document_title: Constitution of India

question_text: how many article at present in indian constitution

text: Constitution of India

text: Background

text: Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. The constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act, 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950.[12]

text: Previous legislation

text: The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions. its framers borrowed features of previous legislation, such as the Government of India Act 1858, the Indian Councils Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909, the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act 1947. The latter, which led to the creation of India and Pakistan, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states.[13]

text: Constituent Assembly

text: The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by elected members of the provincial assemblies.[14] The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took almost three years to draft the constitution, holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period.[2][13]

text: Membership

text: B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the assembly,[2][13] which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community,[2] and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi.[2] Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians.[2] Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community.[2] Judges, such as  Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly.[2] Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.[2]

text: The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sachchidananda Sinha; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president.[13][14] It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.[2][14][15]

text: Drafting

text: Benegal Narsing Rau, a civil servant who became the first Indian judge in the International Court of Justice and was president of the United Nations Security Council, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in 1946.[16] Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948.[16][17][18]

text: At the 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed.[14] Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with B. R. Ambedkar as chair.[2][15] A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947.[15]

text: While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635.[13][19] Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days.[2][13] On 26 November 1949 it adopted the constitution,[2][13][15][18][20] which was signed by 284 members.[2][13][15][18][20] The day is celebrated as National Law Day,[2][21] or Constitution Day.[2][22]

text: The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member signed two copies of the constitution, one in Hindi and the other in English.[2][13][18] The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.[15][18] Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada.[15] The constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey of India. Production of the original constitution took nearly five years. Two days later, on 26 January 1950, it became the law of India.[15][23] The estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore (₹63 million).[13] The constitution has had a number of amendments since it was enacted.[24] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi.[15]

text: Influence of other constitutions

text:
United Kingdom
Parliamentary government[2]
Concept of single citizenship[2]
Rule of law
The legislative speaker and their role
Legislative procedure

text:
United States[25]
Bill of Rights[2][15]
Federal structure of government[2]
Electoral College
Independent judiciary and separation of powers
Judicial review
President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
Equal protection under law

text:
Ireland
Directive principles of state policy[15]

text:
Australia
Freedom of trade between states[13]
National legislative power to implement treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction
Concurrent List[26]
Preamble terminology

text:
France
Ideals of liberté, égalité, fraternité[2][15]

text:
Canada
Quasi-federal government — a federal system with a strong central government[13]
Distribution of powers between the central and state governments[2][13]
Residual powers, retained by the central government[citation needed]

text:
Soviet Union
Fundamental Duties under article 51-A[2]
Mandated planning commission to oversee economic development[2]

text:
Other constitutions
The emergency provision under article 356 (from the Weimar Constitution)[15]
Amending the constitution (from South Africa)
Due process (from Japan)

text: Structure

text: The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation.[b][2][3][4] At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.[13] At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – in the world.[27][28]

text: The constitution has a preamble and 448 articles,[c][15] which are grouped into 25 parts.[d][15] With 12 schedules[e][15] and five appendices,[15][29] it has been amended 101 times; the latest amendment became effective on 1 July 2017.[30]

text: Parts

text: The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:

text:
Preamble,[31] with the words "socialist" and "secular" added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment[32][33]
Part I[34] – States and union territories
Part II[35] – Citizenship
Part III – Fundamental Rights
Part IV[36] – Directive Principles of State Policy
Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
Part V[37] – The union
Part VI[38] – The states
Part VII[39] – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed)
Part VIII[40] – Union territories
Part IX[41] – Panchayats
Part IXA[42] – Municipalities
Part IXB – Co-operative societies[43]
Part X – Scheduled and tribal areas
Part XI – Relations between the union and the states
Part XII – Finance, property, contracts and suits
Part XIII – Trade and commerce within India
Part XIV – Services under the union and states
 Part XIVA – Tribunals
Part XV – Elections
Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes
Part XVII – Languages
Part XVIII – Emergency provisions
Part XIX – Miscellaneous
Part XX – Amending the constitution
Part XXI – Temporary, transitional and special provisions
Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals

text: Schedules

text: Schedules are lists in the constitution which categorise and tabulate bureaucratic activity and government policy.

text:
First Schedule (Articles 1 and 4) – Lists India's states and territories, changes in their borders and the laws used to make that change.
Second Schedule (Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221) –  Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the Comptroller and Auditor General.
Third Schedule (Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219) – Forms of oaths – Lists the oaths of office for elected officials and judges.
Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) – Details the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (upper house of Parliament) by state or union territory.
Fifth Schedule (Article 244(1)) – Provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas[f] and Scheduled Tribes[g] (areas and tribes requiring special protection).
Sixth Schedule (Articles 244(2) and 275(1)) – Provisions made for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule (Article 246) — Central government, state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Eighth Schedule (Articles 344(1) and 351) – Official languages
Ninth Schedule (Article 31-B) – Validation of certain acts and regulations[h]
Tenth Schedule (Articles 102(2) and 191(2)) – Anti-defection provisions for members of Parliament and state legislatures.
Eleventh Schedule (Article 243-G) —Panchayat Raj (rural local government)
Twelfth Schedule (Article 243-W) — Municipalities (urban local government)

text: Appendices

text:
Appendix I – The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954
Appendix II – Re-statement, referring to the constitution's present text, of exceptions and modifications applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
Appendix III – Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
Appendix IV – The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
Appendix V – The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003

text: Constitution and government

text: The executive, legislative and judicial branches of government receive their power from the constitution and are bound by it.[44] With the aid of its constitution, India is governed by a parliamentary system of government with the executive directly accountable to the legislature. The President of India is head of the executive branch, under Articles 52 and 53, with the duty of preserving, protecting and defending the constitution and the law under Article 60. Article 74 provides for a Prime Minister as head of the Council of Ministers, which aids and advises the president in the performance of their constitutional duties. The council is answerable to the lower house under Article 75(3).

text: The constitution is considered federal in nature, and unitary in spirit. It has features of a federation (a codified, supreme constitution, a three-tier governmental structure [central, state and local], division of powers, bicameralism and an independent judiciary) and unitary features such as a single constitution, single citizenship, an integrated judiciary, a flexible constitution, a strong central government, appointment of state governors by the central government, All India Services (the IAS, IFS and IPS) and emergency provisions. This unique combination makes it quasi-federal in form.[45]

text: Each state and union territory has its own government. Analogous to the president and prime minister, each has a governor or (in union territories) a lieutenant governor and a chief minister. Article 356 permits the president to dismiss a state government and assume direct authority if a situation arises in which state government cannot be conducted in accordance with constitution. This power, known as president's rule, was abused as state governments came to be dismissed on flimsy grounds for political reasons. After the S. R. Bommai v. Union of India  decision,[46][47] such a course of action is more difficult since the courts have asserted their right of review.[48]

text: The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts introduced the system of panchayati raj in rural areas and Nagar Palikas in urban areas.[15] Article 370 gives special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

text: Constitution and legislature

text: Amendments

text: Amendments are additions, variations or repeal of any part of the constitution by Parliament.[49] The procedure is detailed in Article 368. An amendment bill must be passed by each house of Parliament by a with a two-thirds majority of its total membership when at least two-thirds are present and vote. Certain amendments pertaining to the constitution's federal nature must also be ratified by a majority of state legislatures. Unlike ordinary bills in accordance with Article 245 (except for money bills), there is no provision for a joint session of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to pass a constitutional amendment. During a parliamentary recess, the president cannot promulgate ordinances under his legislative powers under Article 123, Chapter III. Deemed amendments to the constitution which can be passed under the legislative powers of parliament were invalidated by Article 368(1) in the Twenty-fourth Amendment.[49]

text: By July 2018, 124 amendment bills had been presented in Parliament; of these, 101 became Amendment Acts.[50] Despite the supermajority requirement for amendments to pass, the Indian constitution is the world's most frequently-amended national governing document.[51] The constitution is so specific in spelling out government powers that many amendments address issues dealt with by statute in other democracies.

text: In 2000, the Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission was formed to examine a constitutional update.[52] The government of India establishes term-based law commissions to recommend legal reforms, facilitating the rule of law.

text: Limitations

text: In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the Supreme Court ruled that an amendment cannot destroy what it seeks to modify; it cannot tinker with the constitution's basic structure or framework, which are immutable. Such an amendment will be declared invalid, although no part of the constitution is protected from amendment; the basic structure doctrine does not protect any one provision of the constitution. According to the doctrine, the constitution's basic features (when "read as a whole") cannot be abridged or abolished. These "basic features" have not been fully defined,[44] and whether a particular provision of the constitution is a "basic feature" is decided by the courts.[53]

text: The Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala decision laid down the constitution's basic structure:[54]

text:
Supremacy of the constitution
Republican, democratic form of government
Its secular nature
Separation of powers
Its federal character[54]

tag: ol

text: This implies that Parliament can only amend the constitution to the limit of its basic structure. The Supreme Court or a high court may declare the amendment null and void if this is violated, after a judicial review. This is typical of parliamentary governments, where the judiciary checks parliamentary power.

text: In its 1967 Golak Nath v. State of Punjab decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Punjab could not restrict any fundamental rights protected by the basic structure doctrine.[55] The extent of land ownership and practice of a profession, in this case, were considered fundamental rights.[56] The ruling was overturned with the ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1971.[56]

text: Constitution and judiciary

text: The judiciary is the final arbiter of the constitution.[57] Its duty (mandated by the constitution) is to act as a watchdog, preventing any legislative or executive act from overstepping constitutional bounds.[58] The judiciary protects the fundamental rights of the people (enshrined in the constitution) from infringement by any state body, and balances the conflicting exercise of power between the central government and a state (or states).

text: The courts are expected to remain unaffected by pressure exerted by other branches of the state, citizens or interest groups. An independent judiciary has been held as a basic feature of the constitution,[59][60] which cannot be changed by the legislature or the executive.[61]

text: Judicial review

text: Judicial review was adopted by the constitution of India from judicial review in the United States.[62] In the Indian constitution, judicial review is dealt with in Article 13. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. According to Article 13,

text:
All pre-constitutional laws, if they conflict wholly or in part with the constitution, shall have all conflicting provisions deemed ineffective until an amendment to the constitution ends the conflict; the law will again come into force if it is compatible with the constitution as amended (the Doctrine of Eclipse).[63]
Laws made after the adoption of the constitution must be compatible with it, or they will be deemed void ab initio.
In such situations, the Supreme Court (or a high court) determines if a law is in conformity with the constitution. If such an interpretation is not possible because of inconsistency (and where separation is possible), the provision which is inconsistent with the constitution is considered void. In addition to Article 13, Articles 32, 226 and 227 provide the constitutional basis for judicial review.[64]

text: Due to the adoption of the Thirty-eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court was not allowed to preside over any laws adopted during a state of emergency which infringe fundamental rights under article 32 (the right to constitutional remedies).[65] The Forty-second Amendment widened Article 31C and added Articles 368(4) and 368(5), stating that any law passed by Parliament could not be challenged in court. The Supreme Court ruled in Minerva Mills v. Union of India that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C.[66]

text: Flexibility

text: According to Granville Austin, "The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people."[i][67] The constitution has deliberately been worded in generalities (not in vague terms) to ensure its flexibility.[68] John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, said that a constitution's "great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves."[69] A document "intended to endure for ages to come",[70] it must be interpreted not only based on the intention and understanding of its framers, but in the existing social and political context.

text: The "right to life" guaranteed under Article 21[A] has been expanded to include a number of human rights, including the right to a speedy trial,[2][71]; the right to water;[2][72] the right to earn a livelihood,[2] the right to health,[2] and the right to education.[73]

text: At the conclusion of his book, Making of India's Constitution, retired Supreme Court of India justice Hans Raj Khanna wrote:

text: If the Indian constitution is our heritage bequeathed to us by our founding fathers, no less are we, the people of India, the trustees and custodians of the values which pulsate within its provisions! A constitution is not a parchment of paper, it is a way of life and has to be lived up to. Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty and in the final analysis, its only keepers are the people."[74]


document_title: Wrath of the Titans

question_text: who plays poseidon in wrath of the titans

root

text: Wrath of the Titans

text: Plot[edit]

text: Perseus (Sam Worthington), a son of Zeus (Liam Neeson), lives as a fisherman after the death of his wife, Io (portrayed by Gemma Arterton in the previous film), with his young son, Helius (John Bell). Zeus visits Perseus and asks for his help, saying that humans are not praying to the gods and as a result the gods are losing their power and becoming mortal. They can no longer sustain the walls of Tartarus which are crumbling, and the imprisoned Titan Kronos will soon be free. Perseus, valuing his family's safety, refuses to get involved.

tag: p

text: Zeus meets his brothers Hades (Ralph Fiennes) and Poseidon (Danny Huston), and his son Ares (Édgar Ramírez) in Tartarus. He asks Hades's help in rebuilding Tartarus's walls, but Hades rejects the offer and attacks Zeus. Ares betrays Zeus, imprisoning him and stealing his thunderbolt. Hades and Ares plan to make a deal with Kronos: in exchange for remaining immortal, they will drain Zeus's divine power to revive Kronos. The walls of Tartarus break, unleashing monsters onto the world.

text: After killing a Chimera that attacked his village, Perseus travels to meet his father. He instead finds a dying Poseidon who informs him of the circumstances and tells him to find his Demigod son Agenor (Toby Kebbell) who will lead him to Hephaestus, who knows the way into Tartarus. Poseidon then gives Perseus his trident and succumbs to the injuries he sustained when meeting Hades and dissolves into dust. Perseus, Andromeda (Rosamund Pike), and Agenor set out to find Hephaestus on a hidden island. Agenor explains that Hephaestus created three weapons which Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon wield: Zeus's thunderbolt, Hades's pitchfork, and Poseidon's trident, and that these weapons can jointly form the Spear of Trium, the only weapon that can defeat Kronos. After an encounter with 30 ft. Cyclopes, the travelers eventually meet the now mortal Hephaestus (Bill Nighy) and reach the entrance of a labyrinth leading to Tartarus. Hephaestus sacrifices himself during an attack by Ares to enable Perseus, Andromeda, and Agenor to enter the labyrinth.

text: The group eventually enters Tartarus. Meanwhile, Zeus has been almost entirely drained of power as Kronos awakens. Zeus apologizes to Hades for banishing him to the underworld and asks his forgiveness, as he has forgiven Hades for his actions. Hades decides to help Zeus and stop Kronos in contrast to Ares, who still wants to proceed to the former's revival. Perseus arrives and frees Zeus. Ares wounds Zeus with Hades' pitchfork, allowing Perseus to obtain it before he and the others escape Tartarus with Hades.

text: Aiming to retrieve Zeus' thunderbolt from Ares in order to defeat Kronos, Perseus challenges him to a duel. Ares accepts. Meanwhile, Andromeda's army is overwhelmed by the Makhai. Hades revives Zeus and together they defeat the creatures. Kronos appears and begins to attack Andromeda's army. Zeus and Hades hold off Kronos while Perseus duels Ares eventually killing him with the thunderbolt. Combining the gods' weapons into the Spear of Trium, Perseus destroys Kronos, traveling to his heart and throwing the spear into it.

text: Zeus reconciles with Perseus and then dies of his wounds as he dissolves. Hades tells Perseus that now he is powerless and leaves. Perseus kisses Andromeda. Helius tells his father that he wants to return to his life as a fisherman, but Perseus tells him they can't. Perseus encourages Helius to be proud of himself, as his son and the grandson of Zeus. The film ends with Perseus giving his sword to Helius.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sam Worthington as Perseus, the demigod son of Zeus, who defeated the Kraken and saved humanity; Zeus enlists Perseus' help in order to defeat the Titan Kronos.
Rosamund Pike as Andromeda, who was saved by Perseus when she was a princess; now crowned Queen of Argos, she joins Perseus in his quest to defeat Kronos.

Pike replaced Alexa Davalos in the role, due to a schedule conflict.

Liam Neeson as Zeus, the god of the sky and ruler of Mount Olympus, Perseus' father.
Ralph Fiennes as Hades, the god of the underworld, who makes a deal with Kronos.
Bill Nighy as Hephaestus, the fallen god, forger of the gods' weapons.
Édgar Ramírez as Ares, the god of war, who betrays his father Zeus to join Hades.
Toby Kebbell as Agenor, the demigod son of Poseidon; he joins Perseus in his quest to defeat Kronos.
Danny Huston as Poseidon, the god of the sea, Agenor's father.
John Bell as Helius, the young son of Perseus.
Lily James as Korrina, a female soldier from Argos.
Martin Bayfield as the Cyclops Elder, who leads Perseus and his group to Hephaestus.
Spencer Wilding as Minotaur, the ferocious creature who guards the labyrinth.
Sinead Cusack as Clea, Helius' teacher and guardian in Perseus' absence.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Talks of a sequel to Clash of the Titans began as early as March 2010. Tamer Hassan, who played Ares in the first film, stated at the film's world premiere that, "They want this one to do well so they can go ahead with the sequel, Return of the Gods".[7] In April 2010 it was reported that director Louis Leterrier would not return to direct, but would be an executive producer on the second installment. The report also stated that Sam Worthington was on board and that Greg Berlanti would write the story.[8]

text: In June 2010, Warner Bros. hired screenwriters David Leslie Johnson and Dan Mazeau to write the screenplay, with Basil Iwanyk returning as the producer.[9] Rather than being converted to 3D, it was announced that the sequel would be filmed in 3D.[9] In August 2010, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Jonathan Liebesman had signed a deal to direct the sequel.[10]

text: In September 2010, director Jonathan Liebesman confirmed that Sam Worthington, Gemma Arterton, Ralph Fiennes, and Liam Neeson would be returning.[11][12] However, Arterton did not reprise her role for unknown reasons, leaving her character, Io, dead in the film. In December 2010, Neeson revealed that the film would be titled Wrath of the Titans and that filming was expected to begin next March.[13]

text: In January 2011, it was reported that Édgar Ramírez and Toby Kebbell were in negotiations to play Ares and Agenor respectively. It was also reported that Bill Nighy was being courted to play Hephaestus. Additionally, Hayley Atwell was on the shortlist of actresses screen testing for the role of Andromeda, played in the previous film by Alexa Davalos who left due to a scheduling conflict. Other actresses being considered for Andromeda included Georgina Haig, Janet Montgomery, Dominique McElligott, and Clémence Poésy.[14]

text: In February 2011, it was reported that Rosamund Pike was near a deal for the part.[15] Also in February, Liebesman announced that Wrath of the Titans would be converted to 3D rather than shot in 3D as previously reported despite the negative criticism the first Clash of the Titans received for its use of post-conversion 3D. Liebesman explained, "I think what you have to remember is the first film was neither shot nor edited with 3D in mind. It was shot as a 2D movie and edited as a 2D film, and they decided to convert it with six or seven weeks to go until release, which is insane; the technology was not there. That's why we're conceiving it from the start, from the ground up, in 3D, editing in 3D for 3D." Liebesman also stated the reason behind the conversion was because he wants to shoot on film, which will give the film's imagery better texture than he would get shooting digitally.[16]

text: Principal photography began on March 23, 2011. Filming took place in studios outside London and later shot on location in Surrey, South Wales and in the Canary Islands on the island of Tenerife and Torres del Paine National Park in Chilean Patagonia.[17]

text: Release[edit]

text: Wrath of the Titans premiered on Monday, March 26, 2012 at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater in New York City.[18]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 26% of 166 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Its 3D effects are an improvement over its predecessor's, but in nearly every other respect, Wrath of the Titans fails to improve upon the stilted acting, wooden dialogue, and chaos-driven plot of the franchise's first installment".[19] Metacritic assigned the film an average score of 37 out of 100 based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[20] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, slightly better than the first film's "B" grade.[21]

text: The film earned a Razzie Award nomination for Neeson as Worst Supporting Actor.[22] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called it, "A relentlessly mechanical piece of work that will not or cannot take the imaginative leaps to yield even fleeting moments of awe, wonder or charm".[23] Roger Ebert, who gave the first film three stars, awarded Wrath with only two, remarking "It lacks a comprehensible story, and you won't need your CliffsNotes on the Greek myths. You get an idea of who the major players are, and then they spend a modest amount of time shouting laughable dialogue at one another while being all but forced off the screen by special effects.".[24] Mark Olsen of the Los Angeles Times criticized, "Directed this time out by Jonathan Liebesman, the film lacks inspiration or zest in storytelling, performance or action. This is pure product, a movie desperately without energy or enthusiasm of any kind".[25] However, there have been some positive reviews. Andrew Barker of Variety noted that, "The [Clash of the Titans] franchise has matured ever so slightly with Wrath of the Titans, hewing incrementally more faithfully to its Greek origins and trimming the fat in essential places".[26] Richard Corliss of Time magazine wrote, "Wrath [of the Titans] radiates the straight-forward, straight-faced pleasures of the mytho-muscular epics, like Hercules and Jason and the Argonauts, produced in Europe a half-century ago".[27] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly commented, "For a movie that's basically all warmed-over pseudo-mythology and special effects, Wrath of the Titans is certainly more fun, in its solemnly junky way, than John Carter. It may also be a little more fun than its cheeseball predecessor, the 2010 remake of Clash of the Titans".[28]

text: Box office[edit]

text:
"There's a lesson here: It might be better to burn out then fade away, as Neil Young famously sang, but not in the film business. If Wrath of the Titans ultimately flops, then, it will do so in the exact form today's Hollywood prefers: safely, quietly, without much of a fuss.

—Robert Levin of The Atlantic regarding the film's box office prospects and results.[29]

tag: div

text: Wrath of the Titans became a commercial disappointment. It earned a mediocre $83.6 million in North America and $221.6 million internationally for a worldwide total of $305.2 million, less than the $493 million grossed by its predecessor.[5] The film was co-financed by Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures for about $150 million, about $25 million more than it cost to produce the original.[21] It debuted day-and-date in 61 markets worldwide sans Japan and delivered a global opening of $110.3 million.[30][31]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film was released in a total of 3,545 theaters with 2,900 3D locations (4,400 3D screens), and 290 IMAX locations.[31] Initially, it was projected open around with $35–40 million.[32] It opened Friday, March 30, 2012 with $1 million from midnight screenings in 1,490 theaters.[31] The film went on to earn an estimated $34.2 million in North America through the weekend, which fell in line with the studio's projection and debuted in second place behind The Hunger Games which was playing its second weekend run.[33] The opening is over half of the original's $61.2 million debut. It played well in IMAX representing $4.7 million of the total weekend's gross. Not surprisingly, the follow-up attracted a large male contingent on its opening weekend with 66%. Roughly 65% of the moviegoers – about 55% of whom were over the age of 25 – saw the film in 3D.[21]

text: Dan Fellman, Warner Bros. president of domestic distribution, said the comparison between the opening of the first and second film was not fair because the original opened on Good Friday, when more teenagers were out on spring break. He lamented on the film's poor box office performance saying, "we made a decision to open a week before the holiday this time and generate positive word-of-mouth since we had issues with the last one regarding the 3-D conversion, we're gonna get there – we're just gonna get there in a different way."[21] However, despite not opening on a holiday weekend, the film had to the advantage of playing a week before Easter in which the company could avail the spring break, which was staggered over the next two weeks. Howbeit, all these didn't necessarily aided the film's further box office performance. Warner Bros. said they didn't expect the sequel to reach the same level.[32]

text: Outside North America, the film had a more successful opening but later on dwindled down due to bad word of mouth and eventually was unable to topple the first film's final $332 million international gross. It opened in first place – dethroning The Hunger Games — with $76.1 million from 14,600 screens (9,766 of which were in 3D) in 60 territories. It debuted in first place in 46 markets, notably in nine of the top 12 international territories including Korea ($4.3 million), France ($3.1 million) and Italy ($1.8 million). Its biggest opening territories were Russia and the CIS ($12.8 million, representing 18% of the total weekend foreign take), Mexico ($5.2 millio) and Brazil ($4.1 million). The film was ranked No. 1 in 11 markets across Latin America.[30] Also internationally, it had an IMAX opening of $4 million from 176 screens – or $22,000 per site – with Russia contributing about $55,000 per-screen at 19 IMAX locations.[30]

text: Cancelled sequel[edit]

text: Following the release of this film, a sequel called Revenge of the Titans was in the pipeline. However, due to Wrath's disappointing critical reception and box-office returns, the project was later shelved; this was confirmed by Sam Worthington in a 2013 interview.[citation needed]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Wrath of the Titans was released on Blu-ray, 3D Blu-ray, DVD and digital download on June 26, 2012.[34]