document_title: List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series

question_text: when is the defenders going to be released on netflix

text: ABC series[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Showrunner(s)
Status

Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

1
22
September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24)
May 13, 2014 (2014-05-13)
Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell[1]
Released

2
22
September 23, 2014 (2014-09-23)
May 12, 2015 (2015-05-12)

3
22
September 29, 2015 (2015-09-29)
May 17, 2016 (2016-05-17)

4
22
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16)

5
22[2]
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)[3]
TBA
Filming

Marvel's Agent Carter

1
8
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24)
Tara Butters, Michele Fazekas, and Chris Dingess[4]
Released

2
10
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)
March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)

Marvel's Inhumans

1
8[5]
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)[a]
TBA
Scott Buck[7]
Airing

text: Jump up ^ A version of the first two episodes debuted in IMAX theaters on September 1, 2017, and ran for two weeks, before their television premiere on ABC on September 29.[6]

tag: ol

text: Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013–)[edit]

text: Agent Phil Coulson assembles a small team of S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division) agents to handle strange new cases.[8] After discovering that Project Centipede and their leader, "The Clairvoyant", were affiliated with Hydra, a terrorist organization, Coulson and his team must deal with Hydra members still at large following Hydra's infiltration of, and the destruction of, S.H.I.E.L.D., while also looking to restore trust from the government and public.[9] In the wake of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s wars with Hydra and the Inhumans, a race of superhumans, Coulson begins a secret mission to protect the world from new threats.[10] After the defeat of the Inhuman Hive and with Hydra destroyed, S.H.I.E.L.D. is made a legitimate organization once again, with Coulson returning to being a field agent, and is tasked with tracking down more enhanced people–including Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider–while Agent Leo Fitz and Dr. Holden Radcliffe complete their work on Life Model Decoys.[11] Coulson and members of his team are eventually abducted to deep space, where they must try and save humanity while figuring out how to get home.[3]

text: In August 2012, ABC ordered a pilot for a show called S.H.I.E.L.D., to be written by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, and directed by Joss Whedon.[12] On April 6, 2013, ABC announced that the show would be titled Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.,[13] and it was officially ordered to series on May 10, 2013.[14] Jed Whedon, Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell act as the series' showrunners,[1] while Clark Gregg reprises his role from the films as Phil Coulson.[15] The series was renewed for a second season on May 8, 2014,[16] a third on May 7, 2015,[17] a fourth on March 3, 2016,[18] and a fifth on May 11, 2017.[19]

text: The first season, which premiered on September 24, 2013,[20] aired episodes that directly relate to events in the films Thor: The Dark World and Captain America: The Winter Soldier.[21][22] The revelation in Captain America: The Winter Soldier that S.H.I.E.L.D. had been infiltrated by Hydra had a huge impact on the series. Regarding the synergy the show had with addressing events from the film, Loeb said, "It's an extremely unique experience that doesn't exist anywhere else out there in the entertainment business."[23] The second season, which premiered on September 23, 2014,[24] introduces Inhumans to the MCU,[25] ahead of their own television series.[26] Additionally, a recurring plot point in the first two seasons involved the body of a member of the Kree race, who play a significant role in Guardians of the Galaxy.[27] The third season, which premiered on September 29, 2015,[28] introduces the concept of the Secret Warriors, with new Inhuman characters inspired by the comic of the same name,[29][30] as well as Life Model Decoys.[31] The fourth season, which premiered on September 20, 2016,[32] sees Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider introduced to the MCU,[33] and ties to the second season of Agent Carter and Doctor Strange.[34][35] The fifth season is scheduled to premiere on December 1, 2017.[3]

text: In the first season, Samuel L. Jackson,[36] Cobie Smulders,[37] Maximiliano Hernández,[38] Titus Welliver[39] and Jaimie Alexander[40] all reprise their roles as Nick Fury, Maria Hill, Jasper Sitwell, Felix Blake, and Sif, respectively, from previous MCU films and One-Shots. In the second season, Alexander and Smulders return,[41][42] while Hayley Atwell,[43] Neal McDonough, Kenneth Choi,[44] and Henry Goodman[45][46] also reprise their roles as Peggy Carter, Timothy "Dum Dum" Dugan, Jim Morita, and List, respectively, from previous MCU films. In the third season, William Sadler reprises his role as Matthew Ellis from the MCU films,[47] and Powers Boothe recurs as his previously unnamed The Avengers character, Gideon Malick.[48]

text: Marvel's Agent Carter (2015–16)[edit]

text: In 1946, Peggy Carter must balance the routine office work she does for the Strategic Scientific Reserve while secretly assisting Howard Stark, who finds himself framed for supplying deadly weapons to enemies of the United States. Carter is assisted by Stark's butler, Edwin Jarvis, to find those responsible and dispose of the weapons.[49][50] Carter eventually moves from New York City to Los Angeles to deal with the threats of the new atomic age in the wake of World War II, gaining new friends, a new home and potential new love.[51]

text: By September 2013, Marvel was developing a series inspired by the Agent Carter One-Shot, featuring Peggy Carter,[52] and in January 2014, the series was confirmed to be in development, with the script for a potential pilot to be written by Captain America: The First Avenger and Captain America: The Winter Soldier writers Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely.[53] On May 8, 2014, ABC officially ordered Marvel's Agent Carter to series.[16] Tara Butters, Michele Fazekas and Chris Dingess act as showrunners on the series,[4][53] while Hayley Atwell reprises her role from the films as Peggy Carter.[53] The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2015,[17] and was officially canceled by ABC on May 12, 2016.[54]

text: The first season, which premiered on January 6, 2015,[55] introduces the origins of the Black Widow and Winter Soldier programs, which both appear in several MCU films.[56][57][58] The second season, which premiered on January 19, 2016,[59] features the Darkforce, which ties to the character Marcus Daniels in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Doctor Strange.[60]

text: In the first season, Dominic Cooper reprise his role of Howard Stark from Captain America: The First Avenger.[61] James D'Arcy portrays Edwin Jarvis,[62] Stark's butler in the series who eventually serves as inspiration for Tony Stark's artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S.[63] Costa Ronin portrays a young Anton Vanko, the co-creator of the arc reactor with Stark.[64] Chris Evans appears as Steve Rogers / Captain America via archive footage from The First Avenger.[65] McDonough and Toby Jones reprise their roles as Dugan and Arnim Zola, respectively.[66][67] In the second season, Cooper returns to reprise his role.[68]

text: Marvel's Inhumans (2017)[edit]

text: After a military coup, the Inhuman Royal Family, led by Black Bolt, escape to Hawaii where they must save themselves and the world.[69]

text: In November 2016, Marvel Television and IMAX Corporation announced Marvel's Inhumans, to be produced in conjunction with ABC Studios.[26][70] The series' first two episodes were filmed entirely on IMAX digital cameras,[71] and premiered on IMAX screens on September 1, 2017, for two weeks.[6] ABC will then broadcast the series weekly starting with the first two episodes on September 29, 2017,[6] with the network airing of the first two episodes featuring exclusive content, outside of the versions screened on IMAX.[26] Select action sequences in the rest of the series were also shot on IMAX.[71] The series was neither intended to be a reworking of the planned film from Marvel Studios, nor a spin-off from Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.[5] Ben Sherwood, president of Disney–ABC Television Group, added that "We’ve worked very carefully with our friends at Marvel Studios—and this is a critical point—to make sure that calendar-wise and content-wise we are only enhancing" the MCU; the theatrical debut of the series was timed to not interfere with the release of any Marvel Studios films.[72] In December 2016, Scott Buck was announced as showrunner and executive producer for the series.[7] In February 2017, Anson Mount was cast as Black Bolt.[70] Filming began in March 2017 in Hawaii,[73] and concluded in June.[74]

text: Netflix series[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Episodes
Originally released
Showrunner(s)
Status

Marvel's Daredevil

1
13
April 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)
Steven S. DeKnight[75]
Released

2
13
March 18, 2016 (2016-03-18)
Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez[76]

3[77]
TBA
TBA
Pre-production

Marvel's Jessica Jones

1
13
November 20, 2015 (2015-11-20)
Melissa Rosenberg[78]
Released

2
13[79]
2018 (2018)[80]
Preparing for release

Marvel's Luke Cage

1
13
September 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)
Cheo Hodari Coker[81]
Released

2
13[82]
2018 (2018)[83]
Filming

Marvel's Iron Fist

1
13
March 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)
Scott Buck[84]
Released

2[85]
TBA
TBA
Raven Metzner[86]
In development

Marvel's The Defenders

1
8
August 18, 2017 (2017-08-18)
Marco Ramirez[87]
Released

Marvel's The Punisher

1
13[88]
2017 (2017)[89]
Steve Lightfoot[90]
Preparing for release

text: By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest.[91] That November, it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live-action series based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders.[92]

text: Marvel's Daredevil (2015–)[edit]

text: Lawyer-by-day Matt Murdock uses his heightened senses from being blinded as a young boy to fight crime at night on the streets of Hell’s Kitchen as Daredevil, juxtaposed with the rise of crime lord Wilson Fisk.[93] Murdock eventually crosses paths with Frank Castle / Punisher, a vigilante with far deadlier methods, and sees the return of his old girlfriend, Elektra Natchios.[94][95]

text: In December 2013, Marvel confirmed that Drew Goddard would be the executive producer and showrunner for Daredevil, and would write and direct the first episode,[96] though at the end of May 2014, it was announced that Goddard would no longer be the showrunner for the series, being replaced by Steven S. DeKnight. Goddard, who wrote the first two episodes, remained with the show as an executive producer. It was also revealed that the series would be titled Marvel's Daredevil.[75] A few days later, Charlie Cox was cast as Daredevil.[97] A second season was ordered on April 21, 2015, with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez taking over as showrunners from DeKnight, who could not return to the series due to a prior commitment.[76] A third season was ordered in July 2016.[77]

text: The first season, which debuted in its entirety on April 10, 2015,[98] features references to The Avengers and the Battle of New York,[99] as well as mentioning Carl "Crusher" Creel, who appears on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.[100] The insignia for the Iron Fist antagonist Steel Serpent is also seen in the season.[101] The second season, which premiered on March 18, 2016,[102] features the motorcycle gang Dogs of Hell, who appeared on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.,[103] along with numerous references to the events of the first season of Jessica Jones.[104][105][106]

text: In the second season, Jon Bernthal was cast in a leading role as Frank Castle / Punisher,[107] before headlining his own series,[90] while Michelle Hurd and Carrie-Anne Moss reprise their roles of Samantha Reyes and Jeri Hogarth from Jessica Jones.[105][106]

text: Marvel's Jessica Jones (2015–)[edit]

text: Former superhero Jessica Jones, who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, opens her own detective agency to help people.[108]

text: In November 2013, Melissa Rosenberg was announced to write and executive produce the series,[78] and the following March, Loeb stated that filming would begin after Daredevil.[109] In December 2014, Krysten Ritter was cast as Jessica Jones in the series,[110] officially titled Marvel's Jessica Jones.[111] A second season was ordered on January 17, 2016.[79]

text: The first season, which debuted in its entirety on November 20, 2015,[112] features references to the events and characters of The Avengers.[113] The second season is scheduled to debut in 2018.[80] In the first season, Mike Colter was cast as Luke Cage,[114] a recurring role in the series before headlining his own series.[108] Rosario Dawson reprises her Daredevil role of Claire Temple,[115] as does Royce Johnson in his role of Brett Mahoney.[116]

text: Marvel's Luke Cage (2016–)[edit]

text: When a sabotaged experiment gives him super strength and unbreakable skin, Luke Cage becomes a fugitive attempting to rebuild his life in Harlem, and must soon confront his past and fight a battle for the heart of his city.[117]

text: Colter reprises his role as Carl Lucas / Luke Cage in his own series,[108][114][118] titled Marvel's Luke Cage.[81] In March 2014, Loeb stated that the series would begin filming after Iron Fist, being the fourth of the individual series.[109] By March 2015, it was instead slated to be the third of the individual series, beginning production after Jessica Jones.[76][119] The series was switched with Iron Fist after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones, becoming that series' breakout star and Marvel wanting to "follow the momentum".[120] Also in March, Cheo Hodari Coker was announced as showrunner and executive producer of the series.[81] A second season was ordered on December 3, 2016.[121]

text: The first season, which premiered on September 30, 2016,[122] features references to The Avengers, the second season of Daredevil, the first season of Jessica Jones, and a flier for Colleen Wing's martial arts class, and mentions Justin Hammer, Wilson Fisk and Frank Castle.[123] Dawson,[124] Rob Morgan, Rachel Taylor, Stephen Rider,[123] Parisa Fitz-Henley,[125] and Danny Johnson[126] reprise their roles as Claire Temple, Turk Barrett, Trish Walker, Blake Tower, Reva Connors and Ben Donovan in the series, respectively.

text: The second season is scheduled to premiere in 2018.[83] Finn Jones will reprise his role as Danny Rand in the season.[127]

text: Marvel's Iron Fist (2017–)[edit]

text: Danny Rand returns to New York City, after being missing for fifteen years, to reclaim his family company. However, when a threat emerges, Rand must choose between his family's legacy and his duties as the Iron Fist.[128]

text: In March 2014, Loeb initially stated that the series would begin filming after Jessica Jones as the third of the individual series.[109] By March 2015, it was expected to be the fourth of the individual series, entering production following Luke Cage.[76][119] The series was switched with Luke Cage after the positive reception Luke Cage received on Jessica Jones, becoming that series' breakout star and Marvel wanting to "follow the momentum".[120] In April 2015, the title of the series was revealed to be Marvel's Iron Fist.[76] In December 2015, Marvel announced that Scott Buck would serve as showrunner and executive producer of the series.[84] In February 2016, Finn Jones was cast as Rand.[129][130] A second season was revealed to be in development in July 2017,[85] with Raven Metzner announced as the new showrunner for the season, replacing Buck.[86]

text: The first season, which premiered on March 17, 2017,[128] makes references to the events of The Avengers, the Hulk, Stark Industries, Jessica Jones, Daredevil, Luke Cage, and Seagate Prison,[131] and mentions the Dogs of Hell biker gang, New York Bulletin editor-in-chief Mitchell Ellison and reporter Karen Page,[132] Roxxon Oil and Midland Circle.[133][134] Events from the second season of Daredevil are also noted throughout.[131][134] Moss,[135] Dawson,[136] Wai Ching Ho,[137] Marquis Rodriguez,[138] Tijuana Ricks, and Suzanne H. Smart reprise their roles as Jeri Hogarth, Claire Temple, Gao, Darryl, Thembi Wallace, and Shirley Benson, respectively, in the series.

text: The second season will see Simone Missick reprise her role as Misty Knight.[85]

text: Marvel's The Defenders (2017)[edit]

text: The superheroes Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist team-up in New York City.[84]

text: The Defenders sees Cox, Ritter, Colter, and Jones reprise their roles as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Danny Rand / Iron Fist, respectively, from the previous television series.[139] In March 2014, Loeb stated that the miniseries, officially titled Marvel's The Defenders, would begin filming after Iron Fist.[140][109][119] In April 2016, Marvel announced that Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez would act as showrunners for The Defenders.[140] However, by the start of filming in New York City in October 2016,[141][142] Petrie had left the series as co-showrunner.[87] Filming concluded in March 2017.[143] The eight-episode event premiered on August 18, 2017.[144][145]

text: The miniseries also sees many supporting characters from the individual series reprise their roles, including, Deborah Ann Woll,[146] Elden Henson,[147] Scott Glenn,[148] Élodie Yung,[149] Eka Darville,[150] Moss,[147] Taylor,[148] Simone Missick,[151] Jessica Henwick,[152] Dawson,[148] Ho,[153] Ramón Rodríguez,[154] Peter McRobbie,[155] Morgan,[156] Amy Rutberg, Susan Varon, and Nichole Yannetty as Karen Page, Franklin "Foggy" Nelson, Stick, Elektra Natchios, Malcolm Ducasse, Jeri Hogarth, Trish Walker, Misty Knight, Colleen Wing, Claire Temple, Gao, Bakuto, Lantom, Turk Barrett, Marci Stahl, Josie and Nicole, respectively. Midland Circle, which was referenced in previous Netflix series,[157][158] is revealed to be an operation of the Hand, who bought the building to search for the life substance hidden beneath the property.[158] The miniseries also references the events of The Avengers.[156]

text: Marvel's The Punisher[edit]

text: Frank Castle is haunted and hunted after the murder of his family and becomes a vigilante known in the criminal underworld as "the Punisher", who aims to fight crime by any means necessary.[90][159]

text: By January 2016, ahead of the debut of Bernthal as armed vigilante Frank Castle / Punisher in the second season of Daredevil, Netflix was in "very early development" on a spin-off series titled The Punisher, and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle, and was described as a stand-alone series, outside of the series leading up to The Defenders.[160][161][162] Loeb implied that Marvel Television had not instigated the development of the spin-off and were focusing on making "the best 13 episodes of Daredevil season two" at the time, but did say, "I’m never going to discourage a network from looking at one of our characters and encouraging us to do more....If we are lucky enough that through the writing, through the direction, through the actor that people want to see more of that person, terrific."[163] In April 2016, Marvel and Netflix ordered The Punisher, along with confirming Bernthal's involvement and naming Steve Lightfoot as showrunner.[90] Filming began in Brooklyn, New York in October 2016,[164] and concluded in April 2017.[165] The series is set to be released in 2017.[89]

text: Woll and Morgan reprise their roles as Karen Page and Turk Barrett, respectively.[166][167]

text: Hulu series[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Showrunner(s)
Status

Marvel's Runaways

1
10
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)[168]
TBA
Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage
Filming

text: Marvel's Runaways[edit]

text: When six teenagers discover their parents are villains, they reluctantly unite to go against them.[169]

text: In August 2016, Marvel announced Marvel's Runaways had received a pilot order, along with additional scripts, from the streaming service Hulu, based on the team of the same name. The pilot is written by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, who also serve as executive producers and showrunners of the series.[169] In February 2017, Marvel announced the cast of the Runaways, with Rhenzy Feliz as Alex Wilder, Lyrica Okano as Nico Minoru, Virginia Gardner as Karolina Dean, Ariela Barer as Gert Yorkes, Gregg Sulkin as Chase Stein, and Allegra Acosta as Molly Hernandez.[170] Shortly after, they announced the cast of the Pride, the parents of the Runaways, with Randy Sands as Geoffrey Wilder, Angel Parker as Catherine Wilder, Brittany Ishibashi as Tina Minoru, James Yaegashi as Robert Minoru, Kevin Weisman as Dale Yorkes, Brigid Brannagh as Stacey Yorkes, Annie Wersching as Leslie Dean, Kip Pardue as Frank Dean, James Marsters as Victor Stein, and Ever Carradine as Janet Stein.[171] Hulu ordered the series in May 2017.[172] Filming began in Los Angeles in February 2017.[173][174] The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, is set to premiere on November 21, 2017.[168]

text: Tina Minoru previously appeared in Doctor Strange, in a minor role as a Master of the Mystic Arts portrayed by Linda Louise Duan.[175][176][177]

text: Freeform series[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Showrunner(s)
Status

Marvel's Cloak & Dagger

1
10[178]
2018 (2018)[179]
TBA
Joe Pokaski[179]
Filming

Marvel's New Warriors

1
10[180]
2018 (2018)[180]
TBA
Kevin Biegel[180]
Pre-production

text: Marvel's Cloak & Dagger[edit]

text: Tandy Bowen and Tyrone Johnson, two teenagers from different backgrounds, acquire superpowers while forming a romantic relationship. They soon realize that their powers work better when they are together, "but their feelings for each other make their already complicated world even more challenging."[181]

text: In April 2016, the ABC-owned network Freeform announced a straight-to-series order for Marvel's Cloak & Dagger, based on the characters of the same name,[181] calling it their "first venture into the Marvel Cinematic Universe", and describing the show as a "superhero love story".[182] In January 2017, Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph were cast as Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak, respectively.[183] Joe Pokaski serves as showrunner for the series.[179] Filming began in New Orleans in February 2017.[184] The first season, consisting of 10 episodes,[178] is set to air in 2018.[179]

text: Roxxon Oil is seen in the series.[185]

text: Marvel's New Warriors[edit]

text: Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl, Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal, Dwayne Taylor / Night Thrasher, Robbie Baldwin / Speedball, Zach Smith / Microbe, and Deborah Fields / Debrii,[186] are superpowered young people with abilities very different from the Avengers, who want to make a positive impact in the world even if they are not quite ready to be heroes.[180]

text: By the end of August 2016, Marvel Television and ABC Studios were developing a half-hour comedy series based on the New Warriors featuring Squirrel Girl, with the series being offered to cable networks and streaming outlets.[187] In April 2017, Freeform announced a straight-to-series order for Marvel's New Warriors, with Kevin Biegel serving as the series' showrunner and writing the first script.[180][188] In July 2017, the cast was revealed with Milana Vayntrub starring as Doreen Green / Squirrel Girl and Derek Theler as Craig Hollis / Mister Immortal.[189] The first season, consisting of 10 episodes, is set to air in 2018, with Biegel serving as showrunner for the series.[180][188][189]

text: Recurring cast and characters[edit]

text: ABC series[edit]

text: List indicator(s)

text:
This table includes recurring, main characters, who have appeared in at least two seasons and as a member of the principal ("main") cast for at least one of those. Please see the FAQ for more information.
Series seasons, within the network season, are ordered based on their premiere date.
A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the season, or that the character's presence in the season has not yet been announced.
An R indicates the actor had a recurring role for the season.
A G indicates the actor made a guest appearance in the season.

text:
Character
2013–14 season
2014–15 season
2015–16 season
2016–17 season
2017–18 season

Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
season 1
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
season 2
Agent Carter
season 1
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
season 3
Agent Carter
season 2
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
season 4
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
season 5

Lincoln Campbell

Luke MitchellR [190]

Luke Mitchell[191]

Peggy Carter

Hayley AtwellG [43]
Hayley Atwell[53]

Hayley Atwell[51]

Phil Coulson
Clark Gregg[9][15]

Clark Gregg[10]

Clark Gregg[11][192]

Leo Fitz
Iain De Caestecker[9][193]

Iain De Caestecker[10]

Iain De Caestecker[11][192]

Lance Hunter

Nick Blood[194]

Nick Blood[10]

Nick BloodG [195]

Edwin Jarvis

James D'Arcy[62]

James D'Arcy[196]

Daisy "Skye" Johnson
Quake
Chloe Bennet[9][197][198]

Chloe Bennet[10][199]

Chloe Bennet[11][192]

Alphonso "Mack" MacKenzie

Henry SimmonsR [200]

Henry Simmons[201]

Henry Simmons[11][192]

Melinda May
Ming-Na Wen[9][202]

Ming-Na Wen[10]

Ming-Na Wen[11][192]

Bobbi Morse

Adrianne Palicki[45]

Adrianne Palicki[10]

Holden Radcliffe

John HannahR [203]

John Hannah[204][205]

Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez

Natalia Cordova-BuckleyR [206]

Natalia Cordova-BuckleyR [207]
Natalia Cordova-Buckley[208]

Jemma Simmons
Elizabeth Henstridge[9][193]

Elizabeth Henstridge[10]

Elizabeth Henstridge[11][192]

Daniel Sousa

Enver Gjokaj[209]

Enver Gjokaj[196]

Jack Thompson

Chad Michael Murray[209]

Chad Michael Murray[210]

Grant Ward
Brett Dalton[9][211]

Brett Dalton[10]

Brett DaltonR [212]

text: Netflix series[edit]

text: List indicator(s)

text:
This table includes recurring, main characters, who have appeared in at least two series as a member of the principal ("main") cast for at least one of those. Please see the FAQ for more information.
A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the series, or that the character's presence in the series has not yet been announced.
An R indicates the actor had a recurring role in the series.
A G indicates the actor made a guest appearance in the series.

text:
Character
Daredevil
Jessica Jones
Luke Cage
Iron Fist
The Defenders
The Punisher

Bakuto

Ramón Rodríguez[213][154]

Luke Cage

Mike Colter[114][118]

Mike Colter[139]

Frank Castle
Punisher
Jon Bernthal[107]

Jon Bernthal[90]

Malcolm Ducasse

Eka Darville[214]

Eka Darville[150]

Jeri Hogarth
Carrie-Anne MossG [106]
Carrie-Anne Moss[215]

Carrie-Anne MossG [135][147]

Jessica Jones

Krysten Ritter[108][110]

Krysten Ritter[139]

Mercedes "Misty" Knight

Simone Missick[216]
Simone MissickG [85]
Simone Missick[151]

Matt Murdock
Daredevil
Charlie Cox[97]

Charlie Cox[139]

Elektra Natchios
Élodie Yung[217]

Élodie Yung[149]

Franklin "Foggy" Nelson
Elden Henson[218]

Elden Henson[147]

Karen Page
Deborah Ann Woll[219]

Deborah Ann Woll[146][166]

Danny Rand
Iron Fist

Finn JonesG [127]
Finn Jones[130][139]

Stick
Scott GlennR [220]

Scott Glenn[148]

Claire Temple
Rosario Dawson[221]
Rosario DawsonG [115]
Rosario Dawson[124][136][148]

Blake Tower
Stephen Rider[222]

Stephen RiderG [123]

Patricia "Trish" Walker

Rachael Taylor[223]
Rachael TaylorG [123]

Rachael Taylor[148]

Colleen Wing

Jessica Henwick[224][152]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Total viewers
(in millions)
Last aired
Total viewers
(in millions)
Average total viewers (inc. DVR)
(in millions)
Rank
18–49 rating (rank)

Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

1
September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24)
12.12[225]
May 13, 2014 (2014-05-13)
5.45[226]
8.31
43
3.0 (20)[227]

2
September 23, 2014 (2014-09-23)
5.98[228]
May 12, 2015 (2015-05-12)
3.88[229]
7.46
24
2.8 (11)[230]

3
September 29, 2015 (2015-09-29)
4.90[231]
May 17, 2016 (2016-05-17)
3.03[232]
5.52
85
2.0 (47)[233]

4
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
3.44[234]
May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16)
2.08[235]
4.22
110
1.5/6 (70)[236]

Agent Carter

1
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
6.91[237]
February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24)
4.02[238]
7.61
29
2.4 (29)[230]

2
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)
3.18[239]
March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)
2.35[240]
4.37
109
1.4 (88)[233]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Series
Season
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

1
87% (47 reviews)[241]
74 (33 reviews)[242]

2
94% (18 reviews)[243]
N/A

3
100% (13 reviews)[244]
N/A

4
100% (13 reviews)[245]
N/A

Agent Carter

1
95% (41 reviews)[246]
72 (27 reviews)[247]

2
81% (16 reviews)[248]
N/A

Daredevil

1
98% (51 reviews)[249]
75 (22 reviews)[250]

2
74% (35 reviews)[251]
68 (13 reviews)[252]

Jessica Jones

1
92% (61 reviews)[253]
81 (32 reviews)[254]

Luke Cage

1
96% (54 reviews)[255]
79 (30 reviews)[256]

Iron Fist

1
17% (54 reviews)[257]
37 (21 reviews)[258]

The Defenders

1
74% (77 reviews)[259]
63 (30 reviews)[260]

Inhumans

1
8% (37 reviews)[261]
29 (13 reviews)[262]

text: With the release of the second season of Daredevil, Brian Lowery of Variety felt the Netflix series "have already leapfrogged ABC’s forays into the Marvel universe in terms of their appeal, in part by tapping into the avid fan base that supports pay models and doesn’t need to be spoon-fed plot points. In the process, they have demonstrated that it’s possible to deliver a credible superhero show without a lot of pyrotechnics".[263]

text: After the release of the first season of Luke Cage, The Atlantic's David Sims wrote on the pacing issue of Marvel's Netflix series, a common complaint to that point, stating, "After two seasons of Daredevil, one of Jessica Jones, and now one of Luke Cage, the Netflix model feels fundamentally flawed, encouraging the kind of molasses-slow plotting comic books are designed to eschew. The problem isn’t that these shows are bad, necessarily... But they all take far too long to get going, by which point many viewers will have already tuned out." He felt one of the problems was the fact that Netflix does not rely on viewers tuning into a particular series as broadcast series do each week, but rather subscribers who, if they lose interest, "can take as long as they want to catch up... as long as they keep paying their subscription fee every month." The Netflix series are also afforded the opportunity to explore elements in more detail, with Sims noting "A lot of this detail [is] good, but it could have been considerably compressed—none of the Marvel Netflix series, so far, would have lost much by being squeezed into 10 episodes, or even 8. If Netflix shaved the 60-minute running time down quite a bit, it would likely inspire more economical—and better—storytelling from its shows." Sims concluded by saying, "What’s most frustrating of all is that Netflix isn’t getting rid of this approach anytime soon. Daredevil season three, Jessica Jones season two, Iron Fist, and The Punisher are all on their way, and each will follow the same 13-episode structure... The only respite may come in the form of The Defenders, a planned crossover series... over the course of just eight episodes. Who knows? The show might even surprise viewers and explain its villain’s motivations within the first hour. Until then, fans will be stuck needlessly giving over entire days to these series, while others are deterred from watching at all."[264] In her review for the first season of Iron Fist, Allison Keene of Collider.com spoke more on the pacing of Marvel's Netflix series, stating, "By focusing so intently on making these series... much more grounded in a gritty real world than what we typically expect from a superhero show (like DC's candy-colored [Arrowverse] on The CW), the problem is that they miss out on the key element: this should be fantastical entertainment."[265] With The Defenders, Jeff Jansen of Entertainment Weekly felt many improvements were made to the general complaints the previous seasons received. He said, "The Defenders is far from perfect. But it’s an enjoyable superhero adventure distinguished by improvements and innovations that I hope Marvel will carry forward. Shorter seasons. More team-ups. Fewer shows. Start the consolidation by letting go of Iron Fist. If Danny Rand must persist, add him to the other shows and let the stronger players carry him."[266]

text: Potential projects[edit]

text: Marvel's Damage Control[edit]

text: The show follows the overworked, underpaid, clean up crew of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, who specialize in dealing with the aftermath of superhero conflicts, rescheduling events because of the conflicts, and retrieving lost items.[267]

text: In October 2015, ABC ordered a put pilot for a half-hour live-action comedy series Marvel's Damage Control, based on the comics construction company of the same name. The series is being developed by Ben Karlin for ABC Studios and Marvel Television, with Karlin also writing the script for the project and serving as executive producer.[267][268] In January 2016, ABC Entertainment president Paul Lee said Damage Control was "going to be coming out this season," seemingly implying it would air in the 2016–17 television season.[269]

text: Other[edit]

text: Marvel has been working with screenwriter John Ridley since mid-April 2015 to craft a new television series, "reinventing" an existing Marvel character or property.[270] In January 2016, Ridley confirmed that the project was "still in development". He stated that he was looking to "bring some of the socially conscious nature" of Jessica Jones and his series American Crime to the show, while also creating something that is "straight entertainment".[271] A year later, Channing Dungey revealed that Ridley's project was still progressing, with Ridley working on a rewrite of his script.[272] Ridley added that the rewrite was not because "anything didn't work the first time around", but rather trying to make sure the series does something viewers have not necessarily seen before in a superhero television series, hoping it would occupy "a space that is not currently being filled" by Marvel. He also stated that he hoped to create the series "in the near term."[273] By August 2017, Dungey was "not sure" if Ridley was still working on the project.[274]

text: In January 2016, Lee announced that ABC Studios was developing a second comedy series with Marvel in hope it would air on ABC,[269] while Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated that "all the characters in the universe could also spin out" into their own series at some point.[162] That May, Dungey said that there were "a handful of projects in development", after passing on Most Wanted and canceling Agent Carter, and that Marvel and ABC were looking "at series that would be beneficial to both brands."[275]

text: Marvel's Most Wanted[edit]

text: By April 2015, Marvel was developing a spinoff series of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The series, which was being developed by Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell and writer Paul Zbyszewski, would be based on storylines occurring at the end of the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and would receive its own pilot rather than a backdoor pilot.[276] Adrianne Palicki and Nick Blood entered into discussions to headline the potential new series as their characters Bobbi Morse and Lance Hunter, respectively.[277] By May 7, 2015, when ABC announced their series renewals and cancellations, and new series pickups, the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff was passed on.[278]

text: In August 2015, the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. spinoff series received new life as a reworked series, titled Marvel's Most Wanted, with a pilot order.[279] Bell and Zbyszewski once again developed the series, while also serving as co-writers of the pilot, executive producers, and showrunners, with Jeph Loeb also attached as executive producer.[280] The series would still focus on Morse and Hunter, with Palicki and Blood both attached, and was described as "a new take focusing on the same duo and their continuing adventures."[279] In May 2016, the series was passed on by ABC once again.[281]


document_title: Atlanta in the American Civil War

question_text: who burned down atlanta in the civil war

question_tokens: who burned down atlanta in the civil war

root

text: Atlanta in the American Civil War

text: Early war years[edit]

text:
Population in 1860[2]

Region

Fulton

Georgia

Total population

14,427

1,057,286

Total white persons

11,441

591,550

Total slaveholders

478

41,084

aggr. Slaves

2,955

462,198

aggr. Freecolored persons

31

3,500

Families

1,995

109,919

% of familiesowning slaves[N 1]

23.86%

37.38%

tag: table

text: The city that would become Atlanta began as the endpoint of the Western and Atlantic Railroad (aptly named Terminus) in 1837.[3][4] Atlanta grew quickly with the completion of The Georgia Railway in 1845[5] and the Macon & Western in 1846.[6] The city was incorporated in 1847 and extended 1 mile in all directions from the zero-mile post.[7] In 1860, Atlanta was a relatively small city ranking 99th in the United States in size with a population of 9,554 according to the 1860 United States (U.S.) Census. However, it was the 12th-largest city in what became the Confederate States of America. A large number of machine shops, foundries and other industrial concerns were soon established in Atlanta. The population swelled to nearly 22,000 as workers arrived for these new factories and warehouses.

tag: p

text: The city was a vital transportation and logistics center, with several major railroads in the area. The Western & Atlantic Railroad connected the city with Chattanooga, Tennessee, 138 miles to the north. The Georgia Railway connected the city with Augusta to the east and the Confederate Powderworks on the Savannah River.[5][8] The Macon & Western[6] connected Atlanta to Macon and Savannah to its south. The fourth line, Atlanta and West Point Railroad, completed in 1854, connected Atlanta with West Point, Georgia.[9] At West Point the line linked up with the Western Railway of Alabama, thus connecting Atlanta with Montgomery to its west. A series of roads radiated out from the city in all directions, connecting Atlanta with neighboring towns and states.

text: Thought to be relatively safe from Union forces early in the war, Atlanta rapidly became a concentration point for the Confederate quartermasters and logistics experts;[10][11] warehouses were filled with food, forage, supplies, ammunition, clothing and other materiel critical to the Confederate States of America armies operating in the Western Theater.

text: Some of the major manufacturing facilities supporting the Confederate war effort were:[11][12]

text:
The Atlanta Rolling Mill, established before the war, was significantly expanded and provided a major source for armor plating for Confederate Navy ironclads, including the CSS Virginia. It also refurbished railroad tracks.
The Confederate Pistol Factory made pistols.
The Novelty Iron Works produced ordnance supplies.
Confederate Arsenal was located at the northwest corner of Walton and Peachtree Street.
The Empire Manufacturing Company made Railroad cars and bar iron.
Winship Foundry produced great quantities of metal products, railroad supplies, freight cars, and iron bolts.
Atlanta Machine Works produced ordnance. The cannons produced by the Atlanta Machine Works were rifled at the Western and Atlantic Roundhouse.
W. S. Withers and Solomon Solomon Foundry made buttons, spurs, bits, buckles, etc.
A Flour Mill was located at the northwest corner of Marietta and North Avenue.
Hammond Marshall Sword Factory manufactured swords.
Atlanta Steam Tannery made leather goods for the army.
The Naval Ordnance Works was set up in early 1862 by Lieutenant David Porter McCorkle using stores and machinery he was able to move to Atlanta from New Orleans before it fell. The works produced gun carriages and 7-inch shells for the Confederate navy.[13]
The Confederate Iron and Brass Foundry produced all kinds of iron and brass works.

tag: ul

text: In addition to the transportation and manufacturing facilities, there were several hospitals in Atlanta.[14]

text:
The General Hospital was located on the fairground, on Fair Street.
The Distribution Hospital was located on the southeast corner of Alabama and Pryor Streets.
The Atlanta Female Institute on Courtland Street was used as a hospital.
The Atlanta Medical College was used as a surgical hospital.
Kiles Hotel on Decatur and Loyd Streets was used as a hospital.
A hotel on Peachtree was used as a hospital.
The convalescent hospital was located on the Ponder property at Means Street and Ponder Avenue.
The hospital for contagious diseases was located on 155 acres of property taken from William Markham.

text: On July 5, 1864, General Joseph E. Johnston issued orders that all hospitals and munitions works in Atlanta be evacuated. On July 7, Colonel Josiah Georgas, ordnance chief in Richmond, issued orders to Colonel M. H. Wright, commanding the arsenal in Atlanta: "Send the bulk of machinery & stores to Augusta and to Columbia, S.C., send workmen in same direction when it becomes necessary."[15][16]

text: A number of newspapers flourished in Atlanta during the Civil War. Among the more prominent ones were the Atlanta Southern Confederacy and the Daily Intelligencer, both of which moved to Macon, Georgia, during the Union occupation in 1864. The Daily Intelligencer was the only Atlanta paper to survive the war and resume publication from Atlanta after Union forces began their "March to the Sea".[17][18][19]

text: Atlanta as a target[edit]

text:
Concerned after the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, that Atlanta would be a logical target for future Union Army attacks, Jeremy F. Gilmer, Chief of the Confederate Engineer Bureau, contacted Captain Lemuel P. Grant, Chief Engineer of the Department of Georgia, and asked him to survey possible enemy crossings of the Chattahoochee River, a broad waterway that offered some protection from a northern approach. Grant complied, and after a thorough investigation and survey, explained that the fortification of Atlanta would involve "an expenditure second only to the defense of Richmond". Captain Grant planned "a cordon of enclosed works, within supporting distance of each other", with twelve to fifteen strong forts sited specially for artillery and connected by infantry entrenchments in a perimeter "between 10 and 12 miles in extent". Gilmer gave Grant the approval to develop a plan to ring Atlanta with forts and earthworks along the key approaches to the city. Gilmer advised that the earthen forts should be connected by a line of rifle pits, with ditches, felled timbers or other obstruction to impede an infantry charge. Gilmer also suggested that the perimeter should be "far enough from the town to prevent the enemy coming within bombarding distance"
[20][21]

text: General Gilmer knew that the construction of the Atlanta Fortification would, by its scope, impact private property. He advised Col. M. J. Wright:[22]

text:
Col. M. J. WRIGHT
Commanding, Atlanta, Ga.:

text: COLONEL: In order to make the works constructed for the defense of Atlanta effective, the timber must be cut down in front of the lines for a distance of, say, 900 to 1,000 cubic yards, and the cutting should be continuous.

text: The true rule should be to clear away as far as our own guns can (command the ground, well and no farther, as the ranges of the enemy's artillery are generally greater than ours. The work ought to be commenced at once, as it will require some time to complete it; the forest in front of the batteries to be cleared away first. In all cases have the trees thrown from the lines and the branches that stand up from the felled trees cut off so that they may offer no cover. The stumps ought not to be high.

text:
Part of the fortifications surrounding Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864 during the Civil war.

 Confederate fortifications around Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864. The wagon and portable darkroom of photographer George N. Barnard is visible in the photograph.

 Confederate palisades, on north side of Atlanta, Georgia, 1864

text: As to damages for putting up works on private lands and cutting timber, they should be assessed by impartial and intelligent persons. A good plan (one that we have resorted to in previous cases) is to appoint an officer of good judgment and the local proprietors to select a second, to make the appraisements and report the same to the engineer officer (Captain Grant) for transmission to the Engineer Bureau. That office will have the appraisement examined and make such indorsements thereon as may be thought just and proper, and then forward them to the Attorney-General, whose duty it is by law to examine them, and, if the claims be well founded, to ask Congress to appropriate for their payment. Should the two appraisers fail to agree they must choose a third as umpire. In each case the property damaged should be described with care. I would like to have the indorsements of yourself and Captain Grant on the appraisements before they are forwarded to the Engineer Bureau.

text:
It is not necessary to apply to Richmond concerning the exterior lines. If you have the labor, press them forward at once, particularly on the front. Direct Captain Grant to apply to the Engineer Bureau for all necessary funds. If needed a reasonable supply of intrenching tools, axes, &c., can be sent him on his application, but I hope you have sufficient from the battle-field of Chickamauga.
 I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

text: Captain Grant planned a series of 17 redoubts forming a 10-mile (16 km) circle over a mile (1.6 km) out from the center of town. These would be interlinked with a series of earthworks and trenches, along with rows of abatis and other impediments to enemy troops. Construction on the extensive defensive works began in August 1863. They were bounded on the north by high ground (the present location of the Fox Theatre), the west by Ashby Street, the south by McDonough Drive and the east by what is today known as Grant Park. Gilmer inspected the completed work in December 1863 and gave his approval.[11] Because of how the subsequent campaign unfolded, most of these fortifications were never really put to the test.[23][24]

text: By late October Captain Grant had nearly completed his encirclement of Atlanta and the number of forts had risen to seventeen. Of the seventeen planned forts, thirteen had been completed. Due to topographical features of the land and the manning requirements for the fortifications, Grant's design had, by necessity, left Atlanta within artillery range. The section of the line protecting the north west approach to Atlanta was inside the city limits. To help protect this area, an additional string of forts was constructed further out from the city. A report from Captain Grant to Gen. Wright places the length of the fortifications at 10 ½ miles and requiring about 55,000 troops to fully man the line.[23][25]

text: In addition to the fortifications surrounding Atlanta, the local militia was reorganized by Brig. Gen. M. J. Wright during March 1864. The militia was "composed exclusively of detailed soldiers and exempts, all those liable to conscription". The total strength was 534 men.[26]

text: In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five-week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.

text: Siege of Atlanta  (July–August 1864)[edit]

text: In the spring of 1864, the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, was entrenched near the city of Dalton, Georgia. In early May, 1864, Union forces under the command of Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman began the Atlanta Campaign. By early July the Confederate forces had been forced back to the outskirts of Atlanta. Both the Union and Confederate forces used the Western & Atlantic Railroad to supply their troops.

text: The last remaining natural obstacle separating the Union forces from Atlanta was the Chattahoochee River. By July 9, the Federal forces had secured three good crossings over the Chattahoochee: one at Powers' Ferry, a second at the mouth of Soap Creek and a third at the shallow ford near Roswell, Georgia. The federal forces rested and moved troops around to prepare for their advance on the city of Atlanta beginning on July 16.[27][28]

text: On July 10, Maj. Gen. Sherman sent orders via telegraph to Gen. Lovell H. Rousseau then stationed at Decatur, Alabama, with a force of 2,500 cavalry to cut the rail line linking Atlanta with Montgomery, Alabama. On July 16, Gen. Rousseau´s men cut about 25 miles of the rail line, west of Opelika, Alabama, as well as three miles of the branch toward Columbus, Georgia, and two miles towards West Point, Georgia. Gen. Rousseau's cavalry force then joined General Sherman in Marietta, Georgia, on July 22.[29]

text: Union cavalry forces under the command of Brig. Gen. Kenner Garrard supported by a brigade of infantry cut the Georgia Railroad that connected Atlanta with Augusta, Georgia, near the town of Stone Mountain, GA, on July 18, 1864.[30][31]

text: On July 18, 1864, General Joseph E. Johnston was relieved of command of the Confederate forces. General John Bell Hood was given command of the Army of Tennessee.[32]

text: General Sherman issued Special Order 39, detailing the Union advance on Atlanta on July 19, 1864.[33]

text: Special Order

text: No. 39.

text:
The whole army will move on Atlanta by the most direct roads tomorrow, July 20, beginning at 5 a. m., as follows:
I.	Major-General Thomas from the direction of Buck Head, his left to connect with General Schofields right about two miles northeast of Atlanta, about lot 15, near the houses marked as Hu. and Col. Hoo.
II.	Major-General Schofield by the road leading from Doctor Powell's to Atlanta.
III.	Major-General McPherson will follow one or more roads direct from Decatur to Atlanta, following substantially the railroad.
Each army commander will accept battle on anything like fair terms, but if the army reach within cannon-range of the city without receiving artillery or musketry fire he will halt, form a strong line, with batteries in position, and await orders. If fired on from the forts or buildings of Atlanta no consideration must be paid to the fact that they are occupied by families, but the place must be cannonaded without the formality of a demand.
The general-in-chief will be with the center of the army, viz, with or near General Schofield.
 By order of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman:
 L. M. DAYTON, aide-de-Camp.

text: With the Union forces spread out over such a wide front, General Hood launched an attack against the Union right at Peachtree Creek on July 20, 1864. The Confederate advance was repulsed at the Battle of Peach Tree Creek.[34][35] The Confederates then launched a second attack on July 22, this time against the Union left, east of Atlanta near the Augusta railroad. The Confederates were again repulsed with heavy losses at the Battle of Atlanta.[36] During the Battle of Atlanta Union General James B. McPherson and Confederate General William H. T. Walker were killed.[37][38][39] General Sherman had now cut two of the four rail lines leading into Atlanta.

text: In an effort to cut the Confederate supply lines between West Point, GA, and Atlanta, General Sherman moved forces along the west side of Atlanta. General Hood sent two of his corps to protect his supply lines. Expecting an attack, the Union forces entrenched near Ezra Church. The Confederates attacked on July 28, and were repulsed in the Battle of Ezra Church. Even though the Union forces were victorious in the Battle of Ezra Church, the Union forces failed to cut the rail line supplying Atlanta from West Point.[40]

text: The Union forces continued to move south on the west side of Atlanta, but the Confederates were able to extend their lines to match these movements. The two sides once again clashed on August 4–7, at Utoy Creek. The Union forces were repulsed with heavy losses and failed in an attempt to break the Atlanta and West Point Railroad.[40][41]

text: On July 20, 1864, Battery H, First Illinois Light Artillery commanded by Capt. Francis De Gress, came into battery near the Troup Hurt Home. De Gress opened fire on downtown Atlanta from this point. He reported that:[42][43]

text: Advanced on the 20th, taking up position several times during the day and engaging rebel batteries. At 1 o'clock fired three shells into Atlanta at a distance of two miles and a half, the first ones of the war.

text: The shelling of Atlanta[45] continued from July 20 until August 25.[46] In addition to the cannons the Union forces had with them, four 4 1/2-inch siege cannons were brought by rail from Chattanooga. These four cannons began firing on the city on August 10.[47][48] In total, these four cannons fired over 4,500 rounds on Atlanta.[49] On August 9, 1864, General Sherman reported that:[50]

text: Maj. Gen. II. W. HALLECK,

text:
Washington, D. C.:
 Schofield developed the enemy's position to below East Point. His line is well fortified, embracing Atlanta and East Point, and his re-doubts and lines seem well filled. Cavalry is on his flanks. Our forces, too, are spread for ten miles. So Hood intends to stand his ground. I threw into Atlanta about 3,000 solid shot and shell to-day, and have got from Chattanooga four 4-1/2 Inch rifled guns, and will try their effect. Our right is below Utoy Creek. I will intrench it and the flanks and study time ground a little more before adopting a new plan. We have had considerable rain, but on the whole the weather is healthy. Colonel Capron, of Stoneman's command, with several squads of men are in at Marietta, and will reduce his loss below 1,000.
 W. T. SHERMAN,

text: Major-General.

text: There are no official records of the number of people killed by the bombardment of Atlanta.[51]

text: During the early part of August, several attempts were made to cut the two remaining rail lines to Atlanta using cavalry. Even though the Union cavalry successfully tore up sections of the rail line, they were not able to do sufficient damage to prevent the Confederate forces from easily repairing the affected sections of railroad.[52] Union forces also continued to probe the Confederate lines looking for weak spots. Even though no frontal assault was ever made on Atlanta there was a constant skirmishing between the lines and casualties occurred on both sides.[53]

text: On August 20, the Atlanta and West Point Railroad was cut near Red Oak Station.[54] On August 25,[55] the Union forces withdrew from their entrenchments around Atlanta. Part of the Union forces pulled back to prepare defensive positions at the Chattahoochee River while the remainder of the Union forces marched south of Atlanta to attack the Macon & Western Railroad.[56] On August 31 – September 1, the Confederate forces once again failed to stop the Union troops at the Battle of Jonesboro.[52]

text: Fall of Atlanta (September 1–2, 1864)[edit]

text: With all of his supply lines cut, General Hood abandoned Atlanta. On the night of September 1, his troops marched out of the city to Lovejoy, Georgia. General Hood ordered that the 81 rail cars filled with ammunition and other military supplies be destroyed. The resulting fire and explosions were heard for miles.[57] In his Official Report, General Sherman stated:[58]

text: ... About 2 o'clock that night the sounds of heavy explosions were heard in the direction of Atlanta, distant about twenty miles, with a succession of minor explosions and what seemed like the rapid firing of cannon and musketry. These continued about an hour, and again about 4 a.m. occurred another series of similar discharges apparently nearer us, and these sounds could be accounted for on no other hypothesis than of a night attack on Atlanta by General Slocum or the blowing up of the enemy s magazines. Nevertheless at daybreak, on finding the enemy gone from his lines at Jonesborough, I ordered a general pursuit south, General Thomas following to the left of the railroad, General Howard on its right, and General Schofield keeping off about two miles to the east. We overtook the enemy again near Lovejoy's Station in a strong intrenched position, with his flanks well protected behind a branch of Walnut Creek to the right and a confluent of the Flint River to his left. We pushed close up and reconnoitered the ground and found he had evidently halted to cover his communication with the McDonough and Fayetteville road.

text: On September 2, Major General Slocum, in command of the XX Corp near the Chattahoochee River, sent reconnaissance parties towards Atlanta. Mayor James M. Calhoun and several prominent citizens rode out Marietta St. under a flag of truce to surrender the city of Atlanta to the Union Army. The mayor encountered Col. John Coburn and formally surrendered the city to him. When General Slocum received word that the Confederates had evacuated Atlanta, he moved forward seven brigades to occupy Atlanta.[59][60]

text: ... On the 2d of September, at 6 a. m., under orders from Brigadier-General Ward, I marched on a reconnaissance from Turners Ferry to find the position of the enemy toward Atlanta. I had under my command 900 infantry, composed of 500 men of my brigade, commanded by Captain Crawford, Eighty-fifth Indiana; Captain Baldwin, Nineteenth Michigan; Captain May, Twenty-second Wisconsin, and Lieutenant Freeland, Thirty-third Indiana, and 400 of the Third Brigade, under command of Major Wickham, Fifty-fifth Ohio, together with 40 mounted men under Captain Scott, Seventieth Indiana. Two hundred and forty men were thrown forward as skirmishers and flankers, and so advanced without opposition until we reached the earth-works recently abandoned by us near Atlanta. Here, after a short delay, occasioned by a slight skirmish with a few mounted men and sentinels, we proceeded through the lines of the enemy's works, finding them abandoned. A brigade of the enemy's cavalry was found to be in the city and we advanced cautiously. I was met in the suburbs by Mr. Calhoun, the mayor, with a committee of citizens bearing a flag of truce. He surrendered the city to me, saying he only asked protection for persons and property. This was at 11 a. m. I asked him if the rebel cavalry was yet in the city. He replied that Ferguson's brigade was there, but on the point of leaving. I replied that my force was moving into the city and that unless that force retired there would be a fight in which neither person nor property would be safe, and that if necessary I would burn the houses of citizens to dislodge the enemy; that I did not otherwise intend to injure persons or property of the citizens unless used against us. I ordered my skirmishers to advance, and they proceeded through the city, the cavalry rapidly evacuating the place. I at once sent dispatches to Brigadier-General Ward, at Turners Ferry, and to Major-General Slocum, at the railroad bridge, of the occupation of the city by my command. General Slocum came at once to the city. Immediately preceding him came a portion of the First and Second Divisions of the Twentieth Corps. General Ward directed a portion of my brigade to move up from Turners Ferry, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bloodgood, Twenty-second Wisconsin, which reached Atlanta about sunset, and the remainder, under Major Miller, the next morning. Soon after General Slocum's arrival he directed me to move my command, which then occupied the works of the enemy on the southeastern part of the city, to the right of the Augusta railroad. This was done, and General Knipe's brigade was posted on the left of the road in single line, deployed at intervals of three paces. Here the brigade has remained in camp until this date. The command captured 123 prisoners, including those in hospital. Some 200 small-arms were found in the City Hall, and about 16 pieces of artillery abandoned in the works and burned with the train of cars. The ammunition abandoned had been fired in the night and continued to explode with loud reports after we had entered the city in the forts and among the ruins of the burning shops and buildings where it had been deposited. The works of the enemy were left almost perfect, and there seemed to have been no attempt at destruction of anything but of the material of war. As we passed through the streets many of the citizens ran gladly out to meet us, welcoming us as deliverers from the despotism of the Confederacy; others regarded us with apprehension and begged to be spared from robbery. I assured them they would be safe from this. Many of the buildings were found to be much injured by our artillery, but such as will be needed for public use can be taken at once with slight repairs. My command on the reconnaissance behaved with remarkable promptness and energy, and deserved to be first, as they were, of our army to enter the city. The losses in this time are 5 killed and 22 wounded. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant

text:
J. COBURN,
Colonel, Commanding Brigade.

text: Capt. JOHN SPEED, Assistant Adjutant-General

text: Occupation of Atlanta (September 3 – November 16, 1864)[edit]

text: On September 3, General Sherman was with the bulk of his troops near Lovejoy's Station when he received word from Gen. Henry W. Slocum that the confederates had withdrawn from Atlanta. He immediately ordered Slocum to take possession of Atlanta and to advise all people that he intended to have all civilians leave the city.[62]

text: When General Sherman decided not to pursue the Confederate forces commanded by General Hood on September 4, 1864, he issued special field order No. 64.[63] The Army of the Cumberland commanded by Maj. Gen. Thomas was to move to Atlanta. The Army of the Tennessee commanded by Maj. Gen. Howard was to move to East Point and the head of Camp Creek, while the Army of the Ohio, commanded by Maj. Gen. Schofield, moved to Decatur.[64]

text: On Sept. 7, General Sherman established his headquarters in the two and one-half-story home of John Neal (1796–1886) located on Washington St. After the Federal troops left Atlanta, it was noted that Sherman had left the "Neal house in excellent condition with the furniture stored in the parlor and disturbed but little".[65]

text: General George Thomas made his headquarters in the Greek revival home of William Herrington and his son-in-law Austin Leyden. The house was located on the west side of Peachtree Street between Ellis and Cain Streets. In the 20th century, this lot would be occupied by a department store.[65]

text: Other homes used by the Federal Offices where:[65]

text:
Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, the home of Edward E. Rawson
Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, the home of Lewis Scofield
Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, the home of William H. Dabney
Col. William G. Le Duc, Home of the Mayor, James Calhoun

text: On September 8, Sherman reported to Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck that his "whole Army" was encamped around Atlanta. He reported that Gen. Howard was in Atlanta and that Gen. Scofield was in Decatur. At the time of his report to Halleck, he had not heard from Gen. Howard, but he assumed he was in East Point. He promised his troops rest and pay.[66]

text: The federal forces occupied Atlanta until November 15/16 when they began their "March to the Sea". During this approximately 73 days, General Sherman and his troops would not only keep an eye on Gen. Hood and the Confederate army, but evacuate all civilians from Atlanta, build their own shelters, construct fortifications, forage for fresh food, some would get a furloughs to visit home, and finally destroy all assets of military value in Atlanta.

text: Evacuation of all civilians (September 8–21, 1864)[edit]

text: On September 5, the commander of the Provost Guard of Atlanta, Col. William Cogswell, issued the following order: "All families now living in Atlanta, the male representatives of which are in the service of the Confederate states, or who have gone south, would leave the city within five days. They will pass the lines and go South …"The next day, Lt. Col. C. F. Morse, the provost marshal instructed that the population was to assemble at the City Hall for registration on September 12. Those planning to go South were permitted to take wearing apparel, a limited amount of furniture and a small quantity of food.[67] When General Sherman informed General Hood of his intent to evacuate all the citizens from Atlanta, a series of heated letters were exchanged between the two generals, Sherman defending his order while Hood protested the order. Mayor Calhoun also appealed to Sherman to relent, but to no avail.[67][68]

text: On September 8, 1864, General Sherman issued special order No 67, "The city of Atlanta, being exclusively required for warlike purposes, will at once be vacated by all except the armies of the United States". The order also instructs the chief engineer to survey the city for the permanent defense and to mark all structures that stand in his way to be set apart for destruction. The order also prohibited soldiers from occupying any house. The order allowed soldiers to "use boards, shingles, or materials of buildings, barns, sheds, warehouses, and shanties" to build their own quarters.[67][69]

text: On September 8, the mayor of Atlanta, James M. Calhoun, notified its citizens that they would have to evacuate the city. Each citizen was required to register with Lt. Col. Le Duc the number of adults, children, servants and a count of the number of packages or parcels they were taking with them.[70]

text:
NOTICE,
ATLANTA, GA., September 8, 1864.

text:
To the Citizens of Atlanta:
Major-General Sherman instructs me to say to you that you must all leave Atlanta; that as many of you as want to go North can do so, and that as many as want to go South can do so, and that all can take with them their movable property, servants included, if they want to go, but that no force is to be used, and that he will furnish transportation for persons and property as far as Rough and Ready, from whence it is expected General Hood will assist in carrying it on. Like transportation will be furnished for people and property going North, and it is required that all things contemplated by this notice will be carried into execution as soon as possible.

text:
All persons are requested to leave their names and number in their families with the undersigned as early as possible, that estimates may be made of the quantity of transportation required.
JAMES M. CALHOUN

text: Mayor

text: Lieut. Col. Le Duc sat behind a table on the porch of Richard Peters house at Mitchell and Forsyth Streets. He began registering and issuing travel permits to the citizens that were evacuating Atlanta to the South. Between September 10 and September 20, Col. Le Duc registered 1,651 individuals. There were 705 adults, 860 children and 86 servants. Together they all they carried 8,842 packages of baggage.[67][68]

text: Building the inner defensive ring (Oct. 3 – Nov. 1, 1864)[edit]

text: Gen. Sherman's Special Field Order No. 67, section 3,[72] ordered the chief engineer, Capt. Orlando M. Poe to construct new defensive works around Atlanta. Capt. Poe first evaluated the existing Confederate fortifications. Finding them too extensive for the number of troops planned to garrison Atlanta, Capt. Poe designed a new set of fortifications. The new line was less than three miles in length along a system of heights nearer the center of town. This new line passed through the northern part of town rendering the destruction of a great many buildings necessary. Gen. Sherman approved of the plan but instructed Capt. Poe not to begin construction.[73]

text: On September 18, 1864, the confederate forces, commanded by Gen. John B. Hood,  began moving from their position near Lovejoy Station, GA, and crossed to the west side of the Chattahoochee River on September 29.[74] Gen. Sherman began moving five of his Army Corps (the IV, XIV, XV, XVII and the XXIII Corps) to try to defeat the confederates in the field. The XX Corps, commanded by Gen. Slocum, was left in Atlanta to guard the city. With only one corps remaining in Atlanta Gen. Sherman instructed Capt. Poe to begin the construction of the new inner defense line.[75]

text: Capt. Poe and his Engineering detachment began constructing the new fortifications on October 3, 1864. During the first week, he was assisted by 2,000 soldiers of the XX Corps. On October 5, Capt. Poe reported to Gen. Sherman that they had completed positions for thirty guns. Work continued until November 1 with a much smaller work force until preparations for the March to the Sea began.[76]

text: Destruction of military assets (Nov. 7–16, 1864)[edit]

text: Gen. Sherman realized that the occupation of Atlanta would tie up substantial manpower resources, so he devised a plan to abandon Atlanta. The plan called for the destruction of all military assets within the city, the reorganization of the forces under his command and for reinforcing  Gen. George Thomas in Tennessee.[77] Once these preparations were completed, he and his troops would set out on a campaign designed to destroy the state of Georgia's war making capabilities and the will of its population to continue the war.[78]

text: On October 19, 1864, General Sherman notified Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck that he "now consider myself authorized to execute my plan to destroy the railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta, including the latter city (modified by General Grant from Dalton, & c.), strike out into the heart of Georgia, and make for Charleston, Savannah, or the mouth of the Apalachicola".[79] On that same day, he notified Col. Amos Beckwith in Atlanta that "Hood will escape me. I want to prepare for my big raid. On the 1st of November I want nothing but what is necessary to war. Send all trash to the rear at once and have on hand thirty days food and but little forage. I propose to abandon Atlanta and the railroad back to Chattanooga, and sally forth to ruin Georgia and bring up on the seashore. Make all dispositions accordingly. I will go down the Coosa until sure that Hood has gone to Blue Mountain."  Additionally, he notified Col. L. C. Easton in Chattanooga, "Go in person to superintend the repairs of the railroad, and make all orders in my name that will expedite its completion. I want it finished to bring back to Chattanooga the sick, wounded, and surplus trash. On the 1st of November I want nothing in front of Chattanooga save what we can use as food and clothing and haul in our wagons. There is plenty of corn in the country, and we only want forage for the posts. I allow ten days to do all this, by which time I expect to be near Atlanta."[80][81]

text: On October 20, 1864, General Sherman informed Major-General Thomas of his planned March to the Sea.  Part of his plan was to insure that Gen. Thomas had sufficient strength to hold Tennessee, or if Hood followed Sherman into Georgia, Gen. Thomas was instructed to move south as far as Columbus, Miss., and Selma. General Stanley, with the IV Corps, was assigned to Gen. Thomas.[82][83][84]

text: General Sherman instructed Col. Cogswell and Capt. Poe to develop plans for the destruction of Atlanta as a transportation hub and as a war material manufacturing center. In late October Col. Cogswell ordered his officers in the three provost regiments to begin planning the demolition of designated buildings and areas of the city assigned to them and the railroad. The plan of destruction was to include the buildings to be destroyed, the method and manpower needed and time estimates to complete the work. The 33rd Massachusetts was to destroy the area around Whitehall and Peachtree. The 2nd Massachusetts was assigned the Car Shed and structures to its east while the 111th Pennsylvania would target things to the Northwest including the Western and Atlantic roundhouse and gasworks. In addition to these troops, four regiments of the XXIII Corps would tear up railroad tracks in the city.[85] The plan of destruction as drawn up by Col. Cogswell and his provost marshals did not include any private homes.[86] On November 7, Gen. Sherman sent instruction to Capt. Poe to:

text:
Capt. O. M. POE, Atlanta, Ga:
I want you to take special charge of the destruction in Atlanta of all depots, car-houses, shops, factories, foundries, & c., being careful to knock down all furnace chimneys, and break down their arches; fire will do most of the work. Call on General Slocum for details and be all ready by the 10th. Beauregard still lingers about Florence, afraid to invade Tennessee, and I think slightly disgusted because Sherman did not follow him on his fool's errand.
W. T. SHERMAN,

text: On Nov. 7, 1864, General Sherman sent a message to Maj-Gen. Slocum in Atlanta telling him that "All houses used for storage along the railroad are to be destroyed".  In a second correspondence, Gen. Sherman told Gen. Slocum that Capt. Poe would be in charge of the destruction of Atlanta's military assets.[77]  On Nov. 10, Gen.l Corse to move from Rome, GA, to Atlanta, Gen. Davis was to begin moving from the area of Kinston, GA, towards Atlanta on Nov. 12. General Corse was ordered to "destroy to-night all public property not needed by your command, all foundries, mills, workshops, warehouses, railroad depots, or other store-houses convenient to the railroad, together with all wagon-shops, tanneries, or other factories useful to our enemy. Destroy the bridges completely, and then move your command to-morrow to Kingston and beyond, passing General Davis command,"[87] [N 2] On Nov. 11, 1864, Capt. Poe, in Atlanta, received instructions from Gen. Sherman, "You may commence the work of destruction at once, but don't use fire until toward the last moment."[88]

text: The work of destroying Atlanta's military assets began under the direction of the Chief Engineer, Capt. Poe, on Nov 12, and would continue until the evening of November 15, 1864. In his official report, Captain Poe states:

text: The engineer regiments were divided into detachments, under picked officers, each of whom received a written order as follows:

text: You will please take the detachment now under your orders to the first high chimney (stating locality and building) and throw it down, and continue to work along (stating the route) until you reach (the point designated as the limit of work for this detachment), being careful not to use fire in doing the work, since it would endanger buildings which it is not intended to destroy.

text: These orders were faithfully carried out, and neither fire nor power were used for destroying buildings until after they had been put in ruins by battering down the walls, throwing down smokestacks, breaking up furnace arches, knocking steam machinery to pieces, and punching all boilers full of holes. The railroads within the limits of the old rebel defenses were destroyed by tearing up the rail, piling up the ties, and after putting the rails across them firing the wood which heated the iron and then the rails were twisted. The rails were torn up by using a small but very strong iron "cant hook," devised by myself, and after they were heated were twisted by applying the same hooks at each end of each rail in twisting the iron bar around its horizontal axis, being careful to give the rail at least a half turn. The length of railroad destroyed in this manner, within the limits indicated above, was about ten miles. The depot, car sheds, machine shops, and water tanks were also destroyed.

text: It was not until the evening of the 15th of November that fire was applied to the heaps of rubbish we had made. I was upon the ground in person to see that the work was done in a proper and orderly manner; and, as far as engineer troops were concerned, this was the case. But many buildings in the business part of the city were destroyed by lawless persons, who, by sneaking around in blind alleys, succeeded in firing many houses which it was not intended to torch.

text: Gen. Sherman returned to the city on Nov. 14. In his memoirs, he recalls:

text:
... I reached Atlanta during the afternoon of the 14th, and found that all preparations had been made-Colonel Beckwith, chief commissary, reporting one million two hundred thousand rations in possession of the troops, which was about twenty days' supply, and he had on hand a good supply of beef-cattle to be driven along on the hoof. Of forage, the supply was limited, being of oats and corn enough for five days, but I knew that within that time we would reach a country well stocked with corn, which had been gathered and stored in cribs, seemingly for our use, by Governor Brown's militia.
Colonel Poe [N 3], United States Engineers, of my staff, had been busy in his special task of destruction. He had a large force at work, had leveled the great depot, round house, and the machine-shops of the Georgia Railroad, and had applied fire to the wreck. One of these machine-shops had been used by the rebels as an arsenal, and in it were stored piles of shot and shell, some of which proved to be loaded, and that night was made hideous by the bursting of shells, whose fragments came uncomfortably, near Judge Lyon's house, in which I was quartered. The fire also reached the block of stores near the depot, and the heart of the city was in flames all night, but the fire did not reach the parts of Atlanta where the court-house was, or the great mass of dwelling houses.

text: After a plea by Father Thomas O'Reilly of the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, Sherman did not burn the city's churches or hospitals.[90] However, the remaining war resources were then destroyed in Atlanta and in Sherman's March to the Sea. One of the major buildings that was destroyed was Edward A. Vincent's railroad depot, built in 1853. In his diary, Capt. Poe would bemoan the "destruction of private property" that occurred.[91]

text: Sherman's march to the sea begins (November 15–16, 1864)[edit]

text: On November 15, the work of destroying the military assets continued in downtown under Capt. Poe, while the bulk of the Union forces began their "March to the Sea". The Union forces now consisted of approximately 60,000 men divided into two wings; each wing comprised two Corps. The right wing under Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard took the McDonough Road (later Capital Ave.) following the Macon & Western Railroad towards Jonesboro while the left wing, commanded by Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum,  took Decatur Street along the Georgia Railroad towards Decatur and Stone Mountain.[92]

text: The XVII Corps, commanded by Major General Frank P. Blair Jr, marched south along the McDonough road, and moved, via McDonough and Jackson, to the Ocmulgee River, at Planters Factory.[93] The XV Corps, commanded by Major General Peter J. Osterhaus, followed the XVII Corps on the McDonough Road.[94]

text: The, 4th Division of the XV Corps was north of Atlanta and "by consecutive marches passed through Kingston, Allatoona, and Marietta, and arrived at Atlanta on the morning of the 15th [November] just as the Fifteenth Corps debouched from the town. Twenty days' supplies were loaded on the trains, and the command moved to overtake the corps, and encamped near East Point on the night of the 15th". The XV Corps arrived in the vicinity of McDonough on the 16th.[94]

text: The XX Corps, commanded by Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, took Decatur Street following the Georgia Railroad through Decatur and past Stone Mountain. Their destination was Lithonia. The corps camped near the Georgia railroad, south of Stone Mountain on the evening of the 15th and near Rock Bridge Post-Office on the 16th.[95]

text: The XIV Corps, commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, having been north of Atlanta in Rome, reached Atlanta on the morning of November 15. The corps bivouacked in the suburbs of the city. The remainder of the day and night was spent in issuing clothing to the men, filling up empty wagons with provisions, equalizing and assigning trains to the different commands with a view to rapid marching. The XIV Corps left Atlanta on the 16th, taking the Decatur Rd, passed through Decatur and then moved to Covington.[96]

text: As Gen. Sherman departed Atlanta at 7:00 a.m. on Nov. 16 with the army, he noted his handiwork:[92]

text: ... We rode out of Atlanta by the Decatur road, filled by the marching troops and wagons of the Fourteenth Corps; and reaching the hill, just outside of the old rebel works, we naturally paused to look back upon the scenes of our past battles. We stood upon the very ground whereon was fought the bloody battle of July 22d, and could see the copse of wood where McPherson fell. Behind us lay Atlanta, smoldering and in ruins, the black smoke rising high in air, and hanging like a pall over the ruined city.

text: Atlantans return (Nov. 17, 1864 – May 4, 1865)[edit]

text: After the Union forces left Atlanta, one of the first Atlantans to return was Zachary Rice. On Nov. 20, 1864, Mr. Rice reported that, "there is not a house standing on Whitehall Street from Rowark's corner to Wesley Chapel on Peachtree Street and on Marietta from the street running from the Baptist church ..." He goes on to report that:

text: Mr. Rice reports that all of the churches near City Hall were saved but that the new Episcopal and Pain's churches were destroyed.[97][98]

text: In a letter to his wife, dated Dec. 1, 1864, James R. Crew, Mayor Calhoun's emissary to Gen. Sherman wrote,

text: He also notes that many private homes were destroyed and that Dr. Quintard's "Rebel" chapel had been destroyed.  Mr. Crew estimates that two-thirds of the city had been destroyed.[97]

text:
On Nov. 26, 1864, the commander of the Georgia state troops, Gen. Howell Cobb, appointed Col. Luther J. Glenn as the commander of the post of Atlanta. On Dec. 5, 1864, Capt. Thomas L. Dodd was appointed as the Atlanta Provost-Marshal.[99]
On Nov. 25, 1864, Gov. Joseph E. Brown ordered Gen. W. P. Howard to inspect the State property in Atlanta, and the city itself, and protect the same.[100]

text: Gen. Howard's report, dated Dec. 7, 1864, details the destruction that he witnessed. His report states that several major buildings were not destroyed, including the City Hall, the Gate City hotel, the Masonic Hall, the Medical College, and several of the churches located downtown. His report also relays to Gov. Brown that "The property of the State was destroyed by fire, yet a vast deal of valuable material remains in the ruins. Three-fourths of the bricks are good and will be suitable for rebuilding if placed under shelter before freezing weather. There is a quantity of brass in the journals of burned cars and in the ruins of the various machinery of the extensive railroad shops; also, a valuable amount of copper from the guttering of the State depot, the flue pipes of destroyed engines, stop cocks of machinery, etc." His report also states that many businesses, private homes, and several churches were destroyed. In addition to the destruction caused by the war, Gen. Howard notes that: "There were about 250 wagons in the city on my arrival, loading with pilfered plunder; pianoes, mirrors, furniture of all kinds, iron, hides without number, and an incalculable amount of other things, very valuable at the present time. This exportation of stolen property had been going on ever since the place had been abandoned by the enemy. Bushwhackers, robbers and deserters, and citizens from the surrounding country for a distance of fifty miles have been engaged in this dirty work." [99][100]

text: The destruction of Atlanta was the result of nine major events that began in the summer of 1863 and culminated with the fires set as the Federal troops left the city on Nov 15, 1864. The events are as follows:[101]

text:
The construction of the Confederate fortification around Atlanta during the summer of 1863.
The Siege of Atlanta and the ensuing bombardment July 20 – August 25, 1864.
The Federal demolition of houses behind their lines to the Chattahoochee River for shelter and firewood.
Fighting around Atlanta and the destruction of homes by both sides in the no-man's-land between the two armies.
Confederate evacuation and destruction of military supplies and the rolling mill, Sept. 1-2, 1864.
Occupation of the city and surrounding towns and the building of "shanties" for shelter by the Federal troops.
The construction of the inner defensive ring by the Federal troops during October 1864.
The authorized destruction of the rail road, factories, warehouses and other military assets, by the Federal troops, Nov 12 – 15, 1864.
The unauthorized fires set by the Federal troops Nov. 11-15, 1864.

text: During the month of Dec. 1864, articles appeared in several newspapers about the destruction of Atlanta. On December 10, 1864, Atlanta Intelligence published a front-only broadside (a one-page newspaper). This broadside emphasized what was still standing rather than what was destroyed in order to encourage the citizens of Atlanta to return to the city and rebuild. The article states: "to our absent citizens we would say return as soon as possible, with one mind commence to extricate ourselves from the ruin detailed upon us ..."[102] In a second article published on Dec. 22, 1864, the paper's editors reported that: "As you reach the city limits, you see the awful effects of one vast extended conflagration. A city destroyed by FIRE! Two-thirds at least devoured by flames. Doomed to utter desolation, one-third of Atlanta still lives. This will be the nucleus, the cornerstone, the foundation upon which the city will again be restored. Of this, more anon." The article goes on to describe, street by street, some of the destruction the editors of the paper witnessed.[100][103]

text: On December 21, 1864, the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel published a letter from a correspondent named "Civis". His letter was dated December 15 and reiterated the amount of damage done to Atlanta during the war. The reporter estimated that "about three fourths of the buildings have been torn down or burned, and about nine-tenths of the property value destroyed".[104]

text: Throughout the month of December 1864 more and more citizens returned to the city. An article appeared in the December 15, 1864, issue of the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel. The paper reported that "many of the old citizens are returning, and the general watchword is repair and rebuild". The article states that "Whit Anderson had opened a barroom on Decatur Street where he serves his customers with dignity and grace and Sid Holland a small grocery on Peachtree Street". The article goes on to describe a city rebuilding.[99]

text: Elections were held with James Calhoun being reelected as Mayor. The city council held its first meeting on Jan. 6, 1865; the city treasury held $1.64. Rev. H. C. Horandy preached a service at the First Baptist Church on Sunday, Dec. 25, 1864. By April, 1865, five churches where holding services.[105][106]

text: After the Battle of Bentonville, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Army of Tennessee and all remaining Confederate forces still active in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida at Bennett Place, NC, on April 26, 1865. On May 4, 1865, Union Col. Beroth B. Eggleston of the First Ohio Cavalry received the surrender of Confederate and state troops in Atlanta from Lt. Col. L. J. Glenn, commander of the post of Atlanta.[105][107]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: The fall of Atlanta was especially noteworthy for its political ramifications. The capture and fall of Atlanta were extensively covered by Northern newspapers, and significantly boosted Northern morale. Lincoln was re-elected easily.[108]

text: Following the war Federal troops returned to Atlanta to help enforce the provisions of Reconstruction.[109]


document_title: Growing Up Hip Hop

question_text: how many episodes in growing up hip hop season 1

text: Growing Up Hip Hop

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Cast member
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Romeo Miller
Main

Angela Simmons
Main

Kristinia DeBarge
Main

Boogie Dash
Main

Egypt Criss
Main

TJ Mizell
Main
Supporting

Vanessa Simmons
Supporting
Main

Briana Latrise

Supporting
Main

text: Current[edit]

text: Romeo Miller

text: Angela Simmons

text: Kristinia DeBarge

text: Damon "Boogie" Dash

text: Egypt Criss

text: Vanessa Simmons (Season 3–present) (supporting cast member in seasons 1–2)

text: Briana Latrise (Season 4–present) (supporting cast member in seasons 2–3)

text: Former[edit]

text: TJ Mizell (Seasons 1–2) (supporting cast member in season 3)

text: Supporting[edit]

text:
Cast member
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Master P
Supporting

Pepa
Supporting

Damon Dash
Supporting

Rev Run
Supporting

Andre King

Supporting

Tahira "Tee Tee" Francis

Supporting

Bow Wow

Supporting

Jojo Simmons

Supporting

text: Current[edit]

text: Master P

text: Pepa

text: Damon Dash

text: Tahira "Tee Tee" Francis (Season 3–present)

text: Jojo Simmons (Season 4–present)

text: Former[edit]

text: Rev Run (Season 1)

text: Andre King (Season 2)

text: Bow Wow (Season 3)

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
6
January 7, 2016 (2016-01-07)
February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)

2
10
October 13, 2016 (2016-10-13)
December 22, 2016 (2016-12-22)

3
10
July 20, 2017
September 21, 2017

4
TBA
May 24, 2018 (2018-05-24)
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

1
1
"The Master Plan"
January 7, 2016 (2016-01-07)
0.84[3]

2
2
"The Struggle Is Real"
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)
0.60[4]

3
3
"Run to Miami"
January 21, 2016 (2016-01-21)
0.71[5]

4
4
"O Romeo, Romeo"
January 28, 2016 (2016-01-28)
0.61[6]

5
5
"Master Player"
February 4, 2016 (2016-02-04)
0.60[7]

6
6
"Master of My Fate"
February 11, 2016 (2016-02-11)
0.65[8]

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

7
1
"Blinged Up, Throne Down"
October 13, 2016 (2016-10-13)
0.60[9]

8
2
"Boogie Down"
October 20, 2016 (2016-10-20)
0.53[10]

9
3
"Run in the Oven"
October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27)
0.59[11]

10
4
"Immaculate Deception"
November 3, 2016 (2016-11-03)
0.52[12]

11
5
"Only God and Janet Would Know"
November 10, 2016 (2016-11-10)
0.53[13]

12
6
"Busta Crime"
November 17, 2016 (2016-11-17)
0.60[14]

13
7
"Straight Trippin'"
December 1, 2016 (2016-12-01)
0.61[15]

14
8
"Denial Ain't Just a River in Egypt"
December 8, 2016 (2016-12-08)
0.58[16]

15
9
"Lie to Fly"
December 15, 2016 (2016-12-15)
0.59[17]

16
10
"Empire State of Mind"
December 22, 2016 (2016-12-22)
0.52[18]

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

17
1
"Cash Me in New Orleans"
July 20, 2017 (2017-07-20)
0.55[19]

18
2
"Bad and Boogie"
July 27, 2017 (2017-07-27)
0.54[20]

19
3
"Bad to the Throne"
August 3, 2017 (2017-08-03)
0.54[21]

20
4
"Gossip Girl"
August 10, 2017 (2017-08-10)
0.60[22]

21
5
"Mo Money Mo Problems"
August 17, 2017 (2017-08-17)
0.51[23]

22
6
"Let's Talk About Pep"
August 24, 2017 (2017-08-24)
0.63[24]

23
7
"Treacherous Waters"
August 31, 2017 (2017-08-31)
0.49[25]

24
8
"Count Your Blessings"
September 7, 2017 (2017-09-07)
0.54[26]

25
9
"Spilling the Tee Tee"
September 14, 2017 (2017-09-14)
0.56[27]

26
10
"Sticks and Bones and Broken Thrones"
September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
0.66[28]

text: Season 4 (2018)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

27
1
"Yo Gotti Got the Next Date?"
May 24, 2018 (2018-05-24)
0.47[29]

28
2
"The Boy Is Mine"
May 31, 2018 (2018-05-31)
0.52[30]

29
3
"Game of Thrones"
June 7, 2018 (2018-06-07)
0.45[31]

30
4
"Blurred Lines"
June 14, 2018 (2018-06-14)
TBD

31
5
"No More Boogie Nights"
June 21, 2018 (2018-06-21)
TBD

32
6
"A Ninja in the Shadows"
June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28)
TBD