document_title: List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha

question_text: which state has the largest number of seats in lok sabha

text: List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha

text: Delimitation of constituencies[edit]

text:
Under the Delimitation Act of 2002, the Delimitation Commission of India has redefined the list of parliamentary constituencies, their constituent assembly segments and reservation status (whether reserved for Scheduled castes (SC) candidates or Scheduled tribes (ST) candidates or unreserved). Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, 2008, which took place in May 2008, was the first state election to use newly demarcated assembly constituencies.[1]
Consequently, all assembly elections scheduled in 2008, viz. in the states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, NCT of Delhi, Mizoram and Rajasthan are based on newly defined assembly constituencies.[2]

text: The size and shape of the Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies are determined, according to section 4 of the Representation of the People Act, 1950, by an independent Delimitation Commission. Under a constitutional amendment of 1976,[3] delimitation was suspended until after the census of 2001. However, certain amendments to the Constitution made in 2001 and 2003 have, while putting a freeze on the total number of existing seats as allocated to various States in the House of People and the State Legislative Assemblies on the basis of 1971 census until the first census to be taken after the year 2026,[3] provided that each State shall be delimited into territorial Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies on the basis of 2001 census and the extent of such constituencies as delimited shall remain frozen until the first census to be taken after the year 2026.[3] The number of seats to be reserved for SC/ ST shall be re-worked out on the basis of 2001 census. The constituency shall be delimited in a manner that the population of each Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency in a State so far as practicable be the same throughout the State.[3]

text: List of constituencies by States/Union Territories[edit]

text:
State/Union Territory
Number of Parliamentary seats

Andhra Pradesh
25

Arunachal Pradesh
2

Assam
14

Bihar
40

Chhattisgarh
11

Goa
2

Gujarat
26

Haryana
10

Himachal Pradesh
4

Jammu and Kashmir
6

Jharkhand
14

Karnataka
28

Kerala
20

Madhya Pradesh
29

Maharashtra
48

Manipur
2

Meghalaya
2

Mizoram
1

Nagaland
1

Odisha
21

Punjab
13

Rajasthan
25

Sikkim
1

Tamil Nadu
39

Telangana
17

Tripura
2

Uttar Pradesh
80

Uttarakhand
5

West Bengal
42

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1

Chandigarh
1

Dadra and Nagar Haveli
1

Daman and Diu
1

Lakshadweep
1

NCT of Delhi
7

Puducherry
1

text: Andhra Pradesh (25)[edit]

text: Constituencies 1 to 17 fall under the State of Telangana and therefore, have been omitted in this table.

text:
Constituency  No.

Constituency Name

Reserved for
(SC/ST/None)

18
Araku
ST

19
Srikakulam
None

20
Vizianagaram
None

21
Visakhapatnam
None

22
Anakapalli
None

23
Kakinada
None

24
Amalapuram
SC

25
Rajahmundry
None

26
Narasapuram
None

27
Eluru
None

28
Machilipatnam
None

29
Vijayawada
None

30
Guntur
None

31
Narasaraopet
None

32
Bapatla
SC

33
Ongole
None

34
Nandyal
None

35
Kurnool
None

36
Anantapur
None

37
Hindupur
None

38
Kadapa
None

39
Nellore
None

40
Tirupati
SC

41
Rajampet
None

42
Chittoor
SC

text: Arunachal Pradesh (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Arunachal West
None

2
Arunachal East
None

text: Assam (14)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Karimganj
SC

2
Silchar
None

3
Autonomous District
ST

4
Dhubri
None

5
Kokrajhar
ST

6
Barpeta
None

7
Gauhati
None

8
Mangaldoi
None

9
Tezpur
None

10
Nowgong
None

11
Kaliabor
None

12
Jorhat
None

13
Dibrugarh
None

14
Lakhimpur
None

text: Bihar (40)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Valmiki Nagar
None

2
Paschim Champaran
None

3
Purvi Champaran
None

4
Sheohar
None

5
Sitamarhi
None

6
Madhubani
None

7
Jhanjharpur
None

8
Supaul
None

9
Araria
None

10
Kishanganj
None

11
Katihar
None

12
Purnia
None

13
Madhepura
None

14
Darbhanga
None

15
Muzaffarpur
None

16
Vaishali
None

17
Gopalganj
SC

18
Siwan
None

19
Maharajganj
None

20
Saran
None

21
Hajipur
SC

22
Ujiarpur
None

23
Samastipur
SC

24
Begusarai
None

25
Khagaria
None

26
Bhagalpur
None

27
Banka
None

28
Munger
None

29
Nalanda
None

30
Patna Sahib
None

31
Pataliputra
None

32
Arrah
None

33
Buxar
None

34
Sasaram
SC

35
Karakat
None

36
Jahanabad
None

37
Aurangabad
None

38
Gaya
SC

39
Nawada
None

40
Jamui
SC

text: Chhattisgarh (11)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Sarguja
ST

2
Raigarh
ST

3
Janjgir
SC

4
Korba
None

5
Bilaspur
None

6
Rajnandgaon
None

7
Durg
None

8
Raipur
None

9
Mahasamund
None

10
Bastar
ST

11
Kanker
ST

text: Goa (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
North Goa
None

2
South Goa
None

text: Gujarat (26)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Kachchh
SC

2
Banaskantha
None

3
Patan
None

4
Mahesana
None

5
Sabarkantha
None

6
Gandhinagar
None

7
Ahmedabad East
None

8
Ahmedabad West
SC

9
Surendranagar
None

10
Rajkot
None

11
Porbandar
None

12
Jamnagar
None

13
Junagadh
None

14
Amreli
None

15
Bhavnagar
None

16
Anand
None

17
Kheda
None

18
Panchmahal
None

19
Dahod
ST

20
Vadodara
None

21
Chhota Udaipur
ST

22
Bharuch
None

23
Bardoli
ST

24
Surat
None

25
Navsari
None

26
Valsad
ST

text: Haryana (10)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Ambala
SC

2
Kurukshetra
None

3
Sirsa
SC

4
Hissar
None

5
Karnal
None

6
Sonepat
None

7
Rohtak
None

8
Bhiwani-Mahendragarh
None

9
Gurgaon
None

10
Faridabad
None

text: Himachal Pradesh (4)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Kangra
None

2
Mandi
None

3
Hamirpur
None

4
Shimla
SC

text: Jammu and Kashmir (6)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Baramulla
None

2
Srinagar
None

3
Anantnag
None

4
Ladakh
None

5
Udhampur
None

6
Jammu
None

text: Jharkhand (14)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Rajmahal
ST

2
Dumka
ST

3
Godda
None

4
Chatra
None

5
Kodarma
None

6
Giridih
None

7
Dhanbad
None

8
Ranchi
None

9
Jamshedpur
None

10
Singhbhum
ST

11
Khunti
ST

12
Lohardaga
ST

13
Palamau
SC

14
Hazaribagh
None

text: Karnataka (28)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Chikkodi
None

2
Belagavi
None

3
Bagalkot
None

4
Bijapur
SC

5
Kalaburagi
SC

6
Raichur
ST

7
Bidar
None

8
Koppal
None

9
Bellary
ST

10
Haveri
None

11
Dharwad
None

12
Uttara Kannada
None

13
Davanagere
None

14
Shimoga
None

15
Udupi Chikmagalur
None

16
Hassan
None

17
Dakshina Kannada
None

18
Chitradurga
SC

19
Tumkur
None

20
Mandya
None

21
Mysore
None

22
Chamarajanagar
SC

23
Bangalore Rural
None

24
Bangalore North
None

25
Bangalore Central
None

26
Bangalore South
None

27
Chikballapur
None

28
Kolar
SC

text: Kerala (20)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Kasaragod
None

2
Kannur
None

3
Vatakara
None

4
Wayanad
None

5
Kozhikode
None

6
Malappuram
None

7
Ponnani
None

8
Palakkad
None

9
Alathur
SC

10
Thrissur
None

11
Chalakudy
None

12
Ernakulam
None

13
Idukki
None

14
Kottayam
None

15
Alappuzha
None

16
Mavelikara
SC

17
Pathanamthitta
None

18
Kollam
None

19
Attingal
None

20
Thiruvananthapuram
None

text: Madhya Pradesh (29)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Morena
None

2
Bhind
SC

3
Gwalior
None

4
Guna
None

5
Sagar
None

6
Tikamgarh
SC

7
Damoh
None

8
Khajuraho
None

9
Satna
None

10
Rewa
None

11
Sidhi
None

12
Shahdol
ST

13
Jabalpur
None

14
Mandla
ST

15
Balaghat
None

16
Chhindwara
None

17
Hoshangabad
None

18
Vidisha
None

19
Bhopal
None

20
Rajgarh
None

21
Dewas
SC

22
Ujjain
SC

23
Mandsaur
None

24
Ratlam
ST

25
Dhar
ST

26
Indore
None

27
Khargone
ST

28
Khandwa
None

29
Betul
ST

text: Maharashtra (48)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Nandurbar
ST

2
Dhule
None

3
Jalgaon
None

4
Raver
None

5
Buldhana
None

6
Akola
None

7
Amravati
SC

8
Wardha
None

9
Ramtek
SC

10
Nagpur
None

11
Bhandara–Gondiya
None

12
Gadchiroli–Chimur
ST

13
Chandrapur
None

14
Yavatmal–Washim
None

15
Hingoli
None

16
Nanded
None

17
Parbhani
None

18
Jalna
None

19
Aurangabad
None

20
Dindori
ST

21
Nashik
None

22
Palghar
ST

23
Bhiwandi
None

24
Kalyan
None

25
Thane
None

26
Mumbai North
None

27
Mumbai North West
None

28
Mumbai North East
None

29
Mumbai North Central
None

30
Mumbai South Central
None

31
Mumbai South
None

32
Raigad
None

33
Maval
None

34
Pune
None

35
Baramati
None

36
Shirur
None

37
Ahmednagar
None

38
Shirdi
SC

39
Beed
None

40
Osmanabad
None

41
Latur
SC

42
Solapur
SC

43
Madha
None

44
Sangli
None

45
Satara
None

46
Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg
None

47
Kolhapur
None

48
Hatkanangle
None

text: Manipur (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Inner Manipur
None

2
Outer Manipur
ST

text: Meghalaya (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Shillong
ST

2
Tura
ST

text: Mizoram (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Mizoram
ST

text: Nagaland (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Nagaland
None

text: Odisha (21)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Bargarh
None

2
Sundargarh
ST

3
Sambalpur
None

4
Keonjhar
ST

5
Mayurbhanj
ST

6
Balasore
None

7
Bhadrak
SC

8
Jajpur
SC

9
Dhenkanal
None

10
Bolangir
None

11
Kalahandi
None

12
Nabarangpur
ST

13
Kandhamal
None

14
Cuttack
None

15
Kendrapara
None

16
Jagatsinghpur
SC

17
Puri
None

18
Bhubaneswar
None

19
Aska
None

20
Berhampur
None

21
Koraput
ST

text: Punjab (13)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Gurdaspur
None

2
Amritsar
None

3
Khadoor Sahib
None

4
Jalandhar
SC

5
Hoshiarpur
SC

6
Anandpur Sahib
None

7
Ludhiana
None

8
Fatehgarh Sahib
SC

9
Faridkot
SC

10
Firozpur
None

11
Bathinda
None

12
Sangrur
None

13
Patiala
None

text: Rajasthan (25)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Ganganagar
SC

2
Bikaner
SC

3
Churu
None

4
Jhunjhunu
None

5
Sikar
None

6
Jaipur Rural
None

7
Jaipur
None

8
Alwar
None

9
Bharatpur
SC

10
Karauli-Dholpur
SC

11
Dausa
ST

12
Tonk-Sawai Madhopur
None

13
Ajmer
None

14
Nagaur
None

15
Pali
None

16
Jodhpur
None

17
Barmer
None

18
Jalore
None

19
Udaipur
ST

20
Banswara
ST

21
Chittorgarh
None

22
Rajsamand
None

23
Bhilwara
None

24
Kota
None

25
Jhalawar-Baran
None

text: Sikkim (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for (SC/ST/None)

1
Sikkim
None

text: Tamil Nadu (39)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for (SC/ST/None)

1
Thiruvallur
SC

2
Chennai North
None

3
Chennai South
None

4
Chennai Central
None

5
Sriperumbudur
None

6
Kancheepuram
SC

7
Arakkonam
None

8
Vellore
None

9
Krishnagiri
None

10
Dharmapuri
None

11
Tiruvannamalai
None

12
Arani
None

13
Villupuram
SC

14
Kallakurichi
None

15
Salem
None

16
Namakkal
None

17
Erode
None

18
Tiruppur
None

19
Nilgiris
SC

20
Coimbatore
None

21
Pollachi
None

22
Dindigul
None

23
Karur
None

24
Tiruchirappalli
None

25
Perambalur
None

26
Cuddalore
None

27
Chidambaram
SC

28
Mayiladuturai
None

29
Nagapattinam
SC

30
Thanjavur
None

31
Sivaganga
None

32
Madurai
None

33
Theni
None

34
Virudhunagar
None

35
Ramanathapuram
None

36
Thoothukudi
None

37
Tenkasi
SC

38
Tirunelveli
None

39
Kanyakumari
None

text: Telangana (17)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Adilabad
ST

2
Peddapalle
SC

3
Karimnagar
None

4
Nizamabad
None

5
Zahirabad
None

6
Medak
None

7
Malkajgiri
None

8
Secunderabad
None

9
Hyderabad
None

10
Chevella
None

11
Mahbubnagar
None

12
Nagarkurnool
SC

13
Nalgonda
None

14
Bhongir
None

15
Warangal
SC

16
Mahabubabad
ST

17
Khammam
None

text: Tripura (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Tripura West
None

2
Tripura East
ST

text: Uttar Pradesh(80)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Saharanpur
None

2
Kairana
None

3
Muzaffarnagar
None

4
Bijnor
None

5
Nagina
SC

6
Moradabad
None

7
Rampur
None

8
Sambhal
None

9
Amroha
None

10
Meerut
None

11
Baghpat
None

12
Ghaziabad
None

13
Gautam Buddha Nagar
None

14
Bulandshahr
SC

15
Aligarh
None

16
Hathras
SC

17
Mathura
None

18
Agra
SC

19
Fatehpur Sikri
None

20
Firozabad
None

21
Mainpuri
None

22
Etah
None

23
Badaun
None

24
Aonla
None

25
Bareilly
None

26
Pilibhit
None

27
Shahjahanpur
SC

28
Kheri
None

29
Dhaurahra
None

30
Sitapur
None

31
Hardoi
SC

32
Misrikh
SC

33
Unnao
None

34
Mohanlalganj
SC

35
Lucknow
None

36
Rae Bareli
None

37
Amethi
None

38
Sultanpur
None

39
Pratapgarh
None

40
Farrukhabad
None

41
Etawah
SC

42
Kannauj
None

43
Kanpur Urban
None

44
Akbarpur
None

45
Jalaun
SC

46
Jhansi
None

47
Hamirpur
None

48
Banda
None

49
Fatehpur
None

50
Kaushambi
SC

51
Phulpur
None

52
Allahabad
None

53
Barabanki
SC

54
Faizabad
None

55
Ambedkar Nagar
None

56
Bahraich
SC

57
Kaiserganj
None

58
Shrawasti
None

59
Gonda
None

60
Domariyaganj
None

61
Basti
None

62
Sant Kabir Nagar
None

63
Maharajganj
None

64
Gorakhpur
None

65
Kushi Nagar
None

66
Deoria
None

67
Bansgaon
SC

68
Lalganj
SC

69
Azamgarh
None

70
Ghosi
None

71
Salempur
None

72
Ballia
None

73
Jaunpur
None

74
Machhlishahr
SC

75
Ghazipur
None

76
Chandauli
None

77
Varanasi
None

78
Bhadohi
None

79
Mirzapur
None

80
Robertsganj
SC

text: Uttarakhand (5)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Tehri Garhwal
None

2
Garhwal
None

3
Almora
SC

4
Nainital-Udhamsingh Nagar
None

5
Haridwar
None

text: West Bengal (42)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Cooch Behar
SC

2
Alipurduars
ST

3
Jalpaiguri
SC

4
Darjeeling
None

5
Raiganj
None

6
Balurghat
None

7
Maldaha Uttar
None

8
Maldaha Dakshin
None

9
Jangipur
None

10
Baharampur
None

11
Murshidabad
None

12
Krishnanagar
None

13
Ranaghat
SC

14
Bangaon
SC

15
Barrackpur
None

16
Dum Dum
None

17
Barasat
None

18
Basirhat
None

19
Jaynagar
SC

20
Mathurapur
SC

21
Diamond Harbour
None

22
Jadavpur
None

23
Kolkata Dakshin
None

24
Kolkata Uttar
None

25
Howrah
None

26
Uluberia
None

27
Srerampur
None

28
Hooghly
None

29
Arambag
SC

30
Tamluk
None

31
Kanthi
None

32
Ghatal
None

33
Jhargram
ST

34
Medinipur
None

35
Purulia
None

36
Bankura
None

37
Bishnupur
SC

38
Bardhaman Purba
SC

39
Bardhaman-Durgapur
None

40
Asansol
None

41
Bolpur
SC

42
Birbhum
None

text: Constituencies in the Union Territories[edit]

text:
Constituencies of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Constituencies of Chandigarh

Constituencies of Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Constituencies of Daman and Diu

Constituencies of Lakshadweep

Constituencies of National Capital Territory of Delhi

Constituencies of Puducherry

text: Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
None

text: Chandigarh (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Chandigarh
None

text: Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
ST

text: Daman and Diu (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Daman and Diu
None

text: Lakshadweep (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Lakshadweep
ST

text: NCT of Delhi (7)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Chandni Chowk
None

2
North East Delhi
None

3
East Delhi
None

4
New Delhi
None

5
North West Delhi
SC

6
West Delhi
None

7
South Delhi
None

text: Puducherry (1)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Puducherry
None

text: Nominated Anglo-Indians (2)[edit]

text:
Constituency  No.
Constituency
Reserved for  (SC/ST/None)

1
Anglo-Indian reserved seats
None

2
None


document_title: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

question_text: where do they get the tree for rockefeller center

root

text: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

text: Selection and decoration[edit]

text: Trees are traditionally donated to Rockefeller Center, which in turn donates the lumber after display. Until his death in 2009, the late David Murbach,[4] Manager of the Gardens Division of Rockefeller Center, scouted for the desired tree in upstate New York and surrounding states, and even Ottawa, Canada.[5]

tag: p

text: The trees are now scouted by Erik Pauzé, Head Gardener at Rockefeller Center. Pauzé visits nurseries throughout the tri-state area while keeping his eye out for one-of-a-kind backyard trees. Trees may also be submitted for consideration through Rockefeller Center's web site. Pauzé and his team choose each year’s tree based on its heartiness and “Christmas tree shape,” as well as its ability to support the heavy ornaments.[6]

text: Once a tree is selected, a crane supports the tree while it is cut, then moved to a custom telescoping trailer able to transport trees up to 125 feet (38 m) tall, although the width of city streets around Rockefeller Center limits the height of the tree to 100 feet (30 m). Local business Christmas Tree Brooklyn provides support in delivering the tree safely into the city. On its way to Manhattan, the tree is often dressed in giant red bows or banners extending holiday greetings to witnesses. Trucks, barges, and even a transport plane have all been used to help the tree make the trip.[7]

text: Once at Rockefeller Center, the tree is supported[8] by four guy-wires attached at its midpoint and by a steel spike at its base. Scaffolding is erected around the tree to assist workers in hanging about 50,000 multi-colored LED lights and the star top.[9] The crystal star that has topped the tree since 2004 is 9.5 feet (2.9 m) in diameter and weighs 550 pounds (250 kg). This "Swarovski Star," containing 25,000 Swarovski crystals, 1 million facets, and LED lights, was created by German artist Michael Hammers.[10][11]

text: History[edit]

text: Although the official Christmas tree tradition at Rockefeller Center began in 1933 (the year 30 Rockefeller Plaza opened), an unofficial tradition began during the Depression-era construction of the Center, when workers decorated a smaller 20 foot (6.1 m) balsam fir with "strings of cranberries, garlands of paper, and even a few tin cans" on Christmas Eve (December 24, 1931), as recounted by Daniel Okrent in his history of Rockefeller Center.[12] According to Rockefeller Center, workers pooled their money for that unlit tree, with the garlands made by workers' families.

text: With the lighting of the 50-foot-tall (15 m) first official tree two years later, the tree became what Rockefeller Center dubbed "a holiday beacon for New Yorkers and visitors alike." A skating rink was opened below the tree in the plaza in 1936.[2] Rockefeller Center has observed the tree to be "from the beginning ... a gathering place and reflection of what was happening in the world around it."[13]

text: World War II ushered in simple, patriotic decorations, including red, white and blue unlit globes and painted wooden stars. In 1942, instead of one large tree, three more modest trees were raised, each decorated in one of the flag's colors. From 1944 until the war's end in 1945, the tree went unlit due to blackout regulations.[2] After the war, the year of darkness was left behind, as six ultraviolet light projectors were employed to make it appear as though the tree’s 700 fluorescent globes were glowing in the dark.[2]

text: By the 1950s, workers began using scaffolding to decorate the tree, as larger trees were accommodated. Before the decade was over, the decorating process called for 20 workers and nine days.[14] 1951 marked the first time that NBC televised the tree lighting with a special on "The Kate Smith Show."[2]

text: In 1969, artist Valerie Clarebout’s towering wire herald angels were added to the Channel Gardens in front of the tree near Fifth Avenue. Clarebout created the 12 sculptures using 75 points of metal wire each.[15]

text: The 1971 tree, a 65-footer from East Montpelier, Vt., was the first to be mulched and recycled. It was turned into 30 three-bushel bags of mulch for the nature trails of upper Manhattan. Though the tree typically makes its journey on a truck bed, in 1998 it was flown in from Richfield, Ohio on the world’s largest transport plane.[2]

text: 1999 saw Rockefeller Center's tallest tree, a 100 foot (30 m) spruce from Killingworth, Conn.[16] In 2001, following the events of September 11, the tree was again decorated in hues of red, white and blue.[17]

text: In 2007, the tree went "green", converting to energy-efficient lighting with LEDs.[18] [19] The LEDs use 1,200 fewer kilowatts of electricity per day, enough to power a 2,000-square-foot home for a month.[2]

text: Also since 2007, each year after display, the tree has been milled into lumber and donated to Habitat for Humanity for use in house construction. [20]

text: The 2016 tree, a Norway Spruce from Oneonta, N.Y., is at 94 feet high the second tallest ever erected at Rockefeller Center. At 56 feet wide and over 30,000 pounds, the tree is the widest and heaviest to date, according to construction crews. [21]

text: Since 2011, the tree lighting ceremony has been followed by the singing of Joy to the World.

text: The decorated tree remains on display at Rockefeller Plaza, between West 48th and 51st Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues, at least through January 6 of the new year.

text: More than a half million people pass by the tree each day while it is on display, according to Rockefeller Center.[22]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Since 1997, the lighting ceremony has been broadcast live on NBC in the first hour of primetime, live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and on tape elsewhere.[23] The ceremony is hosted by Today's Al Roker and Savannah Guthrie.

text: Yearly tree details[edit]

text:
Year
Original location
Tree type
Height
Lighting

2017
State College, PA[24]
Norway spruce
75 ft
November 29, 2017

2016
Oneonta, NY[25]
Norway spruce
94 ft
November 30, 2016

2015
Gardiner, NY[26]
Norway spruce
78 ft
December 2, 2015

2014
Danville, PA[27]
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 3, 2014

2013
Shelton, CT[28]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2013

2012
Flanders, NJ[29]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 28, 2012

2011
Mifflinville, PA
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2011

2010
Mahopac, NY[30]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2010

2009
Easton, CT[31]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 2, 2009

2008
Hamilton, NJ[32]
Norway spruce
72 ft
December 3, 2008

2007
Shelton, CT[33]
Norway spruce
84 ft
November 28, 2007

2006
Ridgefield, CT[34]
Norway spruce
88 ft
November 29, 2006

2005
Wayne, NJ[35]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2005

2004
Suffern, NY[36]
Norway spruce
71 ft
November 30, 2004

2003
Manchester, CT[36]
Norway spruce
79 ft
December 3, 2003

2002
Bloomsbury, NJ[37]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2002

2001
Wayne, NJ
Norway spruce
81 ft
November 28, 2001

2000
Buchanan, NY[38]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 29, 2000

1999
Killingworth, CT[39]
Norway spruce
100 ft*
December 1, 1999

1998
Richfield, OH[40]
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 2, 1998

1997
Stony Point, NY
Norway spruce
70 ft
December 2, 1997

1996
Armonk, NY[41]
Norway spruce
90 ft
December 3, 1996

1995
Mendham, NJ
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 5, 1995

1994
Ridgefield, CT
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 2, 1994

1989
Montebello, NY[42]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1986
Nanuet, NY[43]
Norway spruce
68 ft

1980
Mahwah, NJ[44]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1978
Mahwah, NJ[45]
Norway spruce
75 ft

1963
Rockaway, NJ
Bruce Fir, Veit
84 ft

1957
Brighton, VT[46]
White spruce
67 ft

tag: table

text: *Tallest Tree on Record

tag: ul


document_title: Inva Mula

question_text: who played the opera singer in the fifth element

text: Inva Mula

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Mula was born in Tirana, Albania to an Albanian father from Gjakove and a Russian mother. In 1987 she won the Cantante d'Albania competition in Tirana and in 1988 the George Enescu Competition in Bucharest. In 1992 she won the Butterfly competition in Barcelona. She received an award at Plácido Domingo's first Operalia International Opera Competition contest in Paris, 1993. A CD of the event was released.

text: She later performed in various concerts at the Opéra Bastille in Paris, and in Brussels for Europalia Mexico, in Munich, and in Oslo. In 1996 she performed Luigi Cherubini's opera Médée (which was taped for TV) at Compiègne in France. She then returned for Georges Bizet's opera La Jolie fille de Perth (released CD, filmed for TV, and released DVD in Japan) in 1998. After this she recorded Puccini's La Rondine with Angela Gheorghiu for EMI and for 2005's stage production she took Gheorghiu's place in the leading role of Magda during performances in Toulouse and Paris. Later on, she performed Bizet's Ivan IV concert version, which had its recital debut at Salle Pleyel in Paris, and a live recording was released as CD. In 2001, she was busy in Italy, performing Verdi's Falstaff at the Teatro alla Scala and Rigoletto at the Verona Arena, both of which were taped for TV then released on DVD.

text: Mula has sung in Lucia di Lammermoor, La bohème, and Manon, among others. She is also a renowned Violetta in La Traviata, and has sung the role in many cities around the world, including Tokyo, Bilbao, Orange, Trieste, and Toronto. In 2007, she performed Adina in L'elisir d'amore at Toulouse, and in 2009 she sang the title role in Gounod's Mireille with the Paris Opera at the Palais Garnier, a performance that was issued on DVD.

text: She is often accompanied by the French-Albanian pianist Genc Tukiçi.[1]

text: Her ex-husband Pirro Çako is a well-known singer and composer from Albania, so she used the spelling Tchako rather than Çako. However, after mid-1990 she began using the name Inva Mula, and never returned to the old one. They are now divorced. Her current husband is Hetem Ramadani, a businessman from Kosovo.[2]

text: In film[edit]

text: Mula is perhaps best known to Western filmgoers as the voice of the Diva Plavalaguna (played on-screen by Maïwenn Le Besco) in the 1997 film The Fifth Element, where she is credited using her (then) married name as Inva Mulla Tchako. She performed the aria "Oh, giusto cielo!...Il dolce suono" (the mad scene) from Gaetano Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor and "The Diva Dance".

text: Director Luc Besson adored Maria Callas, but the sound quality of her 1956 EMI Classics recording of "Lucia" wasn't clear enough to use on a film soundtrack, so Callas's agent Michel Glotz, who had produced this recording, introduced him to Mula.[citation needed]


document_title: Philipsburg Manor

question_text: who owned the philipsburg manor before the break up

text: Philipsburg Manor

text: Philipsburg Manor (sometimes referred to as Philipse Manor) was an English manor located north of New York City in the Province of New York. It lasted from 1693 until 1779. The land was part of a Dutch patroonship owned by Adriaen van der Donck but was later purchased by Frederick Philipse I. Philipse was granted a royal charter in 1693, creating the manor as a legal entity. After Philipse's death, the manor was split between his son and grandson, both of whom continued to develop the manor. The Philipses engaged in the Atlantic slave trade, using Africans to construct most of the buildings on the property. The tenant farmers on the manor also represented a diverse population of Europeans.

text: The manor's property was eventually sold at auction after Loyalist Frederick Philipse III was attainted for treason by New York's revolutionary government and his land was confiscated. Some of the original structures still stand, including the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow, Philipse Manor Hall (the family seat) in Yonkers, and the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, all of which are National Historic Landmarks.

text: History[edit]

text: The land that would become Philipsburg Manor was first bought from Adriaen van der Donck, who had invested in an unsuccessful Dutch patroonship in New Netherland before the English takeover in 1664. Frederick Philipse I, Thomas Delavall, and Thomas Lewis purchased the first tracts of land in 1672 in current-day northern Yonkers. Philipse made several additional purchases between 1680 and 1686 from the Wiechquaeskeck and Sinsink Indian tribes, expanding the property both north and south of the previous purchase; he also bought a small plot of land from the Tappans west of the Hudson River. The manor comprised about 52,000 acres (21,000 ha) of land. Philipse also bought out his partners' stakes during this time.[1]

text: The estate's boundaries were the Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the south, the Croton River to the north, the Hudson River to the west, and the Bronx River to the east. Philipse was granted a royal charter in 1693, creating the Manor of Philipsburg and making him first lord of the manor. Along with the three other main manors of the colony—Rensselaerswyck, Cortlandt, and Livingston—Philipsburg created one of the richest and most powerful families in the colony.[2] When Philipse died in 1702, the manor was divided between his son, Adolphus Philipse, and his grandson, Frederick Philipse II. Adolph received the Upper Mills property, which extended from Dobbs Ferry to the Croton River. Frederick II was given the Lower Mills at the confluence of the Saw Mill and Hudson Rivers; the two parcels were reunited on his uncle's death. Frederick II's son, Frederick III, became the third lord of the manor in 1751.[1]

text: The Philipses used African slaves to build various structures at the Upper Mills and Lower Mills. The Upper Mills saw the building of two gristmills on the Pocantico River as well as a stone manor house, wharf, cooperage, and bake house. Most of the structures were completed by 1697, including the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, now a National Historic Landmark. The Lower Mills saw a gristmill and manor house built on the north bank of the Neperhan River. The Philipses' aim was to make the manor a center for agriculture, which the achieved.[citation needed]

text: The slaves came from 22 African cultures from Kongo-Angola. In the 18th century, tenant farmers moved in from Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, Germany, and even elsewhere within North America. By the beginning of the American Revolution in 1776, the population was about 1,000, up from 200 at the time of Frederick I's death.[1]

text: In 1779, Frederick Philipse III, a Loyalist, was attainted for treason along with his family. The manor was confiscated and sold at public auction, and the land was split between 287 buyers. The largest tract of land (about 750 acres (300 ha)), the Upper Mills, was passed to numerous owners until 1951, when it was acquired by Sleepy Hollow Restorations (now Historic Hudson Valley). Thanks to the philanthropy of John D. Rockefeller Jr., about 20 acres (8.1 ha) were restored as an historic site known as Philipsburg Manor.[1] The Lower Mills manor house, Philipse Manor Hall, served as Yonkers City Hall from 1872 until 1908.[3] Both houses became National Historic Landmarks on November 5, 1961[4][5] and are now house museums.


document_title: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)

question_text: where was charlie and the choclate factory filmed

text: Plot

text: Charlie Bucket (Freddie Highmore) is a poor boy who lives near the Wonka Candy Company. The company's owner, Willy Wonka (Johnny Depp), has for long closed access to his factory due to problems concerning industrial espionage that led him to fire all his employees, among them Charlie's Grandpa Joe (David Kelly). One day, Wonka announces a contest, in which Golden Tickets have been placed in five random Wonka Bars worldwide, and the winners will be given a full tour of the factory as well as a lifetime supply of chocolate, while one ticketholder will be given a special prize at the end of the tour.

text: Wonka's sales subsequently skyrocket, and the first four tickets are found fairly quickly. The recipients are Augustus Gloop (Philip Wiegratz), a gluttonous German boy; Veruca Salt (Julia Winter), a very spoiled English girl; Violet Beauregarde (AnnaSophia Robb), a competitive gum chewer, and Mike Teavee (Jordan Fry), an arrogant television and video game addict. Charlie tries twice to find a ticket, but both bars come up empty. After overhearing that the final ticket was found in Russia, Charlie finds a ten-dollar note, and purchases a Wonka Bar at a news shop. At the exact moment it was revealed that the Russian ticket was forged, Charlie discovers the real fifth ticket inside the wrapper. Charlie first considers an offer of $500 for the ticket, but decides to keep it, and bring Grandpa Joe to accompany him on the factory tour.

text: Charlie and the other ticket holders are greeted by Wonka outside the factory, who then leads them into the facility. During the tour, each of the bad children disobey Wonka's orders after being tempted by something related to their individual character flaws, and suffer various consequences: Augustus is sucked up a chocolate extraction pipe after falling into a chocolate river from which he was drinking, Violet is turned into an oversized blueberry after chewing unstable three-course-meal gum, Veruca is pushed into a garbage chute by worker squirrels after she tries to take one as a pet, and Mike is shrunk with a teleporter that he uses on himself. Wonka's employees, the Oompa-Loompas (Deep Roy) sing a song of morality after each elimination. The children later leave the factory with an exaggerated characteristic or deformity related to their demise – Augustus covered in chocolate, Violet violet-colored, Mike overstretched and Veruca merely covered in garbage.

text: Wonka then invites Charlie to come live and work in the factory with him, and reveals that the purpose of the Golden Tickets and the tour was to make the "least rotten" child the heir of the factory itself. The only catch is that Charlie must leave his family behind, because Wonka believes family is a hindrance while a chocolatier needed creative freedom – a philosophy Wonka developed due to his dentist father, Dr. Wilbur Wonka (Christopher Lee), denying his son candy because of the potential risk to his teeth. After sneaking over a piece of candy, Wonka was instantly hooked, and ran away to follow his dreams.

text: As his family is the most important thing in his life, Charlie refuses Wonka's offer. Charlie and his family are living contently a while later, however Wonka is too depressed to make candy the way he used to, and turns to Charlie for advice. Charlie decides to help Wonka confront and reconcile with his estranged father; Wonka finally realizes the value of family, while his father learns to accept his son for who he is, and not what he does. In the end, Charlie has the chocolate factory, and Wonka has patched up with his family.

text: Cast

text:
Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka

Blair Dunlop as Young Willy Wonka

Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket
David Kelly as Grandpa Joe
Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Bucket
Noah Taylor as Mr. Bucket
Missi Pyle as Mrs. Beauregarde
James Fox as Mr. Salt
Adam Godley as Mr. Teavee
Franziska Troegner as Mrs. Gloop
Christopher Lee as Dr. Wilbur Wonka
Deep Roy as Oompa-Loompas (with vocal work by Danny Elfman)
AnnaSophia Robb as Violet Beauregarde
Philip Wiegratz as Augustus Gloop
Julia Winter as Veruca Salt
Jordan Fry as Mike Teavee
Liz Smith as Grandma Georgina
Eileen Essell as Grandma Josephine
David Morris as Grandpa George
Geoffrey Holder as the Narrator

text: Production

text: Development

text: Author Roald Dahl disapproved of the 1971 film adaptation and declined the film rights to produce the sequel, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator.[5] Warner Bros. and Brillstein-Grey Entertainment entered discussions with the Dahl estate in 1991, hoping to purchase the rights to produce another film version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The purchase was finalized in 1998,[6] with Dahl's widow, Felicity ("Liccy"), and daughter, Lucy, receiving total artistic control and final privilege on the choices of actors, directors and writers. The Dahl Estate's subsequent protection of the source material was the main reason that Charlie and the Chocolate Factory had languished in development hell since the 1990s.[7][8]

text: Scott Frank was hired to write the screenplay in February 1999, after approaching Warner Bros. for the job.[8] Frank, a recent Oscar nominee for the R-rated crime film Out of Sight, wanted to work on a film that his children could enjoy.[9][10][11] As an enthusiastic fan of the book, he intended to remain more truthful to Dahl's vision than the 1971 film had been.[8] Nicolas Cage was under discussions for Willy Wonka, but lost interest.[5][12] Gary Ross signed to direct in February 2000,[13] which resulted in Frank completing two drafts of the screenplay,[11] before leaving with Ross in September 2001.[14] Both Warner Bros. and the Dahl Estate wanted Frank to stay on the project, but he faced scheduling conflicts and contractual obligations with Minority Report (2002) and The Lookout (2007).[11]

text: Rob Minkoff entered negotiations to take the director's position in October 2001,[15] and Gwyn Lurie was hired to start from scratch on a new script in February 2002. Lurie said she would adapt the original book and ignore the 1971 film adaptation. Dahl's estate championed Lurie after being impressed with her work on another Dahl adaptation, a live-action adaptation of The BFG, for Paramount Pictures, which was never made (Paramount distributed the earlier 1971 film version of Charlie, and later sold the rights to WB).[16] In April 2002, Martin Scorsese was involved with the film, albeit briefly, but opted to direct The Aviator instead.[5][12] Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn wanted Tom Shadyac to direct Jim Carrey as Willy Wonka, believing the duo could make Charlie and the Chocolate Factory relevant to mainstream audiences, but Liccy Dahl opposed this.[7]

text: Pre-production

text: After receiving enthusiastic approval from the Dahl Estate, Warner Bros. hired Tim Burton to direct in May 2003.[6] Burton compared the project's languishing development to Batman (1989), which he directed, in how there had been varied creative efforts with both films. He said, "Scott Frank's version was the best, probably the clearest, and the most interesting, but they had abandoned that."[17] Liccy Dahl commented that Burton was the first and only director the estate was happy with. He had previously produced another of the author's adaptations with James and the Giant Peach (1996), and, like Roald and Liccy, disliked the 1971 film because it strayed from the book's storyline.[7]

text:
"As a child, Dahl was the author who I connected to the most. He got the idea of writing a mixture of light and darkness, and not speaking down to kids, and the kind of politically incorrect humor that kids get. I've always liked that, and it's shaped everything I've felt that I've done."

Tim Burton[17]

tag: div

text: During pre-production Burton visited Dahl's former home in the Buckinghamshire village of Great Missenden. Liccy Dahl remembers Burton entering Dahl's famed writing shed and saying, "This is the Buckets' house!" and thinking to herself, "Thank God, somebody gets it." Liccy also showed Burton the original handwritten manuscripts, which Burton discovered were more politically incorrect than the published book. The manuscripts included a child named Herpes, after the sexually transmitted disease.[17] Burton immediately thought of Johnny Depp for the role of Willy Wonka, who in August 2003 joined the film, his fourth collaboration with the director.[18]

text: Lurie's script received a rewrite by Pamela Pettler, who worked with Burton on Corpse Bride, but the director hired Big Fish screenwriter John August in December 2003 to start from scratch.[12] Both August and Burton were fans of the book since their childhoods.[17] August first read Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when he was eight years old, and subsequently sent Dahl a fan letter. He did not see the 1971 film prior to his hiring, which Burton believed would be fundamental in having August stay closer to the book.[19] The writer updated the Mike Teavee character into an obsessive video game player, as compared to the novel, in which he fantasized about violent crime films. The characters Arthur Slugworth and Prodnose were reduced to brief cameo appearances, while Mr. Beauregarde was entirely omitted.[20]

text: Burton and August also worked together in creating Wilbur Wonka, Willy's domineering dentist father. Burton thought the paternal character would help explain Willy Wonka himself and that otherwise he would be "just a weird guy".[3] The element of an estranged father-son relationship had previously appeared in Big Fish, similarly directed by Burton and written by August. Warner Bros. and the director held differences over the characterizations of Charlie Bucket and Willy Wonka. The studio wanted to entirely delete Mr. Bucket and make Willy Wonka the idyllic father figure Charlie had longed for his entire life. Burton believed that Wonka would not be a good father, finding the character similar to a recluse.[21] Burton said, "In some ways, he's more screwed up than the kids." Warner Bros. also wanted Charlie to be a whiz kid, but Burton resisted the characterization. He wanted Charlie to be an average child who would be in the background and not get in trouble.[17]

text: Casting

text: Prior to Burton's involvement, Warner Bros. considered or discussed Willy Wonka with Bill Murray, Christopher Walken, Steve Martin, Robin Williams, Nicolas Cage, Jim Carrey, Michael Keaton, Robert De Niro, Brad Pitt, Will Smith, Mike Myers, Ben Stiller, Leslie Nielsen, John Cleese, Eric Idle, Michael Palin, Patrick Stewart, and Adam Sandler.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Dustin Hoffman and Marilyn Manson reportedly wanted the role as well.[24][30] Pitt's production company, Plan B Entertainment, however, stayed on to co-finance the film with Warner Bros.[7] Coincidentally, Cleese, Idle and Palin (as well as the other three Monty Python members) had all previously expressed interest in playing Wonka in the 1971 film adaptation.[29] Johnny Depp was the only actor Burton considered for the role,[17] although Dwayne Johnson was Burton's second choice in case Depp was unavailable.[31] Depp signed on without reading the script under the intention of going with a completely different approach than what Gene Wilder did in the 1971 film adaptation.[32] Depp said regardless of the original film, Gene Wilder's characterization of Willy Wonka stood out as a unique portrayal.[7]

text: Depp and Burton derived their Willy Wonka from children's television show hosts such as Bob Keeshan (Captain Kangaroo), Fred Rogers, and Al Lewis from The Uncle Al Show, and Depp also took inspiration from various game show hosts.[33] Burton recalled from his childhood that the characters were bizarre but left lasting impressions. He said, "It was kind of a strange amalgamation of these weird children's TV show hosts."[17] Depp based Wonka's look (exaggerated bob cut and sunglasses) on Vogue magazine editor Anna Wintour.[34]

text: Comparisons were drawn between Willy Wonka and Michael Jackson. Burton disagreed with the comparisons and said Jackson, unlike Wonka, liked children.[21] Depp said the similarities with Jackson never occurred to him. Instead, he compared Wonka to Howard Hughes due to his "reclusive, germaphobe, controlling" nature.[33] Burton agreed with the similarity to Hughes. He also cited Charles Foster Kane from Citizen Kane as an inspiration for Wonka, as Kane is "somebody who was brilliant but then was traumatized and then retreats into their own world".[17] Depp wanted to sport prosthetic makeup for the part and have a long, elongated nose, but Burton believed it would be too outrageous. During production, Gene Wilder, in an interview with The Daily Telegraph, accused the filmmakers of only remaking the 1971 film for the purpose of money. Depp said he was disappointed by Wilder's comment, and responded that the film was not a remake, but a new adaptation of Dahl's 1964 book.[3]

text: The casting calls for Charlie Bucket, Violet Beauregarde, Veruca Salt, and Mike Teavee took place in the United States and United Kingdom, while Augustus Gloop's casting took place in Germany. Burton said he sought actors "who had something of the character in them", and found Mike Teavee the hardest character to cast.[17] Burton was finding trouble casting Charlie, until Depp, who had worked with Freddie Highmore on Finding Neverland, suggested Highmore for the part.[5] Highmore had already read the book before, but decided to read it once more prior to auditioning.[35] The actor did not see the original film adaptation, and chose not to see it until after Burton's production, so his portrayal would not be influenced.[36]

text: Before Adam Godley was officially cast as Mr. Teavee, Dan Castellaneta, Tim Allen, Ed O'Neill, Bob Saget, and Ray Romano were all considered for the role.[22]

text: It has been rumored that Gregory Peck was considered for the role of Grandpa Joe.[37] Other actors that were considered for Grandpa Joe included Richard Attenborough, Kirk Douglas, Albert Finney, Anthony Hopkins, Paul Newman, Max von Sydow, David Warner, Christopher Lloyd and Peter Ustinov.[38]

text: Filming

text: Principal photography for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory started on June 21, 2004[12] at Pinewood Studios in England.[39] Director Tim Burton and composer Danny Elfman found filming somewhat difficult because they were simultaneously working on Corpse Bride.[21] The Wonka Factory exterior was coincidentally constructed on the same backlot Burton had used for Gotham City in Batman (1989).[17] The ceremonial scene required 500 local extras.[7] The Chocolate Room/River setpiece filled Pinewood's 007 Stage. As a consequence of British Equity rules, which state that children can only work four and a half hours a day, filming for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory took six months, ending in December 2004.[17]

text: Design

text: The architecture of the Bucket family home was influenced by Burton's visit to Roald Dahl's writing hut. Like the book, the film has a "timeless" setting and is not set in a specific country. "We've tried not to pinpoint it to any place," production designer Alex McDowell explained. "The cars, in fact, drive down the middle of the road."[7] The town, whose design was shaped by the black and white urban photography of Bill Brandt, as well as Pittsburgh and Northern England, is arranged like a medieval village, with Wonka's estate on top and the Bucket shack below.[7] The filmmakers also used fascist architecture for Wonka's factory exterior, and designed most of the sets on 360° sound stages, similar to cycloramas. Burton biographer Mark Salisbury wrote that Charlie and the Chocolate Factory "melds 1950s and '70s visuals with a futuristic sensibility that seems straight out of a 1960s sense of the future."[17] The "TV Room" was patterned after photographs from the films 2001: A Space Odyssey, Danger: Diabolik, and THX 1138. Danger Diabolik also served as inspiration for the Nut Room and Inventing Room.[17]

text: Visual effects

text: Tim Burton avoided using too many digital effects because he wanted the younger actors to feel as if they were working in a realistic environment.[40] As a result, forced perspective techniques, oversized props and scale models were used to avoid computer-generated imagery (CGI).[17] Deep Roy was cast to play the Oompa-Loompas based on his previous collaborations with Burton on Planet of the Apes and Big Fish. The actor was able to play various Oompa-Loompas using split screen photography, digital and front projection effects.[3] "Tim told me that the Oompa-Loompas were strictly programmed, like robots — all they do is work, work, work," Roy commented. "So when it comes time to dance, they're like a regiment; they do the same steps."[41]

text: A practical method was considered for the scene in which Violet Beauregarde turns blue and swells up into a giant 10-foot blueberry. A suit with an air hose was considered at one point for the beginnings of the swelling scene, before the decision was made to do the entire transformation in CGI. The visual effects house Cinesite was recruited for this assignment. In some shots of AnnaSophia Robb's head, a facial prosthetic was worn to give the impression that her cheeks had swelled up as well. Because this decision was made late in the film's production, any traces of Violet's blueberry scene were omitted from trailers or promotional material.

text: Rather than rely on CGI, Burton wanted the 40 squirrels in the Nut Room to be real. The animals were trained every day for 10 weeks before filming commenced. They began their coaching while newborns, fed by bottles to form relationships with human trainers. The squirrels were each taught how to sit upon a little blue bar stool, tap and then open a walnut, and deposit its meat onto a conveyor belt.[7] "Ultimately, the scene was supplemented by CGI and animatronics," Burton said, "but for the close-ups and the main action, they're the real thing."[17] Wonka's Viking boat for the Chocolate River sequence floats down a realistic river filled with 192,000 gallons of faux melted chocolate.[42] "Having seen the first film, we wanted to make the chocolate river look edible," McDowell said. "In the first film, it's so distasteful." The production first considered a CGI river, but Burton was impressed with the artificial substance when he saw how it clung to the boat's oars. Nine shades of chocolate were tested before Burton settled on the proper hue.[7]

text: Music

text: The original music score was written by Danny Elfman, a frequent collaborator with director Tim Burton. Elfman's score is based around three primary themes: a gentle family theme for the Buckets, generally set in upper woodwinds; a mystical, string-driven waltz for Willy Wonka; and a hyper-upbeat factory theme for full orchestra, Elfman's homemade synthesizer samples and the diminutive chanting voices of the Oompa-Loompas.[43]

text: Elfman also wrote and performed the vocals for four songs, with pitch changes and modulations to represent different singers.[44] The lyrics to the Oompa-Loompa songs are adapted from the original book, and are thus credited to Roald Dahl.[43] Following Burton's suggestion, each song in the score is designed to reflect a different archetype.[44] "Wonka's Welcome Song" is a maddeningly cheerful theme park ditty, "Augustus Gloop" a Bollywood spectacle (per Deep Roy's suggestion),[41] "Violet Beauregarde" is 1970s funk, "Veruca Salt" is 1960s bubblegum pop / psychedelic pop, and "Mike Teavee" is a tribute to late 1970s hard rock (such as Queen) and early 1980s hair bands.[43][44]

text: The original motion picture soundtrack was released on July 12, 2005 by Warner Bros. Records.

text: Release

text: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory had its premiere at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre, on July 10, 2005, where money for the Make-a-Wish Foundation was raised.[45] The film was released in the United States on July 15, 2005 in 3,770 theaters[46] (including IMAX theaters).[47]

text: Marketing

text: Early in the development of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in February 2000, Warner Bros. announced their intention of marketing the film[13] with a Broadway theatre musical after release. The studio reiterated their interest in May 2003,[6] however, the idea was postponed by the time filming began in June 2004.[7] The main tie-in for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory focused on The Willy Wonka Candy Company, a division of Nestlé. A small range of Wonka Bars were launched, utilizing their prominence in the film.[48] The release of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory also rekindled public interest in Roald Dahl's 1964 book, and appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list from July 3 to October 23, 2005.[49][50]

text: Box office

text: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory earned $56,178,450 in its opening weekend,[46] the fifth-highest opening weekend gross for 2005, and stayed at #1 for two weeks.[51] The film eventually grossed $206,459,076 in US totals and $268,509,687 in foreign countries, coming to a worldwide total of $474,968,763. It was the fifty-eighth highest-grossing film of all time when released,[46] as well as seventh-highest for the US[51] and eighth-highest worldwide for the year of 2005.[52]

text: Critical response

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 83% based on 222 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Closer to the source material than 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is for people who like their Chocolate visually appealing and dark."[53] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[54] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[55]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, writing "Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka may be a stone freak, but he is also one of Burton's classic crackpot conjurers, like Beetlejuice or Ed Wood."[56] Roger Ebert gave an overall positive review and enjoyed the film. He was primarily impressed by Tim Burton's direction of the younger cast members, but was disappointed with Depp's performance: "What was Depp thinking of? In Pirates of the Caribbean he was famously channeling Keith Richards, which may have primed us to look for possible inspirations for this performance."[57] Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle found Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Burton's "best work in years. If all the laughs come from Depp, who gives Willy the mannerisms of a classic Hollywood diva, the film's heart comes from Highmore, a gifted young performer whose performance is sincere, deep and unforced in a way that's rare in a child actor."[58] Peter Travers wrote in Rolling Stone magazine that "Depp's deliciously demented take on Willy Wonka demands to be seen. Depp goes deeper to find the bruises on Wonka's secret heart than what Gene Wilder did. Depp and Burton may fly too high on the vapors of pure imagination, but it's hard to not get hooked on something this tasty. And how about that army of Oompa-Loompas, all played by Deep Roy, in musical numbers that appear to have been choreographed by Busby Berkeley on crack."[59]

text: Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post criticized Depp's acting. "The cumulative effect isn't pretty. Nor is it kooky, funny, eccentric or even mildly interesting. Indeed, throughout his fey, simpering performance, Depp seems to be straining so hard for weirdness that the entire enterprise begins to feel like those excruciating occasions when your parents tried to be hip. Aside from Burton's usual eye-popping direction, the film's strenuous efforts at becoming a camp classic eventually begin to wear thin."[60]

text: In 2007, Gene Wilder said he chose not to see the film. "The thing that put me off ... I like Johnny Depp, I like him, as an actor I like him very much ... but when I saw little pieces in the promotion of what he was doing, I said I don't want to see the film, because I don't want to be disappointed in him."[61] In 2013, when Wilder was asked about the Burton remake, he said "I think it's an insult. It's probably Warner Bros.' insult." He also criticized the choices that Burton made as a director, saying "I don't care for that director. He's a talented man, but I don't care for him doing stuff like he did."[62]

text: Accolades

text: Costume designer Gabriella Pescucci received an Academy Award nomination, but lost to Colleen Atwood for Memoirs of a Geisha.[63] Johnny Depp lost the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy to Joaquin Phoenix in Walk the Line.[64] More nominations followed from the British Academy Film Awards for Visual Effects, Costume Design (Pescucci), Makeup & Hair (Peter Owen and Ivana Primorac) and Production Design (Alex McDowell).[65] Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was also nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, as well as Performance by a Younger Actor (Freddie Highmore), Music (Danny Elfman) and Costume (Pescucci).[66] Elfman and screenwriter John August were nominated for a Grammy Award with "Wonka's Welcome Song".[67]