document_title: Ben Aaron

question_text: who is ben married to from pickler and ben

text: Ben Aaron

text: Early life and education[edit]

text: Benjamin Aron Colonomos[3] was born on September 10, 1981,[4] in New York to Janis Yudelson Salerno and Mark Colonomos.[5][6] He grew up in Piermont, New York[7] and graduated from Emerson College, in Boston, Massachusetts.[4]

text: Career[edit]

text: Aaron started his journalism career on radio in 1999 at 18 years old working for Radio Disney.[8] After a brief stint hosting a radio show in Tucson, Arizona, he moved to Los Angeles and landed an on-air television hosting job for Daybreak OC, an Orange County-based morning lifestyle/news show serving all of Los Angeles.  From there he went to KSWB in San Diego continuing his work as a features reporter until WNBC in New York picked him up. He has worked for NBCUniversal at WNBC as their host of New York Live.[8] There he received three consecutive Emmy Awards for "Best Features Reporter".  He was a co-host of the nationally syndicated television program, Crazy Talk as well as being a correspondent for Extra.[9][10] In September 2017, Aaron began co-hosting Pickler & Ben, a syndicated talk show, with country star Kellie Pickler.[11]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In August 2013, Aaron became engaged to ABC News Chief Meteorologist Ginger Zee.[12] The couple wed on June 7, 2014.[13] Their son Adrian Benjamin Colonomos was born in December 2015.[14] in Petoskey, Michigan.[15] On August 14, 2017, she announced on Good Morning America that she was pregnant with her second child. On February 9, 2018, she gave birth to a boy.[14] The family resides in Manhattan.[16] Due to Aaron's new show, he travels between home and Nashville, Tennessee.


document_title: 2016 Summer Olympics

question_text: which olympic discipline will be new to the rio 2016 games

question_tokens: which olympic discipline will be new to the rio 2016 games

root

text: 2016 Summer Olympics

text: Bidding process[edit]

text: The process for the 2016 Olympic Games was officially launched on 16 May 2007.[4] The first step for each city was to submit an initial application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by 13 September 2007, confirming their intention to bid. Completed official bid files, containing answers to a 25-question IOC form, were to be submitted by each 14 January 2008. Four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist on 4 June 2008: Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, which hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics and will host again in 2020. The IOC did not promote Doha to the candidature phase, despite scoring higher than selected candidate city Rio de Janeiro, because of their intent of hosting the Olympics in October, outside of the IOC's sporting calendar. Prague and Baku also failed to make the cut.[5]

tag: p

text: Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the 10-member Evaluation Commission, having also chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids. The commission made on-site inspections in the second quarter of 2009. They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members on 2 September, one month before elections.[6]

text: Many restrictions are in place designed to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or influencing directly the 115 voting members. Cities may not invite any IOC member to visit nor may they send anything that could be construed as a gift. Nonetheless, bidding cities invest large sums in their PR and media programs in an attempt to indirectly influence the IOC members by garnering domestic support, support from sports media and general international media.

text:
“
Ultimately, you are communicating with just 115 people and each one has influencers and pressure groups but you are still speaking to no more than about 1,500 people, perhaps 5,000 in the broadest sense. It is not just about getting ads out there but it is about a targeted and very carefully planned campaign.
”

— Jon Tibbs, a consultant on the Tokyo bid[7]

tag: table

text: The final voting was held on 2 October 2009, in Copenhagen with Madrid and Rio de Janeiro perceived as favourites to land the games. Chicago and Tokyo were eliminated after the first and second rounds of voting, respectively, while Rio de Janeiro took a significant lead over Madrid heading into the final round. The lead held and Rio de Janeiro was announced as host of 2016 Summer Olympics.

text:
2016 Summer Olympics bidding results[8]

City
NOC
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3

Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
26
46
66

Madrid
 Spain
28
29
32

Tokyo
 Japan
22
20
—

Chicago
 United States
18
—
—

text: Development and preparation[edit]

text: On 26 June 2011, it was reported on AroundTheRings.com that Roderlei Generali, the COO of the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, resigned just one year after taking the job at ROOC. This comes just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons.[9] Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO.[10]

text: Venues and infrastructure[edit]

text: Events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues.[11]

text: Each event was held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters: Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã. The same was done for the 2007 Pan American Games.[12][13] Several of the venues were located at the Barra Cluster Olympic Park.[11] Athletes could access their venues in shorter than 10 minutes and about 75 percent could do so in less than 25 minutes. Of the 34 competition locales, eight have undergone permanent works, seven are limited, and nine are perpetual legacy venues.[14]

text: The largest venue at the games in terms of seating capacity was the 74,738-seat Maracanã Stadium, which served as the ceremonies venue and site of the football finals.[11] The second largest stadium was the 60,000-seat Estádio Olímpico João Havelange, which hosted track and field events.[11]

text: The athletes' village was said to be the largest in Olympic history. Fittings included about 80,000 chairs, 70,000 tables, 29,000 mattresses, 60,000 clothes hangers, 6,000 television sets and 10,000 smartphones.[15]

text: Olympic park[edit]

text: The Barra Olympic Park is a cluster of nine sporting venues in Barra da Tijuca, in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The site of the Olympic Park was formerly occupied by the Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet, also known as Jacarepaguá.[16]

text: The nine venues within the Olympic Park are:[17][18] Carioca Arena 1: basketball (capacity: 16,000); Carioca Arena 2: wrestling, judo (capacity: 10,000); Carioca Arena 3: fencing, taekwondo (capacity: 10,000); Future Arena: handball (capacity: 12,000); Maria Lenk Aquatics Centre: diving, synchronised swimming, water polo (capacity: 5,000); Olympic Aquatics Stadium: swimming, water polo play-offs (capacity: 15,000); Olympic Tennis Centre: tennis (capacity: 10,000 Main Court); Rio Olympic Arena: gymnastics (capacity: 12,000); and Rio Olympic Velodrome: track cycling (capacity: 5,000).

text: Football[edit]

text: As well as the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange and Maracanã and in Rio de Janeiro, football matches took place at 5 venues in the cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília and Manaus.

text:
Maracanã Stadium
Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Olympic Stadium
Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Arena da Amazônia
Manaus, AM

Arena Corinthians
São Paulo, SP

Arena Fonte Nova
Salvador, BA

Estádio Nacional
Brasília, DF

Mineirão
Belo Horizonte, MG

tag: ul

text: Urban renovation[edit]

text: Rio's historical downtown underwent an urban waterfront revitalization project called Porto Maravilha.[19] It covers 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi) in area. The project aimed to redevelop the port area, increasing the city center's attractiveness and enhancing Rio's competitive position in the global economy. The urban renovation involves: 700 km (430 mi) of public networks for water supply, sanitation, drainage, electricity, gas and telecom; 4 km (2.5 mi) of tunnels; 70 km (43 mi) of roads; 650 km2 (250 sq mi) of sidewalks; 17 km (11 mi) of bike path; 15,000 trees; three sanitation treatment plants. As part of this renovation, a new tram was built from the Santos Dumont Airport to Rodoviária Novo Rio. It was due to open in April 2016.[20]

text: The Games required more than 200 kilometres of security fencing. A 15,000 square metre warehouse in Barra da Tijuca in western Rio was used to assemble and supply the furniture and fittings for the Olympic Village. A second warehouse of 90,000 square metres, located in Duque de Caxias near the roads that provide access to the venues, contained all the equipment needed for the sporting events.[15]

text: Medals[edit]

text: The medal design was unveiled on 15 June 2016; they were produced by the Casa da Moeda do Brasil. The bronze and silver medals contained 30% recycled materials, while the gold medals were produced using gold that had been mined and extracted using means that met a series of sustainability criteria, such as being extracted without the use of mercury. The medals feature a wreath design, while the obverse, as is traditional, features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. They were accompanied by a wooden carrying box, while medallists also received a trophy of the Games' emblem.[21][22]

text: In May 2017, an Associated Press article disclosed that more than 100 athletes from around the world reported that their medals had damage, including black spots, flaking, or surface degrading. Rio officials offered to replace any defective medals and found problems with 6 to 7 percent of all awarded medals.[23]

text: Sustainability[edit]

text: As an aspect of its bid, Rio's organizing committee committed to a focus on sustainability and environmental protection as a theme of these Games, going on to dub them a "Green Games for a Blue Planet".[24] Organizers intended to, as legacy projects, introduce a wider array of public transport options, upgrade the infrastructure of the favelas to provide improved transport and access to utilities, upgrade Rio's sewer system in order to remediate the level of pollution in the Guanabara Bay.[24][25] and plant 24 million seedlings to offset the expected carbon emissions of the Games. However, some of these projects were met with delays or faced with economic shortfalls, which led some critics to believe that Rio would not be able to accomplish them.[24][26]

text: The focus on environmental protection also influenced the implementation of certain Olympic protocols: the Olympic cauldron was designed to be smaller than previous iterations in order to reduce emissions, and utilizes a kinetic sculpture to enhance its appearance in lieu of a larger body of flames.[27] The bronze and silver medals, as well as ribbons on all medals, incorporate recycled materials,[21][22] and athletes were not presented with flowers during medal ceremonies, as had been traditionally done at prior Olympics (although flowers were still used as part of the staging of medal presentations). Organizers considered the practice to be wasteful since they were often thrown away, and "would struggle to survive in the tropical Brazilian climate" if kept. The podiums were also designed so that their materials could be recycled to make furniture.[22][28] The Future Arena, host of handball competitions, was designed as a modular temporary venue whose components can be reconstructed to build schools.[29] However as of November 2017 the arena is still standing because of lack of money to dismantle it and no funds to dismantle it are allocated in 2018 budget.[30]

text: Portions of the opening ceremony were also dedicated to the issue of climate change.[31]

text: Torch relay[edit]

text: The Olympic flame was lit at the temple of Hera in Olympia on 21 April 2016, the traditional start of the Greek phase of the torch relay. On 27 April the flame was handed over to the Brazilian organizers at a ceremony at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens. A brief stop was made in Switzerland to visit the IOC headquarters and the Olympic Museum in Lausanne as well as the United Nations Office at Geneva.[32]

text: The torch relay began its Brazilian journey on 3 May at the capital Brasília. The torch relay visited more than 300 Brazilian cities (including all the 26 states capitals and the Brazilian Federal District), with the last part held in the city of Rio de Janeiro,[33] lighting the cauldron during the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony on 5 August.

text: Volunteers[edit]

text: Unpaid volunteers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games. A target of 50,000 volunteers was set as early as 2012. When recruitment took place in 2014, over 240,000 applications were received. The volunteers wore clothing which included yellow polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, white socks and green trainers which they collected from the Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre. But many volunteers have stopped to due long working hours and one free meal a day.[34] Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges which were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media which gain them access to specific venues and buildings around the site.[35]

text: Ticketing[edit]

text: The ticket prices were announced on 16 September 2014, all of which were sold in Brazilian reais (BRL). A total of 7.5 million tickets were to be sold in total, with ticket prices ranging from BRL 40 for many events to BRL 4,600 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. About 3.8 million of these tickets were available for BRL 70 or less.[36][37]

text: The Games[edit]

text: Opening ceremony[edit]

text: The opening ceremony took place at Maracana Stadium on 5 August 2016, and was directed by Fernando Meirelles, Daniela Thomas and Andrucha Waddington.[38] The ceremony highlighted aspects of Brazilian history and culture, and featured a segment narrated by Fernanda Montenegro and Judi Dench with an appeal to environmental conservation and preventing global warming.[31][39] The ceremony also featured the inaugural presentation of the Olympic Laurel, an honour bestowed by the IOC to those that have made "significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport", to Kipchoge "Kip" Keino.[40] The Games were officially opened by Acting President of Brazil Michel Temer.[41]

text: The Olympic cauldron was lit by Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima, the men's marathon bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics who was also awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship by the IOC after being attacked by a spectator and losing his lead. The cauldron was originally expected to be lit by Brazilian footballer Pelé, but he declined to participate due to health problems.[39][42][43] Following the opening ceremony, a public cauldron was lit in front of the Candelária Church by Jorge Gomes, a 14-year-old Brazilian athlete who had escaped from poverty to train as a runner.[44][45]

text: Sports[edit]

text: The 2016 Summer Olympic programme featured 28 sports encompassing 306 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

text:
2016 Summer Olympic Sports Programme

Aquatics

 Diving (8)
 Swimming (34)
 Synchronized swimming (2)
 Water polo (2)

 Archery (4)
 Athletics (47)
 Badminton (5)
 Basketball (2)
 Boxing (13)

 Canoeing

Sprint (12)
Slalom (4)

 Cycling (competitors)

BMX (2)
Mountain biking (2)
Road (4)
Track (10)

 Equestrian

Dressage (2)
Eventing (2)
Jumping (2)

 Fencing (10)

 Field hockey (2)
 Football (2)
 Golf (2)
 Gymnastics

Artistic (14)
Rhythmic (2)
Trampoline (2)

 Handball (2)
 Judo (14)
 Modern pentathlon (2)
 Rowing (14)
 Rugby sevens (2)
 Sailing (10)

 Shooting (15)
 Table tennis (4)
 Taekwondo (8)
 Tennis (5)
 Triathlon (2)
 Volleyball

Volleyball (2)
Beach volleyball (2)

 Weightlifting (15)
 Wrestling

Freestyle (12)
Greco-Roman (6)

text: New sports[edit]

text: In April 2008, the IOC began accepting applications for two new sports to be introduced to the Olympic programme, which included baseball and softball (which were dropped in 2005), karate, squash, golf, roller sports, and rugby union all applied to be included. Formal presentations were held for the IOC executive board in June 2009.[46] In August, the executive board initially gave its approval to rugby sevens—a seven-player version of rugby union—by a majority vote, thus removing baseball, roller sports, and squash from contention. Among the remaining three—golf, kathe remaining two sports was made on 9 October 2009, the final day of the 121st IOC Session. A new system was in place at this session; a sport now needed only a simple majority from the full IOC committee for approval rather than the two-thirds majority previously required.[47][48]

text: The International Sailing Federation announced in May 2012 that windsurfing would be replaced at the 2016 Olympics by kitesurfing,[49] but this decision was reversed in November.[50] The IOC announced in January 2013 that it would review the status of cycling events, following Lance Armstrong's admission of using performance-enhancing drugs and accusations that cycling's governing body had covered up doping.[51]

text: Participating National Olympic Committees[edit]

text: All 206 National Olympic Committees have qualified at least one athlete.[citation needed] The first three nations to qualify athletes for the Games were Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands who each qualified four athletes for the team dressage by winning medals in the team event at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games.[52]

text: As host nation, Brazil has received automatic entry for some sports including in all cycling disciplines and six places for weightlifting events.[53][54] The 2016 Summer Olympics were the first games in which Kosovo and South Sudan are eligible to participate. Bulgarian and Russian weightlifters were banned from Rio Olympics for numerous anti-doping violations.[55][56]

text: Kuwait was banned in October 2015 for the second time in five years over government interference in the country's Olympic committee.[57]

text:
Participating National Olympic Committees

 Afghanistan (3)
 Albania (6)
 Algeria (64)
 American Samoa (4)
 Andorra (5)
 Angola (25)
 Antigua and Barbuda (9)
 Argentina (213)
 Armenia (33)
 Aruba (7)
 Australia (421)
 Austria (71)
 Azerbaijan (56)
 Bahamas (28)
 Bahrain (35)
 Bangladesh (7)
 Barbados (12)
 Belarus (121)
 Belgium (108)
 Belize (3)
 Benin (6)
 Bermuda (8)
 Bhutan (2)
 Bolivia (12)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (11)
 Botswana (12)
 Brazil (465) (host)
 British Virgin Islands (4)
 Brunei (3)
 Bulgaria (51)
 Burkina Faso (5)
 Burundi (9)
 Cambodia (6)
 Cameroon (24)
 Canada (314)
 Cape Verde (5)
 Cayman Islands (5)
 Central African Republic (6)
 Chad (2)
 Chile (42)
 China (413)
 Colombia (147)
 Comoros (4)
 Congo (10)
 Democratic Republic of the Congo (4)
 Cook Islands (9)
 Costa Rica (10)
 Croatia (87)
 Cuba (120)
 Cyprus (16)
 Czech Republic (105)
 Denmark (122)
 Djibouti (7)
 Dominica (2)
 Dominican Republic (29)
 Ecuador (38)
 Egypt (120)
 El Salvador (8)
 Equatorial Guinea (2)
 Eritrea (12)
 Estonia (45)
 Ethiopia (34)
 Fiji (51)
 Finland (56)
 France (399)
 Gabon (6)
 The Gambia (4)
 Georgia (39)
 Germany (425)
 Ghana (14)
 Great Britain (366)
 Greece (95)
 Grenada (6)
 Guam (5)
 Guatemala (21)
 Guinea (5)
 Guinea-Bissau (5)
 Guyana (6)
 Haiti (10)
 Honduras (26)
 Hong Kong (38)
 Hungary (160)
 Iceland (8)
 India (124)
 Indonesia (28)
 Iran (64)
 Iraq (23)
 Ireland (77)
 Israel (48)
 Italy (309)
 Ivory Coast (12)
 Jamaica (68)
 Japan (338)
 Jordan (8)
 Kazakhstan (104)
 Kenya (89)
 Kiribati (3)
 North Korea (35)
 South Korea (205)
 Kosovo (8)
 Independent Olympic Athletes (9)
 Kyrgyzstan (19)
 Laos (6)
 Latvia (34)
 Lebanon (9)
 Lesotho (8)
 Liberia (2)
 Libya (7)
 Liechtenstein (3)
 Lithuania (67)
 Luxembourg (10)
 Macedonia (6)
 Madagascar (6)
 Malawi (5)
 Malaysia (32)
 Maldives (4)
 Mali (6)
 Malta (7)
 Marshall Islands (5)
 Mauritania (2)
 Mauritius (12)
 Mexico (125)
 Federated States of Micronesia (5)
 Moldova (23)
 Monaco (3)
 Mongolia (43)
 Montenegro (34)
 Morocco (51)
 Mozambique (6)
 Myanmar (7)
 Namibia (10)
 Nauru (2)
 Nepal (7)
 Netherlands (242)
 New Zealand (199)
 Nicaragua (5)
 Niger (6)
 Nigeria (75)
 Norway (62)
 Oman (4)
 Pakistan (7)
 Palau (5)
 Palestine (6)
 Panama (10)
 Papua New Guinea (8)
 Paraguay (11)
 Peru (29)
 Philippines (13)
 Poland (243)
 Portugal (92)
 Puerto Rico (42)
 Qatar (38)
 Refugee Olympic Team (10)
 Romania (97)
 Russia (282)
 Rwanda (8)
 Saint Kitts and Nevis (7)
 Saint Lucia (5)
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (4)
 Samoa (8)
 San Marino (5)
 São Tomé and Príncipe (3)
 Saudi Arabia (12)
 Senegal (22)
 Serbia (104)
 Seychelles (10)
 Sierra Leone (4)
 Singapore (25)
 Slovakia (51)
 Slovenia (61)
 Solomon Islands (3)
 Somalia (2)
 South Africa (137)
 Spain (306)
 Sri Lanka (9)
 Sudan (6)
 South Sudan (3)
 Suriname (6)
 Swaziland (2)
 Sweden (152)
 Switzerland (104)
 Syria (7)
 Chinese Taipei (60)
 Tajikistan (7)
 Tanzania (7)
 Thailand (54)
 East Timor (3)
 Togo (5)
 Tonga (7)
 Trinidad and Tobago (32)
 Tunisia (61)
 Turkey (103)
 Turkmenistan (9)
 Tuvalu (1)
 Uganda (21)
 Ukraine (203)
 United Arab Emirates (13)
 United States (554)
 Uruguay (17)
 Uzbekistan (70)
 Vanuatu (4)
 Venezuela (87)
 Vietnam (23)
 Virgin Islands (7)
 Yemen (3)
 Zambia (7)
 Zimbabwe (31)

text: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)[edit]

text:
IOC
Country
Athletes

USA
 United States
554

BRA
 Brazil
465

GER
 Germany
425

AUS
 Australia
421

CHN
 China
413

FRA
 France
399

GBR
 Great Britain
366

JPN
 Japan
338

CAN
 Canada
314

ITA
 Italy
309

ESP
 Spain
306

RUS
 Russia
282

POL
 Poland
243

NED
 Netherlands
242

KOR
 South Korea
205

UKR
 Ukraine
203

NZL
 New Zealand
199

Total
11,237

text: Refugee athletes[edit]

text: Due to the European migrant crisis and other reasons, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed athletes to compete as Independent Olympians under the Olympic Flag. In the previous Summer Olympic Games, refugees were ineligible to compete because of their inability to represent their home NOCs.[58] On 2 March 2016, the IOC finalized plans for a specific Refugee Olympic Team (ROT); out of 43 refugee athletes deemed potentially eligible, 10 were chosen to form the team.[59]

text: Independent athletes[edit]

text: Due to the suspension of the National Olympic Committee of Kuwait, participants from Kuwait were allowed to participate under the Olympic Flag as Independent Olympic Athletes.

text: In November 2015, Russia was provisionally suspended from all international track and field athletic competitions by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) following a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report into a doping program in the country.[60] The IAAF announced that it would allow individual Russian athletes to apply for "exceptional eligibility" to participate in the Games as "neutral" athletes, if it were independently verified that they had not engaged in doping nor in the Russian doping program.[61]

text: On 24 July 2016, the IOC rejected the IAAF and WADA's recommendations to allow clean athletes to compete neutrally, stating that the Olympic Charter "does not foresee such 'neutral athletes'" and that it was up to each country's National Olympic Committee to decide which athletes would be competing.[62]

text: National houses[edit]

text: During the Games some countries and continents had a national house. These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout Rio de Janeiro.[63]

text:
Nation
Location
Name

Africa House
Barra da Tijuca
Casa da África

Australia
Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange Convention Center
Casa da Austrália

Austria
Botafogo
Casa da Áustria

Brazil
Gamboa
Casa do Brasil

Colombia
Centro
Casa da Colômbia

Czech Republic
Barra da Tijuca
Casa da República Tcheca

Denmark
Ipanema
Pavilhão Dinamarquês

Finland
Centro
Casa da Finlândia

France
Lagoa
Clube da França

Germany
Leblon
Casa de Praia da Alemanha

Great Britain
Parque Lage, Jardim Botânico
Casa Olímpica da Grã-Bretanha

Hungary
Gávea
Casa da Hungria

Jamaica
Gávea
Casa da Jamaica

Mexico
Centro
Casa do México

Netherlands
Lagoa
Holland Heineken House
(Casa da Holanda)

Portugal
Centro
Casa de Portugal

PyeongChang 2018
Copacabana Beach
Casa de PyeongChang 2018

Qatar
Botafogo
Bayt Quatar

Russia
Copacabana
Casa do Time Olímpico do Rússia

Slovakia
Barra da Tijuca
Casa Eslovaca

Tokyo 2020
Barra da Tijuca
Casa de Tóquio 2020

Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Paço Imperial
Casa do Governo Metropolitano de Tóquio

text: Calendar[edit]

text: This is currently based on the schedule released on the same day as ticket sales began, 31 March 2015.[64]

text:
OC
Opening ceremony
●
Event competitions
1
Gold medal events
EG
Exhibition gala
CC
Closing ceremony

text:
August
3rd
Wed
4th
Thu
5th
Fri
6th
Sat
7th
Sun
8th
Mon
9th
Tue
10th
Wed
11th
Thu
12th
Fri
13th
Sat
14th
Sun
15th
Mon
16th
Tue
17th
Wed
18th
Thu
19th
Fri
20th
Sat
21st
Sun
Events

 Ceremonies

OC

CC
N/A

 Archery

●
1
1
●
●
●
1
1

4

 Athletics

3
5
4
5
5
4
6
7
7
1
47

 Badminton

●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2
1

5

 Basketball

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2

 Boxing

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
13

Canoeing
 Slalom

●
●
1
1
2

16

 Sprint

●
4
●
4
●
4

Cycling
 Road cycling

1
1

2

18

 Track cycling

1
2
2
1
1
3

 BMX

●
●
2

 Mountain biking

1
1

 Diving

1
1
1
1

●
●
1
●
1
●
1
●
1

8

 Equestrian

●
●
●
2
●
●
1

●
1
●
1

1

6

 Fencing

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

10

 Field hockey

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1

2

 Football
●
●

●
●

●
●

●
●

●
●

1
1

2

 Golf

●
●
●
1

●
●
●
1

2

Gymnastics
 Artistic

●
●
1
1
1
1

4
3
3
EG

18

 Rhythmic

●
1
1

 Trampolining

1
1

 Handball

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
2

 Judo

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

14

 Modern pentathlon

●
1
1

2

 Rowing

●
●
●
●
2
4
4
4

14

 Rugby sevens

●
●
1
●
●
1

2

 Sailing

●
●
●
●
●
●
2
2
2
2
2

10

 Shooting

2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1

15

 Swimming

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

1
1

34

 Synchronized swimming

●
●
1

●
1

2

 Table tennis

●
●
●
●
1
1
●
●
●
●
1
1

4

 Taekwondo

2
2
2
2

8

 Tennis

●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1
3

5

 Triathlon

1

1

2

Volleyball
 Beach volleyball

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1

4

 Indoor volleyball

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1

 Water polo

●

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
1
1

2

 Weightlifting

1
2
2
2
2

2
1
1
1
1

15

 Wrestling

2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
18

Daily medal events

12
14
14
15
20
19
24
21
22
17
25
16
23
22
30
12
306

Cumulative total

12
26
40
55
75
94
118
139
161
178
203
219
242
264
294
306

August
3rd
Wed
4th
Thu
5th
Fri
6th
Sat
7th
Sun
8th
Mon
9th
Tue
10th
Wed
11th
Thu
12th
Fri
13th
Sat
14th
Sun
15th
Mon
16th
Tue
17th
Wed
18th
Thu
19th
Fri
20th
Sat
21st
Sun
Events

text: Records[edit]

text: Twenty-seven world records and ninety-one Olympic records were set during the 2016 Summer Olympics. The records were set in archery, athletics, canoeing, cycling track, modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, swimming and weightlifting.

text: Medal table[edit]

text: The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below. Host nation Brazil finished in 13th place with a total of 19 medals (7 gold, 6 silver, and 6 bronze).

text: To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.

text:
2016 Summer Olympics medal table

Rank
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 United States (USA)
46
37
38
121

2
 Great Britain (GBR)
27
23
17
67

3
 China (CHN)
26
18
26
70

4
 Russia (RUS)
19
17
19
55

5
 Germany (GER)
17
10
15
42

6
 Japan (JPN)
12
8
21
41

7
 France (FRA)
10
18
14
42

8
 South Korea (KOR)
9
3
9
21

9
 Italy (ITA)
8
12
8
28

10
 Australia (AUS)
8
11
10
29

11–86
Remaining NOCs
125
149
182
456

Total (86 NOCs)
307
306
359
972

text: *Host nation (Brazil) (Brazil is ranked at #13. See the complete medals table at 2016 Summer Olympics medal table.)

text: Podium sweeps[edit]

text:
Date
Sport
Event
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze

17
August

Athletics
Women's 100 metre hurdles
 United States
Brianna Rollins
Nia Ali
Kristi Castlin

text: Event scheduling[edit]

text: A number of events, most notably in aquatics, beach volleyball, and track and field, were scheduled with sessions and matches occurring as late as 10:00 p.m. to midnight BRT. These scheduling practices were influenced primarily by United States broadcast rightsholder NBC (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has sometimes allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible), as well as the main Brazilian rightsholder Rede Globo. As Brasília time is only one hour ahead of the U.S. Eastern Time Zone, certain marquee events were scheduled to occur during U.S. primetime hours (traditionally 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. ET, 9:00 p.m. to midnight BRT) allowing them to be broadcast live on the east coast as opposed to being delayed. This practice was also to the benefit of Globo; a Brazilian television critic noted that Globo very rarely preempts its primetime telenovelas, which are among the highest-rated programs on Brazilian television. Globo artistic developer Monica Albuquerque did not rule out doing so during special circumstances, however.[65][66][67][68]

text: Closing ceremony[edit]

text: The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 21 August 2016 from 20:00 to 22:50 BRT at the Maracanã Stadium.[69] As per traditional Olympic protocol, the ceremony featured cultural presentations from both the current (Brazil) and following (Japan) host countries, as well as closing remarks by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach and the leader of the Games' organizing committee Carlos Arthur Nuzman, the official handover of the Olympic flag from Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes to Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike, whose city will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, and the extinguishing of the Olympic flame.[70]

text: The creative director for the ceremony was Rosa Magalhães.[71] Amid heavy rainfall, the ceremony began with interpretive dancers representing various landmarks in the host city. Martinho da Vila then performed a rendition of the classic song "Carinhoso (pt)" by Pixinguinha. In another segment, introducing the athletes, pop singer Roberta Sá channeled Carmen Miranda, the fruit-headdress-wearing, midcentury Hollywood diva who endures as a beloved camp figure. The Parade of Flags followed shortly after a choir of 27 children, representing the states of Brazil, sang the Brazilian national anthem.

text: Cost[edit]

text: The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics at USD 4.6 billion in 2015-dollars.[72] This includes sports-related costs, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, of which the largest components are technology, transportation, workforce, and administration costs, while other operational costs include security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The Rio Olympics' cost of USD 4.6 billion compares with costs of USD 40-44 billion for Beijing 2008 and USD 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is USD 5.2 billion.

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Olympic Broadcasting Services served as the host broadcaster for these Games; produced from a total of 7 mobile units, OBS distributed 40,000 hours of television footage and 60,000 hours of digital footage of the Games to its international rightsholders; for the first time in Olympic history, digital-oriented footage exceeded the amount of television-oriented footage. The International Broadcast Centre was constructed in the Barra da Tijuca cluster.[73] NHK and OBS once again filmed portions of the Games, including the opening ceremony and selected events, in 8K resolution video. Additionally, expanding upon a 180-degree trial at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics, 85 hours of video content were originated in 360-degree virtual reality formats.[74] In the United States, NBC offered 4K content, downconverted from the 8K footage and with HDR and Dolby Atmos support, to participating television providers.[75] Owing to their expertise in domestic broadcasts of the new sports introduced in Rio, NBC and Sky New Zealand staff handled the production of the golf and rugby sevens events on behalf of OBS.[73]

text: In August 2009, the IOC reached a deal to sell domestic broadcast rights to the 2016 Summer Olympics to Grupo Globo. Replacing Record TV the deal covers free-to-air coverage on Rede Globo, pay TV, and digital rights to the Games. In turn, Globo sub-licensed partial free-to-air rights to Rede Record, along with Rede Bandeirantes. IOC board member Richard Carrión described the agreement as "unprecedented", touting that "by working with Brazil's leading media organizations, we are confident that this represents a great deal for Olympic fans in the region. There will be a huge increase in the amount of Olympic action broadcast, both during and outside Games time, and Brazilians will have more choice of how, when and where they follow their Olympic Games."[76]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Motto[edit]

text: The official motto for the 2016 Summer Olympics is "A new world" (Portuguese: Um mundo novo). It was chosen to highlight the commitment of the games organiser to make the world peace, united and a better place to live as well as a legacy for future generations through the games hosting.[77][78][79]

text: Mascot[edit]

text: The official mascots of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 24 November 2014. They were created by Sao Paulo-based animation company Birdo.[80] The Olympic mascot Vinicius, named after musician Vinicius de Moraes, represents Brazilian wildlife and carries design traits of cats, monkeys, and birds.[80] According to their fictional backgrounds, the mascots "were both born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games."[81] Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots are intended to reflect the diversity of Brazil's culture and people.[82] The names of the mascots were determined by a public vote whose results were announced on 14 December 2014; the names, which reference the co-writers of the song "The Girl from Ipanema", won over two other sets of names, tallying 44 percent of 323,327 votes.[83] At the Olympic wrestling events, coaches were given plush dolls of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a referee's call.[84]

text: Emblem[edit]

text: The official emblem for the 2016 Summer Olympics was designed by the Brazilian agency Tatíl Design and unveiled on 31 December 2010, winning in a competition against 139 agencies.[85] The logo represents three figures joined at their arms and feet, with the overall shape reflecting that of Sugarloaf Mountain. The emblem was also designed to have a three-dimensional form, which designer Fred Gelli claimed made it the "first 3D logo in the history of the Olympics."[86]

text: The logo has been noted as evoking Henri Matisse's painting Dance. There were also allegations by the Colorado-based Telluride Foundation that the logo had been plagiarized from its own. While also consisting of several figures linked in motion, the Telluride Foundation logo contains four figures. This is not the first time that the foundation had alleged plagiarism of its logo by a Brazilian event; in 2004, the linked figures element had been copied for the logo of Carnival celebrations in Salvador. Gelli defended the allegations, stating that the concept of figures linked in embrace was not inherently original as it was "an ancient reference" and "in the collective unconscious". Gelli cited Dance as an influence of the logo's concept, and stated that the designers had intentionally aimed to make the interpretation of the concept as dissimilar to others as possible.[87]

text: Concerns and controversies[edit]

text: An ongoing outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus in Brazil raised fears regarding its potential impact on athletes and visitors. To prevent puddles of stagnant water that allow mosquitoes to breed, organizers announced plans to perform daily inspections of Olympic venues.[88] Zika virus transmission was also attributed to inefficient sewage treatment in the area—an issue that was also in the process of being addressed for the Games.[89] In May 2016, a group of 150 physicians and scientists sent an open letter to the World Health Organization, calling upon them to, according to co-author Arthur Caplan, have "an open, transparent discussion of the risks of holding the Olympics as planned in Brazil". The WHO dismissed the request, stating that "cancelling or changing the location of the 2016 Olympics will not significantly alter the international spread of Zika virus", and that there was "no public health justification" for postponing them.[90][91][92] Some athletes did not attend the Games because of the epidemic.[93][94] On 2 September 2016, the World Health Organization reported that there were no confirmed cases of Zika among athletes or visitors during the Olympics.[95]

text: The Guanabara Bay, whose waters were used for sailing and windsurfing competitions, is heavily polluted. Among the chief causes of the pollution are uncollected trash fed into the bay via polluted rivers and slums along the coast. Pollution of the Guanabara has been a long-term issue. Officials promised at the Earth Summit in 1992 that they would begin to address the pollution but previous attempts to do so have been insufficient. As an aspect of their bid for the Games, Rio once again committed to making efforts towards cleaning the bay.[96][97] However, some of these proposed initiatives have faced budgetary issues.[25] Prior to these efforts, only 17% of Rio's sewage was treated;[98] this raw sewage also leaked into the bay. Although Mayor of Rio Eduardo Paes stated that the city may not be able to reach its goal of having 80% of sewage treated,[99] at least 60% of sewage was treated by March 2016, with a projected goal of 65% of sewage being treated by the time the Olympics started.[100]

text: In 2014, Operation Car Wash, an investigation by the Federal Police of Brazil, uncovered unprecedented money laundering and corruption at the state-controlled oil company Petrobras. In early 2015, a series of protests against alleged corruption by the government of President Dilma Rousseff began in Brazil, triggered by revelations that numerous politicians were involved in the Petrobras affair. By early 2016, the scandal had escalated into a full-blown political crisis affecting not only President Rousseff, but also former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, resulting in massive demonstrations all over the country involving millions of protesters,[101] both anti and pro-Rousseff.[102][103] At the same time, Brazil faced its worst economic recession since the 1990s, raising questions about whether the country was adequately prepared for the Games against a volatile political and economic backdrop. On 12 May, President Rousseff was stripped of her powers and duties for 180 days, after an impeachment vote in the Federal Senate, thus Vice President Michel Temer acted as acting president during the Games.[104]

text: Rio's crime problems also received renewed attention after it was awarded the Games; Mayor Paes stated that the city was facing "big issues" in heightening security, but that such concerns and issues were presented to the IOC throughout the bidding process.[105] The governor of the state of Rio de Janeiro also highlighted the fact that London faced security problems, with a terrorist attack occurring just one day after it was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics. The estimate was that 5,000 men of the National Public Security Force and 22,000 military officers (14,800 Army; 5,900 Navy and 1,300 of the Brazilian Air Force), in addition to the fixed quota of Rio January, would act during the Olympic Games.[106] On 21 July 2016, two weeks before the scheduled start of the Games, the Brazilian Federal Police broke up an Islamic jihadist terrorist ring by arresting 12 people.[107]

text: While the whole city underwent major infrastructure improvements, there were concerns that some of the projects would never materialise.[108] On 21 April—the day that the Olympic torch was lit—a 50 metres (164 ft) section of the Tim Maia bike path, crossing the Oscar Niemeyer Avenue in São Conrado neighborhood and a part of the legacy of the games, was hit by a giant wave and collapsed, causing the death of two pedestrians and injuries to three more.[109][110] The athlete's village has been described as the largest in Olympic history, but two weeks before the Olympics opened, officials also described it as "unliveable" and unsafe because of major plumbing and electrical hazards, blocked toilets, leaking pipes, exposed wiring, darkened stairwells where no lighting has been installed, and dirty floors. More than 500 employees of the local Olympic committee worked to fix the problems reported by the delegations.[111]

text: On 5 October 2017, the head of the Brazilian Olympic Committee Carlos Nuzman, was arrested amid an money laundering investigation that a $2 million payment was made to secure votes for the bid to bring the Olympics to Rio. The money was allegedly paid to Lamine Diack and his son Papa Massata who was a member of the IOC at the time of the alleged payment which was three days before the vote in 2009. All 3 were charged with money laundering along with the former governor of Rio state Sergio Cabral, who was already in prison for money laundering offences at the time, Brazilian businessman Arthur Soares and ex Brazilian Olympic Committee chief Leonardo Gryner. All 6 were charged with running a criminal organisation, money laundering and violating currency laws in their own native countries.[112]

text: Russian doping scandal[edit]

text: Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster ARD reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to doping in East Germany. In November 2015, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published a report and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed Federal Security Service (FSB) agents.[113] After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by Richard McLaren. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the Ministry of Sport and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive [test] methodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".[114]

text: In response to these findings, WADA announced that RUSADA should be regarded as non-compliant with respect to the World Anti-Doping Code and recommended that Russia be banned from competing at the 2016 Summer Olympics.[115] The International Olympic Commission (IOC) rejected the recommendation, stating that the IOC and each sport's international federation would make decisions on each athlete's individual basis.[116][117] One day prior to the opening ceremony, 278 athletes were cleared to compete under the Russian flag, while 111 were removed because of doping.[118] In contrast, the entire Kuwaiti team was banned from competing under their own flag (for a non-doping related matter).[119][120]

text: Unlike the IOC, the International Paralympic Committee voted unanimously to ban the entire Russian team from the 2016 Summer Paralympics and suspended the Russian Paralympic Committee, having found evidence that the DPM was also in operation at the 2014 Winter Paralympics.[121]

text: On 9 December 2016, Canadian lawyer Richard McLaren published the second part of his independent report. The investigation found that from 2011 to 2015, more than 1,000 Russian competitors in various sports (including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports) benefited from the cover-up.[122][123][124] Emails indicate that they included five blind powerlifters, who may have been given drugs without their knowledge, and a fifteen-year-old.[125]

text: Other countries had minor doping bans too. The entire Bulgarian team were banned from competing in the weightlifting competition[126] and Azerbaijan, Romania, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Moldova and North Korea all had some athletes banned from weightlifting for past doping violations. The Romanian and Belorussian teams were banned from the canoeing events[127] all for past doping violations also. Despite these bans, a number of athletes failed drugs tests either before, during or after the games, including 4 different medal winners who consequently has their medals stripped. (see Doping at the Olympic Games )


document_title: George Lopez (TV series)

question_text: who played max on the george lopez show

question_tokens: who played max on the george lopez show

text: George Lopez (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The comedy revolves around a fictionalized portrayal of Lopez, working at the Powers Brothers aviation factory and raising his family consisting of his wife Angie, his daughter Carmen, and his son, Max, after having endured a dysfunctional and miserable childhood at the hands of his alcoholic, neglectful mother Benny, who is portrayed as selfish and cold-hearted. Other characters include Angie's indulgent father Vic Palmero, a wealthy doctor, and George's best childhood friend Ernie Cardenas, noted for his unsuccessful attempts at dating and his socially awkward behavior. After Carmen's departure from the series, the role fulfilled by her character was replaced with Angie's overindulged niece Veronica, with a large trust fund that has been entrusted under George's care.

text: Multiple storylines in the series are established through the unveiling of a secret guarded by Benny throughout George's whole childhood, most notably the discovery that his father Manny is still alive after George had been convinced by his mother that he died. Throughout a majority of the program, George tries to locate the whereabouts of his father, who was introduced at last in one episode and was revealed to be a nasty, yet successful businessman, having remarried with his second lover Lydia and fathered a few more children. However, Manny's personality was commonly depicted as being abusive toward his son and former wife in the few appearances that he made, before his death in one episode of kidney disease. Nonetheless, he prohibits his son's family from attending his funeral in protection of his reputation, much to George's fury.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Character

Portrayed by

Seasons

1

2

3

4

5

6

George Edward Lopez

George Lopez

Main

Angelina "Angie" Lopez (née Palmero)

Constance Marie

Main

Ernesto "Ernie" Cardenas

Valente Rodriguez

Main

Maximilian "Max" Victor Roberto Magic Johnson Lopez

Luis Armand Garcia

Main

Carmen Consuela Lopez

Masiela Lusha

Main

Flashback

Benita "Benny" Lopez (née Diaz)

Belita Moreno

Main

Dr. Victor "Vic" Garcia Lantigua Palmero

Emiliano Díez

Recurring

Main

Veronica Ann Palmero

Aimee Garcia

Recurring

Main

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: Comedian George Lopez had been performing standup throughout the early 1990s, expressing interest in having his own comedy television show like Seinfeld.[7] Lopez was only willing to do a show if it meant that the roles were not demeaning to Latinos, vowing never to play a murderer, drug dealer or gang member.[7] With an absence of TV deals, he continued to perform standup through the 1990s and into the 2000s.[7] In August 2000, after being given one of Lopez's comedy albums to listen to, actress Sandra Bullock saw Lopez perform live at the Brea Improv Comedy Club.[8] Bullock had been interested in developing a TV show with a Latino storyline, being concerned about the lack of visibility for Latinos on American television.[8] Bullock approached Lopez backstage after the show and made her pitch to produce and star in a situational comedy centered around the comedian.[9]

text: Though Bullock had connections through Hollywood, The George Lopez Show was not an easy sell.[10] Bullock sought the help of Bruce Helford (who created The Drew Carey Show and had been a head writer for Roseanne), and, due to his history with ABC on those shows, became a co-creator and executive producer of Lopez's show.[10] Bullock, Helford, and two of the show's other executive producers met with ABC executives later that month, and the network tested the show with 4 episodes, before committing to 13 episodes the following fall and eventually adding an additional 9.[9][10] Lopez was given full starring, creator, producer and writer credits for the show.[9] The George Lopez Show was seen as an attempt from ABC to diversify their programming, while still appealing to the widest possible audience.[9] ABC executives were hopeful that Lopez's humor and relatability would draw a large family audience, focusing on marketing the series as much as possible.[9] The network bought promotional time for the show on Spanish-language networks, and took out full-page ads in some magazines.[9]

text: Lopez drew much of the material for the show from his own life experiences, especially his upbringing in the San Fernando Valley.[9] Upon the series debut, Lopez became one of the few Latinos to star in a television comedy series, following in the footsteps of Desi Arnaz, Freddie Prinze, and John Leguizamo.

text: Casting[edit]

text: For the first five seasons, the show had an all-Latino cast with the exception of Albanian American actress Masiela Lusha, who played George's daughter Carmen.  During the show's fifth season, Aimee Garcia was cast as George's niece, Veronica.

text: Music[edit]

text: The show's theme song is "Low Rider", performed by War. The theme plays in the opening credits and was present when the show aired on ABC as well as syndication, but was replaced in the DVD releases of all seasons except 1 episode due to licensing costs. At the 9th ALMA Awards in 2007, George Lopez called the song the "Chicano National Anthem".

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: The series finale aired on May 8, 2007, after the show was canceled by ABC.[11] According to Lopez, ABC prime-time entertainment president Steve McPherson called him over the weekend and explained that the network would lose money if the show was picked up again, and that it wasn't doing well financially.[12] Lopez stated that the explanation was "painful to hear," noting that the show had four different time slots in only five years and had to constantly compete against shows like American Idol, yet the final season of the show was still able to outperform two comedy series that were renewed by ABC: Notes from the Underbelly and The Knights of Prosperity. Lopez said that ABC "dealt with us from the bottom of the deck" and that it was "hard to take after what was a good run."[12]

text: Lopez attributed the cancellation in part to the fact that the show was not produced directly by ABC Studios, but instead by Warner Bros. Television.[12] Lopez also criticized ABC's decision to approve the show Cavemen, being perplexed at the circumstances: "So a Chicano can't be on TV, but a caveman can?" According to Lopez, 170 staff members who worked on the show lost their jobs. Lopez explained that he "took the five years of good, and I did a lot with the good. My popularity, I was involved in charities, I overcame my illness, all on TV. I shared all of that with America – every secret I had... Every emotion. Everything was open to the show. And what happens?"[12] In spite of the cancellation, nightly episode re-runs continue to air on various networks both in the United States and abroad (see the "Syndication" section below).

text: On September 2, 2016, George Lopez announced through his Instagram that there are talks to bringing the show back on the air, but nothing has been announced.

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Broadcast and syndication[edit]

text: The show entered syndication one month after the series finale on ABC, and is distributed by Warner Bros. Television Distribution. The show aired in broadcast syndication on independent stations, and affiliates of Fox, The CW and MyNetworkTV as well as The CW Plus stations in the United States from 2007-2011 and on Telelatino in Canada. The show moved to ION Television on Thursday, Sept. 29, 2011.[13]

text: On March 8, 2007, it was announced that George Lopez would join the Nick at Nite lineup. It first aired on Nick at Nite on September 10, 2007 – it was the most current non-original show to air on Nick at Nite[14] (until it was announced that Everybody Hates Chris would join the lineup, followed by The Goldbergs and Mom). To this date, it continues to be their highest rated series and one of cable's best for an off-network sitcom.

text: Never a major hit in primetime, the show became an unexpected success in syndication. Many markets also moved the show from overnight timeslots to more desirable ones.[15]

text: Episodes from the first four seasons of George Lopez do not use those respective seasons' opening titles, the season five version is used instead (this is evident as Emiliano Diez is credited in the sequence, which is slightly longer than how they were originally broadcast on ABC, though there is also a short version also used in syndication that also differs from the original short opening credits that does not credit him for seasons 1-3, even though Diez did not make his first guest appearance until season two and did not become a cast regular until season four); the final two seasons use those seasons' appropriate versions of the opening credits.

text: On MTV Tr3s, the show premiered on the  network's redebut July 12, 2010 and reruns are being shown there.

text: On ION Television, the show premiered on the network's Sunday marathon starting on October 2, 2011 but then, was later pulled off their schedule.

text: In May 2016, the series was added to TV Land's line-up.

text: DVD[edit]

text: On April 17, 2007, Warner Home Video released seasons 1 and 2 on DVD in Region 1.[16] After over six years since the release of the first and second seasons, Warner Bros. released the third season on July 16, 2013.[17]  The fourth season was released on June 23, 2015.[18] The fifth season was released on August 18, 2015.[19]  The sixth and final season was released on November 24, 2015.[20]

text: Online media[edit]

text: The complete series was also published in high-definition on the iTunes Store and Amazon Video.  The show's theme song "Low Rider" is intact in these releases.[21][22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2014)

text: George Lopez was critically acclaimed and received positive reviews from critics.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season

Timeslot

Season premiere

Season finale

TV season

Rank

Viewers (in millions)

1

Wednesday 8:30 pm

March 27, 2002

April 17, 2002

2001–02

70

9.0[23]

2

October 2, 2002

May 14, 2003

2002–03

50

10.4[24]

3

Friday 8:00 pm

September 26, 2003

May 21, 2004

2003–04

96

7.4[3]

4

Tuesday 8:30 pm

September 28, 2004

May 17, 2005

2004–05

79

7.2[4]

5

Wednesday 8:00 pm

October 5, 2005

April 12, 2006

2005–06

82

7.2[5]

6

January 24, 2007

May 8, 2007

2006–07

95

6.1[6]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

2002

Young Artist Award

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress

Masiela Lusha

Won

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Young Actor Age Ten or Younger

Luis Armand Garcia

Nominated

Best Family Television Series (Comedy or Drama)

George Lopez

Won

2003

ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards

Top TV Series

Thomas Allen, Harold Ray Brown, Morris Dickerson, Gerald Goldstein, Lonnie Jordan, Lee Levitin, Charles Miller, and Howard E. Scott

Won

Imagen Awards

Best Primetime Comedy Series – Television

George Lopez

Won

Young Artist Award

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress

Masiela Lusha

Won

Most Popular Mom & Dad in a Television Series

Constance Marie & George Lopez

Nominated

2004

Imagen Awards

Best Supporting Actress in a Television Comedy

Belita Moreno

Won

Best Primetime Series – Comedy

George Lopez

Won

Best Actress in a Television Comedy

Constance Marie

Won

Best Actor in a Television Comedy

George Lopez

Won

Young Artist Award

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Recurring Young Actor

J. B. Gaynor

Nominated

Primetime Emmy Award

Outstanding Cinematography for a Multi-Camera Series

Peter Smokler (director of photography) for "Bringing Home the Bacon"

Nominated

2005

Imagen Awards

Henessy Privilège

George Lopez

Won

Primetime Emmy Award

Outstanding Art Direction for a Multi-Camera Series

John Shaffner (art director) and Judi Giovanni (set decorator) for episodes "Leave it to Lopez" / "The Simple Life" / "Trouble in Paradise"

Won

2007

ALMA Award

Outstanding Television Series, Mini-Series, or TV Movie

George Lopez

Nominated

Outstanding Actress – Television Series, Mini-Series, or TV Movie

Constance Marie

Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress – Television Series, Mini-Series, or TV Movie

Aimee Garcia

Nominated

Belita Moreno

Nominated


document_title: Kota, Rajasthan

question_text: who was tha founder ruler of kota state

question_tokens: who was tha founder ruler of kota state

text: Kota, Rajasthan

text: History[edit]

text: The history of the city dates back to the 12th century AD when Rao Deva, a Chauhan Rajput chieftain belonging to the Hada clan conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. Later, in the early 17th century, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi - Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture.[16]

text: The independent state of Kota became a reality in 1631 when Rao Madho Singh, the second son of Rao Ratan of Bundi was made the ruler, by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.[17] Soon Kota outgrew its parent state to become bigger in area, richer in revenue and more powerful. Maharao Bhim Singh played a pivotal role in Kota's history, having held a 'Mansab'[17] of five thousand and being the first in his dynasty to have the title of Maharao. Zalim Singh, a diplomat and statesman, emerged as another prominent figure of the state in the 18th century. Although initially being a general of Kota's army, he rose to the regent of the kingdom after the king died leaving a minor on the throne.[16] He remained a direct administrator of the state. In 1817, a treaty of friendship was signed between him and the British on his condition of carving out a part from the existing state for his descendants resulting in Jhalawar coming into existence in 1838.[16] During the colonial period, firebrand social activist Guru Radha Kishan organised the masses against the policies of the government. He left Kota after local administration came to know about the arrest warrant issued against him for his participation in Indian Independence activities.

text: Princely city of Kota[edit]

text:
Princely city: Kota (कोटा)

Region

Hadoti

19th-century flag

Independence from:

Bundi State

State existed:

1579-1949

Dynasties

Rajput Chauhan Hada

Capital

Kota

text: Kota city became independent in 1579, after Bundi state in Hadoti region had become weak. Then, Kota ruled the territory which now is Kota district and Baran district.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Kota is located along the banks of the Chambal River in the southern part of Rajasthan. It is the 3rd largest city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur. The cartographic coordinates are 25°11′N 75°50′E / 25.18°N 75.83°E / 25.18; 75.83.[18] It covers an area of 527 km2.[1][19] It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 ft). The district is bound on the north and north west by Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and Bundi districts. The Chambal River separates these districts from Kota district, forming the natural boundary.

text: The city of Kota is situated at a centre of the southeastern region of Rajasthan a region very widely known as Hadoti, the land of the Hadas. Kota lies along the banks of the Chambal river on a high sloping tableland forming a part of the Malwa Plateau. The general slope of city is towards the north. The comparatively rocky, barren and elevated land in southern part of city descends towards a plain agricultural land in the north. The Mokandarra hills run from southeast to northwest axis of the town. The historical places and temples are getting surrounded by signs of modern development.

text: Kota has fertile land and greenery with irrigation facilities through canals. The two main canals; called as left main canal (towards Bundi) and right main canal (towards Baran) originate from the reservoir created by Kota Barrage.[20][21] The tributaries of these canals make up a network in the city and surrounding areas of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and supplements the irrigation of these areas.[21]

text: Climate[edit]

text:
Kota

Climate chart (explanation)

JFMAMJJASOND

10

23
11

20

26
13

10

33
19

10

39
25

20

42
29

50

40
29

250

34
26

240

32
26

110

34
25

20

34
22

10

30
16

10

25
12

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mmSource: Kota weather

showImperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND

0.4

74
51

0.8

79
55

0.4

91
65

0.4

101
77

0.8

108
85

2

103
83

9.8

92
79

9.4

89
79

4.3

94
77

0.8

93
72

0.4

85
60

0.4

77
54

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

text: Kota has a semi arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with high temperatures throughout the year. Summers are long, hot and dry, starting in late March and lasting till the end of June. The temperatures average above 40 °C in May and June and frequently exceed 45 °C with temperatures as high as 48.4 °C also been recorded.[22] The monsoon season follows with comparatively lower temperatures, but higher humidity and frequent, torrential downpours. The monsoons subside in October and temperatures rise again. The brief, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until the last week of February. Temperatures hover between 26.7 °C (max) to 12 °C (min). This can be considered the best time to visit Kota because of intense heat in the summer.[23]

text: The average annual rainfall in the Kota district is 660.6 mm.[19] Most of the rainfall can be attributed to the southwest monsoon which has its beginning around the last week of June and may last till mid-September. Pre-monsoon showers begin towards the middle of June with post-monsoon rains occasionally occurring in October. The winter is largely dry, although some rainfall does occur as a result of the Western Disturbance passing over the region.[23]

text:
hideClimate data for Kota (A)

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Record high °C (°F)

33.4 (92.1)

37.0 (98.6)

42.7 (108.9)

48.5 (119.3)

48.4 (119.1)

47.3 (117.1)

44.3 (111.7)

41.0 (105.8)

41.0 (105.8)

40.4 (104.7)

38.0 (100.4)

33.2 (91.8)

48.5 (119.3)

Average high °C (°F)

23.7 (74.7)

26.9 (80.4)

32.9 (91.2)

38.8 (101.8)

42.1 (107.8)

40.0 (104)

34.2 (93.6)

32.0 (89.6)

33.7 (92.7)

34.3 (93.7)

29.9 (85.8)

25.3 (77.5)

32.8 (91.1)

Average low °C (°F)

10.9 (51.6)

13.7 (56.7)

19.1 (66.4)

25.0 (77)

29.3 (84.7)

29.2 (84.6)

26.5 (79.7)

25.4 (77.7)

25.0 (77)

21.8 (71.2)

16.3 (61.3)

11.9 (53.4)

21.2 (70.1)

Record low °C (°F)

1.8 (35.2)

4.5 (40.1)

8.6 (47.5)

14.0 (57.2)

20.0 (68)

18.8 (65.8)

20.4 (68.7)

18.4 (65.1)

16.4 (61.5)

14.1 (57.4)

7.1 (44.8)

3.8 (38.8)

1.8 (35.2)

Average precipitation mm (inches)

5.4 (0.213)

4.4 (0.173)

4.0 (0.157)

3.2 (0.126)

10.3 (0.406)

62.9 (2.476)

257.0 (10.118)

245.8 (9.677)

98.5 (3.878)

19.6 (0.772)

7.8 (0.307)

3.5 (0.138)

722.4 (28.441)

Average rainy days

0.9

1.0

0.6

0.4

2.1

6.9

13.1

15.2

5.6

1.6

1.2

0.5

49.1

Average relative humidity (%)

48

38

25

19

23

43

67

74

58

40

41

48

44

Source #1: Kota weather, India Meteorological Department: (Kota (A) record highs and lows up to 2010),[24] Monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall (1961-2000)[25]

Source #2: NOAA (1971-1990)[26]

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Demographic Distribution of Religion in Kota, Rajasthan[27]

Religion

Percent(%)

Hinduism

80.50%

Islam

15.87%

Jainism

2.17%

Sikhism

0.86%

Christianity

0.42%

Others

0.18%

text: According to 2011 Census of India, Kota City had a population of 1,001,694, of which male and female are 528,601 and 473,093 respectively.[3][28] The provisional results of census 2011 reported city's population as 1,001,365.[29] The urban agglomeration of Kota consists of city only.[28][30] The sex ratio was 895 and 12.14% were under six years of age. The effective literacy rate was 82.80%, with male literacy at 89.49% and female literacy at 75.33%.[28]

text: Harauti, a dialect of Rajasthani is widely spoken in Kota with Hindi, Marwari and English being the other languages spoken.[31]

text: According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the majority religion in the city practised by about 80.5% of the population. Muslims form large minorities (15.9%) followed by Jains (2.2%), Sikhs (0.9%) and Christians (0.4%).[27]

text: Government institutions and courts[edit]

text: Governmental institutions in Kota include:

text:
Municipal Corporation
Collectorate
Office of the Divisional Commissioner
Rajasthan Housing Board
Command Area Development (CAD)
Urban Improvement Trust (UIT)
Office of the Superintendent of Police, Inspector General of Police and the Income Tax commissioner of Kota range.
Office of the Divisional Railway Manager, Kota Division, West Central Railway
Office of Deputy Commissioner of central excise and service tax

text: Instrumentation Ltd is a Public Sector company based in Kota.[32] Its clientele includes public sector entities such as the Indian Railways, BSNL and VSNL.

text: The District court provides court and notary services.[33]

text: Economy[edit]

text: The city is the trade centre for an area in which cotton, millet, wheat, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairying, and the manufacture of metal handcrafts.[34] Kota also has an extensive industry of stone-polishing of a stone called Kota Stone, used for the floor and walls of residential and business buildings. Since last 15 years Kota has emerged as an Education hub of the country as producing excellent results in IIT-JEE and medical entrance exams.[5][35][36]

text: Kota doria and saris[edit]

text: Kota is known for the fine translucent muslins called Masuria Malmal. Originally, such saris were called Masuria because they were woven in Mysore. The weavers were subsequently brought to Kota by Rao Kishore Singh who was a general in the Mughal army. The weavers were brought to Kota in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and the saris came to be known as 'Kota-Masuria'. Kota saris are popularly known as 'Masuria' in Kota and Kotadoria outside the state. 'Doria' means thread.

text: Weaving in Kota was started by Maharana Bhimdeo in the 18th century.[37] Maharaja Bhim Singh of Kota brought some weavers from the Deccan in the early 18th Century and the craft blossomed under the royal patronage. The warp and weft use a combination of threads creating a fine chequered pattern (Khat) where the cotton portion provides firmness while the silk lends a gossamer finish to the fabric.

text: The Kota saris like most traditional piece of work had started becoming lost before designer Vidhi Singhania moved to Kota and started working with the workers to revive its market.[38] Many textile shops in the city sell different varieties of Kota doria. These saris have become one of the trademarks of the city.[39]

text: Kota stone[edit]

text: The fine-grained variety of limestone quarried from Kota district is known as Kota stone, with rich greenish-blue and brown colours. Kota stone are tough, non water-absorbent, non-slip, and non-porous. The varieties include Kota Blue Natural, Kota Blue Honed, Kota Blue Polished, Kota Blue Cobbles, Kota Brown Natural and Kota Brown Polished.[40]

text: Industries[edit]

text: Kota is one of the industrial hubs in northern India, with chemical, cement, engineering and power plants based there. The total number of industrial units in the district in 2010-11 stood at 12908 with 705 registered units.[41] The district power plants show annual growth of 15-20 % due to their strategic locations.[41]

text: Power plants[edit]

text: Kota is surrounded by five power stations within its 50 km radius.

text:
Kota Super Thermal Power Plant – thermal[42]
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station in Rawatbhatha Chittorgarh district (65 kilometres from Kota) – nuclear[43]
NTPC Anta Gas Power Plant in Antah Baran district (50 kilometFertilm Kota) – gas
Jawahar Sagar Power Plant – hydro[44]
Kalisindh Thermal Power Station (in Jhalrapatan, Jhalawar) – thermal

tag: ol

text: Education[edit]

text: The government and private schools in the city are affiliated with either Central Board of Secondary Education or Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan and follow a 10+2 plan. The medium of instruction is either English or Hindi.

text: The city is specially recognized all over India as a center for preparation of various national level competitive examinations through which the students seek admissions in various engineering and medical colleges of the country. In the past decade the city has emerged as a popular coaching destination for competitive exams preparation and for profit educational services. The education sector of Kota has become one of the major contributors to the city's economy.[45] Kota is popularly referred to as "the coaching capital of India".[5][35][46] Over 1.5 lakh students from all over the country flock every year towards the city for preparation of various exams such as IIT-JEE, NEET-UG and AIIMS etc.[47][48][49][50][51] Many hostels and PGs are located in Kota near the vicinity of coaching centres for students. Students live here for 2–3 years and prepare for the exams. The annual turnover of the Kota coaching industry is about ₹1500 crore.[52]

text: Kota's emergence as a coaching hub began in 1985 when Vinod Kumar Bansal, an engineer working for J. K. Synthetics Ltd, set up Bansal Classes that eventually became Bansal Classes Private Limited.[53] Some of his instructors started their own institutes making Kota a major educational center.

text: Student Suicides[edit]

text: In the past few years, reports of students committing suicide in the city have increased. As per reports, students feel stressed and get pressurized in order to crack their target competitive exam. As per National Crime Records Bureau report of 2014, 45 suicide cases of students were reported in the city. In year 2015, 17 such cases were found.[54] For the same cause, many coaching centers have also appointed counsellors to help students.[55][56][57][58] Various recreational activities such as sports, yoga etc. have been also brought up to relieve stress in past few months.

text: Medical and Engineering Colleges[edit]

text:
Government Medical College, Kota
University Engineering College, Kota
Maharshi Arvind International Institute of Technology , Kota
R N Modi Engineering College, Kota

text: Universities[edit]

text:
Agriculture University, Kota
Career Point University, Kota
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kota
Rajasthan Technical University
Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University
University of Kota

text: Places of interest[edit]

text: Some of the popular visitor attractions in and nearby the city include Chambal Garden, Seven Wonders Park, Kishore Sagar Lake, Jag Mandir, Garh Palace, Chatra Vilas Garden, Godavari Dham Temple, Garadia Mahadev Temple, Kota Zoological Park, Maharao Madho Singh Museum, Kota Government Museum, Brijraj Bhawan Palace, Abheda Mahal, Agamgarh Gurudwara Sahib, Hanging Rock Fountain, Royal Cenotaphs at Keshar Bagh, Kota Barrage, Adarshila Dargah, Darrah National Park and Jawahar Sagar Dam.[59][60][61][62][63]

text:
Garh Palace, Kota

Jagmandir Palace

Chambal Garden

Umed Bhawan Palace

Godavari Dham Temple

Garadia Mahadev Temple, Kota

text: There are several shopping malls and complexes in Kota. City Mall and Cinemall on Jhalawar road, Centre Square Mall and Akash Mall in Gumanpura and Ahluwalia's The Great Mall of Kota near DCM road are the notable retail malls in the city.[64][65][better source needed]

text: Transport[edit]

text: Kota is well connected with road and rail to all major cities within Rajasthan as well as those located outside the state.[66]

text: Roadways[edit]

text: The city is well connected with neighboring cities and districts and with major cities outside the state. National highway No.12 (Jaipur—Jabalpur) and National Highway No.76 pass through the city.[67] National Highway No.76 is a part of East-West Corridor. The total road length in Kota district is 2,052 km. as of March 2011.

text: Railways[edit]

text:
Kota is well connected to all the major cities of India with rail.
Kota Junction is one of the divisions in West Central Railway.[68] It is an important station on the New Delhi–Mumbai main line. There are four railway stations within Kota and in its vicinity. Another suburban station of South Kota city is Dakaniya Talav Railway station which has a stoppage of Avadh Express, Dehradun Express and Ranthambore Express.[69]

text:
The city is a halt for over 150 trains,[70] including Mumbai Rajdhani Express, August Kranti Rajdhani Express, Mumbai New Delhi Duronto Express,
Indore–Jaipur Express, Udaipur SuperFast (Delhi - Udaipur City Express), Dayodaya Express (Jaipur - Jabalpur Express / Ajmer - Jabalpur Express), Jodhpur - Indore Intercity, Hazrat Nizamuddin - Indore Express, Garbha Express, Marusagar Express (Ajmer - Ernakulam Express / Ernakulam Express), Jaipur - Mysore Express, Jaipur - Chennai Express, Jaipur - Coimbatore Express, Jodhpur - Puri Express, Jodhpur - Bhopal Express.

text:
The Delhi—Mumbai railway line passes through the Kota junction.
The district has 148.83 km of railway line in the Kota — Ruthia section, 98.72 km on Nagda—Mathura (Mumbai-Delhi) section and 24.26 km on Kota —Chittorgarh section.

text: A broad-gauge railway facility between Kota and Jodhpur via Jaipur exists.

text:
Kota is also an originating point for many trains like Kota - Damoh Passenger (Kota - Katni Passenger) connecting Kota to Damoh in Madhya Pradesh.
The Kota - Indore Intercity Express connects to another major city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore Junction.
There is also a Jan Shatabdi Express train, from Kota to national capital Delhi.
The other trains include, Kota - Vadodara Passenger, Kota - Sriganganagar Express, Kota - Ajmer, Kota - Jabalpur & Kota - Bina Passenger. Patna – Kota Express connects Kota and Patna cities via Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi.

text: Airways[edit]

text: Kota Airport has had no scheduled services operating since 1999.[71] The nearest international airport is Jaipur International Airport situated 250 km away from Kota.

text: Sports[edit]

text: The city is home to Jay Kaylon Cricket Stadium located in Nayapura area. Among several matches, six Ranji Trophy matches have been played in the stadium.[72][73] The stadium also hosted RCL T20 2016, an inter state cricket league with six participating teams.[74]

text: Media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: There are five major regional TV Channels in Kota.[75]

text:
DD Rajasthan
STN Rajasthan
ETV Rajasthan
India News Rajasthan
Jan TV

text: A wide range of other Hindi, English and other language channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct-broadcast satellite services. Dish TV, Tata Sky, Radiant Digitek, Airtel Digital TV are the prominent DTH entertainment services in Kota.

text: Newspapers[edit]

text: Major daily newspapers in Kota[76][77][78] include:

text:
Rajasthan Patrika (Hindi)
Dainik Bhaskar (Hindi)
Dainik Navajyoti (Hindi)[79]
The Times of India (English)
Hindustan Times (English)
Dainik bhaskar (Hindi)

text: Radio[edit]

text: There are five radio stations in Kota, with four broadcasting on the FM band, and one All India Radio station broadcasting on the AM band.

text:
Big FM (92.7 MHz)[80]
My FM (94.3 MHz)[81]
FM Tadka (95.0 MHz)[82]
All India Radio (102.0 MHz)[83]
Radio City (91.1 MHz)[84]

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
Bhim Singh II
Shreya Ghoshal
Lalit Kishore Chaturvedi
Krishana Kumar Goyal
Sandeep Gupta
Shail Hada
Taj Haider
Hari Kumar Audichya
Ijyaraj Singh
Raghuveer Singh Koshal
Rulers of Kota, Rajasthan
Shiv Kumari of Kotah
Bhuvaneshwari Kumari
Nikita Lalwani
Pramod Maheshwari
Umed Singh II
Vinod Kumar Bansal
Rajesh maheshwari
Naveen Maheshwari
Jayant Vijay JK


document_title: Life Is Strange: Before the Storm

question_text: when will episode 2 of life is strange before the storm be released

text: Life Is Strange: Before the Storm

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Life Is Strange: Before the Storm is a graphic adventure played from a third-person view. The player assumes control of sixteen-year-old Chloe Price, three years prior to Life Is Strange. Unlike its predecessor, the game does not include time travel. Instead, Before the Storm features the ability "Backtalk", with which the player can call upon Chloe to get out of certain precarious situations; "Backtalk" may also make a situation worse. A dialogue tree is used when a conversation or commentary is prompted. Occasional decisions will temporarily or permanently change outcomes. The environment can be interacted with and altered, including marking walls with graffiti.[2][3]

text: Plot[edit]

text: In her hometown of Arcadia Bay, sixteen-year-old Chloe Price sneaks into a house concert at an old mill. Conflict arises with two men inside, whom she evades when schoolmate Rachel Amber causes a distraction. The next day, Chloe and Rachel reunite at Blackwell Academy and decide to ditch class, stowing away on a cargo train and ending up at a lookout point. They people-watch through a viewfinder and see a man and woman kiss in the park, which apparently upsets Rachel. They steal wine from local campers and take a walk to a scrapyard. Chloe confronts Rachel about her change in mood, but is refused an answer. After Rachel leaves, Chloe discovers the wrecked car in which her father was killed. She meets up with Rachel again, who discloses that she witnessed her father cheating on her mother through the viewfinder. Rachel destroys a family photo in a burning trash bin, and in a fit of rage kicks it over, igniting a wildfire.[4]

text: The next day, Chloe and Rachel are reprimanded by Principal Wells for ditching school; Chloe is either suspended or expelled depending on player actions. Unwilling to return home and face her mother and step-father, Chloe hides out at the scrapyard where she finds an old truck that she decides to repair. She then receives a call from local drug dealer Frank Bowers, who arranges a meeting to discuss setting her debt with him. Chloe agrees to repay him by helping him steal money from her classmate Drew, who owes Frank a large sum. However, Chloe finds out that Drew is being violently extorted by another drug dealer, and she must decide whether to pay off the dealer with the stolen money to protect Drew or keep it. When later a student is unable to participate in school's theater production of "The Tempest" due to road closures from the wildfire, Chloe reluctantly takes on the role opposite Rachel. After the play, they decide to leave Arcadia Bay with the newly repaired truck return to Rachel's house to pack. There, following a confrontation, Rachel's father reveals that the woman they saw him kissing was not a mistress, but in fact Rachel's biological mother.[5]

text: Development[edit]

text: Publisher Square Enix chose Deck Nine to develop the prequel to Life Is Strange after the developer's proprietary StoryForge tools had made an impression.[6] Development started in 2016 with the Unity game engine. Rhianna DeVries, who initially did the game's motion capture for Chloe Price, voices the character, while the original voice actress Ashly Burch serves as writing consultant.[2][7][8] Burch did not reprise her role due to the SAG-AFTRA strike.[9] The music was written and performed by the British indie folk band Daughter, and released as an official soundtrack by Glassnote Records on 1 September 2017.[10] Instrumentation was employed to represent different sides of the lead character: piano for isolation, electric guitar for rebelliousness, and layered vocals for friendship.[11] Daughter took the script and concept artwork as inspiration.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: Prior to its official announcement, images had leaked online indicating that a prequel to Life Is Strange was in development.[13] Square Enix revealed Life Is Strange: Before the Storm on 11 June during E3 2017, stating that it would be released over three chapters starting on 31 August for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[2] The Deluxe Edition includes the bonus chapter "Farewell"—featuring Max Caulfield of the original game as a playable character—three additional outfits, and Mixtape Mode, allowing players to customise playlists with the game's soundtrack.[3]

text:
Episode
Release date

"Episode 1: Awake"[14]
31 August 2017

"Episode 2: Brave New World"[15]
19 October 2017[16]

"Episode 3: Hell Is Empty"[15]
TBA

"Bonus Episode 4: Farewell"[17]
TBA

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Aggregate review scores

Game
Metacritic

Episode 1: Awake
(PC) 77/100[18]
(PS4) 78/100[19]
(XONE) 80/100[20]

Episode 2: Brave New World
(PC) 78/100[21]
(PS4) 80/100[22]
(XONE) 77/100[23]

text: Critics appraised Episode 1: Awake the most on its character development of Chloe Price and Rachel Amber.[24][25][26][27] Jeremy Peeples of Hardcore Gamer found Chloe's behaviour "endearing" and noted that her personality was portrayed with multiple layers. Sam Loveridge at GamesRadar wrote that Rachel was the more authentic character on account of her more "grounded" dialogue. Despite disparaging Chloe for being "her same tiresomely combative self" early on, Metro saw her fleshed out by enduring the loss of her father. Game Informer's Kimberley Wallace thought the younger version of Chloe brought a "naivety and vulnerability" worthy of sympathy. Conversely, the relationship between the leads was said to have formed "at unnatural speed". Peeples and Loveridge favoured the "Backtalk" gameplay feature, while Metro and Wallace cared little for it. Otherwise lauded were the story, graphics, voice acting, and soundtrack.[28][29][30][31]

text: Reviewers found Episode 2: Brave New World to either be better than the first instalment or one of the series' greatest.[32][33] Metro praised how choices made a difference with a "profound effect" on character arc, while Ozzie Mejia of Shacknews relished in Chloe's "genuine growth" contrasting her "fiery spirit". Similarly, Game Informer's Joe Juba appreciated the continued comprehension of the character, declaring this "its biggest strength". However, Juba's biggest complaint echoed that of Wallace, in reference to the "forced" manner with which Chloe and Rachel are made friends. Brett Makedonski, writing for Destructoid, thought that the character exposition was done "to great effect". Most noted was The Tempest school play sequence, which Metro stated as their favourite; Mejia called "one of the funniest" in Before the Storm; and Juba observed as the culmination of all past choices. Metro criticised the script for being "uneven" and disapproved of the voice acting. Mejia felt the ending could have been done away with, saying it was "a bit drawn out", though he was impressed with the progression of the Backtalk feature.[32][33][34][35]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Following E3 2017, Life Is Strange: Before the Storm received one of GamesRadar's Best of E3 awards[36] and was nominated for Hardcore Gamer's Adventure Game award.[37]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Additional work by Square Enix London Studios[1]


document_title: List of solar eclipses visible from the United States

question_text: where was the last total solar eclipse in usa

text:
June 28, 1908

Annular
June 8, 1918

Total
November 22, 1919

Annular
September 10, 1923

Total

January 24, 1925

Total
June 29, 1927

Total
April 28, 1930

Hybrid
August 31, 1932

Total

April 19, 1939

Annular
April 7, 1940

Annular
February 4, 1943

Total
July 9, 1945

Total

May 9, 1948

Annular

text:
September 1, 1951

Annular
June 30, 1954

Total
October 2, 1959

Total
July 20, 1963

Total

March 7, 1970

Total
July 10, 1972

Total
February 26, 1979

Total
May 30, 1984

Annular

July 22, 1990

Total
July 11, 1991

Total
January 4, 1992

Annular
May 10, 1994

Annular

text:
May 20, 2012[1]

Annular
August 21, 2017[2]

Total
October 14, 2023[3]

Annular
April 8, 2024[4]

Total

March 30, 2033[5]

Total
June 21, 2039[6]

Annular
August 23, 2044[7]

Total
August 12, 2045[8]

Total

February 5, 2046[9]

Annular
June 11, 2048[10]

Annular

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Solar eclipses

Lists of eclipses

By century

Antiquity
20th BC
19th BC
18th BC
17th BC
16th BC
15th BC
14th BC
13th BC
12th BC
11th BC
10th BC
9th BC
8th BC
7th BC
6th BC
5th BC
4th BC
3rd BC
2nd BC
1st BC
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th

Saros series

110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162

Visibility

Australia
China
Philippines
Russia
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States

Historical

Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC)
Assyrian eclipse (763 BC)
Eclipse of Thales (585 BC)

Total/hybrid eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next total/hybrid eclipse

1560 Aug 21
1598 Mar 7
1652 Apr 8
1654 Aug 12
1673 Aug 12
1699 Sep 23
1715 May 3
1724 May 22
1766 Feb 9
1778 Jun 24
1780 Oct 27
1806 Jun 16
1816 Nov 19
1824 Jun 26
1842 Jul 8
1851 Jul 28
1853 Nov 30
1857 Mar 25
1858 Sep 7
1860 Jul 18
1865 Apr 25
1867 Aug 29
1868 Aug 18
1869 Aug 7
1870 Dec 22
1871 Dec 12
1874 Apr 16
1875 Apr 6
1878 Jul 29
1882 May 17
1883 May 6
1885 Sep 8
1886 Aug 29
1887 Aug 19
1889 Jan 1
1889 Dec 22
1893 Apr 16
1896 Aug 9
1898 Jan 22
1900 May 28
1901 May 18
1903 Sep 21
1904 Sep 9
1905 Aug 30
1907 Jan 14
1908 Jan 3
1908 Dec 23
1909 Jun 17
1910 May 9
1911 Apr 28
1912 Apr 17
1912 Oct 10
1914 Aug 21
1916 Feb 3
1918 Jun 8
1919 May 29
1921 Oct 1
1922 Sep 21
1923 Sep 10
1925 Jan 24
1926 Jan 14
1927 Jun 29
1928 May 19
1929 May 9
1930 Apr 28
1930 Oct 21
1932 Aug 31
1934 Feb 14
1936 Jun 19
1937 Jun 8
1938 May 29
1939 Oct 12
1940 Oct 1
1941 Sep 21
1943 Feb 4
1944 Jan 25
1944 Jul 20
1945 Jul 9
1947 May 20
1948 Nov 1
1950 Sep 12
1952 Feb 25
1954 Jun 30
1955 Jun 20
1956 Jun 8
1957 Oct 23
1958 Oct 12
1959 Oct 2
1961 Feb 15
1962 Feb 5
1963 Jul 20
1965 May 30
1966 Nov 12
1967 Nov 2
1968 Sep 22
1970 Mar 7
1972 Jul 10
1973 Jun 30
1974 Jun 20
1976 Oct 23
1977 Oct 12
1979 Feb 26
1980 Feb 16
1981 Jul 31
1983 Jun 11
1984 Nov 22
1985 Nov 12
1986 Oct 3
1987 Mar 29
1988 Mar 18
1990 Jul 22
1991 Jul 11
1992 Jun 30
1994 Nov 3
1995 Oct 24
1997 Mar 9
1998 Feb 26
1999 Aug 11
2001 Jun 21
2002 Dec 4
2003 Nov 23
2005 Apr 8
2006 Mar 29
2008 Aug 1
2009 Jul 22
2010 Jul 11
2012 Nov 13
2013 Nov 3
2015 Mar 20
2016 Mar 9
2017 Aug 21
→ 2019 Jul 2
2020 Dec 14
2021 Dec 4
2023 Apr 20
2024 Apr 8
2026 Aug 12
2027 Aug 2
2028 Jul 22
2030 Nov 25
2031 Nov 14
2033 Mar 30
2034 Mar 20
2035 Sep 2
2037 Jul 13
2038 Dec 26
2039 Dec 15
2041 Apr 30
2042 Apr 20
2043 Apr 9
2044 Aug 23
2045 Aug 12
2046 Aug 2
2048 Dec 5
2049 Nov 25
2050 May 20
2052 Mar 30
2053 Sep 12
2055 Jul 24
2057 Jan 5
2057 Dec 26
2059 May 11
2060 Apr 30
2061 Apr 20
2063 Aug 24
2064 Aug 12
2066 Dec 17
2067 Dec 6
2068 May 31
2070 Apr 11
2071 Sep 23
2072 Sep 12
2073 Aug 3
2075 Jan 16
2076 Jan 6
2077 May 22
2078 May 11
2079 May 1
2081 Sep 3
2082 Aug 24
2084 Dec 27
2086 Jun 11
2088 Apr 21
2089 Oct 4
2090 Sep 23
2091 Aug 15
2093 Jan 27
2094 Jan 16
2095 Jun 2
2096 May 22
2097 May 11
2099 Sep 14
2100 Sep 4
2114 Jun 3
2132 Jun 13
2150 Jun 25
2168 Jul 5
2186 Jul 16

Annular eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next annular eclipse

1820 Sep 7
1854 May 26
1879 Jan 22
1889 Jun 28
1901 Nov 11
1903 Mar 29
1904 Mar 17
1905 Mar 6
1907 Jul 10
1908 Jun 28
1911 Oct 22
1914 Feb 25
1915 Feb 14
1915 Aug 10
1916 Jul 30
1917 Dec 14
1918 Dec 3
1919 Nov 22
1921 Apr 8
1922 Mar 28
1923 Mar 17
1925 Jul 20
1926 Jul 9
1927 Jan 3
1929 Nov 1
1932 Mar 7
1933 Feb 24
1933 Aug 21
1934 Aug 10
1935 Dec 25
1936 Dec 13
1937 Dec 2
1939 Apr 19
1940 Apr 7
1941 Mar 27
1943 Aug 1
1945 Jan 14
1947 Nov 12
1948 May 9
1950 Mar 18
1951 Mar 7
1951 Sep 1
1952 Aug 20
1954 Jan 5
1954 Dec 25
1955 Dec 14
1957 Apr 30
1958 Apr 19
1959 Apr 8
1961 Aug 11
1962 Jul 31
1963 Jan 25
1965 Nov 23
1966 May 20
1969 Mar 18
1969 Sep 11
1970 Aug 31
1972 Jan 16
1973 Jan 4
1973 Dec 24
1976 Apr 29
1977 Apr 18
1979 Aug 22
1980 Aug 10
1981 Feb 4
1983 Dec 4
1984 May 30
1987 Sep 23
1988 Sep 11
1990 Jan 26
1991 Jan 15
1992 Jan 4
1994 May 10
1995 Apr 29
1998 Aug 22
1999 Feb 16
2001 Dec 14
2002 Jun 10
2003 May 31
2005 Oct 3
2006 Sep 22
2008 Feb 7
2009 Jan 26
2010 Jan 15
2012 May 20
2013 May 10
2014 Apr 29
2016 Sep 1
2017 Feb 26
→ 2019 Dec 26
2020 Jun 21
2021 Jun 10
2023 Oct 14
2024 Oct 2
2026 Feb 17
2027 Feb 6
2028 Jan 26
2030 Jun 1
2031 May 21
2032 May 9
2034 Sep 12
2035 Mar 9
2038 Jan 5
2038 Jul 2
2039 Jun 21
2041 Oct 25
2042 Oct 14
2043 Oct 3
2044 Feb 28
2045 Feb 16
2046 Feb 5
2048 Jun 11
2049 May 31
2052 Sep 22
2053 Mar 20
2056 Jan 16
2056 Jul 12
2057 Jul 1
2059 Nov 5
2060 Oct 24
2061 Oct 13
2063 Feb 28
2064 Feb 17
2066 Jun 22
2067 Jun 11
2070 Oct 4
2071 Mar 31
2074 Jan 27
2074 Jul 24
2075 Jul 13
2077 Nov 15
2078 Nov 4
2079 Oct 24
2081 Mar 10
2082 Feb 27
2084 Jul 3
2085 Jun 22
2085 Dec 16
2088 Oct 14
2089 Apr 10
2092 Feb 7
2092 Aug 3
2093 Jul 23
2095 Nov 27
2096 Nov 15
2097 Nov 4
2099 Mar 21
2100 Mar 10

Partial eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next partial eclipse

1902 Apr 8
1902 May 7
1902 Oct 31
1906 Feb 23
1906 Jul 21
1906 Aug 20
1909 Dec 12
1910 Nov 2
1913 Apr 6
1913 Aug 31
1913 Sep 30
1916 Dec 24
1917 Jan 23
1917 Jun 19
1917 Jul 19
1920 May 18
1920 Nov 10
1924 Mar 5
1924 Jul 31
1924 Aug 30
1927 Dec 24
1928 Jun 17
1928 Nov 12
1931 Apr 18
1931 Sep 12
1931 Oct 11
1935 Jan 5
1935 Feb 3
1935 Jun 30
1935 Jul 30
1938 Nov 21
1942 Mar 16
1942 Aug 12
1942 Sep 10
1946 Jan 3
1946 May 30
1946 Jun 29
1946 Nov 23
1949 Apr 28
1949 Oct 21
1953 Feb 14
1953 Jul 11
1953 Aug 9
1956 Dec 2
1960 Mar 27
1960 Sep 20
1964 Jan 14
1964 Jun 10
1964 Jul 9
1964 Dec 4
1967 May 9
1968 Mar 28
1971 Feb 25
1971 Jul 22
1971 Aug 20
1974 Dec 13
1975 May 11
1975 Nov 3
1978 Apr 7
1978 Oct 2
1982 Jan 25
1982 Jun 21
1982 Jul 20
1982 Dec 15
1985 May 19
1986 Apr 9
1989 Mar 7
1989 Aug 31
1992 Dec 24
1993 May 21
1993 Nov 13
1996 Apr 17
1996 Oct 12
1997 Sep 2
2000 Feb 5
2000 Jul 1
2000 Jul 31
2000 Dec 25
2004 Apr 19
2004 Oct 14
2007 Mar 19
2011 Jan 4
2011 Jun 1
2011 Jul 1
2011 Nov 25
2014 Oct 23
2015 Sep 13
→ 2018 Feb 15
2018 Jul 13
2018 Aug 11
2019 Jan 6
2022 Apr 30
2022 Oct 25
2025 Mar 29
2025 Sep 21
2029 Jan 14
2029 Jun 12
2029 Jul 11
2032 Nov 3
2033 Sep 23
2036 Feb 27
2036 Jul 23
2036 Aug 21
2037 Jan 16
2040 May 11
2040 Nov 4
2047 Jan 26
2047 Jun 23
2047 Jul 22
2047 Dec 16
2050 Nov 14
2051 Apr 11
2051 Oct 4
2054 Mar 9
2054 Aug 3
2054 Sep 2
2055 Jan 27
2058 May 22
2058 Jun 21
2058 Nov 16
2062 Mar 11
2062 Sep 3
2065 Feb 5
2065 Jul 3
2065 Aug 2
2065 Dec 27
2068 Nov 24
2069 Apr 21
2069 May 20
2069 Oct 15
2072 Mar 19
2073 Feb 7
2076 Jun 1
2076 Jul 1
2076 Nov 26
2083 Feb 16
2083 Jul 15
2083 Aug 13
2084 Jan 7
2086 Dec 6
2087 May 2
2087 Jun 1
2087 Oct 26
2090 Mar 31
2091 Feb 18
2094 Jun 13
2094 Jul 12
2094 Dec 7
2098 Apr 1
2098 Sep 25
2098 Oct 24

Other bodies

Mars
Moon
Jupiter
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus

Related topics

Eclipse chasing

Solar viewer

Solar eclipses in fiction

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