Highest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 14.7 yards

text: Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams (309–21), XIV

text: Lowest average yards gained per pass attempt, game, 1.4 yards

text: Denver vs. Dallas (35–25), XII

text: Most times intercepted, game, 5

text: Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Most times sacked, game, 7

text:
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
New England vs. Chicago, XX
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 0 (13 teams)

text:
2 times – Denver, Philadelphia
3 times – Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts

text:
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX

• Pittsburgh vs. Los Angeles Rams, XIV
• Philadelphia vs. Oakland, XV
• Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI

• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
• Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

• New England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII
• Indianapolis vs. New Orleans, XLIV
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

• Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 6

text: San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0 (21 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Miami, Washington, Buffalo
3 times – Minnesota
4 times – Denver

text:
• New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
• Baltimore Colts vs. New York Jets, III
• Minnesota vs. Kansas City IV

• Miami vs. Dallas VI
• Washington vs. Miami VII
• Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII

• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
• Denver vs. Dallas, XII

• Washington vs. Los Angeles Raiders, XVIII
• Chicago vs. New England, XX
• Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII

• Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII

• Dallas vs. Buffalo, XXVIII
• Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

• New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
• Carolina vs. Denver, 50
• Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Most players, 100-or-more receiving yards, game, 3

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII (Danny Amendola 152, Chris Hogan 128, Rob Gronkowski 116)

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most passes attempted, game, 93

text:
San Diego (55) vs. San Francisco (38), XXIX
New England (49) vs. Philadelphia (44), LII

text: Fewest passes attempted, game, 35

text: Miami (7) vs. Minnesota (28), VIII

text: Most passes completed, game, 63

text: New Orleans (32) vs. Indianapolis (31), XLIV

text: Fewest passes completed, game, 19

text: Miami (4) vs. Washington (15), XVII

text: Highest completion percentage, game, 75.0%

text: New Orleans (82.1%) vs. Indianapolis (68.9%), XLIV

text: Most yards passing, game, 874

text: New England (500) vs. Philadelphia (374), LII

text: Fewest yards passing, game, 156

text: Miami (69) vs. Washington (87), VII

text: Most times sacked, game, 12

text: Carolina (7) vs. Denver (5), 50

text: Fewest times sacked, game, 1

text:
Philadelphia (0) vs. Oakland (1), XV
Denver (0) vs. Green Bay (1), XXXII
New Orleans (1) vs. Indianapolis (0), XLIV
Seattle (0) vs. Denver (1), XLVIII
Philadelphia (0) vs. New England (1), LII

text: Most passing touchdowns, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh (4) vs. Dallas (3), XIII
San Francisco (6) vs. San Diego (1), XXIX
New England (3) vs. Philadelphia (4), LII

text: Fewest passing touchdowns, game, 0

text:
New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts, III
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: First downs[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most first downs, game, 37

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, game, 9

text:
Minnesota vs. Pittsburgh, IX
Miami vs. Washington, XVII

text: Most first downs rushing, game, 16

text: San Francisco vs. Miami, XIX

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 1

text:
New England vs. Chicago, XX
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 26

text: New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 1

text: Denver vs. Dallas, XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 4

text:
Baltimore Colts vs. Dallas, V
Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XVI
Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII
St. Louis vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
Pittsburgh vs. Arizona, XLIII
New England vs. Atlanta, LI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most first downs, game, 54

text:
New England (37) vs. Atlanta (17), LI
New England (29) vs. Philadelphia (25), LII

text: Fewest first downs, game, 24

text:
Dallas (10) vs. Baltimore Colts (14), V
New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (13), XXXV

text: Most first downs, rushing, game, 21

text: Washington (14) vs. Miami (7), XVII

text: Fewest first downs, rushing, game, 6

text: Arizona (2) vs. Pittsburgh (4), XLIII

text: Most first downs, passing, game, 42

text: New England (23) vs. Philadelphia (19), LII

text: Fewest first downs, passing, game, 9

text: Denver (1) vs. Dallas (8), XII

text: Most first downs, penalty, game, 6

text:
Cincinnati (4) vs. San Francisco (2), XVI
St. Louis (4) vs. Tennessee (2), XXXIV

text: Fewest first downs, penalty, game, 0

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Miami vs. Washington, VII
Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
Miami vs. San Francisco, XIX
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
Pittsburgh vs. Green Bay XLV

text: Lowest 3rd down conversion rate, game, 13.8%

text: Denver (1–14) vs. Carolina (3–15), 50[22]

text: Defense[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 5

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 172

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most touchdowns scored by interception return, game, 3

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland, XXXVII

text: Most sacks, game, 7

text:
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Chicago vs. New England, XX
Denver vs. Carolina, 50

text: Fewest yards allowed, 119

text: Pittsburgh vs. Minnesota, IX

text: Most yards allowed, 613

text: Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards allowed in a win, 613

text: Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most Interceptions by, game, 6

text:
Baltimore Colts (3) vs. Dallas (3), V
Tampa Bay (5) vs. Oakland (1), XXXVII

text: Fewest Interceptions by, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee XXXIV

text: Fewest yards allowed, 396

text: Baltimore Ravens (152) vs. New York Giants (244), XXXV

text: Most yards allowed, 1151

text: Philadelphia (613) vs. New England (538), LII

text: Most yards gained by interception return, game, 184

text: Tampa Bay (172) vs. Oakland Raiders (12), XXXVII

text: Most sacks by, game, 12

text: Denver (7) vs. Carolina (5), 50

text: Fewest sacks by, game, 1

text: Philadelphia (1) vs. New England (0), LII

text: Fumbles[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most fumbles, game, 8

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles lost, game, 5

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Most fumbles recovered, game, 8

text: Dallas vs. Denver, XII (4 own, 4 opponent)

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most fumbles, both teams, game, 12

text: Buffalo (8) vs. Dallas (4), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles, both teams, game, 0

text:
Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL
New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Most fumbles lost, both teams, game, 7

text: Buffalo (5) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest fumbles lost, both teams, game, 0 (15 times)

text:
2 times – Green Bay, Dallas, Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams, Denver, Seattle
3 times – New York Giants, New England
4 times – Pittsburgh

text:
• Green Bay vs. Kansas City, I
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, X
• Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh, XIV

• Denver vs. New York Giants, XXI
• Denver vs. Washington, XXII
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV

• San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII
• Pittsburgh vs. Seattle, XL

• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• New England vs. Seattle XLIX

text: Turnovers[edit]

text: Turnovers are defined as the number of times losing the ball on interceptions and fumbles.

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most turnovers, game, 9

text: Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0 (20 teams) [2]

text:
2 times – Oakland, San Francisco
3 times – Green Bay, New York Giants

text:
• Green Bay vs. Oakland, II
• Miami vs. Minnesota, VIII
• Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X

• Oakland vs. Minnesota, XI
• Oakland vs. Philadelphia XV
• New York Giants vs. Denver, XXI

• San Francisco vs. Denver, XXIV
• Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
• New York Giants vs. Buffalo, XXV

• San Francisco vs. San Diego, XXIX
• Dallas vs. Pittsburgh, XXX
• Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

• St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV
• Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV
• Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV

• New England vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXVI
• New Orleans vs. Indianapolis, XLIV
• Green Bay vs. Pittsburgh, XLV

• New York Giants vs. New England, XLVI
• Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most turnovers, game, 11

text:
Baltimore Colts (7) vs. Dallas (4), V
Buffalo (9) vs. Dallas (2), XXVII

text: Fewest turnovers, game, 0

text:
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
St. Louis Rams vs. Tennessee, XXXIV

text: Kickoff returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 9

text:
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Oakland vs. Tampa Bay, XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 244

text: San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text: Seattle vs. New England XLIX

text: Highest average gain, game (3 returns), 44.0 yards

text: Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII (3–132)

text: Most touchdowns, game, 1

text:
Miami vs. Washington, XVII
Cincinnati vs. San Francisco, XXIII
San Diego vs. San Francisco, XXIX
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Baltimore Ravens vs. New York Giants, XXXV
New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV
Chicago vs. Indianapolis, XLI
Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco, XLVII
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most kickoff returns, game, 13

text: Oakland (9) vs. Tampa Bay (4), XXXVII

text: Fewest kickoff returns, game, 3

text: New England (3) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most yards gained, game, 312

text: Baltimore Ravens (206) vs. San Francisco (106), XLVII[8]

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 49

text: New England (49) vs. Seattle (0), XLIX

text: Most touchdowns, game, 2

text: Baltimore Ravens (1) vs. New York Giants (1), XXXV

text: Punting[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punts, game, 11

text: New York Giants vs. Baltimore Ravens, XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 0

text: New England vs. Philadelphia, LII

text: Highest average, game (4 punts), 50.17 yards

text: Seattle vs. Pittsburgh, (6–301), XL

text: Lowest average, game (4 punts), 31.00 yards

text: Tampa Bay vs. Oakland (4–124), XXXVII

text: Most punts inside the 10 yard line, 3

text: N Y Giants vs. New England, XLVI

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punts, game, 21

text: New York Giants (11) vs. Baltimore Ravens (10), XXXV

text: Fewest punts, game, 1

text: Punt returns[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most punt returns, game, 6

text:
Washington vs. Miami, XVII
Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Minnesota vs. Miami, VIII
Buffalo vs. New York Giants, XXV
Washington vs. Buffalo, XXVI
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
Green Bay vs. Denver, XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Denver vs. Atlanta, XXXIII
New England vs. New York Giants, XLVI
Seattle vs. Denver, XLVIII
New England vs. Philadelphia, LII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards gained, game, 90

text: Green Bay vs. New England, XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, –1

text:
Dallas vs. Miami, VI
Tennessee vs. St. Louis Rams, XXXIV

text: Highest average return yardage, game (3 returns), 18.7 yards

text: San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, (3–56), XXIII

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most punt returns, game, 10

text: Green Bay (6) vs. New England (4), XXXI

text: Fewest punt returns, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Most yards gained, game, 120

text: Green Bay (90) vs. New England (30), XXXI

text: Fewest yards gained, game, 0

text:
Denver vs. Green Bay, XXXII
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII
Philadelphia vs. New England, LII

text: Penalties[edit]

text: Single team[edit]

text: Record holder team listed first.

text: Most penalties, game, 12

text:
Dallas vs. Denver, XII
Carolina vs. New England, XXXVIII
Carolina vs. Denver, 50

text: Fewest penalties, game, 0

text:
Miami vs. Dallas, VI
Pittsburgh vs. Dallas, X
Denver vs. San Francisco, XXIV
Atlanta vs. Denver, XXXIII

text: Most yards penalized, game, 133 yards

text: Dallas vs. Baltimore Colts, V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 0

text: Both teams[edit]

text: Most penalties, game, 20

text:
Dallas (12) vs. Denver (8), XII
Carolina (12) vs. New England (8), XXXVIII

text: Fewest penalties, game, 2

text: Pittsburgh (0) vs. Dallas (2), X

text: Most yards penalized, game, 164 yards

text: Dallas (133) vs. Baltimore Colts (31), V

text: Fewest yards penalized, game, 15 yards

text: Miami (0) vs. Dallas (15), VI

text: Time[edit]

text: Fastest score from start of game, (12 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks, safety (XLVIII)

text: Least Playing Time In The Lead by winning team, (0 minutes, 0 seconds)

text: New England Patriots vs. Atlanta Falcons (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead by losing team, (41 minutes, 18 seconds)

text: Atlanta Falcons vs. New England Patriots (LI)

text: Most Playing Time In The Lead, (59 minutes, 48 seconds)

text: Seattle Seahawks (XLVIII)

text: Longest time before first score, team, (57 minutes, 53 seconds)

text: Washington Redskins (VII)

text: Longest time before either team scores, (26 minutes, 55 seconds)

text: Carolina Panthers vs. New England Patriots (XXXVIII)

text: Time of Possession, (40 minutes, 33 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XXV)

text: Longest drive, (9 minutes, 59 seconds)

text: New York Giants (XLII)

text: Longest Super Bowl, elapsed time between kickoff and end of game, 4 hours, 14 minutes (includes 34 minute power outage in the 3rd quarter)

text: Baltimore Ravens vs. San Francisco (XLVII)[8]

text: Longest Super Bowl, amount of playing time, 63 minutes, 58 seconds (overtime game)

text: Longest drought without repeat World Champions

text: 13 years (the 2004 New England Patriots remain the last repeat World Champions)

text: Coaching[edit]

text: Most games as head coach, 8

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, and LII )

text: Most Super Bowl wins as head coach, 5

text: Bill Belichick: New England Patriots (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX and LI)

text: Most appearances as a coach, 11

text: Bill Belichick – assistant coach New York Giants XXI, XXV, New England XXXI, head coach New England XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII

text: Most Super Bowl losses, 4

text:
Bud Grant: Minnesota (IV, VIII, IX, and XI)
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts (III), Miami Dolphins (VI, XVII, and XIX)
Marv Levy: Buffalo Bills (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII)
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos (XXI, XXII and XXIV), Atlanta Falcons (XXXIII)

text: Won as a Player and a Coach

text:
Tom Flores: Kansas City (IV), Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders (XV, XVIII)
Mike Ditka: Dallas (VI), Chicago (XX)
Tony Dungy: Pittsburgh (XIII), Indianapolis (XLI)
Doug Pederson: Green Bay (XXXI), Philadelphia (LII)

text: Played and Coached for the same team in a Super Bowl

text: Gary Kubiak: Denver Broncos (player XXI, XXII, XXIV, coach 50)

text: Most teams as head coach, 2

text:
Don Shula: Baltimore Colts, Miami Dolphins
Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams
Dan Reeves: Denver Broncos, Atlanta Falcons
Bill Parcells: New York Giants, New England Patriots
Mike Holmgren: Green Bay Packers, Seattle Seahawks
John Fox: Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos

text: Youngest to win, 36 years, 341 days

text: Mike Tomlin: Pittsburgh Steelers (XLIII)

text: Oldest to win, 65 years, 158 days

text: Tom Coughlin: New York Giants (XLVI)

text: Most seasons between appearances, 19

text: Dick Vermeil: Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams (XV and XXXIV)

text: Most Super Bowl wins with a different starting quarterback, 3

text: Joe Gibbs: Washington Redskins XVII (Joe Theismann), XXII, (Doug Williams), XXVI (Mark Rypien)

text: Teams winning with 3 different head coaches

text:
Dallas Cowboys: Tom Landry (VI, XII), Jimmy Johnson (XXVII, XXVIII), Barry Switzer (XXX)
Pittsburgh Steelers: Chuck Noll (IX, X, XIII, XIV), Bill Cowher (XL), Mike Tomlin (XLIII)
Green Bay Packers: Vince Lombardi (I, II), Mike Holmgren (XXXI), Mike McCarthy (XLV)

text: Popularity[edit]

text: Most-Watched Television Broadcast, 114.5 million viewers

text: XLIX Seattle vs. New England- Highest rated broadcast of all time.[23][24]

text: Highest stadium audience attendance, 103,985

text: XIV Los Angeles Rams vs. Pittsburgh Steelers

text: Non-occurrences[edit]

text: In the history of the Super Bowl, the following firsts have yet to occur:

text:
An all-wild card matchup (teams who failed to win their divisions) – Ten wild card teams have won conference titles since the AFL–NFL merger, but never two in the same season. The closest the NFL has come to having an all-wild card Super Bowl occurred during the 2010–11 NFL playoffs when the New York Jets, a wild card team, reached the AFC Championship Game where they played the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Pittsburgh Steelers beat the New York Jets 24–19. In the subsequent Super Bowl, the Pittsburgh Steelers faced another wild card team, the Green Bay Packers, who beat them 31–25. Every Super Bowl has had a first or second seeded team.
A shutout – Every Super Bowl participant to date has scored. In five cases, the offenses have failed to score a touchdown. In four of those cases, the special teams scored the only touchdown:

text:
A punt return for a touchdown. There have been 3 blocked punts returned for touchdowns, however.
Home field advantage (playing in one's own home stadium) – No team has ever played in a Super Bowl hosted in its home stadium. On two occasions a team has played in a Super Bowl hosted in its metropolitan area but in a different stadium: The Los Angeles Rams played in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, which is about 30 miles from their then-home stadium, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the San Francisco 49ers played in Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, which is about 25 miles south of the former site of their then-home stadium, Candlestick Park, in San Francisco. The Minnesota Vikings are currently the only team to have come within one win of playing in a Super Bowl in their home stadium, as they lost in the NFC Championship Game in 2017 when their home field, US Bank Stadium, was scheduled to host Super Bowl LII. The Vikings, however, would have remained designated as the "road team" had they advanced to the Super Bowl, in keeping with the NFC team being scheduled to be so designated.
Two teams from the same metropolitan area: Two cities currently have two franchises: New York hosts both the Giants and the Jets. Beginning with the 2017 NFL season, Los Angeles hosts both the Chargers and the Rams. Also two pairs of teams share a common metropolitan area, although they are based in different cities: the Baltimore Ravens and the Washington Redskins; as well as the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders. All of the teams mentioned above except for the Chargers have won a Super Bowl, but never against their neighbor.

text:
An appearance by every team – Four teams have yet to reach their first Super Bowl: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans and Jacksonville Jaguars. The Lions and Browns both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era, most recently in 1957 and 1964, respectively. The Jaguars and Texans are post-merger expansion teams that began play in 1995 and 2002, respectively.
Every team winning – 12 teams have yet to win their first Super Bowl: the Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, Buffalo Bills, Carolina Panthers, Cincinnati Bengals, Los Angeles Chargers, Minnesota Vikings, and Tennessee Titans, along with the four that have not appeared in a Super Bowl. The Chargers, the Titans (known as the Houston Oilers in the 1960s), and the Bills all won American Football League (AFL) championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Cardinals both won NFL championships in the pre-Super Bowl era. The Vikings won the 1969 NFL Championship Game, the last NFL Championship Game before the AFL–NFL merger, but lost Super Bowl IV to the AFL champs, the Kansas City Chiefs. Since the merger, the Vikings have appeared in the Super Bowl three more times (Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl IX, and most recently in Super Bowl XI) but lost all three of them. Thus the Jaguars, Texans, Bengals, Falcons, and Panthers have yet to win their first league championship.
Every team losing – The Baltimore Ravens, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the four teams that have never reached a Super Bowl have yet to lose a Super Bowl.
No touchdowns scored – In every Super Bowl to date, there have been at least two touchdowns scored (Fewest combined – 2, in Super Bowl III).
A three-peat. Two teams (the New England Patriots and the Dallas Cowboys) won three Super Bowl titles in four years and the Pittsburgh Steelers won 4 Super Bowl titles in 6 years, which included back to back championships twice. The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls from 1971–1973, winning the final two, making them the team having come closest to a three-peat. The Green Bay Packers were the 1965 NFL Champions and won the first two Super Bowls following their victories in the 1966 and 1967 NFL Championship Games. The Buffalo Bills appeared in four consecutive Super Bowls, but lost every time.
Fair catch kick – A fair catch kick has never been attempted in the Super Bowl. The only scenario in which a fair catch kick was seriously considered was at the end of regulation in Super Bowl LI, when Patriots head coach Bill Belichick considered a 75-yard fair catch kick attempt. Belichick decided against it, however, since the kick would not have had a realistic chance of success and could have been returned by the Atlanta Falcons for a game-winning touchdown.[25]
A head coach leading two different teams to Super Bowl victories. Four Super Bowl-winning coaches also coached another team but lost: Don Shula, Bill Parcells, Mike Holmgren and Dick Vermeil.


document_title: Lactose

question_text: what are the products of the breakdown of lactose

root

text: Lactose

text: History[edit]

text: The first crude isolation of lactose, by Italian physician Fabrizio Bartoletti (1576–1630), was published in 1633.[6] In 1700, the Venetian pharmacist Lodovico Testi (1640–1707) published a booklet of testimonials to the power of milk sugar (saccharum lactis) to relieve, among other ailments, the symptoms of arthritis.[7] In 1715, Testi's procedure for making milk sugar was published by Antonio Vallisneri.[8] Lactose was identified as a sugar in 1780 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.[9][10]

tag: p

text: In 1812, Heinrich Vogel (1778–1867) recognized that glucose was a product of hydrolyzing lactose.[11] In 1856, Louis Pasteur crystallized the other component of lactose, galactose.[12] By 1894, Emil Fischer had established the configurations of the component sugars.[13]

text: Lactose was named by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas (1800–1884) in 1843.[14]

text: Structure and reactions[edit]

text: Lactose is a disaccharide derived from the condensation of galactose and glucose, which form a β-1→4 glycosidic linkage. Its systematic name is β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucose. The glucose can be in either the α-pyranose form or the β-pyranose form, whereas the galactose can only have the β-pyranose form: hence α-lactose and β-lactose refer to the anomeric form of the glucopyranose ring alone.

text: Lactose is hydrolysed to glucose and galactose, isomerised in alkaline solution to lactulose, and catalytically hydrogenated to the corresponding polyhydric alcohol, lactitol.[10]

text: Lactose monohydrate crystals have a characteristic tomahawk shape that can be observed with a light microscope.

text: Isolation[edit]

text: Several million tons are produced annually as a by-product of the dairy industry. Whey is made up of 6.5% solids of which 4.8% is lactose that may be purified by crystallisation.[15] Whey or milk plasma is the liquid remaining after milk is curdled and strained, for example in the production of cheese. Lactose makes up about 2–8% of milk by weight.[4] Industrially, lactose is produced from whey permeate – that is whey filtrated for all major proteins. The protein fraction is used in infant nutrition and sport nutrition while the permeate can be evaporated to 60–65% solids and crystallized while cooling .[16] Lactose can also be precipitated from whey using ethanol. Since it is insoluble in ethanol, lactose precipitates, in about 65% yield.[17]

text: Metabolism[edit]

text: Infant mammals nurse on their mothers to drink milk, which is rich in lactose. The intestinal villi secrete the enzyme called lactase (β-D-galactosidase) to digest it. This enzyme cleaves the lactose molecule into its two subunits, the simple sugars glucose and galactose, which can be absorbed. Since lactose occurs mostly in milk, in most mammals, the production of lactase gradually decreases with maturity due to a lack of continuing consumption.

text: Many people with ancestry in Europe, West Asia, South Asia, the Sahel belt in West Africa, East Africa and a few other parts of Central Africa maintain lactase production into adulthood. In many of these areas, milk from mammals such as cattle, goats, and sheep is used as a large source of food. Hence, it was in these regions that genes for lifelong lactase production first evolved. The genes of adult lactose tolerance have evolved independently in various ethnic groups.[18] By descent, more than 70% of western Europeans can drink milk as adults, compared with less than 30% of people from areas of Africa, eastern and south-eastern Asia and Oceania.[19] In people who are lactose intolerant, lactose is not broken down and provides food for gas-producing gut flora, which can lead to diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

text: Applications[edit]

text: Food industry applications have markedly increased since the 1960s. For example, its bland flavor has lent to its use as a carrier and stabiliser of aromas and pharmaceutical products. Lactose is not added directly to many foods, because its solubility is less than that of other sugars commonly used in food. Infant formula is a notable exception, where the addition of lactose is necessary to match the composition of human milk.

text: Lactose is not fermented by most yeast during brewing, which may be used to advantage.[10] For example, lactose may be used to sweeten stout beer; the resulting beer is usually called a milk stout or a cream stout.

text: Yeast belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces have a unique industrial application as they are capable of fermenting lactose for ethanol production. Surplus lactose from the whey by-product of dairy operations is a potential source of alternative energy.[20]

text: Another major use of lactose is in the pharmaceutical industry. Lactose is added to pills as a filler because of its physical properties, i.e., compressibility, and low price. For similar reasons it can be used to dilute heroin.


document_title: Council of Trent

question_text: how did the council of trent affect the music world

text: Council of Trent

text: Background information[edit]

text: Obstacles and events before the Council[edit]

text: On 15 March 1517, the Fifth Council of the Lateran closed its activities with a number of reform proposals (on the selection of bishops, taxation, censorship and preaching) but not on the major problems that confronted the Church in Germany and other parts of Europe. A few months later, on 31 October 1517, Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses in Wittenberg.

text: A general, free council in Germany[edit]

text: Luther's position on ecumenical councils shifted over time,[6] but in 1520 he appealed to the German princes to oppose the papal Church, if necessary with a council in Germany,[7] open and free of the Papacy. After the Pope condemned in Exsurge Domine fifty-two of Luther's theses as heresy, German opinion considered a council the best method to reconcile existing differences. German Catholics, diminished in number, hoped for a council to clarify matters.[8]

text: It took a generation for the council to materialise, partly because of papal reluctance, given that a Lutheran demand was the exclusion of the papacy from the Council, and partly because of ongoing political rivalries between France and Germany and the Turkish dangers in the Mediterranean.[8] Under Pope Clement VII (1523–34), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, "raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals". Saint Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel were used for horses.[9] This, together with the Pontiff's ambivalence between France and Germany, led to his hesitation.

text: Charles V strongly favoured a council, but needed the support of King Francis I of France, who attacked him militarily. Francis I generally opposed a general council due to partial support of the Protestant cause within France, and in 1533 he further complicated matters when suggesting a general council to include both Catholic and Protestant rulers of Europe that would devise a compromise between the two theological systems. This proposal met the opposition of the Pope for it gave recognition to Protestants and also elevated the secular Princes of Europe above the clergy on church matters. Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.[10]

text: Occasion, sessions, and attendance[edit]

text: In reply to the Papal bull Exsurge Domine of Pope Leo X (1520), Martin Luther burned the document and appealed for a general council. In 1522 German diets joined in the appeal, with Charles V seconding and pressing for a council as a means of reunifying the Church and settling the Reformation controversies. Pope Clement VII (1523–1534) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France, after Pope Pius II, in his bull Execrabilis (1460) and his reply to the University of Cologne (1463), set aside the theory of the supremacy of general councils laid down by the Council of Constance.

text: Pope Paul III (1534–1549), seeing that the Protestant Reformation was no longer confined to a few preachers, but had won over various princes, particularly in Germany, to its ideas, desired a council. Yet when he proposed the idea to his cardinals, it was almost unanimously opposed. Nonetheless, he sent nuncios throughout Europe to propose the idea. Paul III issued a decree for a general council to be held in Mantua, Italy, to begin on 23 May 1537.[11] Martin Luther wrote the Smalcald Articles in preparation for the general council. The Smalcald Articles were designed to sharply define where the Lutherans could and could not compromise. The council was ordered by the Emperor and Pope Paul III to convene in Mantua on 23 May 1537. It failed to convene after another war broke out between France and Charles V, resulting in a non-attendance of French prelates. Protestants refused to attend as well. Financial difficulties in Mantua led the Pope in the autumn of 1537 to move the council to Vicenza, where participation was poor. The Council was postponed indefinitely on 21 May 1539. Pope Paul III then initiated several internal Church reforms while Emperor Charles V convened with Protestants at an imperial diet in Regensburg, to reconcile differences. Unity failed between Catholic and Protestant representatives "because of different concepts of Church and justification".[12]

text: However, the council was delayed until 1545 and, as it happened, convened right before Luther's death. Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent (at that time ruled by a prince-bishop under the Holy Roman Empire), on 13 December 1545; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague[2] failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549. None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. Papal legates were appointed to represent the Papacy.[13]

text: Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550–1555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.[14] There was no hope of reassembling the council while the very anti-Protestant Paul IV was Pope.[2] The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562 at Santa Maria Maggiore, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563. It closed with a series of ritual acclamations honouring the reigning Pope, the Popes who had convoked the Council, the emperor and the kings who had supported it, the papal legates, the cardinals, the ambassadors present, and the bishops, followed by acclamations of acceptance of the faith of the Council and its decrees, and of anathema for all heretics.[15]

text: The history of the council is thus divided into three distinct periods: 1545–1549, 1551–1552 and 1562–1563. During the second period, the Protestants present asked for renewed discussion on points already defined and for bishops to be released from their oaths of allegiance to the Pope. When the last period began, all hope of conciliating the Protestants was gone and the Jesuits had become a strong force.[2]

text: The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably. The council was small to begin with, opening with only about 30 bishops.[16] It increased toward the close, but never reached the number of the First Council of Nicaea (which had 318 members) nor of the First Vatican Council (which numbered 744). The decrees were signed in 1563 by 255 members, the highest attendance of the whole council,[16] including four papal legates, two cardinals, three patriarchs, twenty-five archbishops, and 168 bishops, two-thirds of whom were Italians. The Italian and Spanish prelates were vastly preponderant in power and numbers. At the passage of the most important decrees, not more than sixty prelates were present.

text: The French monarchy boycotted the entire council until the last minute; a delegation led by Charles de Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine finally arrived in November 1562. The first outbreak of the French Wars of Religion had been earlier in the year, and the French had experience of a significant and powerful Protestant minority, iconoclasm and tensions leading to violence in a way Italians and Spaniards did not.[clarification needed] Among other influences, the last minute inclusion of a decree on sacred images was a French initiative, and the text, never discussed on the floor of the council or referred to council theologians, was based on a French draft.[17]

text: Objectives and overall results[edit]

text: The main objectives of the council were twofold, although there were other issues that were also discussed:

text:
To condemn the principles and doctrines of Protestantism and to clarify the doctrines of the Catholic Church on all disputed points. It is true that the emperor intended it to be a strictly general or truly ecumenical council, at which the Protestants should have a fair hearing. He secured, during the council's second period, 1551–1553, an invitation, twice given, to the Protestants to be present and the council issued a letter of safe conduct (thirteenth session) and offered them the right of discussion, but denied them a vote. Melanchthon and Johannes Brenz, with some other German Lutherans, actually started in 1552 on the journey to Trent. Brenz offered a confession and Melanchthon, who got no farther than Nuremberg, took with him the Confessio Saxonica. But the refusal to give the Protestants the vote and the consternation produced by the success of Maurice in his campaign against Charles V in 1552 effectually put an end to Protestant cooperation.
To effect a reformation in discipline or administration. This object had been one of the causes calling forth the reformatory councils and had been lightly touched upon by the Fifth Council of the Lateran under Pope Julius II. The obvious corruption in the administration of the Church was one of the numerous causes of the Reformation. Twenty-five public sessions were held, but nearly half of them were spent in solemn formalities. The chief work was done in committees or congregations. The entire management was in the hands of the papal legate. The liberal elements lost out in the debates and voting. The council abolished some of the most notorious abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of indulgences, the morals of convents, the education of the clergy, the non-residence of bishops (also bishops having plurality of benefices, which was fairly common), and the careless fulmination of censures, and forbade duelling. Although evangelical sentiments were uttered by some of the members in favour of the supreme authority of the Scriptures and justification by faith, no concession whatsoever was made to Protestantism.
The Church is the ultimate interpreter of Scripture.[18] Also, the Bible and Church Tradition (the tradition that made up part of the Catholic faith) were equally and independently authoritative.
The relationship of faith and works in salvation was defined, following controversy over Martin Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith alone".
Other Catholic practices that drew the ire of reformers within the Church, such as indulgences, pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed, though abuses of them were forbidden. Decrees concerning sacred music and religious art, though inexplicit, were subsequently amplified by theologians and writers to condemn many types of Renaissance and medieval styles and iconographies, impacting heavily on the development of these art forms.

tag: ol

text: The doctrinal decisions of the council are divided into decrees (decreta), which contain the positive statement of the conciliar dogmas, and into short canons (canones), which condemn the dissenting Protestant views with the concluding "anathema sit" ("let him be anathema").

text: Canons and decrees[edit]

text: The doctrinal acts are as follows: after reaffirming the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (third session), the decree was passed (fourth session) confirming that the deuterocanonical books were on a par with the other books of the canon (against Luther's placement of these books in the Apocrypha of his edition) and coordinating church tradition with the Scriptures as a rule of faith. The Vulgate translation was affirmed to be authoritative for the text of Scripture.

text: Justification (sixth session) was declared to be offered upon the basis of human cooperation with divine grace as opposed to the Protestant doctrine of passive reception of grace. Understanding the Protestant "faith alone" doctrine to be one of simple human confidence in divine mercy, the Council rejected the "vain confidence" of the Protestants, stating that no one can know who has received the grace of God. Furthermore, the Council affirmed—against Protestant doctrine—that the grace of God can be forfeited through mortal sin.

text: The greatest weight in the Council's decrees is given to the sacraments. The seven sacraments were reaffirmed and the Eucharist pronounced to be a true propitiatory sacrifice as well as a sacrament, in which the bread and wine were consecrated into the Eucharist (thirteenth and twenty-second sessions). The term transubstantiation was used by the Council, but the specific Aristotelian explanation given by Scholasticism was not cited as dogmatic. Instead, the decree states that Christ is "really, truly, substantially present" in the consecrated forms. The sacrifice of the Mass was to be offered for dead and living alike and in giving to the apostles the command "do this in remembrance of me," Christ conferred upon them a sacerdotal power. The practice of withholding the cup from the laity was confirmed (twenty-first session) as one which the Church Fathers had commanded for good and sufficient reasons; yet in certain cases the Pope was made the supreme arbiter as to whether the rule should be strictly maintained. On the language of the Mass, "contrary to what is often said", the council condemned the belief that only vernacular languages should be used, while insisting on the use of Latin.[19]

text: Ordination (twenty-third session) was defined to imprint an indelible character on the soul. The priesthood of the New Testament takes the place of the Levitical priesthood. To the performance of its functions, the consent of the people is not necessary.

text: In the decrees on marriage (twenty-fourth session) the excellence of the celibate state was reaffirmed, concubinage condemned and the validity of marriage made dependent upon the wedding taking place before a priest and two witnesses, although the lack of a requirement for parental consent ended a debate that had proceeded from the 12th century. In the case of a divorce, the right of the innocent party to marry again was denied so long as the other party was alive, even if the other party had committed adultery. However the council "refused … to assert the necessity or usefulness of clerical celibacy.[19]

text: In the twenty-fifth and last session,[20] the doctrines of purgatory, the invocation of saints and the veneration of relics were reaffirmed, as was also the efficacy of indulgences as dispensed by the Church according to the power given her, but with some cautionary recommendations, and a ban on the sale of indulgences. Short and rather inexplicit passages concerning religious images, were to have great impact on the development of Catholic Church art. Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea (787) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images.[21]

text: The council appointed, in 1562 (eighteenth session), a commission to prepare a list of forbidden books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum), but it later left the matter to the Pope. The preparation of a catechism and the revision of the Breviary and Missal were also left to the pope. The catechism embodied the council's far-reaching results, including reforms and definitions of the sacraments, the Scriptures, church dogma, and duties of the clergy.[4]

text: On adjourning, the Council asked the supreme pontiff to ratify all its decrees and definitions. This petition was complied with by Pope Pius IV, on 26 January 1564, in the papal bull, Benedictus Deus, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorised interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with "the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul." Pope Pius appointed a commission of cardinals to assist him in interpreting and enforcing the decrees.

text: The Index librorum prohibitorum was announced in 1564 and the following books were issued with the papal imprimatur: the Profession of the Tridentine Faith and the Tridentine Catechism (1566), the Breviary (1568), the Missal (1570) and the Vulgate (1590 and then 1592).

text: The decrees of the council were acknowledged in Italy, Portugal, Poland and by the Catholic princes of Germany at the Diet of Augsburg in 1566. Philip II of Spain accepted them for Spain, the Netherlands and Sicily inasmuch as they did not infringe the royal prerogative. In France they were officially recognised by the king only in their doctrinal parts. The disciplinary sections received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops. No attempt was made to introduce it into England. Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated 13 June 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.

text: These decrees were later supplemented by the First Vatican Council of 1870.

text: Publication of documents[edit]

text: The most comprehensive history is still Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552 (Vol III, 1970, 1998); The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion (Vol IV, 1976).

text: The canons and decrees of the council have been published very often and in many languages (for a large list consult British Museum Catalogue, under "Trent, Council of"). The first issue was by Paulus Manutius (Rome, 1564). The best Latin editions are by Judocus Le Plat (Antwerp, 1779) and by Johann Friedrich von Schulte and Aemilius Ludwig Richter (Leipzig, 1853). Other good editions are in vol. vii. of the Acta et decreta conciliorum recentiorum. Collectio Lacensis (7 vols., Freiburg, 1870–90), reissued as independent volume (1892); Concilium Tridentinum: Diariorum, actorum, epistularum, … collectio, ed. Sebastianus Merkle (4 vols., Freiburg, 1901 sqq.); not to overlook Mansi, Concilia, xxxv. 345 sqq. Note also Carl Mirbt, Quellen, 2d ed, pp. 202–255. The best English edition is by James Waterworth (London, 1848; With Essays on the External and Internal History of the Council).

text: The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop Angelo Massarelli, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the Vatican Library and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years and were brought to light, though only in part, by Augustin Theiner, priest of the oratory (d. 1874), in Acta genuina sancti et oecumenici Concilii Tridentini nunc primum integre edita (2 vols., Leipzig, 1874).

text: Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the 16th century and since. The most complete collection of them is that of J. Le Plat, Monumentorum ad historicam Concilii Tridentini collectio (7 vols., Leuven, 1781–87). New materials(Vienna, 1872); by JJI von Döllinger (Ungedruckte Berichte und Tagebücher zur Geschichte des Concilii von Trient) (2 parts, Nördlingen, 1876); and August von Druffel, Monumenta Tridentina (Munich, 1884–97).

text: List of decrees[edit]

text:
Doctrine
Session
Date
Canons
Decrees

The Holy Scriptures
4
8 April 1546
none
1

Original sin
5
7 June 1546
5
4

Justification
6
13 January 1547
33
16

Sacraments
7
3 March 1547
13
1

Baptism
7
3 March 1547
14
none

Confirmation
7
4 March 1547
3
none

Holy Eucharist
13
11 October 1551
11
8

Penance
14
15 November 1551
15
15

Extreme Unction
14
4 November 1551
4
3

Matrimony
24
11 November 1563
12
10

Cults
Saints
Relics
Images

25
4 December 1563
none
3

Indulgences
25
4 December 1563
none
1

tag: table


document_title: Wyatt Earp (film)

question_text: who played doc holliday in the wyatt earp movie

text: Wyatt Earp (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: A teenage Wyatt Earp lives on the family farm. His older brothers, Virgil and James, are away at war serving with the Union Army. Wyatt dreams of war, and packs some belongings, bids his younger brothers and sisters goodbye, and attempts to run away, intending to lie about his age and join the Union Army. He doesn't make it off the farm before his father catches him and forces him to return home. A short while later, both brothers return home at the war's end, with James gravely wounded. Shortly afterwards, the family moves west. It is during this move that Wyatt first sees a man killed, shot during a gunfight. He gets sick at the sight, and vomits.

text: Years pass, finding him working out west as a wagon driver. During his time there, he works also as a referee for fights, and finds himself at odds with a bully. Wyatt and the bully eventually come to the point of fighting, with the bully intending to shoot Wyatt. Wyatt disarms him and defeats him, taking his gun as a trophy.

text: Returning home to Missouri, Wyatt marries a childhood sweetheart, Urilla Sutherland. The two move into their own house, and he begins working as a policeman. Months later, while pregnant, his wife dies from typhoid fever. He stays by her side throughout the illness, becoming deeply depressed afterward. He burns their home and all they own, begins drinking, and drifting from town to town, eventually landing in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He robs a man and steals his horse, but is captured a short time later. With Wyatt facing certain hanging, his father bails him out of jail, telling him to leave and never return to Arkansas.

text: He begins working as a buffalo hunter, where he meets Bat Masterson and his brother Ed Masterson. The three become friends and work together hunting buffalo, with the two brothers working as Wyatt's skinners. Years pass, and he begins working as a Deputy Marshal in Wichita, Kansas, and builds a reputation as a good lawman. He is recruited to work as a deputy in Dodge City, with a lower salary, but for extra money for each arrest made, in the end making more than he would have in Wichita. In Dodge City he builds a hard reputation, and he kills his first man, a shooting witnessed by actress Josie Marcus. Wyatt becomes involved romantically with a prostitute, Mattie Blaylock, and the Mastersons begin working with him as deputies. Wyatt disagrees with Ed Masterson working as a lawman, believing him to be too passive. However, the Dodge City council decides that Ed is more acceptable than Wyatt due to the latter's excessive force, and fires him, appointing Ed to take his place. Wyatt then begins working for the railroad, capturing outlaws.

text: While pursuing outlaw Dave Rudabaugh, he is introduced to gunman and gambler Doc Holliday, in Fort Griffin, Texas, and the two become friends. Holliday assists Earp in locating Rudabaugh, whom he dislikes tremendously. Shortly afterward, Wyatt receives word that Ed Masterson has been killed, having shot and killed both his assailants before dying in the street. Wyatt returns to Dodge City to help bring law and order. After working there for a while, he and his family move to Tombstone, Arizona, under the protest of the Earp wives, and Mattie. Wyatt immediately finds himself at odds with the "Cowboy" gang. He meets and becomes romantically involved with Josie Marcus, which puts him at odds with her boyfriend, Sheriff Behan. This relationship also causes stress in his relationship with Mattie, and becomes the subject of rumor about town.

text: Wyatt and his brothers Morgan and Virgil arrest several Cowboys, and Virgil takes over as marshal following the murder of town marshal Fred White. The brothers find themselves at odds with the Cowboys often, and tension builds. Wyatt breaks up several altercations involving the Cowboys, particularly Ike Clanton (Jeff Fahey), and Doc Holliday swears his loyalty to Wyatt, whom he considers his only real friend. Eventually the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral occurs, with the brothers becoming very unpopular in town. Virgil is ambushed and wounded, and Morgan is killed. The film then shows only a glimpse of the Vendetta Ride with Wyatt and his friends taking out revenge on the remaining "Cowboys", and then skips to many years later with him and Josie mining for gold in Alaska. While en route by boat, a young man on the same boat recognizes Wyatt, and recounts a story in which Wyatt had saved the boy's uncle, "Tommy Behind-The-Deuce". Wyatt says to Josie, "Some people say it didn't happen that way", to which she responds "Never mind them, Wyatt. It happened that way."

text: An epilogue states that Doc Holliday died six years later in a hospital in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Members of the Clanton gang continued to die mysteriously for years after Morgan's murder. Josie's and Wyatt's marriage lasted forty-seven years until Wyatt died at age 80 in Los Angeles.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kevin Costner as Wyatt Earp

Ian Bohen as teenage Wyatt

Dennis Quaid as Doc Holliday
Gene Hackman as Nicholas Porter Earp
David Andrews as James Earp
Linden Ashby as Morgan Earp
Jim Caviezel as Warren Earp
John Doe as Tommy 'Behind-The-Deuce' O'Rourke
Jeff Fahey as Ike Clanton
Joanna Going as Josie Marcus
Mark Harmon as Johnny Behan
Michael Madsen as Virgil Earp
Catherine O'Hara as Allie Earp
Bill Pullman as Ed Masterson
Isabella Rossellini as Big Nose Kate

Tom Sizemore as Bat Masterson
JoBeth Williams as Bessie Earp
Mare Winningham as Mattie Blaylock
James Gammon as Mr. Sutherland
Karen Grassle as Mrs. Sutherland
Rex Linn as Frank McLaury
Gabriel Folse as Billy Clanton
Mackenzie Astin as Francis O'Rourke
Randle Mell as John Clum
Adam Baldwin as Tom McLaury
Annabeth Gish as Urilla Sutherland
Lewis Smith as Curly Bill Brocius
Betty Buckley as Virginia Earp
Alison Elliott as Lou Earp
Téa Leoni as Sally

text: Production[edit]

text: Costner was originally involved with the film Tombstone, another film about Wyatt Earp, written by Kevin Jarre of Glory fame. However, Costner disagreed with Jarre over the focus of the film (he believed that the emphasis should have been on Wyatt Earp rather than the many characters in Jarre's script) and left the project, eventually teaming up with Kasdan to produce his own Wyatt Earp project. The film was also originally meant to be a six-hour miniseries until Kevin Costner joined the cast. Costner proceeded to use his then-considerable clout to convince most of the major studios to refuse to distribute the competing film, which affected casting on the rival project.[5]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Wyatt Earp

Soundtrack album by James Newton Howard

Released
1994

Label
Warner Bros. Records

text: The score was composed by James Newton Howard, conducted by Marty Paich with The Hollywood Recording Musicians Orchestra and released by Warner Bros. Records in 1994. It was later re-released in 2013 by La-La Land.[6]

text:
"Main Title"
"Home from the War"
"Going to Town"
"The Wagon Chase"
"Mattie Wants Children"
"Railroad"
"Nicholas Springs Wyatt"
"Is That Your Hat?"
"The Wedding"
"Stillwell Makes Bail"
"It All Ends Now"
"Urilla Dies"
"Tell Me About Missouri"
"The Night Before"
"O.K. Corral"
"Down by the River"
"Kill 'Em All"
"Dodge City"
"Leaving Dodge"
"Indian Charlie"
"We Stayed Too Long"
"Winter to Spring"
"It Happened That Way"

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Wyatt Earp, released six months after Tombstone, was the less successful of the two films, taking in $25 million on a $63 million budget,[3] compared to Tombstone's $56 million domestic gross on a $25 million budget.[7] The film did debut at No. 4 at the box office, however.[8]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Wyatt Earp received mixed reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a "rotten" score of 42%, based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average rating of 5.3/10.[9] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, saying "Wyatt Earp plays as if they took Tombstone and pumped it full of hot air. It involves many of the same characters and much of the same story, but little of the tension and drama. It's a rambling, unfocused biography of Wyatt Earp (Kevin Costner), starting when he's a kid and following his development from an awkward would-be lawyer into a slick gunslinger. This is a long journey, in a three-hour film that needs better pacing."[10]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the cast and production values, but remarked, "If you’re going to ask an audience to sit through a three-hour, nine-minute rendition of an oft-told story, it would help to have a strong point of view on your material and an urgent reason to relate it. Such is not the case with Wyatt Earp."[11] Similarly, Caryn James of The New York Times complimented the film's ambition and effort to portray a more human Wyatt, but still felt that 'the film's literal-minded approach to the hero's dark soul is one of its terrible problems. Wyatt Earp labors to turn this mythic figure into a complex man; instead it makes him a cardboard cutout and his story a creepingly slow one."[12]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Wyatt Earp was nominated for five Razzie Awards including Worst Picture, Worst Director and Worst Screen Couple (Costner and "any of his three wives"), winning two for Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Actor (Costner). However, it was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 1995 and writers Dan Gordon and Lawrence Kasdan received the Spur Award from the Western Writers of America for Best Drama Script.