document_title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

question_text: where was the killing of the sacred deer filmed

root

text: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: Plot[edit]

text: Steven Murphy, a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, finishes an open heart surgery, and later goes to a diner where he meets a teenage boy named Martin, who appears to have a form of neurodevelopmental disorder. Steven seems to be a mentor to Martin, but the precise nature of their relationship is unexplained. Afterward, Steven returns home to his wife, Anna, and their children, Kim and Bob, and reveals his connection to Martin, claiming he is a schoolmate of Kim's. He later privately tells Anna that Martin's father died in a car accident ten years earlier, and that he has taken an interest in the boy to help him grieve. At Steven's suggestion, Martin comes to the Murphy household for dinner; Kim seems particularly taken with him.

tag: p

text: Martin tries to return the favor by inviting Steven to his mother's home for dinner. After the meal, Steven, who is clearly uncomfortable with the situation, attempts to leave, but Martin insists he stay and watch a movie with them. Martin leaves halfway through the film, and his mother makes a sexual advance on Steven, who quickly rebuffs her and goes home. Over the next few days, Martin's demands on Steven's time grow increasingly frequent and desperate, but Steven does not reply. All seems well until one morning when Bob awakens and finds he cannot feel his legs—he has become paralyzed. Steven and Anna rush him to the hospital, where a full neurological examination reveals that nothing is wrong physically. Though he briefly recovers, Bob remains unable to walk. While the elder Murphys tend to Bob, Kim meets with Martin for a date, becoming increasingly infatuated.

text: The next morning, Martin visits Bob in the hospital and demands that Steven speak to him in private. The two retreat to the cafeteria, where Martin reveals the truth: his father did not die immediately, as Steven told his wife, but during surgery after the crash that Steven himself performed. Steven failed to save Martin's father, and the boy bluntly tells Steven that he blames the cardiologist for the death. He further explains that, to "balance" the act of destroying a family, Steven must kill one of the members of his own. Martin goes on to explain that he has placed a curse upon the Murphys that will gradually kill them through a series of stages unless Steven makes his choice and murders one of them; the paralysis is the first of these four stages. Steven attempts to dismiss these seemingly wild claims, but later finds that Bob is refusing food–this is the second stage of Martin's curse. Kim later loses the uses of her legs during a choir practice and also will not eat, furthering Steven's panic.

text: Anna, suspecting that her formerly alcoholic husband may have imbibed on the day of the operation, speaks to Steven's anesthesiologist, who reveals that Steven did in fact have a few drinks that morning, with Anna sexually gratifying him as payment for the information. Anna's concern and anger grow when Kim receives a phone call from Martin at the hospital; during the conversation, Kim abruptly regains the use of her legs, only to lose mobility again when the connection is broken. This seems to convince Anna of Martin's power, and she travels to his home to directly ask why she and her children must suffer for Steven's mistakes. The unrepentant Martin cannot answer, simply remarking that "this is the closest thing I have to justice". At Anna's insistence, the children are transported to their home, where they are continually fed though an NG tube. Anna and Steven fight over the situation, with Steven refusing to believe that anything supernatural is happening. That night, he kidnaps Martin and binds him to a chair in the basement, brutally beating him and demanding that he undo his hold on the children. Martin remains unflappable, warning Steven that time is running out.

text: Martin's presence only exacerbates the tension in the household: Kim and Bob argue with each other over who their father will choose; Steven tries to gather information to make the decision; and Anna claims that killing one of the children is clearly the only option, as they can have another. Kim attempts to save herself by traveling to the basement to see Martin, demanding that he free her again so that they may run away together. Her strategy fails and she tries to escape herself by crawling through the neighborhood; Steven and Anna save her. The next morning, Anna releases Martin while Steven sleeps, pointing out that holding him captive was of no use. Later that day, Bob begins bleeding from the eyes—the final stage of the curse before death. Rather than choose, Steven binds Kim, Bob, and Anna to chairs in the living room, covers their heads, and pulls a black woolen mask over his own face. He next loads a rifle, spins uncontrollably, and fires; the first two shots miss, but the third pierces Bob's heart and kills him.

text: Some time later, the family visits the same diner where Steven previously met with Martin. As they sit in silence, Martin enters and stares at them; he and the family briefly lock eyes and Kim begins eating before they stand and leave. Martin gazes after them as they walk through the door.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Colin Farrell as Steven Murphy, Anna's husband and Bob and Kim's father
Nicole Kidman as Anna Murphy, Steven's wife and Bob and Kim's mother
Barry Keoghan as Martin, a teenager who Steven meets with
Raffey Cassidy as Kim Murphy, Steven and Anna's daughter and Bob's sister
Sunny Suljic as Bob Murphy, Steven and Anna's son and Kim's brother
Alicia Silverstone as Martin's mother
Bill Camp as Matthew, an anesthesiologist

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On May 11, 2016, it was announced that Colin Farrell had been cast in the film, with Yorgos Lanthimos directing from a screenplay he had written with Efthymis Filipou. Film4 Productions and Element Pictures would produce the project.[4] In June 2016, Nicole Kidman joined the cast of the film.[5] In August 2016, Alicia Silverstone, Raffey Cassidy, Bill Camp, Barry Keoghan, and Sunny Suljic joined the cast.[6]

text: Filming[edit]

text: As of August 23, 2016, the film has begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital.[7] It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods.[8] The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.

text: Release[edit]

text: In May 2016, A24 acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film.[9] That same month, Haut et Court acquired French distribution rights to the film.[10] It had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on May 22, 2017.[11][12][13] Lanthimos and Filippou won the Best Screenplay award.[14]

text: It was released in the United States on October 20, 2017[15][16] and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating 79% based on 203 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Killing of a Sacred Deer continues director Yorgos Lanthimos' stubbornly idiosyncratic streak—and demonstrates again that he is a talent not to be ignored."[17] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100 based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Cannes Film Festival
May 26, 2017
Palme D'Or
Yorgos Lanthimos
Nominated
[19]

Best Screenplay Award
Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou
Won

European Film Awards
December 10, 2017
Best European Actor
Colin Farrell
Pending
[20]

Best European Director
Yorgos Lanthimos
Pending

Best European Screenwriter
Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou
Pending

Independent Spirit Awards
March 3, 2018
Best Supporting Male
Barry Keoghan
Pending
[21]

Best Cinematography
Thimios Bakatakis
Pending

Sitges Film Festival
October 14, 2017
Best Film
The Killing of a Sacred Deer
Nominated
[22]

José Luis Guarner Critics’ Award
Won

tag: table


document_title: Kevin Durant

question_text: when did kevin durant start playing for golden state

text: Kevin Durant

text: Early life

text: Durant was born on September 29, 1988, in Washington, D.C.,[2] to Wanda (née Durant) and Wayne Pratt. When Durant was an infant, his father deserted the family; Wanda and Wayne eventually divorced, and Durant's grandmother Barbara Davis helped raise him. By age 13, his father re-entered his life and traveled the country with him to basketball tournaments.[3][4] Durant has one sister, Brianna, and two brothers, Tony and Rayvonne.[5]

text: Durant and his siblings grew up in Prince George's County, Maryland, on the eastern outskirts of Washington, D.C.[6] He was unusually tall from a young age, and reached 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) in height while still in middle school (age 13–14).[7] Growing up, Durant wanted to play for his favorite team, the Toronto Raptors,[8] which included his favorite player, Vince Carter.[8] He played Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) basketball for several teams in the Maryland area and was teammates with future National Basketball Association (NBA) players Michael Beasley, Greivis Vásquez, and Ty Lawson, the former of whom Durant remains friends with to this day.[9][10] During this time, he began wearing #35 as his jersey number in honor of his AAU coach, Charles Craig, who was murdered at the age of 35.[11]

text: After playing two years of high school basketball at National Christian Academy and one year at Oak Hill Academy, Durant transferred to Montrose Christian School for his senior year, growing 5 inches (13 cm) before the start of the season and beginning the year at a height of 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m).[12] Prior to the start of the season, he committed to the University of Texas.[13] At the conclusion of the year, he was named the Washington Post All-Met Basketball Player of the Year, as well as the Most Valuable Player of the 2006 McDonald's All-American Game.[14][15] He was widely regarded as the second-best high school prospect of 2006.[16][17]

text: College career

text: For the 2006–07 college season, Durant—who had grown to 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)—averaged 25.8 points, 11.1 rebounds, and 1.3 assists per game for the Texas Longhorns as a student at the University of Texas.[2] The Longhorns finished the year with a 25–10 record overall and a 12–4 record in conference.[18] Awarded a fourth seed in the NCAA Tournament, Texas won their first round match-up against New Mexico State but were upset in the second round by USC despite a 30-point and 9-rebound performance from Durant.[19] For his outstanding play, Durant was recognized as the unanimous national player of the year, winning the John R. Wooden Award,[20] the Naismith College Player of the Year Award,[21] and all eight other widely recognized honors and awards.[22][23][24][25][26][27] This made Durant the first freshman to win any of the national player of the year awards.[28] On April 11, he officially declared for the NBA draft.[29] His #35 jersey was later retired by the Longhorns.[30]

text: College career statistics

text:
College
Year
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

Texas
2006–07
35
35
35.9
.473
.404
.816
11.1
1.3
1.9
1.9
25.8

text: Professional career

text: Seattle SuperSonics (2007–2008)

text: Durant was selected as the second overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics.[32] In his first regular season game, the 19-year-old Durant registered 18 points, 5 rebounds, and 3 steals against the Denver Nuggets.[33] On November 16, he made the first game-winning shot of his career in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.[34] At the conclusion of the season, he was named the NBA Rookie of the Year behind averages of 20.3 points, 4.4 rebounds, and 2.4 assists per game.[2] He joined Carmelo Anthony and LeBron James as the only teenagers in league history to average at least 20 points per game over an entire season.[35]

text: Oklahoma City Thunder (2008–2016)

text: Breakthrough (2008–10)

text: Following Durant's debut season, the SuperSonics relocated from Seattle to Oklahoma City, becoming the Thunder and switching to new colors blue, orange, and yellow.[36] The team also drafted UCLA guard Russell Westbrook, who would form an All-Star combination with Durant in later years.[37] At the 2009 NBA All-Star Weekend, Durant set a Rookie Challenge record with 46 points.[38] By the conclusion of the year, he had raised his scoring average by five points from the prior season to 25.3 points per game,[2] and was considered a strong candidate for the Most Improved Player Award, eventually finishing third in the voting.[39] Durant continued to grow during his first few years in the NBA, finally reaching a height of 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m).[1]

text: During the 2009–10 season, Durant was selected to his first NBA All-Star Game.[2] Behind his play, the Thunder improved their record by 27 wins from the previous year and defied expectations to make the playoffs.[40][41] With a scoring average of 30.1 points per game, he became the youngest NBA scoring champion and was selected to his first All-NBA team.[2][42] In his playoff debut, he scored 24 points in a Game 1 loss against the Los Angeles Lakers.[43] Oklahoma City would go on to lose the series in six games,[44] but the team's performance led many analysts to label them as an upcoming title contender.[45]

text: Deep playoff runs (2010–13)

text: Prior to the start of the 2010–11 season, Durant announced via Twitter that he had signed a five-year contract extension with the Thunder worth approximately $86 million.[46][47] For the second consecutive year, he led the NBA in scoring, averaging 27.7 points a game.[48] Behind his leadership, the Thunder won 55 games and earned the fourth seed in the Western Conference.[49] In the playoffs, Oklahoma City defeated the Denver Nuggets and Memphis Grizzlies en route to a Conference Finals match-up versus the Dallas Mavericks, losing in five games.[50]

text: On February 19 of the lockout-shortened 2011–12 season, Durant recorded his first career 50-point game, scoring 51 points against the Denver Nuggets.[51][52] At the All-Star Game, he scored 36 points and was awarded the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award.[53] He finished the year with a scoring average of 28 points per game, representing his third straight scoring title.[54] Behind his play, the Thunder won 47 games and entered the playoffs as the Western Conference's second seed.[55] In Game 1 of the first round against the Mavericks, Durant hit a game-winner with 1.5 seconds remaining.[56] Oklahoma City would go on to defeat Dallas, the Lakers, and the San Antonio Spurs before losing to the Miami Heat in the Finals.[57] For the championship round, Durant led all players with 30.6 points per game, doing so on a 54.8 shooting rate.[58]

text: With a scoring average of 28.1 points per game to finish the 2012–13 season, Durant failed to defend his scoring title; however, with a 51 percent shooting rate, a 41.6 percent three point shooting rate, and a 90.5 free throw shooting rate, he became the youngest player in NBA history to join the 50–40–90 club.[2][59] Finishing the year with a 60–22 record, Oklahoma City earned the first seed in the Western Conference.[60] In the first round of the playoffs against the Houston Rockets, Russell Westbrook tore his meniscus, forcing him to miss the remainder of the postseason.[61][62] Without Westbrook, Durant was given more responsibility,[63] averaging a career-high 30.8 points per game throughout the playoffs,[2] but Oklahoma City were eventually eliminated in the second round by the Memphis Grizzlies in five games.[61]

text: MVP season (2013–14)

text: In January of the 2013–14 season, Durant averaged 35.9 points per game while scoring 30 or more points in 12 straight games, including a career-high 54 points against the Golden State Warriors.[64][65] In April, he surpassed Michael Jordan's record for consecutive games scoring 25 points or more at 41.[66] The Thunder finished the year with 59 wins and Durant was voted the NBA Most Valuable Player behind averages of 32 points, 7.4 rebounds, and 5.5 assists per game.[67] To begin the first round of the playoffs, he struggled against the physical play of the Grizzlies, converting on only 24 percent of his field goals in Game 4.[68] Through six games, the Thunder trailed the series 3–2, prompting The Oklahoman to dub Durant "Mr. Unreliable".[69] He responded by scoring 36 points in a Game 6 victory.[70] Oklahoma City eventually eliminated Memphis and the Los Angeles Clippers before losing to the Spurs in the Conference Finals in six games[71]

text: Final seasons with the Thunder (2014–16)

text: Prior to the start of the 2014–15 season, Durant was diagnosed with a Jones fracture in his right foot and was ruled out for six to eight weeks.[72] He subsequently missed the first 17 games of the year, making his season debut for the Thunder on December 2 against the New Orleans Pelicans.[73] On December 18, he injured his ankle against the Golden State Warriors,[74] returning to action on December 31 against the Phoenix Suns to score a season-high 44 points.[75] He then sprained his left big toe in late January.[76] On February 22, he was sidelined again after undergoing a minor procedure to help reduce pain and discomfort in his surgically repaired right foot,[77] and on March 27, he was officially ruled out for the rest of the season after deciding to undergo foot surgery.[78] In just 27 games, he averaged 25.4 points, 6.6 rebounds, and 4.1 assists per game.[2]

text: To begin the 2015–16 season, Durant and Russell Westbrook reached several historical milestones together, including becoming the first pair of teammates to each score at least 40 points in a single game since 1996, doing so in a win over the Orlando Magic on October 30.[79][80][81] On April 11, Durant scored 34 points against the Lakers, setting an NBA record for consecutive games scoring 20 or more points with 64.[82] For the year, Durant averaged 28.2 points, 8.2 rebounds, 5 assists, and 1.2 blocks per game,[2] leading the Thunder to 55 wins and the third seed in the West.[83] In Game 2 of the first round of the playoffs against the Mavericks, he scored 21 points but made just 7-of-33 shots in the worst postseason shooting performance, both by percentage and number of misses, of his career.[84] After defeating Dallas, Oklahoma City moved on to face the Spurs in the second round, falling behind 2–1 to start the series.[83] In Game 4, Durant tied his playoff career high with 41 points in a Thunder win.[85] Oklahoma City eventually defeated the Spurs in six games, drawing a matchup with the record-setting 73-win Golden State Warriors in the Conference Finals.[83] Despite going up 3–1, the Thunder were ousted in seven games, with Durant providing 27 points in Game 7.[86]

text: Golden State Warriors (2016–present)

text: 2016–17 season: First NBA Championship

text: On July 4, 2016, Durant announced his intentions to sign with the Golden State Warriors in a Players' Tribune piece titled "My Next Chapter."[87][88][89] The move was received negatively by the public and NBA analysts, with many comparing the move to LeBron James's 2010 off-season departure from the Cleveland Cavaliers to join the Miami Heat.[90] On July 7, he officially signed with the Warriors on a two-year, $54.3 million contract with a player option after the first year.[91][92][93]

text: On October 25, Durant made his debut for the Warriors in their season opener against the San Antonio Spurs. In 36 minutes of action, he recorded a team-high 27 points and 10 rebounds in a 129–100 loss.[94] Three days later, he recorded 30 points and 17 rebounds (one shy of his career high) in a 122–114 win over the New Orleans Pelicans.[95] In his third game for Golden State on October 30, he had a 37-point outing in a 106–100 win over the Phoenix Suns.[96] On November 3, he matched his career high with seven three-pointers and scored 39 points in a 122–96 win over his former team, the Thunder.[97] With 22 points against the Pelicans on November 7, Durant had at least 20 points for his 71st straight game, matching Kareem Abdul-Jabbar for the fifth-longest streak in NBA history.[98] He increased that streak to 72 games with at least 20 points on November 9 against the Mavericks, tying Michael Jordan for the fourth-longest streak ever.[99] The streak ended the following day when he scored 18 points in a win against the Denver Nuggets.[100]

text: On November 26, he recorded 28 points, 10 rebounds, five assists and a career-high six blocked shots in a 115–102 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. It was the Warriors' first time ever having someone finish with at least 25 points, 10 rebounds, five assists and five blocks.[101] Two days later, he was named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, November 21 through Sunday, November 27. Durant helped Golden State to a 4–0 week behind averages of 24.8 points, 8.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, and 2.75 blocked shots per game.[102] On December 1, he matched his season high with 39 points to go with 13 rebounds, three steals, and three blocks in a 132–127 double overtime loss to the Houston Rockets.[103] On December 28, he had 22 points, matched his season best with 17 rebounds, and added seven assists and five blocks in a 121–111 win over the Toronto Raptors.[104] Two days later, he recorded his eighth career triple-double (his first since joining the Warriors) with 19 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 108–99 win over the Mavericks.[105]

text: On January 18, 2017, he set a new season high with 40 points in a 121–100 win over the Thunder.[106] On February 2, 2017, he was named Co-Western Conference Player of the Month for January alongside teammate Stephen Curry.[107] On February 11, in his first game back in Oklahoma City, Durant scored 34 points while being booed throughout the night, as he helped the Warriors defeat the Thunder for the third time in 2016–17 with a 130–114 win. The Thunder crowd jeered him loudly during pregame warmups, starter introductions, and whenever he touched the ball.[108]

text: On March 1, he was ruled out indefinitely after suffering a Grade 2 MCL sprain and a tibial bone bruise the previous night against the Washington Wizards.[109] On April 8, after missing 19 games with the knee injury, Durant returned to action and had 16 points, 10 rebounds and six assists in a 123–101 win over the Pelicans.[110] The Warriors finished the regular season with a 67–15 record and entered the playoffs as the No. 1 seed. Over the 62 games in which he played, Durant averaged career highs in field goal percentage (.537), rebounds (8.3) and blocks per game (1.6), and a career low in turnovers per game (2.2).[2]

text: Durant's 29 points and 12 rebounds in Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals against the Spurs led to a 129–115 victory that saw the Warriors advance to the NBA Finals for a third straight year while becoming the first team in league history to start the playoffs 12–0.[111] In Game 1 of the 2017 NBA Finals, Durant had 38 points, eight rebounds and eight assists to lead Golden State past LeBron James and the defending champion Cleveland Cavaliers, 113–91.[112] He helped the Warriors go up 3–0 in the series with a 31-point effort in Game 3, including the go-ahead 3-pointer with 45.3 seconds left in the game.[113] In Game 5 of the series, he scored 39 points to go with seven rebounds and five assists in the series-clinching 129–120 win at Oracle Arena to wrap up a 4–1 series win over the Cavaliers. He was the Warriors' top scorer in every game of the Finals, averaging 35.2 points, 8.4 rebounds and 5.4 assists while shooting 55.5 percent from the field, 47.4 percent from three-point range, and 92.7 percent from the free throw line. He was subsequently named the winner of the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award, receiving all 11 votes from the panel of voters for the award.[114][115]

text: 2017–18 season

text: After the NBA Finals, Durant declined his $27.7 million player option for the 2017–18 season and became an unrestricted free agent with the intention of re-signing with the Warriors for less money, helping the franchise create enough salary cap space to keep their core roster intact and add free agents.[116][117] On July 25, 2017, he re-signed with the Warriors.[118]

text: National team career

text: In February 2007, Durant received an invitation to the United States national team training camp.[119][120] Despite a strong performance, he was cut from the team when its roster was trimmed to its twelve-player limit.[121] Coach Mike Krzyzewski cited the experience of the remaining players as the deciding factor in making the cut.[121] Durant was finally selected to the national team at the 2010 FIBA World Championship and became their leader as other All-Stars were unavailable, a role he downplayed.[122] At the tournament, he led Team USA to its first FIBA World Championship since 1994, earning MVP honors in the process.[123] His final averages for the competition were 22.8 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.1 assists, and 1.4 steals per game in nine games.[124]

text: At the 2012 Olympics, Durant set the record for total points scored in an Olympic basketball tournament.[125] With averages of 19.5 points, 5.8 rebounds, 2.6 assists, and 1.6 steals per game, he helped the national team go undefeated en route to a gold medal.[124] In the tournament's final game, he led all scorers with 30 points.[126]

text: Less than a month before the start of the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup, Durant announced that he would be dropping out of the competition, citing mental and physical exhaustion as reasons for his departure.[127] He rejoined Team USA in 2016 for the Olympics, where he led them to a gold medal.[128] In recognition of his performances, Durant was named the 2016 co-USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year, along with Carmelo Anthony, for the second time in his career.[129]

text: Player profile

text: Though Durant's height is officially listed as 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m), he has stated that he actually stands 6 ft 10 3⁄4 in (2.10 m) barefoot and 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) with shoes.[1] He plays mostly at the small forward position,[2] and his career averages are 27.2 points, 7.2 rebounds, and 3.8 assists per game.[2] Durant has earned All-NBA honors seven times (2009–14, 2016–17) and was voted Rookie of the Year in his debut season.[2] He has won an MVP Award and finished second in the voting three times,[130][131][132] a trend he has expressed frustration over.[133]

text: Described as a "scoring prodigy" by John Hollinger,[134] Durant regularly finishes as one of the NBA's points leaders and has won the scoring title four times.[2] A strong outside shooter, he is one of only seven members of the 50–40–90 club, and his 2013 campaign was called "one of the greatest shooting seasons in league history" by Grantland's Zach Lowe.[135] One of the primary reasons for Durant's shooting prowess is his 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m) wingspan, which helps him get his shot off cleanly over most defenders.[136][137] He is also a strong finisher at the rim, converting on 72.2 percent of shots in the paint in 2012.[134] Early in his career, he was criticized for his slim build, defense, and passing.[138] Over time, he grew as a playmaker, increasing his assist numbers every year from 2010 to 2014.[136] He also showed defensive improvement, with opponents averaging just .62 points per isolation play against him in 2014, the best success rate for defensive players who faced at least 100 isolations that season.[139]

text: Off the court

text: Durant describes himself as a "high school kid" and enjoys playing video games in his spare time.[140] He is very close with his mother, Wanda, a relationship that was detailed in the Lifetime movie The Real MVP: The Wanda Pratt Story.[141] A Christian,[142] Durant goes to chapel before every game and has religious tattoos on his stomach,[143] wrist,[142] and back.[144] He owns several properties in the Oklahoma City area and listed his primary residence, located in the affluent Club Villa neighborhood, for sale for $1.95 million in 2013.[145] That same year, he opened a restaurant, KD's Southern Cuisine, in the Bricktown neighborhood and briefly became engaged to Monica Wright, a WNBA player.[146][147][148] In 2016, he was a credentialed photographer for The Players' Tribune at Super Bowl 50.[149][150]

text: Durant was formerly represented by agents Aaron Goodwin and Rob Pelinka.[151][152] He left Pelinka in 2013 and signed with the Roc Nation group, headed by Jay-Z.[152][153] Durant has endorsement deals with Nike, Sprint, Gatorade, Panini, General Electric, and 2K Sports.[154] In 2012, he tried his hand at acting, appearing in the children's film Thunderstruck.[155] In 2013, he earned $35 million, making him the fourth-highest-earning basketball player that year.[156] In an interview with Sports Illustrated, Durant claimed that, despite his high earnings potential, "global marketing and all that stuff" does not interest him.[154]

text: One of the most popular players in the league, Durant's jersey regularly ranks as one of the NBA's best-selling and he is consistently one of the top All-Star vote-getters.[157][158] He has developed a reputation for his kind demeanor; in 2013, Foot Locker released a series of commercials calling him the "nicest guy in the NBA",[159] and he has become a beloved figure in Oklahoma City, known for his "nice escapades" toward the Thunder's staff.[160] In 2014, he partnered with KIND snacks and launched StrongAndKind.com to show "being kind is not a sign of weakness."[161]

text: Throughout his career, Durant has participated in philanthropic causes. In 2013, he pledged $1 million to the American Red Cross for the victims of the 2013 Moore tornado.[162] His generosity inspired the Thunder and Nike to match his donation.[163] He is also a spokesperson for the Washington, D. C. branch of P'Tones Records, a nationwide non-profit after-school music program.[164]

text: In 2017, Durant became involved with YouTube. In February, he visited YouTube's headquarters for a speaking engagement.[165] On April 7, 2017, he created a YouTube account and soon began to upload live stream vlogs onto it.[166][167] In his first vlog, he detailed, "I'm so excited because I got off social media. I got off the Instagram, Twitter, all that stuff, just to distance myself a bit. But somebody talked me into getting on the YouTube."[167] As of April 26, 2017, Durant's YouTube channel has received over 100,000 subscribers and 1 million video views.[166]

text: NBA career statistics

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

text:
†
Denotes season in which Durant won an NBA championship

*
Led the league

text: Regular season

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2007–08
Seattle
80
80
34.6
.430
.288
.873
4.4
2.4
1.0
.9
20.3

2008–09
Oklahoma City
74
74
39.0
.476
.422
.863
6.5
2.8
1.3
.7
25.3

2009–10
Oklahoma City
82
82
39.5
.476
.365
.900
7.6
2.8
1.4
1.0
30.1*

2010–11
Oklahoma City
78
78
38.9
.462
.350
.880
6.8
2.7
1.1
1.0
27.7*

2011–12
Oklahoma City
66
66
38.6
.496
.387
.860
8.0
3.5
1.3
1.2
28.0*

2012–13
Oklahoma City
81
81
38.5
.510
.416
.905*
7.9
4.6
1.4
1.3
28.1

2013–14
Oklahoma City
81
81
38.5
.503
.391
.873
7.4
5.5
1.3
.7
32.0*

2014–15
Oklahoma City
27
27
33.8
.510
.403
.854
6.6
4.1
.9
.9
25.4

2015–16
Oklahoma City
72
72
35.8
.505
.388
.898
8.2
5.0
1.0
1.2
28.2

2016–17†
Golden State
62
62
33.4
.537
.375
.875
8.3
4.9
1.1
1.6
25.1

Career
703
703
37.4
.488
.379
.882
7.2
3.8
1.2
1.0
27.2

All-Star
7
5
26.7
.518
.311
.900
5.6
2.9
1.6
.3
25.6

text: Playoffs

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2010
Oklahoma City
6
6
38.5
.350
.286
.871
7.7
2.3
.5
1.3
25.0

2011
Oklahoma City
17
17
42.5
.449
.339
.838
8.2
2.8
.9
1.1
28.6

2012
Oklahoma City
20
20
41.9
.517
.373
.864
7.4
3.7
1.5
1.2
28.5

2013
Oklahoma City
11
11
44.1
.455
.314
.830
9.0
6.3
1.3
1.1
30.8

2014
Oklahoma City
19
19
42.9
.460
.344
.810
8.9
3.9
1.0
1.3
29.6

2016
Oklahoma City
18
18
40.3
.430
.282
.890
7.1
3.3
1.0
1.0
28.4

2017†
Golden State
15
15
35.5
.556
.442
.893
8.0
4.3
.8
1.3
28.5

Career
106
106
41.0
.468
.344
.853
8.0
3.8
1.0
1.2
28.8

text: Awards and honors

text: NBA

text:
NBA champion: 2017
NBA Finals Most Valuable Player: 2017
NBA Most Valuable Player: 2014
8× NBA All-Star: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
5× All-NBA First Team: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2× All-NBA Second Team: 2016, 2017
4× NBA scoring champion: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014
NBA All-Star Game MVP: 2012
NBA Rookie of the Year: 2008
NBA All-Rookie First Team: 2008
NBA Rookie Challenge MVP: 2009

text: United States National Team

text:
Olympic gold medalist: 2012, 2016
FIBA World Championship gold medalist: 2010
FIBA World Championship Most Valuable Player: 2010

text: College

text:
Naismith College Player of the Year: 2007[168]
NABC Division I Player of the Year: 2007[23]
AP Player of the Year: 2007[169]
AP All-America 1st Team: 2007[170]
Oscar Robertson Trophy: 2007[24]
Adolph Rupp Trophy: 2007[25]
John R. Wooden Award: 2007[171]
Big 12 Player of the Year: 2007
USBWA National Freshman of the Year: 2007


question_text: where was the waterfall scene in indiana jones filmed

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1957, Indiana Jones and his partner George "Mac" McHale are kidnapped by Soviet agents under Colonel Dr. Irina Spalko, who infiltrate a warehouse labeled "Warehouse 51" and force Jones to locate a mummified corpse recovered from a crash site. Upon its discovery, Mac reveals he is a double agent working for the Soviets. Jones escapes and unsuccessfully attempts to retrieve the body. After a fight with Spalko's sadistic henchman, Colonel Antonin Dovchenko, Jones escapes to a model town at the Nevada Test Site minutes before an atomic bomb test, and takes shelter in a lead-lined refrigerator. Jones is rescued, decontaminated, and apprehended by FBI agents, who suspect him of working for the Soviets; though freed on the recommendation of General Ross, who vouches for him, he is put on indefinite leave of absence from Marshall College. His leaving also causes the dean's resignation to keep Indiana's job at the college.

text: Jones is approached by greaser Mutt Williams, who tells him that Harold Oxley had found a crystal skull in Peru, suffered a mental breakdown and was later kidnapped. Jones tells Mutt about the legend of crystal skulls found in Akator. Mutt gives Jones a letter from his mother, who is also held captive, containing a riddle written by Oxley in an ancient South American language. KGB agents attempt to capture them, but Jones and Mutt escape them and reach Peru. At the local psychiatric hospital, Oxley's scribbles on the walls and floor of his cell lead them to the grave of Francisco de Orellana, a Conquistador who searched for Akator. They discover the skull at the grave, with Jones reasoning that Oxley had returned it there.

text: Jones and Mutt are captured by Mac and the Soviets and taken to their camp in the Amazon jungle, where they find Oxley and Mutt's mother, Marion Ravenwood, who reveals that Mutt is Jones's son, Henry Jones III. Spalko believes the crystal skull belongs to an alien life form and holds great psychic power, and that finding more skulls in Akator will grant the Soviets the advantage of psychic warfare. Spalko uses the skull on Jones to enable him to understand Oxley and identify a route to Akator. Jones and his four allies escape with the skull, but Marion and Jones get caught into a dry sandpit, to be recaptured by the Soviets after Oxley accidentally brings them as assistance. On their way to Akator, Mac tells Jones he is a CIA double-agent to regain Jones's trust, and Jones's team fights its way out of the Soviets' clutches, while Dovchenko is devoured by siafu ants. Jones and his allies cause many of the Soviets to fall from a cliff, and they survive three waterfalls in an amphibious vehicle. Jones and Oxley identify a skull-like rock formation that leads them to Akator, unaware that Mac lied about being a CIA agent, is still loyal to Spalko and has been dropping transceivers to allow the surviving Soviets to track them.

text: The adventurers evade the city's guardians, gain access to the temple, and find it filled with artifacts from many ancient civilizations, identifying the aliens as extra-dimensional "archaeologists" studying the different cultures of Earth. They find and enter a chamber containing the crystal skeletons of thirteen alien beings, one missing its skull. Spalko arrives and presents the skull to its skeleton, whereupon the aliens reanimate and telepathically offer a reward in ancient Mayan through Oxley. A portal to their dimension becomes activated, and the other remaining Soviets are drawn into the portal. As Jones, Marion, Mutt, and Oxley–who has regained his sanity–escape, the thirteen beings fuse into one, and in the process of receiving the overwhelming knowledge, Spalko is disintegrated and sucked into the portal. Mac is caught in the vortex while trying to scrounge some of the treasure, and even though Jones offers him his whip to pull him to safety, he willingly lets go and is sucked in. Jones and the others escape and watch as the city crumbles, revealing a flying saucer rising from under the ground and vanishing, while the hollow in the valley floor left by its departure is flooded by the waters of the Amazon.

text: The following year, Jones is reinstated at Marshall College and made an associate dean, and he and Marion are married. Before the wedding party leaves the chapel, a gust of wind blows Indy's brown fedora off the coat rack and deposits it at Mutt's feet. Mutt picks it up and is about to don it before Jones snatches it from his hands and puts it on with a grin.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Harrison Ford as Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones Jr.: To prepare for the role, the 64-year-old Ford spent three hours a day at a gym, practiced with the bullwhip for two weeks,[4] and relied on a high-protein diet of fish and vegetables.[5] Ford had kept fit during the series' hiatus anyway, as he hoped for another film.[6] He performed many of his own stunts because stunt technology had become safer since 1989, and he also felt it improved his performance. It is also said that he still fit into his pants from Raiders of the Lost Ark.[7] He argued, "The appeal of Indiana Jones isn't his youth but his imagination, his resourcefulness. His physicality is a big part of it, especially the way he gets out of tight situations. But it's not all hitting people and falling from high places. My ambition in action is to have the audience look straight in the face of character and not at the back of a capable stuntman's head. I hope to continue that no matter how old I get."[8] Ford felt his return would reduce U.S. ageism (he refused to dye his hair for the role), because of the film's family appeal: "This is a movie which is geared not to [the young] segment of the demographic, an age-defined segment … We've got a great shot at breaking the movie demographic constraints."[7] He told Koepp to add more references to his age in the script.[9] Spielberg said Ford was not too old to play Indiana: "When a guy gets to be that age and he still packs the same punch, and he still runs just as fast and climbs just as high, he's gonna be breathing a little heavier at the end of the set piece. And I felt, 'Let's have some fun with that. Let's not hide that.'"[10] Spielberg recalled the line in Raiders that said, "It's not the years, it's the mileage,"[10] and felt he could not tell the difference between Ford during the shoots for Last Crusade and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.[11]
Cate Blanchett as Colonel Dr. Irina Spalko. Screenwriter David Koepp created the character.[9] Frank Marshall said Spalko continued the tradition of Indiana having a love-hate relationship "with every woman he ever comes in contact with."[12] Blanchett had wanted to play a villain for a "couple of years", and enjoyed being part of the Indiana Jones legacy.[13] Spielberg praised Blanchett as a "master of disguise", and considers her his favorite Indiana Jones villain for inventing much of Spalko's character.[10] Spalko's bob cut was her idea, with the character's stern looks and behaviour recalling Rosa Klebb in From Russia with Love.[14] Blanchett learned to fence for the character; but during filming, Spielberg decided to give Spalko "karate chop" skills.[15] LaBeouf recalled Blanchett was elusive on set, and Ford was surprised when he met her on set out of costume. He noted, "There's no aspect of her behavior that was not consistent with this bizarre person she's playing."[7]
Karen Allen as Marion Ravenwood (under the married name of Marion Williams). Frank Darabont's script introduced the idea of Marion returning as Indiana's love interest.[16] Allen was not aware her character was in the script until Spielberg called her in January 2007, saying, "It's been announced! We're gonna make Indiana Jones 4! And guess what? You're in it!"[17] Ford found Allen "one of the easiest people to work with [he's] ever known. She's a completely self-sufficient woman, and that's part of the character she plays. A lot of her charm and the charm of the character is there. And again, it's not an age-dependent thing. It has to do with her spirit and her nature."[7] Allen found Ford easier to work with on this film, than in Raiders.[18]
Shia LaBeouf as Henry Jones III / Mutt Williams, Indiana's sidekick and son. The concept of Indiana Jones having offspring was introduced in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles; in the episode "Princeton, February 1916", Indy and his high school sweetheart discuss having a child and naming him "Henry Jones III." (This scene was deleted from the VHS and DVD releases.); additionally, in several episodes, an elderly Indy is shown to have a daughter.[19] During the film's development, the latter was incorporated into Frank Darabont's script, with Indiana and Marion having a 13-year-old daughter. Spielberg found this too similar to The Lost World: Jurassic Park,[16] so a son was created instead.[20] Koepp credited the character's creation to Jeff Nathanson and Lucas.[9] Koepp wanted to make Mutt more academic, but Lucas likened Mutt to Marlon Brando's character in The Wild One: "he needs to be what Indiana Jones's father thought of [him]—the curse returns in the form of his own son—he's everything a father can't stand."[16] LaBeouf was Spielberg's first choice for the role, having been impressed by his performance in Holes.[4] Excited at the prospect of being in an Indiana Jones film, LaBeouf agreed without reading the script and did not know what character he would play.[21] He later gained fifteen pounds of muscle for the role,[22] and also repeatedly watched the other films to acquire character.[23] LaBeouf also watched Blackboard Jungle, Rebel Without a Cause, and The Wild One to develop his character's personality,[4] copying mannerisms and words including the use of a switchblade as a weapon.[24] Lucas also consulted on the greaser look, joking that LaBeouf was "sent to the American Graffiti school of greaserland."[10] LaBeouf pulled his rotator cuff when filming Mutt's duel with Spalko; an injury that worsened throughout filming. He later pulled his groin.[25]
Ray Winstone as George "Mac" McHale, a British agent whom Jones worked alongside in World War II, but has now allied with the Soviets to resolve financial problems. The character acts as a spin on Sallah and René Belloq—Jones's friend and nemesis, respectively, in Raiders of the Lost Ark.[26] Spielberg cast Winstone as he found him "one of the most brilliant actors around", having seen Sexy Beast.[15] Winstone tore his hamstring during filming. "I keep getting these action parts as I'm getting older", he remarked.[27] Like John Hurt, Winstone wished to see the script prior to committing to the film. In interviews on British TV[28] Winstone explained that he was only able to read the script if it was delivered by courier, who waited while he read the script, and returned to the U.S. with the script once Winstone had read it. His reasoning for wanting to read the script was, "If I'm gonna be in it, I want to be in it." He gave suggestions to Spielberg, including the idea of Mac pretending to be a double agent.[29] He also stated that once filming was completed he had to return the script, such was the secrecy about the film. He was later presented with a copy of the script to keep.[30]
John Hurt as Harold "Ox" Oxley, Mutt's surrogate father and Indiana's old friend. Frank Darabont had suggested Hurt while writing the screenplay.[31] The character is inspired by Ben Gunn of Treasure Island.[15] Hurt read the script before agreeing to his role, unlike other cast members who came on "because Steven—you know, 'God'—was doing it. And I said, 'Well, I need to have a little bit of previous knowledge even if God is doing it.' So they sent a courier over with the script from Los Angeles, gave it to me at three o'clock in the afternoon in London, collected it again at eight o'clock in the evening, and he returned the next day to Los Angeles."[32]
Jim Broadbent as Charles Stanforth, the dean of Marshall College and friend of Jones. Broadbent's character stands in for Marcus Brody, whose actor, Denholm Elliott, died in 1992.[15] As a tribute to Elliott, the filmmakers put a portrait and a statue on the Marshall College location, and a picture on Jones's desk, saying he died shortly after Indiana's father.
Igor Jijikine as Colonel Antonin Dovchenko, Spalko's second-in-command. His character stands in for the heavily built henchmen that Pat Roach played in the three previous films, as Roach died in 2004 from throat cancer.[15]

text: Joel Stoffer and Neil Flynn have minor roles as FBI agents interrogating Indiana in a scene following the opening sequence. Alan Dale plays General Ross, who protests his innocence. Andrew Divoff and Pasha D. Lychnikoff play Soviet soldiers. Spielberg cast Russian-speaking actors as Soviet soldiers so their accents would be authentic.[11] Dimitri Diatchenko plays Spalko's right-hand man who battles Indiana at Marshall College. Diatchenko bulked up to 250 pounds to look menacing, and his role was originally minor with ten days of filming. When shooting the fight, Ford accidentally hit his chin, and Spielberg liked Diatchenko's humorous looking reaction, so he expanded his role to three months of filming.[33] Ernie Reyes Jr. plays a cemetery guard.

text: Sean Connery turned down an offer to cameo as Henry Jones Sr., as he found retirement too enjoyable.[34] Lucas stated that in hindsight it was good that Connery did not briefly appear, as it would disappoint the audience when his character would not join the film's adventure.[35] Ford joked, "I'm old enough to play my own father in this one."[7] The film addresses Connery's absence by Indiana implying that both Henry, Sr. and Marcus Brody (played by Denholm Elliott in the previous films, who died in 1992) died before the film's events. Connery later stated that he liked the film, describing it as "rather good and rather long."[36] Michael Sheard, who portrayed Adolf Hitler in the third film, expressed interest in appearing in the film, but he died in August 2005.[37]

text: John Rhys-Davies was asked to reprise his role as Sallah as a guest in the wedding scene. He turned it down as he felt his character deserved a more substantial role.[38]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
The second draft's prologue is set in Borneo in 1949, with Indiana proposing to Dr. Elaine McGregor after defeating pirates. She abandons him at the altar, because the government requests her aid in decoding an alien cylinder (covered in Egyptian, Mayan and Sanskrit symbols) in New Mexico. Indiana pursues her, and battles Russians agents and aliens for the cylinder. The script featured army ants, a rocket sled fight, Indiana surviving an atomic explosion by sealing himself in a fridge, and a climactic battle between the U.S. military and flying saucers. Henry Jones Sr., Short Round, Sallah, Marion Ravenwood and Willie cameo at Indiana and Elaine's wedding(s). Indiana is also a former colonel and was assigned to the O.S.S. during World War II.

--Indiana Jones and the Saucer Men from Mars script by Jeb Stuart, dated February 20, 1995[39]

tag: div

text: During the late 1970s, George Lucas and Steven Spielberg made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films.[40] Following the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment, and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles for TV, which explored the character in his early years.[16] Harrison Ford played Indiana in one episode, narrating his adventures in 1920 Chicago. When Lucas shot Ford's role in December 1992, he realized the scene opened up the possibility of a film with an older Indiana set in the 1950s. The film could reflect a science fiction 1950s B-movie, with aliens as the plot device.[16] Meanwhile, Spielberg believed he was going to "mature" as a filmmaker after making the trilogy, and felt he would just produce any future installments.[20]

text: Ford disliked the new angle, telling Lucas, "No way am I being in a Steven Spielberg movie like that."[17] Spielberg himself, who depicted aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, resisted it. Lucas came up with a story, which Jeb Stuart turned into a script from October 1993 to May 1994.[16] (Stuart had previously written The Fugitive, which starred Ford.) Lucas wanted Indiana to get married, which would allow Henry Jones, Sr. to return, expressing concern over whether his son is happy with what he has accomplished. After he learned that Joseph Stalin was interested in psychic warfare, he decided to have Soviets as the villains and the aliens to have psychic powers.[41] Following Stuart's next draft, Lucas hired Last Crusade writer Jeffrey Boam to write the next three versions, the last of which was completed in March 1996. Three months later, Independence Day was released, and Spielberg told Lucas he would not make another alien invasion film. Lucas decided to focus on the Star Wars prequels.[16]

text: In 2000, Spielberg's son asked when the next Indiana Jones film would be released, which made him interested in reviving the project.[42] The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period, such as A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Minority Report, and Munich.[18] Lucas convinced Spielberg to use aliens in the plot by saying they were not "extraterrestrials", but "interdimensional", with this concept taking inspiration in the superstring theory.[20] Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using the crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found those artifacts as fascinating as the Ark of the Covenant,[43] and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation.[16] M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot,[42] but he was overwhelmed writing a sequel to a film he loved like Raiders of the Lost Ark, and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg and Lucas to focus.[44] Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached.[42]

text: Frank Darabont, who wrote various Young Indiana Jones episodes, was hired to write in May 2002.[45] His script, entitled Indiana Jones and the City of Gods,[16] was set in the 1950s, with ex-Nazis pursuing Jones.[46] Spielberg conceived the idea because of real life figures such as Juan Perón in Argentina, who protected Nazi war criminals.[16] Darabont claimed Spielberg loved the script, but Lucas had issues with it, and decided to take over writing himself.[16] Lucas and Spielberg acknowledged the 1950s setting could not ignore the Cold War, and the Soviets were more plausible villains. Spielberg decided he could not satirize the Nazis after directing Schindler's List,[10] while Ford noted, "We plum[b] wore the Nazis out."[17]

text: Jeff Nathanson met with Spielberg and Lucas in August 2004, and turned in the next drafts in October and November 2005, titled The Atomic Ants. David Koepp continued on from there, giving his script the subtitle Destroyer of Worlds,[16] based on the J. Robert Oppenheimer quote. It was changed to Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, as Spielberg found it more inviting a title and actually named the plot device of the crystal skulls. Lucas insisted on the Kingdom part.[47] Koepp's "bright [title] idea" was Indiana Jones and the Son of Indiana Jones, and Spielberg had also considered having the title name the aliens as The Mysterians, but dropped that when he remembered that was another film's title.[20] Koepp collaborated with Raiders of the Lost Ark screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan on the film's "love dialogue."[9]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Unlike the previous Indiana Jones films, Spielberg shot the entire film in the United States, stating he did not want to be away from his family.[48] Shooting began on June 18, 2007, in Deming, New Mexico.[23][49] An extensive chase scene set at the fictional Marshall College was filmed between June 28 and July 7 at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut (where Spielberg's son Theo was studying).[49][50][51] To keep in line with the fact the story takes place in the 1950s, several facades were changed, although signs were put up in between shots to tell the public what the store or restaurant actually was.

text: Afterwards, they filmed scenes set in the Amazon jungle in Hilo, Hawaii until August.[51] Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull was the biggest film shot in Hawaii since Waterworld, and was estimated to generate US$22 million to $45 million in the local economy.[52] Because of an approaching hurricane, Spielberg was unable to shoot a fight at a waterfall, so he sent the second unit to film shots of Brazil's and Argentina's Iguazu Falls. These were digitally combined into the fight, which was shot at the Universal backlot.[51]

text: Half the film was scheduled to shoot on five sound stages at Los Angeles:[53] Downey, Sony, Warner Bros., Paramount and Universal.[32] Filming moved to Chandler Field in Fresno, California, substituting for Mexico City International Airport, on October 11, 2007.[54] After shooting aerial shots of Chandler Airport and a DC-3 on the morning of October 12, 2007, filming wrapped.[55][56] Although he originally found no need for re-shoots after viewing his first cut of the film,[46] Spielberg decided to add an establishing shot filmed on February 29, 2008, in Pasadena, California.[57]

text: Design[edit]

text: Spielberg and Janusz Kamiński, who has shot all of the director's films since 1993's Schindler's List, reviewed the previous films to study Douglas Slocombe's style. "I didn't want Janusz to modernize and bring us into the 21st century", Spielberg explained. "I still wanted the film to have a lighting style not dissimilar to the work Doug Slocombe had achieved, which meant that both Janusz and I had to swallow our pride. Janusz had to approximate another cinematographer's look, and I had to approximate this younger director's look that I thought I had moved away from after almost two decades."[43] Spielberg also hired production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas after admiring his design work for Superman Returns. Spielberg did not want to fast cut action scenes, relying on his script instead for a fast pace,[43] and had confirmed in 2002 that he would not shoot the film digitally, a format Lucas had adopted.[58] Lucas felt "it looks like it was shot three years after Last Crusade. The people, the look of it, everything. You'd never know there was 20 years between shooting."[48] Kamiński commented upon watching the three films back-to-back, he was amazed how each of them advanced technologically, but were all nevertheless consistent, neither too brightly or darkly lit.[4]

text: While shooting War of the Worlds in late 2004, Spielberg met with stunt coordinator Vic Armstrong, who doubled for Ford in the previous films, to discuss three action sequences he had envisioned.[59] However, Armstrong was filming The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor during shooting of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, so Dan Bradley was hired instead.[60] Bradley and Spielberg used previsualization for all the action scenes, except the motorcycle chase at Marshall College, because that idea was conceived after the animators had left. Bradley drew traditional storyboards instead, and was given free rein to create dramatic moments, just as Raiders of the Lost Ark second unit director Michael D. Moore did when filming the truck chase.[14] Spielberg improvised on set, changing the location of Mutt and Spalko's duel from the ground to on top of vehicles.[4]

text: The Ark of the Covenant is seen in a broken crate during the Hangar 51 opening sequence. Lucasfilm used the same prop from Raiders of the Lost Ark. Guards were hired to protect the highly sought-after piece of film memorabilia during the day of its use. A replica of the staff carried by Charlton Heston in The Ten Commandments was also used to populate the set to illustrate the Hangar's history.[47]

text: Effects[edit]

text: Producer Frank Marshall stated in 2003 that the film would use traditional stunt work so as to be consistent with the previous films.[61] CGI was used to remove the visible safety wires on the actors when they did their stunts (such as when Indy swings on a lamp with his whip).[14] Timed explosives were used for a scene where Indiana drives a truck through crates. During the take, an explosive failed to detonate and landed in the seat beside Ford. It did not go off and he was not injured.[62]

text: Spielberg stated before production began that very few CGI effects would be used to maintain consistency with the other films. During filming significantly more CGI work was done than initially anticipated as in many cases it proved to be more practical. There ended up being a total of about 450 CGI shots in the film, with an estimated 30 percent of the film's shots containing CG matte paintings.[56] Spielberg initially wanted brushstrokes to be visible on the paintings for added consistency with the previous films, but decided against it.[17] The script also required a non-deforested jungle for a chase scene, but this would have been unsafe and much CGI work was done to create the jungle action sequence. Visual effects supervisor Pablo Helman (who worked on Lucas' Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones as well as Spielberg's War of the Worlds and Munich) traveled to Brazil and Argentina to photograph elements that were composited into the final images. Industrial Light and Magic then effectively created a virtual jungle with a geography like the real Amazon.[63]

text: The appearance of a live alien and flying saucer was in flux. Spielberg wanted the alien to resemble a Grey alien, and also rejected early versions of the saucer that looked "too Close Encounters". Art director Christian Alzmann said the aesthetic was "looking at a lot of older B-movie designs—but trying to make that look more real and gritty to fit in with the Indy universe." Other reference for the visual effects work included government tapes of nuclear tests, and video reference of real prairie dogs shot in 1080p by Nathan Edward Denning.[64]

text: Music[edit]

text: John Williams began composing the score in October 2007;[65] ten days of recording sessions wrapped on March 6, 2008, at Sony Pictures Studios.[66] Williams described composing for the Indiana Jones universe again as "like sitting down and finishing a letter that you started 25 years ago". He reused Indiana's theme (The Raiders March) and also Marion's from Raiders of the Lost Ark, and also composed five new motifs for Mutt, Spalko and the skull. Williams gave Mutt's a swashbuckling feel, and homaged film noir and 1950s B-movies for Spalko and the crystal skull respectively. As an in-joke, Williams incorporated a measure and a half of Johannes Brahms' "Academic Festival Overture" when Indiana and Mutt crash into the library.[67] The soundtrack features a Continuum, an instrument often used for sound effects instead of music.[68] The Concord Music Group released the soundtrack on May 20, 2008.[69]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2008, a couple of days ahead of its worldwide May 21–23 release. It was the first Spielberg film since 1982's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to premiere at Cannes.[70] The film was released in approximately 4,000 theaters in the United States, and dubbed into 25 languages for its worldwide release.[43] More than 12,000 release prints were distributed, which is the largest in Paramount Pictures' history.[71] Although Spielberg insisted his films only be watched traditionally at theaters, Paramount chose to release the film in digital cinemas as part of a scheme to convert 10,000 U.S. cinemas to the format.[72] The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is also notable for being the last film in the series to be distributed by Paramount, as Walt Disney Studios will release the upcoming fifth film, since its parent company's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012.

text: Secrecy[edit]

text: Frank Marshall remarked, "In today's information age, secrecy has been a real challenge. … People actually said, 'No, we're going to respect Steven's vision.'" Prior to release, moviegoers on the Internet scrutinized numerous photos and the film's promotional Lego sets in hope of understanding plot details; Spielberg biographer Ian Freer wrote, "What Indy IV is actually about has been the great cultural guessing game of 2007/08. Yet, it has to be said, there is something refreshing about being ten weeks away from a giant blockbuster and knowing next to nothing about it."[14] To distract investigative fans from the film's title during filming,[73] five fake titles were registered with the Motion Picture Association of America; The City of Gods, The Destroyer of Worlds, The Fourth Corner of the Earth, The Lost City of Gold and The Quest for the Covenant.[74] Lucas and Spielberg had also wanted to keep Karen Allen's return a secret until the film's release, but decided to confirm it at the 2007 Comic-Con.[75]

text: An extra in the film, Tyler Nelson, violated his nondisclosure agreement in an interview with The Edmond Sun on September 17, 2007, which was then picked up by the mainstream media. It is unknown if he remained in the final cut.[76] At Nelson's request, The Edmond Sun subsequently pulled the story from its website.[77] On October 2, 2007, a Superior Court order was filed finding that Nelson knowingly violated the agreement. The terms of the settlement were not disclosed.[78] A number of production photos and sensitive documents pertaining to the film's production budget were also stolen from Spielberg's production office. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department set up a sting operation after being alerted by a webmaster that the thief might try to sell the photos. On October 4, 2007, the seller, 37-year-old Roderick Eric Davis, was arrested. He pleaded guilty to two felony counts and was sentenced to two years and four months in prison.[14][79][80]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Howard Roffman, President of Lucas Licensing, attributed the film's large marketing campaign to it having been "nineteen years since the last film, and we are sensing a huge pent-up demand for everything Indy".[81] Marketing relied heavily on the public's nostalgia for the series, with products taking inspiration from all four films. Paramount spent at least $150 million to promote the film,[82] whereas most film promotions range from $70 to 100 million. As well as fans, the film also needed to appeal to younger viewers.[83] Licensing deals include Expedia, Dr Pepper, Burger King, M&M's, and Lunchables.[83] Paramount sponsored an Indiana Jones open wheel car for Marco Andretti in the 2008 Indianapolis 500, and his racing suit was designed to resemble Indiana Jones's outfit.[84] The distributor also paired with M&M's to sponsor the #18 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, with NASCAR driver Kyle Busch behind the wheel, in the 2008 Dodge Challenger 500 at Darlington Raceway.[85] Kyle Busch and the #18 team won the race and visited victory lane with Indiana Jones on the car.[86] With the film's release, producer Frank Marshall and UNESCO worked together to promote conservation of World Heritage Sites around the world.[87][88] Disneyland hosted "Indiana Jones Summer of Hidden Mysteries" to promote the film's release.[89]

text: The Boston-based design studio Creative Pilot created the packaging style for the film's merchandise, which merged Drew Struzan's original illustrations "with a fresh new look, which showcases the whip, a map and exotic hieroglyphic patterns".[90] Hasbro, Lego, Sideshow Collectibles, Topps, Diamond Select, Hallmark Cards,[91] and Cartamundi all sold products.[92] A THQ mobile game based on the film was released,[93] as was a Lego video game based on the past films.[94][95] Lego also released a series of computer-animated spoofs, Lego Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Brick, directed by Peder Pedersen.[96] Stern Pinball released a new Indiana Jones pinball machine, designed by John Borg, based on all four films.[97] From October 2007 to April 2008, the re-edited episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles were released in three DVD box sets.[98]

text: Random House, Dark Horse Comics, Diamond Comic Distributors, Scholastic, and DK published books,[81] including James Rollins' novelization of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,[99] a two-issue comic book adaptation written by John Jackson Miller and drawn by Luke Ross (Samurai: Heaven and Earth), children's novelizations of all four films,[100] the Indiana Jones Adventures comic book series aimed at children,[101] and the official Indiana Jones Magazine.[102] Scholastic featured Indiana and Mutt on the covers of Scholastic News and Scholastic Maths, to the concern of parents, though Jack Silbert, editor of the latter, felt the film would interest children in archaeology.[83]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD in North America on October 14, 2008[103] and in the U.K. on November 10.[104] This release includes a two-disc edition Blu-ray, a two-disc special-edition DVD, and a one-disc edition DVD.[103] The film made its worldwide television premiere on USA on December 9, 2010.[citation needed] On September 18, 2012, it was re-released on Blu-ray as part of Indiana Jones: The Complete Adventures.[105]

text: Several collectible editions have also been released. For example: Best Buy's gift set includes a replica crystal skull from Sideshow Collectibles and a $25 gift card to Sideshowcollectibles.com; Kmart's giveaway of four mini-posters comprises Lego replicas of the original Indiana Jones theatrical posters; and Target's DVD package includes an 80-page hardcover book of behind-the-scenes photographs.[106]

text: As of October 16, 2013, the film has made $117,239,631 in revenue.[107]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: The director of the Institute of Archaeology of Belize, Dr. Jaime Awe, sued Lucasfilm, Disney and Paramount Pictures on behalf of the country Belize for using the Mitchell-Hedges skull's "likeness" in the film.[108]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text:
Box office revenue
Box office ranking
Reference

Domestic
Foreign
Worldwide
All time domestic
All time worldwide

$317,101,119
$469,534,914
$786,636,033
#46
#58
[2]

text: Indiana Jones is distributed by one entity, Paramount, but owned by another, Lucasfilm. The pre-production arrangement between the two organizations granted Paramount 12.5% of the film's revenue. As the $185 million budget was larger than the original $125 million estimate,[74] Lucas, Spielberg and Ford turned down large upfront salaries so Paramount could cover the film's costs. In order for Paramount to see a profit beyond its distribution fee, the film had to make over $400 million. At that point, Lucas, Spielberg, Ford, and those with smaller profit-sharing deals would also begin to collect their cut.[82]

text: The film was released on Thursday, May 22, 2008 in North America and grossed $25 million its opening day.[109] In its opening weekend, the film grossed an estimated $101 million in 4,260 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #1 at the box office,[110] and making it the third-widest opening of all time.[111] Within its first five days of release, it grossed $311 million worldwide. The film's total $151 million gross in the U.S. ranked it as the second-biggest Memorial Day weekend release, behind Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End.[112] It was the third-most successful film of 2008 domestically, behind The Dark Knight and Iron Man, respectively,[113] and the year's second-highest-grossing film internationally, behind The Dark Knight.[114] In February 2010, it was the 25th-highest-grossing film of all time domestically, and 44th-highest-grossing worldwide, as well as the most financially successful Indiana Jones film when not adjusted for inflation of ticket prices.[115][116]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull received strongly polarized but mostly positive reviews; as a result, it has been nominated both for numerous "best of" and "worst of" awards. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 77% based on 264 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9 out 10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Though the plot elements are certainly familiar, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull still delivers the thrills and Harrison Ford's return in the title role is more than welcome."[117] Another aggregator, Metacritic, gives the film a weighted average rating of 65 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[118] Surveys conducted by CinemaScore indicated a general "B" rating from audiences, on an A+ to F scale, down from the previous film's "A"[119]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, the same rating he gave The Last Crusade, finding it "same old, same old", but what "I want it to be."[120] Leonard Maltin also gave the film 3½ stars out of 4, more than he gave Temple of Doom and Last Crusade, and wrote that "Indy returns with the same brand of high adventure that marked the original Raiders of the Lost Ark."[121] Empire's Damon Wise criticized the use of CG but praised Ford's performance and wrote that "It won't change your life but, if you're in the right frame of mind, it will change your mood: you might wince, you might groan, you might beg to differ on the big, silly climax, but you'll never stop smiling."[122]

text: James Berardinelli gave the film 2 stars out of 4, calling it "the most lifeless of the series" and "simply [not] a very good motion picture."[123] Margaret Pomeranz of At the Movies gave the film 2½ stars out of 5, saying that the filmmakers "had 19 years since the last Indiana Jones movie to come up with something truly exciting and fresh, but I feel there's a certain laziness and cynicism in this latest adventure."[124] Associated Press reported that J. Sperling Reich, writing for FilmStew.com, said: "It really looked like they were going through the motions. It really looked like no one had their heart in it."[125] USA Today stated reviews were "mixed" and reviewers felt the "movie suffers from predictable plot points and cheesy special effects."[126]

text: The film was nominated for Best Action Movie at the 2009 Critics' Choice Awards.[127] The Visual Effects Society nominated it for Best Single Visual Effect of the Year (the valley destruction), Best Outstanding Matte Paintings, Best Models and Miniatures, and Best Created Environment in a Feature Motion Picture (the inside of the temple).[128] The film ranks 453rd on Empire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[129][not in citation given] It was nominated at the Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Best Costumes and Best Special Effects. It won Best Costumes.[130] At the 51st Grammy Awards, John Williams won an award for the Mutt Williams theme.[131]

text: In 2009, the film won the Razzie Award for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel.[132][133] Comcast voted it the 11th-worst film sequel of all time.[134] Paste magazine ranked the movie 10th on its list "The 20 Worst Sequels to Good Movies".[135] Listverse.com ranked the film 8th on its list of the "Top 10 Worst Movie Sequels".[136]

text: International reaction[edit]

text: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation called for a ban on the film, accusing the production team of "demonizing" the Soviet Union.[137] A party official said: "In 1957 the USSR was not sending terrorists to America but sending the Sputnik satellite into space!"[138] Spielberg responded: "When we decided the fourth installment would take place in 1957, we had no choice but to make the Russians the enemies. World War II had just ended and the Cold War had begun. The U.S. didn't have any other enemies at the time."[139] The film's depiction of Peru also received criticism from the Peruvian and Spanish-speaking public.[140][141]

text: Fan reception and legacy[edit]

text: According to Associated Press, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull received a "respectful" but "far from glowing" reception from Indiana Jones fans, and that "some viewers at its first press screening loved it, some called it slick and enjoyable though formulaic, some said it was not worth the 19-year wait."[125] South Park parodied the film in the episode "The China Probrem", broadcast five months after the film's release. The episode parodied the negative fan reaction, with the characters filing a police report against Lucas and Spielberg for "raping Indiana Jones".[142]

text: Some disappointed Indiana Jones fans used the term "nuking the fridge", a reference to the scene in which Jones survives a nuclear blast by hiding in a refrigerator, to denote the point when a franchise crosses into the absurd, similar to "jumping the shark". This phrase has appeared across the internet,[143] and was chosen as #5 on Time magazine's list of "top ten buzzwords" of 2008.[144] Asked about the scene and phrase, Spielberg said: "Blame me. Don't blame George. That was my silly idea … I'm proud of that. I'm glad I was able to bring that into popular culture."[145] Lucas denied this, saying Spielberg was "protecting him". According to Lucas, he had assembled a dossier of research data to convince Spielberg; Lucas stated that his research claimed the odds of surviving in the refrigerator are about "50-50."[146]

text: The mixed fanbase reaction did not surprise Lucas, who was familiar with mixed response to the Star Wars prequels, and predicted that "we're all going to get people throwing tomatoes at us."[147] David Koepp said: "I knew I was going to get hammered from a number of quarters [but] what I liked about the way the movie ended up playing was it was popular with families. I like that families really embraced it."[148] Although Spielberg said "I'm very happy with the movie. I always have been", he also said "I sympathize with people who didn't like the MacGuffin [the interdimensional beings] because I never liked the MacGuffin."[145]

text: At the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, LaBeouf told Los Angeles Times he had "dropped the ball on the legacy that people loved and cherished" and felt that "the movie could have been updated … we just misinterpreted what we were trying to satiate."[149] In 2011, in response to LaBeouf's comments, Harrison Ford said: "I think I told [LaBeouf] he was a f***ing idiot … As an actor, I think it's my obligation to support the film without making a complete ass of myself. Shia is ambitious, attentive and talented—and he's learning how to deal with a situation which is very unique and difficult."[150] LaBeouf said he regretted his comments and their effect on his relationship with Spielberg: "He told me there's a time to be a human being and have an opinion, and there's a time to sell cars. It brought me freedom, but it also killed my spirits because this was a dude I looked up to like a sensei."[151]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On March 15, 2016, Walt Disney Studios announced that Spielberg and Ford are both set to return for a fifth Indiana Jones film, previously scheduled for release in 2019.[152] Lucas will return as executive producer,[153] while Kennedy and Marshall will serve as producers and Koepp as screenwriter.[154] Williams will also return to compose the score.[155]

text: On April 24, 2017, Disney shifted the release date of the untitled Indiana Jones sequel from July 19, 2019 to July 10, 2020.[156] Spielberg confirmed that filming would begin in April 2019 in the United Kingdom.[157] In late 2017, David Koepp revealed that Shia Lebeouf's character Mutt Williams will not return.[158]


document_title: List of most expensive U.S. public works projects

question_text: what was the largest single public works project in the history of america

text: Below is a list of so-called megaprojects that are among the most expensive in U.S. history.

text: Highways[edit]

text: The following list includes projects to build new highways or improve existing ones, including roadways, bridges, and tunnels. It includes only projects that are underway or completed. Additionally, projects with multiple independent segments (e.g., I-69 Indiana-Texas Extension, Trans-Texas Corridor) are not included, though individual segments may or may not make the list. Costs shown below exclude financing costs.

text:
Date
Price (nominal)
Reference Year
Price (ref. year)
Price (2016$)
Project

1992–2006
$14.6 billion[1][2]
1982
$8.08 billion
$20.1 billion
Big Dig, Boston, Massachusetts

2002–2013
$6.416 billion (est.)[3]

San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge East Span Replacement, San Francisco/Oakland, California

1988–2002
$5.0 billion [4]

Mon–Fayette Expressway, southwest Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia

2005–2020 (est.)
$4.1 billion (est.)[5]

Ohio River Bridges Project, Louisville, Kentucky, and southern Indiana

2001–2007
$3.6 billion[6]

Central Texas Turnpike, area around Austin, Texas

2007–2011
$2.57 billion[7]

Intercounty Connector, Montgomery County, Maryland

1999–2008
$2.5 billion[8]

Woodrow Wilson Bridge Replacement, Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, and southern Maryland

2015–2021
$2.3 billion[9] (est.)

I-4 Ultimate corridor reconstruction, Orlando, Florida

2012–2015
$4.25 billion

Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel, Seattle, Washington

2008–2018
$1.8 billion[10] (est.)

Interstate 69 Extension SIU #3, Evansville to Indianapolis, Indiana

2013–2021
$1.6 billion[11] (est.)

Wekiva Parkway, Orlando, Florida

2001–2016
$1.4 billion[12] (est.)

I-95 New Haven Harbor Corridor Reconstruction, New Haven, Connecticut

1991–2003
$1.2 billion[13]

E-470, Denver, Colorado

1933–2007
$37 million
1937
$37 million
$616 million
Golden Gate Bridge

2015–2028
$67.6 billion (est.)
2013
$54.9 billion
$56.4 billion (est.)
California High-Speed Rail, Phase 1, California

1863–1869
$124,548,691[14]
1873
$124,548,691
$2.49 billion
First Transcontinental Railroad

1956–2017
$425 billion
2006
$425 billion
$505 billion
Interstate Highway System

2003–2008
$1.5 billion
2001
$2.8 billion (2008)[15][16]
$3.1 billion
I-10 Katy Freeway Expansion (Interstate 10 in Texas)

1959–1964
$320 million
1964

$2.44 billion
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge