document_title: Constitution of India

question_text: how many words in indian constitution in hindi version

text: Constitution of India

text: Background

text: Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. The constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act, 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950.[12]

text: Previous legislation

text: The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions, its framers borrowed features of previous legislation such as the Government of India Act 1858, the Indian Councils Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909, the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act 1947. The latter, which led to the creation of India and Pakistan, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states.[13]

text: Constituent Assembly

text: The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by elected members of the provincial assemblies.[14] The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took almost three years to draft the constitution holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period.[2][13]

text: Membership

text: B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the assembly,[2][13] which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community,[2] and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi.[2] Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians.[2] Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community.[2] Judges, such as  Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly.[2] Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.[2]

text: The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sachchidananda Sinha; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president.[13][14] It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.[2][14][15]

text: Drafting

text: Benegal Narsing Rau, a civil servant who became the first Indian judge in the International Court of Justice and was president of the United Nations Security Council, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in 1946.[16] Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948.[16][17][18]

text: At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed.[14] Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with B. R. Ambedkar as chair.[2][15] A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947.[15]

text: While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635.[13][19] Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days.[2][13] On 26 November 1949 it adopted the constitution,[2][13][15][18][20] which was signed by 284 members.[2][13][15][18][20] The day is celebrated as National Law Day,[2][21] or Constitution Day.[2][22]

text: The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member signed two copies of the constitution, one in Hindi and the other in English.[2][13][18] The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.[15][18] Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada.[15] The constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey of India. Production of the original constitution took nearly five years. Two days later, on 26 January 1950, it became the law of India.[15][23] The estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore (₹63 million).[13] The constitution has had a number of amendments since it was enacted.[24] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi.[15]

text: Influence of other constitutions

text:
United Kingdom
Parliamentary government[2]
Concept of single citizenship[2]
Rule of law
The legislative speaker and their role
Legislative procedure

text:
United States[25]
Bill of Rights[2][15]
Federal structure of government[2]
Electoral College
Independent judiciary and separation of powers
Judicial review
President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
Equal protection under law

text:
Ireland
Directive principles of state policy[15]

text:
Australia
Freedom of trade between states[13]
National legislative power to implement treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction
Concurrent List[26]
Preamble terminology

text:
France
Ideals of liberté, égalité, fraternité[2][15]

text:
Canada
Quasi-federal government — a federal system with a strong central government[13]
Distribution of powers between the central and state governments[2][13]
Residual powers, retained by the central government[citation needed]

text:
Soviet Union
Fundamental Duties under article 51-A[2]
Mandated planning commission to oversee economic development[2]

text:
Other constitutions
The emergency provision under article 356 (from the Weimar Constitution)[15]
Amending the constitution (from South Africa)
Due process (from Japan)

text: Structure

text: The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation.[b][2][3][4] At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.[13] At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution – after the Constitution of Alabama – in the world.[27][28]

text: The constitution has a preamble and 448 articles,[c][15] which are grouped into 25 parts.[d][15] With 12 schedules[e][15] and five appendices,[15][29] it has been amended 101 times; the latest amendment became effective on 1 July 2017.[30]

text: Parts

text: The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:

text:
Preamble,[31] with the words "socialist" and "secular", and 'integrity' added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment[32][33]
Part I[34] – States and union territories
Part II[35] – Citizenship
Part III – Fundamental Rights
Part IV[36] – Directive Principles of State Policy
Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
Part V[37] – The union
Part VI[38] – The states
Part VII[39] – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed)
Part VIII[40] – Union territories
Part IX[41] – Panchayats
Part IXA[42] – Municipalities
Part IXB – Co-operative societies[43]
Part X – Scheduled and tribal areas
Part XI – Relations between the union and the states
Part XII – Finance, property, contracts and suits
Part XIII – Trade and commerce within India
Part XIV – Services under the union and states
 Part XIVA – Tribunals
Part XV – Elections
Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes
Part XVII – Languages
Part XVIII – Emergency provisions
Part XIX – Miscellaneous
Part XX – Amending the constitution
Part XXI – Temporary, transitional and special provisions
Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals

text: Schedules

text: Schedules are lists in the constitution which categorise and tabulate bureaucratic activity and government policy.

text:
First Schedule (Articles 1 and 4) – Lists India's states and territories, changes in their borders and the laws used to make that change.
Second Schedule (Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221) –  Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the Comptroller and Auditor General.
Third Schedule (Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219) – Forms of oaths – Lists the oaths of office for elected officials and judges.
Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) – Details the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (upper house of Parliament) by state or union territory.
Fifth Schedule (Article 244(1)) – Provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas[f] and Scheduled Tribes[g] (areas and tribes requiring special protection).
Sixth Schedule (Articles 244(2) and 275(1)) – Provisions made for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule (Article 246) — Central government, state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Eighth Schedule (Articles 344(1) and 351) – Official languages
Ninth Schedule (Article 31-B) – Validation of certain acts and regulations[h]
Tenth Schedule (Articles 102(2) and 191(2)) – Anti-defection provisions for members of Parliament and state legislatures.
Eleventh Schedule (Article 243-G) —Panchayat Raj (rural local government)
Twelfth Schedule (Article 243-W) — Municipalities (urban local government)

text: Appendices

text:
Appendix I – The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954
Appendix II – Re-statement, referring to the constitution's present text, of exceptions and modifications applicable to the state of Jammu and Kashmir
Appendix III – Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
Appendix IV – The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
Appendix V – The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003

text: Constitution and government

text: The executive, legislative and judicial branches of government receive their power from the constitution and are bound by it.[44] With the aid of its constitution, India is governed by a parliamentary system of government with the executive directly accountable to the legislature. The President of India is head of the executive branch, under Articles 52 and 53, with the duty of preserving, protecting and defending the constitution and the law under Article 60. Article 74 provides for a Prime Minister as head of the Council of Ministers, which aids and advises the president in the performance of their constitutional duties. The council is answerable to the lower house under Article 75(3).

text: The constitution is considered federal in nature, and unitary in spirit. It has features of a federation (a codified, supreme constitution, a three-tier governmental structure [central, state and local], division of powers, bicameralism and an independent judiciary) and unitary features such as a single constitution, single citizenship, an integrated judiciary, a flexible constitution, a strong central government, appointment of state governors by the central government, All India Services (the IAS, IFS and IPS) and emergency provisions. This unique combination makes it quasi-federal in form.[45]

text: Each state and union territory has its own government. Analogous to the president and prime minister, each has a governor or (in union territories) a lieutenant governor and a chief minister. Article 356 permits the president to dismiss a state government and assume direct authority if a situation arises in which state government cannot be conducted in accordance with constitution. This power, known as president's rule, was abused as state governments came to be dismissed on flimsy grounds for political reasons. After the S. R. Bommai v. Union of India  decision,[46][47] such a course of action is more difficult since the courts have asserted their right of review.[48]

text: The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts introduced the system of panchayati raj in rural areas and Nagar Palikas in urban areas.[15] Article 370 gives special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

text: Constitution and legislature

text: Amendments

text: Amendments are additions, variations or repeal of any part of the constitution by Parliament.[49] The procedure is detailed in Article 368. An amendment bill must be passed by each house of Parliament by a with a two-thirds majority of its total membership when at least two-thirds are present and vote. Certain amendments pertaining to the constitution's federal nature must also be ratified by a majority of state legislatures. Unlike ordinary bills in accordance with Article 245 (except for money bills), there is no provision for a joint session of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to pass a constitutional amendment. During a parliamentary recess, the president cannot promulgate ordinances under his legislative powers under Article 123, Chapter III. Deemed amendments to the constitution which can be passed under the legislative powers of parliament were invalidated by Article 368(1) in the Twenty-fourth Amendment.[49]

text: By July 2018, 124 amendment bills had been presented in Parliament; of these, 101 became Amendment Acts.[50] Despite the supermajority requirement for amendments to pass, the Indian constitution is the world's most frequently-amended national governing document.[51] The constitution is so specific in spelling out government powers that many amendments address issues dealt with by statute in other democracies.

text: In 2000, the Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission was formed to examine a constitutional update.[52] The government of India establishes term-based law commissions to recommend legal reforms, facilitating the rule of law.

text: Limitations

text: In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the Supreme Court ruled that an amendment cannot destroy what it seeks to modify; it cannot tinker with the constitution's basic structure or framework, which are immutable. Such an amendment will be declared invalid, although no part of the constitution is protected from amendment; the basic structure doctrine does not protect any one provision of the constitution. According to the doctrine, the constitution's basic features (when "read as a whole") cannot be abridged or abolished. These "basic features" have not been fully defined,[44] and whether a particular provision of the constitution is a "basic feature" is decided by the courts.[53]

text: The Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala decision laid down the constitution's basic structure:[54]

text:
Supremacy of the constitution
Republican, democratic form of government
Its secular nature
Separation of powers
Its federal character[54]

tag: ol

text: This implies that Parliament can only amend the constitution to the limit of its basic structure. The Supreme Court or a high court may declare the amendment null and void if this is violated, after a judicial review. This is typical of parliamentary governments, where the judiciary checks parliamentary power.

text: In its 1967 Golak Nath v. State of Punjab decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Punjab could not restrict any fundamental rights protected by the basic structure doctrine.[55] The extent of land ownership and practice of a profession, in this case, were considered fundamental rights.[56] The ruling was overturned with the ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1971.[56]

text: Constitution and judiciary

text: The judiciary is the final arbiter of the constitution.[57] Its duty (mandated by the constitution) is to act as a watchdog, preventing any legislative or executive act from overstepping constitutional bounds.[58] The judiciary protects the fundamental rights of the people (enshrined in the constitution) from infringement by any state body, and balances the conflicting exercise of power between the central government and a state (or states).

text: The courts are expected to remain unaffected by pressure exerted by other branches of the state, citizens or interest groups. An independent judiciary has been held as a basic feature of the constitution,[59][60] which cannot be changed by the legislature or the executive.[61]

text: Judicial review

text: Judicial review was adopted by the constitution of India from judicial review in the United States.[62] In the Indian constitution, judicial review is dealt with in Article 13. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. According to Article 13,

text:
All pre-constitutional laws, if they conflict wholly or in part with the constitution, shall have all conflicting provisions deemed ineffective until an amendment to the constitution ends the conflict; the law will again come into force if it is compatible with the constitution as amended (the Doctrine of Eclipse).[63]
Laws made after the adoption of the constitution must be compatible with it, or they will be deemed void ab initio.
In such situations, the Supreme Court (or a high court) determines if a law is in conformity with the constitution. If such an interpretation is not possible because of inconsistency (and where separation is possible), the provision which is inconsistent with the constitution is considered void. In addition to Article 13, Articles 32, 226 and 227 provide the constitutional basis for judicial review.[64]

text: Due to the adoption of the Thirty-eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court was not allowed to preside over any laws adopted during a state of emergency which infringe fundamental rights under article 32 (the right to constitutional remedies).[65] The Forty-second Amendment widened Article 31C and added Articles 368(4) and 368(5), stating that any law passed by Parliament could not be challenged in court. The Supreme Court ruled in Minerva Mills v. Union of India that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C.[66]

text: Flexibility

text: According to Granville Austin, "The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people."[i][67] The constitution has deliberately been worded in generalities (not in vague terms) to ensure its flexibility.[68] John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, said that a constitution's "great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves."[69] A document "intended to endure for ages to come",[70] it must be interpreted not only based on the intention and understanding of its framers, but in the existing social and political context.

text: The "right to life" guaranteed under Article 21[A] has been expanded to include a number of human rights, including the right to a speedy trial,[2][71]; the right to water;[2][72] the right to earn a livelihood,[2] the right to health,[2] and the right to education.[73]

text: At the conclusion of his book, Making of India's Constitution, retired Supreme Court of India justice Hans Raj Khanna wrote:

text: If the Indian constitution is our heritage bequeathed to us by our founding fathers, no less are we, the people of India, the trustees and custodians of the values which pulsate within its provisions! A constitution is not a parchment of paper, it is a way of life and has to be lived up to. Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty and in the final analysis, its only keepers are the people."[74]


document_title: Long Island Iced Tea

question_text: where did the drink long island come from

root

text: Long Island Iced Tea

text: Origin[edit]

text: Robert "Rosebud" Butt claims to have invented the Long Island Iced Tea as an entry in a contest to create a new mixed drink with triple sec in 1972 while he worked at the Oak Beach Inn on Long Island, New York.[3][4][5]

tag: p

text: A slightly different drink is claimed to have been invented in the 1920s during Prohibition in the United States by an "Old Man Bishop" in a local community named Long Island in Kingsport, Tennessee.[6][7] The drink was then perfected by Ransom Bishop, Old Man Bishop's son. This drink included whiskey and maple syrup, and varied quantities of the five liquors, rather than the modern one with cola and five equal portions of the five liquors.

text: Variations[edit]

text: The popularity of the Long Island has spawned its own family of highballs.[4]  Many drinks remain popular in their own right in numerous locales throughout the United States, while owing their existence to the success of the original Long Island Iced Tea. An example of a variation to the Long Island is the Purple Rain, which uses the same mix as a Long Island but the Triple Sec is replaced with a shot of Chambord Liqueur and the cola replaced with lemonlime soda [8]. The Adios Mother is consider a variation of the Long Island Ice Tea or a Blue Hawaiian.[9]


document_title: Brawl in Cell Block 99

question_text: where did they film brawl in cell block 99

text: Brawl in Cell Block 99

text: Plot[edit]

text: Bradley Thomas (Vince Vaughn) goes to his job at an auto-repair shop and discovers he has been laid-off by his employer. As he arrives home, he sees his wife, Lauren (Jennifer Carpenter), sitting in her car using her cellphone. Bradley approaches her and sees a lovebite on her neck. Lauren confesses that she has been seeing somebody else. Bradley orders her inside the house before he violently dismantles her car with his bare hands. When calm, he enters the house to speak to Lauren about their failing relationship, his past with alcoholism and an unborn child which they once lost. Bradley decides to forgive Lauren and to return to work as a drug mule, a life he previously left behind.

text: Eighteen months later, Bradley and a pregnant Lauren live in a larger, more expensive home. Bradley's boss, Gil (Marc Blucas), introduces him to Eleazar (Dion Mucciacito), a new business associate, and gives him a new assignment. Bradley is to sail off the coast with two of Eleazar's men to pick up a package of crystal meth. Bradley does not trust the larger of the two men, Roman (Geno Segers), but accepts the job when Gil offers him three months paternity leave. As they arrive at the pier, Bradley senses they are walking into a police trap and dumps his bag into the water. Bradley instructs the other two men to do the same, but they sucker-punch him and ignore his order before confronting the police in a firefight, wounding three officers. Bradley intervenes knocks out Roman in order to assist the police. The third drug trafficker dies in the shootout. Bradley is taken into custody and sentenced to seven years in a medium-security prison.

text: During the night, Lauren is kidnapped by Eleazar's men. On the second day of his incarceration, Bradley is visited by the Placid Man, (Udo Kier), who informs Bradley that he works for Eleazar. He tells Bradley that, unless Bradley assassinates an inmate named Christopher Bridge, the limbs of his unborn child will be surgically removed by a Korean abortionist and sent to him; Bradley has no choice but to take the job. The Placid Man tells Bradley that the inmate is in cell block 99 inside Redleaf Correctional Facility, a different maximum security prison.

text: Bradley picks a fight with a guard, brutally breaking his arm. As he is restrained and being taken away, Bradley fights with the other guards until he's overpowered and transferred to Redleaf. There, he meets Warden Tuggs (Don Johnson), who subjects Bradley to a cavity search outside of the prison entrance. Bradley is put into a horrible cell, where the toilet is clogged with feces. The smell is so overwhelming, Bradley is forced to take off his undershirt and wrap it around his face. Eventually, he is able to go outside for yard time. When a fellow inmate informs him that Christopher Bridge is not located in this section of the prison, Bradley fights some fellow inmates and consequently is thrown into cell block 99.

text: Warden Tuggs explains that cell block 99 is where he devises special punishments for society's most despised criminals. Bradley is forced to wear a belt that gives him electric shocks at a push of a button, as a punishment for the fight. His cell in block 99 is lined with broken glass and only contains a crude squat toilet hole. Bradley speaks to the man in an adjacent cell, who informs him that Christopher Bridge does not exist at all. During the night, a young guard named Wilson (Tom Guiry) escorts Bradley to another, larger cell in block 99, where Eleazar, Roman, and two other gangsters are living in comparative comfort. The gang torture Bradley with the electric belt, mock him, and try to break his spirit by telling him that if he ever fights back against them, Eleazar will make a cellphone call to activate the abortionist. Bradley refuses to break, and swears that he will 'rip off' Eleazar's head. He is shocked so badly that he needs to be dragged back to the cell unconscious.

text: Bradley has a final conversation with the adjacent prisoner, where he indicates that he has accepted his fate. He devises a plan and tears the lining out of his shoes: he places the rubber between his body and the belt to prevent the shocks. This enables him to ambush two guards, breaking their shotgun and killing Wilson, who had previously handed him over to Eleazar. Bradley locks the second guard inside the cell. Bradley confronts Eleazar, and brutally kills all three henchmen in hand-to-hand combat: de-gloving the face of the first man, gouging the eyes of the second, and totally crushing Roman's face. Eleazar quickly telephones the Placid Man and tells him to activate the abortionist. Bradley first tortures Eleazar by breaking his leg, then calls The Placid Man to negotiate for Lauren's freedom. It is agreed that the Placid Man will deliver Lauren to Gil's house. Bradley drags Eleazar into his own cell, across the broken glass, to await confirmation of Lauren's freedom. Warden Tuggs and his men arrive at block 99, but Bradley threatens to kill his two hostages. Bradley states he is waiting for a phone call, and promises that he will surrender peacefully, exactly one minute after the call ends.

text: The Placid Man and the Korean abortionist follow Eleazar's instructions and drive Lauren unharmed to Gil's house. As they drive away, Gil retrieves a hidden assault rifle and kills the Placid Man. Lauren takes the rifle and kills the Korean abortionist herself. Gil phones Bradley to inform him that his family is finally safe. Bradley speaks to Lauren for the last time, and shares a few words with their unborn child.

text: Bradley destroys the cell phone, then reminds Warden Tuggs that he still has 60 seconds of freedom remaining. Bradley shoves Eleazar's face into the squat hole and stamps several times on his neck, decapitating Eleazar and leaving the head at the bottom of the toilet. Warden Tuggs and his men finally enter the cell. Bradley gives one last look at Tuggs, before Tuggs shoots Bradley twice, once in the chest and once in the head. The screen cuts to black as the third gunshot and Bradley's body hitting the floor are heard.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Vince Vaughn as Bradley Thomas
Jennifer Carpenter as Lauren Thomas
Don Johnson as Warden Tuggs
Udo Kier as Placid Man
Marc Blucas as Gil
Tom Guiry as Wilson
Dan Amboyer as Longman
Fred Melamed as Mr. Irving
Rob Morgan as Jeremy
Pooja Kumar as Denise Pawther

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Principal photography began on August 15, 2016, in New York City.[4] On August 17, 2016, Jennifer Carpenter joined the cast of the film.[5] Principal photography wrapped on October 17, 2016.[4]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the 74th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2017.[1] The film was released in theaters on October 6, 2017, and on digital HD and video on demand on October 13, 2017, by RLJE Films.[6]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 77 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Brawl in Cell Block 99 rides a committed Vince Vaughn performance into the brutally violent -- and undeniably entertaining -- depths of prison-set grindhouse genre fare."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[8]

text: The film made year-end best of lists for Newsweek,[9] Los Angeles Times,[10] Collider,[11] JoBlo.com,[12] The A.V. Club,[13] and others. The picture was a New York Times Critics Pick[14] and was screened at the Museum of Modern Art,[15] where it was added to the permanent collection.[15]

text: Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars and praised Vaughn's performance, saying: "In the middle of all the wince-inducing, limb-bending, bone-crunching, face-exploding bloodshed, Vaughn turns in a legitimately great performance that ranks among the finest work he's ever done."[16]


document_title: List of most expensive music videos

question_text: what was the most expensive music video of all time

text: List of most expensive music videos

text: This page lists the most expensive music videos ever made, with costs of US$500,000 or more. David Bowie's video for the 1980 single "Ashes to Ashes" was the first music video to exceed this sum. Janet Jackson leads with six videos on the list, while Michael Jackson, Britney Spears, and Ayumi Hamasaki have five each. Ayumi Hamasaki, T-ara, 2NE1 and B.A.P are also the only Asian artists to appear on this list. Madonna has made three appearances in the top 5, and four total, making her the artist with the most expensive videos of all time put together. Mylène Farmer has made 3 appearances. TLC, Kanye West, Busta Rhymes, Guns N' Roses, and MC Hammer appear on the list twice. Joseph Kahn has directed four videos on this list while Hype Williams, Cha Eun Taek, and Wataru Takeishi have directed three videos on the list. Nigel Dick, Mark Romanek and John Landis appear twice on this list, the latter with videos both directed for Michael Jackson. This list only includes music videos with an announced or reported budget.

text: Mark Romanek, the director of Michael and Janet Jackson's "Scream", which is claimed to be the most expensive music video ever made, has since denied this claim saying that there were two other music videos from the same era which cost "millions more" than the video for "Scream".[1] In a 2017 interview, Mick Garris a writer for Michael Jackson's Ghosts stated that after several years of production development for the Ghosts short film "it became the most expensive music video ever made...it ended up coming in at about $15 million dollars, all of it out of Michael’s pocket".[2]

text: Indicates the title was the most expensive of all time at the time of production

tag: table

text: Most expensive music videos[edit]

text:
Artist(s)
Song title
Director
Original air date
Production (US$)
Inflation-adjusted PC (2018)

Jackson, Michael !Michael Jackson and Jackson, Janet !Janet Jackson
"Scream" !"Scream"
Romanek, Mark !Mark Romanek[3]
1995-05-001995, June 13
$7,000,000[4]
$11,242,193

Madonna
"Die Another Day"
Traktor[5][6]
2002-10-222002, October 22
$6,100,000[7]
$8,299,611

Madonna
"Express Yourself"
Fincher, David !David Fincher[8]
1989-05-171989, May 17
$5,000,000[9]
$9,871,141

Madonna
"Bedtime Story"
Romanek, Mark  !Mark Romanek[10]
1995-04-011995, March 10
$5,000,000[11]
$8,030,138

Jackson, Michael !Michael Jackson
"Black or White"
Landis, John !John Landis[12][13]
1991-11-141991, November 14
$4,000,000[14][15]
$7,186,904

Guns N' Roses
"Estranged"
Morahan, Andy !Andy Morahan[16]
1993-12-001993, December
$5,000,000[17]
$6,776,319

Gwen Stefani
"Make Me Like You"
Muller, Sophie !Sophie Muller[18]
2016-02-152016, February 15
$4,000,000[19]
$4,078,758

Aqua
"Cartoon Heroes"
Masin, Thomas !Thomas Masin[20]
2000-01-002000, January
$3,500,000[21][22]
$5,141,630

Puff Daddy !Puff Daddy
(featuring The Notorious B.I.G. & Busta Rhymes)
"Victory"
Nispel, Marcus !Marcus Nispel[citation needed]
1998-03-311998, March 31
$2,700,000[4]
$4,053,859

MC Hammer
"2 Legit 2 Quit"
Wainwright, Rupert !Rupert Wainwright[23]
1991-11-011991, November
$2,500,000[14]
$4,359,734

Carey, Mariah !Mariah Carey
(featuring Jay-Z)
"Heartbreaker"
Ratner, Brett !Brett Ratner[citation needed]
1999-08-161999, August 16
$2,500,000[4]
$3,672,593

Jackson, Janet !Janet Jackson
"Doesn't Really Matter"
Kahn, Joseph !Joseph Kahn[24]
2000-06-282000, June 28
$2,500,000[4]
$3,552,657

Busta Rhymes
(featuring Janet Jackson)
"What's It Gonna Be?!"
Williams, Hype & Busta Rhymes !Hype Williams & Busta Rhymes[citation needed]
1999-03-121999, March 12
$2,400,000[4]
$4,185,345

Dion, Celine !Celine Dion
"It's All Coming Back to Me Now"
Dick, Nigel !Nigel Dick[citation needed]
1996-07-291996, July 29
$2,300,000[25]
$3,588,839

Jackson, Michael !Michael Jackson
"Bad"
Scorsese, Martin !Martin Scorsese[26]
1987-08-311987, August 31
$2,200,000[4]
$4,738,957

Backstreet Boys
"Larger Than Life"
Kahn, Joseph !Joseph Kahn[citation needed]
1999-09-141999, September 14
$2,100,000[4]
$3,084,978

Jackson, Michael !Michael Jackson
"Remember the Time"
Singleton, John !John Singleton[citation needed]
1992-02-031992, February 3
$2,000,000[27]
$3,487,788

Will Smith
"Miami"
Wayne Isham[28]
1998, December
$2,000,000[28]
$3,002,858

Elliott, Missy !Missy Elliott
"She's a Bitch"
Williams, Hype !Hype Williams[citation needed]
1999-05-011999, May 1
$2,000,000[4]
$2,938,074

Michael, George !George Michael
"Freeek!"
Kahn, Joseph !Joseph Kahn[29]
2004-00-002002, February 27
$2,000,000[4]
$2,591,261

Hamasaki, Ayumi !Ayumi Hamasaki
"my name's WOMEN !"My Name's Women"
Takeishi, Wataru !Wataru Takeishi[citation needed]
2005, March 16
$2,000,000[25]
$2,506,049

Hamasaki, Ayumi !Ayumi Hamasaki
"Fairyland"
Takeishi, Wataru !Wataru Takeishi[citation needed]
2005-07-162005, July 16
$2,000,000[4]
$2,506,049

Hamasaki, Ayumi !Ayumi Hamasaki
"Green"
Kazuyoshi Shimomura !Kazuyoshi Shimomura[citation needed]
2008-12-172008, December 17
$1,600,000[30]
$2,004,839

TLC
"Unpretty"
Hunter, Paul !Paul Hunter[citation needed]
1999-08-291999, August 29
$1,600,000[4]
$2,350,459

Guns N' Roses
"November Rain"
Andy Morahan[16]
1992-06-021992, June 2
$1,500,000[16]
$2,615,841

Blackstreet and Janet Jackson
(featuring Eve & Ja Rule)
"Girlfriend/Boyfriend"
Kahn, Joseph !Joseph Kahn[citation needed]
1999-03-231999, March 23
$1,500,000[4]
$2,203,556

Madonna
(featuring Nicki Minaj & M.I.A.)
"Give Me All Your Luvin'"
Megaforce[31]
2012-02-032012, February 3
$1,500,000[32][33]
$1,631,805

MC Hammer
"Here Comes the Hammer"
MC Hammer[citation needed]
1991-01-011991, January 1
$1,300,000[34]
$2,435,099

Fugees
"Ready or Not"
Marcus Nispel[35]
1996-08-291996, August 29
$1,300,000[36]
$2,028,474

West, Kanye !Kanye West
"Stronger"
Williams, Hype !Hype Williams[citation needed]
2007-07-002007, June 19
$1,200,000[4]
$1,416,273

Duran Duran
"Wild Boys, The" !"The Wild Boys"
Mulcahy, Russell !Russell Mulcahy[citation needed]
1984-11-001984, November
$1,000,000+[37]
$2,355,541

Jackson, Michael !Michael Jackson
"Thriller" !"Thriller"
Landis, John !John Landis[13]
1983-12-021983, December 2
$1,000,000[38]
$2,457,066

S.E.S. !S.E.S.
"Love"
Tak Jae-hoon[citation needed]
1999-11-271999, November 27
$1,000,000[citation needed]
$1,469,037

Jackson, Janet !Janet Jackson (with Nelly)
"Call on Me"
Williams, Hype !Hype Williams[citation needed]
2006-07-262006, July 26
$1,000,000[25]
$1,213,932

Sisters of Mercy !The Sisters of Mercy
"Dominion/Mother Russia"
Eldritch, Andrew !Andrew Eldritch[citation needed]
1988-02-001988, February
$1,000,000[39]
$2,069,218

The Rolling Stones
"Love Is Strong"
Fincher, David !David Fincher[40]
1994-00-001994, July
$1,000,000[41]
$1,651,100

TLC
"Waterfalls"
Gray, F. Gary !F. Gary Gray[42]
19951995, May 19
$1,000,000 [43]
$1,606,028

Sisqó (with Foxy Brown)
"Thong Song" (remix)
Little X !Little X[44]
20002000, March
$1,000,000[45]
$1,421,063

Spears, Britney !Britney Spears
"Toxic"
Kahn, Joseph !Joseph Kahn[46]
2004-01-132004, January 13
$1,000,000[47]
$1,330,318

West, Kanye !Kanye West
(featuring Lupe Fiasco)
"Touch the Sky"
Milk, Chris !Chris Milk[citation needed]
2006-04-002006, April
$1,000,000[48]
$1,213,932

Hamasaki, Ayumi !Ayumi Hamasaki
"Jewel"
Takeishi, Wataru !Wataru Takeishi[citation needed]
2006-11-002006, November
$1,100,000[25]
$1,335,325

Farmer, Mylene !Mylène Farmer
"L'Âme-stram-gram"
Ching Siu-tung[49]
1996-03-201999
$1,000,000[50]
$1,469,037

Jackson, Janet !Janet Jackson
"I Get Lonely" (remix)
Hunter, Paul !Paul Hunter[51]
1998-03-011998, April
$1,000,000[52]
$1,501,429

Hamasaki, Ayumi !Ayumi Hamasaki
"Virgin Road" !"Virgin Road"
Muto, Masashi !Masashi Muto[citation needed]
2010-09-272010, September 27
$1,000,000[53][unreliable source?]
$1,122,234

T-ara !T-ara
"Cry Cry / Lovey Dovey"
Cha Eun Taek !Cha Eun Taek
2011-11-112011, November 11
$1,000,000[54]
$1,087,870

Drake
"God's Plan"
Karena Evans
2018-01-192018, January 19
$996,631.90[55][better source needed]
$1,047,033

B.A.P
"One Shot"
Kang Ji Won & Kim Ki Bum !Kang Ji Won & Kim Ki-bum
2013-02-122013, February 12
$915,000[56]
$961,273

Gangkiz !Gangkiz
"Honey Honey"
Cha Eun Taek !Cha Eun Taek[57]
2012-05-122012, May 12
$900,000[58]
$959,356

Infinite !Infinite
"Destiny"
Hong Won-ki[59]
2013-07-162013, July 16
$890,000[60]
$935,009

Spears, Britney !Britney Spears
"Work Bitch"
Ben Mor
2013-10-012013, October 1
$850,000[61]
$892,986

Zadora, Pia !Pia Zadora
"Heartbeat of Love"
Sena, Dominic !Dominic Sena[62]
19891989, October
$800,000[62]
$1,579,383

Gorillaz
"Saturnz Barz"
Jamie Hewlett
2017, March 23
$800,000[63]
$800,000

Farmer, Mylene !Mylène Farmer
"California"
Ferrara, Abel !Abel Ferrara[64]
1996-03-201996, March 20
$788,000[65][66]
$1,229,805

Spears, Britney !Britney Spears
"Oops!... I Did It Again"
Dick, Nigel !Nigel Dick[67][68]
2000-04-102000, April 10
$750,000[69]
$1,065,797

Speed !Speed
"Sad Promise"
Cha Eun Taek !Cha Eun Taek[70]
2013-01-072013, January 7
$706,000[71]
$752,562

Lil' Dicky
"Pillow Talking"
Tony Yacenda[72]
2017, April 14
$700,000[73]
$700,000

Bowie, David !David Bowie
"Ashes to Ashes"
Bowie, David & Mallet, David !David Bowie & David Mallet[74]
1980-01-011980, May
$582,000[75][76]
$1,728,606

Spears, Britney !Britney Spears
"Hold It Against Me"
Jonas Åkerlund[77]
2011-02-172011, February 17
$500,000[citation needed]
$543,935

Farmer, Mylene !Mylène Farmer
"Pourvu qu'elles soient douces"
Boutonnat, Laurent !Laurent Boutonnat[78]
1988-09-121988, September 12
$500,000[79]
$590,114

Spears, Britney !Britney Spears
"Piece of Me"
Wayne Isham[80]
2007-12-142007, December 14
$500,000
$590,114

2NE1 !2NE1
"Come Back Home"
Dee Shin[81]
2014-03-042014, March 4
$500,000[citation needed]
$516,868