question_text: who plays the pirate in spongebob out of water

root

text: Plot[edit]

text: A pirate named Burger Beard travels to Bikini Atoll, where he obtains a magical book with the power to make any text written upon it real. The book tells the story of SpongeBob SquarePants and his adventures in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob loves his job as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab fast food restaurant, where he cooks burgers called Krabby Patties and works for Mr. Krabs. He has spent years guarding the secret Krabby Patty formula from Plankton, the owner of a competing restaurant called the Chum Bucket.

tag: p

text: One day, Plankton attacks the Krusty Krab in an attempt to steal the formula. After a military battle involving giant foods and condiments, Plankton feigns surrender. He uses a decoy of himself to give Mr. Krabs a fake penny, which the real Plankton then hides inside in order to gain access to Krabs' vault. As the decoy distracts Mr. Krabs, Plankton steals the formula, leaving a fake in its place. SpongeBob catches Plankton and the two engage in a tug of war over the formula, which magically vanishes before anyone can claim it.

text: Without the secret formula, Krabby Patties cannot be made, causing customers to become ravenous. SpongeBob is the only one who believes Plankton is innocent and creates a giant soap bubble for them to fly away in. Bikini Bottom is immediately reduced to an apocalyptic wasteland due to the absence of the much-relied-on Krabby Patty. A page of the book is discarded in the ocean and lands on Sandy Cheeks' treedome and assumes the page is a sign from the "sandwich gods". SpongeBob proposes he and Plankton team up to find the formula. SpongeBob tries to explain the concept of teamwork to Plankton, who does not quite understand. Together, they travel back in time to the moment before the formula disappeared, and the two head to the Chum Bucket to rescue Karen, whom they intend to help power a time machine. They assemble the machine and end up traveling far into the future, where they meet Bubbles, a magical dolphin who acts as an overseer of the galaxy, and inadvertently get him fired. SpongeBob and Plankton succeed in retrieving the formula, but it turns out to be the fake one Plankton had left.

text: Burger Beard converts his pirate ship into a food truck to sell Krabby Patties at a beach community. Sandy suggests a sacrifice be made to appease the gods. As the town attempts to sacrifice SpongeBob, he and Mr. Krabs smell Krabby Patties. The townsfolk follow the scent, which leads to the surface. Bubbles returns and, revealing that he hated his job, repays SpongeBob by granting him and his sea creature friends the ability to breathe on land; Plankton also joins by stowing away in SpongeBob's sock. Bubbles launches SpongeBob and the others out of his blowhole to the surface.

text: The team soon lands on a beach and finds the source of the Krabby Patty scent: Burger Beard's food truck. Burger Beard reveals he stole the formula by using the book to rewrite the story and then uses it to banish the gang to Pelican Island. SpongeBob uses the book's page to transform himself and the others into superheroes with special powers—The Invincibubble (SpongeBob), Mr. Superawesomeness (Patrick), Sour Note (Squidward), The Rodent (Sandy), and Sir Pinch-a-Lot (Mr. Krabs). They return and find Burger Beard, who runs away with the formula, forcing the team to give chase. During the ensuing battle, the team manages to destroy the book, but Burger Beard overpowers them one by one.

text: Having been left on Pelican Island, Plankton becomes a muscle-bound hero named Plank-Ton and comes to assist them. Plankton and SpongeBob create one final attack to defeat Burger Beard and retrieve the formula. After sending Burger Beard flying to Bikini Atoll, Plankton returns the formula to Mr. Krabs, having learned the value of teamwork. The gang uses the final page's magic to return home to Bikini Bottom. With Krabby Patties back, the city is finally returned to normal and Plankton re-assumes his role as business rival, thus returning everything to the status quo.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Kenny as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants / The Invincibubble[7][9] and Gary the Snail
Antonio Banderas as Burger Beard the Pirate
Clancy Brown as the voice of Mr. Krabs / Sir Pinch-a-Lot, SpongeBob and Squidward's boss
Rodger Bumpass as the voice of Squidward Tentacles / Sour Note, SpongeBob's coworker
Bill Fagerbakke as the voice of Patrick Star / Mr. Superawesomeness, SpongeBob's neighbor and best friend[9]
Mr. Lawrence as the voice of Plankton / Plank-Ton, Mr. Krabs' arch-rival and Karen's husband
Jill Talley as the voice of Karen, Plankton's sentient computer sidekick and wife
Carolyn Lawrence as the voice of Sandy Cheeks / The Rodent, a squirrel from Texas
Mary Jo Catlett as the voice of Mrs. Puff, SpongeBob's boating school teacher
Lori Alan as the voice of Pearl Krabs, a teenage whale who is Mr. Krabs' daughter
Matt Berry as the voice of Bubbles, a time-traveling dolphin
Riki Lindhome and Kate Micucci as the voices of Popsicles
Dee Bradley Baker as the voice of Perch Perkins and other fish characters
Nolan North as the voice of Pigeon Cabbie
Paul Tibbitt (US), Joe Sugg (UK) and Robert Irwin (Australia)[10] as the voice of Kyle the Seagull
Peter Shukoff as Painty the Pirate

tag: ul

text: The seagulls were voiced by Peter Shukoff, Lloyd Ahlquist, Carlos Alazraqui, Eric Bauza, Tim Conway, Eddie Deezen, Nolan North, Rob Paulsen, Kevin Michael Richardson, April Stewart, Cree Summer, Billy West, Alan Carr (UK), Caspar Lee (UK) and Stacey Solomon (UK). Slash also appeared in a trailer for the film. His scene was ultimately cut from the final product, but it was presented among the special features for the Blu-ray release of the film.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following the release of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie in 2004, producer Julia Pistor stated that a sequel film was unlikely, despite the film's successful box office performance.[12] In a 2009 interview with Digital Spy, SpongeBob SquarePants writer and executive producer Paul Tibbitt was asked about the possibility of a sequel.[13] He said, "I think that they are talking about doing that, but I haven't signed up for anything. We just feel like we've told so many stories, and SpongeBob exists so well in this short 11-minute form."[13] He further stated that making another film was "a huge challenge."[13] However, Tibbitt denied that a sequel is not impossible to emerge, saying "I wouldn't say no, but I don't know if there will be another one."[13] In 2010, Nickelodeon reportedly had been approaching the crews of the show to make another film adaptation.[14] The network had long wanted to partner with Paramount Pictures to release another SpongeBob SquarePants film to help reinvigorate the series from its declining ratings.[15] However, internal disagreement delayed collaborations.[14][15]

text: On March 4, 2011, in an article by the Los Angeles Times, it was first reported that Paramount had "another SpongeBob picture" in development.[16] Several months later, in July, Paramount formed its new animation unit, Paramount Animation, in the wake of the commercial and critical success of the 2011 computer-animated film Rango, and the departure of DreamWorks Animation upon completion of their distribution contract in 2012.[17] Philippe Dauman, the president and CEO of Paramount and Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom, officially announced on February 28, 2012 that a sequel film was in development and slated for an unspecified 2014 release, saying that "We will be releasing a SpongeBob movie at the end of 2014."[18][19][20] Dauman added that the film "will serve to start off or be one of our films that starts off our new animation effort."[18] Nickelodeon expected the film to do much better in foreign box office than the 2004 feature, given its increasingly global reach.[15][21] Dauman said, "This will continue to propel SpongeBob internationally."[15]

text: Production was announced on June 10, 2014 under the title The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie 2,[22][23] which some trade publications began referring to as SpongeBob SquarePants 2.[7] The film's executive producer is series creator Stephen Hillenburg, who departed from the show as its showrunner in 2004 following the release of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. He no longer writes or runs the show on a day-to-day basis, but reviews each episode and delivers suggestions.[24][25] However, in a 2012 interview with Thomas F. Wilson, Hillenburg stated that he was helping in writing the film.[26] Tibbitt later revealed on Twitter in late 2013 that "Steve [Hillenburg] and I wrote the new movie together and he has been in the studio everyday working with us."[27] Production on the film was expected to finish in November 2014.[28] After production on the film finished, Hillenburg returned to the show as an executive producer, now having greater creative input and attending crew meetings.[29][30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The regular series main cast members returned to reprise their roles from the series and the previous 2004 film.[7] In August 2013, casting directors from Marty Siu Casting began casting calls for the background extras for the live action scenes.[31][32] On September 21, 2013, it was reported that Spanish actor Antonio Banderas had been cast for a live-action role as Burger-Beard the pirate.[33][34][35]

text: Animation[edit]

text: The animation for the film was handled overseas by Rough Draft Korea in South Korea.[36] Creative supervisor Vincent Waller said, "We're getting animation back that is looking terrific."[37] The sequel is a combination of traditional animation and live action as its predecessor was,[38][39] and also used computer-generated imagery (CGI) handled by Iloura VFX in Melbourne, Australia to render the characters in 3D.[40][41] Sherm Cohen returned to work on the sequel, when he previously worked on The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie as a character designer and the lead storyboard artist and left the show in 2005.[42] Series animation directors Tom Yasumi and Alan Smart worked on the film's exposure sheets.[43] Most of the character layout crew of the film are from the series.[44]

text: In a preview of upcoming Paramount films held in 2012, it first exhibited the film as a "3D feature film" with "CGI-like animation".[45] Following the release of the SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue, a 3D short film released in early 2013 at the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando, executives also talked of perpetuating the 3D stereoscopy in the film.[46] Director Tibbitt was asked on Twitter concerning what animation technique the film would have, and responded, "[I] don't wanna spoil anything but [it is] mostly 2D."[47]

text: The film contains a stop-motion animation sequence by Screen Novelties.[48][49] The company had previously produced a clay animation scene for the first film, the mixed-media opening for "Truth or Square", and the entirety of the stop-motion special It's a SpongeBob Christmas![50]

text: In March 2014, Paramount screened live-action footage from the film during the National Association of Theatre Owners' CinemaCon. News websites report that the film would be CGI-animated,[51] with an Internet Movie Database staff commenting, "When Paramount announced there would be a new SpongeBob SquarePants movie, the assumption was that it would be animated (like all other incarnations of SpongeBob). The very brief footage from tonight's presentation suggested otherwise—it looked as though this was a CGI/live-action hybrid akin to Alvin and the Chipmunks, Yogi Bear, The Smurfs, etc."[52] In an article published by ComingSoon.net, author Edward Douglas wrote: "The CGI animation just looks weird."[53] Philippe Dauman said that the CGI elements are intended to "refresh and give another boost" to the characters.[54]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film features live-action scenes directed by Mike Mitchell.[55] Filming began on September 30, 2013 and lasted through November 5, 2013, on various locations in Savannah, Georgia and Tybee Island.[56][57][58] The Savannah Film Office first announced that the film would shoot live action scenes in Savannah for 40 days on July 11, 2013.[39] Will Hammargren, location specialist for the Savannah Film Office, said the film was expected to contribute $8 million to the city's economy, including booking at least 5,600 hotel room nights.[59][60]

text: On September 30, 2013, the start of production filming was interrupted when Jay Self was dismissed.[61][62] According to a memorandum from Joe Shearouse, bureau chief of the leisure services department of Savannah, Self was fired for his "failure to properly plan and manage the arrangement for the movie."[61][63] It accused Self of shortcomings surrounding the filming and also cited complaints from local residents of Savannah.[61][63][64][65] Another reported reason for Self's dismissal was a disagreement between Paramount and the Savannah Film Office, about the deal of granting the local businesses to negotiate with Paramount for potential business losses during filming.[66]

text: In preparing the filming location in the downtown, the film crew painted storefronts along Broughton Street to resemble a "beach community" called "Salty Shoals".[59][67][68][69] Jay Self said, "They're trying to make it look like it's right at the seaside."[68] The Jen Library and Trustees Theater, a landmark situated on Broughton Street, of the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) was converted into a sea museum.[67] Paramount first approached SCAD to utilize the Jen Library for a scene back in August 2013.[70] Once SCAD approved, the studio's art department transformed the buildings in choice for the film.[70] It remained open to students during filming, while the "SCAD" letters atop Trustees remained untouched.[70] Other establishments, like flower shops, convenience stores and coffeehouses, were converted to surfing, fudge and buoy shops, respectively.[71] Self said, "The changes are temporary with all buildings scheduled to be restored to their original colors after filming is complete."[68][72]

text: Filming began on October 9 in the downtown where parts of the Broughton Street between Montgomery Street and Habersham Street were closed through October 18.[67][73][74] Prior to October 9, residents were given yellow flyers handed out by the production crew to detail the inconveniences of the filming would have on them.[75] Actor Antonio Banderas appeared as a pirate and was filmed on a pirate ship with wheels for a car chase scene.[67][75][76] At one point, a film crew member caused an accident that damaged a downtown building and rushed a woman to the Candler Hospital.[77][78] William Hammargren, with the Savannah Film Services office, said that Paramount was issued a permit to use motorized vehicles within certain areas closed for filming, but the permit did not extend to the lanes.[77]

text: Filming in the downtown ended on October 18, when a raffle was also held, with City Mayor Edna Jackson announcing the winners.[79] The prizes include: a SpongeBob SquarePants-themed party, bicycles, a vacation at Marshall House, dinner at Savannah Bistro, gift certificates, and a 60-inch television.[79] After filming in the downtown, the production received mixed response from local businesses located in filming areas.[66] A concern raised by business owners was the choice in dates for shooting as October is "a big month for merchants along Broughton."[66] Some merchants suggested February, July, or August as prime filming dates.[66]

text: Filming for the scenes resumed on October 21 on Tybee Island.[79][80] The producers of the film were permitted to film on Tybee Island after meetings held at the Tybee Island City Hall with businesses and residents that imposed concerns about the possible effects of the filming, and also apprehensions about sea turtle safety.[81][82] Musician Slash of the band Guns N' Roses was seen on set at the Tybee Pier for filming, although he does not appear in the final film.[83] The film crew later moved to Strand Avenue for a chase scene with extras on bicycles.[83]

text: Music[edit]

text: Soundtrack EP[edit]

text:
Music from The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water

EP by Various artists

Released
January 27, 2015

Recorded
2014

Genre
Hip hop

Length
10:28

Label

Nickelodeon
Columbia
i Am Other

Producer
Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo

SpongeBob SquarePants chronology

It's a SpongeBob Christmas! Album
(2012)It's a SpongeBob Christmas! Album2012
Music from "The SpongeBob Movie Sponge Out of Water"
(2015)
SpongeBob SquarePants, The New Musical
(2017)SpongeBob SquarePants, The New Musical2017

tag: table

text: It was announced that Pharrell Williams would write a song for the film with his band N.E.R.D, which is titled "Squeeze Me".[84] A five-song EP was released digitally on January 27, 2015.[85]

text:
Music from "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water" - EP

No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Squeeze Me"
N.E.R.D
2:34

2.
"Patrick Star"
N.E.R.D
1:46

3.
"Sandy Squirrel"
N.E.R.D
3:01

4.
"Team Work"
Tom Kenny & Mr. Lawrence
1:07

5.
"Thank Gosh It's Monday"
Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke & Clancy Brown
2:40

text: Original Motion Picture Score[edit]

text: The original score for the film was composed by John Debney.[86] On February 16, 2015, Debney announced via Twitter that Varèse Sarabande would release his score to the film digitally on March 23, 2015 in the UK and March 24, 2015 in the US, along with a physical release on March 31, 2015.[87]

text:
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by John Debney

Released
March 23, 2015

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
48:49

Label
Varèse Sarabande

John Debney chronology

Stonehearst Asylum
(2014) Stonehearst Asylum2014
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
(2015) The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water2015
Careful What You Wish For
(2015) Careful What You Wish For2015

text:
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (Original Motion Picture Score)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Burger Beard on Island"
3:09

2.
"Burger Beard Starts to Read Story"
0:35

3.
"Plankton Attack / Tank Defeat / Giant Robot / Trying to Steal Formula"
4:07

4.
"Torturing Plankton / Refund"
3:18

5.
"Escaping in a Bubble"
2:33

6.
"The End / Get Him"
5:06

7.
"Going to Sleep / Inside SpongeBob's Brain"
2:09

8.
"Getting the Key / Plankton Rescues Karen"
1:53

9.
"Intro Bubbles"
2:08

10.
"Stealing Formula Back / Pirate Ship and Food Truck"
2:53

11.
"My Very Own Food Truck / Sandy Proposes Sacrifice"
1:49

12.
"Bubbles to the Rescue / Beach Search for Krabby Patties"
3:56

13.
"Beachfront Antics / Bike Path Encounters / Home of the Krabby Patty"
2:54

14.
"Story Rewrites / Invincibubble"
2:50

15.
"Chasing Burger Beard / Team Worked"
4:04

16.
"Not So Fast Burger Beard / PlankTON / Real Teamwork"
5:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In March 2012, in regards to consumer products for the film, Dauman stated, "This will be a Nickelodeon-branded movie. We'll license the toys, but we own it."[15] The film's first teaser poster was released on June 10, 2014, along with the announcement of its new title, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.[40] The poster is a nod to the famous Coppertone sunscreen advertisements from the 1950s, in which a dog is seen pulling the bikini bottom off of a blonde girl.[88][89]

text: At the San Diego Comic-Con International held on July 25, 2014, Paramount Pictures released the first footage from the film, as part of their presentation at Hall H, with Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor, hosting the panel.[90] The film's trailer was released on July 31, 2014.[91] Throughout the year, trailers and 15 second teaser posters of the movie were shown.

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water was originally planned for a 2014 release to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the first film.[18] However, Paramount Pictures announced on August 1, 2013, in an article in The Hollywood Reporter, that the film would instead have its official wide release in theaters on February 13, 2015 in North America to avoid competition of the 2014 reboot of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[7][92][93] On June 5, 2014, the film's release date was moved up one week to February 6, 2015 in order to avoid competition with 20th Century Fox's Kingsman: The Secret Service and Universal Pictures' Fifty Shades of Grey, which premiered the following week.[94] The film premiered on January 28, 2015 in Belgium and the Netherlands, and on January 30, 2015 in Iceland, Mexico, and Taiwan.[95]

text: International releases[edit]

text: It was announced on February 24 that Paramount Pictures, in partnership with TG4, would release the film in the Irish language, alongside the English release.[96] This marked the first time a major film studio released an Irish-language version of a movie.[97] SpongeBob - An Scannán: Spúinse as Uisce premiered in Ireland on March 27, 2015.[96]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water was released on Digital HD on May 19, 2015. It was released on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD on June 2, 2015.[98] The cover of the home media releases (excluding the Blu-ray 3D release) and digital releases is the principal theatrical poster. The only difference is that Plankton is on the cover as his super hero alter-ego, Plank-Ton.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water grossed $162.9 million in North America and $162.1 million in other territories for a total gross of $325.1 million worldwide, against a budget of $74 million.[5] It outgrossed the first SpongeBob movie, which made $140.2 million worldwide,[99] and is the second-highest-grossing film based off an animated television show, behind The Simpsons Movie ($527.1 million).[100]

text: Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $99.8 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[101]

text: North America[edit]

text: The film was originally expected to gross around $35 million in its opening weekend;[102][103][104] however, the film exceeded expectations on its opening day.[105][106] In its opening weekend the film grossed $55.4 million, playing in 3,641 theaters, with a $15,206 per-theater average and finishing in first place at the box office. It beat out American Sniper, which grossed $23.3 million, marking the first time in four weeks a film other than American Sniper was the top-grossing film. In its second weekend, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water earned $31.4 million, marking a 43.2% decline, and was overtaken by Fifty Shades of Grey and Kingsman: The Secret Service, dropping to number three. On its third weekend, the film stayed at number three, grossing $16.5 million. In its fourth weekend, the film was number three again, with $10.8 million.[107]

text: Other territories[edit]

text: A week ahead of North America release, the film was released in five markets for the three-day weekend of January 30 in other territories, and earned a gross of $8 million. Six-point-seven million dollars of that came from a strong debut in Mexico.[108] For its second weekend of February 6, 2015, the film earned itself a gross of $16.2 million playing in theaters of 25 markets. The film opened at #1 in Brazil and Spain by grossing $4.6 million and $1.9 million, respectively, while maintaining the top spot at the box office of Mexico by earning $2.4 million.[109] In the UK the film was released on March 27 in time for the Easter school holidays and opened at #3 behind Cinderella and Home.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film scored an approval rating of 80% based on 100 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus read, "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water won't win over many viewers who aren't fans of the show, but for the converted, it's another colorful burst of manic fun."[110] On Metacritic, the film scored of 62 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[111] According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[112]

text: Andrew Barker of Variety praised the film for "never even feigning a lick of seriousness". Although he felt the film was too long and the CGI sequences to be inferior to the traditionally animated ones, he said the film would prove "popular among the franchise's key grade-schooler and head-shop-owner demographics."[113] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter was more negative, saying the film's two animation styles failed "to create a cohesive whole in spite of all the inspired non sequiturs," stating "the live action/CG stuff never satisfyingly jibes with the traditional nautical nonsense down below." He opined that although the film was inferior to the first one, it would likely be a box office success.[114] Barbara VanDenburgh of The Arizona Republic gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying "The plot is straightforward, predictable and slight, no more intricate a plot than a 15-minute TV episode would have. It's the freewheeling madness of its execution that makes the movie such a trip—as in acid trip."[115] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The spirit of the series remains true: cheerfully random jokes, blink-and-you'll-miss-them references and, above all, a silly, stubbornly sentimental streak that only the crabbiest cynic could dismiss."[116] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film three out of five stars, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water weaves a silly—and often funny—spell. It's a scrappy little B-movie that zips along rather entertainingly."[117] Jen Chaney of The Washington Post gave the film two out of four stars, saying "There's something about this project that, despite checking all of the requisite plot and sensibility boxes, doesn't convey as an organic work of SpongeBob-ishness."[118]

text: Nicolas Rapold of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "While less fluid and fresh than its 2004 predecessor, the new film displays enough nutty writing and sheer brio to confirm the stamina of its enduring and skillfully voiced characters."[119] Gwen Ihnat of The A.V. Club gave the film a B+, saying "The visual effects and fast and furious quips combine for that rarest of releases: one that both parents and kids can enjoy (just like the show), leaving viewers of any age hoping that the next SpongeBob movie isn't an entire decade off."[120] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap gave the film a positive review, saying "The jokes are consistently hilarious, with enough variety to tickle the funny bones of old salts and young fishies alike."[121] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film two out of four stars, saying "The live-action elements—mostly in the person of Antonio Banderas as cranky pirate Burger Beard, who spends most of his time addressing a flock of seagulls—don't mesh seamlessly with the animated sequences. It almost feels like two movies awkwardly melded together."[122] John Semley of The Globe and Mail gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water mostly nails what has always made the character, and his brightly coloured underwater world, so endearing: the abundant innocence, the welcome lack of cynicism and the out-and-out stupidity."[123] Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water remains true to the surrealism of its animated television roots. But it also tries to force a live-action element which isn't as comfortable a fit as a certain pair of symmetrical trousers."[124]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie
Paul Tibbitt
Nominated

Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards
BAFTA Kids' Vote - Feature Film
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
Nominated

43rd Annie Awards[125]
Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Brice Mallier, Paul Buckley, Brent Droog, Alex Whyte, Jonothan Freisler
Nominated

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature
Tom Kenny
Nominated

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game featuring a plot set directly after the film, titled SpongeBob HeroPants, was released in North America on February 3, 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS, Xbox 360, and PlayStation Vita.[126] The game is published by Activision. A mobile game, titled The SpongeBob Movie Game: Sponge on the Run, was released on January 22, 2015 for iOS and Android. It is an endless running game based on the film, featuring several mini games.[127]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In a February 2015 interview discussing the film's financial success, Megan Collison, president of worldwide distribution and marketing at Paramount, stated the possibility of a third film was "a good bet".[128] In another interview, Paramount vice chairman Rob Moore remarked, "Hopefully, it won't take 10 years to make another film."[129] On April 30, 2015, via Twitter, Viacom announced a third SpongeBob SquarePants film was in development.[130] On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, Vincent Waller confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that Paul Tibbitt was confirmed to return as director from a story by him and Kyle McCulloch.[131] It was announced in November 2015, the film will be released on February 8, 2019,[132] but the release date was moved to an unspecified date for March 2019.[133] On November 11, 2015, Waller confirmed via Twitter that the film will be mostly traditionally animated with CGI/live-action sequences.[134] Screenwriters Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger said in a January 2016 interview that they are working on the third SpongeBob movie.[135] Storyboard artist Bob Camp said in an April 2016 interview that cartoonist John Kricfalusi is developing a new Ren & Stimpy cartoon to precede the movie;[136] however, Kricfalusi denied on Twitter that he's making a cartoon.[137] In March 2017 at CinemaCon, it was announced that the movie has been delayed to August 2, 2019.[8] On March 28, 2017, Yahoo! Movies reported on its Twitter feed that the movie had been given the final title of The SpongeBob Movie;[138] current showrunner Waller later suggested that this was a placeholder title.[139]


document_title: Immunity (medical)

question_text: what specific type of acquired immunity vaccines provide

text: Immunity (medical)

text: Innate and adaptive[edit]

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text: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful microorganisms from entering it. Immunity involves both specific and nonspecific components. The nonspecific components act as barriers or eliminators of a wide range of pathogens irrespective of their antigenic make-up. Other components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new disease encountered and can generate pathogen-specific immunity.[1]

text: An immune system may contain innate and adaptive components. The innate system in mammalians, for example, is composed of primitive bone marrow cells that are programmed to recognise foreign substances and react. The adaptive system is composed of more advanced lymphatic cells that are programmed to recognise self-substances and don't react. The reaction to foreign substances is etymologically described as inflammation, meaning to set on fire. The non-reaction to self-substances is described as immunity, meaning to exempt or as immunotolerance. These two components of the immune system create a dynamic biological environment where "health" can be seen as a physical state where the self is immunologically spared, and what is foreign is inflammatorily and immunologically eliminated. "Disease" can arise when what is foreign cannot be eliminated or what is self is not spared.

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Innate immunity, also called native immunity, exists by virtue of an organisms constitution, that is its genetic make-up, without an external stimulation or a previous infection. It is divided into two types:
(a) Non-Specific innate immunity, a degree of resistance to all infections in general.
(b) Specific innate immunity, a resistance to a particular kind of microorganism only. As a result, some races, particular individuals or breeds in agriculture do not suffer from certain infectious diseases.

text: Adaptive immunity can be sub-divided depending on how the immunity was introduced in 'naturally acquired' through chance contact with a disease-causing agent, whereas 'artificially acquired immunity' develops through deliberate actions such as vaccination. Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether the host built up immunity itself by antigen as 'active immunity'  and lasts long-term, sometimes lifelong. 'Passive immunity' is acquired through transfer (injection or infusion) of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host; it is short lived—usually lasting only a few months. The diagram below summarizes these divisions of immunity.

text: Adaptive immunity can also be divided by the type of immune mediators involved; humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, whereas cell mediated immunity involves T-lymphocytes alone. Humoral immunity is called active when the organism generates its antibodies, and passive when antibodies are transferred between individuals or species. Similarly, cell-mediated immunity is active when the organisms’ T-cells are stimulated, and passive when T cells come from another organism.[2]

text: History of theories[edit]

text: The concept of immunity has intrigued mankind for thousands of years. The prehistoric view of disease was that supernatural forces caused it, and that illness was a form of theurgic punishment for "bad deeds" or "evil thoughts" visited upon the soul by the gods or by one's enemies.[3] Between the time of Hippocrates and the 19th century, when the foundations of the scientific methods were laid, diseases were attributed to an alteration or imbalance in one of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile or black bile).[4] Also popular during this time before learning that communicable diseases came from germs/microbes was the miasma theory, which held that diseases such as cholera or the Black Plague were caused by a miasma, a noxious form of "bad air".[3] If someone were exposed to the miasma in a swamp, in evening air, or breathing air in a sickroom or hospital ward, they could get a disease.

text: The modern word "immunity" derives from the Latin immunis, meaning exemption from military service, tax payments or other public services.[5] The first written descriptions of the concept of immunity may have been made by the Athenian Thucydides who, in 430 BC, described that when the plague hit Athens: "the sick and the dying were tended by the pitying care of those who had recovered, because they knew the course of the disease and were themselves free from apprehensions. For no one was ever attacked a second time, or not with a fatal result".[5] The term "immunes", is also found in the epic poem "Pharsalia" written around 60 B.C. by the poet Marcus Annaeus Lucanus to describe a North African tribe's resistance to snake venom.[4]

text: The first clinical description of immunity which arose from a specific disease-causing organism is probably Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah ('A Treatise on Smallpox and Measles', translated 1848[6]) written by the Islamic physician Al-Razi in the 9th century. In the treatise, Al Razi describes the clinical presentation of smallpox and measles and goes on to indicate that exposure to these specific agents confers lasting immunity (although he does not use this term).[4] The first scientist who developed a full theory of immunity was Ilya Mechnikov after he revealed phagocytosis in 1882. With Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease, the fledgling science of immunology began to explain how bacteria caused disease, and how, following infection, the human body gained the ability to resist further infections.[5]

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The birth of active immunotherapy may have begun with Mithridates VI of Pontus.[7] To induce active immunity for snake venom, he recommended using a method similar to modern toxoid serum therapy, by drinking the blood of animals which fed on venomous snakes.[7] According to Jean de Maleissye, Mithridates assumed that animals feeding on venomous snakes acquired some detoxifying property in their bodies, and their blood must contain attenuated or transformed components of the snake venom. The action of those components might be strengthening the body to resist against the venom instead of exerting a toxic effect. Mithridates reasoned that, by drinking the blood of these animals, he could acquire the similar resistance to the snake venom as the animals feeding on the snakes.[7]  Similarly, he sought to harden himself against poison and took daily sub-lethal doses to build tolerance. Mithridates is also said to have fashioned a 'universal antidote' to protect him from all earthly poisons.[4]  For nearly 2000 years, poisons were thought to be the proximate cause of disease, and a complicated mixture of ingredients, called Mithridate, was used to cure poisoning during the Renaissance.[4] An updated version of this cure, Theriacum Andromachi, was used well into the 19th century.[8]
In 1888 Emile Roux and Alexandre Yersin isolated diphtheria toxin, and following the 1890 discovery by Behring and Kitasato of antitoxin based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, the antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic Immunology.[4]

text: In Europe, the induction of active immunity emerged in an attempt to contain smallpox. Immunization, however, had existed in various forms for at least a thousand years.[5] The earliest use of immunization is unknown, however, around 1000 A.D. the Chinese began practicing a form of immunization by drying and inhaling powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.[5]  Around the fifteenth century in India, the Ottoman Empire, and east Africa, the practice of inoculation (poking the skin with powdered material derived from smallpox crusts) became quite common.[5] This practice was first introduced into the west in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.[5] In 1798, Edward Jenner introduced the far safer method of deliberate infection with  cowpox virus, (smallpox vaccine), which caused a mild infection that also induced immunity to smallpox. By 1800 the procedure was referred to as vaccination. To avoid confusion, smallpox inoculation was increasingly referred to as variolation, and it became common practice to use this term without regard for chronology. The success and general acceptance of Jenner's procedure would later drive the general nature of vaccination developed by Pasteur and others towards the end of the 19th century.[4] In 1891, Pasteur widened the definition of vaccine in honour of Jenner and it then became essential to qualify the term, by referring to polio vaccine, measles vaccine etc.

text: Passive[edit]

text: Passive immunity is the transfer of active immunity, in the form of readymade antibodies, from one individual to another.  Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the foetus through the placenta, and can also be induced artificially, when high levels of human (or horse) antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals. Passive immunization is used when there is a high risk of infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response, or to reduce the symptoms of ongoing or immunosuppressive diseases.[9] Passive immunity provides immediate protection, but the body does not develop memory, therefore the patient is at risk of being infected by the same pathogen later.[10]

text: Naturally acquired[edit]

text: Maternal passive immunity is a type of naturally acquired passive immunity, and refers to antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus by its mother during pregnancy. Maternal antibodies (MatAb) are passed through the placenta to the fetus by an FcRn receptor on placental cells. This occurs around the third month of gestation. IgG is the only antibody isotype that can pass through the placenta. Passive immunity is also provided through the transfer of IgA antibodies found in breast milk that are transferred to the gut of the infant, protecting against bacterial infections, until the newborn can synthesize its antibodies. Colostrum present in mothers milk is an example of active immunity. [10]

text: Artificially acquired[edit]

text: Artificially acquired passive immunity is a short-term immunization induced by the transfer of antibodies, which can be administered in several forms; as human or animal blood plasma, as pooled human immunoglobulin for intravenous (IVIG) or intramuscular (IG) use, and in the form of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Passive transfer is used prophylactically in the case of immunodeficiency diseases, such as hypogammaglobulinemia.[11] It is also used in the treatment of several types of acute infection, and to treat poisoning.[9] Immunity derived from passive immunization lasts for only a short period of time, and there is also a potential risk for hypersensitivity reactions, and serum sickness, especially from gamma globulin of non-human origin.[10]

text: The artificial induction of passive immunity has been used for over a century to treat infectious disease, and before the advent of antibiotics, was often the only specific treatment for certain infections. Immunoglobulin therapy continued to be a first line therapy in the treatment of severe respiratory diseases until the 1930s, even after sulfonamide lot antibiotics were introduced.[11]

text: Transfer of activated T-cells[edit]

text: Passive or "adoptive transfer" of cell-mediated immunity, is conferred by the transfer of "sensitized" or activated T-cells from one individual into another. It is rarely used in humans because it requires histocompatible (matched) donors, which are often difficult to find. In unmatched donors this type of transfer carries severe risks of graft versus host disease.[9] It has, however, been used to treat certain diseases including some types of cancer and immunodeficiency. This type of transfer differs from a bone marrow transplant, in which (undifferentiated) hematopoietic stem cells are transferred.

text: Active[edit]

text: When B cells and T cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T- cells develop, and the primary immune response results.  Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells will "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and can mount a strong secondary response if the pathogen is detected again. The primary and secondary responses were first described in 1921 by English immunologist Alexander Glenny[12]  although the mechanism involved was not discovered until later.This type of immunity is both active and adaptive because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges. Active immunity often involves both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity as well as input from the innate immune system.

text: Naturally acquired[edit]

text: Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen and develops a primary immune response, which leads to immunological memory.[9] This type of immunity is "natural" because deliberate exposure does not induce it. Many disorders of immune system function can affect the formation of active immunity such as immunodeficiency (both acquired and congenital forms) and immunosuppression.

text: Artificially acquired[edit]

text: Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains antigen. A vaccine stimulates a primary response against the antigen without causing symptoms of the disease.[9] Richard Dunning coined the term vaccination, a colleague of Edward Jenner, and adapted by Louis Pasteur for his pioneering work in vaccination. The method Pasteur used entailed treating the infectious agents for those diseases, so they lost the ability to cause serious disease. Pasteur adopted the name vaccine as a generic term in honor of Jenner's discovery, which Pasteur's work built upon.

text: In 1807, Bavaria became the first group to require that their military recruits be vaccinated against smallpox, as the spread of smallpox was linked to combat.[13] Subsequently, the practice of vaccination would increase with the spread of war.

text: There are four types of traditional vaccines:[14]

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Inactivated vaccines are composed of micro-organisms that have been killed with chemicals and/or heat and are no longer infectious. Examples are vaccines against flu, cholera, plague, and hepatitis A. Most vaccines of this type are likely to require booster shots.
Live, attenuated vaccines are composed of micro-organisms that have been cultivated under conditions which disable their ability to induce disease.  These responses are more durable and do not generally require booster shots. Examples include yellow fever, measles, rubella, and mumps.
Toxoids are inactivated toxic compounds from micro-organisms in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) cause illness, used prior to an encounter with the toxin of the micro-organism.  Examples of toxoid-based vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria.
Subunit vaccines are composed of small fragments of disease-causing organisms. A characteristic example is the subunit vaccine against Hepatitis B virus.

text: Most vaccines are given by hypodermic or intramuscular injection as they are not absorbed reliably through the gut.  Live attenuated polio and some typhoid and cholera vaccines are given orally in order to produce immunity based in the bowel.