document_title: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

question_text: who does maria vacratsis play in mamma mia

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sophie Sheridan is preparing for the grand reopening of her mother Donna's hotel, following Donna's death a year earlier. She is upset because two of her fathers, Harry and Bill, are unable to make it to the reopening and she is having trouble in her relationship with Sky, who is in New York, over her memorializing her mother’s life.

text: In 1979, a young Donna graduated from Oxford's New College with Rosie and Tanya, and prepares to travel the world. In Paris, she meets and parties with Harry. They spend the night together, but Donna leaves soon after. She later misses her boat to Kalokairi but is offered a ride by Bill, and along the way, they are able to help a stranded fisherman, Alexio, make it in time to stop the love of his life from marrying another. Unbeknownst to Donna, Harry has followed her to Greece; but he arrived too late, and sadly watches the boat sailing off in the distance.

text: In the present, Tanya and Rosie arrive to support Sophie with the reopening and it’s revealed that Rosie and Bill have split up. Sophie then visits Sam, who is still grieving over the death of Donna. Back in the past, Donna arrives on the island and while exploring the farmhouse, a sudden storm causes her to discover a spooked horse in the basement. She goes in search of help only to find a young Sam riding his motorcycle and he helps her to save the horse. Back in the present, a storm has caused serious disruption to Sophie’s plans for the grand reopening and prevented media coverage of the event.

text: Back in the past, Donna and Sam are enjoying a whirlwind romance, that ends when Donna discovers a picture of Sam’s fiancée in his drawer. A devastated Donna demands that Sam leave the island. In the present, Sam tells Sophie about her value to her mother. Meanwhile, Harry leaves his business deal in Tokyo to support Sophie, and separately Bill gets the same idea. Bill and Harry meet at the docks but are told there are no boats. However, Alexio gives Bill, Harry and the newly arrived Sky boat passage.

text: In the past, a depressed Donna is heartbroken over Sam but is able to channel her anger into singing with Tanya and Rosie. She meets Bill again and they go out on his boat; while they are gone, Sam returns, having recently ended his engagement for Donna, but is saddened to hear that she is with another man and leaves the island again. Donna discovers she is pregnant but has no idea which one of her three recent lovers is the father. Sofia, the mother of the owner of the bar where Donna and the Dynamos performed, overhears Donna’s wish to stay on the island and offers to let Donna live at her farmhouse and Donna happily accepts. It is there that she eventually gives birth to Sophie.

text: Back in the present, the guests have arrived at the party and Sophie is reunited with her other two fathers and Sky. Sophie reveals to Sky she is pregnant and has never felt closer to her mother, having now understood what her mother went through. Bill and Rosie reunite over their grief for Donna. Sophie’s estranged grandmother and Donna’s mother, Ruby, arrives despite Sophie having decided not to invite her. She reveals that Sky tracked her down in New York and she wants to build a real relationship with Sophie. Sophie then performs a song with Tanya and Rosie in honor of her mother, with her grandmother tearfully telling her afterward how proud she is of her. It is then revealed that the manager of the hotel, Fernando, is Ruby’s ex-lover from 1959 in Mexico, and the two are joyously reunited.

text: Nine months later, Sophie has given birth to a baby boy named Donny. Everyone has gathered for his christening where Tanya flirts with Fernando’s brother. The ceremony takes place with Donna’s spirit watching over her daughter with pride. At the end, all the characters, including Donna and the younger cast, sing "Super Trouper" at a huge party at Hotel Bella Donna.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Donna’s 25-year-old daughter, and Ruby's granddaughter.
Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan-Carmichael, Sophie’s late mother, Ruby's daughter, and Sam's wife.
Lily James as Young Donna, founder of Donna and the Dynamos.
Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, one of Donna’s best friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a rich three-time divorcee.
Jessica Keenan Wynn as Young Tanya.
Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna’s best friends and former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a fun-loving author in a relationship with Bill.
Alexa Davies as Young Rosie.
Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, an architect, Sophie's possible father, and Donna's widower.
Jeremy Irvine as Young Sam.
Colin Firth as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father, a British businessman.
Hugh Skinner as Young Harry.
Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer, Sofia's great-nephew, Lazaros’s cousin, and also as Kurt Anderson, Bill's obese brother.
Josh Dylan as Young Bill.
Dominic Cooper as Sky, Sophie’s husband.
Cher as Ruby Sheridan, Donna’s mother, Sophie’s grandmother, and Sam's mother-in-law.
Andy García as Fernando Cienfuegos, the Mexican manager of the Hotel Bella Donna and an old lover of Ruby’s from 1959.
Omid Djalili as a Greek customs officer.
Celia Imrie as the Vice-Chancellor of the university at which Donna, Tanya and Rosie studied.
Maria Vacratsis as Sofia, a local who owns the shack that Donna stays in, which eventually becomes Donna's home, and Bill's great aunt.
Panos Mouzourakis as Lazaros, Sofia's son and Bill’s cousin who owns the bar at which both his band and Donna and the Dynamos perform.
Gerard Monaco as Alexio, a local Greek fisherman.
Anna Antoniades as Apollonia, Alexio's lover and later wife.

tag: ul

text: Cameo appearances

text:
Björn Ulvaeus as a university professor.
Benny Andersson as the pianist in the Parisian restaurant during "Waterloo".
Jonathan Goldsmith as Rafael Cienfuegos, Fernando Cienfuegos's widower brother.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: A soundtrack album was released on July 13, 2018 by Capitol and Polydor Records in the United States and internationally, respectively.[8][9] The album was produced by Benny Andersson, who also served as the album's executive producer alongside Björn Ulvaeus and Judy Craymer. Each song is featured within the film, with the exception of "I Wonder (Departure)" and "The Day Before You Came".

text:
"Thank You for the Music" – Sophie✗
"When I Kissed the Teacher" – Young Donna and the Dynamos, Vice-Chancellor
"I Wonder (Departure)" – Young Donna and the Dynamos†
"One of Us" – Sophie and Sky
"Waterloo" – Young Harry and Young Donna
"SOS" – Sam✗
"Why Did It Have to Be Me?" – Young Bill, Young Donna and Young Harry
"I Have a Dream" – Young Donna
"Kisses of Fire" – Lazaros
"Andante, Andante" – Young Donna
"The Name of the Game" – Young Donna
"Knowing Me, Knowing You" – Young Donna and Young Sam
"Mamma Mia" – Young Donna and the Dynamos
"Angel Eyes" – Rosie, Tanya, and Sophie
"Dancing Queen" – Sophie, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill, and Harry
"I've Been Waiting for You" – Sophie, Rosie, and Tanya
"Fernando" – Ruby, Fernando
"My Love, My Life" – Young Donna, Donna, Sophie
"Super Trouper" – Ruby, Donna, Rosie, Tanya, Sophie, Sky, Sam, Bill, Harry, Fernando, Young Donna, Young Rosie, Young Tanya, Young Bill, Young Sam, and Young Harry
"The Day Before You Came" – Donna†

text:
† Songs featured on the soundtrack album but omitted from the film.
✗ Songs featured in the film but omitted from the soundtrack album.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Due to Mamma Mia!'s financial success, Hollywood studio chief David Linde, co-chairman of Universal Pictures, told the Daily Mail that it would take a while, but there could be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, Catherine Johnson, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus agreed to the project, noting that there are still many ABBA songs to make use of.[10]

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was announced on May 19, 2017, with a release date of July 20, 2018.[11] It was written and directed by Ol Parker.[12] On September 27, 2017, Benny Andersson confirmed 3 ABBA songs that would be featured in the film: "When I Kissed the Teacher," "I Wonder (Departure)," and "Angeleyes."[13] "I Wonder (Departure)" was cut from the film, but is included on the soundtrack album.

text: Casting[edit]

text: On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would return as Sophie.[14] Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed that he would return for the sequel, along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan as Sky, Donna, Harry, and Sam, respectively.[15] In July 2017, Baranski was also confirmed to return as Tanya.[16] On July 12, 2017, Lily James was cast to play the role of young Donna.[17] On August 3, 2017, Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies were also cast in the film, with Irvine playing Brosnan's character Sam in a past era, and Hugh Skinner to play Young Harry, Davies as a young Rosie, played by Julie Walters.[18] On August 16, 2017, it was announced that Jessica Keenan Wynn had been cast as a young Tanya, who is played by Baranski.[19] Julie Walters and Stellan Skarsgård also reprised their roles as Rosie and Bill, respectively.[20] On October 16, 2017, it was announced that singer and actress Cher had joined the cast, in her first on-screen film role since 2010,[21] and her first film with Streep since Silkwood. The part was written specifically for Cher, and she got to choose Andy Garcia as her romantic partner.[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on August 12, 2017 in Croatia, including the island of Vis.[23][24][25][26][23] In October 2017, the cast gathered at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, to film song and dance numbers with Cher.[21] Filming wrapped on December 2, 2017.[27]

text: Release[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was released on July 20, 2018 by Universal Pictures, in the UK, US and other selected countries in both standard and IMAX formats.[28][5] The film premiered on July 16, 2018 at the Hammersmith Apollo in London.[29]

text: Marketing[edit]

text:
The first trailer for the film was released on December 21, 2017, in front of Pitch Perfect 3, another Universal Pictures film. Cher performed "Fernando" at the Las Vegas CinemaCon on April 25, 2018, after footage of the film was shown.[citation needed]
Universal sponsored YouTube stars the Merrell Twins to perform a cover version of the song "Mamma Mia" to promote the film.[30]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was released via digital copy on October 9, 2018 and released on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K UHD Combo Pack on October 23, 2018.[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of  October 11, 2018[update], Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again has grossed $120.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $272.2 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $392.8 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[4]

text: In June 2018, three weeks prior to its release, official industry tracking had the film debuting to $27–33 million,[32] which increased to as much as $36 million by the week of its release.[33] It made $14.3 million on its first day, including $3.4 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $35 million, finishing second, behind fellow newcomer The Equalizer 2 ($36 million), and besting the opening of the first film ($27.8 million) by over 24%.[30][34] It fell 57% to $15.1 million in its second weekend, finishing second behind newcomer Mission: Impossible – Fallout.[35][36] In its third weekend the film grossed $9 million, dropping to fourth place, and $5.8 million in its fourth weekend, finishing seventh.[37][38]

text: In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $12.7 million in its opening weekend, topping the box office and achieving the fourth biggest opening for a film in 2018.[39] In its second weekend of international release, the film made $26.6 million (for a running total of $98.6 million). Its largest new markets were France ($1.7 million), Poland ($1.3 million), Switzerland ($223,000) and Croatia ($151,000), while its best holdovers were Australia ($9.5 million), the UK ($8.6 million) and Germany ($8.2 million).[40]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 216 reviews, and a weighted average of 6.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again doubles down on just about everything fans loved about the original—and my my, how can fans resist it?"[42] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100 based on 46 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[43] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score as its predecessor, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 83% overall positive score.[30]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian termed the sequel as "weirdly irresistible" and gave it three out of five stars. He described his reaction to the first film as "a combination of hives and bubonic plague," but concedes that this time, the relentlessness and greater self-aware comedy made him smile. He concludes: "More enjoyable than I thought. But please. Enough now."[44] Mark Kermode of The Observer gave the film five stars and commented, "This slick sequel delivers sharp one-liners, joyously contrived plot twists and an emotional punch that left our critic reeling."[45]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film two and a half stars out of five, noting the absence of Streep for the majority of the film hindered his enjoyment, and saying, "her absence is deeply felt since the three-time Oscar winner sang and danced her heart out as Donna Sheridan".[46] Lindsay Bahr of Associated Press awarded the film three out of four stars, calling it "wholly ridiculous", but complimenting its self-awareness. She also praised James' performance and singing talent.[47] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the sequel a mixed review, awarding it two stars out of four, criticizing the reprises of "Dancing Queen" and "Super Trouper" as uninspired, and feeling that some of the musical numbers dragged the pacing. He considered the younger counterparts to the main characters "energetic" and "likeable."[48] Stephanie Zacharek of Time gave the film a mixed review, writing "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again is atrocious. And wonderful. It's all the reasons you should never go to the movies. And all the reasons you should race to get a ticket."[49]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

People's Choice Awards

November 11, 2018

The Comedy Movie of 2018

Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again

Pending

[50]

Female Movie Star

Lily James

Pending

Comedy Movie Star

Amanda Seyfried

Pending


document_title: Bella and the Bulldogs

question_text: who plays bella on bella and the bulldogs

root

text: Bella and the Bulldogs

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series follows cheerleader Bella Dawson whose life in Texas takes an unexpected twist when she is recruited to become the new quarterback for her school's football team, the Bulldogs. At first, the rest of the team do not want her as quarterback, but they eventually accept her.

tag: p

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Brec Bassinger as Bella Dawson
Coy Stewart as Troy
Jackie Radinsky as Sawyer
Buddy Handleson as Newt
Lilimar as Sophie
Haley Tju as Pepper
Rio Mangini as Ace (recurring: season 1, main: season 2)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dorien Wilson as Coach Russell
Annie Tedesco as Carrie Dawson

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 4, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season.[1] The second season premiered on September 30, 2015. Actress Brec Bassinger stated in a Twitter message about the episode airing on June 25, 2016: "I hope y'all enjoyed the last episode of #bellaandthebulldogs ..."[2]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
19
January 17, 2015 (2015-01-17)
May 30, 2015 (2015-05-30)

2
20
September 30, 2015 (2015-09-30)
June 25, 2016 (2016-06-25)

tag: table

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
19
January 17, 2015 (2015-01-17)
2.52[3]
May 30, 2015 (2015-05-30)
1.39[4]
1.65

2
20
September 30, 2015 (2015-09-30)
1.49[5]
June 25, 2016 (2016-06-25)
1.49[6]
1.29

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Bella and the Bulldogs premiered on March 18, 2015, on YTV in Canada[7] and on Nickelodeon in Australia and New Zealand on April 4, 2015.[8] The series premiered on the Southeast Asian feed of Nickelodeon in Singapore and the Philippines on April 6, 2015, and in Malaysia on April 11, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Nickelodeon debuted the series on May 4, 2015. In Africa, the pilot debuted on June 26, 2015, and the series officially premiered on September 7, 2015.[9][10]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2016
Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Won
[11]

Kids' Choice Awards Colombia
Favorite Internacional Program
Nominated
[12]


document_title: Prey (Star Trek: Voyager)

question_text: who played the hirogen on star trek voyager

text: Prey (Star Trek: Voyager)

text:
hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)

This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real-world context. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"Prey"

Star Trek: Voyager episode

Episode no.
Season 4
Episode 16

Directed by
Allan Eastman

Written by
Brannon Braga

Featured music
Dennis McCarthy

Production code
184

Original air date
February 18, 1998 (1998-02-18)

Guest appearance(s)

Tony Todd - Alpha Hirogen
Clint Carmichael - Hirogen Hunter

Episode chronology

← Previous
"Hunters"
Next →
"Retrospect"

List of Star Trek: Voyager episodes

text: "Prey" is the 84th episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager, the 16th episode of the fourth season, and the second episode of the Hirogen story arc. The episode centers upon a member of Species 8472, who escapes capture by the Hirogen, and boards Voyager. This results not only in an uneasy alliance between the Voyager crew and the Hirogen hunting the alien, but tension between Janeway and Seven, who harbor different ideas about how to resolve the situation.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Federation starship Voyager discovers an injured Hirogen who is in the middle of an intense hunt for what is a formidable and dangerous prey even, by Hirogen standards. He is brought in to Sickbay for treatment, but is eager to get back out and track down his trophy prey. Before he is able to do so, the prey alien invades Voyager. It is a tough, armored, telepathic, insectlike creature that the Borg have designated Species 8472.

text: The Hirogen hunter is allowed to hunt for 8472 under Chakotay's supervision. The Hirogen starts attacking an unresponsive 8472 without hesitation. He refuses an order to stand down and battles with his Starfleet escort before being stunned and subdued; he is subsequently confined in sickbay. As the crew later approach the seriously injured 8472, it telepathically communicates with the Vulcan tactical officer Tuvok, pleading to be rescued from the hunter and returned to its home, which is a different dimension known as "fluidic space." Meanwhile, a number of Hirogen vessels surround Voyager threatening to destroy them unless 8472 is beamed over. Nevertheless, Captain Janeway immediately orders Seven of Nine to help the alien return to its home territory, hoping to open the door to peaceful contact with its species. Seven refuses to comply, believing the protection of the hated and feared alien is not worth facing imminent destruction at the hands of the Hirogen. She informs Janeway that the approaching Hirogen ships will destroy Voyager unless 8472 is turned over, and a lesson in compassion will do her no good if she is dead.

text: As Hirogen ships open fire on Voyager, shield generators are temporarily disabled allowing the Hirogen hunter to escape from Sickbay. The hunter corners 8472 and grapples with it at which time Seven beams both of them to one of the Hirogen ships nearby. By giving 8472 to the Hirogen, Seven has blatantly disobeyed Janeway and assured the creature's death although she tries to justify her actions as being necessary to save the ship. Janeway disciplines her with limits on her computer access privileges and restriction to the cargo bay.


question_text: when was wrath of the lich king announced

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Level increase[edit]

text: The first expansion pack, World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade, raised the maximum level from 60 to 70 and the Wrath of the Lich King raised the level cap from 70 to 80.[4]

text: Death Knights[edit]

text: The death knight is the first "hero class" introduced in World of Warcraft, and would be the only one available until the introduction of the demon hunter in Legion. Hero classes are those that start the game at a higher level than the regular level 1. Originally, a death knight could only be created if the player previously had a level 55 on that realm but that requirement was removed in late 2014.[5]

text: Death knights are fallen heroes of the Alliance and the Horde, raised by the Lich King to serve as champions of the undead Scourge. They are able to fill the tank and damage dealer roles. The three death knight specializations are blood, frost and unholy. The blood specialization focuses on the manipulation of blood, using an enemy's blood against them while using the death knights' blood to benefit themselves. Frost specializes in control, counters and combination strikes using frost related abilities. Unholy specialization focuses on poisoning your opponent and sending the player's permanent, controllable pet ghoul to attack the enemy.[6][7] Death knights wear plate armor and wield weapons with rune engravings (permanent weapon enhancements), which are achieved through the death knight profession called runeforging by utilizing the runeforge in Acherus.

text: Newly created death knights begin with a larger set of spells and abilities than new characters of other classes. The class starts without any talent points and must unlock available talent tiers for their level by completing quests in the death knight starting area in Eastern Plaguelands.[8] Players must complete all the starting area quests in order to join the rest of Azeroth. The death knight class is available to all in-game races except the Pandarens.

text: Instead of utilizing rage, energy or mana for combat resources, a death knight uses a system of runes and runic power (both displayed under the player portrait), which is generated by using runes.[9] The death knight originally had two of each type of rune - blood, frost and unholy - available for use. After a rune is used, it enters a ten-second 'cooldown' period before it can be used again and runic power decays over time when out of combat. With specific talents, the death knight can also turn their runes into death runes, which can be used as any type of rune. The death knight has the option of three presences: blood, frost and unholy. In Wrath of the Lich King, frost presence increased threat generated, increased health and lowered damage taken; blood presence increased damage done and restored a portion of damage dealt as healing; unholy presence increased attack speed, increased movement speed and reduced the global cooldown on all abilities.[7]

text: In the following expansion, Cataclysm, with a desire to clearly designate specializations as damage dealing or tank, Blood became the designated tanking spec and blood presence's effects was changed so that blood presence had threat and damage mitigation and frost presence was changed to increasing all runic power generation. In the Legion expansion, death knights have six death runes instead of three types of runes and presences were removed; each specific presence's effect is included in its related specialization automatically.[10]

text: Northrend[edit]

text: Northrend is a crescent-shaped continent in northern Azeroth.[11] The continent is roughly half the size of the Eastern Kingdoms, but matches Outland in length and width. Although Northrend is known for its snow and ice, only parts of the continent are frozen over.[12] Northrend features eight zones with content designed for players beginning at level 68, although players may travel to Northrend at any level.[13] Players arrive by boat (Alliance) or zeppelin (Horde) either at the Howling Fjord or the Borean Tundra zones, each located at opposite ends of the continent. Howling Fjord is home to evil half-giants called the Vrykul, who reside in Utgarde Keep, the first dungeon in the expansion. The Dragonblight and Grizzly Hills zones are located in the southcentral and southeast parts of the continent respectively. The Ursine Furbolgs reside in the forested Grizzly Hills. Dragonblight features the gravesites of dragons who came to the region to die.[14] Wintergrasp is the first zone in World of Warcraft designed specifically for Player versus Player (PVP) activities, even on Player versus Environment (PvE) servers.[15]

text: The forces of the Alliance, unified under King Varian Wrynn, have brought its armies to Northrend with the goal of avenging the Alliance Kingdom of Lordaeron, whose betrayal and destruction at the hands of Prince Arthas Menethil was engineered by the Lich King. The Alliance controls Valiance Keep and Valgarde in the Borean Tundra and Howling Fjord respectively, as well as Wintergarde Keep in Dragonblight.

text: The Forsaken and their Banshee Queen, Sylvanas Windrunner, have also arrived with a new contagion that they hope will prove to be effective against the undead minions of the Lich King. The Forsaken are seeking vengeance for being subjected to Arthas's magic. They have set up a military base of operations called "Vengeance Landing" and have created a settlement called "New Agamand," both in the Howling Fjord. The magi of Dalaran have also relocated, along with their city, to Northrend in order to deal with the rising threat of the Blue Dragonflight, led by Malygos the Spell-Weaver, and the Lich King. The city of Dalaran functions as the neutral sanctuary city for the continent, analogous to Shattrath City in Outland. Dalaran is levitating at a great height above the Crystalsong Forest zone but can be accessed by either the ground or by flying mount.[14] The expansion also features more creatures and other enemies, such as the four new spirit beasts: Loque'nahak, Gondria, Skoll and Arcturis. It also introduces the vicious dragons called Proto-Drakes (dragons with short arms, huge teeth and large wings) and the gigantic dinosaur named King Krush, who stalks the jungles of Sholazar Basin. Arthas Menethil, the Lich King, is the primary antagonist of the expansion.

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the wake of the Sunwell's purification, a period of suspicious silence swept over the world. As if on cue, the undead Scourge launched a massive assault against the cities and towns of Azeroth, this time extending its reach far beyond the Eastern Kingdoms. Under pressure to respond with a full army, Warchief Thrall deployed an expedition force to Northrend led by Overlord Garrosh Hellscream. Meanwhile, the missing human king Varian Wrynn at last returned to Stormwind City and reclaimed his crown. He sent an equally powerful Alliance army, commanded by Bolvar Fordragon, to defeat the Lich King—and any Horde forces who would stand in their way.

text: The Alliance and Horde (led by Dranosh Saurfang) eventually led a combined offensive on the Wrathgate, the entrance to the Lich King's fortress of Icecrown Citadel. Before they could succeed however, Grand Apothecary Putress and his Royal Apothecary Society followers (renegade Forsaken) unleashed a new plague that killed friend and foe alike, while his traitorous counterpart, the dreadlord Varimathras, seized the Undercity in a coup that nearly killed Sylvanas. The usurpers were slain for their vile deeds by armies of the Alliance and Horde and the Forsaken capital was restored. The debacle however, created suspicion among the Horde regarding Sylvanas's loyalties. At the Wrathgate, many brave Alliance soldiers died at the hands of the Forsaken's Royal Apothecary Society; including King Varian's dear friend Bolvar Fordragon. Varian, who had always been wary of the orcs, discovered that the Royal Apothecary Society had been developing the new plague for years. The events that transpired during the battle for the Undercity convinced the human king that the Horde had been left unchecked for too long and he becomes hostile to the Horde for the rest of the campaign in Northrend.

text: Secrets of Ulduar[edit]

text: The march of Horde and Alliance armies through Northrend led to a number of victories, but these successes paled before a discovery made by the explorer Brann Bronzebeard within the ancient titan complex of Ulduar. This mysterious fortress had long served as the prison of the Old God Yogg-Saron, a being of unfathomable evil whose influence had spread into the continent of Northrend itself. However, the safeguards keeping Yogg-Saron imprisoned have begun to fail, and the Old God's influence has already corrupted Ulduar's guardians. With Brann's assistance, small bands of Alliance and Horde champions infiltrated Ulduar to confront Yogg-Saron, who blasted the invaders with cryptic visions: the millennia-old creation of an artifact known as the Dragon Soul, the assassination of Stormwind's King Llane, and a glimpse of the Lich King's future. However, the heroes manage to prevail and destroy Yogg-Saron.

text: Call of the Crusade[edit]

text: In preparation for the final offensive against the Lich King, the Argent Crusade (a union of holy warriors from the Order of the Silver Hand and the Argent Dawn) assembled a base near Icecrown Citadel to gather resources and identify the champions who would serve at the vanguard of their army. Highlord Tirion Fordring organized a tournament to test potential heroes of the Horde and the Alliance, but agents of the Scourge quickly emerged to sabotage the event. The undead attack culminated with the appearance of the monstrous crypt lord Anub'arak, who attempted to exterminate Tirion's elite force before it could be assembled. Fortunately, the gathered heroes prove to be too much for Anub'arak to handle and he is defeated.

text: Fall of the Lich King[edit]

text: As the final battle against the Lich King approached, the human sorceress Jaina Proudmoore and the Banshee Queen Sylvanas Windrunner journeyed to the icy heart of Northrend. Both had come for different reasons: Jaina hoped to discover whether a part of her former friend and lover, Arthas Menethil, still lived; Sylvanas longed to take revenge on her old enemy. With the aid of these two heroes, Azeroth's champions stormed Icecrown Citadel and vanquished the Lich King's minions. Their confrontation with the Lich King involved thousands of souls consumed by Arthas's blade, Frostmourne. Ultimately, Arthas was slain with the aid of Tirion Fordring, and the heroes who triumphed over him learned a chilling truth about the existence of the undead Scourge. Without a Lich King, the leaderless undead would go on an unstoppable rampage across Azeroth. Bolvar (revealed to have been altered by the red dragons' flame), steps forward and voluntarily becomes the new Lich King, promising to keep the Scourge contained in Northrend as its eternal jailer.

text: Development and release[edit]

text: World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King was announced on August 3, 2007, on the first day of BlizzCon 2007.[16][17] Several enhancements to World of Warcraft's graphics engine were added with the release of Wrath of the Lich King. These include the use of a new shader in areas containing ice,[18] new fire effects, more realistic shadows, and the option to turn down character texture resolution to improve performance.

text: On October 15, 2008, Patch 3.0.2, titled 'Wrath of the Lich King', was released to pave the way for the upcoming expansion, bringing many of the expansion's updated systems to the game pre-release.[19] Several new features were added including an all new class called the Death Knight. Classes received new spells and abilities. A harbor was added to Stormwind and new Zeppelin towers outside Orgrimmar and Tirisfal Glades. Wrath of the Lich King was released on November 13, 2008.

text: Patch 3.1.0, 'Secrets of Ulduar', was released April 15, 2009.[20] Players discovered the titan city of Ulduar to learn it was a prison keeping the Old God of Death, Yogg-Saron inside. New content along with the new raid, Ulduar, was added including the new Argent Tournament Grounds. The dual talent specialization and the equipment manager were added to the UI. Patch 3.2, 'Call of the Crusade', was released August 5, 2009.[21] Since release of Argent Tournament in patch 3.1.0, players have been fighting champions of each faction. Patch 3.2.0 added the Crusader's Coliseum raid, a PvP season 7, a new Battleground, Isle of Conquest and some Argent Tournament quests. The final major patch for the expansion, Patch 3.3, 'Fall of the Lich King', was released on December 9, 2009.[22] It added the Icecrown Citadel raid, where players would fight the Lich King and the main storyline came to a conclusion. Other new content included the Kalu’ak Fishing Derby. Cross server LFG (looking for group), which allowed players from different servers to play together in a dungeon. Patch 3.3.5, released on June 22, 2010, was a minor content patch that released the Ruby Sanctum raid and added cross-game chat using Battle.net. The raid features fighting against the black dragonflight that is attempting to destroy the Sanctum to facilitate Deathwing's reemergence.

text: On September 19, 2012, the Wrath of the Lich King expansion was completely merged with the original World of Warcraft game, just as the Burning Crusade expansion was the previous year. Now all players who purchase the original game automatically receive The Burning Crusade and Wrath of the Lich King at no additional cost. This merging of the expansions with the original game is called a "Battle Chest".[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate scores

Aggregator
Score

GameRankings
92.50%[24]

Metacritic
91%[25]

Review scores

Publication
Score

1UP.com
A-[26]

Eurogamer
10/10[27]

G4
[28]

GameSpot
9.0/10[29]

GameSpy
[30]

GameTrailers
92/100[31]

GameZone
9.5/10[32]

IGN
9.0/10[33]

PC Zone
8.6/10[34]

VideoGamer.com
9/10[35]

text: Wrath of the Lich King was critically acclaimed, scoring a 91 on Metacritic.[36] Since its release, this expansion has often been recognized as World of Warcraft's best expansion by critics and fans.[37] The game reached its peak in October 2010 with over 12 million subscribers.[38]

text: Sales[edit]

text: The set sold 2.8 million copies within the first 24 hours of availability.[39] This had made it the fastest selling computer game of all time, beating the record set by the previous World of Warcraft expansion The Burning Crusade, which had sold 2.4 million within its first 24 hours.[40] It received a "Gold" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA),[41] indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom.[42] It later lost its rank as number one after Blizzard released Diablo III, which sold over 3.5 million copies within its first 24 hours on the market.[43]


document_title: Brazilian currency

question_text: what is the name of currency of brazil

question_tokens: what is the name of currency of brazil

text: Brazilian currency

text: The official Brazilian currency since 1994 is the Brazilian real (plural reais, sign R$, code BRL).

text: Through its history, Brazil had a number of other currencies:

text:
Portuguese real
Brazilian real (old) (Rs$), pl. réis; from colonial times to 1942
cruzeiro (first) (₢, Cr$) = 1,000 réis; from 1942 to 1967.
cruzeiro novo (NCr$) = 1,000 cruzeiros; from 1967 to 1970
cruzeiro (second) (Cr$) = 1 cruzeiro novo; from 1970 to 1986
cruzado (Cz$) = 1,000 cruzeiros novos; from 1986 to 1989
cruzado novo (NCz$) = 1,000 cruzados; from January 1989 to March 1990
cruzeiro (third) (Cr$) = 1,000 cruzados novos; from 1990 to 1993
cruzeiro real = 1,000 cruzeiros; from August 1993 to June 1994
real (modern) (R$), pl. reais = 2,750 cruzeiros reais; from 1994 to present

text: Thus, one modern Brazilian real is equivalent to 2,750,000,000,000,000,000,000 times the old real, that is, 2.75 sextillion réis.

text:
This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names).
If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Set indices

text: All set index articles


document_title: Condensation polymer

question_text: what type of polymers have the ester functional group

text: Condensation polymer

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reaction—where molecules join together—losing small molecules as byproducts such as water or methanol, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction of unsaturated monomers. Condensation polymerization is a form of step-growth polymerization, is a process by which two molecules join together, resulting in loss of small molecules which are often water. The type of end product resulting from a condensation polymerization is dependent on Monomers with only one reactive group do not padlock a growing chain, and thus give end products with a lower molecular weight. Linear polymers are created using monomers with two reactive end groups and monomers with more than two end groups give three-dimensional polymers which are cross linked. Common condensation polymers include polyamides, polyacetals and Proteins.

text: Dehydration synthesis often involves joining monomers with an -OH (hydroxyl) group and a freely ionized -H on either end (such as a hydrogen from the -NH2 in nylon or proteins). Normally, two or more different monomers are used in the reaction. The bonds between the hydroxyl group, the hydrogen atom and their respective atoms break forming water from the hydroxyl and hydrogen, and the polymer.Actually in this process two water molecules are released.As given below (n+n=2n)

text: Polyester is created through ester linkages between monomers, which involve the functional groups carboxyl and hydroxyl (an organic acid and an alcohol monomer).

text: Nylon is another common condensation polymer. It can be manufactured by reacting di-amines with carboxyl derivatives. In this example the derivative is a di-carboxylic acid, but di-acyl chlorides are also used. Another approach used is the reaction of di-functional monomers, with one amine and one carboxylic acid group on the same molecule:

text: The carboxylic acids and amines link to form peptide bonds, also known as amide groups. Proteins are condensation polymers made from amino acid monomers. Carbohydrates are also condensation polymers made from sugar monomers such as glucose (i.e. cellulose [1] or glycogen) and galactose.

text: Condensation polymerization is occasionally used to form simple hydrocarbons. This method, however, is expensive and inefficient, so the addition polymer of ethene (polyethylene) is generally used.

text: Condensation polymers, unlike addition polymers, may be biodegradable. The peptide or ester bonds between monomers can be hydrolysed by acid catalysts or bacterial enzymes breaking the polymer chain into smaller pieces.

text: The most commonly known condensation polymers are proteins, fabrics such as nylon, silk, or polyester.