document_title: Diwali

question_text: what is the spelling of diwali in hindi

question_tokens: what is the spelling of diwali in hindi

text: Diwali

text: Etymology and nomenclature

text:
Diwali celebrations

Indoor Diya decoration on Naraka Chaturdasi night

Outdoor Diya decoration on Diwali night

Diwali lanterns before Dhanteras in Maharashtra

As Tihar in Nepal

Diwali and Bandi Chhor Divas celebrations in Amritsar

Diwali night fireworks over a city (Chennai)

Diwali Mithai (sweets)

Diwali lamps

Diwali festivities include a celebration of sights, sounds, arts and flavors. The festivities vary between different regions.[10][21][22]

text: Diwali (English: /dɪˈwɑːliː/)[4] or Sanskrit dīpāvali means "series of lights",[23] and is derived from dīpam "light, lamp" and oli "glow of light". Diwali is also known as dīpotsavam "festival of lights".

text: The holiday is known as dipawoli in Assamese: দীপাৱলী, dipaboli or dipali in Bengali: দীপাবলি/দীপালি, divāḷi in Gujarati: દિવાળી, divālī in Hindi: दिवाली, dīpavaḷi in Kannada: ದೀಪಾವಳಿ, Konkani: दिवाळी, Malayalam: ദീപാവലി, Marathi: दिवाळी, dipābali in Odia: ଦିପାବଳୀ, dīvālī in Punjabi: ਦੀਵਾਲੀ, diyārī in Sindhi: दियारी, 'tīpāvaḷi in Tamil: தீபாவளி, and Telugu: దీపావళి, Galungan in Balinese and Swanti in Nepali: स्वन्ति or tihar in Nepali: तिहार, Thudar Parba(ತುಡರ್ ಪರ್ಬ) in Tulu: {{{1}}}.

text: History

text: Diwali dates back to ancient times in India, as a festival after the summer harvest in the Hindu calendar month of Kartika. The festival is mentioned in Sanskrit texts such as the Padma Purana, the Skanda Purana both completed in second half of 1st millennium AD but believed to have been expanded from a core text from an earlier era. The diyas (lamps) are mentioned in Skanda Purana to symbolically represent parts of the sun, the cosmic giver of light and energy to all life, who seasonally transitions in the Hindu calendar month of Kartik.[21][24]

text: Hindus in some regions of India associate Diwali with the legend of Yama and Nachiketa on Kartika amavasya (Diwali night).[25] The Nachiketa story about right versus wrong, true wealth versus transient wealth, knowledge versus ignorance is recorded in Katha Upanishad composed in 1st millennium BC.[26]

text: King Harsha in the 7th century Sanskrit play Nagananda mentions Deepavali as Deepapratipadutsava (Deepa = light, pratipada = first day, utsava = festival), where lamps were lit and newly engaged brides and grooms were given gifts.[27][28] Rajasekhara referred to Deepavali as Dipamalika in his 9th century Kavyamimamsa, wherein he mentions the tradition of homes being whitewashed and oil lamps decorating homes, streets and markets in the night.[27] The Persian traveller and historian Al Biruni, in his 11th century memoir on India, wrote of Deepavali being celebrated by Hindus on New Moon day of the month of Kartika.[29]

text: Significance

text:
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text: Diwali is one of the happiest holidays in India and Nepal with significant preparations. People clean their homes and decorate them for the festivities. Diwali is one of the biggest shopping seasons in India and Nepal; people buy new clothes for themselves and their families, as well as gifts, appliances, kitchen utensils, even expensive items such as cars and gold jewellery.[30] People also buy gifts for family members and friends which typically include sweets, dry fruits, and seasonal specialties depending on regional harvest and customs. It is also the period when children hear ancient stories, legends about battles between good and evil or light and darkness from their parents and elders. Girls and women go shopping and create rangoli and other creative patterns on floors, near doors and walkways. Youth and adults alike help with lighting and preparing for patakhe (fireworks).[22][31]

text: There is significant variation in regional practices and rituals. Depending on the region, prayers are offered before one or more deities, with most common being Lakshmi – the goddess of wealth and prosperity. On Diwali night, fireworks light up the neighborhood skies. Later, family members and invited friends celebrate the night over food and sweets.[22][31]

text: Spiritual significance

text: Diwali is celebrated by Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs and Newar Buddhists[19] to mark different historical events and stories, but they all symbolise the victory of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, good over evil, hope over despair.[7][8][32]

text: The mythical stories told for Diwali vary regionally and within the traditions of Hinduism.[33] Yet, they all point to joy and the celebration of Diwali with lights to be a reminder of the importance of knowledge, self inquiry, self-improvement, knowing and seeking the good and the right path. It is a metaphor for resisting evil, for dispelling darkness and for compassion to others.[34] Diwali is the celebration of this inner light over spiritual darkness,[35] of knowledge over ignorance and right over wrong.[36][37] It is a festive restatement of the Hindu belief that the good ultimately triumphs over evil.[38]

text: Hinduism

text: The religious significance of Deepavali varies regionally within India, depending on the school of Hindu philosophy, regional, legends, and beliefs.[7][33]

text: Hindus across the world celebrate Diwali in honor of the return of Lord Rama, wife Sita, brother Lakshmana and lord Hanuman to Ayodhya from exile of 14 years after Rama defeated Ravana. To honor and celebrate Lord Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman returning from Sri Lanka and to illuminate their path, villagers light Diyas to celebrate the triumph of good over evil.[39] For some, Diwali also celebrates the return of Pandavas after 12 years of Vanvas and one year of "Agyatavas" in Mahabharata. Furthermore, Deepavali is linked to the celebration of Lakshmi, who is venerated amongst Hindus as the goddess of wealth and prosperity and is the wife of Lord Vishnu. The 5-day festival of Diwali begins on the day Goddess Lakshmi was born from the churning of cosmic ocean of milk by the Devas (gods) and the Asuras (demons); while the night of Diwali is the day Lakshmi chose Vishnu as her husband and they were married.[21][40] Along with Lakshmi, devotees make offerings to Ganesha, who symbolizes ethical beginnings and fearless remover of obstacles; Saraswati, who embodies music, literature and learning and Kubera, who symbolizes book-keeping, treasury and wealth management.[21] Other Hindus believe that Diwali is the day Vishnu came back to Lakshmi and their abode in the Vaikuntha; so those who worship Lakshmi receive the benefit of her good mood, and therefore are blessed with mental, physical and material wellbeing during the year ahead.[41]

text: Hindus in India's eastern region, such as Odisha and West Bengal, worship the goddess Kali instead of Lakshmi, and call the festival Kali Puja.[42][43] In India's Braj and north central regions, the god Krishna is recognized. People mark Mount Govardhan, and celebrate legends about Krishna. In other regions, the feast of Govardhan Puja (or Annakoot) is celebrated, with 56 or 108 different cuisines prepared, offered to Krishna, then shared and celebrated by the local community.

text: In West and certain Northern parts of India, the festival of Diwali marks the start of a new Hindu year.

text: Sikhism

text: Diwali for Sikhs marks the Bandi Chhor Divas, when Guru Har Gobind freed himself and some Hindu Rajahs, from the Gwalior Fort, from the prison of the Mughal emperor, Jahangir, and arrived at the Golden Temple in Amritsar. Ever since then, Sikhs celebrate Bandi Choorh Divas, with the annual lighting up of Golden Temple, fireworks and other festivities. In the post-Guru Gobind Singh era, Sarbat Khalsa used to meet on Diwali and Baisakhi to discuss important issues concerning Sikh community.[44]

text: Jainism

text: Diwali has special significance in Jainism. Mahavira, the last of the Tirthankar of this era, attained Nirvana on this day at Pavapuri on 15 October 527 BCE, on Kartik Krishna Amavasya. According to the Kalpasutra by Acharya Bhadrabahu, 3rd century BC, many gods were present there, illuminating the darkness.[45] Therefore, Jains celebrate Diwali as a day of remembering Mahavira. On Diwali morning, Nirvan Ladoo is offered after praying to Mahavira in all Jain temples all across the world. Gautam Gandhar Swami, the chief disciple of Mahavira achieved omniscience(Kevala Gyan) later the same day.[citation needed]

text: Buddhism

text: The Newar people in Nepal, who are Buddhist and revere various deities in the Vajrayana tradition, celebrate the festival by worshipping Lakshmi.[19][20] The Newar Buddhists in Nepalese valleys celebrate the Diwali festival over five days, in the same way and on the same days as the Hindu Diwali-Tihar festival.[46] According to some scholars, this traditional celebration by Newar Buddhists in Nepal, involving Lakshmi and Vishnu during Diwali, reflects the freedom granted in the Mahayana Buddhism tradition to worship any deity for their worldly betterment.[19]

text: Description and rituals

text: Diwali is a five-day festival in many regions of India, with Diwali night centering on the new moon – the darkest night – at the end of the Hindu lunar month of Ashvin and the start of the month of Kartika. In the Common Era calendar, Diwali typically falls towards the end of October, or first half of November each year. The darkest night of autumn lit with diyas, candles and lanterns, makes the festival of lights particularly memorable.[11] Diwali is also a festival of sounds and sights with fireworks and rangoli designs; the festival is a major celebration of flavors with feasts and numerous mithai (sweets, desserts),[23] as well as a festival of emotions where Diwali ritually brings family and friends together every year.[22][31]

text: Rituals and preparations for Diwali begin days or weeks in advance. The festival formally begins two days before the night of Diwali, and ends two days thereafter. Each day has the following rituals and significance:[21][47][48]

text: Dhanteras (Day 1)

text: Dhanteras (celebrated in Northern and Western part of India) starts off the five day festival. Starting days before and through Dhanteras, houses and business premises are cleaned, renovated and decorated. Women and children decorate entrances with Rangoli – creative colourful floor designs both inside and in the walkways of their homes or offices. Boys and men get busy with external lighting arrangements and completing all renovation work in progress. For some, the day celebrates the churning of cosmic ocean of milk between the forces of good and forces of evil; this day marks the birthday of Lakshmi – the Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity, and the birthday of Dhanvantari – the God of Health and Healing. On the night of Dhanteras, diyas (lamps) are ritually kept burning all through the nights in honor of Lakshmi and Dhanvantari.[21][40][49]

text: Dhanteras is also a major shopping day, particularly for gold or silver articles. Merchants, traders and retailers stock up, put articles on sale, and prepare for this day. Lakshmi Puja is performed in the evening. Some people decorate their shops, work place or items symbolizing their source of sustenance and prosperity.[citation needed]

text: Naraka Chaturdasi (Day 2)

text: Narak Chaturdasi is the second day of festivities, and is also called Choti Diwali. The Hindu literature narrates that the asura (demon) Narakasura was killed on this day by Krishna, Satyabhama and Kali. The day is celebrated by early morning religious rituals and festivities followed on. This day is commonly celebrated as Diwali in Tamil Nadu, Goa and Karnataka. Typically, house decoration and colourful floor patterns called rangoli are made on or before Narak Chaturdasi. Special bathing rituals such as a fragrant oil bath are held in some regions, followed by minor pujas. Women decorate their hands with henna designs. Families are also busy preparing homemade sweets for main Diwali.

text: Lakshmi Puja (Day 3)

text: The third day is the main festive day. People wear new clothes or their best outfits as the evening approaches. Then diyas are lit, pujas are offered to Lakshmi, and to one or more additional deities depending on the region of India; typically Ganesha, Saraswati, and Kubera.[21] Lakshmi symbolises wealth and prosperity, and her blessings are invoked for a good year ahead.[50]

text: Lakshmi is believed to roam the earth on Diwali night. On the evening of Diwali, people open their doors and windows to welcome Lakshmi, and place diya lights on their windowsills and balcony ledges to invite her in. On this day, the mothers who work hard all year, are recognized by the family and she is seen to embody a part of Lakshmi, the good fortune and prosperity of the household.[23] Small earthenware lamps filled with oil are lighted and placed in rows by some Hindus along the parapets of temples and houses. Some set diyas adrift on rivers and streams. Important relationships and friendships are also recognized during the day, by visiting relatives and friends, exchanging gifts and sweets.[8][9][51]

text: After the puja, people go outside and celebrate by lighting up patakhe (fireworks). The children enjoy sparklers and variety of small fireworks, while adults enjoy playing with ground chakra, Vishnu chakra, flowerpots (anaar), sutli bomb, chocolate bomb, rockets and bigger fireworks.[52] The fireworks signify celebration of Diwali as well a way to chase away evil spirits.[53][54] After fireworks, people head back to a family feast, conversations and mithai (sweets, desserts).[21]

text: Padwa, Balipratipada (Day 4)

text: The day after Diwali, is celebrated as Padwa. This day ritually celebrates the love and mutual devotion between the wife and husband.[21] The husbands give thoughtful gifts, or elaborate ones to respective spouses. In many regions, newly married daughters with their husbands are invited for special meals. Sometimes brothers go and pick up their sisters from their in-laws home for this important day. The day is also a special day for the married couple, in a manner similar to anniversaries elsewhere in the world. The day after Diwali devotees perform Goverdhan puja in honor of Lord Krishna.

text: Diwali also marks the beginning of new year, in some parts of India, where the Hindu Vikram Samvat calendar is popular. Merchants and shopkeepers close out their old year, and start a new fiscal year with blessings from Lakshmi and other deities.

text: Bhai Duj, Bhaiya Dooji (Day 5)

text: The last day of the festival is called Bhai dooj (Brother's second) or Bhai tika in Nepal, where it is the major day of the festival. It celebrates the sister-brother loving relationship, in a spirit similar to Raksha Bandhan but with different rituals. The day ritually emphasizes the love and lifelong bond between siblings. It is a day when women and girls get together, perform a puja with prayers for the well being of their brothers, then return to a ritual of food-sharing, gift-giving and conversations. In historic times, this was a day in autumn when brothers would travel to meet their sisters, or bring over their sister's family to their village homes to celebrate their sister-brother bond with the bounty of seasonal harvests.[21]

text: Festival of peace

text: On this festive occasion, Hindu, Jain and Sikh communities also mark charitable causes, kindness, and for peace. For example, at the international border, every year on Diwali, Indian forces approach Pakistani forces and offer traditional Indian sweets on the occasion of Diwali. The Pakistani soldiers anticipating the gesture, return the goodwill with an assortment of Pakistani sweets.[55]

text: Regional variations

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: New Year celebrations

text:
The Marwari New Year is celebrated on the day of the festival of Diwali, which is the last day Krishna Paksha of Ashvin month and also last day of the Ashvin month of Hindu calendar.
The Gujarati New Year is celebrated the day after the festival of Diwali (which occurs in mid-fall – either October or November, depending on the Lunar calendar). The Gujarati New Year is synonymous with sud ekam i.e. first day of Shukla paksha of the Kartik month -, which is taken as the first day of the first month of Gujarati lunar calendar. Most other Hindus celebrate the New Year in the spring – Baisakhi. Gujarati community all over the world celebrates the New Year after Diwali to mark the beginning of a new fiscal year.
The Nepal Era New year is celebrated by the ethnic Newari in the Kathmandu valley. The new year occurs in the fourth day of Diwali. The calendar was used as an official calendar until the mid 19th century. Although, most Nepalese celebrate the traditional new year in April i.e. Baisakhi.

text: Melas

text: To add to the festivals of Diwali, fairs are held throughout India.[56] Melas are found in many towns and villages. A mela generally becomes a market day in the countryside when farmers buy and sell produce, and rural families shop for clothes, utensils and other products. Girls and women dress attractively during the festival. They wear colourful clothing and new jewelry, and their hands are decorated with henna designs.

text: Among the many activities that take place at a fairs are performances by jugglers, acrobats, snake charmers and fortune tellers. Food stalls are set up, selling sweet and spicy foods. There are a variety of rides at the fair, which include Ferris wheels and rides on animals such as elephants and camels. Activities for children, such as puppet shows, occur throughout the day.

text: Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

text: Diwali is celebrated in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on the same day as central, east, west and north India, and the festivities center over two days observed as state holidays – Naraka Chaturthasi and Deepavali Amaavasya (Diwali).[58] The festivities start out at the crack of dawn and carry on well into the night. Most people make a trip to the local temple along with their families to seek the blessings of their respective gods. The night sky is lit up with a scintillating array of noisy fireworks.

text: Diwali is one of the seven most important festivals of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and mainly it is celebrated with name Deepavali. It is very popular with children who celebrate Diwali because of the excitement of bursting firecrackers. Special shops to sell firecrackers are set up in all towns, cities and bigger villages. Some areas host local stage story telling called Hari Katha. Some areas may put a huge Narakasura dummy made with fireworks. This will be burst by a person dressed as Lord Krishna or, more accurately, a costume of Satyabhama, the consort of Lord Krishna, who actually killed the demon Narakasura; an event that is celebrated as Diwali for generations. The evening sky of Diwali is a colourful sight to watch.

text: People clean/white-wash or paint/decorate their homes as it is a very auspicious day; to welcome the goddess of wealth and prosperity i.e. Lakshmi devi to their homes. Homes are lit up with hundreds of diyas and colourful diwali rangolis adorn the doorways. After all this preparation all the members of the family perform the Lakshmi puja. Another custom involves decorating homes with paper figures.

text: Festivities cut across boundaries to move on from the small villages to the big towns, often beginning almost a month before Diwali. Sales of expensive silk saris, jewellery, ornaments, and household goods increase. From the poor to the rich, everyone indulges in the largest shopping spree of the year. Sweets, which are an integral part of any festival in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, are prepared or purchased from shops. The festival is full of messages depicting one or more aspects of human life, relationships, and ancient traditions.

text: In Puranas it was said that, Goddess Durga had taken rest at Vijayawada and the place is named as Indrakeeladri. Deepawali is celebrated with a great joy in Vijayawada. Lighting effect at Prakasam Barrage adds further tourist attraction.

text: Goa and Konkan

text: Diwali begins in Konkan and Goa on the day of Naraka Chaturdashi. The houses are cleaned and decorated with kandeel (known as akashdivo in Konkani), lamps, mango leaves, and marigold flowers. The utensils are made to shine, filled with water, and decorated for the holy bath the following morning. On the eve of Naraka Charurdashi, paper-made effigies of Narakasura, filled with grass and firecrackers symbolizing evil, are made. These effigies are burnt at around four o'clock in the morning. Firecrackers are burst, and people return home to take a scented oil bath. Lamps are lit in a line. The women of the house perform aarti of the men, gifts are exchanged, a bitter berry called kareet is crushed under the feet in token of killing Narkasur, symbolising evil and removal of ignorance. Different varieties of poha and sweets are made and eaten with family and friends.[59] Festivities continue until Tulsi Vivah and lamps are lit every evening. Celebrations include Lakshmi puja on the Diwali day, Krishna puja or Govardhan puja and cattle worship on Balipratipada day, Bhaubeej, and Tulsi vivah.

text: Gujarat

text: In Gujarat the Diwali celebrations take on a number of distinct characteristics.

text: Diwali occurs in the second (dark) lunar fortnight (Krishna Paksha) of the month of Ashvin (Gujarati: "Aaso") and the first (bright) fortnight (Shukla Paksha) of Kartika (Guj: "Kartik"). Aaso is the last month of the Gujarati calendar, and Kartik the first.

text: Celebrations start earlier in Gujarat than in the rest of India, commencing on Agyaras, the 11th day of the Krishna Paksha of Aaso. On the 12th day is Vagh Baras, the festival of the cow and the calf. On the 13th day is Dhanteras, the days Diwali starts in the rest of India. The 14th (elsewhere known as Naraka Chaturdashi in South India and Choti Diwali in the North) is celebrated as Kali Choudas. The 15th (new moon day) is Lakshmi Puja, celebrated throughout India. The next day, the first day of Shukla Paksha of Kartik, is Bestu Varsh, New Year's Day, start of the Gujarati calendar. The 2nd day of Kartik is Bhai Bij, the day Diwali ends. A further celebration takes place on the 5th day of Kartik, Labh Pancham.[60]

text: Karnataka

text: Deepavali is celebrated as a five-day festival in Karnataka, with the third and fourth day called Thali Deepavali (concurs with Diwali, South India date) and Balipadyami Deepavali (the day after) respectively.[61] The Balipadyami is also a state holiday in Karnataka.[62]

text: Known as Deepavali (ದೀಪಾವಳಿ) in Karnataka, it is celebrated on the day before and day following Amavasye (New Moon Day) as Naraka Chaturdashi (before new-moon day) resembling Satyabhama's victory over Narakasura and as Bali Padyami the first day of Kartika masa in remembrance of King Bali. The entire house is cleaned and new clothes are purchased for the entire family which is followed by lighting of oil lamps around the house and bursting firecrackers. The tradition in Kannada families is that all members gather together for the three days celebration. The thirteenth day of the Krishna Paksha is celebrated as "neeru tumbo habba" when the house is cleaned, painted afresh and the vessels are washed, bedecked and filled with fresh water for the festival. The next day is Naraka Chaturdashi, considered very auspicious. In parts of North Karnataka, the women of the house perform Aarti on the men. The next day is Lakshmi mahaapooje on Amavaasye (new-moon day). On the fourth day, the house, especially the entrance, is decorated with flowers and floor decorations to invite king Bali into their homes and do pooja. A special entrance to the home is built, made out of cow-dung (gOmaya) and Sandalwood (siri-chandana). Both materials are revered in Kannada tradition as having divine significance. The day is of special importance to agricultural families as they celebrate Govardhan Pooja on this day.[citation needed] The houses are adorned with Keraka (replica of the Govardhana giri using cow dung) bejewelled with flowers and maize, ragi stalks. Fire-camps are kindled on both Naraka Chaturdashi and Bali Padyami days of Deepavali. The celebration of Deepavali is marked by the lighting of lamps in every courtyard and the bursting of firecrackers. Ravtegh is a special Deepavali delicacy in Bangalore region. Holiges and Chakkulis are prepared in all households.[citation needed]

text: Kerala

text: Diwali or popularly known locally as Deepavali, falls on the preceding day of the New Moon in the Malayalam month Thulam (October–November). The celebrations are based on the legend of Narakasura Vadha – where Sri Krishna destroyed the demon and the day Narakasura died is celebrated as Deepavali.[63] It commemorates the triumph of good over evil. The story of King Bali is also associated with Diwali by Hindus in Kerala.[64]

text: Maharashtra

text: Preparations for Diwali start before the festival with people preparing sweets and savory snacks collectively called 'Faral'. The snacks include Chakali, Laddu, Karanji, Chiwada and other festive foods.

text: In Maharashtra, Diwali starts from Vasubaras which is the 12th day of the 2nd half of the Marathi month Ashvin. This day is celebrated by performing an Aarti of the cow and its calf – which is a symbol of love between mother and her baby.

text: The next day is Dhana Trayodashi. Traders and business people give special importance to this festival. It is also considered an auspicious day for making important purchases, especially metals, including kitchenware and precious metals like silver and gold.

text: This is followed by Naraka Chaturdashi. On this day people get up early in the morning and take their bath before sunrise while stars are still visible. Bathing is an elaborate process on this day with abundant use of utnas, oils and perfumes, and is preceded by an Aarti.

text: The day after Naraka Chaturdashi comes Lakshmi-pooja. It occurs on Amavasya i.e. no moon day. The dark night is illuminated by lamps and at dusk firecrackers are burst. New account books are opened after a pooja. Generally the traders do not make any payments on that day to preserve Lakshmi in home. In every household, cash, jewellery and an idol of the goddess Lakshmi is worshipped. Friends, neighbours and relatives are invited over and celebrations are in full swing.

text: Bali Pratipada is the 1st day of Kartik in the Hindu calendar. It marks the start of Hindu financial year. It is a special day for Husband and wife. The wife puts tilak on her husbands forehead and he gives her an expensive gift. In recent times there is a growing trend of organising a cultural event called Diwali Padwa early in the morning.

text: Bhau-beej – it is the time when the bond of love between a brother and sister is further strengthened. The sister asks God for her brother's(s') long and successful life while she receives presents from her beloved brothers.

text: Odisha

text: In Odisha, the festival is known as Deepavali (Odia: ଦୀପାବଳୀ). The festival day starts with drawing rangolis in front of the house. The rangoli is drawn in the shape of sailboat on the ground in front of the house and is filled with items such as cotton, salt, mustard, asparagus root, turmeric and a wild creeper. Prasad is placed in the central chamber, over which a deepa of a jute stem with cloth wick is lit. This marks the beginning of Puja. Tarpanam – the ritual meant to invoke the spirits of the ancestors. Immediately after the dusk, all members of household gather for lighting Kaunria (pith of the jute plant). A lighted lamp is placed inside an earthen pot that is tied to a pole erected in front of the house. All the members then hold a bunch of jute stick in their hands and light them from the fire from the main deepa and raise the bunch towards the sky chanting the following verse. Then, in the presence of every member of the house, a bundle of the Kaunria is lit during the Puja and raised skywards accompanied with the chant: "Badbadua ho andhaara re aasa aalua re jaa" meaning "O' forefathers come in the dark of the evening, we light your way to the heaven". The significance of the ritual is that we show respect to our ancestors who reinforce their absence from the physical world by our presence.

text: Tamil Nadu

text: Known as Deepavali (தீபாவளி) in Tamil Nadu, it commemorates the death of Narakasura at the hands of Lord Sri Krishna. It is believed that Narakasura, a malevolent demon, tortured common people and they prayed to lord Krishna to defeat him. The people then celebrated Narakasura's defeat with sparklers, lights and firecrackers. This celebration has continued down the generations as Deepavali. In Tamil Nadu, Deepavali falls on the 14th day preceding the amavasya (new moon) in the solar month of Aippasi (ஐப்பசி)[66] [67]. The day begins with an early morning oil bath, wearing new clothes, bursting of firecrackers, visiting Lord Ganesha, Lord Vishnu and Shiva temples. The exchange of sweets between neighbours, visiting relations, and preparing Deepavali special sweets are traditions of the day.

text: Typical Deepavali celebrations begin with waking up early in the morning, before sun rise, followed by an oil-bath. The bathing tradition involves extensive massaging of warm sesame oil containing black pepper corns and betel leaves.[68]. After bath, a home-made medicine known as "Deepavali Lehiyam" [69] is consumed, which is supposed to aid in soothing digestive problems that may ensue because of feasting that occurs later in the day. Sparklers, firecrackers and lights are used extensively, much like the rest of the world where Deepavali is celebrated. Tamil Nadu always celebrates Deepavali on the day of, Naraka Chaturdashi preceding new moon in the month of aippasi. In Tamil Nadu, Deepavali is calculated when chaturdashi prevails during sunrise, precisely at 4am-6am. If chaturdashi prevails after 6am it is not considered. For example, if chaturdashi tithi begins at 2:30 pm the preceding day and ends at 1pm next day, the next day will be celebrated as Deepavali. Unlike much of the rest of India, lamps are not lit on Deepavali in Tamil Nadu. Instead, lamps are lit on the night of Karthikai Deepam, in the Tamil solar month of Karthikai. Also lakshmi puja is not very important. Most important Deepavali ritual is "Kedara gowri vratam" also known as"nombu"(நோன்பு) which would be done by most families on amavasya day. Some families do it on Chaturdashi day [70].

text: Uttar Pradesh

text: Diwali is the most important festival in this state and is celebrated with great vigor and gaiety. Diwali is celebrated in memory of Lord Rama's victory over the demon king Ravana and his subsequent homecoming to Ayodhya after 14 years in exile. People wear colourful clothes throughout the Diwali festival, and enthusiasm is visible over the entire festival. The ghats of Varanasi come alive with thousands of brightly lit earthen lamps. Visitors throng in large numbers to watch this. Fairs and art festivals are held in the state, a venue for fun and shopping. Other celebrations, such as puja, fireworks, sweets and gifts exchange are similar to the rest of India.Diwali is celebrated with pomp and antiquity in Uttar Pradesh. It is celebrated as the Festival of Lights. The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm the children and the old.

text: Braj region

text: In this region, Diwali marks[71] the killing of Narakasura: Celebrated as Naraka Chaturdashi, one day before Diwali, it commemorates the killing of the evil demon Narakasura, who wreaked havoc. In different versions, either Krishna or Krishna's wife Satyabhama killed Narakasura during the Dwapara yuga. The festival is celebrated over six days. It starts with Govatsa Dwadashi. Go means cow and vatsa means calf. Dwadashi means the 12th day. The story associated with this day is that of King Prithu, son of the tyrant King Vena. Because of the ill rule of Vena, there was a terrible famine and earth stopped being fruitful. Prithu chased the earth, who is usually represented as cow, and ‘milked’ her, meaning that he brought prosperity to the land. On second day, people shop for utensils, clothes, gold and other items. The third day is called Chaturdashi, the day on which the demon Narakasura was killed by Krishna – an incarnation of Vishnu. It signifies the victory of good over evil and light over darkness. The day is celebrated with puja, fireworks, and feast. The fourth day, is Diwali night, celebrated like rest of India. The fifth day is Govardhan Puja, celebrated as the day Krishna defeated Indra by the lifting of Govardhana hill to save his kinsmen and cattle from rain and floods. Symbolic mountains of food are prepared representing the Govardhan hill lifted by Krishna, then shared in the community. The last day is Yama Dwitiya where brothers and sisters meet to mark their bond, love and affection for each other. If sister is married and lives in a distant area, the brothers typically visit their sisters’ place on this day and usually have a meal there. The brothers also bring and give gifts to their sisters.

text: West Bengal, Bihar & Assam

text: Kali Puja is light-up night for West Bengal, Mithila region of Bihar and Assam. Kali Puja coincides with the festival of Diwali (pronounced Dipaboli in Bengali), (in Maithili, it is known as Diya-Baati) where people light diyas/candles in memory of the souls of departed ancestors. The goddess Kali is worshipped, not Lakshmi, for whole night on one night during this festival. The festival is popularly called Kali puja, not Diwali. Kali puja is also known by the names of Shyama puja or Nisha puja in parts of the Mithila region and West Bengal. Many people also celebrate this festival by lighting earthen lamps (deeps) which is a significance of Lord ram winning over the evil Ravana.

text: Outside India

text: Deepavali is celebrated around the world, particularly in countries with significant populations of Hindu, Newar Buddhist, Jain and Sikh origin. These include Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Bhutan, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Mauritius, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and other the Caribbean nations, the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States. With more understanding of Indian culture and global migration of people of Indian origin, the number of countries where Diwali/Deepavali is celebrated has been gradually increasing. While in some countries it is celebrated mainly by Indian expatriates, in others it is becoming part of the general local culture. In most of these countries Diwali is celebrated on the same lines as described in this article with some minor variations.[citation needed]

text: It is an official holiday in Fiji,[72] Guyana,[73] India,[6] Malaysia (except Sarawak),[74] Mauritius,[75] Myanmar,[76] Nepal (as Tihar),[77] Singapore,[78] Sri Lanka, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.[79]

text: Australia

text: In Australia, Diwali is celebrated publicly among the people of Indian origin and the local Australians in Brisbane and Melbourne. Diwali at Federation Square has been embraced warmly by the mainstream Victorian population beginning in 2006.[citation needed] The event has now become a part of the Melbourne Arts calendar and is celebrated over a week in the city.

text: Over 56,000 people had visited the Federation square[citation needed] on the last day of the festival last year and had enjoyed the entertaining live music and traditional dances of India, art and crafts as well as the variety of Indian cuisines with the festival culminating in a spectacular fireworks display on the Yarra River.

text: Many iconic buildings in Melbourne including the Victorian Parliament, Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, Melbourne Airport and the Indian Consulate are decorated over this week. Along with this, many outdoor dance performances and super banners immerse the city in Diwali mood in the City and Melbourne Airport. The Diwali event regularly attracts national organizations like AFL, Cricket Australia, White Ribbon, Melbourne Airport and artists from other communities and India. In Sydney, the Sydney Opera House has been annually lit up gold to celebrate the festival since 2014.[81][82]

text: In Brisbane, Diwali celebrations are held annually in the city's Chinatown, Brisbane which is known for its pan-Asian atmosphere.[83]

text: On the Australian external territory of Christmas Island, Deepavali is celebrated alongside many other celebrations common in Australia and Malaysia as well as local celebrations of the island.[84][85]

text: Indonesia

text: The festival in the Hindu culture of Bali that celebrates the victory of good (dharma) over evil (adharma), just like Diwali, is called Galungan.[86] However, the dates and the ritual grammar are derived from the Balinese calendar and culture.

text: Galungan marks the time when the ancestral spirits visit the Earth. The last day of the celebration is Kuningan, when they return. The date is calculated according to the 210-day Balinese calendar. The series of Hindu religious ceremonies that are performed during this ten-day festival period are generally considered to be the most important ones of Hindu Bali. During this period the followers of the Balinese Hindu Dharma religion focus on the importance of living a life based on dharma.[87][88] The most obvious sign of the celebrations are the penjor—bamboo poles with offerings suspended at the end. These are installed by the side of roads.

text: Elsewhere, the Indian Hindus of Tamil descent pray in observance of Diwali, at the Sri Mariamman temple in Medan, North Sumatra. Thousands of Hindus from other regions across Indonesia traveled to the temple to celebrate the holiday.[89] The city government also give a Diwali as facultative holiday for Indian community in Medan.[90]

text: Caribbean

text: In Trinidad and Tobago, communities all over the islands get together and celebrate the festival. One major celebration that stands out is the Diwali Nagar, or Village of the Festival of Lights, located in Chaguanas, Trinidad. It features stage performances by the east Indian cultural practitioners, a folk theatre featuring skits and plays, an exhibition on some aspect of Hinduism, displays by Hindu religious sects and social organisations, nightly worship of Lakshmi, lighting of deeyas, performances by schools related to Indian culture, and a food court with Indian and non-Indian vegetarian delicacies. Thousands of people participate in the island wide festivities. Sports grounds, schools and other public locations such as parks, host Deepavali Celebrations. Deepavali celebrations begin with Lakshmi Pooja and continue with lighting diyas and singing, dancing and sharing meals. The festival culminates with fireworks displays ushering in Diwali.[91]

text: Fiji

text: In Fiji, Deepavali is a public holiday[citation needed] and is a religious event celebrated together by Hindus (who constitute close to a third of Fiji's population), and culturally amongst members of Fiji's races and is a time in the year that is greatly looked forward to. Originally celebrated by imported indentured labourers from the Indian subcontinent during British rule in the then Colony of Fiji during the 19th century, it was set as a holiday at independence in 1970 as the government wished to set aside one religious public holiday each for Fiji's three largest religions, i.e., Christianity, Hinduism and Islam.

text: Deepavali in Fiji is often remarked by people from India as being observed on a larger scale than in India[citation needed], as fireworks and Deepavali related events begin at least a week before the actual day. Another unique feature is the cultural celebration of Deepavali (aside from its traditionally religious celebration) where Fijians of Indian origin or Indo-Fijians, whether Hindu, Christian, Sikh or even Muslim along with the other cultural groups in Fiji celebrate Deepavali as a time for sharing with friends and family as well as signalling the beginning of the Holiday season in Fiji. On the commercial side, Deepavali is a time for many retail sales and giveaways. Deepavali celebrations in Fiji have taken on a flair of its own, markedly different from celebrations on the Subcontinent.

text: Deepavali marks a time for cleaning and buying new and special clothes for the celebrations amongst cultural groups along with dressing up in Saris and other Indian clothing, to work the day before. Homes are cleaned and Oil lamps or diyas are lit. Decorations are made around the home with an array of coloured lights, candles and paper lanterns, as well as the use of religious symbols formed out of coloured rice and chalk. Invitations are made to family, friends and neighbours and houses are opened. Gifts are made and prayers or pooja are made by Hindus. Sweets and vegetable dishes are often eaten during this time and fireworks are fired for days before and after Diwali.

text: Malaysia

text: Deepavali is a federal public holiday throughout Malaysia. In many respects it resembles the traditions followed in the Indian subcontinent. 'Open houses' are held where Hindu Malaysians (of all ethnic groups like Tamils, Telugus and Malayalees) welcome fellow Malaysians of different races and religions to their house for a meal. Diwali in Malaysia has become an occasion for goodwill and friendly ties between religious and ethnic groups in Malaysia. On Deepavali night, Hindus dress up in new clothes, light up diyas (lamps and candles )inside and outside their home, participate in family puja (prayers) typically to Lakshmi.

text: Mauritius

text: Diwali is an official public holiday in Mauritius.[75] About a week before Diwali, many offices, supermarkets and other public buildings are adorned with lights and so are the homes of the people who celebrate this festival. People prepare sweets at home, such as Burfi, ladoo and other Indian inspired sweets, and distribute them to friends and family. Fireworks are lit on this day and prayers are made with special remembrance of Lord Rama, Lord Laxmi and other Hindu gods.

text: Nepal

text: Deepavali is known as "Tihar" or "Swanti". It is celebrated over the same five day period concurrent with Deepavali in India.[92] The traditions vary from those followed in India. On the first day (Kaag tihar), crows are given offerings, considering them to be divine messengers. On the second day (Kukur tihar), dogs are given food for their honesty. After Kaag and Kukur Tihar, Gai Tihar and Goru Tihar is celebrated on the third day, where cow and ox are decorated and fed.[92] Also on the third day, Laxmi puja is performed. This is the last day of the year according to Nepal Sambat, so many of the businessmen clear their accounts on this day and on finishing it, worship goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth. Days before the Laxmi puja, houses are cleaned and decorated; on the day of Laxmi puja, oil lamps are lit near doors and windows. The fourth day is celebrated as new year. Cultural processions and other celebrations are observed in this day. The Newars celebrate it as "Mha Puja", a special ritual in which the body is worshipped to keep it fit and healthy for the year ahead on this day. On the fifth and final day called "Bhai Tika", brothers and sisters meet, garland each other, pray for the other's well being, mark the other's forehead with Tika. The brothers give gifts to their sisters, and sisters feed their brothers.[92]

text: In Nepal, family gathering is more significant during Tihar. People in the community play "Deusi and Bhailo" which is a kind of singing and dancing forming a group. People go to all the houses in the community and play songs and dance, and give blessings to the visited house, whereas the home owner gives gifts like rice, SelRoti, fruits and money. After the festival, people donate some part of the collected money and food to the charity or welfare groups and with the rest of the money and food, they go for a picnic. People also play swing called Dore Ping made out of thick ropes and Pirke Ping or Rangate Ping made out of wood.

text: Among Nepali people, after Lakshmi Puja, young girls assemble in groups of four to ten members on Diwali. They sing/dance and play Bhailo in each village, one by one.The head of the family of each house they visit gives them dakshani as a token. They play until Bhaitika (Bhaiduj). Similarly boys play Deusi. Diwali is rejoicingly celebrated during these days.

text: New Zealand

text: In New Zealand, Deepavali is celebrated publicly among many of the South Asian diaspora cultural groups. A large group that celebrates Diwali in New Zealand are members of the Indo-Fijian communities who have migrated and settled there. There are main public festivals in Auckland and Wellington, with other events around the country becoming more popular and visible. An official reception has been held at the New Zealand Parliament since 2003.[93] Diwali is celebrated by Hindus. The festival signifies the triumph of light over darkness, justice over injustice, good over evil and intelligence over ignorance. Lakshmi Mata is worshiped. Lakshmi Mata is the goddess of light, wealth and beauty. Special Divali foods are barfi and Prasad.

text: Pakistan

text: Diwali was not a public holiday in Pakistan from 1947 to 2016. Diwali along with Holi for Hindus, and Easter for Christians, was adopted as public holiday resolution by Pakistan's parliament in 2016, giving the local governments and public institutions the right to declare Holi as a holiday and grant leave for its minority communities, for the first time.[94][95] Diwali celebrations have been relatively rare in contemporary Pakistan, but observed across religious lines, including by Muslims in cities such as Peshawar.[96]

text: Réunion

text: In Réunion, one quarter of its population are of Indian origin and Deepavali is celebrated by the Hindus.[97]

text: Singapore

text: Deepavali is a gazetted public holiday. Observed primarily by the minority Indian community (Tamils), it is typically marked by a light-up in the Little India district, the heart of the Indian community. Apart from the light-up, other activities such as bazaars, exhibitions, parades and concerts will also take place in Little India. The Hindu Endowment Board of Singapore along with Singapore's government organizes many of these cultural events during this festive period.[99]

text: Sri Lanka

text: This festival, a public holiday in the island nation, is also called "Deepavali" and is celebrated by the Tamil community. On this day, it is traditional for people to take an oil bath in the morning, wear new clothes, exchange gifts, performing Poosai (Pūjā), and a visit to the Koil (Hindu temple) is normal.[note 1] Burning of firecrackers in the evening of the festival is a common practice of this festival. Hindus light oil lamps to invite the blessings of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and to banish any evil from the household for once and for all. The festival is marked by illumination, making of toys of enamel and making of figures out of crystal sugar popularly known as Misiri. Sri Lanka's celebration include many of the traditional aspects of Deepavali such as games, fireworks, singing and dancing; however, the tradition of a large meal, family reunions and fireworks are admirably preserved.

text: United Kingdom

text: In Britain, Indians celebrate Diwali with great enthusiasm. People clean and decorate their homes with lamps and candles. A popular type of candle is a diya. People also give each other sweets such as laddoo and barfi, and the different communities may gather for a religious ceremony and get-together. It is also an important time to contact family in India and perhaps exchange gifts.

text: The festival of Deepavali has begun to find acceptance in the broader British national consciousness as more non-Hindus appreciate and celebrate Hinduism on this occasion. Hindus celebrate all over the UK which also brings an understanding to different cultures for the rest of the community.[101][102] Over the past decade national and civic leaders such as Prince Charles have attended Diwali celebrations at some of the UK's prominent Hindu temples, such as the Swaminarayan Temple in Neasden, using the occasion to commend the Hindu community's contributions to British life.[103][104][105] In 2013, Prime Minister David Cameron and his wife joined thousands of worshipers at the BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir in Neasden to celebrate Diwali and the Annakut festival marking the Hindu New Year.[106] Since 2009, Diwali has been celebrated every year at 10 Downing Street, the residence of the British Prime Minister.[107] The yearly celebration, begun by Gordon Brown and continued by David Cameron, is one of the most anticipated events hosted by the British Prime Minister.[108]

text: Leicester plays host to some of the biggest Diwali celebrations outside of India.[109]

text: United States

text: There are about three million Hindus in the United States.[110] Diwali was first celebrated in the White House by George W. Bush in 2003 and was given official status by the United States Congress in 2007.[111][112] Barack Obama became the first president to personally attend Diwali at the White House in 2009. On the eve of his first visit to India as the president of United States, Obama released an official statement sharing best wishes with "those celebrating Diwali".[113]

text: The Diwali Mela in Cowboys Stadium boasted an attendance of 100,000 people in 2009. In 2009, San Antonio became the first U.S. city to sponsor an official Diwali celebration including a fireworks display; in 2012, over 15,000 people attended.[114] In 2011, The Pierre in New York City, now operated by Tata Group's Taj Hotels, hosted its first Diwali celebration.[115]

text: South Brunswick in New Jersey, Howard County in Maryland, and Meadow School District & Syosset Central School District in New York have declared Diwali as a school holiday.

text: In 2016 – Diwali was commemorated for the first time at the United Nations in New York City.

text: The United States Postal Service issued a Diwali postage stamp on 5 October 2016.[116]

text: Economics of Diwali

text: Diwali marks a major shopping period in India.[14] In terms of consumer purchases and economic activity, Diwali is the equivalent of Christmas in the West or Durga Puja in Bengal. It is traditionally a time when households purchase new clothing, home refurbishments, gifts, gold and other large purchases. The festival celebrates Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and investment, spending and purchases are considered auspicious.[117][118] Diwali is a peak buying season for gold and jewelry in India.[119][120] It is also a major sweets, candy and fireworks buying season. At retail level, about US$800 million (INR 5,000 crores) worth of firecrackers are consumed in India over the Diwali season.[121]

text: Issues

text: There has been growing concern and questions on the environmental and health impact of Diwali, as with other major festivals of the world.

text: Air pollution

text: According to a study done by Barman et al in Lucknow India, the amount of fine (PM2.5) particulates in the air can worsen following firework celebrations, but not during it. High accumulations of particulates produced from fireworks can remain suspended in the air for around 24 hours after their use.[122] Another study indicated that ground-level ozone pollution is also generated by fireworks; their dispersal and decay times is also about one day.[123]

text: The main concern with Diwali has been the excessive amount of crackers being burst, which can lead to serious health issues, including phlegm, lung cancer, asthma amongst many others. A study just before Diwali in 2017 revealed that crackers like Anar, Fuljadi, Chakra etc. are almost 200 times over the WHO standard of PM 2.5 Level. In particular, the Snake Tablet cracker is 2,580 times over the WHO limit.[124] In the immediate aftermath of Diwali, there is always a massive dip in air quality across most of India, especially metropolitan cities like Mumbai and Delhi.[125]

text: On 9 October 2017, the Supreme Court of India banned the sale of fireworks in Delhi, but not their use.[126] The court acted on the belief that banning festive use of fireworks would substantially improve the air quality of Delhi. (2016 Diwali celebrations saw PM2.5 levels easily exceed 30 times the safe level.) Critics state that this decision was a judicial overreach (as one could purchase their fireworks outside of Delhi instead) and that it is a bias against the Hindu culture, while supporters state it will improve public health.[126] It had a somewhat positive impact, with the air quality in Delhi ranked as "very poor" by the CPCB, an improvement from 2016 when the air quality was ranked "severe".[127]

text: Burn injuries

text: There is an increase in burn injuries from fireworks in India during Diwali. A firework called anar (fountain) has been found to cause 65% of the injuries. Adults are the typical victims. Newspapers advise splashing cold water immediately after the burn, which along with proper nursing of the wound helps reduce complications. Most burns are Group I type burns (minor) requiring outpatient care.[128][129]

text: Complaints from dog owners

text: Because the dog is one of the most common domesticated animals around the world, some countries have gone to the liberty of banning festive fireworks in private neighborhoods due to the provocation caused to the dogs. Animal-rights organizations believe the sound of the fireworks trigger the nervous-system in dogs, causing them to become agitated and fearful as well as provoking continuous barking, which the dogs' owners find incredibly disruptive to the peace in the neighborhood.[130]

text: Diwali prayers

text: The prayers vary widely by region of India. An example vedic prayer from Brhadaranyaka Upanishad celebrating lights is:[131][132][133][134]

text:
Asato ma sat gamaya | (असतो मा सद्गमय ।)
Tamaso ma jyotir gamaya | (तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय ।)
Mṛtyor ma amṛtam gamaya | (मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय ।)
Om shanti shanti shantihi || (ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥)

text:
From untruth lead us to Truth.
From darkness lead us to Light.
From death lead us to Immortality.
Om Peace, Peace, Peace.


document_title: List of Baltimore Ravens seasons

question_text: when was the last time the ravens went to the playoffs

root

text: List of Baltimore Ravens seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens are a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division in the National Football League (NFL). The team began play in the 1996 season as a result of former Cleveland Browns team owner Art Modell's decision to move the Browns to Baltimore.

tag: p

text: Overall, the Ravens have won two Super Bowl championships in franchise history: 2000, when the team defeated the New York Giants 34–7 in Super Bowl XXXV; and in 2012, when the team defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34–31 in Super Bowl XLVII.  They are currently the only team to reach the Super Bowl multiple times and never lose an appearance.[1]

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Super Bowl Champions

Conference Champions

Division Champions

Wild Card Berth

tag: table

text:
Franchise records according to Pro-Football Reference.com[2]

Season

Team

League

Conference

Division

Regular season

Post-season results

Awards

Head coaches

Finish

Wins

Losses

Ties

1996

1996

NFL

AFC

Central

5th

4

12

0

Ted Marchibroda

1997

1997

NFL

AFC

Central

5th

6

9

1

Peter Boulware (DROTY)

Ted Marchibroda

1998

1998

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

6

10

0

Ted Marchibroda

1999

1999

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

8

8

0

Brian Billick

2000

2000

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

12

4

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (Broncos) 21–3Won Divisional Playoffs (at Titans) 24–10Won AFC Championship (at Raiders) 16–3Won Super Bowl XXXV (1) (vs. Giants) 34–7

Ray Lewis (DPOTY)  Ray Lewis (SBMVP)

Brian Billick

2001

2001

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

10

6

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Dolphins) 20–3Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 10–27

Brian Billick

2002

2002

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

7

9

0

Brian Billick

2003

2003

NFL

AFC

North

1st

10

6

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Titans) 17–20

List[show]
Jamal Lewis (OPOTY)
Ray Lewis (DPOTY)
Terrell Suggs (DROTY)

Brian Billick

2004

2004

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

9

7

0

Ed Reed (DPOTY)

Brian Billick

2005

2005

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

6

10

0

Brian Billick

2006

2006

NFL

AFC

North

1st

13

3

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 6–15

Brian Billick

2007

2007

NFL

AFC

North

4th

5

11

0

Brian Billick

2008

2008

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

11

5

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Dolphins) 27–9 Won Divisional Playoffs (at Titans) 13–10 Lost AFC Championship (at Steelers) 14–23

John Harbaugh

2009

2009

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

9

7

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Patriots) 33–14 Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Colts) 3–20

John Harbaugh

2010

2010

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

12

4

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Chiefs) 30–7 Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 24–31

John Harbaugh

2011

2011

NFL

AFC

North

1st

12

4

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (Texans) 20–13 Lost AFC Championship (at Patriots) 20–23

Terrell Suggs (DPOTY)Matt Birk (WPMOTY)

John Harbaugh

2012

2012

NFL

AFC

North

1st

10

6

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (Colts) 24–9 Won Divisional Playoffs (at Broncos)  38–35 (2OT)  Won AFC Championship (at Patriots) 28–13  Won  Super Bowl XLVII (2) (vs. 49ers) 34–31

Joe Flacco (SBMVP)

John Harbaugh

2013

2013

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

8

8

0

John Harbaugh

2014

2014

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

10

6

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Steelers) 30–17 Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Patriots) 31–35

John Harbaugh

2015

2015

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

5

11

0

John Harbaugh

2016

2016

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

8

8

0

John Harbaugh

2017

2017

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

9

7

0

John Harbaugh

text: All-time records[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2017 NFL season.

text:
Statistic

Wins

Losses

Ties

Win%

Baltimore Ravens regular season record

190

161

1

.541

Baltimore Ravens post-season record

15

8

—

.652

All-time regular and post-season

205

169

1

.548


document_title: Planned maintenance

question_text: what are the various planned maintenance schedules that are generally used

text: Planned maintenance

text: This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (May 2011)

text: Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred to as simply planned maintenance (PM) or scheduled maintenance, is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, planned maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime.[1]

text: Along with condition-based maintenance, planned maintenance comprises preventive maintenance, in which the maintenance event is preplanned, and all future maintenance is preprogrammed. Planned maintenance is created for every item separately according to manufacturers recommendation or legislation. Plans can be date-based, based on equipment running hours, or on the distance travelled by the vehicle. A good example of a planned maintenance program is car maintenance, where time and distance determine fluid change requirements. A good example of condition-based maintenance is the oil pressure warning light that provides notification that you should stop the vehicle because engine lubrication has stopped and failure will occur.

text: Planned maintenance has some advantages over condition-based maintenance (CBM), such as:

text:
easier planning of maintenance and ordering spares,
costs are distributed more evenly,
no initial costs for instruments used for supervision of equipment.

tag: ul

text: Disadvantages are:

text:
less reliable than equipment with fault reporting associated with CBM
more expensive due to more frequent parts change
requires training investment and ongoing labor costs

text: Parts that have scheduled maintenance at fixed intervals, usually due to wearout or a fixed shelf life, are sometimes known as time-change interval, or TCI items.


document_title: Madam Secretary (TV series)

question_text: who plays the vice president on madam secretary

text: Madam Secretary (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Madam Secretary explores Secretary Elizabeth McCord's life as the determined United States Secretary of State. McCord drives international diplomacy, battles office politics, and circumvents protocol if needed as she negotiates worldwide issues. The show also focuses on the personal lives of the characters.[5][6]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Téa Leoni as Elizabeth "Bess" Adams McCord, the United States Secretary of State. She spent twenty years as a CIA analyst before becoming a professor of political science at the University of Virginia. She was selected by her old boss, Conrad Dalton, who is now the President of the United States, to replace Secretary of State Vincent Marsh, who died in a plane crash.
Tim Daly as Henry McCord, Elizabeth's husband of 25 years. A former Marine captain aviator during Operation Desert Storm and theology professor, his unique blend of skills are sought by the National Security Agency, which engages him as an operative in combating religious extremism. At the end of season 3, Henry is named the head of the CIA Special Activities Division.
Bebe Neuwirth as Nadine Tolliver (seasons 1–4), Elizabeth's chief of staff who had a six-year affair with the deceased Secretary of State, Vincent Marsh, beginning when he was a senator. Originally suspicious and resentful of the new Secretary of State, Nadine soon learns to trust Elizabeth, and the two cultivate a strong working relationship. In season 1, Nadine slowly began to date again, romancing the Administrator of NASA, Glenn, and later fell into a relationship with the recurring political consultant Mike Barnow. In season 4, Nadine leaves the State Department to spend more time with her family.
Željko Ivanek as Russell Jackson, White House Chief of Staff.[7] His primary objective of keeping the President politically secure at home and abroad sets him up for occasional confrontations with Secretary McCord's unorthodox diplomatic maneuvering.
Erich Bergen as Blake Moran, Elizabeth's personal assistant, and the only member of her staff that she hired rather than inherited. After Nadine leaves in season 4 he becomes Elizabeth's acting chief of staff.
Patina Miller as Daisy Grant, Elizabeth's press coordinator. Daisy dates Matt during season 1 but goes on to date other men following their breakup. In season 3 she dates "Kevin" from Budget and Planning, who turns out to be an undercover operative for the CIA investigating the State Department. He is killed in a weapons-trafficking conspiracy, and Daisy subsequently finds herself pregnant with his child.
Geoffrey Arend as Matt Mahoney, Elizabeth's speechwriter. Matt and Daisy dated during season 1, but ended things.
Wallis Currie-Wood as Stephanie "Stevie" McCord, Elizabeth and Henry's older daughter. Stevie attended Lovell University and later Georgetown University and applied to Harvard Law school. Stevie serves as an intern to Russell Jackson and was, for a time, engaged to Jareth Glover. She has an affair with Dmitri Petrov (then undercover) in season 4 that puts her in danger.
Kathrine Herzer as Alison McCord, Elizabeth and Henry's younger daughter. Alison planned to attend Rafferty College to pursue her dreams of fashion and design, but later changed her mind.
Evan Roe as Jason McCord, Elizabeth and Henry's teenage son, a self-proclaimed anarchist. Jason is critical of political systems in general, but in season 1 he was expelled from his school for punching a student who insulted Elizabeth.
Keith Carradine as Conrad Dalton (season 2–present; recurring season 1), the President of the United States. Conrad served in the United States Marine Corps as a second lieutenant during the Vietnam War and was the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency during Elizabeth's time at the CIA. In the third season, Dalton secures reelection as an independent after failing to secure his party's nomination, partly due to a controversial change in policy championed by Elizabeth. He offers Elizabeth the role of Vice President during his campaign, but eventually names someone else in order to further his campaign. Elizabeth remains Secretary of State.
Sebastian Arcelus as Jay Whitman, Elizabeth's current chief of staff and previous senior policy advisor (season 3–present; recurring season 1–2). In season 3, it is revealed that Jay's busy schedule working for the Secretary has strained his marriage. He is currently separated from his wife Abby, who maintains custody of their daughter Chloe. Jay is promoted to chief of staff in season 4.
Sara Ramirez as Kat Sandoval, Elizabeth's Policy Advisor and a former Chief of Staff to the UN Ambassador (season 4)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Johanna Day as Ellen Hill, a retired admiral and the National Security Advisor. She was the first female Chairwoman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff prior to being appointed National Security Advisor.
Tony Plana as Ed Parker, an admiral and member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Francis Jue as Ming Chen, China's Foreign Minister and Elizabeth's Chinese counterpart.
Mandy Gonzalez as Lucy Knox, President Dalton's aide.
Mike Pniewski as Gordon Becker, the United States Secretary of Defense.
Kevin Rahm as Michael "Mike B." Barnow, a political official who is said to drift between the United States Cabinet departments. It is mentioned that he is a Rhodes Scholar, who turned his brilliant legal career into a promising political career that was cut short by a scandalous divorce six years prior to his first appearance before settling into his current job. He is often seen assisting Secretary McCord.
Jason Ralph as Harrison Dalton (season 1–2), son of President Dalton and long-time friend of Stevie McCord. In season 1, it is revealed Harrison has a drug addiction and is color blind. In season 4 it is revealed that he is back in rehab.
Cotter Smith as Darren Hahn (season 1–2), President Dalton's first known National Security Advisor.
Patrick Breen as Andrew Munsey (season 1), the Director of the CIA and a protégé of President Dalton.
Nilaja Sun as Juliet Humphrey (season 1; guest season 3), a former CIA analyst, friend and colleague of Elizabeth and Isabelle.
Usman Ally as Zahed Javani (season 1), Iran's Foreign Minister and Elizabeth's Iranian counterpart.
Dion Graham as Fred Cole (season 1), the Bureau of Diplomatic Security Head Agent who served as Elizabeth's principal bodyguard.
Josh Hamilton as Arthur Gilroy (season 1), Stevie's 39-year-old microloan employer and ex-boyfriend.
Anna Deavere Smith as Mary Campbell (season 1), the United States Attorney General.
Marin Hinkle as Isabelle Barnes (season 1), a CIA analyst and Elizabeth's close friend, who assists the McCords with the investigation of the death of Secretary of State Vincent Marsh.
Yorgo Constantine as Anton Gorev (season 1–2), Russia's Foreign Minister and a friend of both Secretary and Dr. McCord.
Clifton Davis as Ephraim Ware (season 2–present), Director of National Intelligence.
Julian Acosta as Craig Sterling (season 2), a former US Department of Defense official, he becomes National Security Advisor in season 2 much to Elizabeth and Russell's dismay, and rival of Elizabeth's.
Alex Fernandez as Mark Delgado (season 2), the Vice President of the United States.
Angela Gots as Maria Ostrova (season 2), the President of Russia and widow of late Russian President Pavel Ostrov.
Leslie Hendrix as Louise Cronenberg (season 2), the United States Attorney General.
Jill Hennessy as Jane Fellows (season 2), Henry's DIA superior, and a member of Murphy Station; the first Ishbal Jahed task force.
Kobi Libii as Oliver Shaw (season 2; guest season 3), the Cybersecurity Coordinator. Shaw looked into the attack against Air Force One and is the love interest of Daisy Grant in the second season.
Chris Petrovski as Dmitri Petrov (seasons 2 & 4; guest season 3), a 24-year-old Russian Army captain who studied at the National War College. He was recruited by Professor Henry McCord (on behalf of the DIA) to become an American spy in exchange for getting his sick sister medical care in Stockholm, Sweden. Dmitri is captured by the Russians and eventually exchanged to the Americans for another traitor to the state. Following his capture Dmitri feels abandoned by Henry and is very angry and bitter toward him. He is placed into a witness protection program under the name Alexander (Alex) Mehranov. In season 4, he gets recruited by the CIA as an analyst.
Masha King as Talia Petrov, Dmitri's sister who was placed into witness protection with her brother and is now his roommate.
Carlos Gómez as Jose Campos (season 2–3), an Ishbal Jahed task force member.
J. C. MacKenzie as Sam Evans (season 3), the governor of Pennsylvania and the presidential nominee for Dalton's party. Evans is particularly vindictive during the campaign and, following Dalton's victory through a vote in the House of Representatives, threatens to have the vote overturned due to little-known law he claims Elizabeth broke. However, he is manipulated into accepting the terms of the vote after Russel Jackson threatens to expose him for having a gene that makes him likely to develop early-onset Alzheimer's.
René Auberjonois as Walter Novack (season 2–present), a State Department analyst with the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation.
Christopher O'Shea as Jareth Glover, Stevie's fiance from England. He gave up a fellowship at Oxford to return to America to be with Stevie after she had trouble adjusting to life in England. His family is a member of the upper class and even nobility in England. Stevie and Jareth broke up in season 4.
Justine Lupe as Ronnie Baker (season 3), a United States Army captain assigned to United States Cyber Command who assists Elizabeth on several occasions.
Eric Stoltz as Will Adams, Secretary Elizabeth McCord's younger brother and a member of Doctors Without Borders.
Jordan Lage as Kohl, a United States Army general.
Sam Breslin Wright as Dylan Larson, an ex–Army Ranger who has been working for the CIA for seven years as of the start of season 4.
Christine Garver as Molly Reid, a career CIA agent, starting her career as a field agent in Chechnya. She is pregnant and due in a couple months from the start of season 4.

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Yuval David as Matvey Sokolov (season 4), a Russian special agent.
Louis Gossett, Jr. as Laurent Vasseur (season 1, episode 6), a Catholic priest and an old friend of Henry's.
William Allen Young as Steven Cushing (season 1, episode 12), the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State.
Tom Skerritt as Patrick McCord (season 1, episode 13), Henry's father.
Bob Schieffer as himself (season 1, episode 17). Schieffer is the former moderator of Face the Nation.
Morgan Freeman as Frawley, the Chief Justice of the United States (season 2, episode 1; season 3, episode 1; season 4, episode 1).
Madeleine Albright as herself (season 2, episode 2). Albright was the first female U.S. Secretary of State.
Kate Burton as Maureen McCord-Ryan (season 2, episode 13), Henry's sister.
Jane Pauley as herself (season 2, episode 18; season 3, episode 1).
Shivam Chopra as Sanjay (season 1, episode 7).
Stephanie J. Block as Abby, Jay's wife. Block is the real-life wife of Sebastian Arcelus. Mirroring real life, Block had previously given birth to their daughter while Arcelus was filming season 1, episode 17, where Jay's wife also gives birth to a daughter.
Joel de la Fuente as Datu Andrada (season 3, episode 15), the President of the Philippines.
Christine Ebersole as Lydia Dalton, the First Lady.

text: Dalton Cabinet and principal advisors[edit]

text:
The Dalton Cabinet

Office
Name
Term

President
Conrad Dalton (Keith Carradine)
2013–

Vice President
Mark Delgado (Alex Fernandez)
2013–2017

Teresa Hurst (Jan Maxwell/Jayne Atkinson)
2017–

Secretary of State
Vincent Marsh (Brian Stokes Mitchell)
2013–2014

Elizabeth McCord (Téa Leoni)
2014–

Secretary of Treasury
Max Quinn (Michael Cumpsty)
2013–2014

Secretary of Defense
Gordon Becker (Mike Pniewski)
2013–

Attorney General
Mary Campbell (Anna Deavere Smith)
2013–2015

Louise Cronenberg (Leslie Hendrix)
2015–2016

Unknown (Shown in "French Revolution")
2016–2017

Nolan (John Bolton)
2017–

Chief of Staff
Russell Jackson (Željko Ivanek)
2013–

National Security Advisor
Darren Kahn (Cotter Smith)
2013–2015

Craig Sterling (Julian Acosta)
2015–2015

ADM (Ret.) Ellen Hill (Johanna Day)
2016–

Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff
ADM Ellen Hill, USN (Johanna Day)
2013–2015

GEN Kelsey Reeves, US Army (Ralph Byers)
2015–

Director of National Intelligence
Ephraim Ware (Clifton Davis)
2013–

Director of the
Central Intelligence Agency
Andrew Munsey (Patrick Breen)
2013–2015

Sean Williams (Larry Pine)
2015–2015

Dennis Ellerman (John Doman)
2015–2016

Hugh Haymond (Michael Gaston)
2016–

Director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Neil Hendricks (Wayne Duvall)
2013–2016

Keith Doherty (Michael Boatman)
2016–

text: Other officials[edit]

text:
Office
Name
Term

Chief Justice of the United States
Frawley (Morgan Freeman)
2013–

Deputy Secretary of State
Steven Cushing (William Allen Young)
2013–

Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
Susan Thompson (Tonya Pinkins)
2014–

United States Ambassador to Yemen
Paul Wellington (Tim Guinee)
2013–

United States Ambassador to Myanmar
Arlen Maxwell (David Rasche)
2013–2014

United States Ambassador to Algeria
Roy Curtis (Dakin Matthews)
2013–2016

Deputy Director of the FBI
Marguerite Sanchez (Rosyln Ruff)
2013–

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Glenn (John Pankow)
2013–

Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board
Humphrey Nelson (Alfredo Narciso)
2013–

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
22
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)

2
23
October 4, 2015 (2015-10-04)
May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)

3
23
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)

4
22
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Canada, the series airs on Global at the same time as the original broadcast.[8] In Finland, it premiered January 1, 2016, on MTV3.[9] The series has been popular in Finland: 11% of Finnish people watched the first episode.[10] In Australia, it premiered on October 2, 2014 on Network Ten.[11] On October 23, 2014, it was announced that it will air on Sky Living in the United Kingdom, along with new formats to air TV3 in Ireland, and other international channels.[12] The series launched in the United Kingdom on April 23, 2015.[13] It is broadcast on Sony Channel Asia.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Timeslot (ET)
Original airing
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

Season premiere
Season finale
TV season

1
22
Sunday 8:00 pm
September 21, 2014
May 3, 2015
2014–2015
No. 10
14.17[14]

2
23
October 4, 2015
May 8, 2016
2015–2016
No. 14
12.39[15]

3
23
Sunday 9:00 pm
October 2, 2016
May 21, 2017
2016–2017
No. 18
10.92[16]

4
22
Sunday 10:00 pm
October 8, 2017
May 20, 2018
2017–2018

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Madam Secretary has been met with generally positive reviews from TV critics. On Metacritic, the show has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[17] On Rotten Tomatoes, the show holds a rating of 66%, based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus reads, "Bolstered by Tea Leoni's strong central performance, Madam Secretary is a solid but unspectacular political drama."[18]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Three women have served as Secretary of State to date: Madeleine Albright from 1997 to 2001 under Bill Clinton, Condoleezza Rice from 2005 to 2009 under George W. Bush, and Hillary Clinton from 2009 to 2013 under Barack Obama. Shortly after the series' debut, Fox News asked if the show therefore served as a campaign ad supporting Hillary Clinton, but quoted the Los Angeles Times saying the lead character was "no Hillary knockoff" and a New York publicist calling the casting of a woman "simple business and smart on CBS' behalf". Conservative activist organization Culture and Media Institute, however, said the connection was clear, citing the women's blond hair and pantsuits.[19]

text: When the trailer of the fifteenth episode of Season 3 (Break in Diplomacy) was released showing McCord punching fictional Philippine president Datu Andrada in the face as a response to the latter making sexual advancements to the protagonist, it became controversial in the Philippines due to what was seen as Andrada having parallelism with real-life President Rodrigo Duterte, who was known for making inappropriate and sexist remarks.[20] The Philippine Embassy in Washington even published a statement protesting the negative depiction on its Facebook page.[21]

text: The first episode of the fourth season, News Cycle, led to a hard protest from East Timor's Minister of State and Nobel Peace Prize laureate José Ramos-Horta. "It's a slander against a country that only shows ignorance and racism," he explained. The TV show used the border dispute between Australia and East Timor in the Timor Sea (The dispute is transferred in the TV show to the South China Sea, although neither Australia nor East Timor is bordering to it) as background story. East Timor is shown as a country controlled by a Mexican drug cartel and used for drug transfer. US Secretary of State McCord is asking China to take measures to prevent the leader of the drug cartel from making a narco-state out of East Timor.[22]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2014
TV Guide Award
Favorite New Show
Madam Secretary
Nominated

2015
American Cinema Editors Awards 2015[23]
Best Edited One-Hour Series for Commercial Television
Elena Maganini and Michael D. Ornstein
Nominated

41st People's Choice Awards[24]
Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Téa Leoni
Nominated

Favorite New TV Drama
Madam Secretary
Nominated

Publicists Guild of America
The Maxwell Weinberg Publicists Showmanship Television Award
CBS Television Studio/Madam Secretary
Nominated

2015
Humanitas Prize
60 Minute Network or Syndicated Television
Madam Secretary
Nominated

2016
CBS MVP Awards[25]
Best Motivational Speech
Téa Leoni
Nominated

2016
Humanitas Prize
60 Minute Network of Syndicated Television
Madam Secretary
Nominated


document_title: List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game

question_text: who scored the most goals in a hockey game

text: This is a list of games in which a player has scored five or more goals in a National Hockey League (NHL) game. Scoring five or more goals in a single game is considered a great feat, as it has only been accomplished 60 times, by only 44 players, in the history of the league.[1] The most recent player to do so was Johan Franzen, who scored five goals for the Detroit Red Wings on February 2, 2011, against the Ottawa Senators.

text: Joe Malone, playing in the early days of the NHL, holds the overall record with five different five-or-more goal games, including the NHL record seven goals in a game, as well as a six-goal game and three five-goal games. Overall, seven different players have scored six goals in a game—including brothers Corb and Cy Denneny, within a few weeks of each other in 1921. A total of 40 individual players have scored exactly five goals in a game, on one or more occasions. While five-goal games continue to occur from time to time, no player has scored six or more goals since Darryl Sittler scored six in February 1976.[2]

text: Next to Malone's achievement of five different games, both Wayne Gretzky and Mario Lemieux attained the feat four times, Newsy Lalonde did it three times, while four other players have had two five-goal games. Of the 60 different five-goal games, five instances were achieved in a playoff game.[3] Mario Lemieux is the only player in history to achieve a five-goal game by scoring in five different ways – on December 31, 1988, he scored an even-strength goal, a power-play goal, a short-handed goal, a penalty shot goal and an empty net goal.[4]

text: Of the 44 players to achieve the feat, Ian Turnbull is the only defenseman.

text: Scorers[edit]

text:
Name
Team
Date
Goals

 Malone, JoeJoe Malone
Montreal Canadiens
000000001917-12-19-0000December 19, 1917
5

 Hyland, HarryHarry Hyland
Montreal Wanderers
000000001917-12-19-0000December 19, 1917
5

 Malone, JoeJoe Malone
Montreal Canadiens
000000001918-01-12-0000January 12, 1918
5

 Malone, JoeJoe Malone
Montreal Canadiens
000000001918-02-02-0000February 2, 1918
5

 Lalonde, NewsyNewsy Lalonde[3]
Montreal Canadiens
000000001919-03-01-0000March 1, 1919
5

 Lalonde, NewsyNewsy Lalonde
Montreal Canadiens
000000001920-01-10-0000January 10, 1920
6

 Malone, JoeJoe Malone
Quebec Bulldogs
000000001920-01-31-0000January 31, 1920
7

 Roach, MickeyMickey Roach
Toronto St. Pats
000000001920-03-06-0000March 6, 1920
5

 Malone, JoeJoe Malone
Quebec Bulldogs
000000001920-03-10-0000March 10, 1920
6

 Denneny, CorbCorb Denneny
Toronto St. Pats
000000001921-01-26-0000January 26, 1921
6

 Lalonde, NewsyNewsy Lalonde
Montreal Canadiens
000000001921-02-16-0000February 16, 1921
5

 Denneny, CyCy Denneny
Ottawa Senators
000000001921-03-07-0000March 7, 1921
6

 Dye, BabeBabe Dye
Toronto St. Pats
000000001922-12-16-0000December 16, 1922
5

 Green, RedRed Green
Hamilton Tigers
000000001924-12-05-0000December 5, 1924
5

 Dye, BabeBabe Dye
Toronto St. Pats
000000001924-12-22-0000December 22, 1924
5

 Broadbent, PunchPunch Broadbent
Montreal Maroons
000000001925-01-07-0000January 7, 1925
5

 Lepine, PitPit Lepine
Montreal Canadiens
000000001929-12-14-0000December 14, 1929
5

 Morenz, HowieHowie Morenz
Montreal Canadiens
000000001930-03-18-0000March 18, 1930
5

 Conacher, CharlieCharlie Conacher
Toronto Maple Leafs
000000001932-01-19-0000January 19, 1932
5

 Getliffe, RayRay Getliffe
Montreal Canadiens
000000001943-02-06-0000February 6, 1943
5

 Howe, SydSyd Howe
Detroit Red Wings
000000001944-02-03-0000February 3, 1944
6

 Richard, MauriceMaurice Richard[5]
Montreal Canadiens
000000001944-03-23-0000March 23, 1944
5

 Richard, MauriceMaurice Richard
Montreal Canadiens
000000001944-12-28-0000December 28, 1944
5

 Meeker, HowieHowie Meeker
Toronto Maple Leafs
000000001947-01-08-0000January 8, 1947
5

 Geoffrion, BernieBernie Geoffrion
Montreal Canadiens
000000001955-02-19-0000February 19, 1955
5

 Rousseau, BobbyBobby Rousseau
Montreal Canadiens
000000001964-02-01-0000February 1, 1964
5

 Berenson, RedRed Berenson
St. Louis Blues
000000001968-11-07-0000November 7, 1968
6

 Cournoyer, YvanYvan Cournoyer
Montreal Canadiens
000000001975-02-15-0000February 15, 1975
5

 Sittler, DarrylDarryl Sittler
Toronto Maple Leafs
000000001976-02-07-0000February 7, 1976
6

 Sittler, DarrylDarryl Sittler[5]
Toronto Maple Leafs
000000001976-04-22-0000April 22, 1976
5

 Leach, ReggieReggie Leach[5]
Philadelphia Flyers
000000001976-05-06-0000May 6, 1976
5

 Murdoch, DonDon Murdoch
New York Rangers
000000001976-10-12-0000October 12, 1976
5

 Turnbull, IanIan Turnbull (D)
Toronto Maple Leafs
000000001977-02-02-0000February 2, 1977
5

 Trottier, BryanBryan Trottier
New York Islanders
000000001978-12-23-0000December 23, 1978
5

 Young, TimTim Young
Minnesota North Stars
000000001979-01-15-0000January 15, 1979
5

 Tonelli, JohnJohn Tonelli
New York Islanders
000000001981-01-06-0000January 6, 1981
5

 Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky
Edmonton Oilers
000000001981-02-18-0000February 18, 1981
5

 Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky
Edmonton Oilers
000000001981-12-30-0000December 30, 1981
5

 Mulvey, GrantGrant Mulvey
Chicago Black Hawks
000000001982-02-03-0000February 3, 1982
5

 Trottier, BryanBryan Trottier
New York Islanders
000000001982-02-13-0000February 13, 1982
5[6][7]

 Lindstrom, WillyWilly Lindstrom
Winnipeg Jets
000000001982-03-02-0000March 2, 1982
5

 Pavelich, MarkMark Pavelich
New York Rangers
000000001983-02-23-0000February 23, 1983
5

 Kurri, JariJari Kurri
Edmonton Oilers
000000001983-11-19-0000November 19, 1983
5

 Gustafsson, Bengt-AkeBengt-Ake Gustafsson
Washington Capitals
000000001984-01-08-0000January 8, 1984
5

 Hughes, PatPat Hughes
Edmonton Oilers
000000001984-02-03-0000February 3, 1984
5

 Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky
Edmonton Oilers
000000001984-12-15-0000December 15, 1984
5

 Andreychuk, DaveDave Andreychuk
Buffalo Sabres
000000001986-02-06-0000February 6, 1986
5

 Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky
Edmonton Oilers
000000001987-12-06-0000December 6, 1987
5

 Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux
Pittsburgh Penguins
000000001988-12-31-0000December 31, 1988
5

 Nieuwendyk, JoeJoe Nieuwendyk
Calgary Flames
000000001989-01-11-0000January 11, 1989
5

 Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux[5]
Pittsburgh Penguins
000000001989-04-25-0000April 25, 1989
5

 Sundin, MatsMats Sundin
Quebec Nordiques
000000001992-03-05-0000March 5, 1992
5

 Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux
Pittsburgh Penguins
000000001993-04-09-0000April 9, 1993
5

 Bondra, PeterPeter Bondra
Washington Capitals
000000001994-02-05-0000February 5, 1994
5

 Ricci, MikeMike Ricci
Quebec Nordiques
000000001994-02-17-0000February 17, 1994
5

 Zhamnov, AlexeiAlexei Zhamnov
Winnipeg Jets
000000001995-04-01-0000April 1, 1995
5

 Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux
Pittsburgh Penguins
000000001996-03-26-0000March 26, 1996
5

 Fedorov, SergeiSergei Fedorov
Detroit Red Wings
000000001996-12-26-0000December 26, 1996
5

 Gaborik, MarianMarian Gaborik[8]
Minnesota Wild
000000002007-12-20-0000December 20, 2007
5

 Franzen, JohanJohan Franzen[9]
Detroit Red Wings
000000002011-02-02-0000February 2, 2011
5

text: Players who scored five or more goals in multiple games[edit]

text:
Name
Nationality
Total

Malone, JoeJoe Malone
 Canada
5

Gretzky, WayneWayne Gretzky
 Canada
4

Lemieux, MarioMario Lemieux
 Canada
4

Lalonde, NewsyNewsy Lalonde
 Canada
3

Dye, BabeBabe Dye
 Canada
2

Richard, MauriceMaurice Richard
 Canada
2

Sittler, DarrylDarryl Sittler
 Canada
2

Trottier, BryanBryan Trottier
 Canada
2