document_title: Köppen climate classification

question_text: ice sheets and tundra are typical of which koppen climate category

question_tokens: ice sheets and tundra are typical of which koppen climate category

root

text: Köppen climate classification

text: Meaning of symbols[edit]

text:
Köppen climate classification scheme symbols description table[1]

1st

2nd

3rd

A (Tropical)

f (Rainforest)

m (Monsoon)

w (Savanna, Wet)

s (Savanna, Dry)

B (Arid)

W (Desert)

S (Steppe)

h (Hot)

k (Cold)

n (With frequent fog)[10]

C (Temperate)

s (Dry summer)

w (Dry winter)

f (Without dry season)

a (Hot summer)

b (Warm summer)

c (Cold summer)

D (Cold (continental))

s (Dry summer)

w (Dry winter)

f (Without dry season)

a (Hot summer)

b (Warm summer)

c (Cold summer)

d (Very cold winter)

E (Polar)

T (Tundra)

F (Eternal winter (ice cap))

tag: table

text: The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: A (tropical), B (dry), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar).[11] The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat.[12]

tag: p

text: Group A: Tropical (megathermal) climates

text: This type of climate has every month of the year with an average temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F) or higher, with significant precipitation.

text:
Af = Tropical rainforest climate; average precipitation of at least 60 mm (2.4 in) in every month.
Am = Tropical monsoon climate; driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator) with precipitation less than 60 mm (2.4 in), but more than 4% the total annual precipitation.
Aw or As = Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate; with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm (2.4 in) and less than 4% of the total annual precipitation.

tag: ul

text: Group B: Dry (arid and semiarid) climates

text: This type of climate is defined by little precipitation.

text: Multiply the average annual temperature in Celsius by 20, then add

text: If the annual precipitation is less than 50% of this threshold, the classification is BW (arid: desert climate); if it is in the range of 50%–100% of the threshold, the classification is BS (semi-arid: steppe climate).

text: A third letter can be included to indicate temperature. Originally, h signified low-latitude climate (average annual temperature above 18 °C (64.4 °F)) while k signified middle-latitude climate (average annual temperature below 18 °C), but the more common practice today, especially in the United States, is to use h to mean the coldest month has an average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), with k denoting that at least one month's averages below 0 °C (or −3 °C (27 °F)). The n is used to denote a climate characterized by frequent fog.[10][13][14]

text:
BWh = Hot desert climate
BWk = Cold desert climate
BWn = Desert climate with frequent fog[10][13][14]
BSh = Hot semi-arid climate
BSk = Cold semi-arid climate
BSn = Semi-arid climate with frequent fog[10][13][14]

text: Group C: Temperate (mesothermal) climates

text: This type of climate has the coldest month averaging between 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)) and 18 °C (64.4 °F) and at least one month averaging above 10 °C (50 °F).

text:
Cfa = Humid subtropical climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F)  (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled). No dry months in the summer.
Cfb = Temperate oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Cfc = Subpolar oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F)  (or −3 °C (27 °F)) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Cwa = Monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F)  (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Cwb = Subtropical highland climate or Monsoon-influenced temperate oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (an alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation received in the warmest six months).
Cwc = Cold subtropical highland climate or Monsoon-influenced subpolar oceanic climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F)  (or −3 °C (27 °F)) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Csa = Hot-summer Mediterranean climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F)  (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).
Csb = Warm-summer Mediterranean climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).
Csc = Cool-summer Mediterranean climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).

text: Group D: Continental (microthermal) climates

text: This type of climate has at least one month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F))  and at least one month averaging above 10 °C (50 °F).

text:
Dfa = Hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below −0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Dfb = Warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below −0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Dfc = Subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F))  and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Dfd = Extremely cold subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below −38 °C (−36.4 °F) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled).
Dwa = Monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Dwb = Monsoon-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), all months with average temperatures below 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Dwc = Monsoon-influenced subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F))  and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Dwd = Monsoon-influenced extremely cold subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below −38 °C (−36.4 °F) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months).
Dsa = Mediterranean-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), average temperature of the warmest month above 22 °C (71.6 °F) and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).
Dsb = Mediterranean-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), average temperature of the warmest month below 22 °C (71.6 °F) and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).
Dsc = subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F))  and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).
Dsd = extremely cold, subarctic climate; coldest month averaging below −38 °C (−36.4 °F) and 1–3 months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least three times as much precipitation in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer, and driest month of summer receives less than 30 mm (1.2 in).

text: Group E: Polar and alpine (montane) climates

text: This type of climate has every month of the year with an average temperature below 10 °C (50 °F).

text:
ET = Tundra climate; average temperature of warmest month between 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)) and 10 °C (50 °F).
EF = Ice cap climate; eternal winter, with all 12 months of the year with average temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)).

text: Scheme[edit]

text: Group A: Tropical/megathermal climates[edit]

text: Tropical climates are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations); all 12 months of the year have average temperatures of 18 °C (64.4 °F)  or higher. They are subdivided as follows:

text: Tropical rainforest climate[edit]

text: All 12 months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm (2.4 in). These climates usually occur within 10° latitude of the equator.  This climate is dominated by the doldrums low-pressure system all year round, so has no natural seasons in terms of thermal and moisture changes.[9]

text: Examples

text:
Apia, Samoa (Af)
Balikpapan, Indonesia (Af)
Davao, Philippines (Af)
Georgetown, Guyana (Af)
Hilo, Hawaii, United States (Af)
Honiara, Solomon Islands (Af)
Innisfail, Queensland, Australia (Af)
Kampala, Uganda (Af)
Kisumu, Kenya (Af)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Af)
Kuching, Malaysia (Af)
Lae, Papua New Guinea (Af)
Medan, Indonesia (Af)

Medellín, Colombia (Af)
Moroni, Comoros (Af)
Paramaribo, Suriname (Af)
Pontianak, Indonesia (Af)
Quibdó, Colombia (Af)
Ratnapura, Sri Lanka (Af)
Salvador da Bahia, Brazil (Af)
Santos, Brazil (Af)
Singapore (Af)
Suva, Fiji (Af)
Toamasina, Madagascar (Af)
Victoria, Seychelles (Af)
West Palm Beach, Florida, United States (Af)

text: Some of the places with this climate are indeed uniformly and monotonously wet throughout the year (e.g., the northwest Pacific coast of South and Central America, from Ecuador to Costa Rica; see, for instance, Andagoya, Colombia), but in many cases, the period of higher sun and longer days is distinctly wettest (as at Palembang, Indonesia) or the time of lower sun and shorter days may have more rain (as at Sitiawan, Malaysia).

text: (Note. The term aseasonal refers to the lack in the tropical zone of large differences in daylight hours and mean monthly (or daily) temperature throughout the year. Annual cyclic changes occur in the tropics, but not as predictably as those in the temperate zone, albeit unrelated to temperature, but to water availability whether as rain, mist, soil, or ground water. Plant response (e. g., phenology), animal (feeding, migration, reproduction, etc.), and human activities (plant sowing, harvesting, hunting, fishing, etc.) are tuned to this 'seasonality'. Indeed, in tropical South America and Central America, the 'rainy season' (and the 'high water season') is called invierno or inverno, though it could occur in the Northern Hemisphere summer; likewise, the 'dry season' (and 'low water season') is called verano or verão, and can occur in the Northern Hemisphere winter).

text: Tropical monsoon climate[edit]

text: This type of climate results from the monsoon winds which change direction according to the seasons. This climate has a driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator) with rainfall less than 60 mm, but more than 1⁄25 the total annual precipitation.[9]:208

text: Examples

text:
Cairns, Queensland, Australia (Am)[15]
Chittagong, Bangladesh (Am)
Coatzacoalcos, Mexico (Am)
Conakry, Guinea (Am)
Douala, Cameroon (Am)
Freetown, Sierre Leone (Am)
Guanare, Venezuela (Am)
Huế, Thừa Thiên–Huế, Vietnam (Am)
Jakarta, Indonesia (Am)
Kochi, India (Am)
Libreville, Gabon (Am)

Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (Am)
Malé, Maldives (Am)
Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (Am)
Miami, Florida, United States (Am)
Monrovia, Liberia (Am)
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria (Am)
Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela (Am)
Qionghai City, China (Am)
San Juan, Puerto Rico (Am)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Am)
Taitung, Taiwan (Am)
Yangon, Myanmar (Am)

text: Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate[edit]

text: Aw climates have a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm and less than 1⁄25 of the total annual precipitation.[9]:208–11

text: Examples

text:
Abidjan, Ivory Coast (Aw, bordering on Am)
Abuja, Nigeria (Aw)
Accra, Ghana (Aw)
Bamako, Mali (Aw)
Bangkok, Thailand (Aw)
Banjul, The Gambia (Aw)
Barquisimeto, Venezuela (Aw)
Brasília, Brazil (Aw)
Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (Aw)
Bujumbura, Burundi (Aw)
Cali, Colombia (Aw)
Cancun, Mexico (Aw)
Caracas, Venezuela (Aw)
Cartagena, Colombia (Aw)
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (Aw)
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Aw)
Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (Aw)
Dhaka, Bangladesh (Aw)
Dili, East Timor (Aw)
Guatemala City, Guatemala (Aw)
Guayaquil, Ecuador (Aw)
Havana, Cuba (Aw, bordering on Am)
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Aw)
Kano, Nigeria (Aw)

Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Aw)
Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia (Aw)
Key West, Florida, United States (Aw)
Kigali, Rwanda (Aw)
Kingston, Jamaica (Aw)
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Aw)
Kolkata, West Bengal, India (Aw)
Kumasi, Ghana (Aw)
Kupang, Indonesia (Aw)
Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria (Aw)
Managua, Nicaragua (Aw)
Maputo, Mozambique (Aw)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Aw)
Naples, Florida, United States (Aw)
Panamá City, Panamá (Aw)
Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Aw)
Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Aw)
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (Aw)
Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (Aw)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Aw, bordering on Am)
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (Aw)
Sanya, Hainan, China (Aw)
Surabaya, Indonesia (Aw)
Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico (Aw)
Vientiane, Laos (Aw)
Yaoundé, Cameroon (Aw)

text: Most places that have this climate are found at the outer margins of the tropical zone from the low teens to the mid-20s latitudes, but occasionally an inner-tropical location (e.g., San Marcos, Antioquia, Colombia) also qualifies. Actually, the Caribbean coast, eastward from the Gulf of Urabá on the Colombia–Panamá border to the Orinoco River delta, on the Atlantic Ocean (about 4,000 km), have long dry periods (the extreme is the BSh climate (see below), characterised by very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in the Guajira, and Coro, western Venezuela, the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive <300 mm total annual precipitation, practically all in two or three months).

text: This condition extends to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles forming the circum-Caribbean dry belt. The length and severity of the dry season diminishes inland (southward); at the latitude of the Amazon River—which flows eastward, just south of the equatorial line—the climate is Af. East from the Andes, between the dry, arid Caribbean and the ever-wet Amazon are the Orinoco River's llanos or savannas, from where this climate takes its name.

text: Sometimes As is used in place of Aw if the dry season occurs during the time of higher sun and longer days. This is the case in parts of Hawaii, northwestern Dominican Republic, East Africa, and the Brazilian Northeastern Coast. In most places that have tropical wet and dry climates, however, the dry season occurs during the time of lower sun and shorter days because of rain shadow effects during the 'high-sun' part of the year.

text: Examples

text:
Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (As)
Recife, Brazil (As)
Natal, Brazil (As)
Trincomalee, Sri Lanka (As)
Mombasa, Kenya (As)

text: Group B: Dry (desert and semi-arid) climates[edit]

text: These climates are characterized by actual precipitation less than a threshold value set equal to the potential evapotranspiration.[9]:212 The threshold value (in millimeters) is determined as:

text: Multiply the average annual temperature in °C by 20, then add (a) 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the high-sun half of the year (April through September in the Northern Hemisphere, or October through March in the Southern), or (b) 140 if 30%–70% of the total precipitation is received during the applicable period, or (c) 0 if less than 30% of the total precipitation is so received.

text: According to the modified Köppen classification system used by modern climatologists, total precipitation in the warmest six months of the year is taken as reference instead of the total precipitation in the high-sun half of the year.[16]

text: A third letter can be included to indicate temperature. Originally, h signified low-latitude climate (average annual temperature above 18 °C) while k signified middle-latitude climate (average annual temperature below 18 °C), but the more common practice today, especially in the United States, is to use h to mean the coldest month has an average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), with k denoting that at least one month averages below 0 °C.

text: Desert areas situated along the west coasts of continents at tropical or near-tropical locations are characterized by cooler temperatures than encountered elsewhere at comparable latitudes (due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents) and frequent fog and low clouds, despite the fact that these places rank among the driest on earth in terms of actual precipitation received. This climate is sometimes labelled BWn.[10][13][14] The BSn category can be found in foggy coastal steppes.[10][13][14]

text: Desert climate examples

text:
Coober Pedy, Australia (BWh)
Alice Springs, Australia (BWh)
Almería, Andalusia, Spain (BWh, bordering on BSh)
Baghdad, Iraq (BWh)
Upington, Northern Cape South Africa (BWh)
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (BWh)
Phoenix, Arizona, United States (BWh)
Death Valley, California, United States (BWh), location of the hottest air temperature ever recorded on Earth.
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States (BWh)
Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain (BWh)
Eilat, Southern District, Israel (BWh)
‘Aziziya, Jafara, Libya (BWh)
Karachi, Pakistan (BWh)
Doha, Qatar (BWh)
Mecca, Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia (BWh)
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (BWh)

Kuwait City, Capital Governorate, Kuwait (BWh)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates (BWh)
Muscat, Oman (BWh)
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (BWh)
Cairo, Egypt (BWh)
Alexandria, Egypt (BWh)
Khartoum, Sudan (BWh)
Djibouti City, Djibouti (BWh)
Nouakchott, Mauritania (BWh)
Timbuktu, Mali (BWh)
Turpan, Xinjiang, China (BWk)
Leh, India (BWk)
Nukus, Uzbekistan (BWk)
Aktau, Kazakhstan (BWk)
Damascus, Syria (BWk)
Lima, Peru (BWn)
Walvis Bay, Erongo Region, Namibia (BWn)

text: Semi-arid examples

text:
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan (BSh)
Jodhpur, India (BSh)
Oranjestad, Aruba (BSh)
Alicante, Spain (BSh)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain (BSh)
Ivanhoe, New South Wales, Australia (BSh)
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States (BSh)
Odessa, Texas, United States (BSh)
Monterrey, Mexico, (BSh)
Querétaro City, Querétaro, Mexico (BSh)
Maracaibo, Venezuela (BSh)
Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil (BSh)
Piraeus, Greece (BSh)
Nicosia, Cyprus (BSh)
Amman, Amman Governorate, Jordan (BSh)
Tripoli, Libya (BSh)
Mogadishu, Somalia (BSh)
Dakar, Senegal (BSh)
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (BSh)
Niamey, Niger (BSh)
N'Djamena, Chad (BSh)
Luanda, Angola (BSh)
Windhoek, Namibia (BSh)

Yerevan, Armenia (BSk bordering Dfa)
Baku, Azerbaijan (BSk)
Denver, Colorado, United States (BSk)
Zaragoza, Spain (BSk)
Konya, Turkey (BSk)
Zacatecas City, Zacatecas, Mexico (BSk)
Ulan-Ude, Russia (BSk)
Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada (BSk)
Brooks, Alberta, Canada (BSk)
Kabul, Afghanistan (BSk)
Aleppo, Syria (BSk)
Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (BSk)
Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China (BSk bordering on Dwb)
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (BSk bordering on Dwb)
Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina (BSk)
La Quiaca, Jujuy, Argentina (BSk)
L'Agulhas, Western Cape, South Africa (BSn)
Sana'a, Yemen (BSk)

text: On occasion, a fourth letter is added to indicate if either the winter or summer half of the year is "wetter" than the other half. To qualify, the wettest month must have at least 60 mm (2.4 in) of average precipitation if all 12 months are above 18 °C (64 °F), or 30 mm (1.2 in) if not; plus at least 70% of the total precipitation must be in the same half of the year as the wettest month — but the letter used indicates when the 'dry' season occurs, not the 'wet' one. This would result in Khartoum, Sudan, being reckoned as BWhw; Niamey, Niger, as BShw; Alexandria, Egypt, as BWhs; Asbi'ah, Libya, as BShs; Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia, as BWkw; and Xining, Qinghai, China, as BSkw (BWks and BSks do not exist if 0 °C in the coldest month is recognized as the h/k boundary.[citation needed]) If the standards for neither w nor s are met, no fourth letter is added.

text: Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates[edit]

text: In the Koppen climate system, temperate climates are defined as having an average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (26.6 °F), as noted previously) in their coldest month but below 18 °C (64.4 °F). The average temperature of −3 °C (26.6 °F) roughly coincides with the equatorward limit of frozen ground and snowcover lasting for a month or more.

text: The second letter indicates the precipitation pattern—w indicates dry winters (driest winter month average precipitation less than one-tenth wettest summer month average precipitation. s indicates at least three times as much rain in the wettest month of winter as in the driest month of summer. f means significant precipitation in all seasons (neither above-mentioned set of conditions fulfilled).[1]

text: The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat—a indicates warmest month average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F) while  b indicates warmest month averaging below 22 °C.

text: Mediterranean climates[edit]

text: These climates usually occur on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 30° and 45°.[17] These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. Summers are hot and dry, due to the domination of the subtropical high pressure systems, except in the immediate coastal areas, where summers are milder due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents that may bring fog but prevent rain.[9]:221–3

text: Examples

text:
Beirut, Lebanon (Csa)
Latakia, Syria (Csa)
Halabja, Iraq (Csa)
Jerusalem, Israel (Csa)
Tel Aviv, Israel (Csa)
Ramallah, Palestine (Csa)
Tangier, Morocco (Csa)
Casablanca, Morocco (Csa)
Algiers, Algeria (Csa)
Valletta, Malta (Csa)
Rome, Italy (Csa)
Naples, Italy (Csa)
Seville, Spain (Csa)
Málaga, Spain (Csa)
Palma de Mallorca, Spain (Csa)
Lisbon, Portugal (Csa)
Faro, Portugal (Csa)

Monaco (Csa)
Marseille, France (Csa)
Nice, France (Csa)
Athens, Greece (Csa bordering on BSh)
Tunis, Tunisia (Csa)
Antalya, Turkey (Csa)
Izmir, Turkey (Csa)
Tashkent, Uzbekistan (Csa)
Dushanbe, Tajikistan (Csa)
Rasht, Gilan Province, Iran (Csa)
Los Angeles, California, United States (Csa/Csb bordering on BSh/BSk)
Sacramento, California, United States (Csa)
Medford, Oregon, United States (Csa)
Perth, Australia (Csa)
Adelaide, Australia (Csa)

text: Dry-summer climates sometimes extend to additional areas (sometimes well north,  or south of) typical Mediterranean climates, however the warmest month mean does not reach 22 °C (71.6 °F) they are classified as (Csb).[1] Some of these areas would border the Oceanic climate (Cfb), except their dry-summer patterns meet Köppen's Cs minimum thresholds.

text: Examples

text:
Santiago, Chile (Csb bordering BSk)
A Coruña, Spain (Csb)
Essaouira, Morocco (Csb)
Porto, Portugal (Csb)
Potenza, Italy (Csb)
San Francisco, California, United States (Csb)
Santa Barbara, California, United States (Csb)
Seattle, Washington, United States (Csb)
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (Csb)
Cape Town, South Africa (Csb)
Albany, Western Australia, Australia (Csb)

text: Cold-summer Mediterranean climates (Csc) exist in high-elevation areas adjacent to coastal Csb climate areas, where the strong maritime influence prevents the average winter monthly temperature from dropping below 0 °C. This climate is rare and is predominantly found in climate fringes and isolated areas of the Cascades and Andes Mountains, as the dry-summer climate extends further poleward in the Americas than elsewhere.[9] Rare instances of this climate can be found in some coastal locations in the North Atlantic and at high altitudes in Hawaii.

text: Examples

text:
Balmaceda, Chile (Csc)
Haleakalā Summit, Hawaii, United States (Csc)

text: Humid subtropical climates[edit]

text: These climates usually occur on the eastern coasts and eastern sides of continents, usually in the high 20s and 30s latitudes. Unlike the dry summer Mediterranean climates, humid subtropical climates have a warm and wet flow from the tropics that creates warm and moist conditions in the summer months. As such, summer (not winter as is the case in Mediterranean climates) is often the wettest season.

text: The flow out of the subtropical highs and the summer monsoon creates a southerly flow from the tropics that brings warm and moist air to the lower east sides of continents. This flow is often what brings the frequent but short-lived summer thundershowers so typical of the more southerly subtropical  climates like the far southern United States, southern China and Japan.[9]:223–6

text: Examples

text:
Buenos Aires, Argentina (Cfa)
Montevideo, Uruguay (Cfa)
Asunción, Paraguay (Cfa, bordering on Aw)
Campinas, Brazil (Cfa)
Porto Alegre, Brazil (Cfa)
São Paulo, Brazil (Cfa)
Brisbane, Australia (Cfa)
Sydney, Australia (Cfa)
Albury, Australia (Cfa)
Washington DC, United States (Cfa)
Orlando, Florida, United States (Cfa)
Dallas, Texas, United States (Cfa)
Astara, Azerbaijan (Cfa)
Horta, Azores, Portugal (Cfa)
Flores Island, Azores, Portugal (Cfa, bordering on Cfb)
Adapazarı, Turkey (Cfa)

Belgrade, Serbia (Cfa)
Lugano, Switzerland  (Cfa, bordering on Cfb)
Sochi, Russia (Cfa)
Kutaisi, Georgia (Cfa)
Koper, Slovenia (Cfa)
Kozani, Greece (Cfa)
Milan, Italy (Cfa)
Venice, Italy (Cfa)
Srinagar, India (Cfa)
Shanghai, China (Cfa)
Taipei, Taiwan (Cfa)
Tokyo, Japan (Cfa)
Osaka, Japan (Cfa)
Durban, South Africa (Cfa)

text: Subtropical-Dry Winter (Cwa) is monsoonal influenced, having the classic dry winter/wet summer pattern associated with tropical monsoonal climates.

text: Examples

text:
Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cwa)
Lusaka, Zambia (Cwa)
Córdoba, Argentina (Cwa)
Santiago del Estero, Argentina (Cwa)
Mackay, Queensland, Australia (Cwa)
Islamabad, Pakistan (Cwa)
Sialkot, Pakistan (Cwa)
New Delhi, India (Cwa)
Patna, India (Cwa)

Imphal, India (Cwa)
Kathmandu, Nepal (Cwa)
Haikou, China (Cwa)
Zhengzhou, China (Cwa)
Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Cwa)
Hong Kong (Cwa)
Taunggyi, Myanmar (Cwa)
Hanoi, Vietnam (Cwa)
Guadalajara, Mexico (Cwa)

text: Oceanic climate[edit]

text: Cfb climates usually occur in the higher middle latitudes on the western sides of continents between the latitudes of 40° and 60°; they are typically situated immediately poleward of the Mediterranean climates, although in Australia and extreme southern Africa this climate is found immediately poleward of temperate climates, and at a somewhat lower latitude. In western Europe, this climate occurs in coastal areas up to 63°N in Norway.

text: These climates are dominated all year round by the polar front, leading to changeable, often overcast weather. Summers are mild due to cool ocean currents, although hotter, stable weather patterns can set in for periods of time, typically longer at the lower latitude range in the northern hemisphere. Winters are milder than other climates in similar latitudes, but usually very cloudy however not always wet. Cfb climates are also encountered at high elevations in certain subtropical and tropical areas, where the climate would be that of a subtropical/tropical rain forest if not for the altitude. These climates are called "highlands".[9]:226–9

text: Examples

text:
Paris, France (Cfb)
Bordeaux, France (Cfb)
Dunkirk, France (Cfb)
Skagen, Denmark (Cfb, bordering on Dfb)
Copenhagen, Denmark (Cfb, bordering on Dfb)
Bergen, Hordaland, Norway (Cfb)
Berlin, Germany (Cfb)
Cologne, Germany (Cfb)
Munich, Bavaria, Germany (Cfb, bordering on Dfb)
Vienna, Austria (Cfb)
Zürich, Switzerland  (Cfb, bordering on Dfb)
Vaduz, Liechtenstein (Cfb)
London, United Kingdom (Cfb)
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (Cfb)
Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom (Cfb)
Dublin, Ireland (Cfb)
Brussels, Belgium (Cfb)
Amsterdam, Netherlands (Cfb)
Luxembourg City, Luxembourg (Cfb)
Bilbao, Spain (Cfb)

Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Cfb)
Andorra la Vella, Andorra (Cfb)
Corvo Island, Azores, Portugal (Cfb, bordering on Cfa)
Zagreb, Croatia (Cfb, bordering on Dfb)
Ljubljana, Slovenia (Cfb, bordering on Cfa, Cfb and Dfb)
Zonguldak, Turkey (Cfb)
Auckland, North Island, New Zealand (Cfb)
Wellington, New Zealand (Cfb)
Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada (Cfb)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Cfb, bordering on Csb)
Forks, Washington, United States (Cfb)
Ketchikan, Alaska, United States (Cfb)
Block Island, Rhode Island, United States (Cfb)
George, Western Cape, South Africa (Cfb)
Port Elizabeth, South Africa (Cfb)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Cfb)
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia (Cfb)
Collinsvale, Tasmania, Australia (Cfb bordering on Cfc)
Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (Cfb)
Valdivia, Los Ríos Region, Chile (Cfb)

text: Subpolar oceanic climates (Cfc) occur poleward of or at higher elevations than the maritime temperate climates, and are mostly confined either to narrow coastal strips on the western poleward margins of the continents, or, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, to islands off such coasts. They occur in both hemispheres, most often at latitudes from 60° north and south to 70° north and south.[9]

text: Examples

text:
Reykjavík, Iceland (Cfc, borders on Dfc)
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Cfc)
Røst, Norway (Cfc)
Mount Read, Tasmania, Australia (Cfc, borders on ET)
Auckland Islands, New Zealand (Cfc)
Punta Arenas, Chile (Cfc)
Unalaska, Alaska, United States (Cfc)

text: Highland climates[edit]

text: Dry-winter highland climate (Cwb) is a type of climate mainly found in highlands inside the tropics of Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Madagascar, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa or central Argentina and areas outside of the tropics (such as in the subtropics). Winters are noticeable and dry, and summers can be very rainy. In the tropics, the rainy season is provoked by the tropical air masses and the dry winters by subtropical high pressure.

text: Examples

text:
Da Lat, Vietnam (Cwb)
Shimla, India (Cwb)
Thimphu, Bhutan (Cwb)
Mokhotlong, Lesotho (Cwb)
Mbabane, Swaziland (Cwb)
Nairobi, Kenya (Cwb)
Baguio, Philippines (Cwb)
Kunming, China (Cwb)
Mexico City, Mexico (Cwb)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Cwb)
Harare, Zimbabwe (Cwb)
Antananarivo, Madagascar (Cwb)
Johannesburg, South Africa (Cwb)
Cusco, Peru (Cwb)
La Paz, Bolivia (Cwb bordering on Cwc)
Salta, Argentina (Cwb)

text: Highland climates with uniform rainfall (Cfb) are a type of oceanic climate mainly found in highlands of Australia, such as in or around the Great Dividing Range in the states of New South Wales and Victoria, and also sparsely in other continents, such as in South America, among others. Unlike a typical Cwb climate, they tend to have rainfall spread evenly throughout the year. They have characteristics of both the Cfb and Cfa climates. Though unlike these climates, they have a high diurnal temperature variation and low humidity, owing to their inland location and relatively high elevation.

text: Examples

text:
Quito, Pichincha Province, Ecuador (Cfb)
Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia (Cfb)
Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil (Cfb)
São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Cfb)
Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brazil (Cfb)
Boone, North Carolina, United States (Cfb)
Constanza, Dominican Republic (Cfb)
Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia (Cfb)
Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia (Cfb)
Orange, New South Wales, Australia (Cfb)
Cameron Highlands, Malaysia (Cfb)
Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka (Cfb)
Mendi, Papua New Guinea (Cfb)
Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea (Cfb)

text: Group D: Continental/microthermal climates[edit]

text: These climates have an average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F) in their warmest months, and a coldest month average below 0 °C (or −3 °C (27 °F), as noted previously). These usually occur in the interiors of continents and on their upper east coasts, normally north of 40°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, group D climates are extremely rare due to the smaller land masses in the middle latitudes and the almost complete absence of land at 40–60°S, existing only in some highland locations.

text: Hot summer continental climates[edit]

text: Dfa climates usually occur in the high 30s and low 40s latitudes, with a qualifying average temperature in the warmest month of greater than 22 °C/72 °F. In Europe, these climates tend to be much drier than in North America. In eastern Asia, Dwa climates extend further south due to the influence of the Siberian high pressure system, which also causes winters there to be dry, and summers can be very wet because of monsoon circulation. Dsa exists at higher elevations adjacent to areas with hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) climates.[9]:231–2

text: Examples

text:
Almaty, Kazakhstan (Dfa)
Oral, Kazakhstan (Dfa)
Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan (Dfa)
Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan (Dfa)
Sapporo, Japan (Dfa, bordering on Dfb)
Chicago, Illinois, United States (Dfa)
Boston, Massachusetts, United States (Dfa)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States (Dfa)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dfa, bordering on Dfb)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Dfa, bordering on Dfb)
Windsor, Ontario, Canada (Dfa)
Bucharest, Romania (Dfa)
Rostov-on-Don, Russia (Dfa)
Volgograd, Russia (Dfa)
Pyongyang, North Korea (Dwa)
Seoul, South Korea (Dwa)
Beijing, China (Dwa)
Harbin, China (Dwa)
Tianjin, China (Dwa)

text: Dsa exists only at higher elevations adjacent to areas with hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) climates.

text: Examples

text:
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Dsa)
Saqqez, Kurdistan Province, Iran (Dsa)
Arak, Markazi Province, Iran (Dsa)
Hakkâri, Turkey (Dsa)
Muş, Turkey (Dsa)
Cambridge, Idaho, United States (Dsa)

text: Warm summer continental or hemiboreal climates[edit]

text: Dfb and Dwb climates are immediately poleward of hot summer continental climates, generally in the high 40s and low 50s latitudes in North America and Asia, and also extending to higher latitudes in central and eastern Europe and Russia, between the maritime temperate and continental subarctic climates, where it extends up to 65 degrees latitude in places.[9]

text: Examples

text:
Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan (Dfb)
Karaganda, Kazakhstan (Dfb)
Stockholm, Sweden (Dfb)
Oslo, Norway (Dfb)
Lillehammer, Norway (Dfb)
Helsinki, Finland (Dfb)
Tallinn, Estonia (Dfb)
Riga, Latvia (Dfb)
Vilnius, Lithuania (Dfb)
Kiev, Ukraine (Dfb)
Budapest, Hungary (Dfb)
Moscow, Russia (Dfb)
Kaliningrad, Russia (Dfb)
Saint Petersburg, Russia (Dfb)
Minsk, Belarus (Dfb)
Warsaw, Poland (Dfb)

Pristina, Kosovo (Dfb)
Erzurum, Turkey (Dfb)
Ardahan, Turkey (Dfb)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Dfb)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (Dfb)
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Dfb)
Buffalo, New York, United States (Dfb)
Portland, Maine, United States (Dfb)
Marquette, Michigan, United States (Dfb)
Heihe, China (Dwb)
Vladivostok, Russia (Dwb)
Irkutsk, Russia (Dwb)
Baruunturuun, Mongolia (Dwb)
Pyeongchang County, South Korea (Dwb)
Mount Rushmore, South Dakota, United States (Dwb)

text: Dsb arises from the same scenario as Dsa, but at even higher altitudes or latitudes, and chiefly in North America, since the Mediterranean climates extend further poleward than in Eurasia.

text: Examples

text:
Sivas, Turkey (Dsb)
Roghun, Tajikistan (Dsb)
Dras, India (Dsb)
Flagstaff, Arizona, United States (Dsb)
South Lake Tahoe, California, United States (Dsb)
Wallace, Idaho, United States (Dsb)

text: Subarctic or boreal climates[edit]

text: Dfc, Dsc and Dwc climates occur poleward of the other group D climates, generally in the 50 and low 60 degrees of North latitude. In some places, it extends northward to beyond 70°N latitude.[9]:232–5

text: Examples:

text:
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada (Dfc)
Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada (Dfc)
Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (Dfc)
Anchorage, Alaska, United States (Dfc)
Fairbanks, Alaska, United States (Dfc)
Fraser, Colorado, United States (Dfc)
Mount Buller, Victoria, Australia (Dfc)
Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, Australia (Dfc)
Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast, Russia (Dfc)
Arkhangelsk, Russia (Dfc)

Aldan, Russia (Dfc)
Tromsø, Norway (Dfc)
St. Moritz, Grisons, Switzerland (Dfc)
Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (Dfc)
Homer, Alaska, United States (Dsc)
Bodie, California, United States (Dsc)
Brian Head, Utah, United States (Dsc)
Mohe County, Heilongjiang, China (Dwc)
Yushu City, Qinghai, China (Dwc)
Mörön, Mongolia (Dwc)
Lukla, Nepal (Dwc)

text: Places with this climate (Dfd, Dwd, Dsd) have severe winters, with the temperature in their coldest month lower than −38 °C. These climates occur only in eastern Siberia. The names of some of the places with this climate have become veritable synonyms for extreme, severe winter cold.

text: Examples

text:
Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia (Dfd)
Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic, Russia (Dfd)
Amga, Sakha Republic, Russia (Dfd)
Oymyakon, Sakha Republic, Russia (Dwd)
Seymchan, Magadan Oblast, Russia (Dwd)

text: Group E: Polar climates[edit]

text: In the Köppen climate system, polar climates are defined as the warmest temperature of any month is below 10 °C (50 °F). Polar climates are further divided into two types, tundra climates and icecap climates:

text: Tundra climate (ET and ETf): Warmest month has an average temperature between 0 and 10 °C. These climates occur on the northern edges of the North American and Eurasian land masses (generally north of 70 °N although it may be found farther south depending on local conditions), and on nearby islands. ET climates are also found on some islands near the Antarctic Convergence, and at high elevations outside the polar regions, above the tree line.

text: Examples

text:
Mount Rainier, Washington, United States (ET)
Macquarie Island, Australia (ET)
Crozet Islands (ET)
Campbell Island, New Zealand (ET)
Kerguelen Islands (ET)
Prince Edwards Islands (ET)
Stanley, Falkland Islands (ET), borders subpolar oceanic (Cfc)
Ushuaia, Argentina (ET), (borders on Cfc)
Mount Wellington, Tasmania, Australia (ET)
Nagqu, Tibet, China (ET)
Letseng diamond mine, Lesotho (ET, bordering on Cfc and Dfc)
La Rinconada, Peru (ET)
Cairn Gorm, United Kingdom (ET)

text: These climates are a colder and more continental variants of tundra. They would have characteristics of the ice cap climate, but still manage to see monthly average temperatures above 0 °C (32 °F):

text: Examples

text:
Nanortalik, Greenland (ETf)
Mount Fuji, Japan (ETf)
Murghab, Tajikistan (ETf)
Mount Washington, New Hampshire, United States (ETf)
Zugspitze, Bavaria, Germany (ETf)
Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (ETf)
Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada (ETf)
Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada (ETf)
Nuuk, Greenland (ETf, bordering on Dfc)
Svalbard, Norway (ETf)
Mys Shmidta, Russia (ETf)
Dikson Island, Russia (ETf)
Nord, Greenland (ETf)
Esperanza Base, Antarctica (ETf)

text: Ice cap climate (EF): This climate is dominant in Antarctica and inner Greenland, but also occurs at extremely high altitudes on mountains, above even tundra. Monthly average temperatures never exceed 0 °C (32 °F) ((or −3 °C (27 °F)).

text: Examples

text:
Mount Ararat, Turkey (EF)
Grossglockner, Carinthia, Austria (EF)
Mount Everest, China/Nepal (EF)
Summit Camp, Greenland (EF)
Scott Base, Antarctica (EF)
Vostok Station, Antarctica (EF), location of the lowest air temperature ever recorded on Earth.
McMurdo Station, Antarctica (EF)
Byrd Station, Antarctica (EF)

text: Occasionally, a third, lower-case letter is added to ET climates (distinguishing between ETf, ETs, and ETw), if either the summer or winter is clearly drier than the other half of the year. When the option to include this letter is exercised, the same standards that are used for Groups C and D apply, with the additional requirement that the wettest month must have an average of at least 30 mm precipitation (Group E climates can be as dry or even drier than Group B climates based on actual precipitation received, but their rate of evaporation is much lower). Seasonal precipitation letters are almost never attached to EF climates, mainly due to the difficulty in distinguishing between falling and blowing snow, as snow is the sole source of moisture in these climates.[citation needed]

text: Ecological significance[edit]

text: The Köppen climate classification is based on the empirical relationship between climate and vegetation. This classification provides an efficient way to describe climatic conditions defined by temperature and precipitation and their seasonality with a single metric. Because climatic conditions identified by the Köppen classification are ecologically relevant, it has been widely used to map geographic distribution of long term climate and associated ecosystem conditions.[18]

text: Over the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using the classification to identify changes in climate and potential changes in vegetation over time.[12] The most important ecological significance of the Köppen climate classification is that it helps to predict the dominant vegetation type based on the climatic data and vice versa.[19]

text: In 2015, a Nanjing University paper published in Nature analyzing climate classifications found that between 1950 and 2010, approximately 5.7% of all land area worldwide had moved from wetter and colder classifications to drier and hotter classifications. The authors also found that the change "cannot be explained as natural variations but are driven by anthropogenic factors."[20]

text: Trewartha climate classification scheme[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Trewartha climate classification is a climate classification system published by American geographer Glenn Thomas Trewartha in 1966, and updated in 1980. It is a modified version of the 1899 Köppen system, created to answer some of the deficiencies of the Köppen system. The Trewartha system attempts to redefine the middle latitudes to be closer to vegetation zoning and genetic climate systems. It was considered a more true or "real world" reflection of the global climate.

text: For example, under the standard Köppen system, in the United States, western Washington and Oregon are classed into the same climate zone as southern California, even though the two regions have strikingly different weather and vegetation. Under the old Köppen system cool oceanic climates like that of London or Seattle were classed in the same zone as hot subtropical cities like Savannah, Georgia or Brisbane, Australia. In the United States, locations like Colorado and Iowa which have long, severe winter climates where plants are completely dormant, were classed into the same climate zone as Louisiana or northern Florida which have mild winters and a green winter landscape.

text: Other Köppen climate maps[edit]

text: All maps use the ≥0 °C definition for temperate climates and the 18 °C annual mean temperature threshold to distinguish between hot and cold dry climates.[1]

text:
North America

Europe

Russia

Central Asia

East Asia

South America

Africa

Middle East

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Australia/Oceania


document_title: Finding Dory

question_text: how long was dory lost from her parents

question_tokens: how long was dory lost from her parents

text: Finding Dory

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dory, a regal blue tang, gets separated from her parents as a child. As she grows up, Dory attempts to search for them, but gradually forgets them due to her short-term memory loss. In the flashback of the previous film, Finding Nemo, she joins Marlin – a clownfish looking for his missing son Nemo – after accidentally swimming into him.

text: One year later, Dory is living with Marlin and Nemo on their reef. One day, Dory has a flashback and remembers that she has parents. She decides to look for them, but her memory problem is an obstacle. She eventually remembers that they lived at the Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California, thanks to Nemo mentioning its name.

text: Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, their sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, they explore a shipwreck full of destroyed cargo, where Dory accidentally awakens a giant squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings.

text: Dory is placed in the quarantine section and tagged. There she meets a grouchy, but well-meaning octopus named Hank. Dory's tag shows that she will be sent to an aquarium in Cleveland. Due to a traumatic ocean life, Hank wants to live in the aquarium instead of being released back into the ocean, so he agrees to help Dory find her parents in exchange for her tag. In one exhibit, Dory encounters her childhood friend Destiny, a nearsighted whale shark, who used to communicate with Dory through pipes, and Bailey, a beluga whale, who mistakenly believes he has lost his ability to echolocate. Dory subsequently has flashbacks of life with her parents, and struggles to recall details. She finally remembers how she was separated from her parents: she overheard her mother crying one night, left to retrieve a shell to cheer her up, and was pulled away by an undertow current.

text: Marlin and Nemo attempt to rescue Dory. With the help of two California sea lions named Fluke and Rudder and a disfigured common loon named Becky, they manage to get into the institute and find her in the pipe system. Other blue tangs tell them that Dory's parents escaped from the institute a long time ago to search for her and never came back, leaving Dory believing that they have died. Hank retrieves Dory from the tank, accidentally leaving Marlin and Nemo behind. He is then apprehended by one of the employees and unintentionally drops Dory into the drain, flushing her out to the ocean. While wandering aimlessly, she comes across a trail of shells; remembering that when she was young, her parents had set out a similar trail to help her find her way back home, she follows it. At the end of the trail, Dory finds an empty brain coral with multiple shell trails leading to it. As she turns to leave, she sees her parents Jenny and Charlie in the distance. They tell her they spent years laying down the trails for her to follow in the hopes that she would eventually find them.

text: Marlin, Nemo, and Hank end up in the truck taking various aquatic creatures to Cleveland. Destiny and Bailey escape from their exhibit to help Dory rescue them. Once on board the truck, Dory persuades Hank to return to the sea with her, and together, they hijack the truck and drive it over busy highways, creating havoc, before crashing it into the sea, freeing all the fish. Dory, along with her parents and new friends, return to the reef with Marlin and Nemo.

text: In a post-credits scene, the tank gang from the first film, still trapped inside their (now algae-covered) plastic bags, reach California one year after floating across the Pacific Ocean. They are eventually picked up by staff members from the Marine Life Institute.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang, who suffers from short-term memory loss.
Sloane Murray as young Dory. Murray is the seven-year-old daughter of producer Lindsey Collins.[12]
Lucia Geddes as teen Dory.
Albert Brooks as Marlin, an overprotective ocellaris clownfish, Nemo's father and Dory's friend.
Hayden Rolence as Nemo, a young optimistic clownfish and Marlin's son. He was previously voiced by Alexander Gould in the first film.
Ed O'Neill as Hank, a cranky East Pacific red octopus, who is called a "septopus" due to having lost a tentacle.[13]
Kaitlin Olson as Destiny, a near-sighted whale shark and Dory's childhood friend.
Ty Burrell as Bailey, a beluga whale, who temporarily lost echolocation due to a concussion.
Diane Keaton as Jenny, Dory's mother.
Eugene Levy as Charlie, Dory's father.
Idris Elba as Fluke, a California sea lion and Rudder's friend.
Dominic West as Rudder, a California sea lion and Fluke's friend.
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher.
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle.
Sigourney Weaver as herself, the announcer for the recorded messages broadcast over the institute's public address system.
Bill Hader as Stan, a kelp bass and husband fish.
Kate McKinnon as Stan's wife fish.
Alexander Gould as Passenger Carl, a delivery truck driver who works for the institute. Gould previously voiced Nemo in the first film.
Torbin Xan Bullock as Gerald, a California sea lion, who wishes to lie on the rock occupied by Fluke and Rudder only to be constantly repelled by them, and Becky, a loon who helps Marlin and Nemo.
Katherine Ringgold as Chickenfish, named Kathy.
Bennett Dammann as Squirt, Crush's son.
John Ratzenberger as Husband Crab (Bill).
Angus MacLane as Sunfish "Charlie Back-and-Forth."
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a Moorish idol, the leader of the "Tank Gang."
Brad Garrett as Bloat, a pufferfish.
Allison Janney as Peach, a pink starfish.
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, a royal gramma.
Stephen Root as Bubbles, a yellow tang.
Vicki Lewis as Deb (& Flo), a four-striped damselfish.
Jerome Ranft as Jacques, a cleaner shrimp.

text: Production[edit]

text: Prior to work on Finding Dory, Disney had planned to make a Finding Nemo sequel without Pixar's involvement, through Circle 7 Animation, a studio Disney announced in 2005 with the intention to make sequels to Pixar properties.[14][15] However, due to the 2006 acquisition of Pixar by Disney, Circle 7 was shut down by Disney without ever having produced a film.[16] Although it never went into production, a script for the Circle 7 version was uploaded to the official Raindance Film Festival website. It would involved Nemo's long lost twin brother named Remy, and Marlin getting captured so Nemo, Remy, and Dory have to save him.[17]

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo,[18] with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a release date scheduled for 2016.[19] However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling."[20] According to a report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[21] In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton, saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."[22] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[23]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel, Finding Dory, for November 25, 2015, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively.[24] Following a long campaign for a sequel on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, DeGeneres stated:

text: I have waited for this day for a long, long, long, long, long, long time. I'm not mad it took this long. I know the people at Pixar were busy creating Toy Story 16. But the time they took was worth it. The script is fantastic. And it has everything I loved about the first one: It's got a lot of heart, it's really funny, and the best part is—it's got a lot more Dory.[24]

text: In a July 2013 interview with Los Angeles Times, Stanton spoke of the sequel's origin: "There was polite inquiry from Disney [about a Finding Nemo sequel]. I was always 'No sequels, no sequels.' But I had to get on board from a VP standpoint. [Sequels] are part of the necessity of our staying afloat, but we don't want to have to go there for those reasons. We want to go there creatively, so we said [to Disney], 'Can you give us the timeline about when we release them? Because we'd like to release something we actually want to make, and we might not come up with it the year you want it.'"[25]

text: In a 2016 interview Stanton stated how the film's story came to be; "I don't watch my films that often after they're done because I have to watch them so many times before they come out. So about 2010 when we were getting Finding Nemo ready for the 10-year re-release in 3D, it was interesting to watch again after all that time. Something kind of got lodged in the back of my brain and started to sort of stew. I started to think about how easily Dory could get lost and not find Marlin and Nemo again. She basically was in the same state that she was when Marlin found her. I didn't know where she was from. I knew that she had spent most of her youth wandering the ocean alone, and I wanted to know that she could find her new family, if she ever got lost again. It's almost like the parental side of me was worried." Stanton additionally stated: "I knew if I ever said Finding Dory or mentioned a sequel to Finding Nemo out loud, I'd be done, [T]here would be no way I'd be able to put that horse back in the barn. So I kept it very quiet until I knew I had a story that I thought would hold, and that was in early 2012. So I pitched it to John Lasseter and he was all into it. Then I got a writer, and once we had a treatment that we kind of liked, I felt comfortable calling Ellen."[26]

text: Stanton selected Victoria Strouse to write the screenplay. She later said, "It was always collaborative with Andrew, but really the screenwriting was me. Of course, Andrew would do passes, and he and I would brainstorm a lot together and then we would bring it to the group of story artists. People would weigh in and share ideas."[27] She pointed to Dory's forgetfulness as a challenge when writing the script, adding, "You don't realize until you sit down to write a character who can't remember things how integral memory is to absolutely everything we do, and that's what creates a narrative that people can follow. When a main character can't self-reflect and can't tell a story, that character is very difficult to design because she can't really lead. To get her to be able to lead and to get an audience to be able to trust her was the hardest thing to do."[27]

text: The fictional Marine Life Institute depicted extensively in the film is based on the production team's research trips to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Marine Mammal Center and the Vancouver Aquarium.[28]

text: The film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish, a 2013 documentary film which focuses on the dangers of keeping orca whales in captivity. Initially, some of the characters were to end up in a SeaWorld-like marine park, but the revision gave them an option to leave.[29][30] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a June 17, 2016, release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015, release window to allow more time for production of the film.[31]

text: Angus MacLane was one of the first people to whom Stanton revealed his idea for the sequel. Together, with Bob Peterson, they discussed about different ideas for places Dory would visit during her journey — one of those ideas was the touch pool sequence. Later, during the Brave (2012) wrap party, Stanton invited Angus to join him in his first co-directing duty. Stanton described Angus' role as a "jack of all trades", particularly utilizing his experience in animation and story, as well as in production, having created a few short films himself.[32]

text: In August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Hayden Rolence would voice Nemo, replacing Alexander Gould from the first film, whose voice has deepened since reaching adulthood (Gould voiced a minor character in the sequel instead).[33][34] At the D23 expo they also announced that Ed O'Neill would be the voice of Hank.[33]

text: To make the light more realistic, RenderMan was completely re-engineered, its biggest change in 25 years.[35]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Finding DorySoundtrack album by Thomas NewmanReleased
June 14, 2016Studio
DeepSleep StudiosNewman Scoring StageSony Pictures StudiosThe VillageGenre
SoundtrackLength
68:20Label
Walt DisneyProducer

Thomas Newman
Bill Bernstein
Thomas Newman chronology

Spectre(2015)

Finding Dory(2016)

Passengers(2016)

Pixar film soundtrack chronology

The Good Dinosaur(2015)

Finding Dory(2016)

Cars 3(2017)

Singles from Finding Dory

"Unforgettable"Released: May 27, 2016

text: The film's soundtrack entitled Finding Dory was composed by Thomas Newman and released on June 17, 2016.[36][37] Louis Armstrong's version of "What a Wonderful World" is played during the scene in which fish are released into the ocean as the truck Dory and Hank are driving crashes into the water.[38] On May 20, 2016, Sia performed a cover of Nat King Cole's "Unforgettable" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show following an announcement that it would be featured in the film.[38]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: No.TitlePerformerLength1."Kelpcake" 0:462."Finding Dory (Main Title)" 0:553."Lost at Sea" 1:364."One Year Later" 2:245."Migration Song" 0:356.""O, We're Going Home"" 1:387."Jewel of Morro Bay" 2:008."Gnarly Chop" 1:399."Squid Chase" 1:2810."Sigourney Weaver" 1:2111."Hank" 3:1912."Nobody's Fine" 3:2913."Rebecca Darling" 1:5414."Meet Destiny" 1:0715."Joker at Work" 1:1616."Becky Flies" 3:5317."Hands!" 2:2418."Almost Home" 2:0119."Open Ocean" 3:1820."Two Lefts and a Right" 3:5721."Everything About You" 1:4122."Quarantine" 2:4123."Warp" 1:0324."All Alone" 0:5325."...Shells" 4:4726."No Walls" 2:2527."Okay with Crazy" 1:5028."Hide and Seek" 1:5129."Quite a View" 1:2530."Unforgettable (End Title)"Sia3:1731."Three Hearts (End Title)" 3:2932."Loon Tune" 1:2033."Fish Who Wander" 1:1834."Release" 1:13

text: Release[edit]

text: Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 17, 2016, in 2D, Disney Digital 3-D and RealD 3D.[5][6] It was also released to select IMAX 3D theaters.[39] In April 2016, it was announced that a new Pixar short, Piper, directed by Alan Barillaro and with music by Adrian Belew, would be shown in front of the film.[40] It had its UK premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on June 18, 2016.[41][42]

text: The film was re-released for Labor Day weekend in 2016.[43]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Dory was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on November 15, 2016, with a digital release on October 25. In addition to Piper, the bonus features also included a short film, titled Marine Life Interviews, featuring interviews with the inhabitants of the Marine Life Institute about their encounters with Dory.[44]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Finding Dory grossed $486.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $542.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.029 billion, against a budget of $200 million.[4] It had a worldwide opening of $185.7 million, which is the third-biggest of all time for an animated film behind Incredibles 2 ($235.8 million) and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs ($218.4 million), and an IMAX global opening of $6.4 million.[45][46][47] On August 16, it became the fourth film of 2016 to earn $900 million in ticket sales,[48] and on October 9—its seventeenth weekend—it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the third film of 2016 after Captain America: Civil War and Zootopia to reach that mark, the second Pixar film (after Toy Story 3), the fifth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, and Zootopia), the twelfth Disney film (fourth Disney animated film), and the twenty-seventh film overall in cinematic history.[49][50]

text: Worldwide, it is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Civil War and Rogue One),[51] the highest-grossing animated film of 2016,[51] the third-highest-grossing Pixar film ever (behind Toy Story 3 and Incredibles 2),[52] the sixth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, and the 31st-highest-grossing film of all time. Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $296.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the fourth-most profitable release of 2016.[53]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Finding Dory opened on June 17, 2016, alongside Central Intelligence, with projections having the film grossing $110–120 million[54][55][56][57] in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $130 million.[58][59] It received the widest release for a Pixar film (4,305 theaters, breaking Brave's record), of which 3,200 venues were in 3D, along with 425 premium large format locales, approximately 100 IMAX theaters and a handful of Dolby Cinema sites.[56] It was Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all time, outselling the previous record-holder, Minions.[60] The film grossed $9.2 million from Thursday night previews, a record for both Pixar and any animated film,[61][62] and $54.7 million on its opening day, marking both the biggest opening day and single-day for an animated film. This also marks the first time that an animated film has grossed over $50 million in a single day.[63][64] It went on to gross $135.1 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and setting the record for the highest opening weekend for both Pixar (breaking Toy Story 3's record) and any animated film (out-grossing Shrek the Third's record, later out-grossed by Incredibles 2) and became the third-biggest adjusted for inflation.[65] It is also the third-highest opening (excluding Marvel and Star Wars films) for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures behind Beauty and the Beast ($174.8 million) and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest ($135.6 million), and is the studio's ninth-biggest debut overall.[45][66][67] It also became the fifth animated film and the fifth film of 2016 to open above $100 million.[68] Moreover, its opening also marked the second-biggest for the month of June, behind only Jurassic World.[69] Its opening was 93.8% above Finding Nemo's $70.3 million debut.[70] It further broke the record for the biggest PLF and Cinemark XD opening for an animated film with $10.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively. In IMAX, it made $5 million from 211 theaters,[47] the third-best animated IMAX opening behind Zootopia ($5.2 million) and Toy Story 3 ($8.4 million).[71]

text: Following its record-breaking openings, it scored the biggest Monday for Pixar by grossing $19.6 million (breaking Toy Story 3's $15.6 million) and the best Monday in June for an animated film. However, among all animated films, it is ranked second—behind 2004's Shrek 2, which made $23.4 million on its first Monday,[72][73] and it is also the biggest Tuesday for an animated film with $23.2 million, besting Minions' $16.8 million.[74] It jumped 18.5% over its Monday gross, a rare achievement for a film.[75] It crossed the $200 million mark in its first seven days, becoming the first (and fastest) animated film to pass the said milestone in just a week.[76] It fell only 46% in its second weekend earning $73 million to record the biggest second weekend for an animated film (breaking Shrek 2's $72.2 million previous record), the biggest for Disney and 2016 (surpassing Captain America: Civil War's $72.6 million), and the eighth-biggest second weekend gross of all time overall.[77][78] This was despite facing stiff competition from newcomer Independence Day: Resurgence.[79] It crossed $300 million in 12 days—a new record for an animated film, surpassing the previous record held by Shrek 2 and Toy Story 3 (both of which took 18 days),[80] and became the second animated film of 2016 (after Zootopia), the fourth Disney film of 2016, and the sixth overall film of the year to cross the milestone.[81] It continued to dominate the box office for the third straight weekend, despite competitions from three new wide releases—The Legend of Tarzan, The Purge: Election Year, and fellow Disney release The BFG—after witnessing a 42% decline to $41.8 million in three days and $51.4 million in four days, respectively, during the Independence Day holiday frame.[82] This made it the second time in two years and just the third time since 1992, the July 4 holiday box office was topped by a film in its third weekend of release.[83] It broke another record as it passed the $400 million mark in 21 days, which is the fastest for an animated film, the fastest of 2016, the fastest for the studio, and the fifth-fastest of all time overall. Morever, it became the second film of 2016 (after Captain America: Civil War), the fifth animated film, the ninth film for the studio, and the twenty-fourth film overall to pass the milestone.[84][85] On the following day (July 8), it surpassed Civil War to become the biggest film of the year up until Rogue One took that title in January 2017.[86][87] It dropped out of the top ten in its eighth week.[88]

text: Although the film was finally overtaken by The Secret Life of Pets (and The Legend of Tarzan in second place) in its fourth weekend, it nevertheless passed The Lion King to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film of all time in the same weekend, surpassing the latter which held the record for 15 non-consecutive years.[89] In just 30 days, it overtook Shrek 2 ($441.2 million) to become the highest-grossing animated film of all time, breaking the latter's record of 12 years.[90][91] Four days later, on July 20, it became the first-ever animated film in cinematic history to cross the $450 million mark.[92] As with its predecessor Finding Nemo, the studio expanded the theater count for the film during the Labor Day weekend from 345 theaters to 2,075 theaters, an addition of 1,730 theaters. In 2003, Nemo was expanded from 838 sites to 1,053 locations.[93][94]

text: It became the second-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Rogue One),[95] the highest-grossing Pixar film,[52] the second-highest-grossing Walt Disney Pictures release (behind Beauty and the Beast), the highest-grossing Disney animated film, the highest-grossing animated film overall,[96] and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time.[97]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Finding Dory received a staggered release in a span of four months from June to September, with Germany being the last country. This was done in order take advantage of key holidays and competitive dates around the world.[98][99] It was released across 29 countries—which is 32% of its entire international release territories—the same weekend as its U.S. premiere. It made an estimated $50.7 million to take the No. 1 spot at the international box office.[47] In its second weekend, it added $38.7 million from 37 markets, falling in third place behind Independence Day: Resurgence and Now You See Me 2.[98] In the same weekend along with its $73 million take in North America, the film helped Pixar cross the $10 billion mark worldwide since Toy Story (1995).[98] By its fourth weekend, the animated film helped Disney push past the $3 billion mark internationally and $5 billion globally.[100][101]

text: It had the biggest opening for an animated film in Brazil ($7.1 million) and the Netherlands ($2.1 million),[99] and the biggest of all time for a Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia ($7.7 million), the Philippines ($2.1 million), Singapore ($1.3 million), India ($1 million), Indonesia, Peru and Central America, and in Russia it opened with $3.2 million,[47][99] and the second-biggest in the United Kingdom and Ireland ($10.7 million), Mexico ($9.4 million) and Argentina ($3.5 million), and that's despite amidst the latter country's Copa America soccer match, and Colombia ($2.1 million), behind Monsters University.[47][102][103] In the UK and Ireland, the film recorded the second-biggest animated opening of the year with £8.1 million ($10.7 million) from 580 theaters, behind only The Secret Life of Pets. However, if previews are excluded, Finding Dory is ahead. Moreover, it also posted the second-biggest Disney/Pixar opening, behind only Toy Story 3 (fourth-biggest if previews are included), and the seventh-biggest animated opening of all time overall based on pure Friday-to-Sunday gross alone.[103][104][105] It added an additional 43 theaters in its second weekend, after which it added another £3.98 million ($5.1 million) at the weekend, thereby passing the £20 million mark in just 10 days (among Pixar films, only Toy Story 3 reached £20 million faster). It made an impressive £8.15 million during weekdays, from Monday to Thursday resulting in a £2.03 million daily-average gross. According to The Guardian, this was because of the school holidays that prevailed on the weekdays. Otherwise, family films earn the vast majority of their takings on Saturday and Sunday, and showtimes typically reduce on weekdays.[106] It returned to the top of the box office in its fourth weekend[107] and went on to become the highest-grossing film of the summer that year.[108] In Brazil, in addition to recording the biggest Disney/Pixar opening ever, almost twice the previous record held by The Good Dinosaur, it also set a new record for an all-time animated opening, on par with Minions in local currency.[99] In South Korea, it had the biggest opening for a Pixar film with $7.1 million, which is also the second-biggest for a Disney animated film, behind Frozen.[100] In Japan, the film had a two-day weekend opening of $7 million on Saturday and Sunday from 511 screens on 571,000 admissions. For the entire three-day holiday weekend, including Marine Day on Monday July 18, the film earned $11 million on 922,000 admissions. This made it the top western release of the weekend and the biggest foreign opening-weekend in the country of that year.[102][109] It had further number-one openings in Spain ($4.9 million), France ($4.7 million), Hong Kong ($1.9 million; $2.8 million including previews), Taiwan ($1.9 million), Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.[98][100][102] It topped the box office in the Netherlands for three[102] and in Spain and Australia for four consecutive weekends.[100] In Italy, it scored the biggest animated opening of the year with $5.8 million.[110]

text: In China, where Pixar films have been struggling to find broad audiences and accrue lucrative revenues, the film was projected to make around $30 million in its opening weekend.[111] The film ended up grossing $17.7 million—the highest Pixar opening in the country's history—debuting in second place behind Warcraft.[47] It surpassed Monsters University in just seven days to become the biggest Pixar film there with $38.1 million.[99][100] It opened in Germany—its last market—on September 29, where the film delivered a robust opening of $8.4 million, the biggest for any film of 2016 in the country. The film continued to benefit from German Unity Day on October 3.[112] It went on to top the box office there for three straight weekends, tying with Inferno in its third weekend.[113]

text: It is now the highest-grossing Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia (where it is also the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time behind Shrek 2), Bolivia, Brazil, Central America, Colombia, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines, and Trinidad.[100][102][114] It also became the second-highest-grossing Pixar release of all time in South Korea behind Inside Out.[115] Elsewhere, the biggest markets in terms of total earnings were Japan ($66 million), followed by the UK ($56.3 million), China ($38.1 million), Australia ($36.3 million), and Brazil ($34.5 million).[50]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Finding Dory has an approval rating of 94% based on 303 reviews and an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Funny, poignant, and thought-provoking, Finding Dory delivers a beautifully animated adventure that adds another entertaining chapter to its predecessor's classic story."[116] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[117] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 91% overall positive score and an 81% "definite recommend".[118]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, saying: "I never thought I wanted a sequel to Finding Nemo, but here we are and I'm pretty happy it exists. And, for me, it was a more emotional experience than the first film. Finding Dory got me—it made me cry."[119] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said that while the film lacks "dazzling originality", he overall wrote, "it more than makes up for in warmth, charm and good humor".[120] In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "It's a film that spills over with laughs (most of them good, a few of them shticky) and tears (all of them earned), supporting characters who are meant to slay us (and mostly do) with their irascible sharp tongues, and dizzyingly extended flights of physical comedy."[121] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said that "Finding Dory can be touching, sweet and tender, but it's compulsively, preposterously and steadfastly funny."[122] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and said that the film "brims with humor, heart and animation miracles", despite lacking "the fresh surprise of its predecessor".[123]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, writing, "Its heroine may suffer from short-term memory loss, but viewers with any memory at all will realize that Finding Dory falls rather short of its wondrous progenitor."[124] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan said that, "As the 13-year gap between "Nemo" and "Dory" indicates, this was not a concept that cried out to be made."[125]

text: Environmental controversies and issues[edit]

text: Conservationists warned that, very much like Finding Nemo, the film could lead to uninformed customers buying blue tangs for home aquariums.[126] Blue tangs cannot be bred in captivity and have to be caught in the wild.[127] They are related to surgeonfish and exhibit razor-sharp spines on both sides of the tail that can inflict formidable wounds.[128]

text: While promoting the film, actress Ellen DeGeneres reminded audiences that Nemo and Dory's real-life home, the Great Barrier Reef, is under enormous threat, mostly due to coral bleaching, a process induced by climate change, which has killed coral reefs on an enormous scale.[129]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

2016

Alliance of Women Film Journalists

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton and Angus MacLane

Nominated

[130][131]

Best Animated Female

Ellen DeGeneres

British Academy Children's Awards

BAFTA Kids' Vote

Finding Dory

[132][133]

Critics' Choice Awards

Best Animated Feature

[134]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards

Best Original Score – Animated Film

Thomas Newman

[135][136]

San Francisco Film Critics Circle

Best Animated Feature

Finding Dory

[137][138]

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

[139]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Summer Movie

Won

[140]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Female

Ellen DeGeneres

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association

Best Animated Feature

Finding Dory

Nominated

[141]

Best Voice Performance

Ellen DeGeneres

Women Film Critics Circle

Best Animated Female

Finding Dory

[142]

2017

Annie Awards

Best Animated Feature

[143]

Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Feature Production

Erick Oh

Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production

Trevor Jimenez

Black Reel Awards

Outstanding Voice Performance

Idris Elba

[144]

British Academy Film Awards

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton

[145]

Cinema Audio Society

Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated

Scott Curtis, Doc Kane, Nathan Nance, Michael Semanick and Thomas Vicari

Won

[146]

Empire Awards

Best Animated Film

Finding Dory

[147]

Georgia Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton and Lindsey Collins

Nominated

[148]

Golden Tomato Awards

Best Wide Release 2016

Finding Dory

7th place

[149]

Best Animated Movie 2016

2nd Place

Houston Film Critics Society

Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

[150][151]

2017 Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Animated Movie

Won

[152]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie

Ellen DeGeneres

Most Wanted Pet

Nominated

#Squad

Ellen DeGeneres, Albert Brooks, Kaitlin Olson, Hayden Rolence, Willem Dafoe, Ed O'Neill, Ty Burrell and Eugene Levy

Won

NAACP Image Awards

Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance

Idris Elba

Nominated

[153]

Online Film Critics Society

Best Animated Film

Finding Dory

[154]

People's Choice Awards

Favorite Movie

Won

[155]

Favorite Family Movie

Favorite Animated Movie Voice

Ellen DeGeneres

Producers Guild of America

Best Animated Motion Picture

Lindsey Collins

Nominated

[156]

Satellite Awards

Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature

Finding Dory

[157]

Saturn Awards

Best Animated Film

Won

[158]

Village Voice Film Poll

Best Animated Feature

7th place

[159]

Visual Effects Society

Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature

Chris J. Chapman, Lindsey Collins, John Halstead and Angus MacLane

Nominated

[160]

Outstanding Animated Performance in an Animated Feature

Hank – Jonathan Hoffman, Steven Clay Hunter, Mark Piretti and Audrey Wong

Won

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature

Open Ocean Exhibit – Stephen Gustafson, Jack Hattori, Jesse Hollander and Michael Rutter

Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature

Stephen Gustafson, Allen Hemberger, Joshua Jenny and Matthew Kiyoshi Wong

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels.[161]


document_title: NFC East

question_text: when was the last time the philadelphia eagles won the division

text: NFC East

text: History[edit]

text: Previously, although the St. Louis Rams were geographically farther east than Dallas before moving back to Los Angeles, the Cowboys remained in the NFC East despite being the only team located in the Central Time Zone and the Rams stayed in the NFC West because of long-standing rivalries: the Cowboys with all three other teams in the East, and the Rams with the San Francisco 49ers in the West.

text: The NFC East teams have combined to be the most successful division in the NFL since the 1970 NFL merger with 20 NFC Championship wins and 12 Super Bowl victories, the highest marks of any division in the NFL. Each of the current NFC East's four teams has won at least three NFL titles during their existence; however, only Philadelphia has yet to win a championship in the Super Bowl era. The division features a number of prominent rivalries such as the Cowboys–Redskins rivalry and Eagles–Giants rivalry. Because the division's teams are in some of the United States' largest media markets (New York No. 1, Philadelphia, No. 4, Dallas-Fort Worth No. 5, and Washington No. 8), the NFC East receives a high amount of coverage from national sports media outlets.[1] In the early 1990s the division claimed four consecutive Super Bowl champions, all 4 against the Buffalo Bills, with the Giants and Redskins respectively winning back-to-back in Super Bowls XXV and XXVI; and the Cowboys winning twice after in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII. Those same three teams won seven out of ten Super Bowls, from 1986-87 to 1995-96 (49ers won the other three).

text: The Philadelphia Eagles are the only NFC East team to play in the city of the team's naming, Philadelphia.[2] The other three teams play in suburbs of the major cities they are named after. The Dallas Cowboys play in Arlington, Texas.[3] The Washington Redskins play in Landover, Maryland[4] and the New York Giants play in East Rutherford, New Jersey,[5] where they share a stadium with the New York Jets. The only two other teams not from either East division to do so is the NFC West's San Francisco 49ers, who started playing in the San Francisco suburb of Santa Clara in 2014, and the Arizona Cardinals, who play in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale.

text: The NFC East can also be called the most valuable NFL Division. All four teams in the division are in the top ten of most valuable NFL franchises (Cowboys #1; Giants #3; Redskins #5; Eagles #10).[6] The next closest division is the AFC North, which is not completed until the 26th ranked Cincinnati Bengals.[7]

text: Division lineups[edit]

text: Place cursor over year for division champ or Super Bowl team.

text:
NFL Eastern Conference
Capitol Division
NFC East Division[B]

1900s
2000s

67[A]
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01

Dallas Cowboys

Philadelphia Eagles

Washington Redskins

N.O. Saints
NY Giants
N.O. Saints
New York Giants

St. Louis Cardinals[C]
Phoenix Cardinals
Arizona Cardinals[D]

NFC East Division [D]

2000s

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Dallas Cowboys

Philadelphia Eagles

Washington Redskins

New York Giants

     Team not in division      Division Won Super Bowl      Division Won NFC Championship

text: Division champions[edit]

text: As NFL Capitol Division[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Record
Playoff Results

NFL Capitol

1967
Dallas Cowboys
9–5
Lost NFL Championship

1968
Dallas Cowboys
12–2
Lost NFL Divisional Playoffs

1969
Dallas Cowboys
11–2–1
Lost NFL Divisional Playoffs

text: There was one division sweep of the Capitol Division, 1969 Cowboys 6-0[8]

text: As NFC East[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Record
Playoff Results

1970
Dallas Cowboys
10-4
Lost Super Bowl V

1971
Dallas Cowboys
11-3
Won Super Bowl VI

1972
Washington Redskins
11-3
Lost Super Bowl VII

1973
Dallas Cowboys
10-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1974
St. Louis Cardinals
10-4
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1975
St. Louis Cardinals
11-3
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1976
Dallas Cowboys
11-3
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1977
Dallas Cowboys
12-2
Won Super Bowl XII

1978
Dallas Cowboys
12–4
Lost Super Bowl XIII

1979
Dallas Cowboys
11-5
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1980
Philadelphia Eagles
12-4
Lost Super Bowl XV

1981
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1982
Washington Redskins
8-1
Won Super Bowl XVII*

1983
Washington Redskins
14-2
Lost Super Bowl XVIII

1984
Washington Redskins
11-5
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1985
Dallas Cowboys
10-6
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1986
New York Giants
14-2
Won Super Bowl XXI

1987
Washington Redskins
11-4
Won Super Bowl XXII++

1988
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1989
New York Giants
12-4
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1990
New York Giants
13-3
Won Super Bowl XXV

1991
Washington Redskins
14-2
Won Super Bowl XXVI

1992
Dallas Cowboys
13-3
Won Super Bowl XXVII

1993
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Won Super Bowl XXVIII

1994
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1995
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Won Super Bowl XXX

1996
Dallas Cowboys
10-6
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

1997
New York Giants
10-5-1
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1998
Dallas Cowboys
10-6
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

1999
Washington Redskins
10-6
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2000
New York Giants
12-4
Lost Super Bowl XXXV

2001
Philadelphia Eagles
11–5
Lost NFC Championship Game

2002
Philadelphia Eagles
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

2003
Philadelphia Eagles
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

2004
Philadelphia Eagles
13-3
Lost Super Bowl XXXIX

2005
New York Giants
11-5
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2006
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2007
Dallas Cowboys
13-3
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2008
New York Giants
12-4
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2009
Dallas Cowboys
11-5
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2010
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2011
New York Giants
9-7
Won Super Bowl XLVI#

2012
Washington Redskins
10-6
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2013
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2014
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2015
Washington Redskins
9-7
Lost NFC Wild Card Playoffs

2016
Dallas Cowboys
13-3
Lost NFC Divisional Playoffs

2017
Philadelphia Eagles
12-2
TBD

text:
* A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored; Washington had the best record of the division teams and won the Super Bowl.
++ The 1987 Redskins are the only NFC 3rd Seed to win the Super Bowl.[9]
^ The 2007 Dallas Cowboys were defeated by division rival and NFC 5th Seed New York Giants, who ultimately won Super Bowl XLII.
# The 2011 New York Giants are the only sub-10-win team to win the Super Bowl (other than the 1982 Redskins listed above), as well as the only team to win the Super Bowl as the NFC's 4th Seed.[9]

text: The Philadelphia Eagles are the only team in the NFC East not to win a Super Bowl. The Cowboys lead with five, followed by the Giants with four, and the Redskins with three. In overall NFL history, however, the Giants lead with eight league championships, followed by the Redskins and Cowboys with five each, then the Eagles with three.

text: There have been two division sweeps of the NFC East Division, the 1998 Dallas Cowboys (8-0) and the 2004 Philadelphia Eagles (6-0). [8]

text: Wild Card qualifiers[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2016)

text:
Season
Team
Record
Playoff Results

NFC East

1971
Washington Redskins
9-4-1
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1972
Dallas Cowboys
10-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1973
Washington Redskins
10-4
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1974
Washington Redskins
10-4
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1975
Dallas Cowboys
10-4
Lost Super Bowl X

1976
Washington Redskins
10-4
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1978
Philadelphia Eagles
9-7
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1979
Philadelphia Eagles
11-5
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1980
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1981
Philadelphia Eagles
New York Giants
10-6
9-7
Lost Wild Card Playoffs
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1982+
Dallas Cowboys
St. Louis Cardinals
6-3
5-4
Lost NFC Championship Game
Lost NFC First Round

1983
Dallas Cowboys
12-4
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1984
New York Giants
9-7
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1985
New York Giants
10-6
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1986
Washington Redskins
12-4
Lost NFC Championship Game

1989
Philadelphia Eagles
11-5
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1990
Washington Redskins
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
10-6
Lost Divisional Playoffs
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1991
Dallas Cowboys
11-5
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1992
Philadelphia Eagles
Washington Redskins
10-6
9-7
Lost Divisional Playoffs
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1993
New York Giants
11-5
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1995
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1996
Philadelphia Eagles
10-6
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1998
Arizona Cardinals
9-7
Lost Divisional Playoffs

1999
Dallas Cowboys
8-8
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2000
Philadelphia Eagles
11-5
Lost Divisional Playoffs

NFC East

2002
New York Giants
10-6
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2003
Dallas Cowboys
10-6
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2005
Washington Redskins
10-6
Lost Divisional Playoffs

2006
Dallas Cowboys
New York Giants
9-7
8-8
Lost Wild Card Playoffs
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2007
New York Giants
Washington Redskins
10-6
9-7
Won Super Bowl XLII**
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2008
Philadelphia Eagles
9-6-1
Lost NFC Championship Game

2009
Philadelphia Eagles
11-5
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

2016
New York Giants
11-5
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

text:
+ A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games, so the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year.
** The 2007 New York Giants are the only NFC East team to win a Super Bowl as a Wild Card team, and the only NFL team in history to win the Super Bowl as a 5th Seed in either Conference.[9]

text: Total playoff berths[edit]

text:
Team
Division
Championships
Playoff
Berths
Super Bowl
Appearances
Super Bowl
Championships

Dallas Cowboys
22
32
8
5

Philadelphia Eagles
10
21
2
0

Washington Redskins
8
18
5
3

New York Giants
8
15
5
4

Arizona Cardinals1
2
4
0
0

text: To sort table above, click button to right of heading.

text:
NFC East
Division
Championships
Playoff
Berths
NFC
Championships
Super Bowl
Championships

Totals- 1967-2017
51
89
21
13