document_title: Mary Poppins (film)

question_text: what is the girl name in mary poppins

question_tokens: what is the girl name in mary poppins

text: Mary Poppins (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd as a one-man band when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience, and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the Banks family’s home. George Banks returns home to learn from Winifred that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away again. They are returned shortly after by Constable Jones, who reveals the children were chasing a lost kite. The children ask their father to help build a better kite, but he dismisses them. Taking it upon himself to hire a new nanny, Mr. Banks advertises for a stern, no-nonsense nanny. Instead, Jane and Michael present their own advertisement for a kinder, sweeter nanny. Mr. Banks rips up the letter, and throws the scraps in the fireplace, but the remains of the advertisement magically float up, and out into the air.

text: The next day, a number of elderly, sour-faced nannies wait outside the Banks' home, but a strong gust of wind blows them away, and Jane and Michael witness a young nanny descending from the sky using her umbrella. Presenting herself to Mr. Banks, Mary Poppins calmly produces the children's restored advertisement, and agrees with its requests, but promises the astonished banker she will be firm with his children. As Mr. Banks puzzles over the advertisement's return, Mary Poppins hires herself, and convinces him it was originally his idea. She meets the children, then helps them tidy their nursery through song, before heading out for a walk in the park.

text: Outside, they meet Bert, working as a screever; Mary Poppins uses her magic to transport the group into one of the drawings. While the children ride on a carousel, Mary Poppins and Bert go on a leisurely stroll. Mary Poppins later enchants the carousel horses, and participates in a horse race, which she wins. While being asked to describe her victory, Mary Poppins announces the nonsense word "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious". However, the outing is ruined when a thunderstorm demolishes Bert's drawings, returning the group to London.

text: On another outing, the four meet Uncle Albert, who has floated up in the air due to his uncontrollable laughter; they join him for a tea party on the ceiling, telling jokes.

text: Mr. Banks becomes annoyed by the household's cheery atmosphere, and threatens to fire Mary Poppins. Instead, Mary Poppins inverts his attempt by convincing him to take the children to the bank for a day. Mr. Banks takes Jane and Michael to the bank, where they meet Mr. Dawes Sr. and his son. Mr. Dawes aggressively attempts to have Michael invest his tuppence in the bank, snatching it from him. Michael demands it back, causing other customers to misinterpret, and all demand their own money back, causing a bank run.

text: Jane and Michael flee the bank, getting lost in the East End until they run into Bert, now working as a chimney sweep, who escorts them home. The three and Mary Poppins venture onto the rooftops, where they have a song-and-dance number with other chimney sweeps, which spills out into the Banks' home. Mr. Banks returns, and receives a phone call from his employers. He speaks with Bert, who tells him he should spend more time with his children before growing up. Jane and Michael give their father Michael's tuppence in the hope to make amends.

text: Mr. Banks walks through London to the bank, where he is given a humiliating cashiering, and is dismissed. Looking to the tuppence for words, he blurts out "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!", tells one of Uncle Albert's jokes, and happily heads home. Dawes mulls over the joke, but finally "gets" it, and floats up into the air, laughing.

text: The next day, the wind changes, meaning Mary Poppins must leave. A happier Mr. Banks is found at home, having fixed his children's kite, and takes the family out to fly it. In the park, the Bankses meet Mr. Dawes Jr, who reveals his father died laughing from the joke, and re-employs Mr. Banks as a junior partner. With her work done, Mary Poppins flies away, with Bert bidding her farewell, telling her not to stay away too long.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Julie Andrews as Mary Poppins, a magical and loving woman who descends down from the clouds in response to the Banks children's advertisement for a nanny. She is not only firm in her use of authority but gentle and kind as well, a major departure from the original books, in which the character was strict and pompous.[6]
Dick Van Dyke as Bert, a cockney jack-of-all-trades and Mary Poppins's closest friend, who is completely accustomed to her magic. Their playful interactions imply that they have known each other for a long time and that this kind of story has repeated itself many times. Bert has at least four jobs throughout the film: a one-man band, a pavement chalk artist, a chimney sweep, and a kite seller.
Dick Van Dyke also portrays Mr. Dawes Sr., the old director of the bank where Mr. Banks works. During the film's end titles, "Navckid Keyd", an anagram of Dick Van Dyke, is first credited as playing the role before the letters unscramble to reveal Van Dyke's name.
David Tomlinson as George Banks, Mary Poppins' employer and father of Jane and Michael. He works at the Dawes Tomes Mousley Grubbs Fidelity Fiduciary Bank in London. He is a driven and disciplined man.
Glynis Johns as Winifred Banks, the easily distracted wife of George Banks and the mother of Jane and Michael. She is depicted as a member of Emmeline Pankhurst's "Votes for Women" suffragette movement. Mrs. Banks was originally named Cynthia, but this was changed to the more English-sounding Winifred per Travers.[7]
Hermione Baddeley as Ellen, the maid of the Banks residence.
Karen Dotrice as Jane Banks.
Matthew Garber as Michael Banks.
Elsa Lanchester as Katie Nanna, the disgruntled nanny who quits the Banks family.
Arthur Treacher as Constable Jones, a police officer.
Reginald Owen as Admiral Boom, the Banks' eccentric neighbor and a naval officer. He has his first mate, Mr. Binnacle, fire a cannon from his roof every 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.
Ed Wynn as Uncle Albert, a jolly gentleman who suffers from an unknown condition where he floats in the air during fits of uncontrollable laughter. Although he likes having company over, he becomes very sad and cries when his guests have to leave (he falls back to the ground, since it is the inversion of laughing).
Reta Shaw as Mrs. Brill, the cook of the Banks residence.
Don Barclay as Mr. Binnacle, Admiral Boom's first mate.
Marjorie Bennett as Miss Lark, owner of the dog named Andrew, who frequently runs away.
Arthur Malet as Mr. Dawes Jr., the director's son and member of the board.
Jane Darwell as the "Bird Woman," an old woman who sells breadcrumbs for the pigeons on the steps of St Paul's Cathedral.
Marjorie Eaton as Miss Maya Persimmon.
Jimmy Logan as a doorman who chases after the children in the bank.
Alma Lawton as Mrs. Corry, an old shopkeeper of a gingerbread shop and mother of two daughters.
Betty Lou Gerson as Old Crone (uncredited)
Kay E. Kuter as Man in Bank (uncredited)
Doris Lloyd as Depositor (uncredited)
Queenie Leonard as Depositor (uncredited)

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Julie Andrews as Robin, Female Pearly
Marc Breaux as Cow
Daws Butler as Penguin Waiter, Turtles
Peter Ellenshaw as Penguin Waiter
Paul Frees as Barnyard Horse
Bill Lee as Ram
Sean McClory as Bloodhound, Reporter #4
Dallas McKennon as Fox, Bloodhound, Penguin Waiter, Horse, Carousel Guard
Alan Napier as Huntsman, Reporter #3, Bloodhound
Marni Nixon as Geese
J. Pat O'Malley as Bloodhound, Hunting Horse, Master of Hounds, Pearly Drummer, Penguin Waiter, Photographer, Reporter #2
George Pelling as Bloodhound, Reporter #1
Thurl Ravenscroft as Hog, Andrew's Whimper
Richard M. Sherman as Penguin Waiter, Male Pearly
Robert B. Sherman as the "Bird Woman," Pearly Banjo Player
David Tomlinson as Penguin Waiter, Jockey, Race Track Stewards, Mr. Binnacle, Mary Poppins' Parrot Umbrella[8]
Ginny Tyler as Lambs

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The first book in the Mary Poppins book series was the film's main basis. According to the 40th Anniversary DVD release of the film in 2004, Disney's daughters fell in love with the Mary Poppins books and made him promise to make a film based on them. Disney first attempted to purchase the film rights to Mary Poppins from P. L. Travers as early as 1938 but was rebuffed because Travers did not believe a film version of her books would do justice to her creation. In addition, Disney was known at the time primarily as a producer of cartoons and had yet to produce any major live-action work. For more than 20 years, Disney periodically made efforts to convince Travers to allow him to make a Poppins film. He finally succeeded in 1961, although Travers demanded and got script approval rights. The Sherman Brothers composed the music score and were also involved in the film's development, suggesting the setting be changed from the 1930s to the Edwardian era. Pre-production and song composition took about two years.

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Travers was an adviser to the production. However, she disapproved of the dilution of the harsher aspects of Mary Poppins' character, felt ambivalent about the music, and so hated the use of animation that she ruled out any further adaptations of the later Mary Poppins novels.[9] She objected to a number of elements that actually made it into the film. Rather than original songs, she wanted the soundtrack to feature known standards of the Edwardian period in which the story is set. She also objected to the animated sequence. Disney overruled her, citing contract stipulations that he had final say on the finished print. Much of the Travers-Disney correspondence is part of the Travers collection of papers in the Mitchell Library of New South Wales, Australia. The relationship between Travers and Disney is detailed in Mary Poppins She Wrote, a biography of Travers, by Valerie Lawson. The biography is the basis for two documentaries on Travers, The Real Mary Poppins, and Lisa Matthews' The Shadow of Mary Poppins.[10][11][12] Their relationship during the development of the film was also dramatized in the 2013 film, Saving Mr. Banks.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Julie Andrews, who was making her feature film acting debut after a successful stage career, got the prime role of Mary Poppins soon after she was passed over by Jack L. Warner and replaced with Audrey Hepburn for the role of Eliza Doolittle in his screen adaptation of My Fair Lady, even though Andrews had originated the role on Broadway.[13] When Disney first approached Andrews about taking on the role, Andrews was three months pregnant and therefore was not sure she should take it. Disney assured her that the crew would be fine with waiting to begin filming until after she had given birth so that she could play the part.[14] Julie Andrews also provided the voice in two other sections of the film: during "A Spoonful of Sugar," she provided the whistling harmony for the robin, and she was also one of the Pearly singers during "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious." David Tomlinson, besides playing Mr. Banks, provided the voice of Mary's talking umbrella and numerous other voice-over parts (including that of Admiral Boom's first mate). During the "Jolly Holiday" sequence, the three singing Cockney geese were all voiced by Marni Nixon, a regular aural substitute for actresses with substandard singing voices. Nixon would later provide the singing voice for Hepburn in My Fair Lady and play one of Andrews' fellow nuns in The Sound of Music. Andrews later beat Hepburn for the Best Actress Award at the Golden Globes for their respective roles. Andrews would also win the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role. Hepburn did not receive a nomination. Richard Sherman, one of the songwriters, also voiced a penguin as well as one of the Pearlies.[15] Robert Sherman dubbed the speaking voice for Jane Darwell because Darwell's voice was too weak to be heard in the soundtrack. Sherman's voice is heard saying the only line: "Feed the Birds, Tuppence a bag."[16]

text: Disney cast Dick Van Dyke in the key supporting role of Bert after seeing his work on The Dick Van Dyke Show. After winning the role of Bert, Van Dyke lobbied to also play the senior Mr. Dawes, but Disney originally felt he was too young for the part. Van Dyke eventually won Disney over after a screen test.[17] Although he is fondly remembered for this film, Van Dyke's attempt at a Cockney accent is regarded as one of the worst film accents in history, cited as an example by actors since as something that they wish to avoid.[18] In a 2003 poll by Empire magazine of the worst film accents of all time, he came second.[19] Van Dyke claims that his accent coach was the Irish J. Pat O'Malley, who "didn't do an accent any better than I did".[20]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming took place between May and September 1963, with post-production and animation taking another 11 months.[21]

text: The film changed the book's storyline in a number of places. For example, Mary, when approaching the house, controlled the wind rather than the other way around. As another example, the father, rather than the mother, interviewed Mary for the nanny position. A number of other changes were necessary to condense the story into feature length. In the film, there are only two Banks children, Jane and Michael. The satirical and mysterious aspects of the original book gave way to a cheerful and "Disney-fied" tone. Mary Poppins' character as portrayed by Andrews in the film is somewhat less vain and more sympathetic towards the children compared to the rather cold and intimidating nanny of the original book. Bert, as played by Van Dyke, was a composite of several characters from Travers' stories. Travers demanded that any suggestions of romance between Mary and Bert be eliminated, so lyrics were written for "Jolly Holiday" that clearly indicated that their friendship was purely platonic; some subtle hints of romance, however, did remain in the finished film.

text: Music[edit]

text: Buena Vista Records released the original motion picture soundtrack on LP and reel-to-reel tape.[22] Due to time constraints, some songs were edited (such as "Step in Time" and "Jolly Holiday", "A Spoonful of Sugar"), while songs also featured introductory passages ("Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious") or completed endings ("Sister Suffragette", "Fidelity Fiduciary Bank", "A Man Has Dreams"). Written by Richard and Robert Sherman, the songs were inspired by Edwardian British music hall music.[23] The score won two Grammy Awards and two Academy Awards.[24][25]

text: Walt Disney Records re-issued the soundtrack in 1997, including a 16-minute track of unreleased songs and demo versions.[26] In 2004, as part of the 40th Anniversary (also called Special Edition), a 28-track disc (as part of a two-disc set) was released.[27] In 2014 (the 50th anniversary of the film's release), the soundtrack was released in a 3-CD edition as part of the Walt Disney Records The Legacy Collection series; this edition includes demos of many "lost" tracks.[28]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: All tracks are written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman.

text: Deleted songs[edit]

text: A number of other songs were written for the film by the Sherman Brothers and either rejected or cut for time. Richard Sherman, on the 2004 DVD release, indicated that more than 30 songs were written at various stages of the film's development. No cast recordings of any of these songs have been released to the public, only demos or later performances done by the songwriters — with the exception of the rooftop reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" and the "smoke staircase yodel" mentioned below.

text:
"The Chimpanzoo", was originally to follow "I Love to Laugh" during the Uncle Albert "ceiling tea party" sequence, but it was dropped from the soundtrack just before Julie Andrews and company were to record it. The fast-paced number was not unveiled to the public until Richard Sherman, aided by recently uncovered storyboards, performed it on the 2004 DVD edition. The re-creation suggests it was to have been another sequence combining animation and live action.
"Practically Perfect" was intended to introduce Mary but instead the melody of the piece was used for "Sister Suffragette" (used to introduce Mrs. Banks). A different song with the same name was written for the stage musical.
"The Eyes of Love", a romantic ballad intended for Bert and Mary, but according to Richard Sherman, Andrews suggested privately to Disney that this song was unsuitable. In response, "A Spoonful of Sugar" was written.
"Mary Poppins Melody" was to be performed when Mary introduces herself to the children. Elements of the song later became part of "Stay Awake". The melody was the basis for a couple of other songs that were ultimately cut from the film.
"A Name's a Name". Heard on a recording taken of a meeting between the Sherman Brothers and Travers, this song was originally intended for the nursery scene that later became "A Spoonful of Sugar". The melody was reused for "Mary Poppins Melody".
"You Think, You Blink" was a short piece that Bert was to sing just before entering the chalk painting (and starting the "Jolly Holiday" sequence). In the film, Dick Van Dyke simply recites the lyric instead of singing it.
"West Wind" was a short ballad to be sung by Mary. The song was later retitled "Mon Amour Perdu" and used in the later Disney film, Big Red.
"The Right Side" was to be sung by Mary to Michael after he gets out of bed cranky. It was recycled for the Disney Channel television series Welcome to Pooh Corner as Winnie the Pooh's personal theme song.
"Measure Up" was to accompany the scene in which Mary takes the tape measure to Jane and Michael.
"Admiral Boom" was to be the theme song for the cannon-firing neighbor of the Banks Residence, but it was cut by Walt Disney as being unnecessary. The melody of the song remains in the film, and the bombastic theme is heard whenever Boom appears onscreen. One line from this song ("The whole world takes its time from Greenwich, but Greenwich, they say, takes its time from Admiral Boom!") is spoken by Bert early in the film.
"Sticks, Paper and Strings" was an early version of "Let's Go Fly a Kite."
"Lead the Righteous Life", an intentionally poorly written hymn, was to have been sung by Katie Nanna (Elsa Lanchester) along with Jane and Michael prior to Mary Poppins' arrival. The melody was later reused for a similar song in The Happiest Millionaire
"The Pearly Song" was not deleted per se but was instead incorporated into "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious".

tag: ol

text: The Compass Sequence, a precursor to "Jolly Holiday", was to be a multiple-song sequence. A number of possible musical components have been identified:

text:
"South Sea Island Symphony"
"Chinese Festival Song"
"Tim-Buc-Too" – elements of this were reused for "The Chimpanzoo" which was also cut
"Tiki Town" – the melody was reused for "The Chimpanzoo"
"North Pole Polka"
"Land of Sand" – later rewritten as "Trust in Me" for the animated version of The Jungle Book
"The Beautiful Briny" – later used in Bedknobs and Broomsticks
"East is East" – another variation on the unused "Mary Poppins Melody".

text: Deleted scores and music[edit]

text:
The "Step in Time" sequence ends with the chimney sweeps being scattered by an onslaught of fireworks fired from Admiral Boom's house. In the final film, the scene plays out with sound effects and no music. The DVD release included the original version of the scene which was accompanied by a complex instrumental musical arrangement that combined "Step in Time", the "Admiral Boom" melody (see above), and "A Spoonful of Sugar". This musical arrangement can be heard on the film's original soundtrack.
Andrews recorded a brief reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" which was to have accompanied Mary, Bert, and the children as they marched across the rooftops of London (an instrumental reprise of "A Spoonful of Sugar" was used as a march instead; however, Andrews and Dick Van Dyke can still be seen and heard singing a reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" in that sequence, just before the other chimney sweeps appear for the "Step in Time" number).
The robin Mary Poppins whistles with in "A Spoonful of Sugar" originally sang a lyric as well.
Andrews also recorded a brief yodel which breaks into the first line of "A Spoonful of Sugar" which was to have been used to "activate" the smoke staircase prior to the "Step in Time" number. Although cut from the film, footage of Andrews performing this exists and was included on the 2004 DVD. The DVD also indicates that an alternate version of the yodel performed by Dick Van Dyke may also exist.

text: Release[edit]

text: Mary Poppins premiered on August 27, 1964, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles.[21][29] Travers was not extended an invitation to the event, but managed to obtain one from a Disney executive. It was at the after-party that Richard Sherman recalled her walking up to Disney and loudly announcing that the animated sequence had to go. Disney responded, "Pamela, the ship has sailed," and walked away.[12]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Mary Poppins was first released in late 1980 on VHS, Betamax, CED and LaserDisc. On October 28, 1994, August 26, 1997, and March 31, 1998, it was re-released three times as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. In 1998, this film became Disney's first DVD. On July 4, 2000, it was released on VHS and DVD as part of the Gold Classic Collection. On December 14, 2004, it had a 2-Disc DVD release in a Digitally Restored 40th Anniversary Edition as well as its final issue in the VHS Format. The film's audio track featured an "Enhanced Home Theater Mix" consisting of replaced sound effects (to make the soundtrack more "modern") and improved fidelity and mixing and some enhanced music (this version was also shown on 2006–2012 ABC Family airings of the movie.) On January 27, 2009, the film was released on DVD again as a 45th anniversary edition, with more language tracks and special features (though the film's "Enhanced Home Theater Mix" was not included.) Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray as the 50th Anniversary Edition on December 10, 2013.[30]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received universal acclaim from film critics.[31] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics gave the film a "fresh" rating, based on 44 reviews with an average score of 8.3/10. The site's consensus refers to it as "A lavish modern fairy tale celebrated for its amazing special effects, catchy songs, and Julie Andrews's legendary performance in the title role."[32]

text: Variety praised the film's musical sequences and the performances of Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, in particular.[33] Time lauded the film, stating, "The sets are luxuriant, the songs lilting, the scenario witty but impeccably sentimental, and the supporting cast only a pinfeather short of perfection."[34]

text: Critic Drew Casper summarized the impact of Mary Poppins in 2011:

text: Disney was the leader, his musical fantasies mixing animation and truly marvelous f/x with real-life action for children and the child in the adult. Mary Poppins (1964) was his plum. ... the story was elemental, even trite. But utmost sophistication (the chimney pot sequence crisply cut by Oscared "Cotton" Warburton) and high-level invention (a tea party on the ceiling, a staircase of black smoke to the city's top) characterized its handling.[35]

text: Box office[edit]

text:
The film earned $31 million in North American rentals during its initial run.[36] The film was re-released theatrically in 1973, in honor of Walt Disney Productions' 50th anniversary, and earned an estimated additional $9 million in North American rentals.[37] It was released once more in 1980 and grossed $14 million.[38]
It returned a total lifetime rental of $45 million [39] to Disney from a gross of over $102 million from its North American theatrical releases.[3]

text: The film was the twentienth most popular sound film of the twentieth century in the UK with admissions of 14 million.[40]

text: The film was very profitable for Disney. Made on an estimated budget of $4.4–6 million,[2][41][42] it was reported by Cobbett Steinberg to be the most profitable film of 1965, earning a net profit of $28.5 million.[31][43] Walt Disney used his huge profits from the film to purchase land in central Florida and finance the construction of Walt Disney World.[44]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipients and nominees

Result

Academy Awards[25]

April 5, 1965

Best Picture

Walt Disney and Bill Walsh

Nominated

Best Director

Robert Stevenson

Best Actress in a Leading Role

Julie Andrews

Won

Best Adapted Screenplay

Don DaGradi and Bill Walsh

Nominated

Best Cinematography, Color

Edward Colman

Best Art Direction, Color

Carroll Clark, William H. Tuntke, Emile Kuri and Hal Gausman

Best Costume Design, Color

Tony Walton

Best Sound

Robert O. Cook

Best Film Editing

Cotton Warburton

Won

Best Visual Effects

Peter Ellenshaw, Eustace Lycett and Hamilton Luske

Best Original Song

"Chim Chim Cher-ee" – Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman

Best Score

Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman

Best Adaptation or Treatment Score

Irwin Kostal

Nominated

Golden Globe Awards[45]

February 8, 1965

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Robert Stevenson, Walt Disney and Bill Walsh

Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role – Musical or Comedy

Dick Van Dyke

Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role – Musical or Comedy

Julie Andrews

Won

Best Original Score

Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman

Nominated

Grammy Awards[24]

April 13, 1965

Best Recording for Children

Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman, Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke, Glynis Johns, David Tomlinson, Ed Wynn

Won

Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Show

Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman

New York Film Critics Circle[46]

January 23, 1965

Best Actress

Julie Andrews

Nominated

Directors Guild of America Award[47]

Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

Robert Stevenson

Writers Guild of America Award[48]

Best Written American Musical

Don DaGradi and Bill Walsh

Won

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Mary Poppins is widely considered to be one of the greatest films of all time and Walt Disney's "crowning achievement".[49] It was the only film of Disney's to garner a "Best Picture" nomination at the Oscars in his lifetime.[50]

text: The film also inspired the eighth-season episode of The Simpsons entitled "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious", featuring a parody of Mary called "Shary Bobbins" who helps out the Simpson family after Marge loses her hair due to stress, and spoofs of the songs "The Perfect Nanny", "A Spoonful of Sugar", "Feed The Birds" and "The Life I Lead".

text: Never at ease with the handling of her property by Disney or the way she felt she had been treated, Travers would never again agree to another Poppins/Disney adaptation. So fervent was Travers' dislike of the Disney adaptation and of the way she felt she had been treated during the production, that when producer Cameron Mackintosh approached her about the stage musical in the 1990s, she acquiesced on the condition that he used only English-born writers and no one from the film production were to be directly involved with creating the stage musical.[51]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" – #36
AFI's 100 Years of Musicals – #6[52]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On September 14, 2015, it was reported that a new film was in development by Walt Disney Pictures. The film will take place 20 years after the first, featuring a standalone narrative based on the remaining seven books in the series. Rob Marshall has been hired to direct, while John DeLuca and Marc Platt will serve as producers.[53]


document_title: I'm Only Human

question_text: who made the song i'm only human

question_tokens: who made the song i 'm only human

root

text: I'm Only Human

text: I'm Only Human may refer to:

tag: p

text:
"I'm Only Human", an episode of Get Smart originally aired in February 1966
"I'm Only Human", a song by Rick Ross from the 2008 album Trilla

tag: ul

text: It may also refer to:

text:
"Human" (The Human League song), a 1986 song by The Human League
"Human" (Christina Perri song), a 2013 song by Christina Perri from the album Head or Heart
"Human" (Rag'n'Bone Man song), a 2016 song by Rag'n'Bone Man

text:
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title I'm Only Human.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

tag: table

text: Disambiguation pages

text: All article disambiguation pagesAll disambiguation pages


document_title: Giant kangaroo rat

question_text: when did the giant kangaroo rat become endangered

text: Giant kangaroo rat

text: Description[edit]

text: The giant kangaroo rat, is the largest of over 20 species of kangaroo rats, which are small members of the rodent family, measuring about 15 cm (5.9 in) in length, including its long, tufted tail. It is tan or brown in color. Like other kangaroo rats it has a large head and large eyes, and long, strong hind legs with which helps it hop at high speeds.

text: The giant kangaroo rat has been recently added to the endangered species list due to its habitat being severely reduced. Data was collected on its foraging behavior and social structure. Traps baited kangaroo rats with oats in them for four weeks in the summer. The animals were captured, tagged with tracking devices and set free. Results show that significantly fewer males were captured. This could have been due to the time of year at which the experiment was tested. Females were found to be more social. Studies also showed that the kangaroo rat’s den is the area in which the animal spends the most time.

text: Habitat[edit]

text: The giant kangaroo rat lives on dry, sandy grasslands and digs burrows in loose soil. It lives in colonies, and the individuals communicate with each other by drumming their feet on the ground. These foot thumping signals range from single, short thumps to long, drawn out “footrolls” that can average over 100 drums at 18 drums per second. These audible signals serve both as a warning of approaching danger, as a territorial communication, and to communicate mating status.

text: Kangaroo rats are primarily seed eaters, but also eat green plants and insects. Most giant kangaroo rats gather seeds when they are available and store them for consumption later. The seeds are put into small pits on the surface of the soil and scattered over the home range of the individual. The small pits only the content of the two cheek pouches.

text: In the spring and summer, individuals generally spend less than two hours of the night foraging above ground. They are very territorial and never leave their den for more than 15 minutes per day. The giant kangaroo rat then stores the seeds in a larder for later eating and gives birth to a litter of 1 to 7 babies, with an average of 3 per litter. It communicates with potential mates by sandbathing, where the giant kangaroo rat rubs its sides in sand, leaving behind a scent to attract mates. They live for only 2–4 years.

text: This species was declared endangered on both the federal and California state levels in the 1980s. It inhabits less than a mere 2% of its original range and can now be found only in isolated areas west of the San Joaquin Valley, including the Carrizo Plain, the Elkhorn Plain, and the Kettleman Hills. The giant kangaroo rat, like many other rodent species, lost much of its habitat as the Central Valley fell under agricultural use. Much information still needs to be obtained regarding their basic biology and compatibility with various land uses before clear directives can be made. Besides some projects currently underway in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, studies need to be conducted on populations whose range overlaps with private lands. Recovery of the giant kangaroo rat can be achieved when the three largest populations in eastern Kern County, Carrizo Plain Natural Area, and the Panoche Region along with the populations in the Kettleman Hills, San Juan Creek Valley and Cuyama Valley are protected and managed appropriately.[3]

text: The mating of the giant kangaroo rat is seasonal. During the summer, male rats go out of their normal territories and mate with neighboring female rats. During the winter, the males stay in their original burrow.

text: Endangered Dipodomys ingens populations have become more dispersed and less numerous over time. This can have major side effects to the genetic diversity of the species. D. ingens populations only cover about 3% of the territory they historically occupied. Agricultural development has severely impacted the habitats of this rodent, and restricted it to several small isolated areas. Because of this, D. ingens is at risk for genetic drift and inbreeding within smaller populations. D. ingens lives in metapopulation structures due to their habitats being taken over by humans. They are divided into several small remnant populations that are unable to disperse over larger areas because of topographical limitations. This is a larger problem for northern subpopulations of than those in the south. D. ingens is believed to be polygynous (one male, multiple females) but a common ratio between male and female partners has not yet been found. The study showed that translocation was a successful method for increasing diversity and population size of D. ingens.


document_title: The Five Love Languages

question_text: who wrote the book 5 languages of love

question_tokens: who wrote the book 5 languages of love

text: The Five Love Languages

text:
The Five Love Languages

Author
Gary Chapman

Original title
The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate

Country
United States

Language
English

Subject
Intimate relationships

Publisher
Northfield Publishing

Publication date

1995

ISBN
9781415857311

text: The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate is a 1995 book by Gary Chapman.[1] It outlines five ways to express and experience love that Chapman calls "love languages": receiving gifts, quality time, words of affirmation, acts of service (devotion), and physical touch.[2] Examples are given from his counseling practice, as well as questions to help determine one's own love languages.

text: Chapman's book claims that the list of five love languages is exhaustive.[3][4] According to this theory, each person has one primary and one secondary love language.

text: Chapman suggests that to discover another person's love language, one must observe the way they express love to others, and analyze what they complain about most often and what they request from their significant other most often. He theorizes that people tend to naturally give love in the way that they prefer to receive love, and better communication between couples can be accomplished when one can demonstrate caring to the other person in the love language the recipient understands. An example would be if a husband's love language is acts of service, he may be confused when he does the laundry for his wife and she doesn't perceive that as an act of love, viewing it as simply performing household duties, because the love language she comprehends is words of affirmation (verbal affirmation that he loves her). She may try to use what she values, words of affirmation, to express her love to him, which he would not value as much as she does. If she understands his love language and mows the lawn for him, he perceives it in his love language as an act of expressing her love for him; likewise, if he tells her he loves her, she values that as an act of love.

text: There has been a lack of research to test the validity of Chapman's model and whether it can be generalized. Egbert (2006) suggests that the Five Love Languages might have some degree of psychometric validity despite its abstract nature.[5]

text: The book has been on the New York Times Best Seller list since August 2009.[6] A new, revised edition of The Five Love Languages was released on January 1, 2015.

text: Related works[edit]

text: Since 1995, Chapman has written several books related to The Five Love Languages, including The Five Love Languages of Children in 1997 and The Five Love Languages for Singles in 2004.[7] In 2011, Chapman co-authored The 5 Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace with Dr. Paul White, applying the 5 Love Languages concepts to work-based relationships.[8] There are also special editions of the book such as The Five Love Languages: Military Edition, released in 2013, which Chapman co-authored with Jocelyn Green.


document_title: Land Rover Discovery Sport

question_text: where is the land rover discovery sport made

text: Land Rover Discovery Sport

text: Conception[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport represents the third generation of compact SUV produced by Land Rover. The first generation, the Freelander, was introduced by Land Rover in 1997 following a study that revealed market demand for an SUV smaller than the Discovery and Range Rover models. The original Freelander was developed during the period when Land Rover formed part of the Rover Group, and used engines, transmissions and other components from other Rover Group and BMW models, including the K-series petrol engines and L-Series diesel engines, and a floorpan based on that of the Austin Maestro. The BMW M47 diesel engine replaced the L-Series diesel engine in 2001, following its adaptation to suit transverse applications and off-road use.[10]

text: The Freelander 2, sold as the LR2 in North America, was introduced in 2006 during Ford's ownership of Land Rover.[11] The second generation Freelander was built on the Ford EUCD platform, using a Ford Duratorq four cylinder diesel engine, and initially the Volvo B6324S six cylinder petrol engine.[11] The six cylinder petrol engine was replaced for the 2013 model year by a more economical Ford EcoBoost four cylinder 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine. The Ford petrol and diesel four cylinder engines were carried over for the Discovery Sport's first model year.

text: The Discovery sub-brand was introduced during early 2014, with confirmation that the replacement for the Freelander 2 would be branded as the Discovery Sport worldwide. The design direction for the Discovery family was previewed at the 2014 New York International Auto Show, with Land Rover showing their Discovery Vision concept vehicle. The sub-brand will be used in the same way as Range Rover, but will be used on leisure and family orientated models, with Range Rover models focusing on the luxury market segment. It is expected the Discovery brand will expand to include three models, a full size SUV, a compact SUV and a sub-compact or crossover SUV.[6]

text: The Discovery Sport shares several design cues with the larger Discovery Vision concept, though the concept vehicle is closer in size to the current Discovery 4 model.[5]

text: Production[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport went on sale during September 2014, with first deliveries in early 2015.[6]

text: Engines[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport was initially powered by the same engine range that features in the outgoing Freelander 2 model for the first model year, the Ford EcoBoost four cylinder 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine producing 240 PS (180 kW; 240 hp) (the only engine option for North America) and the Ford Duratorq four cylinder 2.2-litre turbocharged diesel engine, producing either 150 PS (110 kW; 150 hp) or 190 PS (140 kW; 190 hp).[2][3][5][8]

text: The engines sourced from Ford were replaced by engines from Jaguar Land Rover's new Ingenium engine line from late 2015. The Ingenium family is a range of modular four cylinder turbocharged engines of 2.0-litre capacity, built around individual 500cc cylinders.[5][8][12] The family is produced in both petrol and diesel variants, and could also be produced in 3, 5 and 6 cylinder options in future, depending on demand and requirements.[12] The range was designed from the outset to accommodate different hybrid power systems, and it is expected that there will be a plug-in hybrid variant.[5][8][12]

text: The Ingenium engine range can be configured to deliver different power outputs, and the most fuel efficient Discovery Sport eD4 model is powered by a 150 PS (110 kW; 150 hp) 2.0-litre four cylinder turbocharged diesel engine in a front wheel drive only configuration.[6] This model is planned to have CO2 emissions of 119 g/km and fuel economy of up to 24.2 km/L (68 mpg‑imp; 57 mpg‑US).[5][6][8]

text: The engines in the Discovery Sport are mounted transversely, which creates additional interior space.[5]

text: Transmission[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport is manufactured with either a 9–speed ZF 9-HP automatic gearbox or a 6–speed Getrag M66EH50 manual gearbox, both of which are also available on the Range Rover Evoque.[2][5][8][13]

text: Two different all-wheel drive systems are available. The standard system is the Haldex Traction fifth generation system from BorgWarner. Optional is the new Land Rover Active Driveline system, which is manufactured by GKN Driveline and reduces parasitic load by 75% when compared with the Haldex system in an effort to increase economy and reduce CO2 emissions.[8][14][15][16] The Active Driveline system works by disconnecting all of the major all wheel drive components from the gearbox, rather than at the central coupling. The system also features torque vectoring to direct power to individual wheels.[14][15][16]

text: Neither system has a low range transfer box, although the ZF 9-HP features a special very low ratio first gear which is used only when the vehicle is off-road or otherwise needed. For on-road use, the vehicle will normally start in second gear.[8]

text: The Discovery Sport will be available in a two-wheel drive version, in which only the front wheels are driven. The Terrain Response System, which configures the vehicle for off-road use, is deleted.[8] This version will be the most fuel efficient and least polluting model in the range, and together with the more fuel efficient Jaguar XE models, will assist Jaguar Land Rover in meeting European Union emissions directives.

text: Exterior[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport was styled by Gerry McGovern, who was responsible for the design of the original Freelander model.[17] McGovern left Land Rover for Ford in 1999, before returning as Director of Advanced Design in 2004.[17] He was promoted to Design Director when Geoff Upex retired in 2006, and has been responsible for design of all three current Range Rover models. His predecessor, Upex, was responsible for the Freelander 2 design.[11]

text: The Discovery Sport features a steel monocoque, the bonnet, wings, roof and tailgate are made from aluminium and a panoramic glass sunroof is available either as standard or as an optional extra depending on model variant.[6][8] A powered tailgate can also be specified as an option, featuring remote control operation.[2]

text: In certain markets, the bonnet is fitted with an airbag to improve pedestrian survivability in the event of a collision. The airbag is mounted in a panel at the trailing edge of the bonnet panel and protects a pedestrian's head from striking the base of the windscreen.[8]

text: Chassis[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport is of unibody construction, unlike the larger full size Discovery model which features a traditional body-on-frame.[8] The platform used for the Discovery Sport is the Land Rover LR-MS platform, shared with the Range Rover Evoque and derived from the Ford EUCD platform, but with 90% of components redesigned from scratch to meet Land Rover's specific demands, primarily related to off-road use.[6][18]

text: The Discovery Sport includes further changes to the platform in comparison with the Evoque, with a new compact multi-link suspension design to permit the folding rear seats and spare wheel well in the boot space, without requiring an unduly high and impractical load floor.[5][6][8] The front suspension is a MacPherson strut design carried over from the Range Rover Evoque largely unchanged, and features steel lower and aluminium upper control arms.[5][6][8]

text: Off-road performance remains broadly similar to the Freelander 2 model, ground clearance is 212 millimetres (8.3 in), the same as the Freelander 2 and wading depth is 600 millimetres (2.0 ft), an improvement of 100 millimetres (3.9 in).[6][8] The approach angle for the Discovery Sport is 25° and the ramp angle is 21°, reductions of 6° and 2° respectively, when compared to the Freelander 2. The departure angle remains unchanged at 31°. The Discovery Sport features removable components on the lower sections of the front bumper which improves the approach angle.[8]

text: The braking system comprises disc brakes all round, with 325 millimetres (12.8 in) discs at the front and 300 millimetres (12 in) at the rear, the brakes are servo assisted and an anti-lock braking system (ABS) is fitted.[8] The braking system also features an emergency brake force assistance system to reduce stopping distances in an emergency, stability aides, and an autonomous emergency braking system.[6] The Discovery Sport, when tested by Euro NCAP in December 2014, was awarded a five star safety rating, and based on its score, was ranked as the safest vehicle in its class, the Small Off-Road class.[19]

text: Electric power steering is fitted, with 2.43 turns lock to lock and a turning circle of 11.86 metres (38.9 ft).[8] The electric power steering system allows the Discovery Sport to feature an automatic parking system.[6]

text: The Discovery Sport will initially be sold with alloy wheels ranging from 18 inches (460 mm) to 20 inches (510 mm) in diameter. Various emergency spare wheels options are available depending on vehicle configuration: a full-size spare wheel mounted internally under the floor of the trunk,[8] or if the 5+2 seating option is fitted it will be a 'space-saver' spare wheel mounted on the underside of the car, directly under the boot. It is not possible to have a factory-fitted tow bar with a spare wheel on 5+2 seat vehicles as they mount in the same place under the vehicle, so a tyre repair system of sealant and a compressor is supplied instead.

text: Interior[edit]

text: The interior of the Discovery Sport is available in a seven-seat (referred to as five plus two) configuration, with the front row featuring two seats and three seats on the second row.[6][8] The second row seats slide and recline, and fold in a 60:40 configuration, folding forward to allow access to a third row of two seats where fitted.[5][6] The third row of seats are not intended for full-time usage, and are described by Land Rover as being suitable for children up to the age of 15 and occasional adult use.[5][8] They fold flat into the floor of the trunk when not in use. Isofix mounting points for child safety seats are fitted as standard.[2]

text: The central console features an 8 inches (20 cm) touch screen allowing access to in car entertainment, satellite navigation and vehicle settings.[5][6][8] The system, shared with the Jaguar XE, allows smartphone connectivity and some models will allow the owner to control the vehicle remotely, pre-heating the interior or unlocking the car using a smartphone application.

text: Production[edit]

text: The Discovery Sport is manufactured at the Jaguar Land Rover Halewood Body & Assembly facility, in Halewood, Liverpool, United Kingdom, alongside the Range Rover Evoque.[8]

text: Engines supplied by Ford are manufactured at two sites - the Duratorq diesel engine is manufactured at the Ford Dagenham plant in the United Kingdom, the Ecoboost petrol engine is manufactured at the Ford Valencia Plant in Spain.[20][21] The Jaguar Land Rover Ingenium engines, which will replace the Ford sourced engines later in 2015, will be manufactured at Jaguar Land Rover's Engine Manufacturing Centre in Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.[12]

text: Transmissions for the Discovery Sport will be manufactured by ZF at their Gray Court, South Carolina facility, and by Getrag Ford Transmissions at their Cologne, Germany plant.[22] Four wheel drive components are manufactured by Haldex in Landskrona, Sweden or by GKN in Köping, Sweden and Birmingham, United Kingdom.[14]

text: Worldwide Sales[edit]

text: In 2016 it became the best selling Land Rover model.

text:
Year
Sales

2014
83

2015
69,501

2016
122,460

Total
192,044


document_title: Place de la Bastille

question_text: when was the place de la bastille built

question_tokens: when was the place de la bastille built

text: Place de la Bastille

text: History[edit]

text: Early history of the Bastille[edit]

text: The Bastille was built between 1370 and 1383 during the reign of King Charles V as part of the defenses of Paris, the structure was converted into a state prison in the 17th century by Richelieu, who was king Louis XIII's chief minister. At that time it primarily housed political prisoners, but also religious prisoners, "seditious" writers, and young rakes held at the request of their families. It began to acquire a poor reputation when it became the main prison for those taken under lettres de cachet issued by the King of France.

text: By the late 18th century, the building was made up of eight close-packed towers, around 24 m (80 ft) high, surrounding two courtyards and the armoury. The prisoners were held within the 5-7 story towers, each having a room around 4.6 m (15 ft) across and containing various articles of furniture. The infamous cachots (dungeons), the oozing, vermin-infested subterranean cells were no longer in use, since the respective reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI, who both worked on reforming the penal system in France. The governor of the prison was given a daily allowance per prisoner, the amount depending on their status—from nineteen livres per diem for scientists and academics down to three for commoners. In terms of standards, there were many worse prisons in France, including the dreaded Bicêtre, also in Paris. However, in terms of popular literary accounts, the Bastille was a place of horror and oppression, a symbol of autocratic cruelty.

text: Storming of the Bastille[edit]

text: The confrontation between the commoners and the Ancien Régime ultimately led to the people of Paris storming the Bastille on July 14, 1789, following several days of disturbances. At this point, the prison was nearly empty, with only seven inmates: four counterfeiters, two madmen, and a young aristocrat who had displeased his father. The regular garrison consisted of about 80 'invalides' (veteran soldiers no longer capable of service in the field) under Governor Bernard-René de Launay. They had however been reinforced by a detachment of 32 grenadiers from one of the Swiss mercenary regiments summoned to Paris by the Monarchy shortly before 14 July.

text: A crowd of around 600 people gathered outside around mid-morning, calling for the surrender of the prison, the removal of the guns and the release of the arms and gunpowder. Two people chosen to represent those gathered were invited into the fortress and slow negotiations began.

text: In the early afternoon, the crowd broke into the undefended outer courtyard and the chains on the drawbridge to the inner courtyard were cut. A spasmodic exchange of gunfire began; in mid-afternoon the crowd was reinforced by mutinous Gardes Françaises of the Royal Army and two cannons. De Launay ordered a ceasefire; despite his surrender demands being refused, he capitulated and the victors swept in to liberate the fortress at around 5:30.

text: Later history[edit]

text: On 16 June 1792, the area occupied by the Bastille was turned into a square celebrating liberty, and a column would be erected there. The first stone was laid by Palloy; however, construction never took place, and a fountain was built instead in 1793.

text: In 1808, as part of several urban improvement projects for Paris, Napoléon planned to have a monument in the shape of an elephant built here, the Elephant of the Bastille. It was designed to be 24 m (78 ft) in height, and to be cast from the bronze of cannons taken from the Spanish. Access to the top was to be achieved by a stairway set in one of the legs. However, only a full-scale plaster model was built. Victor Hugo immortalized the monument in the novel Les Misérables where it is used as a shelter by Gavroche. The monument was demolished in 1846.

text: In 1833, Louis-Philippe decided to build the July Column as originally planned in 1792. It was inaugurated in 1840.

text: The area today[edit]

text: The former location of the fort is currently called Place de la Bastille. It is home to the Opéra Bastille. The large ditch (fossé) behind the fort has been transformed into a marina for pleasure boats, the Bassin de l'Arsenal, to the south, which is bordered by the Boulevard de la Bastille. To the north, a covered canal, the Canal Saint-Martin, extends north from the marina beneath the vehicular roundabout that borders the location of the fort, and then continues for about 4.4 kilometers to the Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad.

text: On Thursdays and Sundays, a large, open-air market occupies part of the park to the north of the Place de la Bastille, along the Boulevard Richard-Lenoir. Consumers can find fresh fruit, fish, meat, cheese and bread along with clothing and typical flea market items.

text: Some undemolished remains of one tower of the fort were discovered during excavation for the Métro (rail mass-transit system) in 1899, and were moved to a park (the Square Henri-Galli) a few hundred metres away, where they are displayed today. The original outline of the fort is also marked on the pavement of streets and pathways that pass over its former location, in the form of special paving stones. A café and some other businesses largely occupy the location of the fort, and the Rue Saint-Antoine passes directly over it as it opens onto the roundabout of the Bastille.


document_title: List of Oklahoma Sooners bowl games

question_text: who did oklahoma play in the bowl game this year

text: List of Oklahoma Sooners bowl games

text:
Oklahoma Sooners

First season
1895

Bowl record
29–20–1 (.590)

BCS bowl appearances
9 (Rose, Fiesta, Orange, Sugar, BCS NCG)

BCS bowl record
4-5

CFP Playoff appearances
1 (2015)

CFP Playoff record
0-1

First bowl appearance
1939 Orange Bowl, L 17−0

Last bowl appearance
2017 Sugar Bowl, W 35−19

Longest win streak
4 (1954-1959, 1972-1976, 1979-1981)

Longest losing streak
3 (2007-2009)

Most bowl appearances
19 (Orange Bowl)

text: The Oklahoma Sooners college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing the University of Oklahoma in the Big 12 Conference. Since the establishment of the team in 1895, OU has appeared in 50 bowl games and has a record of 29 victories, 20 losses, and one tie.[1] Oklahoma is one of only two schools to have appeared in all five of the BCS bowl games (2001 Orange, 2003 Rose, 2004 Sugar, 2007 Fiesta, 2009 BCS NCG), with the other being Ohio State.[2]

text: Bowl games[edit]

text:
List of bowl games

#
Bowl[1]
Score
Date
Season
Opponent
Stadium
Location
Attendance[1]
Head coach

1
Orange Bowl
L 01 !L 0–17
000000001939-01-02-0000January 2, 1939
1938
Tennessee
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
32,191
Stidham, TomTom Stidham

2
Gator Bowl
W 02 !W 34–12
000000001947-01-01-0000January 1, 1947
1946
NC State
Fairfield Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida
10,034
Tatum, JimJim Tatum

3
Sugar Bowl
W 03 !W 14–6
000000001949-01-01-0000January 1, 1949
1948
North Carolina
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana
80,383
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

4
Sugar Bowl
W 04 !W 35–0
000000001950-01-02-0000January 2, 1950
1949
LSU
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana
82,000
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

5
Sugar Bowl
L 05 !L 7–13
000000001951-01-01-0000January 1, 1951
1950
Kentucky
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana
80,206
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

6
Orange Bowl
W 06 !W 7–0
000000001954-01-01-0000January 1, 1954
1953
Maryland
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
68,640
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

7
Orange Bowl
W 07 !W 20–6
000000001956-01-02-0000January 2, 1956
1955
Maryland
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
75,561
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

8
Orange Bowl
W 08 !W 48–21
000000001958-01-01-0000January 1, 1958
1957
Duke
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
76,561
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

9
Orange Bowl
W 09 !W 21–6
000000001959-01-01-0000January 1, 1959
1958
Syracuse
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
75,281
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

10
Orange Bowl
L 10 !L 0–17
000000001963-01-01-0000January 1, 1963
1962
Alabama
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
73,380
Wilkinson, BudBud Wilkinson

11
Gator Bowl
L 11 !L 19–36
000000001965-01-02-0000January 2, 1965
1964
Florida State
Gator Bowl Stadium
Miami, Florida
50,408
Jones, GomerGomer Jones

12
Orange Bowl
W 12 !W 26–24
000000001968-01-01-0000January 1, 1968
1967
Tennessee
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
77,993
Fairbanks, ChuckChuck Fairbanks

13
Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
L 13 !L 27–28
000000001968-12-31-0000December 31, 1968
1968
SMU
Rice Stadium
Houston, Texas
53,453
Fairbanks, ChuckChuck Fairbanks

14
Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
T 14 !T 24–24
000000001970-12-31-0000December 31, 1970
1970
Alabama
Houston Astrodome
Houston, Texas
53,822
Fairbanks, ChuckChuck Fairbanks

15
Sugar Bowl
W 15 !W 40–22
000000001972-01-01-0000January 1, 1972
1971
Auburn
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana
84,031
Fairbanks, ChuckChuck Fairbanks

16
Sugar Bowl
W 16 !W 14–0
000000001972-12-31-0000December 31, 1972
1972
Penn State
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana
72,316
Fairbanks, ChuckChuck Fairbanks

17
Orange Bowl
W 17 !W 14–6
000000001976-01-01-0000January 1, 1976
1975
Michigan
Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
80,307
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

18
Fiesta Bowl
W 18 !W 41–7
000000001976-12-25-0000December 25, 1976
1976
Wyoming
Sun Devil Stadium
Tempe, Arizona
46,315
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

19
Orange Bowl
L 19 !L 6–31
000000001978-01-01-0000January 1, 1978
1977
Arkansas
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
69,500
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

20
Orange Bowl
W 20 !W 31–24
000000001979-01-01-0000January 1, 1979
1978
Nebraska
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
66,635
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

21
Orange Bowl
W 21 !W 24–7
000000001980-01-01-0000January 1, 1980
1979
Florida State
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
66,714
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

22
Orange Bowl
W 22 !W 18–17
000000001981-01-01-0000January 1, 1981
1980
Florida State
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
71,043
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

23
Sun Bowl
W 23 !W 40–14
000000001981-12-26-0000December 26, 1981
1981
Houston
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso, Texas
33,816
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

24
Fiesta Bowl
L 24 !L 21–32
000000001983-01-01-0000January 1, 1983
1982
Arizona State
Sun Devil Stadium
Tempe, Arizona
70,553
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

25
Orange Bowl
L 25 !L 17–28
000000001985-01-01-0000January 1, 1985
1984
Washington
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
56,294
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

26
Orange Bowl
W 26 !W 25–10
000000001986-01-01-0000January 1, 1986
1985
Penn State
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
74,178
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

27
Orange Bowl
W 27 !W 42–8
000000001987-01-01-0000January 1, 1987
1986
Arkansas
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
57,291
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

28
Orange Bowl
L 28 !L 14–20
000000001988-01-01-0000January 1, 1988
1987
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida
74,760
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

29
Citrus Bowl
L 29 !L 6–13
000000001989-01-02-0000January 2, 1989
1988
Clemson
Citrus Bowl
Orlando, Florida
53,571
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer

30
Gator Bowl
W 30 !W 48–14
000000001991-12-29-0000December 29, 1991
1991
Virginia
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida
62,003
Gibbs, GaryGary Gibbs

31
John Hancock Bowl
W 31 !W 41–10
000000001993-12-24-0000December 24, 1993
1993
Texas Tech
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso, Texas
43,848
Gibbs, GaryGary Gibbs

32
Copper Bowl
L 32 !L 6–31
000000001994-12-29-0000December 29, 1994
1994
BYU
Arizona Stadium
Tucson, Arizona
45,122
Gibbs, GaryGary Gibbs

33
Independence Bowl
L 33 !L 25–27
000000001999-12-31-0000December 31, 1999
1999
Ole Miss
Independence Stadium
Shreveport, Louisiana
49,843
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

34
Orange Bowl
W 34 !W 13–2
000000002001-01-01-0000January 1, 2001
2000
Florida State
Pro Player Stadium
Miami Gardens, Florida
76,835
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

35
Cotton Bowl
W 35 !W 10–3
000000002002-01-01-0000January 1, 2002
2001
Arkansas
Cotton Bowl
Dallas, Texas
72,955
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

36
Rose Bowl
W 36 !W 34–14
000000002003-01-01-0000January 1, 2003
2002
Washington State
Rose Bowl
Pasadena, California
86,848
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

37
Sugar Bowl
L 37 !L 14–21
000000002004-01-04-0000January 4, 2004
2003
LSU
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana
79,342
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

38
Orange Bowl
L 38 !L 19–55
000000002005-01-04-0000January 4, 2005
2004
USC
Pro Player Stadium
Miami Gardens, Florida
77,912
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

39
Holiday Bowl
W 39 !W 17–14
000000002005-12-29-0000December 29, 2005
2005
Oregon
Qualcomm Stadium
San Diego, California
65,416
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

40
Fiesta Bowl
L 40 !L 42–43
000000002007-01-01-0000January 1, 2007
2006
Boise State
University of Phoenix Stadium
Glendale, Arizona
73,719
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

41
Fiesta Bowl
L 41 !L 28–48
000000002008-01-02-0000January 2, 2008
2007
West Virginia
University of Phoenix Stadium
Glendale, Arizona
70,016
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

42
BCS NCG
L 42 !L 14–24
000000002009-01-08-0000January 8, 2009
2008
Florida
Dolphin Stadium
Miami Gardens, Florida
70,016
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

43
Sun Bowl
W43 !W 31–27
000000002009-12-31-0000December 31, 2009
2009
Stanford
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso, Texas
53,713
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

44
Fiesta Bowl
W 44 !W 25–48
000000002011-01-01-0000January 1, 2011
2010
Connecticut
University of Phoenix Stadium
Glendale, Arizona
67,232
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

45
Insight Bowl
W 45 !W 31–14
000000002011-12-30-0000December 30, 2011
2011
Iowa
Sun Devil Stadium
Tempe, Arizona
54,247
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

46
Cotton Bowl
L 46 !L 13–41
000000002013-01-04-0000January 4, 2013
2012
Texas A&M
Cowboys Stadium
Arlington, Texas
87,025
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

47
Sugar Bowl
w 47 !W 45–31
000000002014-01-02-0000January 2, 2014
2013
Alabama
Mercedes-Benz Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana
70,473
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

48
Russell Athletic Bowl
L 48 !L 6–40
000000002014-12-29-0000December 29, 2014
2014
Clemson
Orlando Citrus Bowl Stadium
Orlando, Florida
42,702
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

49
Orange Bowl
L 49 !L 17–37
000000002015-12-31-0000December 31, 2015
2015
Clemson
Sun Life Stadium
Miami Gardens, Florida
67,615
Stoops, BobBob Stoops

50
Sugar Bowl
W 50 !W 35–19
000000002017-01-02-0000January 2, 2017
2016
Auburn
Mercedes-Benz Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana
54,077
Stoops, BobBob Stoops