document_title: List of next general elections

question_text: when are the next general elections going to take place

root

text: List of next general elections

text: List of next elections[edit]

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Country
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
Fairness
Pop.
(m)
GDP
($bn)
IHDI
In power now

Term
Last election
Next election
Term
Last election
Next election

 Algeria
5 years
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022
5 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

37.9
207
no data
National Liberation Front

 Angola
5 years
000000002017-08-01-0000August 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022

Dominant-party system
25.8
98.8
.335
MPLA

 Burkina Faso
5 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020
5 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

16.9
11.6
.261
People's Movement for Progress

 Benin
5 years
000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016

10.3
8.3
.300
Cowry Forces

 Botswana
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

2.0
18
.431
BDP

 Burundi
5 years
000000002015-06-01-0000June 2015
2020
5 years
000000002015-07-01-0000July 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

10.2
2.7
.269
CNDD-FDD

 Cameroon

000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013

7 years
000000002011-10-01-0000October 2011
000000002018-01-01-00002018

20.5
25
.344
CPDM

 Cape Verde
5 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016

0.5
1.9
.519
Movement for Democracy

 Central African Republic
5 years
000000002015-12-01-0000December 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020-21

4.6
1.5
.198
Faustin-Archange Touadéra

 Chad
5 years
000000002011-02-01-0000February 2011
000000002017-01-01-00002017
5 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

12.8
13.5
.236
MPS

 Comoros
5 years
000000002015-01-01-0000January 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

000000002016-02-01-0000February 2016

0.7
0.6
.268
Renewal of the Comoros

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
5 years
000000002011-11-01-0000November 2011
000000002017-12-01-0000December 2017

67.5
32.7
.276
PPRD

 Djibouti
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016

0.9
1.5
.308
Union for the Presidential Majority

 Egypt
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015

4 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002018-02-01-0000February 2018

91.5
306
.524
For the Love of Egypt

 Equatorial Guinea
5 years
000000002013-05-01-0000May 2013

7 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002023-01-01-00002023
Dominant-party system
0.8
15.6
no data
Democratic Party

 Ethiopia
5 years
000000002015-05-01-0000May 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

Dominant-party system
94.1
47.5
.312
EPRDF

 Gabon
6 years
000000002011-12-01-0000December 2011
000000002017-07-01-0000July 2017
7 years
000000002016-08-01-0000August 2016
000000002023-01-01-00002023
Dominant-party system
1.7
19.3
.519
Gabonese Democratic Party

 Gambia
5 years
000000002017-04-01-0000April 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022
5 years
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

1.8
0.9
no data
Gambia Coalition 2016

 Ghana
4 years
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

25.9
48.1
.387
New Patriotic Party

 Guinea

000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013

5 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

11.8
6.1
.261
Rally of the Guinean People

 Guinea-Bissau
5 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years

1.7
1.0
.254
PAIGC

 Ivory Coast
5 years
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016

5 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002020-10-01-0000October 2020

20.3
31.1
.287
Rally of Houphouëtists

 Kenya
4 years
000000002013-03-01-0000March 2013
000000002017-08-01-0000August 2017

Violence, ICC crime
44.4
55.2
.377
Jubilee Alliance

 Lesotho
5 years
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017

2.1
2.3
.320
Democratic Congress

 Liberia
4 years
000000002011-10-01-0000October 2011
000000002017-10-01-0000October 2017

.251
Unity Party

 Libya
4 years
000000002014-06-01-0000June 2014
000000002018-02-01-0000February 2018

Recent civil war
6.2
79
no data
National Forces Alliance

 Madagascar
5 years
000000002013-12-01-0000December 2013
000000002019-01-01-00002019

.335

 Malawi
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

16.4
4
.287
Militant Socialist Movement

 Mali
5 years
000000002013-12-01-0000December 2013
000000002018-11-01-0000November 2018
5 years
000000002013-07-01-0000July 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

no data

 Mauritania

000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013

5 years
000000002014-06-01-0000June 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

.306

 Mauritius
5 years
000000002014-12-01-0000December 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

.639

 Morocco
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

Political suppression
32.8
107
.415

 Mozambique
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

23.9
15
.220

 Namibia
4 years
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

2.1
12
.344

 Niger

000000002016-01-01-00002016

.200
Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism

 Nigeria
4 years
000000002015-01-01-00002015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015

Violence
170.1
268
.276
APC

 Republic of the Congo
5 years
000000002012-07-01-0000July 2012
000000002017-07-01-0000July 2017
5 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

.368

 Rwanda
5 years
000000002008-09-01-0000September 2008
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
7 years
000000002010-08-01-0000August 2010
000000002017-08-01-0000August 2017
Violence, fraud
12.0
8
.287
Patriotic Front

 São Tomé and Príncipe

000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014

5 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

.358

 Senegal
7 years
000000002012-07-01-0000July 2012
000000002019-01-01-00002019

000000002012-02-01-0000February 2012

.315

 Seychelles

000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016

000000002015-12-01-0000December 2015

no data

 Sierra Leone
5 years
000000002012-11-01-0000November 2012
000000002018-03-01-0000March 2018

6.1
4
.210
All People's Congress

 South Africa
5 years[6]
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

52.9
375
no data
ANC

 Sudan
5 years
000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

no data
National Congress

 Swaziland
5 years
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

Absolute monarchy. Parliament has very limited powers. Political parties are prohibited.

(no political parties; no responsible government)

 Tanzania
5 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

44.9
29
.346
CCM

 Togo

000000002013-07-01-0000July 2013

5 years
000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

.305

 Tunisia
5 years
000000002014-01-01-00002014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-01-01-00002014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

10.9
82
.721
Coalition: Nidaa Tounes, Ennahda Movement, Free Patriotic Union, Afek Tounes

 Uganda
5 years
000000002016-02-01-0000February 2016

35.8
21
.304
National Resist.

 Zambia
5 years
000000002016-08-01-0000August 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

14.3
20
.283
Patriotic Front

 Zimbabwe
5 years
000000002013-07-01-0000July 2013
000000002018-07-01-0000July 2018

Fraud, voter suppression
12.6
11
.284
Zanu-PF

tag: table

text:
Somalia does not currently hold general elections
 Eritrea and  South Sudan have not held general elections since independence in 1991 and 2011, respectively.

tag: ul

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Country
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
Fairness
Pop.
(m)
GDP
($bn)
IHDI
In power now

Term
Last election
Next election
Term
Last election
Next election

 Antigua and Barbuda

000000002014-06-01-0000June 2014

no data
Antigua Labour Party

 Argentina
2 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002017-10-01-0000October 2017
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019

40.1
448
.653
Cambiemos

 Bahamas
5 years
000000002012-05-01-0000May 2012
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017

.658[7]
Progressive Liberal Party

 Barbados

000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013

no data
Democratic Labour Party

 Belize
5 years[8]
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002021-02-01-0000February 2021
5 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002021-02-01-0000February 2021

.312
1
no data
United Democratic Party

 Bolivia
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019

10.5
59
.444
Movement for Socialism

 Bermuda
5 years
000000002012-12-01-0000December 2012
000000002018-05-01-0000May 2018

0.06
5.5
no data
One Bermuda Alliance

 Brazil
4 years[9]
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002018-10-01-0000October 2018
4 years[10]
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002018-10-01-0000October 2018

193.9
2,476
.531
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party

 Canada
4 years[11]
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

35.1
1,736
.832
Liberal

 Chile
4 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002017-11-01-0000November 2017
4 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002017-11-01-0000November 2017

16.6
248
.664
New Majority

 Colombia
4 years
000000002018-03-01-0000March 2018
000000002018-03-01-0000March 2018
4 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002018-05-01-0000May 2018

47.2
333
.519
Social Party

 Costa Rica
4 years
000000002014-02-01-0000February 2014
000000002018-02-01-0000February 2018

4.6
41
.606
National Liberation

 Cuba
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

no data
Communist Party of Cuba

 Dominica
5 years
000000002014-12-01-0000December 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

no data
Dominica Labour Party

 Dominican Republic
4 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
4 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

9.4
98.7
.510
Dominican Liberation Party

 Ecuador
4 years
000000002017-02-01-0000February 2017
000000002021-02-01-0000February 2021
4 years
000000002017-02-01-0000February 2017
000000002021-02-01-0000February 2021

15.5
66
.537
PAIS Alliance

 El Salvador
5 years
000000002015-01-01-00002015
000000002019-02-01-0000February 2019
5 years
000000002014-03-01-0000March 2014
000000002019-02-01-0000February 2019

6.1
23
.499
National Liberation

 Falkland Islands
4 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002017-11-01-0000November 2017

.0026
.1645
.874
Non-partisan Coalition

 Grenada
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

no data
New National Party

 Guatemala
4 years
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019
4 years
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

15.4
46
.389
Patriotic

 Guyana

000000002015-05-01-0000May 2015

.514

 Haiti

000000002016-01-01-00002016-17

000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016

.273

 Honduras
4 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002017-11-01-0000November 2017
4 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002017-11-01-0000November 2017

8.3
17
.458
National

 Jamaica

000000002016-02-01-0000February 2016

.591
Jamaica Labour Party

 Mexico
3 years
000000002015-07-01-0000July 2015
000000002018-07-01-0000July 2018
6 years
000000002012-07-01-0000July 2012
000000002018-07-01-0000July 2018
Violence, Drug War
117.4
1,155
.593
PRI

 Nicaragua
5 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021
5 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

6.0
7
.434
Sandinista

 Panama
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

3.4
30
.588
Democratic Change/Coal.

 Paraguay
5 years
000000002013-04-01-0000April 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

.505[7]
Colorado

 Peru
5 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021
5 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

30.4
180
.561
Gana Perú

 Puerto Rico
4 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002020-11-01-0000November 2020
4 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002020-11-01-0000November 2020

3.7
102
0.905
Popular Democratic Party

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

000000002015-02-01-0000February 2015

no data

 Saint Lucia

000000002016-06-01-0000June 2016

no data
United Workers Party

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

000000002015-12-01-0000December 2015

no data
Unity Labour Party

 Suriname
5 years
000000002015-05-01-0000May 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

.526
National Democratic Party

 Trinidad and Tobago
5 years
000000002015-09-07-00007 September 2015
000000002020-09-01-0000September 2020

Very Fair
1.3
43.4
.640
People's National Movement

 United States
2 years[12]
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002018-11-01-0000November 2018
4 years[13]
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002020-11-01-0000November 2020

316.4
14,991
.821
Republican

 Uruguay
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019

3.3
46
.662
Broad Front

 Venezuela
6 years
000000002015-01-01-00002015

6 years
000000002013-04-01-0000April 2013
000000002018-12-01-0000December 2018

28.9
315
.549
United Socialist

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
Fairness
Pop.
(m)
GDP
($bn)
IHDI
In power now

Term
Last election
Next election
Term
Last election
Next election

 Afghanistan
5 years
000000002010-10-01-0000October 2010
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014

no data

 Bahrain
5 years
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014

no data

 Bangladesh
5 years
000000002014-01-01-0000January 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018/2019

150.1
122
.374
Awami League

 Bhutan
5 years
000000002013-01-01-00002013

.430

 Burma
5 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020

no data
National League for Democracy

 Cambodia
5 years
000000002013-07-01-0000July 2013
000000002018-07-01-0000July 2018

.402
Cambodian People's Party

 Hong Kong
4 years
000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

7.1
243
no data
Pro-Beijing camp

 India
5 years[14]
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-05-01-0000May 2019

.392
BJP

 Indonesia
5 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-07-01-0000July 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
Voter suppression
237
946
.514
PDI-P

 Iran
4 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
4 years
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
000000002021-01-01-00002021

77.3
551
no data
Reformists

 Iraq
4 years
000000002014-03-01-0000March 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

Civil war
31.1
150
no data

 Israel
4 years
000000002015-03-01-0000March 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

8.7
300
.778[15]
Coalition: Likud, Kulanu, The Jewish Home, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Yisrael Beitenu

 Japan
4 years
000000002014-12-01-0000December 2014
000000002018-12-01-0000December 2018

126.6
5,150
no data
Liberal Democratic

 Jordan

000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016

.568

 Kazakhstan
4 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015

no data

 Kuwait

000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016

no data

 Kyrgyzstan
5 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020
6 years
000000002011-10-01-0000October 2011
000000002017-10-01-0000October 2017

.516

 Laos

000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016

.409
Lao People's Revolutionary Party

 Lebanon
4 years
000000002009-06-01-0000June 2009
000000002018-01-01-00002018

.575

 Malaysia
5 years
000000002013-05-01-0000May 2013
000000002018-08-01-0000August 2018

Alleged fraud
28.3
240
no data
BN

 Maldives
4 years
000000002014-03-01-0000March 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018
5 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

.515

 Mongolia
4 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
4 years
000000002013-06-01-0000June 2013
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017

2.8
10
.568
Democrats

   Nepal
5 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013

26.5
20
.304
Communist/Coal.

 North Korea
5 years
000000002014-03-01-0000March 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

One candidate per seat, chosen by the governing party. No democratic choice. Widespread intimidation.

WPK

 Oman
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

Absolute monarchy. Elections to a Consultative Assembly only. Political parties are prohibited.

(no political parties; no responsible government)

 Pakistan
5 years
000000002013-05-01-0000May 2013
000000002018-05-01-0000May 2018

Violence
182.5
230
.356
Muslim League

 Palestine

000000002006-01-01-0000January 2006

January 2005

no data

 Philippines
3 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002019-01-01-00002019
6 years
000000002016-05-01-0000May 2016

Violence, vote suppr.
98.2
284
.524
Liberal

 Singapore
5 years
000000002015-05-01-0000May 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020
6 years
000000002011-08-01-0000August 2011
000000002017-09-01-0000September 2017

5.3
270
no data
PAP

 South Korea
4 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
5 years
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022

50.0
1,259
.758
Saenuri Party

 Sri Lanka
5 years
000000002015-08-01-0000August 2015

5 years
000000002015-01-01-0000January 2015
000000002020-01-01-0000January 2020

20.2
65
.643
National Unity Government (UNP and UPFA)

 Syria

000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016

7 years
000000002014-06-01-0000June 2014
000000002021-01-01-00002021

.515

 Taiwan
4 years

4 years
000000002016-01-01-0000January 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

23.3
473
no data
KMT

 Tajikistan
5 years
000000002015-03-01-0000March 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020
7 years
000000002013-11-01-0000November 2013
000000002020-01-01-00002020

.507

 Thailand
4 years
000000002014-02-01-0000February 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

Military interference, fraud
66.7
425
.543
Military junta

 Timor-Leste
5 years
000000002017-07-01-0000July 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022
5 years
000000002017-03-01-0000March 2017

.386

 Turkmenistan

000000002013-12-01-0000December 2013

7 years
000000002017-02-01-0000February 2017
000000002024-01-01-00002024

no data

 Uzbekistan

000000002014-12-01-0000December 2014–January 2015

5 years
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

.551

 Vietnam
5 years
000000002016-05-01-0000May 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

.531
Communist Party of Vietnam

 Yemen

000000002012-02-01-0000February 2012

.310

text: Brunei,  People's Republic of China,  Qatar,  Saudi Arabia, and  United Arab Emirates do not hold general elections

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Country
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
Fairness
Pop.
(m)
GDP
($bn)
IHDI
In power now
Status of executive party(s) in legislature

Term
Last election
Next election
Term
Last election
Next election

 Andorra
4 Years
000000002015-03-01-0000March 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

 Armenia
5 years
000000002017-04-01-0000April 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013

3.3
10
.649
RPA, ARF
Majority Coalition

 Austria
5 years
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
000000002017-10-01-0000October 2017

000000002016-01-01-00002016

8.5
418
.837
SPÖ, ÖVP
Majority Coalition

 Azerbaijan
5 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015

5 years
000000002013-10-01-0000October 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

 Belarus
4 years
000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002020-01-01-00002020
Disputed

 Belgium
5 years
000000002014-05-25-000025 May 2014
000000002019-05-01-0000May 2019

11.2
514
.825
N-VA, MR, CD&V, Open VLD
Majority Coalition

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
4 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002018-10-01-0000October 2018

3.8
17
.650
Multiple

 Bulgaria

000000002017-03-01-0000March 2017

4 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

6.9
51
.704
GERB, Reformist Bloc
Minority Coalition; confidence from Patriotic Front

 Croatia
4 years
000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016
000000002020-12-01-0000December 2020
5 years
2014–15
000000002020-01-01-00002020

4.2
64
.683

 Cyprus

000000002016-01-01-00002016

5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013
000000002018-02-01-0000February 2018

1.1
23
.751
Democratic Rally

 Czech Republic
4 years
000000002013-10-01-0000October 2013
000000002017-10-01-0000October 2017
5 years
000000002013-01-01-0000January 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

10.5
214
.826
Civic Democratic Party, Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party, ANO 2011
Majority Coalition

 Denmark
4 years
000000002015-06-01-0000June 2015
000000002019-06-01-0000June 2019

5.6
332
.845
Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti
Minority; confidence from DF, Liberal Alliance, DKF

 Estonia
4 years
000000002015-03-01-0000March 2015
000000002019-03-01-0000March 2019

1.3
21
.770
Estonian Reform Party, SDE, IRL
Majority Coalition

 Finland
4 years
000000002015-04-01-0000April 2015
000000002019-04-01-0000April 2019
6 years
000000002012-01-01-0000January 2012
000000002018-01-01-0000January 2018

5.4
263
.839
Centre Party, Finns Party, National Coalition Party
Majority Coalition

 France
5 years
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022
5 years
000000002017-04-01-0000April 2017
000000002022-04-01-0000April 2022

65.7
2,775
.812
Emmanuel Macron
En Marche!

Majority

 Georgia
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016

 Germany
4 years[16]
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
000000002017-09-01-0000September 2017

80.4
3,604
.856
CDU/CSU, SPD
Majority Coalition

 Gibraltar
4 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002019-11-01-0000November 2019

.030
1.106
.961
GSLP/Liberal Alliance
Majority

 Greece
4 years
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019

10.8
299
.760
SYRIZA, ANEL
Majority Coalition

 Hungary
4 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002018-04-01-0000April 2018

9.9
138
.769
Fidesz, KDNP
Majority Coalition

 Iceland
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002020-10-01-0000October 2020
4 years
000000002016-06-01-0000June 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

0.3
13
.848
Progressive Party, Independence Party
Majority Coalition

 Ireland
5 years[17]
000000002016-02-01-0000February 2016
000000002021-04-01-0000April 2021

000000002011-10-01-0000October 2011

4.6
221
.850
Fine Gael, Independents
Minority Coalition; confidence from Fianna Fáil

 Italy
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013
000000002018-02-01-0000February 2018

59.7
2,195
.776
PD, AP, PI, SC, Independents
Majority Coalition

 Kosovo
4 years
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017
000000002020-01-01-00002020

000000002016-02-01-0000February 2016

 Latvia
4 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002018-10-01-0000October 2018 or earlier

2.0
28
.726
Unity, ZZS, NA
Majority Coalition

 Lithuania
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

2.9
42
.727
LSDP, DP, TT
Majority Coalition

 Luxembourg
4 years
000000002013-10-01-0000October 2013
000000002018-10-01-0000October 2018

.537
42
.813
DP, LSAP, DG
Majority Coalition

 Macedonia
4 years
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-04-01-0000April 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

VMRO-DPMNE and Democratic Union for Integration coalition

 Malta
5 years
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022

.452
9
.778
Labour
Majority

 Monaco
5 years
000000002013-02-01-0000February 2013

 Moldova
4 years
000000002014-11-01-0000Nov 2014
000000002018-11-01-0000November 2018
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

3.6
7
.660
Liberal Democratic

 Montenegro
4 years
000000002016-10-01-0000October 2016
000000002018-01-01-00002018
5 years
000000002013-04-01-0000April 2013
000000002018-01-01-00002018

 Netherlands
4 years
000000002017-03-01-0000March 2017
000000002021-03-01-0000March 2021

17.1
836
.857
VVD/PvdA

 Norway
4 years
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
000000002017-09-01-0000September 2017

5.0
483
.894
Conservative, Progress
Minority Coalition; confidence from KrF, Venstre

 Poland
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002015-05-01-0000May 2015
000000002010-10-01-0000October 2010

38.5
514
.740
PiS
Majority

 Portugal
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019
5 years
000000002016-01-01-0000January 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

10.6
237
.729
PS
Minority; confidence from BE, PCP, PEV

 Romania
4 years[18]
000000002016-12-01-0000December 2016
000000002021-03-01-0000March 2021 or earlier
5 years
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

20.1
187
.687
PSD, ALDE
Majority coalition, although it is supported by UDMR.

 Russia
5 years
000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021
6 years
000000002012-03-01-0000March 2012
000000002018-03-01-0000March 2018
Disputed
143.4
1,858
.670[7]
Vladimir Putin,
United Russia

Majority

 San Marino

000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016

 Serbia
5 years
000000002016-04-01-0000April 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
5 years
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
000000002022-01-01-00002022

7.1
53
.696
SNS
Majority

 Slovakia
4 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020
5 years
000000002014-03-01-0000March 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

5.4
91
.788
Social Democrat

 Slovenia
4 years
000000002014-07-01-0000July 2014
000000002018-07-01-0000July 2018
5 years
000000002012-11-01-0000November 2012
000000002017-12-01-0000December 2017

2.1
45
.840
Positive Slovenia/Social Democrat

 Spain
4 years[19]
000000002016-06-01-0000June 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

46.7
1,478
.796
TBD

 Sweden
4 years
000000002014-09-01-0000September 2014
000000002018-09-01-0000September 2018

9.6
539
.859
Social Democratic/Green
Minority Coalition; confidence from the Alliance
(see 2014 Swedish government crisis)

  Switzerland
4 years
000000002015-10-01-0000October 2015
000000002019-10-01-0000October 2019

8.0
632
.849
see Swiss Federal Council

 Turkey
4 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002019-11-01-0000November 2019
5 years
000000002014-08-01-0000August 2014
000000002019-11-01-0000November 2019

75.6
774
.542
AKP

 Ukraine
5 years
000000002014-10-01-0000October 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-03-01-0000March 2019

44.8
180
.672
Batkivshchyna/UDAR

 United Kingdom
5 years[20]
000000002017-06-01-0000June 2017
000000002022-06-01-0000June 2022

63.7
2,429
.802
Conservative
Minority (Confidence and supply arrangement with the DUP)

 European Union
5 years
000000002014-05-01-0000May 2014
000000002019-01-01-00002019

507.9
17,577
no data

EPP, S&D, ALDE (informal alliance in the EP)

text: Vatican City is an absolute monarchy, and only holds elections after the death or resignation of its leader.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
Fairness
Pop.
(m)
GDP
($bn)
IHDI
In power now

Term
Last election
Next election
Term
Last election
Next election

 Australia
3 years[21]
000000002016-07-01-0000July 2016
000000002019-01-01-00002019

24.1
1,620
.858
Liberal/National

 Cook Islands
4 years
000000002014-07-01-0000July 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

Cook Islands Party

 Federated States of Micronesia
2 years
000000002017-03-01-0000March 2017
000000002019-03-01-0000March 2019

 Fiji
4 years
000000002014-09-01-0000September 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

FijiFirst

 Kiribati
4 years
000000002015-12-01-0000December 2015-January 2016
[[Next Kiribati parliamentary election|Error in Template:Dts: '2019/2020' is an invalid date]]

000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016

awaiting results

 Marshall Islands
4 years
000000002015-11-01-0000November 2015
000000002019-11-01-0000November 2019

 Nauru
3 years
000000002016-01-01-00002016
000000002019-01-01-00002019

(no political parties)

 New Zealand
3 years
000000002014-09-01-0000September 2014
000000002017-09-01-0000September 2017

4.3
161
no data
National

 Niue
3 years
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
000000002020-01-01-00002020

(no political parties)

 Palau
4 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002020-11-01-0000November 2020
4 years
000000002016-11-01-0000November 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

 Papua New Guinea
5 years
000000002012-07-01-0000July 2012
000000002017-07-01-0000July 2017

8.1
13
no data
PNCP

 Samoa
5 years
000000002016-03-01-0000March 2016
000000002021-01-01-00002021

HRPP

 Solomon Islands
4 years
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

broad coalition

 Tonga
4 years
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014
000000002018-01-01-00002018

(non-partisan)

 Tuvalu
4 years
000000002015-03-01-0000March 2015
000000002019-01-01-00002019

(no political parties)

 Vanuatu
4 years
000000002016-01-01-0000January 2016
000000002020-01-01-00002020

broad coalition


document_title: FIFA World Cup

question_text: who has won the world cup the most times

question_tokens: who has won the world cup the most times

text: FIFA World Cup

text: History

text: Previous international competitions

text: The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England,[5] which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the inaugural edition of the British Home Championship, took place in 1884.[6] As football grew in popularity in other parts of the world at the turn of the 20th century, it was held as a demonstration sport with no medals awarded at the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics (however, the IOC has retroactively upgraded their status to official events), and at the 1906 Intercalated Games.[7]

tag: p

text: After FIFA was founded in 1904, it tried to arrange an international football tournament between nations outside the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906. These were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure.[8]

text: At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, football became an official competition. Planned by The Football Association (FA), England's football governing body, the event was for amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. Great Britain (represented by the England national amateur football team) won the gold medals. They repeated the feat in 1912 in Stockholm.

text: With the Olympic event continuing to be contested only between amateur teams, Sir Thomas Lipton organised the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy tournament in Turin in 1909. The Lipton tournament was a championship between individual clubs (not national teams) from different nations, each one of which represented an entire nation. The competition is sometimes described as The First World Cup,[9] and featured the most prestigious professional club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, but the FA of England refused to be associated with the competition and declined the offer to send a professional team. Lipton invited West Auckland, an amateur side from County Durham, to represent England instead. West Auckland won the tournament and returned in 1911 to successfully defend their title.

text: In 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a "world football championship for amateurs", and took responsibility for managing the event.[10] This paved the way for the world's first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt and 13 European teams, and won by Belgium.[11] Uruguay won the next two Olympic football tournaments in 1924 and 1928. Those were also the first two open world championships, as 1924 was the start of FIFA's professional era.

text: World Cups before World War II

text: Due to the success of the Olympic football tournaments, FIFA, with President Jules Rimet as the driving force, again started looking at staging its own international tournament outside of the Olympics. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam decided to stage a world championship itself.[12] With Uruguay now two-time official football world champions and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country of the inaugural World Cup tournament.

text: The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. Indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition. Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the trip. In total, 13 nations took part: seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America.

text: The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously on 13 July 1930, and were won by France and the USA, who defeated Mexico 4–1 and Belgium 3–0 respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France.[13] In the final, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 in front of a crowd of 93,000 people in Montevideo, and in doing so became the first nation to win the World Cup.[14]

text: After the creation of the World Cup, FIFA and the IOC disagreed over the status of amateur players, and so football was dropped from the 1932 Summer Olympics.[15] Olympic football returned at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but was now overshadowed by the more prestigious World Cup.

text: The issues facing the early World Cup tournaments were the difficulties of intercontinental travel, and war. Few South American teams were willing to travel to Europe for the 1934 and all North and South American nations except Brazil and Cuba boycotted the 1938 tournament. Brazil were the only South American team to compete in both. The 1942 and 1946 competitions, which Germany and Brazil sought to host,[16] were cancelled due to World War II and its aftermath.

text: World Cups after World War II

text: The 1950 World Cup, held in Brazil, was the first to include British participants. British teams withdrew from FIFA in 1920, partly out of unwillingness to play against the countries they had been at war with, and partly as a protest against foreign influence on football,[17] but rejoined in 1946 following FIFA's invitation.[18] The tournament also saw the return of 1930 champions Uruguay, who had boycotted the previous two World Cups. Uruguay won the tournament again after defeating the host nation Brazil, in the match called "Maracanazo" (Portuguese: Maracanaço).

text: In the tournaments between 1934 and 1978, 16 teams competed in each tournament, except in 1938, when Austria was absorbed into Germany after qualifying, leaving the tournament with 15 teams, and in 1950, when India, Scotland, and Turkey withdrew, leaving the tournament with 13 teams.[19] Most of the participating nations were from Europe and South America, with a small minority from North America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. These teams were usually defeated easily by the European and South American teams. Until 1982, the only teams from outside Europe and South America to advance out of the first round were: USA, semi-finalists in 1930; Cuba, quarter-finalists in 1938; North Korea, quarter-finalists in 1966; and Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1970.

text: Expansion to 32 teams

text: The tournament was expanded to 24 teams in 1982,[20] and then to 32 in 1998,[21] also allowing more teams from Africa, Asia and North America to take part. Since then, teams from these regions have enjoyed more success, with several having reached the quarter-finals: Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1986; Cameroon, quarter-finalists in 1990; South Korea, finishing in fourth place in 2002; Senegal, along with USA, both quarter-finalists in 2002; Ghana, quarter-finalists in 2010; and Costa Rica, quarter-finalists in 2014. Nevertheless, European and South American teams continue to dominate, e.g., the quarter-finalists in 1994, 1998, and 2006 were all from Europe or South America and so were the finalists of all tournaments so far.

text: Two hundred teams entered the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds; 198 nations attempted to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, while a record 204 countries entered qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[22]

text: Expansion to 48 teams

text: In October 2013, Sepp Blatter spoke of guaranteeing the Caribbean Football Union's region a position in the World Cup.[23] In the 25 October 2013 edition of the FIFA Weekly Blatter wrote that: "From a purely sporting perspective, I would like to see globalisation finally taken seriously, and the African and Asian national associations accorded the status they deserve at the FIFA World Cup. It cannot be that the European and South American confederations lay claim to the majority of the berths at the World Cup."[24] Those two remarks suggested to commentators that Blatter could be putting himself forward for re-election to the FIFA Presidency.[25]

text: Following the magazine's publication, Blatter's would-be opponent for the FIFA Presidency, UEFA President Michel Platini responded that he intended to extend the World Cup to 40 national associations, increasing the number of participants by eight. Platini said that he would allocate an additional berth to UEFA, two to Asia Football Confederation and Confederation of African Football, two shared between CONCACAF and CONMEBOL, and a guaranteed place for the Oceania Football Confederation.[26] Platini was clear about why he wanted to expand the World Cup. He said: "[The World Cup is] not based on the quality of the teams because you don't have the best 32 at the World Cup ... but it's a good compromise. ... It's a political matter so why not have more Africans? The competition is to bring all the people of all the world. If you don't give the possibility to participate, they don't improve."[26]

text: In October 2016 FIFA president Gianni Infantino stated his support for a 48-team World Cup in 2026.[27] On 10 January 2017, FIFA confirmed the 2026 World Cup will have 48 finalist teams.[28]

text: 2015 FIFA corruption case

text: By May 2015, the games were under a particularly dark cloud because of the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering to corrupt the issuing of media and marketing rights (rigged bids) for FIFA games,[29] with FIFA officials accused of taking bribes totaling more than $150 million over 24 years. In late May, the U.S. Justice Department announced a 47-count indictment with charges of racketeering, wire fraud and money laundering conspiracy against 14 people. Arrests of over a dozen FIFA officials were made since that time, particularly on May 29 and December 3.[30] By the end of May 2015, a total of nine FIFA officials and five executives of sports and broadcasting markets had already been charged on corruption. At the time, FIFA president Sepp Blatter announced he would relinquish his position in February 2016.[31]

text: On 4 June 2015 Chuck Blazer while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities admitted that he and the other members of FIFA's then-executive committee were bribed in order to promote the 1998 and 2010 World Cups.[32] On 10 June 2015 Swiss authorities seized computer data from the offices of Sepp Blatter.[33] The same day, FIFA postponed the bidding process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup in light of the allegations surrounding bribery in the awarding of the 2018 and 2022 tournaments. Then-secretary general Jérôme Valcke stated, "Due to the situation, I think it's nonsense to start any bidding process for the time being."[34] On 28 October 2015, Blatter and FIFA VP Michel Platini, a potential candidate for presidency, were suspended for 90 days; both maintained their innocence in statements made to the news media.[35]

text: On 3 December 2015 two FIFA vice-presidents were arrested on suspicion of bribery in the same Zurich hotel where seven FIFA officials had been arrested in May.[36] An additional 16 indictments by the U.S. Department of Justice were announced on the same day.[37]

text: Other FIFA tournaments

text: An equivalent tournament for women's football, the FIFA Women's World Cup, was first held in 1991 in China.[38] The women's tournament is smaller in scale and profile than the men's, but is growing; the number of entrants for the 2007 tournament was 120, more than double that of 1991.[39]

text: Men's football has been included in every Summer Olympic Games except 1896 and 1932. Unlike many other sports, the men's football tournament at the Olympics is not a top-level tournament, and since 1992, an under-23 tournament with each team allowed three over-age players.[40] Women's football made its Olympic debut in 1996.

text: The FIFA Confederations Cup is a tournament held one year before the World Cup at the World Cup host nation(s) as a dress rehearsal for the upcoming World Cup. It is contested by the winners of each of the six FIFA confederation championships, along with the FIFA World Cup champion and the host country.[41]

text: FIFA also organises international tournaments for youth football (FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup), club football (FIFA Club World Cup), and football variants such as futsal (FIFA Futsal World Cup) and beach soccer (FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup). The latter three do not have a women's version, although a FIFA Women's Club World Cup has been proposed.[42]

text: The FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup is held the year before each Women's World Cup and both tournaments are awarded in a single bidding process. The U-20 tournament serves as a dress rehearsal for the larger competition.[43]

text: Trophy

text: From 1930 to 1970, the Jules Rimet Trophy was awarded to the World Cup winning team. It was originally simply known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde, but in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the first tournament. In 1970, Brazil's third victory in the tournament entitled them to keep the trophy permanently. However, the trophy was stolen in 1983 and has never been recovered, apparently melted down by the thieves.[44]

text: After 1970, a new trophy, known as the FIFA World Cup Trophy, was designed. The experts of FIFA, coming from seven countries, evaluated the 53 presented models, finally opting for the work of the Italian designer Silvio Gazzaniga. The new trophy is 36 cm (14.2 in) high, made of solid 18 carat (75%) gold and weighs 6.175 kg (13.6 lb). The base contains two layers of semi-precious malachite while the bottom side of the trophy bears the engraved year and name of each FIFA World Cup winner since 1974. The description of the trophy by Gazzaniga was: "The lines spring out from the base, rising in spirals, stretching out to receive the world. From the remarkable dynamic tensions of the compact body of the sculpture rise the figures of two athletes at the stirring moment of victory."[45]

text: This new trophy is not awarded to the winning nation permanently. World Cup winners retain the trophy only until the post-match celebration is finished. They are awarded a gold-plated replica rather than the solid gold original immediately afterwards.[46]

text: Currently, all members (players, coaches, and managers) of the top three teams receive medals with an insignia of the World Cup Trophy; winners' (gold), runners-up' (silver), and third-place (bronze). In the 2002 edition, fourth-place medals were awarded to hosts South Korea. Before the 1978 tournament, medals were only awarded to the eleven players on the pitch at the end of the final and the third-place match. In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals.[47][48][49]

text: Format

text: Qualification

text: Since the second World Cup in 1934, qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament.[50] They are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, and Europe), overseen by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides the number of places awarded to each of the continental zones beforehand, generally based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams.

text: The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period. The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations. Usually, one or two places are awarded to winners of intercontinental play-offs. For example, the winner of the Oceanian zone and the fifth-placed team from the Asian zone entered a play-off for a spot in the 2010 World Cup.[51] From the 1938 World Cup onwards, host nations receive automatic qualification to the final tournament. This right was also granted to the defending champions between 1938 and 2002, but was withdrawn from the 2006 FIFA World Cup onward, requiring the champions to qualify. Brazil, winners in 2002, were the first defending champions to play qualifying matches.[52]

text: Final tournament

text: The current final tournament has been used since 1998 and features 32 national teams competing over the course of a month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage.[53]

text: In the group stage, teams compete within eight groups of four teams each. Eight teams are seeded, including the hosts, with the other seeded teams selected using a formula based on the FIFA World Rankings and/or performances in recent World Cups, and drawn to separate groups.[54] The other teams are assigned to different "pots", usually based on geographical criteria, and teams in each pot are drawn at random to the eight groups. Since 1998, constraints have been applied to the draw to ensure that no group contains more than two European teams or more than one team from any other confederation.[55]

text: Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. This means that a total of six matches are played within a group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams.[56] The top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).

text: If one considers all possible outcomes (win, draw, loss) for all six matches in a group, there are 729 (= 36) outcome combinations possible. However, 207 of these combinations lead to ties between the second and third places. In such case, the ranking among these teams is determined as follows:[57]

text:
Greatest combined goal difference in all group matches
Greatest combined number of goals scored in all group matches
If more than one team remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:

Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams

If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots

tag: ol

text: The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winner if necessary. It begins with the round of 16 (or the second round) in which the winner of each group plays against the runner-up of another group. This is followed by the quarter-finals, the semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.[53]

text: On 10 January 2017, FIFA approved a new format, the 48-team World Cup (to accommodate more teams), which consists of 16 groups of three teams each, with two teams qualifying from each group, to form a round of 32 knockout stage, to be implemented by 2026.[58]

text: Hosts

text: Selection process

text: Early World Cups were given to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The locations were controversial because South America and Europe were by far the two centres of strength in football and travel between them required three weeks by boat. The decision to hold the first World Cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing.[59] The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the second of these in France was disputed, as the South American countries understood that the location would alternate between the two continents. Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the 1938 FIFA World Cup.[60]

text: Since the 1958 FIFA World Cup, to avoid future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the only tournament with multiple hosts.[61] South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since Argentina 1978,[62] and was the first occasion where consecutive World Cups were held outside Europe.

text: The host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Council. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The national football association of a country desiring to host the event receives a "Hosting Agreement" from FIFA, which explains the steps and requirements that are expected from a strong bid. The bidding association also receives a form, the submission of which represents the official confirmation of the candidacy. After this, a FIFA designated group of inspectors visit the country to identify that the country meets the requirements needed to host the event and a report on the country is produced. The decision on who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament.[63][64]

text: For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament. The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018.[65] This is partly to avoid a similar scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder.

text: Performances

text: Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semifinal against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the second round on home soil in 1982. England (1966) and France (1998) won their only titles while playing as host nations. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934) and Argentina (1978) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second title on home soil.[66]

text: Other nations have also been successful when hosting the tournament. Switzerland (quarter-finals 1954), Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), South Korea (fourth place in 2002), and Mexico (quarter-finals in 1970 and 1986) all have their best results when serving as hosts. So far, South Africa (2010) has been the only host nation to fail to advance beyond the first round.[67]

text: Attendance

text:
Year
Host country
Venues/
Cities
Total attendance
Matches
Average attendance
Highest attendances

Highest attendance †
Venue of best-attended game(s) †
Best attended game(s) †

1930
 Uruguay
3 / 1
590,549
18
32,808
93,000
Estadio Centenario, Montevideo
Uruguay 6–1 Yugoslavia, Semi-final

1934
 Italy
8 / 8
363,000
17
21,353
55,000
Stadio Nazionale PNF, Rome
Italy 2–1 Czechoslovakia, Final match

1938
 France
10 / 9
375,700
18
20,872
58,455
Olympique de Colombes, Paris
France 1–3 Italy, Quarter-final

1950
 Brazil
6 / 6
1,045,246
22
47,511
171,772
Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Brazil 1–2 Uruguay, Deciding match

1954
  Switzerland
6 / 6
768,607
26
29,562
63,000
Wankdorf Stadium, Bern
West Germany 3–2 Hungary, Final match

1958
 Sweden
12 / 12
819,810
35
23,423
50,928
Ullevi Stadium,
Gothenburg
Brazil 2–0 Soviet Union, Group stage

1962
 Chile
4 / 4
893,172
32
27,912
68,679
Estadio Nacional, Santiago
Brazil 4–2 Chile, Semi-final

1966
 England
8 / 7
1,563,135
32
48,848
98,270
Wembley Stadium, London
England 4–2 West Germany, Final match

1970
 Mexico
5 / 5
1,603,975
32
50,124
108,192
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Mexico 1–0 Belgium, Group stage

1974
 West Germany
9 / 9
1,865,753
38
49,099
83,168
Olympiastadion, West Berlin
West Germany 1–0 Chile, Group stage

1978
 Argentina
6 / 5
1,545,791
38
40,679
71,712
River Plate Stadium, Buenos Aires
Italy 1–0 Argentina, Group stage

1982
 Spain
17 / 14
2,109,723
52
40,572
95,500
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Argentina 0–1 Belgium, Opening match

1986
 Mexico
12 / 11
2,394,031
52
46,039
114,600
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City
Mexico 1–1 Paraguay, Group stageArgentina 3–2 West Germany, Final match

1990
 Italy
12 / 12
2,516,215
52
48,389
74,765
San Siro, Milan
West Germany 4–1 Yugoslavia, Group stage

1994
 United States
9 / 9
3,587,538
52
68,991
94,194
Rose Bowl, Pasadena, CA
Brazil 0(3)–(2)0 Italy, Final match

1998
 France
10 / 10
2,785,100
64
43,517
80,000
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Brazil 0–3 France, Final match

2002
 South Korea
&  Japan
10 / 10
10 / 10
2,705,197
64
42,269
69,029
International Stadium
Yokohama, Japan
Brazil 2–0 Germany, Final match

2006
 Germany
12 / 12
3,359,439
64
52,491
80,000
Olympiastadion, Berlin
Germany 1(4)–(2)1 Argentina, Quarter-final

2010
 South Africa
10 / 9
3,178,856
64
49,670
84,490
Soccer City, Johannesburg
Spain 1–0 Netherlands, Final match

2014
 Brazil
12 / 12
3,429,873
64
53,592
74,738
Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro
Germany 1–0 Argentina, Final match

2018
 Russia
12 / 11

64

2022
 Qatar
8 / 6

64

Overall
37,500,710
836
44,857
171,772
Maracanã Stadium, Rio (1950)

text: Source: FIFA[68]

text: Broadcasting and promotion

text: The World Cup was first televised in 1954 and is now the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world. The cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006 World Cup is estimated to be 26.29 billion.[1] 715.1 million individuals watched the final match of this tournament (a ninth of the entire population of the planet). The 2006 World Cup draw, which decided the distribution of teams into groups, was watched by 300 million viewers.[69] The World Cup attracts many sponsors such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's and Adidas. For these companies and many more, being a sponsor strongly impacts their global brands. Host countries typically experience a multimillion-dollar revenue increase from the month-long event. The governing body of the sport, FIFA, generated $4.8 billion in revenue from the 2014 tournament.[70]

text: Each FIFA World Cup since 1966 has its own mascot or logo. World Cup Willie, the mascot for the 1966 competition, was the first World Cup mascot.[71] Recent World Cups have also featured official match balls specially designed for each World Cup.

text: The World Cup even has a statistically significant effect on birth rates, the male/female sex ratio of newborns, and heart attacks in nations whose national teams are competing.[72][73][74] Hosting the World Cup or a home team's win tends to increase male births and total birth rate, and heart attacks are more common when home teams are on the field.

text: Results

text:
Year
Hosts

Winners
Score
Runners-up

Third Place
Score
Fourth Place

Number of Teams

1930
Details
 Uruguay

Uruguay
4–2

Argentina

United States
[note 1]

Yugoslavia
13

1934
Details
 Italy

Italy
2–1 (a.e.t.)

Czechoslovakia

Germany
3–2

Austria
16

1938
Details
 France

Italy
4–2

Hungary

Brazil
4–2

Sweden
16/15
[note 2]

1950
Details
 Brazil

Uruguay
[note 3]
2–1

Brazil

Sweden
[note 3]

Spain
16/13
[note 4]

1954
Details
  Switzerland

West Germany
3–2

Hungary

Austria
3–1

Uruguay
16

1958
Details
 Sweden

Brazil
5–2

Sweden

France
6–3

West Germany
16

1962
Details
 Chile

Brazil
3–1

Czechoslovakia

Chile
1–0

Yugoslavia
16

1966
Details
 England

England
4–2 (a.e.t.)

West Germany

Portugal
2–1

Soviet Union
16

1970
Details
 Mexico

Brazil
4–1

Italy

West Germany
1–0

Uruguay
16

1974
Details
 West Germany

West Germany
2–1

Netherlands

Poland
1–0

Brazil
16

1978
Details
 Argentina

Argentina
3–1 (a.e.t.)

Netherlands

Brazil
2–1

Italy
16

1982
Details
 Spain

Italy
3–1

West Germany

Poland
3–2

France
24

1986
Details
 Mexico

Argentina
3–2

West Germany

France
4–2 (a.e.t.)

Belgium
24

1990
Details
 Italy

West Germany
1–0

Argentina

Italy
2–1

England
24

1994
Details
 United States

Brazil
0–0 (a.e.t.)
(3–2 PSO)

Italy

Sweden
4–0

Bulgaria
24

1998
Details
 France

France
3–0

Brazil

Croatia
2–1

Netherlands
32

2002
Details
 South Korea
&  Japan

Brazil
2–0

Germany

Turkey
3–2

South Korea
32

2006
Details
 Germany

Italy
1–1 (a.e.t.)
(5–3 PSO)

France

Germany
3–1

Portugal
32

2010
Details
 South Africa

Spain
1–0 (a.e.t.)

Netherlands

Germany
3–2

Uruguay
32

2014
Details
 Brazil

Germany
1–0 (a.e.t.)

Argentina

Netherlands
3–0

Brazil
32

2018
Details
 Russia

32

2022
Details
 Qatar

32

text:
a.e.t.: after extra time
p: after penalty shoot-out

text:
Jump up ^ There was no official World Cup Third Place match in 1930; The United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. FIFA now recognises the United States as the third-placed team and Yugoslavia as the fourth-placed team, using the overall records of the teams in the tournament.[75]
Jump up ^ Austria withdrew after the draw as a result of the Anschluss with Germany: some Austrian players subsequently joined the German squad, leaving the tournament with 15 teams.
^ Jump up to: a b There was no official World Cup final match in 1950.[76] The tournament winner was decided by a final round-robin group contested by four teams (Uruguay, Brazil, Sweden, and Spain). Coincidentally, one of the last two matches of the tournament pitted the two top ranked teams against each other, with Uruguay's 2–1 victory over Brazil thus often being considered as the de facto final of the 1950 World Cup.[77] Likewise, the game between the lowest ranked teams, played at the same time as Uruguay vs Brazil, can be considered equal to a Third Place match, with Sweden's 3–1 victory over Spain ensuring that they finished third.
Jump up ^ Only 13 teams played the 1950 FIFA World Cup.[76] 16 teams entered the seeding groups draw. However, Turkey and Scotland both withdrew before the draw; France (eliminated in qualifying) was invited as a replacement, leaving the tournament to be held with 15 teams. After the draw, India and France both withdrew, so only 13 teams participated in the tournament.

text: In all, 77 nations have played in at least one World Cup.[78] Of these, eight national teams have won the World Cup, and they have added stars to their badges, with each star representing a World Cup victory. (Uruguay, however, choose to display four stars on their badge, representing their two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950).

text: With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (20) to date.[79] Brazil were also the first team to win the World Cup for the third (1970), fourth (1994) and fifth (2002) time. Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles. West Germany (1982–1990) and Brazil (1994–2002) are the only nations to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals. Germany has made the most top-four finishes (13), medals (12), as well as the most finals (8).

text: Teams reaching the top four

text:
Team
Titles
Runners-up
Third Place
Fourth Place
Top 4
Finishes
Top 3
Finishes
Top 2
Finishes

 Brazil
5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)
2 (1950*, 1998)
2 (1938, 1978)
2 (1974, 2014*)
11
9
7

 Germany^
4 (1954, 1974*, 1990, 2014)
4 (1966, 1982, 1986, 2002)
4 (1934, 1970, 2006*, 2010)
1 (1958)
13
12
8

 Italy
4 (1934*, 1938, 1982, 2006)
2 (1970, 1994)
1 (1990*)
1 (1978)
8
7
6

 Argentina
2 (1978*, 1986)
3 (1930, 1990, 2014)
&
—

&
—

5
5
5

 Uruguay
2 (1930*, 1950)
&
—

&
—

3 (1954, 1970, 2010)
5
2
2

 France
1 (1998*)
1 (2006)
2 (1958, 1986)
1 (1982)
5
4
2

 England
1 (1966*)
&
—

&
—

1 (1990)
2
1
1

 Spain
1 (2010)
&
—

&
—

1 (1950)
2
1
1

 Netherlands
&
—

3 (1974, 1978, 2010)
1 (2014)
1 (1998)
5
4
3

 Hungary
&
—

2 (1938, 1954)
&
—

&
—

2
2
2

 Czechoslovakia#
&
—

2 (1934, 1962)
&
—

&
—

2
2
2

 Sweden
&
—

1 (1958*)
2 (1950, 1994)
1 (1938)
4
3
1

 Poland
&
—

&
—

2 (1974, 1982)
&
—

2
2
&
—

 Austria
&
—

&
—

1 (1954)
1 (1934)
2
1
&
—

 Portugal
&
—

&
—

1 (1966)
1 (2006)
2
1
&
—

 United States
&
—

&
—

1 (1930)
&
—

1
1
&
—

 Chile
&
—

&
—

1 (1962*)
&
—

1
1
&
—

 Croatia
&
—

&
—

1 (1998)
&
—

1
1
&
—

 Turkey
&
—

&
—

1 (2002)
&
—

1
1
&
—

 Yugoslavia#
&
—

&
—

&
—

2 (1930, 1962)
2
&
—

&
—

 Soviet Union#
&
—

&
—

&
—

1 (1966)
1
&
—

&
—

 Belgium
&
—

&
—

&
—

1 (1986)
1
&
—

&
—

 Bulgaria
&
—

&
—

&
—

1 (1994)
1
&
—

&
—

 South Korea
&
—

&
—

&
—

1 (2002*)
1
&
—

&
—

text: Best performances by continental zones

text: To date, the final of the World Cup has only been contested by teams from the UEFA (Europe) and CONMEBOL (South America) confederations. European nations have won eleven titles, while South American have won nine. Only two teams from outside these two continents have ever reached the semi-finals of the competition: USA (North, Central America and Caribbean) in 1930 and South Korea (Asia) in 2002. The best result of an African team is reaching the quarter-finals: Cameroon in 1990, Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Only one Oceanian qualifier, Australia in 2006, has advanced to the second round.[80]

text: Brazil, Argentina, Spain and Germany are the only teams to win a World Cup outside their continental confederation; Brazil came out victorious in Europe (1958), North America (1970 and 1994) and Asia (2002), Argentina won a World Cup in North America in 1986, while Spain won a World Cup in Africa in 2010. Germany was the first European team to win in South America in 2014. Only on four occasions have consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent, and currently it is the first time with three champions in a row from the same continental confederation. Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively, while Italy's triumph in 2006 has been followed by Spain's in 2010 and Germany's in 2014. Currently, it is also the first time that one of the currently winning continents (Europe) is ahead of the other (South America) by two championships.

text:
Total times teams qualified by confederation

AFC
CAF
CONCACAF
CONMEBOL
OFC
UEFA
Total

Teams
32
39
39
80
4
231
425

Top 16
5
9
13
31
1
81
140[81]

Top 8
2
3
5
32
0
94
136[81]

Top 4
1
0
1
22
0
56
80

Top 2
0
0
0
14
0
26
40

1st
0
0
0
9
0
11
20

2nd
0
0
0
5
0
15
20

3rd
0
0
1
3
0
16
20

4th
1
0
0
5
0
14
20

text: Awards

text: At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently six awards:[82]

text:
The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (first awarded in 1982); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively;[83]
The Golden Boot (sometimes called the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer (first awarded in 1982, but retrospectively applied to all tournaments from 1930); most recently, the Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively;[84]
The Golden Glove Award (formerly the Yashin Award) for the best goalkeeper, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 1994);[85]
The Best Young Player Award for the best player aged 21 or younger at the start of the calendar year, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 2006);[86]
The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee (first awarded in 1978);[86]
The Most Entertaining Team for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, determined by a poll of the general public (first awarded in 1994);[86]

text: An All-Star Team consisting of the best players of the tournament has also been announced for each tournament since 1998.

text: Records and statistics

text: Two players share the record for playing in the most World Cups; Mexico's Antonio Carbajal (1950–1966) and Germany's Lothar Matthäus (1982–1998) both played in five tournaments.[87] Matthäus has played the most World Cup matches overall, with 25 appearances.[88] Brazil's Djalma Santos (1954–1962), West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer (1966–1974) and Germany's Philipp Lahm (2006–2014) are the only players to be named to three Finals All-Star Teams.[89]

text: Miroslav Klose of Germany (2002–2014) is the all-time top scorer at the finals, with 16 goals. He broke Ronaldo of Brazil's record of 15 goals (1998–2006) during 2014 semi-final match against Brazil. West Germany's Gerd Müller (1970–1974) is third, with 14 goals.[90] The fourth placed goalscorer, France's Just Fontaine, holds the record for the most goals scored in a single World Cup; all his 13 goals were scored in the 1958 tournament.[91]

text: In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals.[47] This made Brazil's Pelé the only player to have won three World Cup winners' medals (1958, 1962, and 1970, although he did not play in the 1962 final due to injury),[92] with 20 other players who have won two winners' medals. Seven players have collected all three types of World Cup medals (winners', runner- ups', and third-place); five players were from West Germany's squad of 1966–1974 including Franz Beckenbauer, Jürgen Grabowski, Horst-Dieter Höttges, Sepp Maier and Wolfgang Overath (1966–1974), Italy's Franco Baresi (1982, 1990, 1994) and the most recent has been Miroslav Klose of Germany (2002–2014) with four consecutive medals.

text: Brazil's Mário Zagallo and West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer are the only people to date to win the World Cup as both player and head coach. Zagallo won in 1958 and 1962 as a player and in 1970 as head coach.[93] Beckenbauer won in 1974 as captain and in 1990 as head coach.[94] Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to ever win two World Cups (1934 and 1938).[95] All World Cup winning head coaches were natives of the country they coached to victory.

text: Among the national teams, Germany has played the most World Cup matches (106) and appeared in the most finals (8), semi-finals (13), quarter-finals (16) as well as scoring the most World Cup goals (224), while Brazil has appeared in the most World Cups (20).[96] The two teams have played each other twice in the World Cup, in the 2002 final and in the 2014 semi-final.

text: Top goalscorers

text:
Players with more than 10 goals at World Cup tournaments

Rank
Nation
Player
Goals scored

1

Miroslav Klose
16

2

Ronaldo
15

3

Gerd Müller
14

4

Just Fontaine
13

5

Pelé
12

6

Jürgen Klinsmann
11

Sándor Kocsis
11

text: All-time table for champions

text:
Position
Name of Team
Participations
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Avg
Pts
Trophies

1
 Brazil
20
104
70
17
17
221
102
119
227
2.18
5

2
 Germany[97]
18
106
66
20
20
224
121
103
218
2.06
4

3
 Italy
18
83
45
21
17
128
77
51
156
1.88
4

4
 Argentina
16
77
42
14
21
131
84
47
140
1.82
2

5
 Spain
14
59
29
12
18
92
66
26
99
1.68
1

6
 England
14
62
26
20
16
79
56
23
98
1.58
1

7
 France
14
59
28
12
19
106
71
35
96
1.63
1

8
 Uruguay
12
51
20
12
19
80
71
9
72
1.41
2


document_title: Clan Fleming

question_text: where does the last name fleming originate from

text: Clan Fleming

text: History[edit]

text: Origins of the clan[edit]

text: The surname Fleming is derived from the French, le Fleming, which indicates that the family originated in Flanders.[3] The once powerful medieval principality of Flanders is now split between Belgium, the Netherlands and France.[3] During the latter part of the twelfth century the Flemish were enterprising merchants who traded with England, Scotland and Wales.[3] A distinguished Flemish leader named Baldwin settled with his followers in Biggar, South Lanarkshire under a grant of David I of Scotland.[3] Baldwin became Sheriff of Lanark under Malcolm IV of Scotland and William the Lion and this office appears to have been hereditary for some time.[3]

text: Wars of Scottish Independence[edit]

text: In 1296 nine Flemings signed the Ragman Rolls swearing fealty to Edward I of England.[3] However, one of the signatories was Sir Robert Fleming who was one of the first people to join Robert the Bruce after the death of the Comyn in 1306.[3]

text: In 1342 Sir Malcolm Fleming of Cumbernauld was created Earl of Wigtown by David II of Scotland for helping to keep him safe from Edward Balliol and the English.[3] In 1371 Sir Malcolm's grandson, Thomas Fleming, sold the earldom to Archibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway and this was confirmed by Robert II of Scotland.[3]

text: 15th century[edit]

text: Sir Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld was knighted by Robert III of Scotland.[3] In 1423 he was one of the hostages used for the release of James I of Scotland from the captivity of the English.[3] This Sir Malcolm Fleming was a counsellor and friend of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas and was a member of the party that went to Edinburgh Castle with Douglas, on the invitation Governor Livingstone and Chancellor Crichton in November 1440, where Douglas, his brother David and Fleming were arrested, briefly tried and then beheaded.[3] As a result, his younger son, Sir Robert Fleming, forfeited the lands that had been returned to him by James II of Scotland because his father had died at the faith and peace of His Majesty.[3] Sir Robert Fleming was created a Lord of Parliament before 1460.[3]

text: 16th century[edit]

text: Sir Robert's grandson, John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, was appointed as a guardian to James V of Scotland during the king's infancy in July 1515.[3] In 1517 John became Chancellor of Scotland.[3] However while he was out hawking on 1 November 1524, he was assassinated by John Tweedie of Drummelzier (chief of Clan Tweedie) and others.[3] Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming was Great Chamberlain of Scotland and married Lady Janet Stewart, daughter of James IV of Scotland.[3] This Malcolm Fleming was killed at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547.[3]

text: In 1548 James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming accompanied the young Mary, Queen of Scots to France where she married the heir to the throne.[3] He was Great Chamberlain of Scotland for life and was one of eight commissioners to the royal wedding in 1558.[3] However he died of suspected poisoning two weeks later in Paris.[3]

text: 17th century[edit]

text: In 1606 John the sixth Lord Fleming was recreated Earl of Wigtown.[3]

text: 18th century and Jacobite risings[edit]

text: The Clan Fleming were Jacobites and the 6th earl attended James II of England and VII of Scotland after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[3] Fleming opposed the Treaty of Union and voted against every article in the Parliament of 1706.[3] During the Jacobite rising of 1715 he was arrested by the governor of Edinburgh Castle.[3] Charles Fleming had succeeded his brother as the earl but when he died in 1747 the title became dormant.[3]

text: Modern history[edit]

text: According to the Collins Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopedia, Alexander Fleming who discovered Penicillin is the most distinguished bearer of the name in recent times.[3]

text: Clan castles[edit]

text: Castles that have been owned by the Clan Fleming include amongst many others:

text:
Biggar Castle, which was on the High Street of Biggar, South Lanarkshire was once a strong castle that dates from the thirteenth century.[2] Nothing now survives of the castle which was long held by the Flemings who were descended from Baldwin of Biggar.[2] They moved to Boghall Castle in the fourteenth century.[2]
Boghall Castle, on the south side of Biggar, Lanarkshire, mostly dates from the sixteenth century although there was an older stronghold on the site.[2] Two D shaped towers survive but the rest is ruinous.[2] Edward II of England stayed at Boghall in 1310.[2]
Cumbernauld Castle in Cumbernauld, central Scotland, was a strong castle, most of which is now gone apart from the vaulted chambers and some other fragments that are built into Cumbernauld House.[2] The castle was originally held by the Clan Comyn but passed to the Flemings in 1306.[2] Mary, Queen of Scots visited the castle and the National Covenant was signed there in 1646.[2] The castle was burned in 1746 by government dragoons during the Jacobite rising of 1745.[2]


document_title: List of Best Picture milestones

question_text: what was the first horror film to be nominated for a best picture academy award

text: List of Best Picture milestones

text: Milestones related to acting[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

2nd
1928/29
Broadway Melody, TheThe Broadway Melody
1
3
First winner for Best Picture to receive an acting nomination

7th
1934
It Happened One Night
5
5
First Best Picture nominee and to win both Best Actor and Best Actress

15th
1942
Mrs. Miniver
6
12
First Best Picture nominee and to receive nominations in all of the four acting categories

35th
1962
Lawrence of Arabia
7
10
Only Best Picture winner to have credited roles for actors of only one gender

48th
1975
One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest
5
9
Second Best Picture nominee to win both Best Actor and Best Actress

64th
1991
Silence of the Lambs, TheThe Silence of the Lambs
5
7
Most recent Best Picture winner to win both Best Actor and Best Actress

70th
1997
As Good As It Gets
2
7
Most recent Best Picture nominee to win both Best Actor and Best Actress

81st
2008
Slumdog Millionaire
8
10
Most recent film to win Best Picture without receiving any acting nominations

86th
2013
American Hustle
0
10
Most recent Best Picture nominee to receive nominations in all four of the acting categories

89th
2016
Moonlight
3
8
First Best Picture winner to feature an all black cast

text: Milestones related to country or language[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

4th
1930/31
Trader Horn
0
1
First film shot on location outside the United States (Africa and Mexico) to be nominated for Best Picture

6th
1932/33
Private Life of Henry VIII, TheThe Private Life of Henry VIII
1
2
First foreign film to be nominated for Best Picture and to win any Academy Award (British)

11th
1938
Grand Illusion
0
1
First foreign language film to be nominated for Best Picture (French)

21st
1948
Hamlet
4
7
First foreign film to win Best Picture (British)

73rd
2000
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
4
10
Most recent foreign language film nominated for Best Picture with the most number of Academy Award nominations as well as First Chinese language film to be nominated for Best Picture.

84th
2011
The Artist
5
10
First production from a non-English speaking country to win Best Picture (French)[1]

85th
2012
Amour
1
5
Most recent foreign language film to be nominated for Best Picture (French)

text: Milestones related to directing[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

19th
1946
Henry V
1
5
First Best Picture nominee directed by an Englishman (Laurence Olivier)

21st
1948
Hamlet
4
7
First Best Picture winner directed by an Englishman (Laurence Olivier)

34th
1961
West Side Story
10
11
First of only two Best Picture winners to have more than one credited director (Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise)

59th
1986
Children of a Lesser God
1
5
First Best Picture nominee directed by a woman (Randa Haines)

70th
1997
Titanic
11
14
First Best Picture winner to be produced, directed, written, and edited by the same person (James Cameron)

79th
2006
Babel
1
6
First Best Picture nominee directed by a Mexican (Alejandro González Iñárritu)

80th
2007
No Country for Old Men
4
8
Most recent Best Picture winner to have more than one credited director (Joel and Ethan Coen)

82nd
2009
Hurt Locker, TheThe Hurt Locker
6
9
First (and only) Best Picture winner directed by a woman (Kathryn Bigelow)

82nd
2009
Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
2
6
First Best Picture nominee directed by an African-American (Lee Daniels)

84th
2011
The Artist
5
10
First Best Picture winner directed by a Frenchman (Michel Hazanavicius)

85th
2012
Argo
3
7
Most recent film to win Best Picture without being nominated for Best Director

86th
2013
12 Years a Slave
3
9
First Best Picture winner directed by a person of African descent (Steve McQueen)

87th
2014
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
4
9
First Best Picture winner directed by a Mexican (Alejandro G. Iñárritu)

89th
2016
Moonlight
3
8
First Best Picture winner directed by an African American (Barry Jenkins)

text: Milestones related to genre[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

1st
1927/28
Wings
2
2
First war film to be nominated and win Best Picture

2nd
1928/29
Broadway Melody, TheThe Broadway Melody
1
3
First musical (diegetic backstage) to win Best Picture

2nd
1928/29
Hollywood Revue of 1929, TheThe Hollywood Revue of 1929
0
1
First (and only) revue to be nominated for Best Picture

3rd
1929/30
Love Parade, TheThe Love Parade
0
6
First non-diegetic musical nominated for Best Picture

4th
1930/31
Cimarron
3
7
First western to win Best Picture

7th
1934
It Happened One Night
5
5
First comedy to win Best Picture

9th
1936
Great Ziegfeld, TheThe Great Ziegfeld
3
7
First biographical picture (biopic) to win Best Picture

12th
1939
Wizard of Oz, TheThe Wizard of Oz
2
6
First children's film to be nominated for Best Picture

13th
1940
Rebecca
2
11
First thriller to win Best Picture

40th
1967
In the Heat of the Night
5
7
First (and only) mystery to win Best Picture

44th
1971
A Clockwork Orange
0
4
First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture

46th
1973
Exorcist, TheThe Exorcist
2
10
First horror film to be nominated for Best Picture

49th
1976
Rocky
3
10
First sports film to win Best Picture

58th
1985
Kiss of the Spider Woman
1
4
First independent film to be nominated for Best Picture

64th
1991
Beauty and the Beast
2
6
First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

64th
1991
Silence of the Lambs, TheThe Silence of the Lambs
5
7
First (and only) horror film to win Best Picture

65th
1992
Unforgiven
4
9
Most recent Western to win Best Picture

73rd
2000
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
4
10
First (and only) martial arts film to be nominated for Best Picture

75th
2002
Chicago
6
13
Most recent musical to win Best Picture

76th
2003
Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, TheThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
11
11
First (and only) fantasy film to win Best Picture

86th
2013
12 Years a Slave
3
9
Most recent biopic to win Best Picture

87th
2014
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
4
9
Most recent comedy to win Best Picture

89th
2016
Moonlight
3
8
First (and only) LGBT film to win Best Picture

text: Milestones related to other Academy Awards[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

1st
1927/28
Wings
2
2
Winner of the first Academy award for Best Picture

2nd
1928/29
Broadway Melody, TheThe Broadway Melody
1
3
First film to win Best Picture without winning any other Academy Awards

4th
1930/31
Cimarron
3
7
First film to be nominated for every major Academy Award, including Best Picture

5th
1931/32
Grand Hotel
1
1
First (and only) film to win Best Picture without receiving any other nominations

7th
1934
It Happened One Night
5
5
First of only three films to win every major Academy Award, including Best Picture

8th
1935
Mutiny on the Bounty
1
8
Most recent film to win Best Picture without winning any other Academy Awards

13th
1940
Rebecca
2
11
Last film to win Best Picture without winning for directing, writing, or acting

16th
1943
Ox-Bow Incident, TheThe Ox-Bow Incident
0
1
Most recent film to be nominated for Best Picture and no other award

24th
1951
Decision Before Dawn
0
2
First film to be nominated for Best Picture and only one other award after the switch to five nominees in 1944

39th
1966
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
5
13
First (and only) Best Picture nominee to be nominated for every award category in which it was eligible

45th
1972
Cabaret
8
10
Most Oscar wins for a film that lost Best Picture

48th
1975
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
5
9
Second of only three films to win every major Academy Award, including Best Picture

64th
1991
Silence of the Lambs, TheThe Silence of the Lambs
5
7
Third of only three films to win every major Academy Award, including Best Picture

67th
1994
Four Weddings and a Funeral
0
2
Second, and final, film to be nominated for Best Picture and only one other award during the five nominee era. (1944-2008)

70th
1997
Titanic
11
14
Most recent film to win Best Picture without a screenplay nomination (Adapted or Original)

76th
2003
Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, TheThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
11
11
Most recent film to win Best Picture and all of its other nominated categories

87th
2014
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
4
9
Most recent film to win Best Picture without a Best Film Editing nomination.

89th
2016
La La Land
6
14
Most recent film to be nominated for every major Academy Award, including Best Picture

text: Milestones related to other awards ceremonies[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

6th
1932/33
42nd Street
0
2
Earliest Best Picture nominee to be the basis for a winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical (1981).

11th
1938
You Can't Take It with You
2
7
First of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from plays that won the Pulitzer Prize

12th
1939
Gone with the Wind
8
13
First of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from novels that won the Pulitzer Prize

18th
1945
Lost Weekend, TheThe Lost Weekend
4
7
Only film to win both Best Picture and the Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix du Festival International du Film

22nd
1949
All the King's Men
3
7
Second of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from novels that won the Pulitzer Prize

23rd
1950
All About Eve
6
14
First Best Picture winner to be the basis for a winner (or nominee) of the Tony Award for Best Musical (1970) which, in turn, was the first Best Musical winner or nominee to be based on any film.

27th
1954
On the Waterfront
8
12
First of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from journalism that won the Pulitzer Prize (for Local Reporting in 1949)

28th
1955
Marty
4
8
Only film to win both Best Picture and the Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or

28th
1955
Mister Roberts
1
3
One of two (along with The Rose Tattoo) Best Picture nominees that were the first to be adapted from a recipient of the Tony Award for Best Play (1948). (Note: Mister Roberts was pre-selected for Best Play when that award was a non-competitive category.)

28th
1955
Rose Tattoo, TheThe Rose Tattoo
3
8
One of two (along with Mister Roberts) Best Picture nominees that were the first to be adapted from a recipient of the Tony Award for Best Play (1951). (Note: The Rose Tattoo was pre-selected for Best Play when that award was a non-competitive category.)

29th
1956
King and I, TheThe King and I
5
9
First Best Picture nominee based on a recipient of the Tony Award for Best Musical (1952). (Note: The 1952 production of The King and I was pre-selected for the Tony Award when Best Musical was a non-competitive category.)

31st
1958
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
0
6
First Best Picture nominee based on a nominee for the Tony Award for Best Play (1956) in a competitive category.

32nd
1959
Diary of Anne Frank, TheThe Diary of Anne Frank
3
8
First Best Picture nominee based on a winner of the Tony Award for Best Play (1956) in a competitive category.

34th
1961
West Side Story
10
11
First Best Picture winner based on a nominee for the Tony Award for Best Musical (1958) in a competitive category.

35th
1962
Music Man, TheThe Music Man
1
6
First Best Picture nominee based on a Tony Award for Best Musical (1958) winner in a competitive category.

37th
1964
My Fair Lady
8
12
First of two Best Picture winners (awarded in consecutive years) to be based on a winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical (1957).

38th
1965
Sound of Music, TheThe Sound of Music
5
10
Second of two Best Picture winners (awarded in consecutive years) to be based on a winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical (1960). (Note: The 1959 production of The Sound of Music tied with Fiorello! for Best Musical.)

39th
1966
Man for All Seasons, AA Man for All Seasons
6
8
First of only two Best Picture winners based on a winner of the Tony Award for Best Play (1962).

46th
1973
Sting, TheThe Sting
7
10
First of only two films to win Best Picture without being nominated for either of the three Golden Globes for Best Motion Picture (drama, comedy/musical or foreign film).

57th
1984
Amadeus
8
11
Second of only two Best Picture winners based on a winner of the Tony Award for Best Play (1981).

61st
1988
Rain Man
4
8
Only film to win Berlin Golden Bear and Best Picture

62nd
1989
Driving Miss Daisy
4
9
Second of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from plays that won the Pulitzer Prize

78th
2005
Crash
3
6
First of only three film festival acquisitions to win Best Picture

78th
2005
Crash
3
6
Second of only two films to win Best Picture without being nominated for either of the three Golden Globes for Best Motion Picture (drama, comedy/musical or foreign film).

82nd
2009
Hurt Locker, TheThe Hurt Locker
6
9
Second of only three film festival acquisitions to win Best Picture

84th
2011
The Artist
5
10
Most recent of only three film festival acquisitions to win Best Picture[2]

88th
2015
Spotlight
2
6
Second of only two Best Picture winners to have been adapted for the screen from journalism that won the Pulitzer Prize (for Public Service in 2003)

text: Milestones related to rating[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

41st
1968
Oliver!
6
11
First film with an MPAA rating to win Best Picture

41st
1968
Oliver!
6
11
First (and only) G-rated film to win Best Picture*

42nd
1969
Midnight Cowboy
3
7
First (and only) X-rated film to win Best Picture

42nd
1969
Anne of the Thousand Days
1
10
First M-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture

42nd
1969
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
4
7
Most recent M-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture

43rd
1970
Patton
7
10
First (and only) GP-rated film to win Best Picture

44th
1971
Clockwork Orange, AA Clockwork Orange
0
4
Most recent X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture

44th
1971
Nicholas and Alexandra
2
7
Last GP-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture

44th
1971
French Connection, TheThe French Connection
5
8
First R-rated film to win Best Picture

46th
1973
The Sting
7
10
First PG-rated film to win Best Picture

58th
1985
Color Purple, TheThe Color Purple
0
11
First PG-13-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture

59th
1986
Room with a View, AA Room with a View
3
8
Last unrated film to receive a Best Picture nomination, as well as the only unrated film after 1967 to get a Best Picture nomination

60th
1987
Last Emperor, TheThe Last Emperor
9
9
First PG-13-rated film to win Best Picture

62nd
1989
Driving Miss Daisy
4
9
Most recent Best Picture winner with a PG rating

83rd
2010
Toy Story 3
2
5
Most recent Best Picture nominee with a G rating.

84th
2011
The Artist
5
10
Most recent Best Picture winner with a PG-13 rating.

89th
2016
Hidden Figures
0
3
Most recent Best Picture nominee with a PG rating.

text: Although some best picture winners that were made before the MPAA rating system such as Gone with the Wind were later given G ratings, Oliver! is the only best picture winner to have been rated G at the time that it won the award.

text: Milestones related to sequels, prequels, remakes, and adaptations[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

3rd
1929/30
Disraeli
1
3
First remake (of a 1921 silent film) to be nominated for Best Picture

4th
1930/31
Skippy
1
4
First (and only) film based on a comic book, comic strip, or graphic novel to be nominated for Best Picture

8th
1935
Midsummer Night's Dream, AA Midsummer Night's Dream
2*
3
First Shakespeare adaptation to be nominated for Best Picture (* one of its two Oscars was a write-in winner)

18th
1945
Bells of St. Mary's, TheThe Bells of St. Mary's
1
8
First sequel to be nominated for Best Picture

21st
1948
Hamlet
4
7
First (and only) Shakespeare adaptation to win Best Picture

28th
1955
Marty
4
8
First (and only) film based on a television film or mini-series to win Best Picture

47th
1974
Godfather Part II, TheThe Godfather Part II
6
11
First sequel to win Best Picture.

63rd
1990
Godfather Part III, TheThe Godfather Part III
0
7
First of only two trilogies to have all three films nominated for Best Picture

63rd
1990
Godfather Part III, TheThe Godfather Part III
0
7
Only third installment in a trilogy that didn't win Best Picture with all of the installments in the trilogy nominated.

66th
1993
Fugitive, TheThe Fugitive
1
7
First film based on a television series to be nominated for Best Picture

73rd
2000
Traffic
4
5
Most recent Best Picture nominee to have been based on a television film or mini-series

76th
2003
Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, TheThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
11
11
Second of only two trilogies to have all three films nominated for Best Picture, and only one to have the third installment win.

79th
2006
Departed, TheThe Departed
4
5
First (and only) remake of a feature film to win Best Picture

83rd
2010
Toy Story 3
2
5
First of only two sequels to be nominated for Best Picture without any of its predecessors being nominated

88th
2015
Mad Max: Fury Road
6
10
First fourth installment of a franchise to be nominated for Best Picture. Second of only two sequels to be nominated for Best Picture without any of its predecessors being nominated

text: Milestones related to superlatives[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

6th
1932/33
She Done Him Wrong
0
1
Shortest film to be nominated for Best Picture (1 hour 6 minutes)

12th
1939
Gone with the Wind
8
13
Longest film to win Best Picture (3 hours 54 minutes)[note 1]

23rd
1950
All About Eve
6
14
First of only three films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture

25th
1952
The Bad and the Beautiful
5
6
Most wins without a nomination for Best Picture

28th
1955
Marty
4
8
Shortest film to win Best Picture (1 hour 30 minutes)[note 2]

31st
1958
Gigi
9
9
Shortest title of a Best Picture winner (tied with Argo)

32nd
1959
Ben-Hur
11
12
First of only three films to win 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture

36th
1963
Cleopatra
4
5
Longest film to be nominated for Best Picture (4 hours 8 minutes)[note 3]

42nd
1969
They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
1
9
Most nominations without being nominated for Best Picture

42nd
1969
Z
2
5
Shortest title of a Best Picture nominee

45th
1972
Cabaret
8
10
Best Picture nominee to win the most Academy Awards (8) without winning Best Picture

50th
1977
Turning Point, TheThe Turning Point
0
11
First of two Best Picture nominees to receive 11 nominations without winning any Academy Awards

58th
1985
Color Purple, TheThe Color Purple
0
11
Second of two Best Picture nominees to receive 11 nominations without winning any Academy Awards

70th
1997
Titanic
11
14
Second of only three films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture

70th
1997
Titanic
11
14
First Best Picture winner to gross more than a billion US dollars worldwide.[4]

70th
1997
Titanic
11
14
Second of only three films to win 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture

76th
2003
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
11
11
First and only film with ten or more nominations (11) to win in every nomination it received including Best Picture

85th
2013
Argo
3
7
Shortest title of a Best Picture winner (tied with Gigi)

87th
2014
Selma
1
2
Most recent film to be nominated for Best Picture and not receive at least a single nomination in direction, acting or screenplay.

87th
2014
Selma
1
2
Most recent film to be nominated for Best Picture to have won every nomination except Best Picture.

89th
2016
La La Land
6
14
Third of only three films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture.

89th
2016
La La Land
6
14
First film to receive 14 Academy Award nominations without winning Best Picture.

89th
2016
La La Land
6
14
Most recent film to win the most Academy Awards in its year (6) without winning Best Picture

89th
2016
Moonlight
3
8
Lowest-grossing film after 1955 to win Best Picture

text: Milestones related to technology[edit]

text:
Annual
Year
Film
Awards
Noms
Milestone

1st
1927/28
Wings
2
2
First (of two) silent films to win Best Picture

2nd
1928/29
Broadway Melody, TheThe Broadway Melody
1
3
First sound film to win Best Picture

10th
1937
Star Is Born, AA Star Is Born
1
7
First all-color film nominated for Best Picture

12th
1939
Gone with the Wind
8
13
First all-color film to win Best Picture

18th
1945
Anchors Aweigh
1
5
First live action/traditional animation hybrid film to be nominated for Best Picture

26th
1953
Robe, TheThe Robe
2
5
First motion picture (and Best Picture nominee) in CinemaScope

33rd
1960
Apartment, TheThe Apartment
5
10
Last black-and-white film before 1993 to win Best Picture

36th
1963
How the West Was Won
3
8
First (and only) film shot in the 3-strip Cinerama process to be nominated for Best Picture

64th
1991
Beauty and the Beast
2
6
First (and, to date, only) traditional animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

81st
2008
Slumdog Millionaire
8
10
First film to be shot, in part, digitally to win Best Picture

82nd
2009
Avatar
3
9
First nominee to be entirely filmed using 3D film technology

82nd
2009
Up
2
5
First computer animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

84th
2011
The Artist
5
10
Most recent black-and-white film to win Best Picture

87th
2014
Birdman
4
9
First of three films to be entirely shot digitally to win Best Picture[5]

88th
2015
Spotlight
2
6
Second of three films to be entirely shot digitally to win Best Picture

89th
2016
Manchester by the Sea
2
6
First film released by streaming distributor to be nominated for Best Picture

89th
2016
Moonlight
3
8
Third of three films to be entirely shot digitally to win Best Picture

text: Other superlatives[edit]

text:
Category
Record Holder
Record

Most Best Picture Awards by a Studio[note 4]
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
5 awards

Most Best Picture Nominations by a Studio[note 4]
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
40 nominations

Most Best Picture Awards by a Producer
Sam Spiegel and Saul Zaentz
3 awards

Most Best Picture Nominations by a Producer
Hal B. Wallis
19 nominations

Most Best Picture Awards by a Director
William Wyler
3 awards

Most Best Picture Nominations by a Director
William Wyler
13 nominations

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ It remains a very close call — a tie, virtually — between the top two "longest" Best Pictures. The total film time (without music) of Gone with the Wind (1939) is almost 221 minutes (3 hours and 41 minutes); with the Overture, Intermission, Entr'acte, and Walkout Music, it reaches 234 minutes (3 hours and 54 minutes). The total film time (without music) of the original Lawrence of Arabia (1962) is just over 222 minutes (3 hours and 42 minutes), slightly longer than Gone with the Wind. Lawrence of Arabia's additional elements extend the film to about 232 minutes (3 hours and 52 minutes). If just counting the film itself, Lawrence of Arabia is the longer of the two contenders. The other longest Best Picture winners are, in order: Ben-Hur (1959) at 212 minutes (3 hours and 32 minutes) and The Lord of Rings: Return of the King (2003) at 201 minutes (3 hours and 21 minutes). However, the Extended Edition of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, which was released almost a year after the shorter theatrical version of the film won Best Picture, runs 251 minutes (4 hours and 11 minutes).
Jump up ^ There is an alternate version which includes an extra scene that takes this film's duration to 94 minutes, a minute longer than the second shortest Best Picture winner, 1977's Annie Hall. The extra scene is included on the CBS FOX Video but deleted from the MGM Vintage Classics Video and DVD.[3]
Jump up ^ The longest film to ever win any Academy Award was Russia's War and Peace (1968) at 414 minutes (6 hours and 54 minutes), winner of Best Foreign Language Film.
^ Jump up to: a b Until the 23rd Academy Awards (1950), Best Picture was awarded to the studio that produced the film. Beginning with the 24th Academy Awards (1951), however, it has been awarded to the individual producers credited on the film. Note also that until 1943, there were ten (rather than five) nominated films per year. As of 2009, there are once again ten nominated films. The first year in which multiple individuals jointly won was 1973, with three winners for The Sting. The greatest number of joint winners was five, for Shakespeare in Love in 1998. After this, the Academy imposed a limit of three nominated producers per film; however, this limit may be exceeded in a "rare and extraordinary circumstance", such as in 2008 when both Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack were posthumously included among four nominees for The Reader.[6]