document_title: List of Highway Thru Hell episodes

question_text: how many seasons are there for highway through hell

root

text: List of Highway Thru Hell episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Season Premiere
Season Finale

1

10

September 4, 2012

December 25, 2012

2

13

September 3, 2013

November 19, 2013

3

13

September 2, 2014

November 25, 2014

4

13

September 8, 2015

December 1, 2015

5

13

September 13, 2016

December 6, 2016

6

14

September 5, 2017

December 4, 2017

tag: table

text: Seasons 1-6[edit]

text:
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]

tag: p

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"Death on the Coq"September 4, 2012 (2012-09-04)
The winter season is already off to a hellish start when a major blizzard slams the Coquihalla Highway. Jamie Davis Heavy Rescue's "A" team, Adam and Kevin, spends a busy morning clearing spun out semis off the road when word comes that a multi vehicle pile-up has closed down both northbound lanes. While Adam scrambles to get the highway open, Jamie tries to free a semi from a steep, icy off-ramp.  Jamie's eldest son, Brandon's first night on the job ended when he discovered a driver fatality crushed by the wheels.
2"Where's My Rotator?"September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)
A double-trailer load of lumber had flipped and spilled across a quarter mile of highway. Even with three heavy rescue trucks, Jamie's crew doesn't have enough equipment to do the job right. Adam is angry about the lack of equipment and the poor condition of his truck. Last year, Jamie ordered a state of the art heavy rescue truck called a Rotator. But the busy winter season is here and the custom-built wrecker still hasn't been delivered. Just days before Christmas, Jamie heads to the factory in Tennessee to bring it home himself with his new recruit, Hugo. While they are gone, Adam has his hands full with the B team when a semi filled with expensive wine goes off a cliff.
3"It's Stormy Everywhere"September 18, 2012 (2012-09-18)
Jamie's having second thoughts about bringing his son Brandon onboard when the teenager spends his paycheck on ear piercings. Then his right hand man Kevin shows up to a wreck without the gear he needs to control traffic. When Jamie confronts him, Kevin storms off the job. Jamie's one bright spot is his brand new truck, the Rotator. But even that lets him down when he's called out to save a trailer stuck in a ditch, and only ends up destroying it after Kevin discovered it was weighed down by boxes of cadmium.  Next night, little Jamie Jr. joins in as an observer for a seemingly 'easy job', only for Junior to fall asleep in the truck, while Jamie, Kevin and Brandon witnessed two more accidents in deteriorating weather and road conditions, turning it into a multi-car pileup, and Jamie ended up unnecessarily destroying the snow plow.
4"Roughing Up the Rookie"September 25, 2012 (2012-09-25)
To keep up with a busy season, Jamie hires on a new guy, greenhorn driver Rob. When Rob turns out to be a slow learner - and then goes AWOL during a major blizzard - Jamie's patience is pushed to the breaking point. Out of boredom, a prank on Rob ended on a sour note when news of a reefer truck with frozen foods crashes over a bank that ended up killing the driver, Jamie is forced to bring in a pick-up crew just to do the recovery while Rob guards the trailer.  However, with the cables for flipping the truck snapping, Jamie could get eletrocuted under the live electrical cables. Before firing Rob, he decides to give him one last chance when a call comes in for a repo job.
5"No Tears in Towing"October 2, 2012 (2012-10-02)
Jamie isn't the only tow guy on the Coq. Lone wolf Al Quiring is a tough as nails wrecker and Jamie's main rival, and despite living on the edge of Vancouver, is willing to travel long distances to poach work from Jamie's crew. Their dads did battle a generation ago, now Jamie and Al are fighting it out for the title -"King of the Coq". When the Rotator lands in the shop during an especially busy week by a cheap gasket leakage, Al uses it as a chance to scoop a job off Jamie. Things get more complicated when one of Jamie's new drivers, from the city, learns a close buddy has nearly died in a towing accident during a snowstorm. Ken Monkhouse, who is Vancouver-based, and far more experienced compared to Rob, is working only on commission, and having to hunt for work himself frustrates him, but has to put everything into perspective when he heads to the hospital and comes face to face with the reality of the career he has chosen, and a buddy who has lost his leg, while desperately trying to save the other leg, and was full conscious and aware through the ordeal when it was filmed on the news.  To make matters worse, Adam and Hugo must team up with Al and his new driver, Gord, to free up traffic after a multi-truck accident blocked the Coq, as well as racing against each other to get the better cut of the earnings.
6"The Avalanche Zone"October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09)
Heavy snowfall has created avalanche conditions on the Coq. Plow crews are barely able to keep up. When traffic starts backing up in high-risk avalanche zones, highway authorities decide to close the road in both directions. A team of avalanche techs flies up the mountain in helicopters to drop concussion bombs and release the build-up, but bad weather hampers their first attempt. With the Coq closed overnight, trucks are using the back roads to get through. Jamie's team is called out to recover a semi that went over the cliff on rural Highway 3. The next day is a battle on all fronts to get the Coq open - with helicopter teams dropping more bombs, highway crews faced with two feet of accumulation, and Jamie's team forced to call in a second rotator, who happened to be Jamie's brother, Jason.
7"Family Business"October 16, 2012 (2012-10-16)
In the mountains of the Pacific Northwest, on the Coquihalla Highway, a small job turns into a major headache and a father's dreams of his stepson joining the family business backfires as Brandon Kodallas' aspirations of being a gym instructor and his disdain to drive a manual transmission vehicles does not sit well with anybody else, while teaching Ken about rigging, something the Richmond-based city towie doesn't do.  When Ken and Samy were on their fourth attempt to recover an empty SUV that plunged off the cliff and into a river 1000 feet below, a simple job turned into a lost cause for the company.  Brandon walked off on the job after the operation took a lot longer than expected, but next morning, he learns the basics of car recovery and towing, but by the fifth attempt at recovering the car, Jamie gave up calling on Brandon and asked Gord to help.  After the job was finally done, Brandon invited Jamie and his wife to his gym and showed him his interpretation of the meaning of 'dedication'.
8"Yin & Yang"October 23, 2012 (2012-10-23)
Why is one guy always happy, while another is always pissed off? Kevin considers yard man/swamper Samy, a 40-year-old immigrant from Fiji, to be his assistant. When Kevin buys a video camera to film wrecks, his new hobby starts to get in the way of his current job. A head-on collision between two semis has the entire crew battling to clear the charred wreckage and get the road open. While Kevin captures the action on tape, Samy does most of the heavy lifting and dismantling of the burnt wreck, earning him a large bottle of scotch and Jamie's praise, even when he removed the barrel that could have been used to contain an oil leak, which heaped pressure to do a 2-hour salvage operation in just 20-minutes just to open the highway. That night, Samy, who sleeps in Jamie's office during the week, reveals that his hard work is all for his beloved wife and three kids. Meanwhile, Kevin, reviewing his footage at home, reveals that his video hobby started with his father, who worked in TV. When Kevin announced as a teen that he wanted to be a truck driver, his dad cut him off and hasn't seen him in over 20 years. He considers Jamie to be his adopted father. The next day, a harrowing drive up the Coq in dangerous avalanche conditions leaves both Kevin and Samy questioning why they do this for a living.  Samy returns to Vancouver to visit his family while Kevin raises safety issues with Jamie.  Since Kevin's truck was a converted fire truck, it has no protection from collisions
9"I Can't Take It Anymore!"October 30, 2012 (2012-10-30)
With spring coming, Jamie is facing a backlog of bills and heavy pressure to cut costs by laying off some of his staff, with Kevin and Samy laid off. When a semi full of mail goes off a cliff, Adam and the weary crew are sent out to unload and recover it. But a long season has everyone's tempers on edge. When a winter-worn cable snaps, narrowly missing Adams head, Jamie's most senior driver threatens to go on strike.  In the end of the winter season, Jamie has to be on call to deal with the wrecks alone.
10"After the Crash"December 25, 2012 (2012-12-25)
HIGHWAY THRU HELL: AFTER THE CRASH catches up with the heavy rescue crew as they reflect over the highs and lows on the mountain last winter. In between highlight clips, showing some of the best and worst times they had the over the season's eight gripping episodes, the guys talk about their toughest wrecks, worst injuries, stormiest weather, tense moments on the team, and why they stick it out despite it all. Jamie talks about being prepared for anything and how his amazing fleet of heavy rescue trucks helps him tackle it all. Ken, the new guy from the city, stops in for a beer and recounts his struggles adjusting to life on the mountain. Brandon, Jamie's 17-year-old stepson and last winter's rookie, takes some heat for his work ethic but isn't afraid to throw it back. As things are heating up, an unexpected visit from arch-rival Al Quiring brings out some serious barbs from Adam. Then Mark turns the tough questions on Kevin, Adam, and the boss himself, Jamie. It all ends with a surprise when Mark invites the guys to see the Coquihalla, and the majestic mountains surrounding it, from an angle they've never experienced: from mid-air in a helicopter.

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"Welcome To Winter"September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)
Jamie Davis, eager for the winter season to begin, has one thing on his mind - amp up his manpower and his equipment, so he's ready for anything that happens on the mountain. He has brought back a big crew - Adam Gazzola, Narayan Samy, Kevin Ritchie, Rob Mitchell, Bruce Hardy, Ken Monkhouse, the new guy Gord Lundin, and Davis' stepson Brandon Kodallas. Everyone has big, but not always realistic, expectations for the winter ahead. On the first job of the season, Davis' team struggles to find their groove unloading and recovering an expensive B-Train full of lumber for an important client. That night on the Coquihalla, Gazzola is first on site to a grocery truck fully engulfed in flames. With no fire department to help, Gazzola tries out an old fire truck Davis bought for cheap. Ritchie jumps to the task, but the truck is slow to start, and Davis' crew is left to struggle to put out the fire and get the truck off the highway. Later, Davis begins to doubt the optimistic gamble he's made this season and questions if he's brought on too much manpower and possibly the wrong machines.
2"Deadlift"September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10)
The closures of two major highways cause drivers to voice their frustration leaving Gazzola in a sour mood over all the grief he receives. Ken Monkhouse arrives at a job to find that the competition has gotten the jump on him. Responding to a woodchip wreck, Davis, Gazzola and Ritchie disagree on how to recover the wreck, leaving Davis to do his own swamping. Later, when a heavy SeaCan tips over, Davis and his rotator are pushed to their limit. Monkhouse, realizing he needs help in the car towing division, invites Kodallas for a lesson in a new truck, but Kodallas has words with his stepfather and walks off in a huff. Monkhouse then turns to the new guy - quiet, tattooed Lundin - testing him out on a tough tow lesson.
3"The Comeback Kid"September 17, 2013 (2013-09-17)
Jamie brings back veteran driver Scott by promising him a new state of the art heavy wrecker. But the new truck is months behind schedule, so Scott has to settle for a worn-out vintage truck. A grueling schedule pushes Adam to his breaking point and he goes AWOL, while Jamie is forced to abandon his Rotator on a backcountry road that is too dangerous to drive.
4"Two Guys, Two Trucks"September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24)
Tension between Jamie and Adam boil over as they struggle to flip a B-train on a narrow icy road. Adam comes close to quitting, but then backs off when Jamie makes him a promise. A two-car collision closes the snow shed and puts Ken's towing know-how to the test. A truckload of Christmas mail nearly goes off a cliff.
5"Sometimes The Patient Dies"October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01)
A trailer filled with costly pharmaceuticals gets imbedded in a block of ice. A truckload of frozen chickens crashes into a tangle of trees. 65-year-old Bruce begins to show signs that he may be over the hill. Rob's promotion to lead flagger is short-lived when police revoke his license for speeding.
6"Still Got It"October 8, 2013 (2013-10-08)
A local competitor challenges Jamie's status on the Hill. A trailer full of cat food bursts into flames - and Scott and Gord have to battle for two days to get the burning heap off the Smasher. Bruce gets into a fight that lands him in the hospital.
7"Crazy Horse"October 15, 2013 (2013-10-15)
The biggest storm of the season is about to hit the Coq with a fury, just as Jamie discovers that his license has expired. His day gets even worse when Scott smashes the Rotator. When Jamie then gets a call for a dream job it turns into the most challenging recovery of the season.
8"Suck It Up Princess"October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22)
A semi hits a barrier so hard that it tears off the trailer's rear axle, blocking the Coq's most important exit. Scott tells Jamie he's fed up with the vintage truck he's been driving, and a mysterious new driver shows up in the yard to start work.
9"Over The Edge"October 29, 2013 (2013-10-29)
Heavy rescue has to recover a severely damaged trailer loaded with millions of plastic beads. Spring rains are causing rock slides on Highway 1. When a B-train loaded with lumber drives off a cliff in order to avoid a boulder, Jamie's called in to recover the wreck before it falls down onto an active railroad line.
10"A Man Of My Word"November 5, 2013 (2013-11-05)
Jamie and crew wrestle to recover a trailer loaded with apples off a dangerous bridge. A multi-vehicle wreck turns deadly for a Good Samaritan. Scott returns after two weeks of forced vacation, hoping to finally get his new heavy rescue truck.
11"Cut In Half"November 12, 2013 (2013-11-12)
Adam and Jamie are forced to use some fancy rigging to try to save a wreck on Highway 1 that threatens to spill its load all over the road. When a new competitor rolls onto the mountain and cuts the work in half Jamie is forced to realize he can't afford to keep his world class fleet of trucks on the Coq.
12"Beer O'Clock"November 17, 2013 (2013-11-17)
Producer and Host Mark Miller joins the crew of Jamie Davis Heavy Rescue for "Beer O'Clock" for a pre-game build up to the season finale. Jamie, Adam, Scott, Ken, Bruce, Kevin and the rest of the guys share beers and trade stories about season 2 on the Coq
13"Closure Is Not An Option"November 19, 2013 (2013-11-19)
A new competitor on the Coq has cut Jamie's business in half, and the one job he lands in weeks ends up being a complex recovery that no one seems willing to pay for. Heavy rescue faces a life and death decision - shut down or leave the Coq for the oil rush boomtown of Fort McMurray and some steady cash. Determined that "closure is not an option" for Jamie Davis Heavy Rescue, the crew packs up and heads north in search of the new highway thru hell.

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"New Hell Old Hell"September 2, 2014 (2014-09-02)
A new winter season starts with Jamie Davis heavy rescue split in two… Adam has taken half the fleet north to Alberta’s rich and dangerous oil fields while Jamie stays back to fight and keep the Coq open all by himself.
2"New Hope"September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
Jamie realizes he can’t do it all alone in Hope and hires a new driver. But the newest addition ends up needing rescuing himself after he crashes Bruce’s legendary blue truck. Jamie’s stepson Brandon is forced to prove himself after his plans to join the Alberta team are put on hold. And rookie operator, Colin, learns just how tough his new boss Adam can be… when a seemingly simple job goes sideways.
3"Be Afraid"September 16, 2014 (2014-09-16)
A close call on the highway shows Brandon that fear is his best friend when it comes to staying alive. Jamie’s called to help save a woman trapped in an overturned truck submerged in an icy river. In Alberta, tempers flare in the extreme cold as the new crew is put to the test.
4"No Way Out"September 23, 2014 (2014-09-23)
A sudden winter storm slams B.C. – but Jamie is powerless to help. Two of Heavy Rescue’s crew face a life-or-death situation on a remote logging road. In Alberta, Adam calls for reinforcements when he just can’t budge a truck that’s flipped over a bank -- forcing Jamie to make a tough decision about moving his flagship Rotator out of B.C.
5"One Man, One Truck"September 30, 2014 (2014-09-30)
In B.C., a truck full of wine is sliced in half... Less than 24 hours after Jamie ships the Rotator to Alberta. Howie must tackle this monster recovery all on his own. And a cascade of wrecks on two different highways mean both Al Quiring and Adam Gazzola must face their own night from hell.
6"Back in the Saddle"October 7, 2014 (2014-10-07)
Howie faces a seemingly impossible challenge after a massive wreck spills lumber across a busy highway. With his heavy wrecker in for repairs, Howie must use a few small trucks to try and tackle a very, very big job. In northern Alberta, the Rotator faces its first real test as the crew works to prove they can handle the heavy industrial wrecks and extreme weather.
7"Red Hot Wrecks"October 14, 2014 (2014-10-14)
In Alberta and B.C., pipe trucks have rolled over and crews in both places race to open vital highways. Things for Al Quiring turn red hot when a trailer jammed with thousands of bottles of hot sauce is ripped open. Jamie and Brandon take a well-deserved break from clearing wrecks on the highway to compete in a car race on a frozen lake.
8"Uphill Battle"October 21, 2014 (2014-10-21)
A massive build up of snow on the Coq means avalanches are imminent if something isn’t done fast. In Alberta, Adam and Brandon face off in a clash that will change the course of the winter season.
9"Snowmageddon"October 28, 2014 (2014-10-28)
A record snowfall brings B.C.'s vital Coquihalla Highway to a standstill and sends shockwaves across the region. Howie leads a team on a dangerous recovery that sparks an unexpected emotional reaction. In Alberta, Adam and Colin have to get a toxic chemical wreck safely back on the road.
10"Prove Yourself"November 4, 2014 (2014-11-04)
The Alberta crew faces a complex recovery with a million dollar truck while Jamie struggles with an unstable wreck. Colin is forced to go it alone after a freak snowstorm leaves the highway littered with crashed vehicles.This episode was dedicated in memory of Bruce "Crazy Horse" Hardy.
11"Top Dog, Lone Wolf"November 11, 2014 (2014-11-11)
For the first time all season Howie and Adam end up on the same BC wreck and the old Coq vet doesn’t like how the new guy is running the show. In Alberta, the crew faces one of its biggest challenges yet when they attempt a recovery with two big wreckers on a very narrow industrial road.
12"Downhill Slide"November 18, 2014 (2014-11-18)
In BC, new-hires Phil and Wayne face big problems when they get their chance to run big wreckers. Al runs into trouble on a steep and twisting logging road. In Alberta, Jamie and Adam race to open two highways when both roads to Fort McMurray shut down.
13"Arming For Battle"November 25, 2014 (2014-11-25)
In the season finale, Adam faces a tough personal choice about his future in Heavy Rescue. Jamie finds himself in harm’s way on one of the most technically difficult recoveries of the year. As Jamie looks ahead to next season, he makes a bold gamble that impacts both his BC and Alberta operations.

text: Season 4[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"Casualties of War"September 8, 2015 (2015-09-08)
When winter strikes, Jamie's crew has to save a snowplow stuck in the grip of an icy river. Jamie pushes further into new territory, changes rock the company and the entire community says goodbye to a Heavy Rescue legend.
2"Saved on Preacher's Corner"September 15, 2015 (2015-09-15)
Jamie's new crew in British Columbia struggles with a mangled trailer on a blind and icy corner of highway 3. When Colin slips up on a big recovery in Alberta, Jamie's brother has to take over the job - even though he's new to the rotator.
3"War Zone"September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
When a lumber truck and diesel tanker collide, the flaming wreckage becomes the biggest recovery of Colin's career. As snowstorms pummel the Coquihalla, Al heads up to battle, while another operator faces off against a mangled tractor.
4"Holidays Thru Hell"September 29, 2015 (2015-09-29)
Al and Gord battle through a stormy night to keep the Coquihalla Highway open for Christmas. A semi plows off a bridge, stranding holiday travelers, and a remote logging road job forces Ken to relive his close call from last year.
5"Wreck, Recover, Repeat."October 6, 2015 (2015-10-06)
Al Quiring is in a high-pressure race to open the TransCanada Highway before rush hour. Jordie from Mission Towing faces a semi ready to split in two. Jamie Davis is running a race too when a pharmaceutical truck plunges down a bank.
6"Ice Storm"October 13, 2015 (2015-10-13)
Freezing rain covers Hope in a thick layer of ice, crippling Jamie's operations. A good friend of Jamie's is called into action when two semis collide head on, leaving wreckage scattered across the TransCanada Highway and a major rail line.
7"You Can't Argue with Gravity"October 20, 2015 (2015-10-20)
Al and Gord work to rescue a loaded semi that's teetering on the edge of a 300-foot drop. Colin faces a white-knuckle drive on a remote Alberta back road, and Jamie tests out a new driver, who might be in over his head.
8"My Purpose is to Protect"October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27)
When recovery crews team up for a massive wreck, a close call leads Brandon to reconsider his future in the business; attempts to straighten out a jackknifed truck get twisted.
9"A Moment's Notice"November 3, 2015 (2015-11-03)
Strategies collide when the Davis and Quiring families team up for a rare joint recovery that shuts down the busiest highway in B.C.; on the Coquihalla Highway, a big rig is left teetering in a seemingly impossible position.
10"Immovable Objects"November 10, 2015 (2015-11-10)
A simple job turns into an urgent puzzle when a flipped semi pulls Jamie back out on the road; Randy Jacknife faces one of the biggest and heaviest challenges of his career against an overturned truck trapped under its load of steel.
11"Nervous Wreck"November 17, 2015 (2015-11-17)
Al and Gord gamble on a job that's closed the highway and pushed both green wreckers to the limits; in Alberta, Jamie's crew battles a whiteout to reach a chain reaction wreck; in B.C., a wrecker is called in to help solve an underwater mystery.
12"Rear View"November 24, 2015 (2015-11-24)
The cast and crew discuss the shows past 4 seasons, including what former drivers of Jamie Davis are currently doing.
13"Fork In The Road"December 1, 2015 (2015-12-01)
Jamie takes control of the rotator for the first time in months; Jamie turns to his competition for advice about a major decision that will determine the future of Heavy Rescue.

text: Season 5[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"Less Is More"September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)
Jamie Davis battles a truck fire on The Coq, then reveals big changes to his operation. Jordie welcomes his brother back to the family business as they tackles a vehicle in a river. In Alberta, Colin takes on a hazardous load.
2"Suicide Creek"September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
Mission Towing races to an urgent call on a logging road after a truck tumbles 90 feet into a creek. Jamie Davis deploys air bags to flip a bulging tractor trailer loaded with groceries in Alberta. Scott and Mike try to solve a roadside mystery on the Coq.
3"Bridge Out"September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
A jackknifed semi-trailer on the edge of a bridge has Jamie Davis and his Heavy Rescue team on one of the most heart stopping wrecks of the season. On an active logging road in BC's Fraser Canyon, Nik and the Mission Towing team race to finish a recovery and open the road before a convoy of equipment reaches them.
4"Wind Storm"October 4, 2016 (2016-10-04)
5"Christmas Wrap"October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
6"In Deep"October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
7"Man Against Machine"October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
8"Crossroads"November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
9"Pick Up Sticks"November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)
10"Family Matters"November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
11"All Nighter"November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
A spectacular crash between two tractor-trailers has Jordie's crew working through the night. Scott is forced to get 'inventive' to finish a job. Al and Gord try to get a handle on a 30-ton cement drum.
12"Heavy Duty"November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
Jamie's rookie driver Mike is dispatched to rescue a convoy of oversized loads on The Coq. Scott battles to keep a spun out lumber truck from tipping. Mission Towing tries to fish a 40-thousand pound relic out of a river.
13"Long Way Down"December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
Al Quiring attempts to pull up a logging truck that plunged 700 feet off a cliff. Jamie and Scott team up on a heavy roll over in the Fraser Canyon. As winter comes to a close, Nik reflects on his return to heavy rescue while he tackles one final job.

text: Season 6[edit]

text:
Ep #

Title

Airdate

1"Cliffhanger"September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
2"Unfinished Business"September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
3"Gate Crasher"September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
4"Slippery Slope"September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
5"Perfect Storm"October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
6"Python Unleashed"October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
7"Hell of a Ride"October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
8"Reading the Road"October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
9"Snowbound"October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
10"Junior's Job"November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
11"Bumpy Ride"November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
12"Trapped"November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
13"No Man's Land"November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
14"Hooked"December 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)


document_title: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

question_text: who holds the record for most number of dot balls in ipl

text: Team records

text: Results summary

text:
Team
Span
Mat
Won
Lost
Tie+W
Tie+L
NR
Win %
Titles

Mumbai Indians
2008–2018
171
97
73
1
0
0
57.01

3

Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008–2018
167
78
84
1
1
3
48.17

0

Kolkata Knight Riders
2008–2018
162
85
75
0
2
0
53.08

2

Kings XI Punjab
2008–2018
162
74
86
2
0
0
46.29

0

Delhi Daredevils
2008–2018
161
67
91
0
1
2
42.45

0

Chennai Super Kings
2008–2018
148
90
56
0
1
1
61.56
3

Rajasthan Royals
2008–2018
132
68
60
2
1
1
53.05
1

Sunrisers Hyderabad
2013–2018
93
51
41
1
0
0
55.37

1

Deccan Chargers
2008–2012
75
29
46
0
0
0
38.66
1

Pune Warriors India
2011–2013
46
12
33
0
0
1
26.66
0

Rising Pune Supergiants
2016–2017
30
15
15
0
0
0
50.00

0

Gujarat Lions
2016–2017
30
13
16
0
1
0
45.00

0

Kochi Tuskers Kerala
2011–2011
14
6
8
0
0
0
42.85
0

text: Note:

text:
Defunct Teams
Tie+W and Tie+L indicates matches tied and then won or lost by "Super Over"
The result percentage excludes no results and counts ties (irrespective of a tiebreaker) as half a win
The total matches does not include matches played for Champions League T20

tag: ul

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Highest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

263/5 [a]
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
2013

248/3

Royal Challengers Bangalore

Gujarat Lions

2016

246/5
Chennai Super Kings
Rajasthan Royals
2010

245/6
Kolkata Knight Riders
Kings XI Punjab
2018

240/5
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
2008

235/1
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mumbai Indians
2015

text: Last updated: 12 May 2018

text: Lowest totals

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

49
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kolkata Knight Riders
2017

58
Rajasthan Royals
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2009

66
Delhi Daredevils
Mumbai Indians
2017

67
Delhi Daredevils
Kings XI Punjab
2017

67
Kolkata Knight Riders
Mumbai Indians
2008

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Highest successful run chases

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

217/7
Rajasthan Royals
Deccan Chargers
2008

214/3
Delhi Daredevils
Gujarat Lions
2017

211/4
Kings XI Punjab
Sunrisers Hyderabad
2014

208/5
Chennai Super Kings
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2012

207/5
Chennai Super Kings
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2018

text: Last updated: 21 May 2018

text: Lowest scores defended

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Opponent score
Season

116/9
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
92/8
2009

118
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Mumbai Indians
87
2018

119/8
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
116/7
2009

Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors India
108/10
2013

120/9
Mumbai Indians
Pune Warriors India
119/6
2012

126/8
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Chennai Super Kings
112/8
2008

Sunrisers Hyderabad
Pune Warriors India
104/10
2013

text: Largest victories (by runs)

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

146
Mumbai Indians
Delhi Daredevils
2017

144
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Gujarat Lions
2016

140
Kolkata Knight Riders
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008

138
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Kings XI Punjab
2015

130
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Pune Warriors
2013

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Batting records

text: Most runs

text:
Batsman
Inns
Runs
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
172
4985
2008–2018

 Virat Kohli (RCB)
155
4948
2008–2018

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
168
4493
2008–2018

 Gautam Gambhir (DD, KKR)
152
4217
2008–2018

 Robin Uthappa (KKR, MI, PWI, RCB)
159
4129
2008–2018

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Highest individual score

text:
Batsman
Runs
Balls
Opp
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
7002175000000000000♠175*
66
PWI
2013

 Brendon McCullum (KKR)
7002158000000000000♠158*
73
RCB
2008

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
7002133000000000000♠133*
59
MI
2015

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
7002129000000000000♠129*
52
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
7002128000000000000♠128*
62
DD
2012

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Most sixes (overall)

text:
Batsman

Inn
6's
Span

 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB, KXIP)

111

292

2009–2018

 AB de Villiers (DD, RCB)

129

187

2008-2018

 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)

158

186

2008–2018

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)

172

185

2008–2018

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)

168

184

2008–2018

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Most sixes (innings)

text:
Batsman
6's
Opponent
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
17
PWI
2013

 Brendon McCullum (KKR)
13
RCB
2008

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
DD
2012

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
12
KXIP
2015

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest centuries

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
30
PWI
2013

 Yusuf Pathan (RR)
37
MI
2010

 David Miller (KXIP)
38
RCB
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)
42
MI
2008

 AB de Villiers (RCB)
43
GL
2016

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Fastest fifties

text:
Batsman
Balls
Opp
Season

 K. L. Rahul (KXIP)

14

DD

2018

 Sunil Narine (KKR)

15

RCB

2017

 Yusuf Pathan (KKR)
SRH
2014

 Suresh Raina (CSK)

16

KXIP

2014

 Sunil Narine (KKR)

17

RCB

2018

 Ishan Kishan (MI)
KKR
2018

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
KKR
2016

 Chris Morris (DD)
GL
2016

 Chris Gayle (RCB)
PWI
2013

 Adam Gilchrist (DC)

DD

2009

 Jos Buttler (RR)

18

DD

2018

text: Last updated: 8 April 2018

text: Best strike rate

text:
Batsman
SR
Span

 Andre Russell (DD, KKR)
177.29
2012–2018

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
168.81
2012–2018

 Chris Morris (CSK, DD, RR)
166.66
2013–2018

 Rishabh Pant (DD)
162.71
2016–2018

 Glenn Maxwell (DD, KXIP, MI)
161.13
2012–2018

text: Minimum balls faced – 125

text: Last updated: 28 May 2017

text: Bowling records

text: Most wickets

text:
Bowler
Inn
Wkts
Span

 Lasith Malinga (MI)
110
154
2009–2017

 Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)
136
146
2008–2018

 Piyush Chawla (KXIP, KKR)
143
140
2008–2018

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, GL, MI)

119

136

2008–2018

 Harbhajan Singh (MI, CSK)
146
134
2008–2018

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Best bowling figures in an innings

text:
Player
Ovr
BBI
Opp
Season

 Sohail Tanvir (RR)
4.0
6-14
CSK
2008

 Adam Zampa (RPS)
4.0
6-19
SRH
2016

 Anil Kumble (RCB)
3.1
5-5
RR
2009

 Ishant Sharma (DC)
3.0
5-12
KTK
2011

 Lasith Malinga (MI)
3.4
5-13
DD
2011

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Best bowling averages

text:
Player
Mat
Average
Span

 Andrew Tye (KXIP, GL)
20
16.36
2017–2018

 Doug Bollinger (CSK)
27
18.72
2010–2012

 Dimitri Mascarenhas (KXIP, RR)
13
18.73
2008–2013

 Lasith Malinga (MI)
110
19.01
2009–2017

 Farveez Maharoof (DC)
20
19.25
2008–2010

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Best economy rates

text:
Player
Mat
Econ
Span

 Sunil Narine (KKR)
98
6.54
2012–2018

 Shaun Pollock (MI)
13
6.54
2008–2008

 Anil Kumble (RCB)
42
6.57
2009–2010

 Glenn Mcgrath (DD)
14
6.61
2008–2008

 Muttiah Muralitharan (CSK, KTK, RCB)
66
6.67
2008–2014

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Most runs conceded in an innings

text:
Bowler
Overs
Wkts
Runs
Opp
Season

 Basil Thampi (SRH)
4.0
0
70
RCB
2018

 Ishant Sharma (SRH)
4.0
0
66
CSK
2013

 Umesh Yadav (DD)
4.0
0
65
RCB
2013

 Sandeep Sharma (KXIP)
4.0
1
65
SRH
2014

 Varun Aaron (DD)
4.0
2
63
CSK
2012

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Most dot balls bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Dot Balls

 Harbhajan Singh

145

1128

 Praveen Kumar

119

1075

 Lasith Malinga

110

1060

 Amit Mishra

136

1027

 Piyush Chawla

143

1020

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Most maiden overs bowled

text:
Player
Inns
Maidens

 Praveen Kumar

119

14

 Irfan Pathan

101

10

 Lasith Malinga

110

8

 Sandeep Sharma

68

8

 Dhawal Kulkarni

79

7

 Dale Steyn

90

7

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: List of hat-tricks

text:
No.
Bowler
Opp
Season

1

 Lakshmipathy Balaji (CSK)

KXIP

2008

2

 Amit Mishra (DD)

DC

2008

3

 Makhaya Ntini (CSK)

KKR

2008

4

 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)

RCB

2009

5

 Rohit Sharma (DC)

MI

2009

6

 Yuvraj Singh (KXIP)

DC

2009

7

 Praveen Kumar (RCB)

RR

2010

8

 Amit Mishra (DC)

KXIP

2011

9

 Ajit Chandila (RR)

PWI

2012

10

 Sunil Narine (KKR)

KXIP

2013

11

 Amit Mishra (SRH)

PWI

2013

12

 Pravin Tambe (RR)

KKR

2014

13

 Shane Watson (RR)

SRH

2014

14

 Axar Patel (KXIP)

GL

2016

15

 Samuel Badree (RCB)

MI

2017

16

 Andrew Tye (GL)

RPS

2017

17

 Jaydev Unadkat (RPS)

SRH

2017

text: Hat-tricks in IPL[1]

text: Last updated: 21 May 2017

text: Wicketkeeping and fielding records

text: Most dismissals

text:
Wicket Keeper
Dis
Ct
St
Span

 Dinesh Karthik (DD, KXIP, MI, RCB, KKR, GL)
124
94
30
2008–2018

 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)
116
83
33
2008–2018

 Robin Uthappa (KKR, MI, PWI, RCB)
90
58
32
2008–2018

 Naman Ojha (DD, RR, SRH)
75
65
10
2008–2018

 Parthiv Patel (CSK, DC, KTK, MI, RCB, SRH)
74
60
14
2008–2018

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Most catches (fielder)

text:
Player
Ct
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)
95
2008–2018

 Rohit Sharma (DC, MI)
79
2008–2018

 AB de Villiers (DD, RCB)

78

2008–2018

 Kieron Pollard (MI)
74
2010–2018

 Dwayne Bravo (CSK, MI, Gujarat Lions)
69
2008–2018

text: Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Miscellaneous records

text:
Records

Player / Team

Stats

Season / Span

Team

Most wins[2]

Mumbai Indians

97

(2008–2018)

Most defeats[2]

Delhi Daredevils

91

(2008–2018)

Highest win%[2]

Chennai Super Kings

61.56

(2008–2018)

Largest victory (runs)[3]

Mumbai Indians v Delhi Daredevils

146

2017

Most consecutive wins(season)[4]

Kolkata Knight Riders

9

2014

Most consecutive wins(overall)

Kolkata Knight Riders

10

(2014–2015)

Most consecutive defeats(season)[5]

Delhi DaredevilsPune Warriors

9

20142012

Most consecutive defeats(overall)

Delhi DaredevilsPune Warriors

11

(2014–2015)(2012–2013)

Batting

Most 100s[6]

 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB,  KXIP)

6

(2008–2018)

Most 50s[7]

 David Warner (DD, SRH)

36

(2009–2017)

Highest Partnership[8]

 Virat Kohli (RCB) AB de Villiers (RCB)

229

2016

Most ducks[9]

 Harbhajan Singh (MI)

13

(2008–2018)

Bowling

Most 4 wicket hauls[10][11]

 Sunil Narine (KKR)

6

(2012–2018)

Most 5 wicket hauls[12]

 James Faulkner (KXIP, PWI, RR )

2

(2011–2017)

Most hat-tricks[1]

 Amit Mishra (DC, DD, SRH)

3

(2008–2018)

Other Miscellaneous

Most matches[13]

 Suresh Raina (CSK, GL)

176

(2008–2018)

Most matches as captain[14]

 MS Dhoni (CSK, RPS)

159

(2008–2018)

Most man of the matches[15]

 Chris Gayle (KKR, RCB,  KXIP)

20

(2008–2018)

Most matches as umpire[16]

 Sundaram Ravi

97

(2009–2018)

text: ☢ Last updated: 28 May 2018

text: Awards


document_title: Burgers and Fries

question_text: who sings burgers & fries & cherry pies

question_tokens: who sings burgers & fries & cherry pies

text: Burgers and Fries

text:
"Burgers and Fries"Single by Charley Pridefrom the album Burgers and FriesB-side
"Nothing's Prettier Than Rose Is"Released
October 1978Genre
CountryLength
3:08Label
RCASongwriter(s)
Ben PetersProducer(s)

Jerry Bradley
Charley Pride
Charley Pride singles chronology

"When I Stop Leavin' (I'll Be Gone)" (1978)

"Burgers and Fries" (1978)

"Where Do I Put Her Memory" (1979)

"When I Stop Leavin' (I'll Be Gone)"(1978)

"Burgers and Fries"(1978)

"Where Do I Put Her Memory"(1979)

text: "Burgers and Fries" is a song written by Ben Peters and recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride.  It was released in October 1978 as the second single and title track from his album Burgers and Fries.  The song peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.[1] It also reached number 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.[2]

text: Content[edit]

text: The song is a young man's reflection of a relationship that had failed. He recalls how simple things used to be between the two, recalling the simplicity of such things as "burgers and fries and cherry pies," hand-holding walks along the beach and drive-in movies on moonlit nights, all before things changed between the two and he doesn't know why. He then notes he wishes things could go back to the way they were before. The song was later featured in the 1997 thriller film Breakdown, starring Kurt Russell.

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1978–79)

Peakposition

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[3]

2

Canadian RPM Country Tracks

1


document_title: Optical telescope

question_text: the part of a telescope that gathers the light from a distant object

question_tokens: the part of a telescope that gathers the light from a distant object

text: Optical telescope

text: History[edit]

text: The telescope is more a discovery of optical craftsmen than an invention of a scientist.[1][2] The lens and the properties of refracting and reflecting light had been known since antiquity and theory on how they worked were developed by ancient Greek philosophers, preserved and expanded on in the medieval Islamic world, and had reached a significantly advanced state by the time of the telescope's invention in early modern Europe.[3][4] But the most significant step cited in the invention of the telescope was the development of lens manufacture for spectacles,[2][5][6] first in Venice and Florence in the thirteenth century,[7] and later in the spectacle making centers in both the Netherlands and Germany.[8] It is in the Netherlands in 1608 where the first recorded optical telescopes (refracting telescopes) appeared. The invention is credited to the spectacle makers Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen in Middelburg, and the instrument-maker and optician Jacob Metius of Alkmaar.[9]

text: Galileo greatly improved[citation needed] on these designs the following year, and is generally credited as the first to use a telescope for astronomy. Galileo's telescope used Hans Lippershey's design of a convex objective lens and a concave eye lens, and this design is now called a Galilean telescope. Johannes Kepler proposed an improvement on the design[10] that used a convex eyepiece, often called the Keplerian Telescope.

text: The next big step in the development of refractors was the advent of the Achromatic lens in the early 18th century,[11] which corrected the chromatic aberration in Keplerian telescopes up to that time—allowing for much shorter instruments with much larger objectives.

text: For reflecting telescopes, which use a curved mirror in place of the objective lens, theory preceded practice. The theoretical basis for curved mirrors behaving similar to lenses was probably established by Alhazen, whose theories had been widely disseminated in Latin translations of his work.[12] Soon after the invention of the refracting telescope Galileo, Giovanni Francesco Sagredo, and others, spurred on by their knowledge that curved mirrors had similar properties as lenses, discussed the idea of building a telescope using a mirror as the image forming objective.[13] The potential advantages of using parabolic mirrors (primarily a reduction of spherical aberration with elimination of chromatic aberration) led to several proposed designs for reflecting telescopes,[14] the most notable of which was published in 1663 by James Gregory and came to be called the Gregorian telescope,[15][16] but no working models were built. Isaac Newton has been generally credited with constructing the first practical reflecting telescopes, the Newtonian telescope, in 1668[17] although due to their difficulty of construction and the poor performance of the speculum metal mirrors used it took over 100 years for reflectors to become popular. Many of the advances in reflecting telescopes included the perfection of parabolic mirror fabrication in the 18th century,[18] silver coated glass mirrors in the 19th century, long-lasting aluminum coatings in the 20th century,[19] segmented mirrors to allow larger diameters, and active optics to compensate for gravitational deformation. A mid-20th century innovation was catadioptric telescopes such as the Schmidt camera, which uses both a lens (corrector plate) and mirror as primary optical elements, mainly used for wide field imaging without spherical aberration.

text: The late 20th century has seen the development of adaptive optics and space telescopes to overcome the problems of astronomical seeing.

text: Principles[edit]

text: The basic scheme is that the primary light-gathering element the objective (1) (the convex lens or concave mirror used to gather the incoming light), focuses that light from the distant object (4) to a focal plane where it forms a real image (5). This image may be recorded or viewed through an eyepiece (2), which acts like a magnifying glass. The eye (3) then sees an inverted magnified virtual image (6) of the object.

text: Inverted images[edit]

text: Most telescope designs produce an inverted image at the focal plane; these are referred to as inverting telescopes. In fact, the image is both turned upside down and reversed left to right, so that altogether it is rotated by 180 degrees from the object orientation. In astronomical telescopes the rotated view is normally not corrected, since it does not affect how the telescope is used. However, a mirror diagonal is often used to place the eyepiece in a more convenient viewing location, and in that case the image is erect, but still reversed left to right. In terrestrial telescopes such as spotting scopes, monoculars and binoculars, prisms (e.g., Porro prisms) or a relay lens between objective and eyepiece are used to correct the image orientation. There are telescope designs that do not present an inverted image such as the Galilean refractor and the Gregorian reflector. These are referred to as erecting telescopes.

text: Design variants[edit]

text: Many types of telescope fold or divert the optical path with secondary or tertiary mirrors. These may be integral part of the optical design (Newtonian telescope, Cassegrain reflector or similar types), or may simply be used to place the eyepiece or detector at a more convenient position. Telescope designs may also use specially designed additional lenses or mirrors to improve image quality over a larger field of view.

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Design specifications relate to the characteristics of the telescope and how it performs optically. Several properties of the specifications may change with the equipment or accessories used with the telescope; such as Barlow lenses, star diagonals and eyepieces. These interchangeable accessories don't alter the specifications of the telescope, however they alter the way the telescopes properties function, typically magnification, angular resolution and FOV.

text: Surface resolvability[edit]

text:
The smallest resolvable surface area of an object, as seen through an optical telescope, is the limited physical area that can be resolved. It is analogous to angular resolution, but differs in definition: instead of separation ability between point-light sources it refers to the physical area that can be resolved. A familiar way to express the characteristic is the resolvable ability of features such as Moon craters or Sun spots. Expression using the formula is given by the sum of twice the resolving power

R

{\displaystyle R}

 over aperture diameter

D

{\displaystyle D}

 multiplied by the objects diameter

D

o
b

{\displaystyle D_{ob}}

 multiplied by the constant

Φ

{\displaystyle \Phi }

 all divided by the objects apparent diameter

D

a

{\displaystyle D_{a}}

.[20][21]

text:
Resolving power

R

{\displaystyle R}

 is derived from the wavelength

λ

{\displaystyle {\lambda }}

 using the same unit as aperture; where 550 nm to mm is given by:

R
=

λ

10

6

=

550

10

6

=
0.00055

{\displaystyle R={\frac {\lambda }{10^{6}}}={\frac {550}{10^{6}}}=0.00055}

.
The constant

Φ

{\displaystyle \Phi }

 is derived from radians to the same unit as the objects apparent diameter; where the Moons apparent diameter of

D

a

=

313
Π

10800

{\displaystyle D_{a}={\frac {313\Pi }{10800}}}

 radians to arcsecs is given by:

D

a

=

313
Π

10800

∗
206265
=
1878

{\displaystyle D_{a}={\frac {313\Pi }{10800}}*206265=1878}

.

text:
An example using a telescope with an aperture of 130 mm observing the Moon in a 550 nm wavelength, is given by:

F
=

2
R

D

∗

D

o
b

∗
Φ

D

a

=

2
∗
0.00055

130

∗
3474.2
∗
206265

1878

≈
3.22

{\displaystyle F={\frac {{\frac {2R}{D}}*D_{ob}*\Phi }{D_{a}}}={\frac {{\frac {2*0.00055}{130}}*3474.2*206265}{1878}}\approx 3.22}

text: The unit used in the object diameter results in the smallest resolvable features at that unit. In the above example they are approximated in kilometers resulting in the smallest resolvable Moon craters being 3.22 km in diameter. The Hubble Space Telescope has a primary mirror aperture of 2400 mm that provides a surface resolvability of Moon craters being 174.9 meters in diameter, or sunspots of 7365.2 km in diameter.

text: Angular resolution[edit]

text: Ignoring blurring of the image by turbulence in the atmosphere (atmospheric seeing) and optical imperfections of the telescope, the angular resolution of an optical telescope is determined by the diameter of the primary mirror or lens gathering the light (also termed its "aperture").

text:
The Rayleigh criterion for the resolution limit

α

R

{\displaystyle \alpha _{R}}

 (in radians) is given by

text:
where

λ

{\displaystyle \lambda }

 is the wavelength and

D

{\displaystyle D}

 is the aperture. For visible light (

λ

{\displaystyle \lambda }

 = 550 nm) in the small-angle approximation, this equation can be rewritten:

text:
Here,

α

R

{\displaystyle \alpha _{R}}

 denotes the resolution limit in arcseconds and

D

{\displaystyle D}

 is in millimeters. In the ideal case, the two components of a double star system can be discerned even if separated by slightly less than

α

R

{\displaystyle \alpha _{R}}

. This is taken into account by the Dawes limit

text: The equation shows that, all else being equal, the larger the aperture, the better the angular resolution. The resolution is not given by the maximum magnification (or "power") of a telescope. Telescopes marketed by giving high values of the maximum power often deliver poor images.

text: For large ground-based telescopes, the resolution is limited by atmospheric seeing. This limit can be overcome by placing the telescopes above the atmosphere, e.g., on the summits of high mountains, on balloon and high-flying airplanes, or in space. Resolution limits can also be overcome by adaptive optics, speckle imaging or lucky imaging for ground-based telescopes.

text: Recently, it has become practical to perform aperture synthesis with arrays of optical telescopes. Very high resolution images can be obtained with groups of widely spaced smaller telescopes, linked together by carefully controlled optical paths, but these interferometers can only be used for imaging bright objects such as stars or measuring the bright cores of active galaxies.

text: Focal length and focal ratio[edit]

text:
The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light. For an optical system in air, it is the distance over which initially collimated rays are brought to a focus. A system with a shorter focal length has greater optical power than one with a long focal length; that is, it bends the rays more strongly, bringing them to a focus in a shorter distance. In astronomy, the f-number is commonly referred to as the focal ratio notated as

N

{\displaystyle N}

. The focal ratio of a telescope is defined as the focal length

f

{\displaystyle f}

 of an objective divided by its diameter

D

{\displaystyle D}

 or by the diameter of an aperture stop in the system. The focal length controls the field of view of the instrument and the scale of the image that is presented at the focal plane to an eyepiece, film plate, or CCD.

text:
An example of a telescope with a focal length of 1200 mm and aperture diameter of 254 mm is given by:

N
=

f
D

=

1200
254

≈
4.7

{\displaystyle N={\frac {f}{D}}={\frac {1200}{254}}\approx 4.7}

text: Numerically large Focal ratios are said to be long or slow. Small numbers are short or fast. There are no sharp lines for determining when to use these terms, an individual may consider their own standards of determination. Among contemporary astronomical telescopes, any telescope with a focal ratio slower (bigger number) than f/12 is generally considered slow, and any telescope with a focal ratio faster (smaller number) than f/6, is considered fast. Faster systems often have more optical aberrations away from the center of the field of view and are generally more demanding of eyepiece designs than slower ones. A fast system is often desired for practical purposes in astrophotography with the purpose of gathering more photons in a given time period than a slower system, allowing time lapsed photography to process the result faster.

text: Wide-field telescopes (such as astrographs), are used to track satellites and asteroids, for cosmic-ray research, and for astronomical surveys of the sky. It is more difficult to reduce optical aberrations in telescopes with low f-ratio than in telescopes with larger f-ratio.

text: Light-gathering power[edit]

text:
The light-gathering power of an optical telescope, also referred to as light grasp or aperture gain, is the ability of a telescope to collect a lot more light than the human eye. Its light-gathering power is probably its most important feature. The telescope acts as a light bucket, collecting all of the photons that come down on it from a far away object, where a larger bucket catches more photons resulting in more received light in a given time period, effectively brightening the image. This is why the pupils of your eyes enlarge at night so that more light reaches the retinas. The gathering power

P

{\displaystyle P}

 compared against a human eye is the squared result of the division of the aperture

D

{\displaystyle D}

 over the observer's pupil diameter

D

p

{\displaystyle D_{p}}

,[20][21] with an average adult having a pupil diameter of 7mm. Younger persons host larger diameters, typically said to be 9mm, as the diameter of the pupil decreases with age.

text:
An example gathering power of an aperture with 254 mm compared to an adult pupil diameter being 7 mm is given by:

P
=

(

D

D

p

)

2

=

(

254
7

)

2

≈
1316.7

{\displaystyle P=\left({\frac {D}{D_{p}}}\right)^{2}=\left({\frac {254}{7}}\right)^{2}\approx 1316.7}

text:
Light-gathering power can be compared between telescopes by comparing the areas

A

{\displaystyle A}

 of the two different apertures.

text:
As an example, the light-gathering power of a 10 meter telescope is 25x that of a 2 meter telescope:

p
=

A

1

A

2

=

π

5

2

π

1

2

=
25

{\displaystyle p={\frac {A_{1}}{A_{2}}}={\frac {\pi 5^{2}}{\pi 1^{2}}}=25}

text: For a survey of a given area, the field of view is just as important as raw light gathering power. Survey telescopes such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope try to maximize the product of mirror area and field of view (or etendue) rather than raw light gathering ability alone.

text: Magnification[edit]

text: The magnification through a telescope magnifies a viewing object while limiting the FOV. Magnification is often misleading as the optical power of the telescope, its characteristic is the most misunderstood term used to describe the observable world. At higher magnifications the image quality significantly reduces, usage of a Barlow lens—which increases the effective focal length of an optical system—multiplies image quality reduction.

text: Similar minor effects may be present when using star diagonals, as light travels through a multitude of lenses that increase or decrease effective focal length. The quality of the image generally depends on the quality of the optics (lenses) and viewing conditions—not on magnification.

text: Magnification itself is limited by optical characteristics. With any telescope or microscope, beyond a practical maximum magnification, the image looks bigger but shows no more detail. It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called empty magnification.

text: To get the most detail out of a telescope, it is critical to choose the right magnification for the object being observed. Some objects appear best at low power, some at high power, and many at a moderate magnification. There are two values for magnification, a minimum and maximum. A wider field of view eyepiece may be used to keep the same eyepiece focal length whilst providing the same magnification through the telescope. For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction.

text: Visual[edit]

text:
The visual magnification

M

{\displaystyle M}

 of the field of view through a telescope can be determined by the telescopes focal length

f

{\displaystyle f}

 divided by the eyepiece focal length

f

e

{\displaystyle f_{e}}

 (or diameter).[20][21] The maximum is limited by the diameter of the eyepiece.

text:
An example of visual magnification using a telescope with a 1200 mm focal length and 3 mm eyepiece is given by:

M
=

f

f

e

=

1200
3

=
400

{\displaystyle M={\frac {f}{f_{e}}}={\frac {1200}{3}}=400}

text: Minimum[edit]

text:
There is a lowest usable magnification on a telescope. The increase in brightness with reduced magnification has a limit related to something called the exit pupil. The exit pupil is the cylinder of light coming out of the eyepiece, hence the lower the magnification, the larger the exit pupil. The minimum

M

m

{\displaystyle M_{m}}

 can be calculated by dividing the telescope aperture

D

{\displaystyle D}

 over the exit pupil diameter

D

e
p

{\displaystyle D_{ep}}

.[22] Decreasing the magnification past this limit cannot increase brightness, at this limit there is no benefit for decreased magnification. Likewise calculating the exit pupil

D

e
p

{\displaystyle D_{ep}}

 is a division of the aperture diameter

D

{\displaystyle D}

 and the visual magnification

M

{\displaystyle M}

 used. The minimum often may not be reachable with some telescopes, a telescope with a very long focal length may require a longer-focal-length eyepiece than is possible.

text:
An example of the lowest usable magnification using a 254 mm aperture and 7 mm exit pupil is given by:

M

m

=

D

D

e
p

=

254
7

≈
36

{\displaystyle M_{m}={\frac {D}{D_{ep}}}={\frac {254}{7}}\approx 36}

, whilst the exit pupil diameter using a 254 mm aperture and 36x magnification is given by:

D

e
p

=

D
M

=

254
36

≈
7

{\displaystyle D_{ep}={\frac {D}{M}}={\frac {254}{36}}\approx 7}

text: Optimum[edit]

text: A useful reference is:

text:
For small objects with low surface brightness (such as galaxies), use a moderate magnification.
For small objects with high surface brightness (such as planetary nebulae), use a high magnification.
For large objects regardless of surface brightness (such as diffuse nebulae), use low magnification, often in the range of minimum magnification.

text: Only personal experience determines the best optimum magnifications for objects, relying on observational skills and seeing conditions.

text: Field of view[edit]

text: Field of view is the extent of the observable world seen at any given moment, through an instrument (e.g., telescope or binoculars), or by naked eye. There are various expressions of field of view, being a specification of an eyepiece or a characteristic determined from and eyepiece and telescope combination. A physical limit derives from the combination where the FOV cannot be viewed larger than a defined maximum, due to diffraction of the optics.

text: Apparent[edit]

text: Apparent FOV is the observable world observed through an ocular eyepiece without insertion into a telescope. It is limited by the barrel size used in a telescope, generally with modern telescopes that being either 1.25 or 2 inches in diameter. A wider FOV may be used to achieve a more vast observable world given the same magnification compared with a smaller FOV without compromise to magnification. Note that increasing the FOV lowers surface brightness of an observed object, as the gathered light is spread over more area, in relative terms increasing the observing area proportionally lowers surface brightness dimming the observed object. Wide FOV eyepieces work best at low magnifications with large apertures, where the relative size of an object is viewed at higher comparative standards with minimal magnification giving an overall brighter image to begin with.

text: True[edit]

text:
True FOV is the observable world observed though an ocular eyepiece inserted into a telescope. Knowing the true FOV of eyepieces is very useful since it can be used to compare what is seen through the eyepiece to printed or computerized star charts that help identify what is observed. True FOV

v

t

{\displaystyle v_{t}}

 is the division of apparent FOV

v

a

{\displaystyle v_{a}}

 over magnification

M

{\displaystyle M}

.[20][21]

text:
An example of true FOV using an eyepiece with 52° apparent FOV used at 81.25x magnification is given by:

v

t

=

v

a

M

=

52
81.25

=

0.64

∘

{\displaystyle v_{t}={\frac {v_{a}}{M}}={\frac {52}{81.25}}=0.64^{\circ }}

text: Maximum[edit]

text:
Max FOV is a term used to describe the maximum useful true FOV limited by the optics of the telescope, it is a physical limitation where increases beyond the maximum remain at maximum. Max FOV

v

m

{\displaystyle v_{m}}

 is the barrel size

B

{\displaystyle B}

 over the telescopes focal length

f

{\displaystyle f}

 converted from radian to degrees.[20][21]

text:
An example of max FOV using a telescope with a barrel size of 31.75 mm (1.25 inches) and focal length of 1200 mm is given by:

v

m

=
B
∗

180
π

f

≈
31.75
∗

57.2958
1200

≈

1.52

∘

{\displaystyle v_{m}=B*{\frac {\frac {180}{\pi }}{f}}\approx 31.75*{\frac {57.2958}{1200}}\approx 1.52^{\circ }}

text: Observing through a telescope[edit]

text: There are many properties of optical telescopes and the complexity of observation using one can be a daunting task; experience and experimentation are the major contributors to understanding how to maximize one's observations. In practice, only two main properties of a telescope determine how observation differs: the focal length and aperture. These relate as to how the optical system views an object or range and how much light is gathered through an ocular eyepiece. Eyepieces further determine how the field of view and magnification of the observable world change.

text: Observable world[edit]

text: Observable world describes what can be seen using a telescope, when viewing an object or range the observer may use many different techniques. Understanding what can be viewed and how to view it depends on the field of view. Viewing an object at a size that fits entirely in the field of view is measured using the two telescope properties—focal length and aperture, with the inclusion of an ocular eyepiece with suitable focal length (or diameter). Comparing the observable world and the angular diameter of an object shows how much of the object we see. However, the relationship with the optical system may not result in high surface brightness. Celestial objects are often dim because of their vast distance, and detail may be limited by diffraction or unsuitable optical properties.

text: Field of view and magnification relationship[edit]

text:
Finding what can be seen through the optical system begins with the eyepiece providing the field of view and magnification; the magnification is given by the division of the telescope and eyepiece focal lengths. Using an example of an amateur telescope such as a Newtonian telescope with an aperture

D

{\displaystyle D}

 of 130 mm (5") and focal length

f

{\displaystyle f}

 of 650 mm (25.5 inches), one uses an eyepiece with a focal length

d

{\displaystyle d}

 of 8 mm and apparent field of view

v

a

{\displaystyle v_{a}}

 of 52°. The magnification at which the observable world is viewed is given by:

M
=

f
d

=

650
8

=
81.25

{\displaystyle M={\frac {f}{d}}={\frac {650}{8}}=81.25}

. The true field of view

v

t

{\displaystyle v_{t}}

 requires the magnification, which is formulated by its division over the apparent field of view:

v

t

=

v

a

M

=

52
81.25

=
0.64

{\displaystyle v_{t}={\frac {v_{a}}{M}}={\frac {52}{81.25}}=0.64}

. The resulting true field of view is 0.64°, allowing an object such as the Orion nebula, which appears elliptical with an angular diameter of 65 × 60 arcminutes, to be viewable through the telescope in its entirety, where the whole of the nebula is within the observable world. Using methods such as this can greatly increase one's viewing potential ensuring the observable world can contain the entire object, or whether to increase or decrease magnification viewing the object in a different aspect.

text: Brightness factor[edit]

text: The surface brightness at such a magnification significantly reduces, resulting in a far dimmer appearance. A dimmer appearance results in less visual detail of the object. Details such as matter, rings, spiral arms, and gases may be completely hidden from the observer, giving a far less complete view of the object or range. Physics dictates that at the theoretical minimum magnification of the telescope, the surface brightness is at 100%. Practically, however, various factors prevent 100% brightness; these include telescope limitations (focal length, eyepiece focal length, etc.) and the age of the observer.

text:
Age plays a role in brightness, as a contributing factor is the observer's pupil. With age the pupil naturally shrinks in diameter; generally accepted a young adult may have a 7 mm diameter pupil, an older adult as little as 5 mm, and a younger person larger at 9 mm. The minimum magnification

m

{\displaystyle m}

 can be expressed as the division of the aperture

D

{\displaystyle D}

 and pupil

p

{\displaystyle p}

 diameter given by:

m
=

D
d

=

130
7

≈
18.6

{\displaystyle m={\frac {D}{d}}={\frac {130}{7}}\approx 18.6}

. A problematic instance may be apparent, achieving a theoretical surface brightness of 100%, as the required effective focal length of the optical system may require an eyepiece with too large a diameter.

text:
Some telescopes cannot achieve the theoretical surface brightness of 100%, while some telescopes can achieve it using a very small-diameter eyepiece. To find what eyepiece is required to get minimum magnification one can rearrange the magnification formula, where it is now the division of the telescope's focal length over the minimum magnification:

F
m

=

650
18.6

≈
35

{\displaystyle {\frac {F}{m}}={\frac {650}{18.6}}\approx 35}

. An eyepiece of 35 mm is a non-standard size and would not be purchasable; in this scenario to achieve 100% one would require a standard manufactured eyepiece size of 40 mm. As the eyepiece has a larger focal length than the minimum magnification, an abundance of wasted light is not received through the eyes.

text: Exit pupil[edit]

text:
The increase in surface brightness as one reduces magnification is limited; that limitation is what is described as the exit pupil: a cylinder of light that projects out the eyepiece to the observer. An exit pupil must match or be smaller in diameter than one's pupil to receive the full amount of projected light; a larger exit pupil results in the wasted light. The exit pupil

e

{\displaystyle e}

 can be derived with from division of the telescope aperture

D

{\displaystyle D}

 and the minimum magnification

m

{\displaystyle m}

, derived by:

e
=

D
m

=

130
18.6

≈
7

{\displaystyle e={\frac {D}{m}}={\frac {130}{18.6}}\approx 7}

. The pupil and exit pupil are almost identical in diameter, giving no wasted observable light with the optical system. A 7 mm pupil falls slightly short of 100% brightness, where the surface brightness

B

{\displaystyle B}

 can be measured from the product of the constant 2, by the square of the pupil

p

{\displaystyle p}

 resulting in:

B
=
2
∗

p

2

=
2
∗

7

2

=
98

{\displaystyle B=2*p^{2}=2*7^{2}=98}

. The limitation here is the pupil diameter; it's an unfortunate result and degrades with age. Some observable light loss is expected and decreasing the magnification cannot increase surface brightness once the system has reached its minimum usable magnification, hence why the term is referred to as usable.

text: Image Scale[edit]

text: When using a CCD to record observations, the CCD is placed in the focal plane. Image scale (sometimes called plate scale) describes how the angular size of the object being observed is related to the physical size of the projected image in the focal plane

text:
i
=

α
s

,

{\displaystyle i={\frac {\alpha }{s}},}

text:
where

i

{\displaystyle i}

 is the image scale,

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

 is the angular size of the observed object, and

s

{\displaystyle s}

 is the physical size of the projected image. In terms of focal length image scale is

text:
i
=

1
f

,

{\displaystyle i={\frac {1}{f}},}

text:
where

i

{\displaystyle i}

 is measured in radians per meter (rad/m), and

f

{\displaystyle f}

 is measured in meters. Normally

i

{\displaystyle i}

 is given in units of arcseconds per millimeter ("/mm). So if the focal length is measured in millimeters, the image scale is

text:
i

(
″

/

m
m
)
=

1

f
(
m
m
)

[

180
×
3600

π

]

.

{\displaystyle i(''/mm)={\frac {1}{f(mm)}}\left[{\frac {180\times 3600}{\pi }}\right].}

text:
The derivation of this equation is fairly straightforward and the result is the same for reflecting or refracting telescopes. However, conceptually it is easier to derive by considering a reflecting telescope. If an extended object with angular size

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

 is observed through a telescope, then due to the Laws of reflection and Trigonometry the size of the image projected onto the focal plane will be

text:
s
=
tan

(
α
)
f
.

{\displaystyle s=\tan(\alpha )f.}

text: Thefore, the image scale (angular size of object divided by size of projected image) will be

text:
i
=

α
s

=

α

tan

(
α
)
f

,

{\displaystyle i={\frac {\alpha }{s}}={\frac {\alpha }{\tan(\alpha )f}},}

text:
and by using the small angle relation

tan

(
a
)
≈
a

{\displaystyle \tan(a)\approx a}

, when

a
<<
1

{\displaystyle a<<1}

 (N.B. only valid if

a

{\displaystyle a}

 is in radians), we obtain

text:
i
=

α

α
f

=

1
f

.

{\displaystyle i={\frac {\alpha }{\alpha f}}={\frac {1}{f}}.}

text: Imperfect images[edit]

text: No telescope can form a perfect image. Even if a reflecting telescope could have a perfect mirror, or a refracting telescope could have a perfect lens, the effects of aperture diffraction are unavoidable. In reality, perfect mirrors and perfect lenses do not exist, so image aberrations in addition to aperture diffraction must be taken into account. Image aberrations can be broken down into two main classes, monochromatic, and polychromatic. In 1857, Philipp Ludwig von Seidel (1821–1896) decomposed the first order monochromatic aberrations into five constituent aberrations. They are now commonly referred to as the five Seidel Aberrations.

text: The five Seidel aberrations[edit]

text: Optical defects are always listed in the above order, since this expresses their interdependence as first order aberrations via moves of the exit/entrance pupils. The first Seidel aberration, Spherical Aberration, is independent of the position of the exit pupil (as it is the same for axial and extra-axial pencils). The second, coma, changes as a function of pupil distance and spherical aberration, hence the well-known result that it is impossible to correct the coma in a lens free of spherical aberration by simply moving the pupil. Similar dependencies affect the remaining aberrations in the list.

text: Chromatic aberrations[edit]

text: Astronomical research telescopes[edit]

text: Optical telescopes have been used in astronomical research since the time of their invention in the early 17th century. Many types have been constructed over the years depending on the optical technology, such as refracting and reflecting, the nature of the light or object being imaged, and even where they are placed, such as space telescopes. Some are classified by the task they perform such as Solar telescopes.

text: Large reflectors[edit]

text: Nearly all large research-grade astronomical telescopes are reflectors. Some reasons are:

text:
In a lens the entire volume of material has to be free of imperfection and inhomogeneities, whereas in a mirror, only one surface has to be perfectly polished.
Light of different colors travels through a medium other than vacuum at different speeds. This causes chromatic aberration.
Reflectors work in a wider spectrum of light since certain wavelengths are absorbed when passing through glass elements like those found in a refractor or catadioptric.
There are technical difficulties involved in manufacturing and manipulating large-diameter lenses. One of them is that all real materials sag in gravity. A lens can only be held by its perimeter. A mirror, on the other hand, can be supported by the whole side opposite to its reflecting face.

text: Most large research reflectors operate at different focal planes, depending on the type and size of the instrument being used. These including the prime focus of the main mirror, the cassegrain focus (light bounced back down behind the primary mirror), and even external to the telescope all together (such as the Nasmyth and coudé focus).[23]

text: A new era of telescope making was inaugurated by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), with a mirror composed of six segments synthesizing a mirror of 4.5 meters diameter. This has now been replaced by a single 6.5 m mirror. Its example was followed by the Keck telescopes with 10 m segmented mirrors.

text: The largest current ground-based telescopes have a primary mirror of between 6 and 11 meters in diameter. In this generation of telescopes, the mirror is usually very thin, and is kept in an optimal shape by an array of actuators (see active optics). This technology has driven new designs for future telescopes with diameters of 30, 50 and even 100 meters.

text: Relatively cheap, mass-produced ~2 meter telescopes have recently been developed and have made a significant impact on astronomy research. These allow many astronomical targets to be monitored continuously, and for large areas of sky to be surveyed. Many are robotic telescopes, computer controlled over the internet (see e.g. the Liverpool Telescope and the Faulkes Telescope North and South), allowing automated follow-up of astronomical events.

text: Initially the detector used in telescopes was the human eye. Later, the sensitized photographic plate took its place, and the spectrograph was introduced, allowing the gathering of spectral information. After the photographic plate, successive generations of electronic detectors, such as the charge-coupled device (CCDs), have been perfected, each with more sensitivity and resolution, and often with a wider wavelength coverage.

text: Current research telescopes have several instruments to choose from such as:

text:
imagers, of different spectral responses
spectrographs, useful in different regions of the spectrum
polarimeters, that detect light polarization.

text: The phenomenon of optical diffraction sets a limit to the resolution and image quality that a telescope can achieve, which is the effective area of the Airy disc, which limits how close two such discs can be placed. This absolute limit is called the diffraction limit (and may be approximated by the Rayleigh criterion, Dawes limit or Sparrow's resolution limit). This limit depends on the wavelength of the studied light (so that the limit for red light comes much earlier than the limit for blue light) and on the diameter of the telescope mirror. This means that a telescope with a certain mirror diameter can theoretically resolve up to a certain limit at a certain wavelength. For conventional telescopes on Earth, the diffraction limit is not relevant for telescopes bigger than about 10 cm. Instead, the seeing, or blur caused by the atmosphere, sets the resolution limit. But in space, or if adaptive optics are used, then reaching the diffraction limit is sometimes possible. At this point, if greater resolution is needed at that wavelength, a wider mirror has to be built or aperture synthesis performed using an array of nearby telescopes.

text: In recent years, a number of technologies to overcome the distortions caused by atmosphere on ground-based telescopes have been developed, with good results. See adaptive optics, speckle imaging and optical interferometry.


document_title: The Ranch (TV series)

question_text: who plays abby's dad in the ranch

question_tokens: who plays abby 's dad in the ranch

text: The Ranch (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Ashton Kutcher as Colt Bennett, a former high school and college football star who returns to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence for a tryout, but ultimately helps his father and older brother on their family ranch. Colt is frequently the butt of jokes from his father and brother, particularly when it comes to his ranching skills (or lack thereof) and his disappointing pro football career. He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense, but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others.
Danny Masterson as Jameson “Rooster” Bennett, Colt's older brother. He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career. Despite living in Colt's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker. He has however been just as irresponsible as Colt, drinking too much and sleeping around.
Debra Winger as Margaret "Maggie" Bennett, owner of Maggie's, and Colt and Rooster's mother. Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns. Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau, her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems, especially those concerning their father. Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker.
Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail "Abby" Phillips, a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt's high school and current girlfriend. Abby was in a five-year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him, but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt. (recurring, season 1; main cast, season 2)
Sam Elliott as Beau Bennett, Maggie's ex-husband, and Colt and Rooster's father. A Vietnam War veteran, he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died. Beau is difficult to get along with, perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything. He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons' antics. Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers, a hearing-impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau's
Grady Lee Richmond as Hank, a regular Maggie's patron
Bret Harrison as Kenneth "Kenny" Ballard, a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby's ex-fiancé
Megyn Price as Mary Roth, a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster's older girlfriend
Kelli Goss as Heather Roth, Mary's younger daughter and Colt's ex-girlfriend, pregnant with their child.
Molly McCook as Darlene Roth, Mary's older daughter
Kathy Baker as Joanne, a Cracker Barrel waitress, Mary's friend, and potential new love interest for Beau
Ethan Suplee as "Beer Pong Billy" Tompkins, a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster's
Aimee Teegarden as Nikki, Heather's friend and Billy's fiancée
Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers, a sexy weather reporter and Kenny's current girlfriend
Laura Vallejo as Maria, a Maggie's waitress
Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders, a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated

text: Special Guests[edit]

text:
Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen, a loan officer and former high school football referee
Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto, a former Iron River ranch hand, now working for Neumann's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch. He is Rooster and Colt's friend.
Martin Mull as Jerry, Maggie's sometimes acid-tripping attorney
John Amos as Ed Bishop, a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann's Hill employee
Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald, the Garrison High School head football coach
Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips, Abby's mother (Season 2)
Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips, Abby's father, who like Janice is disdainful of Abby's relationship with Colt (Season 2)
Conchata Ferrell as Shirley (Season 2)
Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint, a traveling musician attracted to Maggie

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Joe Firstman
Pearl Charles
Kurt Neumann
Bukka Allen
Sam Hawksley

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

First released
Last released

1
20
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

2
20
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
December 2017 (2017-12)

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Back Where I Come From"
David Trainer
Don Reo & Jim Patterson
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

When Colt Bennett returns home from Canada to try out for a semipro Denver team, he learns that his family's ranch has fallen on hard times.

2
2
"Some People Change"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt runs into an ex at Maggie's bar and reminisces with Rooster over a bottle of whiskey. Getting back in Beau's good graces is a losing battle.

3
3
"The Boys of Fall"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

When his inflated ego lands him in hot water, Colt realizes he's not the big man on campus anymore. Beau's doctor makes him trade in steak for salad.

4
4
"Got a Little Crazy"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt smooths things over with Abby. When Maggie drags Beau to the Marriott for a romantic evening, the guys have some fun back at the house.

5
5
"American Kids"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Rooster and Colt's long-simmering rivalry comes to a head on the first day of hunting season. But their bickering has an upside for Beau and Maggie.

6
6
"Better as a Memory"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Abby gets a taste of her own medicine after a hazy night of drinking. Beau warms to the idea of mending fences with Maggie.

7
7
"I Can't Go There"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt figures out what he wants from Heather. A sick calf gives Beau an excuse to avoid dealing with his feelings -- and creates some unexpected bonds.

8
8
"Til It's Gone"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt Ross
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

The ranch's dwindling finances drive a wedge between Beau and the boys, and Colt goes behind his father's back to ask Maggie for help.

9
9
"There Goes My Life"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Max Searle & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Heather sets up Rooster with her sister, but Colt's afraid he'll ruin a good thing. Maggie and Beau air their dirty laundry at marriage counseling.

10
10
"Down the Road"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt and Rooster worry when Beau has a change of heart about the calves. But that's just the beginning of the surprises that await the Bennett clan.

11
11
"Gone as a Girl Can Get"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

An angry Beau clears Maggie's things out of the house. Colt tries to sort out his feelings for Abby and Heather.

12
12
"Living and Living Well"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt struggles to keep his relationship with Abby under wraps. The boys make a big purchase and try to sell Beau on a business opportunity.

13
13
"Sittin' on the Fence"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau's depressed over Maggie, so Mary tries to fix him up with a friend. Colt wonders when Abby's going to follow through on her promise.

14
14
"Let's Fall to Pieces Together"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Steve Leff
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

While Rooster tries to broker peace between Beau and Maggie, Colt apologizes to Heather -- but his timing couldn't be worse.

15
15
"I Know She Still Loves Me"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Max Searle
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau and Maggie come to a decision about their relationship, but they don't see eye to eye on the ranch. The boys take Kenny out drinking.

16
16
"Easy Come, Easy Go"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Rooster and Colt try to prove themselves to Beau, but he doesn't have much faith in them. Colt gets jealous when he sees Abby and Kenny together.

17
17
"I've Come to Expect It from You"
David Trainer
Story by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt plans a special date with Abby. Rooster vents his frustrations to Maggie, while Joanne gives Beau some sage advice.

18
18
"The Cowboy Rides Away"
David Trainer
Story by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Leff
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau tries to make amends with the boys, but it may be too little, too late. A job offer drives a wedge between Rooster and Colt.

19
19
"Leavin's Been Comin' (For a Long, Long Time)"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Steve Tompkins
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Maggie stands up for Rooster when Beau kicks him out of the house. Meanwhile, Colt is torn between his brother and his father.

20
20
"Merry Christmas (Wherever You Are)"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt realizes what he wants for his future, Beau and Maggie find some closure, and the gang celebrates Christmas at the bar.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

21
1
"My Next Thirty Years"
David Trainer
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

After Heather drops a bombshell, a visit from Abby's parents is the last thing Colt needs -- and they all end up at church together on Christmas Eve.

22
2
"Things Change"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Heather makes a decision about the pregnancy. Mary reads Rooster the riot act for keeping it a secret, and Colt struggles with how to tell Abby.

23
3
"Take Me Away from Here"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

After a heart-to-heart with Maggie, Colt steps up and supports Heather. Meanwhile, the tension between Rooster and Beau takes a toll on Maggie.

24
4
"She'll Have You Back"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Abby agrees to give Colt a chance, but her father isn't as forgiving. Beau and Rooster go to a cattle auction. Maggie thinks about selling the bar.

25
5
"My Best Friend"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

The guys wind up in hot water after an ice fishing trip. Beau takes Brenda out to dinner, but Maggie's not far from his mind.

26
6
"Find Out Who Your Friends Are"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Emotions run high when Abby and Heather fight, leaving Colt caught in the middle. Rooster faces the consequences of blowing off work.

27
7b
"One of Those Nights"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

During a snowstorm, Colt and Abby head out of town, Beau and Joanne get cozy at the ranch, and Maggie meets a charming stranger.

28
8
"I Didn't Ask and She Didn't Say"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Colt gets possessive when Heather starts dating a teacher. Abby gives Beau relationship advice. Maggie has a business proposition for Rooster.

29
9
"Last Dollar (Fly Away)"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

As Heather's medical bills roll in, Colt realizes how expensive it is having a baby. A surprise visitor at the bar sweeps Maggie off her feet.

30
10
"Can't Really Be Gone"
TBA
TBA
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Colt's new responsibilities keep him away from Abby. After a memorable night, Maggie ponders what she wants for her future.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Ranch has been met with mixed reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series an approval rating of 56% based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A formulaic set-up and predictable plotting are elevated by The Ranch's surprising sensitivity and strong performances."[12] Metacritic gave the series a score of 56 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[13]

text: Writing for Slate in a positive review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, "The Ranch is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation" and "The goodness sneaks up on you."[14] Los Angeles Times wrote: "[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."[15]