document_title: List of FC Bayern Munich records and statistics

question_text: who scored the most goals for bayern munich

text: Coaches[edit]

text: Until 1963[edit]

text: Information on the club's coaches before the Bundesliga era is hard to come by. The information as given in the following table is from the club's website.

text:
Coach
Period
Titles

from
until

 Dr. Willem Hesselink
1902
1905

 Thomas Taylor
1906
1909

 Dr. George Hoer
1909
1911

 Charles Griffiths
1911
1912

 William James Townley
1913
1921

 Izidor Kürschner
1921
1922

 James Mac Pherson jr.
1925
1926

 Leo Weisz
1926
1928

 Kálmán Konrád
1928
1930

 Richard Dombi
1930
1933
1 Championship

 Hans Tauchert
1933
1934

 Ludwig Hofmann
1934
1935

 Dr. Richard Michalke
1936
1937

 Heinz Körner
1937
1938

 Ludwig Goldbrunner
1938
1943

 Konrad Heidkamp
1943
1945

 Alfred Schaffer
1945

 Richard Högg
1946

 Josef Pöttinger
1946
1947

 Franz Dietl
1947
1948

 Alv Riemke
1948
1950

 David Davison
1950

 Konrad Heidkamp
 Herbert Moll
1951

 Dr. Max Schäfer
1951
1953

 Georg Bayerer
1953
1954

 Georg Knöpfle
1954

 Jakob Streitle
1955

 Willibald Hahn
1956
1957
1 Cup

 Herbert Moll
1957
1958

 Adolf Patek
1958
1961

 Helmut Schneider
1961
1963

 Herbert Erhardt
1963

text: Since 1963[edit]

text: In contrast to the pre-Bundesliga era a list of coaches since the inception of the national league (Bundesliga) in 1963 is readily available on the club's website.[1] Felix Magath (in 2005), Ottmar Hitzfeld (in 2008), Louis van Gaal (in 2010), and Jupp Heynckes (in 2013) were awarded the title of German Football Manager of the Year for their work at Bayern. In 2001 Hitzfeld was awarded UEFA Coach of the Year and the IFFHS World's Best Club Coach titles. Also in 2013 Heynckes was awarded FIFA World Coach of the Year and the IFFHS World's Best Club Coach titles.

text:
No.
Coach
Period
League Record
Major
Titles
Titles

from
until
days
P
W
D
L
GF
GA

1
 Zlatko Čajkovski
1 July 1963
30 June 1968
1826
102
52
18
32
211
170
3
2 Cup, 1 European Cup Winners Cup

2
 Branko Zebec
1 July 1968
13 March 1970
621
58
32
14
12
117
56
2
1 Championship, 1 Cup

3
 Udo Lattek
14 March 1970
2 January 1975
1756
163
102
33
28
424
202
5
3 Championships, 1 Cup, 1 European Champions Cup

4
 Dettmar Cramer
16 January 1975
30 November 1977
1051
101
40
27
34
205
180
3
2 European Champions Cup, 1 Intercontinental Cup

5
 Gyula Lorant
2 December 1977
28 February 1979
454
38
16
10
12
72
57
0

6
 Pal Csernai
1 March 1979
16 May 1983
1538
147
87
31
29
346
173
4
2 Championships, 1 Cup, 1 Super Cup

7
 Reinhard Saftig
17 May 1983
30 June 1983
45
3
1
1
1
7
7
0

8
 Udo Lattek
1 July 1983
30 June 1987
1461
136
82
35
19
313
141
5
3 Championships, 2 Cups

9
 Jupp Heynckes
1 July 1987
8 October 1991
1561
148
82
40
26
303
157
4
2 Championships, 2 Super Cups

10
 Søren Lerby
9 October 1991
10 March 1992
155
15
4
5
6
23
23
0

11
 Erich Ribbeck
11 March 1992
27 December 1993
656
65
31
20
14
137
89
0

12
 Franz Beckenbauer
28 December 1993
30 June 1994
175
14
9
2
3
26
14
1
1 Championship

13
 Giovanni Trapattoni
1 July 1994
30 June 1995
365
34
15
13
6
43
25
0

14
 Otto Rehhagel
1 July 1995
27 April 1996
302
30
18
4
8
58
37
0

15
 Franz Beckenbauer
29 April 1996
30 June 1996
63
3
1
0
2
6
7
1
1 UEFA Cup

16
 Giovanni Trapattoni
1 July 1996
30 June 1998
730
68
29
20
9
137
81
3
1 Championship, 1 Cup, 1 League Cup

17
 Ottmar Hitzfeld
1 July 1998
30 June 2004
2192
204
128
41
35
425
181
11
4 Championships, 2 Cups, 3 League Cups, 1 Champions League, 1 Intercontinental Cup

18
 Felix Magath
1 July 2004
31 January 2007
945
87
56
18
13
174
87
5
2 Championships, 2 Cups, 1 League Cup

19
 Ottmar Hitzfeld
1 February 2007
30 June 2008
516
49
30
12
7
91
39
3
1 Championship, 1 Cup, 1 League Cup

20
 Jürgen Klinsmann
1 July 2008
27 April 2009
300
29
16
6
7
59
37
0

21
 Jupp Heynckes
28 April 2009
30 June 2009
35
5
4
1
0
12
5
0

22
 Louis van Gaal
1 July 2009
9 April 2011
648
63
35
17
11
133
66
3
1 Championship, 1 Cup, 1 Super Cup

23
 Andries Jonker
10 April 2011
30 June 2011
61
5
4
1
0
20
5
0

24
 Jupp Heynckes
1 July 2011
30 June 2013
725
68
52
8
8
175
40
4
1 Super Cup, 1 Championship, 1 Champions League, 1 Cup

25
 Pep Guardiola
1 July 2013
30 June 2016
1645
102
82
11
9
254
58
7
3 Championship, 2 Cup, 1 UEFA Super Cup, 1 FIFA Club World Cup

26
 Carlo Ancelotti
1 July 2016
28 September 2017
544
38
29
8
3
103
27
3
1 Championship, 2 Super Cup

27
 Willy Sagnol
29 September 2017
8 October 2017
10
1
0
1
0
2
2
0

28
 Jupp Heynckes
9 October 2017

n/a
2
2
0
0
8
0
0

text: Presidents[edit]

text: At the club's founding Franz John was appointed as the first president. The current president, Uli Hoeneß, is Bayern's 37th president with several presidents having multiple spells in office (counted separately.)[2]

text:
Era
President

1900–1903
Franz John

1903–1906
Dr. Willem Hesselink

1906–1907
Dr. Angelo Knorr

1907–1908
Dr. Kurt Müller

1908–1909
Dr. Angelo Knorr

1909–1910
Otto Wagner

1910–1913
Dr. Angelo Knorr

1913–1914
Kurt Landauer

1914–1915
Fred Dunn

1915
Hans Tusch

1915
Fritz Meier

1916
Hans Bermühler

1916–1919
Fritz Meier

1919–1921
Kurt Landauer

1921–1922
Fred Dunn

1922–1933
Kurt Landauer

1933–1934
Siegfried Hermann

1934–1935
Dr. Karl-Heinz Oettinger

1935–1937
Dr. Richard Amesmeier

1937–1938
Franz Nußhardt

1938–1943
Dr. Franz Kellner

1943–1945
Josef Sauter

1945
Franz Xaver Heilmannseder

1945
Josef Bayer

1945–1947
Siegfried Hermann

1947–1951
Kurt Landauer

1951–1953
Julius Scheuring

1953–1955
Adolf Fischer
Karli Wild
Hugo Theisinger

1955–1958
Alfred Reitlinger

1958–1962
Roland Endler

1962–1979
Wilhelm Neudecker

1979–1985
Willi O. Hoffmann

1985–1994
Prof. Dr. Fritz Scherer

1994–2009
Franz Beckenbauer

2009–2014
Uli Hoeneß

2014–2016
Karl Hopfner

2016–
Uli Hoeneß

text: Honours[edit]

text: Bayern has won 68 major trophies. National titles (57) International titles (11)

text: National titles (57)[edit]

text:
Bundesliga (German Football Championship)

Champions (27): 1931–32, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17 (record)
Runners-up (10): 1969–70, 1970–71, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2003–04, 2008–09, 2011–12 (record)

DFB-Pokal (German Cup)

Champions (18): 1956–57, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16 (record)
Runners-up (3): 1984–85, 1998–99, 2011–12
Semifinals (6): 1967–68, 1973–74, 1975–76, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2014–15
Quarterfinals (8): 1969–70, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1987–88, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2008–09
Round 3 (10): 1974–75, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 2003–04, 2006–07
Round 2 (5): 1978–79, 1982–83, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96
Round 1 (3): 1942–43, 1990–91, 2000–01
Did Not Enter (14): 1940–41, 1941–42, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65

DFB/DFL-Supercup (German Supercup) (1987–present; inactive 1997–2009)

Champions (6): 1987, 1990, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017 (record)
Runners-up (5): 1989, 1994, 2013, 2014, 2015 (record)

DFB-Ligapokal (German League Cup) (1997 to 2007)

Champions (6): 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007 (record)
Runners-up (1): 2006
Semi-finals (3): 2001, 2003, 2005
Preliminary round (2): 1972–73, 2002

text:
Fuji-Cup (1986 to 1996; The competition competed with the DFB-Supercup; although ultimately the two competitions were replaced by the DFB-Ligapokal in 1997. Nowadays there is a similar competition named Telekom Cup)

Champions (5): 1986, 1987, 1988, 1994, 1995
Runners-up (2): 1993, 1996
Third-place (3): 1989, 1990, 1991*

Telekom Cup (formerly known as T-Home Cup and LIGA total! Cup; since 2009)

Champions (4): 2013, 2014, 2017, 2017
Runners-up (1): 2010
Third-place (3): 2009, 2011, 2012
Fourth-place (1): 2015

text: International titles (11)[edit]

text: Bayern is one of only five clubs to have won all three major European competitions. Bayern are also the last club to have won the European Cup three times in a row, entitling them to wear a multiple-winner badge during Champions League matches.

text:
UEFA Champions League / European Cup

Champions (5): 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 2000–01, 2012–13 (German record)
Runners-up (5): 1981–82, 1986–87, 1998–99, 2009–10, 2011–12
Semi-finals (8): 1980–81, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1999–2000, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015-16
Quarter-finals (10): 1972–73, 1976–77, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2016–17
Round of 16 (3): 2003–04, 2005–06, 2010–11

UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup

Champions: 1995–96
Semi-finals (3): 1979–80, 1988–89, 2007–08

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

Champions: 1966–67 (Shared German record)
Semi-finals (4): 1966–67, 1967–68, 1971–72, 1984–85
Quarter-finals (1): 1982–83

UEFA Super Cup

Winner: 2013 (German record)
Finalist: 1974 (did not play) (that year the European Super Cup was not played because could not find a mutually convenient date for the match.)
Runners-up (3): 1975, 1976, 2001 (German record)

Intercontinental Cup

Champions (2): 1976, 2001 (German record)

FIFA Club World Cup

Champions: 2013 (German record)

text: Regional competitions (22)[edit]

text:
Regionale Meisterschaft Bayern (Oberbayern) (I), Münchner Stadtmeisterschaft

Champions (6): 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908

Kreisliga Bayern - Level 1 (1909-1923)

champions (4): 1910, 1911, 1920, 1923;
runners-up (4): 1912, 1913, 1917, 1918 (record)

Bezirksliga Bayern - Level 1 (1923-1933)

champions (7): 1925–26, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33 (record)

Gauliga Bayern - Level 1 (1933-1945)

champions (1): 1943–44

Southern German football championship - Level 1

Champions (2): 1925–26, 1927–28
Runners-up: 1909–10, 1910–11, 1928–29, 1931–32

Southern German Cup

Champions: 1957
Runners-up: 1923

Regionalliga Süd (1963–74) (II)

Champions: 1964–65
Runners-up: 1963–64

text: International friendly competitions (32)[edit]

text:
Audi Cup

Champions (3): 2009, 2013, 2015 (record)
Runners-up (1): 2011

Franz-Beckenbauer-Cup

Runners-up (3): 2007, 2008, 2010,

Opel Master Cup

Champions (2): 1996, 2000 (shared record)
Runners-up: 1997

Uli Hoeneß Cup

Champions: 2013

Saitama City Cup

Champions: 2008
Runners-up: 2006

Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu

Champions (3): 1979, 1980, 2002
Runners-up: 1985

Teresa Herrera Trophy

Champions: 1989

Orange Trophy

Champions: 1972

Yingli Cup

Champions: 2012

Audi Football Summit

Champions (4): 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015

Wiener Stadthallenturnier

Champions: 1971

Trofeo Ciudad de Las Palmas

Champions: 1972

Trofeo 75 Aniversario del Athletic de Bilbao

Champions: 1973

Trofeo Internacional Ciudad de Terrassa

Champions: 1973

Toulouse Tournament

Champions: 1979

Mohamed V Trophy

Champions: 1972

text: Honours and awards[edit]

text:
German Sportsteam of the Year

Winner (3): 1967, 2001, 2013

IFFHS World Club Team of the Year

Winner: 2013

IFFHS World Club Team of the Month

Winner (9): Feb. 2000, in October 2001, August 2002, February & Apr. 2008 Apr. 2010 Sept. 2011 September 2012, February 2013

FIFA Fair Play Trophy

Winner: 2013

UEFA Respect Fair Play ranking

Winner (2): 2007, 2013

World Soccer Team of the Year

Winner: 2013

Globe Soccer Awards Best Club of the Year

Winner: 2013

Laureus World Sports Award Team of the Year

Winner: 2014

Silver Bay Leaf

Winner: 1967

text: FC Bayern Munich II (10)[edit]

text:
Regionalliga Süd (III)

Champions: 2004

2nd Amateurliga Oberbayern A (IV)

Champions: 1956

Landesliga Bayern-Süd (IV)

Champions: (2) 1967, 1973

Regionalliga Bayern (IV)

Champions: 2014
Runners-up: 2013, 2015

Bavarian Cup

Winners: 2002

Oberbayern Cup

Winners: (3) 1995, 2001, 2002

IFA Shield

Winners: 2005

German amateur football championship

Runners-up: (2) 1983, 1987

Amateurliga Südbayern (III)

Runners-up: (2) 1958, 1961

Amateur Oberliga Bayern (III)

Runners-up: (3) 1983, 1984, 1987

text: FC Bayern Munich junior team[edit]

text:
Under 19 Bundesliga

Winners: 2001, 2002, 2004
Runners-up: 1998, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2017

Under 17 Bundesliga

Winners: 1989, 1997, 2001, 2007, 2017
Runners-up: 2000, 2009

South/Southwest German Under 19 championship

Winners: 2004, 2007, 2012, 2013

South/Southwest German Under 17 championship

Winners: 2009

Southern German Under 19 championship

Winners: 1950, 1954

Southern German Under 15 championship

Winners: 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991

Bavarian Under 19 championship

Winners: 1950, 1954, 1966, 1972, 1973, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996
Runners-up: 1946, 1960, 1964, 1980, 1999‡

Bavarian Under 17 championship

Winners: 1976, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2010‡, 2014‡
Runners-up: 1982, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2012‡, 2015‡

Bavarian Under 15 championship

Winners: 1975, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2007, 2009
Runners-up: 1976, 1977, 1988, 1992, 2008

‡ Reserve team

text: Honours for players[edit]

text:
Honour
Player
Year/s

Goalkeeper of the Century (4th)
Title awarded only once
Sepp Maier

Ballon d'Or
Title awarded since 1956, stopped in 2009
Gerd Müller
1970

Franz Beckenbauer
1972, 1976

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1980, 1981

Ballon d'Or (2nd)
Title awarded since 1956, stopped in 2009
Gerd Müller
1972

Franz Beckenbauer
1974, 1975

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1979

Paul Breitner
1981

Jürgen Klinsmann
1995

Ballon d'Or (3rd)
Title awarded since 1956, stopped in 2009
Franz Beckenbauer
1966

Gerd Müller
1969, 1973

Oliver Kahn
2001, 2002

FIFA Footballer of the year (2nd)
Title awarded since 1991, stopped in 2009
Oliver Kahn
2002

FIFA Footballer of the year (3rd)
Title awarded since 1991, stopped in 2009
Jürgen Klinsmann
1995

FIFA Ballon d'Or (3rd)
Title awarded since 2010, after Ballon d'Or & FIFA World Player of the Year awards were merged
Franck Ribéry
2013

Manuel Neuer
2014

UEFA Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1998, stopped in 2010
Stefan Effenberg
2001

UEFA Best Goalkeeper
Title awarded since 1998, stopped in 2010
Oliver Kahn
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002

UEFA Best Player in Europe
Title awarded since 2011
Franck Ribéry
2013

Onze d'Or
Title awarded since 1976
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1980, 1981

Bravo Award
Title awarded since 1978
Owen Hargreaves
2001

Thomas Müller
2010

FIFA Golden Ball
Title awarded since 1982
Oliver Kahn
2002

World's Best Goalkeeper
Title awarded since 1987
Jean-Marie Pfaff
1987

Oliver Kahn
1999, 2001, 2002

Manuel Neuer
2013, 2014, 2015, 2016[3]

German Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1960
Franz Beckenbauer
1966, 1968, 1974, 1976

Gerd Müller
1967, 1969

Sepp Maier
1975, 1977, 1978

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1980

Paul Breitner
1981

Lothar Matthäus
1999

Oliver Kahn
2000, 2001

Michael Ballack
2003, 2005

Franck Ribéry
2008

Arjen Robben
2010

Bastian Schweinsteiger[4]
2013

Manuel Neuer[5]
2014

Jérôme Boateng[6]
2016

Philipp Lahm [7]
2017

Austrian Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1984
David Alaba
2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Austrian Sports Personality of the Year
Title awarded since 1949
David Alaba
2013, 2014

Croatian Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1991
Ivica Olić
2009, 2010

Mario Mandžukić
2012, 2013

Croatian Sportsman of the Year
Title awarded since 1952
Mario Mandžukić
2013

Dutch Sportsman of the year
Title awarded since 1951
Arjen Robben
2014

France Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1965
Franck Ribéry
2008, 2013

England Player of the Year
Title awarded since 2003
Owen Hargreaves
2006

Danish Football Player of the Year
Title awarded since 1963
Brian Laudrup
1992

Swedish footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1946
Patrik Andersson
2001

Polish Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1973
Robert Lewandowski
2014, 2015, 2016

Polish Sportspersonality of the Year
Title awarded since 1926
Robert Lewandowski
2015

Paraguayan Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1997
Roque Santa Cruz
1999

Asian Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1988
Ali Daei
1999

Ghanaian Footballer of the Year
Samuel Kuffour
1998, 1999, 2001

BBC African Footballer of the Year
Title awarded since 1991
Samuel Kuffour
2001

text:
Golden Boot for Top Scorer in Europe - Winner of the Soulier d'Or

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Gerd Müller
1970 (38), 1972 (40)

UEFA Champions League Top scorers

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Gerd Müller
1973 (12), 1974 (8), 1975 (5), 1977 (5)

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1981 (6)

Dieter Hoeneß
1982 (7)

UEFA Cup Top scorers

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Dieter Hoeneß
1980 (7)

Jürgen Klinsmann
1996 (15)

Luca Toni
2008 (10)

Bundesliga top scorers

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Gerd Müller
1967 (28), 1969 (30), 1970 (38), 1972 (40), 1973 (36), 1974 (30), 1978 (24)

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1980 (26), 1981 (29), 1984 (26)

Roland Wohlfarth
1989 (17), 1991 (21)

Giovane Élber
2003 (21)

Luca Toni
2008 (24)

Mario Gómez
2011 (28)

Robert Lewandowski
2016 (30)

Notes
1967: jointly w/ Lothar Emmerich (Borussia Dortmund)
1974: jointly w/ Jupp Heynckes (Borussia Mönchengladbach)
1977: jointly w/ Dieter Müller (1. FC Köln)
1989: jointly w/ Thomas Allofs (1. FC Köln)
2003: jointly w/ Thomas Christiansen (VfL Bochum)
The scores by Müller of 1972, 70 and 73 are still unmatched record!

1ºTop scorer World Cup

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Gerd Müller
1970 (10)

Miroslav Klose
2006 (5)

Thomas Müller
2010 (5)

2ºAll-time Top scorer World Cup goalscorers

Player
Year/s (Goals)

Miroslav Klose
16 Goals (2002–2006–2010–2014)

Gerd Müller
14 Goals (1970–1974)

Thomas Müller
10 Goals (2010–2014–present)

text: World Cup winning players[edit]

text: The following World Cup winning players, played at Bayern Munich at some point during their career. Highlighted Players played for Bayern Munich while winning the World Cup.

text:
Hans Bauer (Switzerland 1954)
 Karl Mai (Switzerland 1954)
 Franz Beckenbauer (Germany 1974)*
 Paul Breitner (Germany 1974)
 Jupp Heynckes (Germany 1974)**
 Uli Hoeneß (Germany 1974)
 Jupp Kapellmann (Germany 1974)
 Sepp Maier (Germany 1974)
 Gerd Müller (Germany 1974)
 Georg Schwarzenbeck (Germany 1974)
 Raimond Aumann (Italy 1990)
 Klaus Augenthaler (Italy 1990)
 Thomas Berthold (Italy 1990)
 Andreas Brehme (Italy 1990)
 Jürgen Klinsmann (Italy 1990)
 Jürgen Kohler (Italy 1990)
 Lothar Matthäus (Italy 1990)
 Hans Pflügler (Italy 1990)
 Stefan Reuter (Italy 1990)
 Olaf Thon (Italy 1990)
 Jorginho (USA 1994)
 Paulo Sérgio (USA 1994)
 Bixente Lizarazu (France 1998)
 Lúcio (Korea-Japan 2002)
 Massimo Oddo (Germany 2006)
 Luca Toni (Germany 2006)
 Xabi Alonso (South Africa 2010)
 Javi Martínez (South Africa 2010)
 Pepe Reina (South Africa 2010)
 Jérôme Boateng (Brazil 2014)
 Mario Götze (Brazil 2014)
 Mats Hummels (Brazil 2014)
 Miroslav Klose (Brazil 2014)
 Toni Kroos (Brazil 2014)
 Philipp Lahm (Brazil 2014)
 Thomas Müller (Brazil 2014)
 Manuel Neuer (Brazil 2014)
 Lukas Podolski (Brazil 2014)
 Bastian Schweinsteiger (Brazil 2014)

text:
* Franz Beckenbauer won the World Cup 1974 as player and 1990 as coach. He was also player and later coach for Bayern Munich.
** Jupp Heynckes won the World Cup as player and later became coach of Bayern Munich.

text: Records[edit]

text: Bundesliga[edit]

text: All-time[edit]

text:
Most Bundesliga titles won: 26
Most consecutive Bundesliga titles won: 5 (2013–2017)
Most Bundesliga games won (1032) and points achieved (3488)
Most match-days at the first place of the Bundesliga table (727)
Most average points per game in the Bundesliga: 1.99
Most Bundesliga goals scored: 3806
Most consecutive wins in the Bundesliga (matchday 9 to 27 of 2013–14 season): 19
Most games won in a club's first Bundesliga season (1965–66): 20
Earliest point of time in a year for a team to be crowned champions: (25 March of 2013–14 season)
Highest number of games left when becoming champions: 7 by Bayern Munich (2013–14 season)
Biggest lead over second-place finisher (2012–13): 25 points
Championship with fewest points under the 3-point rule (2000–01): 63
Championship with the most losses in a season (2000–01): 9
Record Bundesliga victory: 11–1 v. Borussia Dortmund (27 November 1971)
Record Bundesliga defeat: 0–7 v. FC Schalke 04 (9 October 1976)

text: Per season[edit]

text:
Most points at the end of a season (2012–13): 91
Most won games in a single season (2012–13 and 2013–14): 29
Fewest lost games in a single season (1986–87 and 2012–13): 1
Most goals in a single season (1971–72): 101
Fewest goals against in a single season (2015–16): 17
Most clean sheets in a single season (2012–13): 21
Started season with most consecutive won games (2015–16): 10

text: Per match[edit]

text: As an infamous record, Bayern's match in Dortmund in the 2000–01 season was the most "unfair" match in Bundesliga history with 15 cards shown (10 yellow, 1 yellow-red, 2 red),[8] of those 12 (8, 1, 1) were shown to Bayern players which is also a record in Bundesliga history.

text: Other national records[edit]

text:
Most championships won: 26
Most cups won: 18
Most league cups won: 6
Most doubles won: 11
Only club to win the treble (UEFA Champions League, Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal) in 2012–13.
Only club to win the double (Bundesliga and Cup) twice in a row, two times. Once in the (2004–05 and 2005–06) seasons and one more time (2012–13 and 2013–14) seasons.
Only club to win five consecutive times the Bundesliga, in 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17 seasons.
Only club to win a championship and a cup with both men's and women's football department.

text: Managerial[edit]

text:
Longest-serving manager by time: Udo Lattek, from 14 March 1970 to 2 January 1975 and 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1987 (8 years, 295 days)[9]
Longest-serving manager by matches: Udo Lattek managed the club for 420 matches over a period of 8 years and nine months, from 14 March 1970 to 2 January 1975 and 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1987 (8 years, 295 days)[10]

text: International record[edit]

text:
Last club to win the Champions League/European Cup three times in a row: 1974–76
Fastest goal in Champions League history: After 10 seconds by Roy Makaay on 7 March 2007 against Real Madrid.
Managed to score at least two goals in each match of the group stage: 2010–11 UEFA Champions League group stage by beating Basel 3–0 in the last games.
Highest aggregate win in the UEFA Champions League knockout stage: 12–1 on 24 February 2009 (5–0) and 11 March 2009 (7–1) against Sporting CP.
The largest margin of victory in the knockout stage in the current Champions League format: Bayern Munich 7–0 Basel in 2011–12.
Bayern Munich holds the record for the biggest win in a quarter final in Champions League era: Bayern Munich 6–0 1. FC Kaiserslautern (2–0, 4–0) in 1998–99.
Highest aggregate win in the UEFA Champions League semi-final: 7–0 (4–0 and 3–0) against Barcelona (2013).
The largest margin of victory in a final: 4–0 Atlético Madrid 1973–74 (replay).
Bayern Munich hold the record of consecutive wins in the Champions League: 10 consecutive wins.
Bayern Munich hold the record of consecutive home wins in the Champions League: 16 consecutive home game.
Bayern Munich hold the record of consecutive away wins in the Champions League: 7 consecutive away game.
Longest home undefeated run: 31 games; run began with a 0–0 draw against Borussia Dortmund in 1997–98 and ended with a 2–3 loss to Deportivo La Coruña in the group stage in 2002–03.

text: By individual players[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Since 1945 (Entrance to Oberliga Süd) [11] [12] [13]

text:
Most appearances in all competitions: Sepp Maier 700
Most League appearances: Sepp Maier 537 [14]
Most Bundesliga appearances: Sepp Maier 473
Most Oberliga Süd appearances: Hans Bauer 259 [15]
Most Regionalliga Süd appearances: Rainer Ohlhauser 71 [15]
Most Cup appearances: Sepp Maier 63
Most Continental appearances: Oliver Kahn 131
Most Champions League + European Cup appearances: Philipp Lahm 105 [16]
Most Europa League + Fairs Cup appearances: Klaus Augenthaler 29
Most Cup Winners Cup appearances: Sepp Maier & Gerd Müller 25
Most UEFA Supercup appearances: Franz Beckenbauer, Bernd Dürnberger, Udo Horsmann, Jupp Kapellmann, Sepp Maier, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge & Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck 4
Most Intercontinental Cup appearances: Björn Andersson, Franz Beckenbauer, Uli Hoeneß, Udo Horsmann, Jupp Kapellmann, Sepp Maier, Gerd Müller, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck & Conny Torstensson 2
Most Club World Cup appearances: David Alaba, Jérôme Boateng, Mario Götze, Javi Martínez, Toni Kroos, Philipp Lahm, Mario Mandžukić, Manuel Neuer, Rafinha, Franck Ribéry, Xherdan Shaqiri & Thiago 2
Most Supercup appearances: Philipp Lahm & Thomas Müller 6
Youngest first-team player: Pierre-Emile Højbjerg (7003622000000000000♠17 years, 10 days)
Most consecutive appearances in the Bundesliga: Sepp Maier 442 (from 1966 to 1979)

text:
#
Name
Years
League
Cup
Europe
Other
Total

1
 Sepp Maier
1962–1980
537
63
79
21
700

2
 Oliver Kahn
1994–2008
429
57
130
16
632

3
 Gerd Müller
1964-1979
453
62
74
16
605

4
 Franz Beckenbauer
1964–1977
427
61
71
23
582

5
 Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck
1966–1981
416
57
70
11
554

6
 Klaus Augenthaler
1976–1991
404
50
89
2
545

7
 Philipp Lahm
2002–2017
332
54
117
14
517

8
 Bernd Dürnberger
1972–1985
375
43
78
9
505

9
 Bastian Schweinsteiger
2002–2015
342
47
103
8
500

10
 Mehmet Scholl
1992–2007
334
37
88
10
469

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: Since 1945 (Entrance to Oberliga Süd) [17] [18] [19]

text:
Most goals in all competitions: Gerd Müller 564
Most League goals: Gerd Müller 398 [20]
Most Bundesliga goals: Gerd Müller 365
Most Oberliga Süd goals: Peter Grosser 65 [15]
Most Regionalliga Süd goals: Rainer Ohlhauser 75 [15]
Most Cup goals: Gerd Müller 78
Most Continental goals: Gerd Müller 69
Most Champions League + European Cup goals: Thomas Müller 40
Most Europa League + Fairs Cup goals: Jürgen Klinsmann 15
Most Cup Winners Cup goals: Gerd Müller 20
Most UEFA Supercup goals: Gerd Müller 3
Most Intercontinental Cup goals: Jupp Kapellmann, Samuel Kuffour & Gerd Müller 1
Most Club World Cup goals: Dante & Mario Götze, Mario Mandžukić, Franck Ribéry & Thiago 1
Most Supercup goals: Arjen Robben & Thomas Müller 3
Most goals in a season: Gerd Müller 67 (during the 1972–73 season)
Most Bundesliga goals in a season: Gerd Müller 40 in (during the 1971–72 season)
Most times Bundesliga top scorer: Gerd Müller 7
Most times Cup top scorer: Gerd Müller 3

text:
#
Name
Years
League
Cup
Europe
Other
Total

1
 Gerd Müller
1964–1979
398
78
66
22
564

2
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
1974–1984
162
25
30
1
218

3
 Rainer Ohlhauser[21]
1961–1970
186
16
5
8
215

4
 Thomas Müller
2008–present
98
24
40
3
165

5
 Roland Wohlfarth
1984–1993
119
18
18
0
155

6
 Dieter Hoeneß
1979–1987
102
17
26
0
145

7
 Giovane Élber
1997–2003
92
16
23
8
139

8
 Arjen Robben
2009–present
93
14
24
3
134

9
 Dieter Brenninger[22]
1962–1971
111
7
7
7
132

10
 Robert Lewandowski
2014–present
92
12
26
1
131

text: Clubs statistics[edit]

text:
Fiscal year
Revenues in Mio. €[I]
Earnings in Mio. €[I]
Members[II]
Fanclubs
Fanclub members

1992–93
033.3
02.5
024,285
0720
?

1993–94
038.0
00.1
033,000
0850
?

1994–95
063.4
04.9
044,311
1,100
?

1995–96
075.3
03.1
059,339
1,348
063,747

1996–97
084.5
07.7
071,757
1,532
078,958

1997–98
100.5
08.1
077,075
1,617
088,893

1998–99
127.7
12.3
081,957
1,761
098,728

1999–00
144.7
08.7
084,717
1,845
107,112

2000–01
173.2
16.5
091,288
1,909
115,343

2001–02
176.0
09.8
095,195
1,980
121,348

2002–03
162.7
00.4
096,440
2,055
132,308

2003–04
166.3
−3.4
097,810
2,123
136,563

2004–05
189.5
06.6
104,720
2,189
146,009

2005–06
204.7
04.8
121,119
2,290
156,673

2006–07
225.8
18.9
135,752
2,329
164,580

2007–08
286.8
02.1
147,072
2,437
176,976

2008–09[23][24]
268.7
02.5
151,227
2,535
181,688

2009–10[25]
312.0
02.9
162,187
2,764
192,160

2010–11[26]
290.9
01.3
171,345
2,952
204,235

2011–12
332.2
11.1
187,865
3,202
231,197

2012–13[27]
393.9
14.0
223,985
3,576
262,077

2013–14[28]
480.0
16.4
233,427
3,749
283,558

2014–15[29]
485.6
15.1
251,315
3,774
293,607

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^I : The represent are the AG's earnings and revenues. ^II : The number represents the club's members.


document_title: Saponification

question_text: by product of saponification of fats and oils

root

text: Saponification

text: Saponification of fats[edit]

text: Vegetable oils and animal fats are the traditional materials that are saponified. These greasy materials, triesters called triglycerides, are mixtures derived from diverse fatty acids. Triglycerides can be converted to soap in either a one- or a two-step process. In the traditional one-step process, the triglyceride is treated with a strong base (e.g., lye), which cleaves the ester bond, releasing fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerol. This process is also the main industrial method for producing glycerol. In some soap-making, the glycerol is left in the soap. If necessary, soaps may be precipitated by salting it out with sodium chloride.

tag: p

text: The conversion of the fat of a corpse into adipocere, often called "grave wax". This process is more common where the amount of fatty tissue is high and the agents of decomposition are absent or only minutely present.

text: Saponification value[edit]

text: The saponification value is the amount of base required to saponify a fat sample.[2] Soap makers formulate their recipes with a small deficit of lye, to account for the unknown deviation of saponification value between their oil batch and laboratory averages.

text: Mechanism of base hydrolysis[edit]

text: The hydroxide anion adds to (or "attacks") the carbonyl group of the ester. The immediate product is called an orthoester:

text: Expulsion of the alkoxide generates a carboxylic acid:

text: The alkoxide ion is a strong base so that the proton is transferred from the carboxylic acid to the alkoxide ion creating an alcohol:

text: In a classic laboratory procedure, the triglyceride trimyristin is obtained by extracting it from nutmeg with diethyl ether.[3] Saponification to the sodium soap of myristic acid takes place using NaOH in water. The acid itself can be obtained by adding dilute hydrochloric acid.[4]

text: Saponification of fatty acids[edit]

text: The reaction of fatty acids with base is the other main method of saponification. In this case, the reaction involves neutralization of the carboxylic acid. The neutralization method is used to produce industrial soaps such as those derived from magnesium, the transition metals, and aluminium. This method is ideal for producing soaps that are derived from a single fatty acid, which leads to soaps with predictable physical properties, as required by many engineering applications.

text: Applications[edit]

text: Soft versus hard soap[edit]

text: Depending on the nature of the alkali used in their production, soaps have distinct properties. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) gives "hard soap"; hard soaps can also be used in water containing Mg, Cl, and Ca salts. By contrast, potassium soaps, (derived using KOH) are soft soap. The fatty acid source also affects the soap's melting point. Most early hard soaps were manufactured using animal fats and KOH extracted from wood ash; these were broadly solid. However, the majority of modern soaps are manufactured from polyunsaturated triglycerides such as vegetable oils. As in the triglycerides they are formed from[5] the salts of these acids have weaker inter-molecular forces and thus lower melting points.

text: Lithium soaps[edit]

text: Lithium derivatives of 12-hydroxystearate and other fatty acids are important constituents of lubricating greases. In lithium-based greases, lithium carboxylates are thickeners. "Complex soaps" are also common, these being combinations of metallic soaps, such as lithium and calcium soaps.[6]

text: Fire extinguishers[edit]

text: Fires involving cooking fats and oils (classified as class K (US) or F (Australia/Europe/Asia)) burn hotter than most flammable liquids, rendering a standard class B extinguisher ineffective. Flammable liquids have flash points under 37 degrees Celsius. Cooking oil is a combustible liquid, since it has a flash point over 37 degrees Celsius. Such fires should be extinguished with a wet chemical extinguisher. Extinguishers of this type are designed to extinguish cooking fats and oils through saponification. The extinguishing agent rapidly converts the burning substance to a non-combustible soap. This process is endothermic, meaning that it absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, which decreases the temperature of the surroundings, further inhibiting the fire.

text: Oil paints[edit]

text: Saponification can occur in oil paintings over time, causing visible damage and deformation. Oil paints are composed of pigment molecules suspended in an oil binding medium. Heavy metal salts are often used as pigment molecules, such as in lead white, red lead, and zinc white.[7] If those heavy metal salts react with free fatty acids in the oil medium, metal soaps may form in a paint layer that can then migrate outward to the painting's surface.[8]

text: Saponification in oil paintings was described as early as 1912.[9] It is believed to be widespread, having been observed in many works dating from the fifteenth through the twentieth centuries; works of different geographic origin; and works painted on various supports, such as canvas, paper, wood, and copper. Chemical analysis may reveal saponification occurring in a painting’s deeper layers before any signs are visible on the surface, even in paintings centuries old.[10]

text: The saponified regions may deform the painting's surface through the formation of visible lumps or protrusions that can scatter light. These soap lumps may be prominent only on certain regions of the painting rather than throughout. In John Singer Sargent's famous Portrait of Madame X, for example, the lumps only appear on the blackest areas, which may be because of the artist’s use of more medium in those areas to compensate for the tendency of black pigments to soak it up.[11] The process can also form chalky white deposits on a painting's surface, a deformation often described as "blooming" or "efflorescence", and may also contribute to the increased transparency of certain paint layers within an oil painting over time.[12]

text: Saponification does not occur in all oil paintings and many details are unresolved.[13] At present, retouching is the only known restoration method.


document_title: Joy Ride (2001 film)

question_text: who did the voice of rusty nail in joy ride

text: Joy Ride (2001 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: University students Lewis Thomas (Paul Walker) and Venna Wilcox (Leelee Sobieski), Lewis's childhood friend and crush, prepare to go home for the summer holiday. Lewis offers to come by Venna's campus (they go to different universities) to drive her home instead of both of them flying back; Venna happily agrees. After refunding his plane ticket to buy a 1971 Chrysler Newport, Lewis calls his parents to announce the change of plan and learns that his older brother Fuller (Steve Zahn), the family's black sheep, has been arrested once again. Lewis drives to Salt Lake City and bails out Fuller, who then tags along for the trip.

text: At a gas station, Fuller has a CB radio installed on Lewis's car for $40, and the two begin listening in on truckers' chatter. Fuller coaxes Lewis into playing a prank on a truck driver nicknamed 'Rusty Nail' (voiced by Ted Levine (uncredited)). Lewis pretends to be a woman named Candy Cane and sets up a meeting with Rusty Nail in the motel where Lewis and Fuller will be spending the night. Lewis tells Rusty that "she" is in room 17, the room of an irritable businessman with whom Fuller had earlier argued, but the guys are actually in room 18. When Rusty Nail arrives at the man's room, an argument and sounds of a scuffle are briefly heard. The next morning, Sheriff Ritter announces to Lewis and Fuller that they found the businessman on the highway, still alive with his lower jaw ripped off. Ritter figures out the two are involved in the incident, but lets them go, as he already has his hands full, and they do not know anything other than the man's nickname. However, he orders them to leave the state by sundown.

text: On the road, Rusty Nail is heard again on the CB radio looking for Candy Cane. Lewis talks to him and reveals that he is Candy Cane. Rusty Nail demands an apology, but Fuller insults him, instead. Rusty Nail simply notes that they should get their taillight fixed, indicating that he is right behind them, causing the duo to panic and speed up. At the next gas station, they unsuccessfully attempt to contact Ritter. Seeing an ice truck pulling into the gas station, the already paranoid pair drives away. The ice truck driver chases them down. However, the driver turns out to be merely trying to return Lewis's credit card, which he left behind in panic. The real Rusty Nail then shows up in his truck and crushes the ice truck and its driver. He then slowly pins Lewis's car against a tree. The two hysterically apologize, and Rusty Nail drives away, declaring his actions to be simply a retaliatory joke.

text: Believing themselves safe, the brothers arrive at the University of Colorado and pick up Venna. They stop at a motel and drink at a bar. Lewis goes to sleep, but Rusty Nail calls him, revealing he knows of Venna. The three flee the motel. Rusty Nail contacts them, announcing that he has kidnapped Charlotte, Venna's friend. He directs them to a cornfield, where he gets them to split up, and kidnaps Venna.

text: Rusty Nail sets up a meeting at another motel in room 17, mirroring the false date with which he was pranked. He sets up a trap that will kill Venna if the room door is opened. Fuller attempts to get in the room by a window, but is injured by Rusty Nail and stuck outside the room. Rusty Nail's truck appears uphill and begins rolling down toward Venna's room. Lewis frees Fuller, and the brothers save Venna just in time. As the police investigate Rusty Nail's truck, they see a dead body in the driver's seat and Charlotte, still alive, on the floor.

text: Lewis, Fuller, and Venna are treated for their injuries at an ambulance. At this point, the dead man turns out to be the ice truck driver. A CB in the ambulance is on, and the group hear Rusty Nail's voice, learning that he is still alive and free.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paul Walker as Lewis Thomas
Steve Zahn as Fuller Thomas
Leelee Sobieski as Venna Wilcox
Jessica Bowman as Charlotte Dawson
Matthew Kimbrough (uncredited) as Rusty Nail. He is credited after all cast and crew in Spanish as "Clavo" meaning "nail".

Ted Levine (uncredited) as Voice of Rusty Nail

Stuart Stone as Danny, Lewis's roommate
Brian Leckner as Officer Keeney
Jim Beaver as Sheriff Ritter
Hugh Dane as Man at door
Jay Hernandez as Marine
Basil Wallace as Car salesman
Rachel Singer as Gas station manager
Satch Huizenga as Mr. Jones
Luis Côrtes as Night manager
Kenneth White as Ronald Ellinghouse
Walton Goggins (deleted scenes) as Cop
Anna Malle (uncredited) as Cable TV porn actress

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In his screenplay for Joy Ride, J. J. Abrams was influenced by the first film directed by Steven Spielberg, Duel, and there are numerous references to it. For example, in one scene, a seemingly maniacal ICE truck pulls up to a gas station that the brothers have pulled up to. In Duel, a likewise maniacal truck pulls up the protagonist, and a small billboard for ICE is visible in the background.

text: The central antagonist, "Rusty Nail", remains almost entirely unseen throughout the film and was portrayed by hulking actor Matthew Kimbrough in the brief shot of the villain towards the end of the film. Rusty Nail's voice heard on the radio throughout most of the film was provided by veteran actor Ted Levine (The Silence of the Lambs) due to his distinctive voice tone, and was added in post production. Eric Stoltz and Sylvester Stallone also auditioned for the role of Rusty Nail.[3] Rusty Nail's truck is a 359 Peterbilt.

text: Alternate footage[edit]

text: On the DVD release, there is a 29-minute-long alternate ending, and four other shorter alternate endings. The main one featured Rusty Nail's shotgun suicide and numerous bodies are found by the police in his trailer. One featured Rusty Nail being arrested, another being beaten in a fight with both Thomas brothers, another wherein he is blown up in his truck, and another saw Rusty Nail run over with his own truck. The ending featured in the actual theatrical cut of the film is the only ending in which Rusty Nail lives. There are also numerous deleted scenes.

text: In the alternate ending where Rusty Nail's truck explodes, you can see a water tower behind the truck as it burns. The original intention was to have the truck hit the water tower and have the water come down and put the flames out so that it would be believable if Rusty Nail survived. However, time constraints kept the scene from being filmed. The water tower cost over $100,000.

text: Sobieski filmed two different romantic interludes, one with Zahn and one with Walker during the shooting and re-shooting of the film. Both scenes ended up getting cut. This may explain why Venna appears to be romantically interested in both of them.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film also goes under numerous other titles in other countries. In Australia, Sweden, Finland, Ireland and some other European countries the film was retitled Roadkill, Never Play with Strangers in Israel and Spain, Radio Killer in Italy, Never talk to strangers in Greece, Road Killer in Japan, Ничего себе поездочка (What a ride!) in Russia and Mortal Frequency in Mexico.

text: The film went under the working titles of Candy Cane, Highway Horror, Deadly Frequency, and Squelch.

text: Box office[edit]

text: Joy Ride opened theatrically on October 5, 2001 in 2,497 venues and earned $7,347,259 in its opening weekend, ranking number five in the domestic box office.[4] By the end of its run, the film had grossed $21,974,919 domestically and $14,667,919 overseas for a worldwide total of $36,642,838.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received generally positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 73% rating based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The site's consensus states: "A well-constructed B-movie thriller, Joy Ride keeps up the necessary level of tension and chills. Critics also liked Zahn's performance as the goofball older brother."[5] Metacritic reports a 75 out of 100 rating based on 31 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[6]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: The film was followed by two direct to video sequels, Joy Ride 2: Dead Ahead (2008) and Joy Ride 3 (2014).


document_title: The Nagus

question_text: who played the nagus in deep space nine

question_tokens: who played the nagus in deep space nine

text: The Nagus

text:
"The Nagus"

Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode

Episode no.
Season 1
Episode 11

Directed by
David Livingston

Story by
David Livingston

Teleplay by
Ira Steven Behr

Featured music
John Debney

Production code
411

Original air date
March 21, 1993 (1993-03-21)

Guest appearance(s)

Max Grodénchik - Rom
Aron Eisenberg - Nog
Wallace Shawn - Grand Nagus Zek
Tiny Ron - Maihar'du
Lee Arenberg - Gral
Lou Wagner - Krax
Barry Gordon - Nava

Episode chronology

← Previous
"Move Along Home"
Next →
"Vortex"

List of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes

tag: table

text: "The Nagus" is the 10th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

text: Retiring Grand Nagus Zek announces Quark as his successor (over his own son); Sisko frets over his son's devotion to his friend Nog, a known troublemaker.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Zek, the Grand Nagus of the Ferengi Alliance, arrives on the station and seems to take an interest in Quark, but it is not clear why. He tells Quark that he wants to use Quark's bar for a conference, where he announces that Quark will be his successor. The Nagus then dies, apparently making Quark's appointment permanent.

text: Quark has a hard time adjusting to his new position, but he becomes popular among the Ferengi entrepreneurs by giving away lucrative business opportunities. Zek's son Krax and Rom attempt to kill Quark and are stopped by Zek, who appears before them still very much alive. Quark's appointment was a test to see how his son would respond in his absence, and as Zek says, "You failed! Miserably!" Quark congratulates Rom for having the lobes to try to kill him.

text: Meanwhile, Sisko is trying to cope with the friendship between his son Jake and Rom's son Nog. His problem is seemingly solved when Rom orders Nog not to attend school; however, Jake and Nog begin spending even more time together. Jake will only tell Sisko that what they are doing is "private." In the end, Sisko finds he has nothing to worry about when he finds Jake teaching Nog how to read.

text: Arc significance[edit]

text: First appearance of Grand Nagus Zek and first mention of his plans to expand Ferengi business into the Gamma Quadrant.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
In this episode, there is an homage shot to The Godfather.[citation needed] Shortly after Quark is "Made" Grand Nagus, the shot of the following scene is a near-exact duplicate of the opening of the movie, with a client come to seek a favor. Quark is even reclining in a chair as did Brando and petting an alien creature (Presumably a popular pet of Ferenginar, just as cats are on Earth) the way Don Corleone held his cat. In his following line as well he paraphrased Brando: "And now you call me Nagus..."
This is the first episode Max Grodénchik plays Rom, Quark's younger brother and Nog's father. In the first episode of ST:DS9, Grodénchik plays an unnamed Ferengi. In another episode, Grodénchik plays a Ferengi who is Nog's father - but the character is unnamed. In another episode, when Rom's name is first mentioned - Quark refers to him as "his assistant".


document_title: List of highest paid film actors

question_text: who is the highest paid actor for one movie

text: List of highest paid film actors

text: Salaries for the world's highest paid film actors currently range from $20–30 million, but an actor can earn substantially more by deferring all or part of their salary against a percentage of the film's gross, known within the industry as a "profit participation" deal. Since not all salaries are made public, this is a non-definitive list of actors who have received $30 million or more as compensation for their services. The figures are given at their nominal value, since earnings from profit based deals are accumulated over many years, making it unfeasible to adjust for inflation.

text:
Highest-earning actors in films

Actor
Film
Year
Salary
Total income
Ref

Reeves, KeanuKeanu Reeves
Matrix Reloaded, TheThe Matrix Reloaded
The Matrix Revolutions
2003
$30,000,000
$156,000,000
[1]

Willis, BruceBruce Willis
Sixth Sense, TheThe Sixth Sense
1999
$14,000,000
$100,000,000
[1]

Cruise, TomTom Cruise
Mission Impossible 2Mission: Impossible 2
2000

$100,000,000
[1]

Cruise, TomTom Cruise
War of the Worlds
2005

$100,000,000
[1]

Smith, WillWill Smith
Men in Black 3
2012

$100,000,000
[2]

Bullock, SandraSandra Bullock
Gravity
2013
$20,000,000
$70,000,000+
[3]

Hanks, TomTom Hanks
Forrest Gump
1994

$70,000,000
[1]

Cruise, TomTom Cruise
Mission Impossible 1Mission: Impossible
1996

$70,000,000
[1]

Ford, HarrisonHarrison Ford
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
2008

$65,000,000
[4]

Nicholson, JackJack Nicholson
Batman
1989
$6,000,000
$60,000,000
[1][5]

DiCaprio, LeonardoLeonardo DiCaprio
Inception
2010

$59,000,000
[6]

Depp, JohnnyJohnny Depp
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
2011
$35,000,000
$55,000,000
[6][7]

Downey, Jr., RobertRobert Downey, Jr.
Avengers, TheThe Avengers
2012

$50,000,000
[8]

Diaz, CameronCameron Diaz
Bad Teacher
2011

$42,000,000
[9]

DiCaprio, LeonardoLeonardo DiCaprio
Titanic
1997

$40,000,000
[1]

Hanks, TomTom Hanks
Saving Private Ryan
1998

$40,000,000
[1]

Depp, JohnnyJohnny Depp
Alice in Wonderland
2010

$40,000,000
[6]

Khan, AamirAamir Khan
Dangal
2016

$37,000,000+
[nb 1][10][11]

Carrey, JimJim Carrey
Yes Man
2008

$35,000,000
[12]

Schwarzenegger, ArnoldArnold Schwarzenegger
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines
2003
$29,250,000
$30,000,000+
[nb 2][1]

Gibson, MelMel Gibson
Lethal Weapon 4
1998
$30,000,000
$30,000,000
[1]

Pitt, BradBrad Pitt
Ocean's Eleven
2001
$10,000,000
$30,000,000
[1]

text:
Jump up ^ ₹257 crore ($37–41 million at 2017 exchange rates).
Jump up ^ Arnold Schwarzenegger received a $29,250,000 salary for Terminator 3 plus a 20% royalty on the worldwide box office gross over $380 million. The film ultimately had a global gross of $433 million.

tag: ol


document_title: Fourteen Points

question_text: the fourteen points plan called for the creation of a diplomatic organization known as the

text: Fourteen Points

text: Background[edit]

text: The immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War I in April 1917 was the German announcement of renewed unrestricted submarine warfare and the subsequent sinking of ships with Americans on board. But President Wilson's war aims went beyond the defense of maritime interests. In his War Message to Congress, Wilson declared that the United States' objective was "to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world." In several speeches earlier in the year, Wilson sketched out his vision of an end to the war that would bring a "just and secure peace," not merely "a new balance of power."[4]

text: President Wilson subsequently initiated a secret series of studies named the Inquiry, primarily focused on Europe, and carried out by a group in New York which included geographers, historians and political scientists; the group was directed by Colonel House.[5] Their job was to study Allied and American policy in virtually every region of the globe and analyze economic, social, and political facts likely to come up in discussions during the peace conference.[1] The group produced and collected nearly 2,000 separate reports and documents plus at least 1,200 maps.[1] The studies culminated in a speech by Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918, wherein he articulated America's long-term war objectives. The speech was the clearest expression of intention made by any of the belligerent nations, and it projected Wilson's progressive domestic policies into the international arena.[5]

text: Speech[edit]

text: The speech, known as the Fourteen Points, was developed from a set of diplomatic points by Wilson[6] and territorial points drafted by the Inquiry's general secretary, Walter Lippmann, and his colleagues, Isaiah Bowman, Sidney Mezes, and David Hunter Miller.[7]  Lippmann's draft territorial points were a direct response to the secret treaties of the European Allies, which Lippmann had been shown by Secretary of War Newton D. Baker.[7] Lippmann's task according to House was "to take the secret treaties, analyze the parts which were tolerable, and separate them from those which we regarded as intolerable, and then develop a position which conceded as much to the Allies as it could, but took away the poison. ... It was all keyed upon the secret treaties."[7]

text: In the speech, Wilson directly addressed what he perceived as the causes for the world war by calling for the abolition of secret treaties, a reduction in armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas.[1] Wilson also made proposals that would ensure world peace in the future. For example, he proposed the removal of economic barriers between nations, the promise of self-determination for national minorities,[1] and a world organization that would guarantee the "political independence and territorial integrity [of] great and small states alike"—a League of Nations.[4]

text: Though Wilson's idealism pervades the Fourteen Points, he also had more practical objectives in mind. He hoped to keep Russia in the war by convincing the Bolsheviks that they would receive a better peace from the Allies, to bolster Allied morale, and to undermine German war support. The address was well received in the United States and Allied nations, and even by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, as a landmark of enlightenment in international relations. Wilson subsequently used the Fourteen Points as the basis for negotiating the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war.[4]

text: The Fourteen Points[edit]

text: In his speech to Congress, President Wilson declared fourteen points which he regarded as the only possible basis of an enduring peace. They were according to him:[8]

text: I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

text: II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

text: III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

text: IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

text: V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined.

text: Territorial issues[edit]

text: VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

text: VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.

text: VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

text: IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

text: X. The people of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

text: XI. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.

text: XII. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

text: XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

text: League of Nations[edit]

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Fourteen Points Speech

text: XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

text: Reaction[edit]

text: Reaction by the Allied Powers[edit]

text: President Wilson at first considered abandoning his speech after Lloyd George delivered a speech outlining British war aims, many of which were similar to Wilson's aspirations, at Caxton Hall on January 5, 1918. Lloyd George stated that he had consulted leaders of "the Great Dominions overseas" before making his speech, so it would appear Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Newfoundland were in broad agreement.[9] Wilson was persuaded by his adviser Colonel House to go ahead, and his speech overshadowed Lloyd George's, and is better remembered by posterity.[10]

text: The speech was made without prior coordination or consultation with Wilson's counterparts in Europe. Clemenceau, upon hearing of the Fourteen Points, was said to have sarcastically proclaimed The good Lord only had ten! (Le bon Dieu n'en avait que dix !). As a major public statement of war aims, it became the basis for the terms of the German surrender at the end of the First World War. After the speech, Colonel House worked to secure the acceptance of the Fourteen Points by Entente leaders.  On October 16, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson and Sir William Wiseman, the head of British intelligence in America, had an interview.  This interview was one reason why the German government accepted the Fourteen Points and the stated principles for peace negotiations.[citation needed]

text: The report was made as negotiation points, and later the Fourteen Points were accepted by France and Italy on November 1, 1918.  Britain later signed off on all of the points except the freedom of the seas.[11] The United Kingdom also wanted Germany to make reparation payments for the war, and thought that that should be added to the Fourteen Points. The speech was delivered 10 months before the Armistice with Germany and became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.[12]

text: Reaction by the Central Powers[edit]

text: The speech was widely disseminated as an instrument of Allied propaganda and was translated into many languages for global dissemination.[13] Copies were also dropped behind German lines, to encourage the Central Powers to surrender in the expectation of a just settlement.[1] Indeed, in a note sent to Wilson by Prince Maximilian of Baden, the German imperial chancellor, in October 1918 requested an immediate armistice and peace negotiations on the basis of the Fourteen Points.[14]

text: Reaction in America[edit]

text: Theodore Roosevelt, in an article "The League of Nations" published by Metropolitan Magazine (January 1919), warned: "If the League of Nations is built on a document as high-sounding and as meaningless as the speech in which Mr. Wilson laid down his fourteen points, it will simply add one more scrap to the diplomatic waste paper basket. Most of these fourteen points ... would be interpreted ... to mean anything or nothing."[15]

text: Senator William Borah after 1918 wished "this treacherous and treasonable scheme" of the League of Nations to be "buried in hell" and promised that if he had his way it would be "20,000 leagues under the sea".[16]

text: Wilson's speech vs. Treaty of Versailles[edit]

text: President Wilson became physically ill at the beginning of the Paris Peace Conference, giving way to French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau to advance demands substantially different from Wilson's Fourteen Points. Clemenceau viewed Germany as having unfairly attained an economic victory over France, due to the heavy damage German forces dealt to France's industries even during the German retreat, and expressed dissatisfaction with France's allies at the peace conference.

text: Notably, Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, which would become known as the War Guilt Clause, was seen by the Germans as assigning full responsibility for the war and its damages on Germany; however, the same clause was included in all peace treaties and historian Sally Marks has noted that only German diplomats saw it as assigning responsibility for the war. The Allies would initially assess 269 billion marks in reparations. In 1921, this figure was established at 192 billion marks. However, only a fraction of this total had to be paid. The figure was designed to look imposing and show the public that Germany was being punished, while it also recognized what Germany could not realistically pay. Germany's ability and willingness to pay that sum continues to be a topic of debate among historians.[17][18] Germany was also denied an air force, and the German army was not to exceed 100,000 men.

text: The text of the Fourteen Points had been widely distributed in Germany as propaganda prior to the end of the war, and was well known by the Germans. The differences between this document and the final Treaty of Versailles fueled great anger in Germany.[19] German outrage over reparations and the War Guilt Clause is viewed as a likely contributing factor to the rise of National Socialism. At the end of World War I, foreign armies had only entered Germany's prewar borders twice: the advance of Russian troops into the Eastern border of Prussia, and following the Battle of Mulhouse the settlement of the French army in the Thann valley. This lack of any important Allied incursions contributed to the popularization of the stab-in-the-back myth in Germany after the war.

text: Nobel Peace Prize[edit]

text: Woodrow Wilson was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his peace-making efforts.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points". www.ourdocuments.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-20.

Jump up ^ Irwin Unger, These United States (2007) 561.

Jump up ^ Hannigan, Robert E. (2016-11-11). The Great War and American Foreign Policy, 1914-24. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 125–129. ISBN 9780812248593.

^ Jump up to: a b c "Wilson's Fourteen Points, 1918 - 1914–1920 - Milestones - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-02.

^ Jump up to: a b Heckscher, p. 470.

Jump up ^ Grief, Howard (2008-01-01). The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel Under International Law: A Treatise on Jewish Sovereignty Over the Land of Israel. Mazo Publishers. p. 297. ISBN 9789657344521.

^ Jump up to: a b c Godfrey Hodgson, Woodrow Wilson's Right Hand: The Life of Colonel Edward M. House (Yale University Press, 2006), pp. 160-63.

Jump up ^ "Avalon Project - President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points". avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-20.

Jump up ^ "Prime Minister Lloyd George on the British War Aims". The World War I Document Archive. Retrieved 8 January 2018.

Jump up ^ Grigg 2002, pp.383-5

Jump up ^ Grigg 2002, pp.384

Jump up ^ Hakim, Joy (2005). War, Peace, and All That Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 16–20. ISBN 0195327233.

Jump up ^ Heckscher, p. 471.

Jump up ^ Heckscher, pp. 479-88.

Jump up ^ Cited in Newer Roosevelt Messages, (ed. Griffith, William, New York: The Current Literature Publishing Company 1919). vol III, p 1047.

Jump up ^ Cited in Ivo Daalder and James Lindsay, America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy (Washington: Brookings Institution Press,  2003), p 7.

Jump up ^ Markwell, Donald (2006). John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace. Oxford University Press.

Jump up ^ Hantke, Max; Spoerer, Mark (2010). "The imposed gift of Versailles: the fiscal effects of restricting the size of Germany's armed forces, 1924–9" (PDF). Economic History Review. 63 (4): 849–864. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00512.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-27.

Jump up ^ The Concise Encyclopedia of World History (edited by John Bowle), publisher: Hutchinson of London (Great Portland Street) printed by Taylor, Garnett, Evans & co. in 1958, chapter 20 by John Plamenatz (no ISBN available)