document_title: Big Brother 20 (U.S.)

question_text: who was voted off big brother july 26 2018

text: Big Brother 20 (U.S.)

text: Production

text: Development

text: The series was announced in August 2016 as part of a double renewal for Big Brother 19 and Big Brother 20.[5] Along with the series the 24/7 live feeds returned with a CBS All Access subscription and Big Brother: After Dark is also returned on Pop.[6] The season is produced by Endemol Shine North America and Fly on the Wall Entertainment. Julie Chen returned as host and Allison Grodner as well as Rich Meehan returned as Executive Producers.[7] CBS began allowing online applications in September 2017, however open casting calls did not begin until March 2018.[8][9] Celebrity Big Brother winner and runner up Marissa Jaret Winokur and Ross Mathews host a new companion show known as Off the Block with Ross and Marissa following the end of former HouseGuest Jeff Schroeder's Big Brother Live Chat.[10]

text: Prize

text: The last remaining HouseGuest is set to receive a prize of $500,000.[11]

text: Twists

text: This season's main theme and twists centered on technology.

text: BB App Store

text: For the first three weeks, viewers were asked a series of questions about their opinions on the remaining HouseGuests. The HouseGuest who was named in the most overall answers was deemed the "top trending" HouseGuest of the week and earned a "Power App", which would give them an advantage in the game, while the HouseGuest who was answered the least was deemed "least trending" was given a "Crap App", which gave them a punishment. Once HouseGuests received an app, they were no longer eligible to receive one in the future.

text:
Week

Top trending

Power App

Least trending

Crap App

Punishment

Name

Ability

Status

1

Sam

Bonus Life

To be used immediately after a HouseGuest is evicted from the house, this power will give that HouseGuest a chance to return to the game via a competition. This power must be used in the first three evictions, or else the fourth evicted HouseGuest will automatically be given the chance to return.

Used(by default)

Faysal

Hamazon

The HouseGuest will routinely be given packages of ham, which they must consume on arrival. (As Faysal is Muslim, a vegetarian ham substitute was used instead.)

2

Tyler

The Cloud

The HouseGuest has the power to make themselves immune from nomination during one Nomination or Veto Ceremony of their choice over the following eight weeks.

Not used

Rachel

Yell!

For 24 hours, an angry reviewer was unleashed into the house at random times to loudly give the HouseGuest feedback on their game.

3

Bayleigh

Identity Theft

The HouseGuest can secretly replace the HoH's nominations with two of their own. This does not affect replacement nominations and can be used until eight players remain.

Not used

Haleigh

Read It!

Periodically throughout the week, the HouseGuest must wear a costume and read Hamlet in a Shakespearean accent. This punishment will continue until the entire play has been read.

text: H@cker Competition

text: On Day 44, following Rachel's eviction, a new twist was unleashed on the HouseGuests called the "H@cker Competition". It lets one HouseGuest hack the game for a week. After the nominations, all of the HouseGuests compete in a competition at the same time in different rooms, making the winner anonymous to the other HouseGuests. The winner of the competition is able to "hack" the game in three different ways. First, they can replace one of the Head of Household's nominations and change it to someone of their choosing. Second, they get to select one of the three participants chosen for the Power of Veto competition. Finally, they can nullify one vote at the live eviction.

text:
Week

H@cker

Ability

Action

6

Haleigh

1. Replace one nomination2. Pick one veto player3. Nullify one eviction vote

1. Took Scottie off the Block and nominated Tyler in his place2. Picked Kaycee to play in the veto3. Nullified Tyler's vote during the live eviction

7

Kaycee

1. Took herself off the Block and nominated Rockstar in her place2. Picked Tyler to play in the veto3. Nullified Faysal's vote during the live eviction

text: HouseGuests

text: The HouseGuests were announced on Monday, June 18 at 7 AM PDT through the CBS website.[12]

text:
Name

Age on entry

Occupation

Residence

Angela Rummans

26

Fitness model

Playa Vista, California

Angie "Rockstar" Lantry

34

Stay-at-home mom

Columbia, Maryland

Bayleigh Dayton

25

Flight attendant

Atlanta, Georgia

Brett Robinson

25

Cybersecurity engineer

Charlestown, Massachusetts

Chris "Swaggy C" Williams

23

Day trader

Bridgeport, Connecticut

Faysal Shafaat

26

Substitute teacher

Orlando, Florida

Haleigh Broucher

21

College student

College Station, Texas

Joseph "JC" Mounduix

28

Professional dancer

West Hollywood, California

Kaitlyn Herman

24

Life coach

Encino, California

Kaycee Clark

30

Pro-football player

Tempe, Arizona

Rachel Swindler

29

Vegas entertainer

Las Vegas, Nevada

Samantha "Sam" Bledsoe

27

Welder

Stuarts Draft, Virginia

Scottie Salton

26

Shipping manager

Chicago, Illinois

Stephen "Steve" Arienta

40

Former undercover cop

Wanaque, New Jersey

Tyler Crispen

23

Lifeguard

Hilton Head, South Carolina

Winston Hines

28

Medical sales rep

Bowling Green, Kentucky

text: Other appearances

text: All evicted HouseGuests appear on the Facebook Watch exclusive Off the Block with Ross and Marissa for an extended interview following their evictions.[13] Tyler Crispen appeared in the second episode of TKO: Total Knock Out as a contestant.[14] Crispen finished in third place and received $2,500.[15]

text: Episodes

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDay(s)Original air dateUS viewers(millions)Rating/share (18-49)Week 1
6671"Episode 1"Day 1June 27, 2018 (2018-06-27)5.33[16]1.5/7[16]
Sixteen new HouseGuests entered the newest version of the Big Brother House. After getting settled in the HouseGuests began formal introductions. Following formal introductions Julie informed the HouseGuests that the theme for the summer is "Big Brother Technology" and the first competition of the summer began.

Safety Competition – Part 1 ("The Trash Folder"):[a] There are 7 folders hidden inside of the "supercomputer". 6 of the folders are labeled "escape" however, 1 of them is labeled "escape and play". Each HouseGuest must collect a folder as fast as possible. The one who finds the "escape and play" folder will moved on to face the winner of part 2 in part 3 of the competition. The  HouseGuest who does not collect a folder will suffer a punishment. Angela was the winner and Kaycee was the loser.
Safety Competition – Part 2 ("HouseGuest CAPTCHA"):[a] The HouseGuests must collect block letters from the pit below their tether which is constantly raising and lowering. Each HouseGuest must collect the correct letters and be the first one to spell "HouseGuest" on their platform. The first HouseGuest to correctly collect and spell "HouseGuest" moved on to face the winner of part 1 in part 3 of the competition. The last remaining HouseGuest will suffer a punishment. Swaggy C was the winner and Sam was the loser.
Safety Competition – Part 3 ("Surfing the BB Web"): [b] The winners of part 1 and part 2 faced off in this competition and must "surf" the web. The winner of this competition will have the opportunity to keep 8 HouseGuests including themselves safe from the first eviction. Swaggy C was the winner.
Following the competitions Julie informed Swaggy C that of the four original groups that moved into the Big Brother house he must keep two of the groups safe. The punishments for the two losing HouseGuests were revealed. Kaycee received the "Pinwheel of Doom" punishment and is forced to wear a pinwheel unitard. Whenever the pinwheel spins she must stay in the room she is currently in until it stops spinning. Sam is forced to occasionally play the game as a robot, when the words "Robot online" are announced she plays the game as a robot, but when the words "Robot offline" are announced she plays the game as a human. Both punishments are in effect until the first live eviction. Swaggy C chose to keep groups 3 and 4 safe from eviction.

6682"Episode 2"Days 2-5June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28)5.13[17]1.4/6[17]

Head of Household ("Microchip Mayhem"): [a] When the competition starts HouseGuests must cross their beam and collect a "deletion dot". Once they have collected one they must cross back, place it inside another HouseGuests tube, and repeat. When a HouseGuest has 10 deletion dots inside their tube they are eliminated from the competition. Tyler was the winner and became the first HoH of the season.
On Day 5, Tyler nominated Sam and Steve for eviction.

6693"Episode 3"Days 5-9July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)4.78[18]1.2/6[18]
Following nominations Sam has a one on one conversation with the other HouseGuests. As the HoH, Tyler was forced to chose the first four Have-Nots of the season. Kaitlyn volunteered and Tyler chose Brett, Scottie, and Winston to be the remaining Have-Nots. Each week in the new BB App Store the most trending HouseGuest will receive a power to help them in the Big Brother game. However, the least trending HouseGuest each week will receive a punishment. Each HouseGuest may only receive a power in the BB App Store once. Faysal was the least trending HouseGuest and received the Hamazon punishment, throughout the week Hamazon will deliver a fresh plate of ham which Faysal must eat in full. Meanwhile, Sam was the top trending HouseGuest and received Bonus Life power, this gives Sam or a HouseGuest of her choice the chance to return to the game if evicted. The power is only good through the first four evictions and if Sam does not use it by the third eviction then the fourth evicted HouseGuest automatically has the chance to return to the game.
6704"Episode 4"Days 9-12July 4, 2018 (2018-07-04)3.95[19]0.9/5[19]
The HouseGuests begin speculating who received the Power App as Faysal receives non-stop delivery's of Hamazon Swine.

Power of Veto ("VimeBro Studios"): The competition was played in five rounds. In each round the losing competitor is eliminated from the competition. The competitors were Tyler, Sam, Steve, Scottie, Swaggy C, and Faysal.
Stage 1 ("Snake Bite Pit"): When "action" is said the competitors must reach into a snake pit and pull out a like icon. Once they have a like icon they must place it in their corresponding score card. When a HouseGuest has three like icons in their score card they are finished with that stage. The last HouseGuest who does not have three like icons or the HouseGuest with the least amount of like icons after five minutes is eliminated. Scottie was eliminated following Stage 1.
Stage 2 ("Polar Plunge"): When the competition begins the HouseGuests must plunge to the bottom of an arctic pool and retrieve a like icon. Once they have a like icon they must place it in their corresponding score card. When a HouseGuest has ten like icons in their score card they are finished with that stage. The last HouseGuest who does not have ten like icons is eliminated. Swaggy C was eliminated following Stage 2.
Stage 3 ("Human Canvas"): When "action" is said the HouseGuests must stand on a post as they are fired at with paint balls. When told to do so they must move forward to a smaller post. The first HouseGuest to touch the ground is eliminated from the competition. Steve was eliminated following Stage 3.
Stage 4 ("Electricity in the Air"): When the competition starts HouseGuests must transfer balls one at a time using their device from the start to their scoreboard. However, the HouseGuests are schocked with shocking collars while attempting to transport their balls. When a HouseGuest collects ten balls they are finished. The last HouseGuest remaining is eliminated from the competition. Sam was eliminated following Stage 4.
Stage 5 ("Sloda"): When the competition begins the HouseGuests goal are to find and match the top three flavors to "Sloda", a soda version of slop. Once done they must place them in the corresponding order. The first HouseGuest to place the three flavors in the corresponding order will win the Power of Veto. Faysal was the winner and received the Power of Veto.
At the Veto Meeting, Faysal chose not to use the PoV, thus keeping the nominations the same.

6715"Episode 5"Days 12-16July 5, 2018 (2018-07-05)4.96[20]1.3/6[20]
Ahead of the first eviction, with a split house, alliances begin attempting to secure votes for their side. On Day 16, by a vote of 7-6, Steve was the first to be evicted from the Big Brother house.

Head of Household ("Land a Job"): When the competition starts HouseGuests must step up to the launch pad and launch their ball into the new town of "San Brosé" The building the ball lands on has a corresponding salary. The HouseGuest with the highest salary after everyone has launched their balls became the new HoH. Kaitlyn was the winner and became the second HoH of the season.

Week 2
6726"Episode 6"Days 16-17July 8, 2018 (2018-07-08)5.11[21]1.3/6[21]
Following the HoH competition Kaitlyn begins strategizing her nominations. The BB App Store opens for business again. Rachel was the least trending while Tyler was the most trending HouseGuest. Rachel received the "Yell!" Crap App, periodically throughout the next twenty-four hours an angry reviewer was released into the house to give her feedback. Tyler received "The Cloud" Power App, this gives him the opportunity to make himself immune from one nomination ceremony of veto meeting throughout the next eight weeks. Kaitlyn nominated Scottie and Winston for eviction
6737"Episode 7"Days 17-20July 11, 2018 (2018-07-11)5.43[22]1.5/7[22]
Following nominations the HouseGuests prepared to compete in the Power of Veto competition  The HouseGuests picked to compete in the Veto competition were Kaitlyn, Scottie, Winston, Faysal, Rachel, and Tyler. The HouseGuests then received a visit from Big Brother 19 HouseGuests and winners of the 30th season of The Amazing Race, Jessica Graf and Cody Nickson, who hosted the Power of Veto competition.

Power of Veto ("HouseGuestsOnly.com"): When the competition begins players must review dating profiles of former HouseGuests. Once reviewed they must place the former HouseGuests in their ideal dating location. Once all former HouseGuests are placed they must hit the buzzer. If all former HouseGuests are correctly placed their time gets locked in however, if they are incorrect they must try again until they are all correctly placed. If a HouseGuest takes longer than twenty minutes to correctly place all HouseGuests tey are automatically eliminated. The HouseGuest with the fastest time won the Power of Veto. Tyler was the winner with a time of 5 minutes and 29 seconds.
Rachel then begins receiving visits from her angry reviewer as a result of her Crap App from the BB App Store. At the Veto Ceremony Tyler chose to use the PoV to remove Scottie from the block. On Day 20, Kaitlyn then named Swaggy C as the replacement nominee.

6748"Episode 8"Days 20-23July 12, 2018 (2018-07-12)5.32[23]1.5/6[23]
Following the Veto Ceremony Swaggy C and Winston both begin campaigning for votes. The HouseGuests then cast their votes on who the want to evict. On Day 23, by a vote of 8-4, Swaggy C was the second to be evicted from the Big Brother house.

Head of Household ("Product Launch"): The competing HouseGuests watched a two videos about product launches for "Pineapple, Inc.". Julie then asked the HouseGuests a series of questions where the answer is either true or false. If a HouseGuest answered incorrectly they were eliminated from the competition. The last HouseGuest remaining became the next Head of Household. If two HouseGuests remain at the end the game would enter tiebreaker mode. Rachel and Scottie remained at the end. Both HouseGuests were given whiteboards and the answer to the final question was a number. The HouseGuest who came closest to the correct answer without going over would become the next HoH. If both HouseGuests went over the who was closest to the number would be the winner. Scottie was the winner and became the third HoH of the season.

Week 3
6759"Episode 9"Days 23-24July 15, 2018 (2018-07-15)5.19[24]1.4/6[24]
Following Swaggy's eviction the BB App Store opened for the final time. Inside, Haleigh was the least trending HouseGuest and received the "Read It!" Crap App. When told to read Haleigh must dress up in a costume, report to a specified room, and read Hamlet until told to stop. This punishment will continue until the entire book is read. Meanwhile, Bayleigh was the most trending HouseGuest and received the "Identity Theft" Power App. This power allows her to secretly chose the nominees for the week. On Day 24, Scottie nominated Brett and Winston for eviction.
67610"Episode 10"Days 24-27July 18, 2018 (2018-07-18)5.24[25]1.4/6[25]
Following nominations the HouseGuests picked players for the Veto Competition. The competitors were Scottie, Brett, Winston, Tyler, Rachel, and Rockstar.

Power of Veto ("Mamma Mia! Madness"): When the competition starts the HouseGuests must grab onto their disco ball and spin 15 times to set 30 seconds on their clock. They must then run acros the playing field and build a tower of champagne glasses. Before the clock runs out they must run back and spin again to get another 30 seconds. If their clock runs out before they make it back they are eliminated from the competition. However, if they volunteer to be a have-not for the week they may re-enter the competition. The first HouseGuest to successfully build their tower won the Power of Veto and a trip for 2 to the Greek islands. Scottie was the winner and received the PoV.
Meanwhile, Haleigh begins suffering from her Crap App punishment. Brett and Winston begin campaigning to Scottie in an attempt to get him to take one of them off of the block. Scottie informs Kaitlyn of their secret meeting causing confrontation throughout the house. At the Veto Ceremony, Scottie chose not to use the PoV thus keeping his nominations the same.

67711"Episode 11"Days 27-30July 19, 2018 (2018-07-19)5.58[26]1.6/7[26]
Following the Veto Ceremony each side of the house begins looking for votes. The HouseGuests voted in the live vote and eviction. On Day 30, by a vote of 6-5, Winston was the third to be evicted from the Big Brother house. Following Winston's eviction, a major confrontation occurs between Rockstar and Brett due to his eviction speech.

Head of Household ("Out On A Limb"):[c] In this competition each participating HouseGuest must stand on a peg attached to their tree and hold on as long as possible. Throughout the competition the trees move and water is sprayed on the HouseGuests. The last HouseGuest to remain on their tree will become the next Head of Household.

Week 4
67812"Episode 12"Days 27, 30-31July 22, 2018 (2018-07-22)5.45[27]1.5/6[27]

Head of Household ("Out On A Limb"):[c] During the competition honey and feathers also begin to spray at the HouseGuests. Sam was the last HouseGuest remaining on their tree and became the fourth HoH of the season.
Tensions begin to flare throughout the house between different HouseGuests following the eviction.
The episode also covered a major controversy between HouseGuests JC and Bayleigh following an incident where JC used the n-word in a conversation which Bayleigh took as offensive.
On Day 31, Sam nominated Haleigh and Kaitlyn for eviction.

67913"Episode 13"Days 31-34July 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)5.69[28]1.5/6[28]
Sam's nomination reasoning begins causing friction throughout the house. The HouseGuests then picked players for the Power of Veto competition. The competitors were Sam, Haleigh, Kaitlyn, JC, Rockstar, and Faysal. Former Big Brother HouseGuest, Rachel Reilly, entered the house to host the PoV competition.

Power of Veto ("Chop Bonk Spank"): Inspired by Big Brother 19's  "Punch, Slap, Kick" and sponsored by the fictional "Bro Fund Me", HouseGuests must stand on their target as Rachel randomly played sequences which Chomped, Bonked, and Spanked them. Rachel then asked the HouseGuests a question based on the sequence. Each correct answer earned the HouseGuest a point. The HouseGuest with the most points at the end of the game was the winner. After 7 rounds, Faysal was the winner with 7 points and received the Power of Veto.
At the Veto Ceremony, Fessy chose to use the PoV on Haleigh. Sam chose Rockstar to become the replacement nominee. She then informed the rest of the HouseGuests about her Bonus Life Power App.

68014"Episode 14"Days 34-37July 26, 2018 (2018-07-26)5.44[29]1.5/6[29]
Following the Veto Ceremony, Faysal gets caught in the middle of Haleigh and Kaitlyn. The HouseGuests then participated in the live vote eviction by voting on who they wished to evict from the house. On Day 37, by a vote of 9-1, Kaitlyn was the fourth to be evicted from the Big Brother house. However, due to Sam not using her Bonus Life Power App the evictee was automatically offered chance to win re-entry into the game.

Bonus Life Competition ("Outside The House"): In the Bonus Life Competition Kaitlyn must disassemble the life-sized puzzle of herself and must reassemble the puzzle on the opposite side of the fictional house within two minutes and thirty seconds. When she believes the puzzle is correctly built she must hit the buzzer. If the puzzle is correctly built she will win re-enter into the game however, if it is incorrectly built she will have the opportunity to continue working until her time is up. Kaitlyn did not correctly build the puzzle and was the officially evicted from the house.

Week 5
68115"Episode 15"Days 37-38July 29, 2018 (2018-07-29)5.40[30]1.5/6[30]

Head of Household ("Perfect Timing"): In the Head of Household competition, the HouseGuests must sit on an email and slide from their outbox to their inbox. The HouseGuest with the closest time to 8 seconds will be the new Head of Household. Bayleigh, with a time of 8.08 seconds, was the winner.
On Day 38, Bayleigh nominated Brett and Rachel for eviction.

68216"Episode 16"Days 38-41August 1, 2018 (2018-08-01)5.55[31]1.5/6[31]

Power of Veto ("Goober Driver"): In the Power of Veto competition, HouseGuests had to pave a road so they can give the four evicted HouseGuests a ride across town. The player who paves the road and gets the evicted HouseGuests to the other side of town the fastest wins the Power of Veto. Rachel, JC, and Sam timed out while Tyler won.
Bayleigh shares with Rachel the fact that she has a Power App.
After Tyler asks if Bayleigh would put Angela up if he uses the veto, Bayleigh tells Rachel that Tyler's targetting Angela. Then, Rachel tells Angela about Tyler targetting her which she doesn't believe. Angela tells Kaycee and she also thinks it's false. Kaycee tells Tyler about this, Tyler talks with Angela, who all agree Rachel should be the target, not Brett.
At the Veto Ceremony, Tyler chose to not use the PoV, thus keeping the nominations the same.

68317"Episode 17"Days 41-44August 2, 2018 (2018-08-02)5.61[32]1.5/6[32]
Ahead of eviction the show gives an update on Bayleigh's family which includes Swaggy C meeting Bayleigh's parents. The HouseGuests then participated in the live vote eviction by voting on who they wished to evict from the house. On Day 44, by a vote of 5-4, Rachel was the fifth to be evicted from the Big Brother house.

Head of Household ("GIF That Keeps on Giving"): Throughout the past week HouseGuests were shown gif's of themselves at predetermined times. In the competition Julie asked HouseGuests true or false questions about the gif's they viewed. Following the question the HouseGuests must lock in their answers. If they answer incorrectly they are eliminated from the competition. The last HouseGuest standing becomes the new Head of Household. If there are two HouseGuests remaining there will be a tie-breaker. Angela and Rockstar were the last two HouseGuest's standing and participated in the tie-breaker. Julie asked a question to which the answer was a number. The HouseGuest with the closest answer without going over would be the next HoH. If both HouseGuests went over the one closest to the answer would become the HoH. Angela provided the closest answer without going over and became the sixth HoH of the season.
Julie Chen announced after the Head of Household Competition about the "H@cker Comp". Each week, the HouseGuests will compete to "hack" the week. She also announces the first competition will be on Sunday night's nomination episode.

Week 6
68418"Episode 18"Days 44-45August 5, 2018 (2018-08-05)5.57[33]1.6/7[33]
On Day 45, Angela nominated Rockstar and Scottie for eviction and planned to backdoor Bayleigh.

H@cker Competition ("Crack The Code"): Over seven rounds, HouseGuests had to unscramble notorious Big Brother words in a certain amount of time. If a HouseGuest unscrambles a word correctly, they get one point. Haleigh became the first H@cker with four points.
Haleigh took Scottie off the block and nominated Tyler in his place.

68519"Episode 19"Days 45-48August 8, 2018 (2018-08-08)5.63[34]1.6/8[34]
The H@cker, Haleigh, picked Kaycee to play in the Power of Veto competition.

Power of Veto ("Boom Power Trip"): In an elimination style, HouseGuests had to roll a ball back and forth for a set number of times. The HouseGuest who was not able to finish before everyone else was eliminated and received a prize or a punishment. After someone was eliminated, they could keep their prize or exchange it for anyone else's prize. This went on until only one person remained. The HouseGuest who ended up with the Power of Veto was the winner. Angela ended up with the Power of Veto.
At the Veto Ceremony, Anglea chose to use the PoV on Tyler and chose Rockstar to become the replacement nominee.

68620"Episode 20"Days 48-51August 9, 2018 (2018-08-09)4.99[35]1.4/7[35]
Haleigh calls a house meeting and tells everyone she was the H@cker. This sparks a fight between Bayleigh and Tyler. As part of the H@cker's abilities, Haleigh chose to nullify Tyler's vote during the live evictionThe HouseGuests then participated in the live vote eviction by voting on who they wished to evict from the house. On Day 51, by a vote of 6-1, Bayleigh was the sixth to be evicted from the Big Brother house and became the first member of the jury.

Head of Household ("#HashtagTooLong"): In a knockout elimination style, two players were challenged against each other to a multiple choice question. If the HouseGuest who rang in got it wrong, they were eliminated. If the HouseGuest was correct, the competitor was eliminated. The last remaining HouseGuest won the Head of Household. It came down to Haleigh and JC. Haleigh beat JC to become the next Head of Household.

Week 7
68721"Episode 21"Days 51-52August 12, 2018 (2018-08-12)5.74[36]1.6/8[36]
Following the HoH competition, Haleigh and Rockstar discussed who should be nominated. They decided on putting Angela and Kaycee on the block in order to eventually backdoor Tyler.
The Level 6 alliance tried to persuade Haleigh to nominate Sam instead of one of them. Then, Sam went to Haleigh after hearing that her closest allies were conspiring against her, so Haleigh spilled how Level 6 wanted Sam nominated.
On Day 59, Haleigh nominated Angela and Kaycee for eviction.

H@cker Competition ("Hack the House"): The HouseGuests are shown fragments of an image from cameras around the house. Then they have to identify which room the camera is from by examining the image it's producing. If they correctly identify the room, they get one point. The HouseGuest who gets the most points after seven rounds becomes the final H@cker. Kaycee became the final H@cker with four points.
Kaycee took herself off the block and nominated Rockstar in her place.

68822"Episode 22"Days 52-55August 15, 2018 (2018-08-15)5.82[37]1.7/8[37]
Rockstar, Haleigh, and Faysal talk about who the h@cker is. They start to believe it is Kaycee.
The H@cker, Kaycee, picked Tyler to play in the Power of Veto competition.

Power of Veto ("OTEV the Sneezy Skunk"): In an elimination style, HouseGuests would receive a clue from a sick skunk to find two evicted HouseGuests' names on medicine bottles. The last HouseGuest to get find the medicine bottle is eliminated. The last HouseGuest remaining would win the Power of Veto. During the Power of Veto, Tyler grabbed the wrong medicine bottle, but Rockstar accidentally told him the correct one, so Tyler was able to go back and grab the correct one before Haleigh found it. Tyler won the Power of Veto after Rockstar got the wrong answer.
At the Veto Ceremony, Tyler chose to use the PoV on Angela. Haleigh chose Kaycee to become the replacement nominee.

68923"Episode 23"Days 55-58August 16, 2018 (2018-08-16)5.71[38]1.7/8[38]
Following the Power of Veto ceremony, Rockstar calls Angela "entitled" and says Kaycee "wasn't supposed to go home" after believing she has the votes to stay. Rockstar talks with Brett to ensure his vote to evict Kaycee and keep Rockstar. After talking, Rockstar believes Brett is loyal to only Rockstar and no one else, making an alliance called Mr. and Mrs. Smith. In order to make sure Rockstar fully believes it, Brett helps Rockstar with her speech. After Rockstar talks with Faysal and Haleigh about having the numbers, Faysal calls Rockstar, Haleigh, and himself "unevictable".
As part of the H@cker's abilities, Kaycee chose to nullify Faysal's vote during the live eviction. On Day 58, by a vote of 5-1, Rockstar was the seventh to be evicted from the Big Brother house and became the second member of the jury.

Head of Household ("Glow & Flow"):[d] HouseGuests will slide along a path where they have to fill up a bucket in order to retrieve a ball. There is also a second bucket where if you retrieve that ball, you win $5,000. The first HouseGuest to fill up the first bucket will become the next Head of Household.

Week 8
69024"Episode 24"Days 58-59August 19, 2018 (2018-08-19)5.80[39]1.6/7[39]

Head of Household ("Glow & Flow"):[d] Everyone except Faysal, Scottie, and Tyler have fallen out of the competition within the first fifteen minutes. Faysal became the eighth HoH of the season.
JC makes the plan to pin Scottie as voting out Rockstar and not Kaycee, planning to say Brett was the one vote. After Faysal invites everyone to his HoH room, he asks them who the one vote to evict Kaycee was. Scottie claimed it, then Brett did right after. Kaycee backed Brett up by saying she "felt the energy" around him. Scottie laughed at Kaycee saying she was a bad actor and said their whole production was "cute". The next day, JC continuted to try to convince Faysal that Scottie should be his real target by bringing up that Scottie wants Faysal out so he can be with Haleigh.
On Day 59, Faysal nominated Brett and Scottie for eviction.

69125"Episode 25"Days 59-61August 22, 2018 (2018-08-22)5.70[40]1.6/8[40]
On Day 60, Zingbot went into the house to start the special Zingbot Competition.

Power of Veto ("Hide & Go Veto"): In this competition, HouseGuests had three minutes to individually hide their locked veto card in the House. Then, one at a time, HouseGuests entered the House and had one minute to attempt to find a veto card. If a HouseGuest's veto card is found, they will be eliminated, though the owner of the veto cards will not be revealed until the end of the competition. The HouseGuest who hides their veto card the best will win the Power of Veto. Angela was knocked out first. Tyler was knocked out second. Haleigh was knocked out third. Faysal was knocked out fourth. It all came down to Brett and Scottie. Scottie was knocked out fifth. Brett won the Power of Veto.

69226"Episode 26"Days 61-65August 23, 2018 (2018-08-23)5.61[41]1.6/8[41]
At the Veto Ceremony, Brett chose to use the PoV on himself. Faysal chose Kaycee to become the replacement nominee.
HouseGuests start to speculate if this will be the first unanimous vote. They also say they'll keep Scottie thinking that he has their votes. On Day 65, by a unanimous vote, Scottie was the eighth to be evicted from the Big Brother house and became the third member of the jury.

Head of Household ("Sweet Shot"):[e] HouseGuests have to search the candy pits for tickets inside the candies. HouseGuests exchange the candies with balls or give it to another HouseGuests. Then, they have to roll the balls in order to get a perfect shot at the end. If they don't, the ball lands in a number 1-40. The HouseGuest to the the perfect shot first or get the highest number at the end of one hour wins Head of Household!
Julie Chen announces that the three jury members plus a fourth member evicted this week will compete in Week 10 in a jury battleback.

Week 9
69327"Episode 27"Days 65-66August 26, 2018 (2018-08-26)5.67[42]1.6/7[42]

Head of Household ("Sweet Shot"):[e] After one hour was over and no one had sunk the perfect shot, Angela won with a score of 39.
Haleigh walks in on Angela, Tyler, Kaycee, and Brett celebrating Angela's HoH. Faysal continues to believe the alliance is genuine, but Haleigh believes she's targetting them. Faysal continues to talk to her saying Angela "is smarter than that" and she will put Sam and a pawn up.
Angela talks with Tyler to talk about who to nominate. She contemplates putting up Haleigh and Sam. Then, JC walks in and tells Angela that if either of them come down, she has to nominate one of her allies. Angela decides to stick with the plan of Faysal and Haleigh.
On Day 66, Angela nominated Faysal and Haleigh for eviction.

69428"Episode 28"Days 66-69August 29, 2018 (2018-08-29)TBDTBA
69529"Episode 29"Days 69-72August 30, 2018 (2018-08-30)TBDTBA

text: Notes

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Only eight HouseGuests participated in this competition

Jump up ^ Only two HouseGuests participated in this competition

^ Jump up to: a b This Head of Household competition began in episode 11 on Day 30. However, completion was not broadcast on television until episode 12.

^ Jump up to: a b This Head of Household competition began in episode 23 on Day 58. However, completion was not broadcast on television until episode 24.

^ Jump up to: a b This Head of Household competition began in episode 26 on Day 65. However, completion was not broadcast on television until episode 27.

tag: ol

text: Have-Nots

text:
Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

Brett,Kaitlyn,Scottie,Winston

Faysal,Haleigh,JC,Rockstar

Angela,Brett,Sam,Tyler

Bayleigh,Kaycee,Rachel,Scottie

Faysal, Scottie,Tyler

none

JC,Sam,Tyler

Faysal,Haleigh,Kaycee

text: Voting history

text:
Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

Day 99

Finale

Head of Household

Tyler

Kaitlyn

Scottie

Sam

Bayleigh

Angela

Haleigh

Faysal

Angela

(none)

Technology Winner

SamFaysal

TylerRachel

BayleighHaleigh

(none)

Haleigh

Kaycee

(none)

Nominations(pre-veto)

SamSteve

ScottieWinston

BrettWinston

HaleighKaitlyn

BrettRachel

RockstarScottieTyler

AngelaKayceeRockstar

BrettScottie

FaysalHaleigh

Veto Winner

Faysal

Tyler

Scottie

Faysal

Tyler

Angela

Tyler

Brett

Kaycee

(none)

Nominations(post-veto)

SamSteve

Swaggy CWinston

BrettWinston

KaitlynRockstar

BrettRachel

BayleighRockstar

KayceeRockstar

KayceeScottie

FaysalHaleigh

Angela

Steve

Swaggy C

Winston

Kaitlyn

Rachel

Head ofHousehold

Rockstar

Scottie

Head ofHousehold

Brett

Steve

Swaggy C

Nominated

Kaitlyn

Nominated

Bayleigh

Rockstar

Scottie

Faysal

Sam

Winston

Brett

Kaitlyn

Brett

Bayleigh

Noteligible

Head ofHousehold

Nominated

Haleigh

Sam

Winston

Brett

Kaitlyn

Brett

Bayleigh

Head ofHousehold

Scottie

Nominated

JC

Steve

Swaggy C

Winston

Rockstar

Rachel

Bayleigh

Rockstar

Scottie

Kaycee

Steve

Swaggy C

Winston

Kaitlyn

Rachel

Bayleigh

Nominated

Nominated

Sam

Nominated

Swaggy C

Winston

Head ofHousehold

Rachel

Rockstar

Rockstar

Scottie

Tyler

Head ofHousehold

Swaggy C

Winston

Kaitlyn

Rachel

Noteligible

Rockstar

Scottie

Scottie

Sam

Swaggy C

Head ofHousehold

Kaitlyn

Brett

Bayleigh

Kaycee

Nominated

Evicted(Day 65)

JuryMember

Rockstar

Sam

Winston

Brett

Nominated

Brett

Nominated

Nominated

Evicted(Day 58)

JuryMember

Bayleigh

Sam

Winston

Brett

Kaitlyn

Head ofHousehold

Nominated

Evicted(Day 51)

JuryMember

Rachel

Steve

Swaggy C

Winston

Kaitlyn

Nominated

Evicted(Day 44)

Kaitlyn

Steve

Head ofHousehold

Brett

Nominated

Evicted(Day 37)

Winston

Steve

Nominated

Nominated

Evicted(Day 30)

Swaggy C

Sam

Nominated

Evicted(Day 23)

Steve

Nominated

Evicted(Day 16)

Notes

1, 2

2

3

none

4

none

5

Evicted

Steve7 of 13 votesto evict

Swaggy C8 of 12 votesto evict

Winston6 of 11 votesto evict

Kaitlyn9 of 10 votesto evict

Rachel5 of 9 votes to evict

Bayleigh6 of 7 votes to evict

Rockstar5 of 6 votes to evict

Scottie6 of 6 votes to evict

KaitlynLost re-entryinto game

text: Notes

text:
^Note 1 :      As the winner of the first safety competition, Swaggy C had the opportunity to save eight HouseGuests, including himself. He and the seven other safe HouseGuests were not able to compete in the Head of Household competition.
^Note 2 : Each week in the BB App Store a power app and crap app were released into the game. The winner of the crap app is represented in italics.
^Note 3 :      Due to Sam not using her Bonus Life Power App, Kaitlyn automatically received a chance to re-enter the house. However, she was unable to complete the challenge and was ultimately evicted.
^Note 4 :      The H@cker earned the power to remove one of the HoH's nominations (represented by strikethrough font) and secretly replace it with their own (represented by bold font).  The H@cker was also able to nullify one vote at the live eviction.
^Note 5 : In Week 10, the first four jurors, Bayleigh, Rockstar, Scottie, and Faysal/Haleigh, will compete for an opportunity to return to the game.

text: Controversies and criticisms

text: Joseph "JC" Mounduix received criticism after he was shown using an ice cream scooper on the genitals of his other HouseGuests. Mounduix later told fellow HouseGuest Kaycee Clark to open up her vagina, saying it "feels good".[43]Monduix further aggravated fans after he asked Rachel Swindler if she was transgender, stating that she has "a big Adam's apple." Mounduix proceeded to feel Swindler's neck, but she told him to stop. Moments later, he began to touch Swindler's neck again before being stopped by her.[44]Mounduix was also criticized by both fans and his fellow housemates for making light of the #MeToo movement after making jokes at the movement's expense.[45]

text: Since the start of the live feeds, Kaitlyn Herman has been criticized from viewers for her feelings and actions towards several men in the Big Brother House, while being in a 5 year relationship outside of the house. In Week 3, Herman's then boyfriend released a statement on Twitter, stating that he wanted to distance himself from the show and situation.[46]

text: Kaitlyn Herman and Joseph "JC" Mounduix both came under fire after they used n-word in separate occasions.[47] Herman used the word as she was singing the lyrics of a Drake song. Mounduix used the word after fellow HouseGuest Bayleigh Dayton, who is African American, asked Mounduix if there is a "difference between a midget and a dwarf". Offended, Mounduix said that the word "midget" is a derogatory term and then compared it to the n-word.[48][49] Many came to the defense of the two, saying that they didn't use the word towards someone.[50]

text: Viewers questioned Angela Rummans and Rachel Swindler after they were caught on the live feeds making racist remarks, referencing fellow HouseGuest, Bayleigh Dayton. Rummans called her tan "ghetto", while Swindler compared her skin tone to Dayton's, who is African American. CBS later released a statement and warned Rummans and Swindler with future consequences.[51]

text: Viewers perceived some of Bayleigh Dayton's comments about Faysal Shafaat as being anti-Muslim. After Shafaat, a Muslim, complained about his in-house crush Haleigh Broucher talking about her past sexual experiences, Dayton claimed in private that Shafaat should "go find a virgin" and that he should "go to Pakistan and [get himself] one" because "that's what they do." Many viewers interpreted "they" as meaning Muslims.[52]

text: During a conversation between Dayton and Lantry, Dayton claimed that Lantry was the only white person who she knew that didn't like white people. Dayton then said that Lantry dislikes "normal white people" more than she does.[53] Days later, in a conversation with Haleigh Broucher, Dayton referred to her housemates as "crazy-ass white people."[54] Many viewers saw Dayton's statements as racist.[55]

text: Reception

text: Viewing figures

text:
#

Air Date

United States

Source

18–49(rating/share)

Viewers(millions)

Rank(timeslot)

Rank(night)

1

Wednesday, June 27, 2018

1.5/7

5.33

1

1

[16]

2

Thursday, June 28, 2018

1.4/6

5.13

1

1

[17]

3

Sunday, July 1, 2018

1.2/6

4.78

1

1

[18]

4

Wednesday, July 4, 2018

0.9/5

3.95

1

2

[19]

5

Thursday, July 5, 2018

1.3/6

4.96

1

1

[20]

6

Sunday, July 8, 2018

1.3/6

5.11

1

1

[21]

7

Wednesday, July 11, 2018

1.5/7

5.43

1

1

[22]

8

Thursday, July 12, 2018

1.5/6

5.32

1

1

[23]

9

Sunday, July 15, 2018

1.4/6

5.19

1

1

[24]

10

Wednesday, July 18, 2018

1.4/6

5.24

1

1

[25]

11

Thursday, July 19, 2018

1.6/7

5.58

1

1

[26]

12

Sunday, July 22, 2018

1.5/6

5.45

1

1

[27]

13

Wednesday, July 25, 2018

1.5/6

5.69

1

1

[28]

14

Thursday, July 26, 2018

1.5/6

5.44

1

1

[29]

15

Sunday, July 29, 2018

1.5/6

5.40

1

1

[30]

16

Wednesday, August 1, 2018

1.5/6

5.55

1

1

[31]

17

Thursday, August 2, 2018

1.5/6

5.61

1

2

[32]

18

Sunday, August 5, 2018

1.6/7

5.57

1

1

[33]

19

Wednesday, August 8, 2018

1.6/8

5.63

1

1

[34]

20

Thursday, August 9, 2018

1.4/7

4.99

1

1

[35]

211

Sunday, August 12, 2018

1.6/8

5.74

1

1

[36]

22

Wednesday, August 15, 2018

1.7/8

5.82

1

1

[37]

23

Thursday, August 16, 2018

1.7/8

5.71

1

1

[38]

24

Sunday, August 19, 2018

1.6/7

5.80

1

1

[39]

25

Wednesday, August 22, 2018

1.6/8

5.70

1 (tied)

2

[40]

26

Thursday, August 23, 2018

1.6/8

5.61

1

1

[41]

27

Sunday, August 26, 2018

1.6/7

5.67

1 (tied)

2

[42]

28

Wednesday, August 29, 2018

29

Thursday, August 30, 2018

text: ^Note 1 : Episode 21 was delayed to 8:20 PM ET (7:20 PM CT) due to the 2018 PGA Championship golf event running long.[56]


document_title: King cobra

question_text: what does a king cobra's habitat look like

question_tokens: what does a king cobra 's habitat look like

root

text: King cobra

text: Taxonomy[edit]

text: The king cobra was described and drawn by the Danish naturalist Theodore Edward Cantor in 1836, who gave it the scientific name Hamadryas hannah. Cantor had three specimens from the Sundarbans and one caught in the vicinity of Kolkata.[10] It was subordinated to the genus Ophiophagus by Albert Günther in 1864.[11]

tag: p

text: Ophiophagus hannah belongs to the monotypic genus Ophiophagus in the family Elapidae, while most other cobras are members of the genus Naja. They can be distinguished from other cobras by size and hood. King cobras are generally larger than other cobras, and the stripe on the neck is a chevron instead of a double or single eye shape that may be seen in most of the other Asian cobras. Moreover, the hood of the king cobra is narrower and longer.[4] A key to identification, clearly visible on the head, is the presence of a pair of large scales known as occipitals, located at the back of the top of the head. These are behind the usual "nine-plate" arrangement typical of colubrids and elapids, and are unique to the king cobra.

text: Description[edit]

text:
The skin of king cobra is dark olive or brown with black bands and white or yellow crossbands. The head is black with two crossbars near the snout and two behind the eyes. Adult king cobras are 3.18 to 4 m (10.4 to 13.1 ft) long. The longest known individual measured 5.85 m (19.2 ft).[3]
Its belly is cream or pale yellow.[12]
It has 17 to 19 rows of smooth scales. Ventral scales are uniformly oval shaped. Dorsal scales are placed in an oblique arrangement.[13]
Males have 235 to 250 ventral scales, while females have 239 to 265. The subcaudal scales are single or paired in each row, numbering 83 to 96 in males and 77 to 98 in females.[citation needed]

text: Juveniles are shiny black with narrow yellow bands (can be mistaken for a banded krait, but readily identified with its expandable hood). The head of a mature snake can be quite massive and bulky in appearance, though like all snakes, it can expand its jaws to swallow large prey items. It has proteroglyph dentition, meaning it has two short, fixed fangs in the front of the mouth, which channel venom into the prey like hypodermic needles. The average lifespan of a wild king cobra is about 20 years.[12]

text: King cobras are sexually dimorphic in size, with males reaching larger sizes than females, which is an unusual trait among snakes whose females are usually larger than males. The length and mass of the snakes highly depend on their localities and some other factors.[citation needed]

text:
The king cobra typically weighs about 6 kg (13 lb). The longest known specimen was a captive one at the London Zoo, and grew to around 18.5 to 18.8 ft (5.6 to 5.7 m) before being euthanised upon the outbreak of World War II. The heaviest wild specimen was caught at Royal Island Club in Singapore in 1951, which weighed 12 kg (26 lb) and measured 4.8 m (16 ft), though an even heavier captive specimen was kept at New York Zoological Park and was measured as 12.7 kg (28 lb) at 4.4 m (14.4 ft) long in 1972.[citation needed]
Some viper species, such as the eastern diamondback rattlesnake and the Gaboon viper, often much shorter in length but bulkier in build, rival the king cobra in average weight.[14]

text: Distribution and habitat[edit]

text: The king cobra is distributed across the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the southern areas of East Asia (where it is not common), in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and southern China.[1] In India it has been recorded from Goa; Western Ghats of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu; east coastline of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha; Sundarban mangroves; Himalayan foothills from Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern parts of West Bengal to most of the north-east region and Andaman Islands. Type locality Sundarbans. [15]It lives in dense highland forests,[2][16] preferring areas dotted with lakes and streams. King cobra populations have dropped in some areas of its range because of the destruction of forests and ongoing collection for the international pet trade. It is listed as an Appendix II animal within CITES.[17]

text: Behavior[edit]

text: A king cobra, like other snakes, receives chemical information via its forked tongue, which picks up scent particles and transfers them to a special sensory receptor (Jacobson's organ) located in the roof of its mouth.[2] This is akin to the human sense of smell. When the scent of a meal is detected, the snake flicks its tongue to gauge the prey's location (the twin forks of the tongue acting in stereo); it also uses its keen eyesight; king cobras are able to detect moving prey almost 100 m (330 ft) away. Its intelligence[18] and sensitivity to earth-borne vibration are also used to track its prey.

text: Following envenomation, the king cobra swallows its struggling prey. King cobras, like all snakes, have flexible jaws. The jaw bones are connected by pliable ligaments, enabling the lower jaw bones to move independently. This allows the king cobra to swallow its prey whole, and swallow prey much larger than its head.[2]

text: King cobras are able to hunt throughout the day, but are rarely seen at night, leading most herpetologists to classify them as a diurnal species.[2][19]

text: Feeding ecology[edit]

text:
The king cobra's generic name, Ophiophagus is a Greek-derived word that means "snake-eater". Its diet consists primarily of other snakes, including rat snakes, pythons, and even other venomous snakes such as various members of the true cobras and the krait.[19][20]
Its most common prey is the rat snake, and it also hunts Malabar pit viper and hump-nosed pit viper by following the snakes' odour trails.[21]

text:
When food is scarce, it also feeds on other small vertebrates, such as lizards, birds, and rodents. In some cases, the cobra constricts its prey, such as birds and larger rodents, using its muscular body, though this is uncommon.[2][20]
After a large meal, the snake lives for many months without another one because of its slow metabolic rate.[2]

text: Defense[edit]

text: When confronted, this species quickly attempts to escape and avoid confrontation.[6][22] However, if continuously provoked, the king cobra can be highly aggressive.[6][12]

text:
When alarmed, it rears up the anterior portion (usually one-third) of its body when extending the neck, showing the fangs and hissing loudly.[4][12]
It can be easily irritated by closely approaching objects or sudden movements. When raising its body, the king cobra can still move forward to strike with a long distance[12] and people may misjudge the safe zone. This snake can deliver multiple bites in a single attack,[5] and adults are known to bite and hold on. Many victims bitten by king cobras are actually snake charmers.[4]

text: Some scientists believe that the temperament of this species has been grossly exaggerated. In most of the local encounters with live, wild king cobras, the snakes appear to be of rather placid disposition, and they usually end up being killed or subdued with hardly any hysterics. These support the view that wild king cobras generally have a mild temperament, and despite their frequent occurrence in disturbed and built-up areas, are adept at avoiding humans. Naturalist Michael Wilmer Forbes Tweedie felt that "this notion is based on the general tendency to dramatise all attributes of snakes with little regard for the truth about them. A moment’s reflection shows that this must be so, for the species is not uncommon, even in populated areas, and consciously or unconsciously, people must encounter king cobras quite frequently. If the snake were really habitually aggressive, records of its bite would be frequent; as it is they are extremely rare."[23][24]

text: If a king cobra encounters a natural predator, such as the mongoose, which has resistance to the neurotoxins,[25] the snake generally tries to flee. If unable to do so, it forms the distinctive cobra hood and emits a hiss, sometimes with feigned closed-mouth strikes. These efforts usually prove to be very effective, especially since it is much more dangerous than other mongoose prey, as well as being much too large for the small mammal to kill with ease.

text: A good defense for anyone who accidentally encounters this snake is to slowly remove a shirt or hat and toss it to the ground while backing away.[26]

text: Growling hiss[edit]

text: The hiss of the king cobra is a much lower pitch than many other snakes and many people thus liken its call to a "growl" rather than a hiss. While the hisses of most snakes are of a broad-frequency span ranging from roughly 3,000 to 13,000 Hz with a dominant frequency near 7,500 Hz, king cobra growls consist solely of frequencies below 2,500 Hz, with a dominant frequency near 600 Hz, a much lower-sounding frequency closer to that of a human voice. Comparative anatomical morphometric analysis has led to a discovery of tracheal diverticula that function as low-frequency resonating chambers in king cobra and its prey, the rat snake, both of which can make similar growls.[27]

text: Reproduction[edit]

text: The female is gravid for 50 to 59 days, after which she builds a nest, lays 12 to 51 eggs and guards it during the incubation period of about 51 to 79 days. The hatchlings are  31 to 73 cm (12 to 29 in) long and weigh 18.4 to 40 g (0.65 to 1.41 oz).[3]

text: The king cobra is unusual among snakes in that the female is a very dedicated parent. For the nest, the female scrapes up leaves and other debris into a mound, and stays in the nest until the young hatch. She guards the mound tenaciously, rearing up into a threat display if any large animal gets too close.[28] Inside the mound, the eggs are incubated at a steady 28 °C (82 °F). When the eggs start to hatch, the female leaves the nest. The baby king cobra's venom is as potent as that of the adults. They may be brightly marked, but these colours often fade as they mature. They are alert and nervous, being highly aggressive if disturbed.[4]

text: Venom[edit]

text: The venom of the king cobra consists primarily of neurotoxins, known as the haditoxin,[29] with several other compounds.[19][30] Its murine LD50 toxicity varies from intravenous 1.31 mg/kg[31] and intraperitoneal 1.644 mg/kg[31] to subcutaneous 1.7—1.93 mg/kg.[32][33][34]

text: This species is capable of delivering a fatal bite and the victim may receive a large quantity of venom with a dose of 200 to 500 mg [4][35][36] up to 7 ml.[12] Engelmann and Obst (1981) list the average venom yield at 420 mg (dry weight).[33] Accordingly, large quantities of antivenom may be needed to reverse the progression of symptoms developed if bitten by a king cobra.[5] The toxins affect the victim's central nervous system, resulting in severe pain, blurred vision, vertigo, drowsiness, and eventually paralysis. If the envenomation is serious, it progresses to cardiovascular collapse, and the victim falls into a coma. Death soon follows due to respiratory failure. Bites from a king cobra may result in a rapid fatality[4][5] which can be as early as 30 minutes after the envenomation.[5][37] The king cobra's envenomation was even recorded to be capable of killing elephants within hours.[38]

text: Two types of antivenom are made specifically to treat king cobra envenomations. The Red Cross in Thailand manufactures one, and the Central Research Institute in India manufactures the other; however, both are made in small quantities and, while available to order, are not widely stocked.[39] Ohanin, a protein component of the venom, causes hypolocomotion and hyperalgesia in mammals.[40] Other components have cardiotoxic,[41] cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects.[42] In Thailand, a concoction of alcohol and the ground root of turmeric is ingested, which has been clinically shown to create a strong resilience against the venom of the king cobra, and other snakes with neurotoxic venom.[43][44] Proper and immediate treatments are critical to avoid death. Successful precedents include a client who recovered and was discharged in 10 days after being treated by accurate antivenom and inpatient care.[37]

text: Snakebites from this species are rare, and most victims are snake handlers.[4] Not all king cobra bites result in envenomation, but they are often considered of medical importance.[45] Clinical mortality rates vary between different regions and depend on many factors, such as local medical advancement. A Thai survey reports 10 deaths out of 35 patients received for king cobra bites, whose fatality rate posed (28%) is higher than those of other cobra species.[46] Department of Clinical Toxinology in University of Adelaide gives this serpent a general untreated fatality rate of 50–60%, implying that the snake has about a half chance to deliver bites involving nonfatal quantities of venom.[32]

text: Conservation[edit]

text: The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to pressure from harvesting for meat, skin and use in traditional medicine, and because of increasing loss of habitat to deforestation.[1] In India, king cobras are placed under Schedule II of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (as amended) and a person guilty of killing the snake can be imprisoned for up to six years.[47]

text: Cultural significance[edit]

text:
A ritual in Myanmar involves a king cobra and a female snake charmer. The charmer is a priestess who is usually tattooed with three pictograms and kisses the snake on the top of its head at the end of the ritual.[8][20]
Members of the Pakokku clan tattoo themselves with ink mixed with cobra venom on their upper bodies in a weekly inoculation that potentially might protect them from the snake, though no scientific evidence supports this.[20][48]

text: Cobra stones or gems or pearls are believed to develop from the cobra's hood.[49]