document_title: Black History Month

question_text: when did black history week become black history month

text: Black History Month

text: History

text: Negro History Week (1926)

text: The precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 in the United States, when historian Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History announced the second week of February to be "Negro History Week."[10] This week was chosen because it coincided with the birthday of Abraham Lincoln on February 12 and of Frederick Douglass on February 14, both of which dates Black communities had celebrated together since the late 19th century.[10]

text: From the event's initial phase, primary emphasis was placed on encouraging the coordinated teaching of the history of American blacks in the nation's public schools. The first Negro History Week was met with a lukewarm response, gaining the cooperation of the Departments of Education of the states of North Carolina, Delaware, and West Virginia as well as the city school administrations of Baltimore and Washington, D.C..[11] Despite this far from universal acceptance, the event was regarded by Woodson as "one of the most fortunate steps ever taken by the Association," and plans for a repeat of the event on an annual basis continued apace.[11]

text: At the time of Negro History Week's launch, Woodson contended that the teaching of black history was essential to ensure the physical and intellectual survival of the race within broader society:

text: "If a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated. The American Indian left no continuous record. He did not appreciate the value of tradition; and where is he today? The Hebrew keenly appreciated the value of tradition, as is attested by the Bible itself. In spite of worldwide persecution, therefore, he is a great factor in our civilization."[12]

text: By 1929 The Journal of Negro History was able to note that with only two exceptions, officials with the State Departments of Educations of "every state with considerable Negro population" had made the event known to that state's teachers and distributed official literature associated with the event."[13] Churches also played a significant role in the distribution of literature in association with Negro History Week during this initial interval, with the mainstream and black press aiding in the publicity effort.[14]

text: Negro History Week was met with enthusiastic response; it prompted the creation of black history clubs, an increase in interest among teachers, and interest from progressive whites. Negro History Week grew in popularity throughout the following decades, with mayors across the United States endorsing it as a holiday.[10]

text: On 21 February 2016, 106-year Washington D.C. resident and school volunteer Virginia McLaurin visited the White House as part of Black History Month. When asked by the president why she was there, McLaurin said, "A black president. A black wife. And I’m here to celebrate black history. That’s what I’m here for."[citation needed]

text: United States: Black History Month (1976)

text: Black History Month was first proposed by Black educators and the Black United Students at Kent State University in February 1969. The first celebration of Black History Month took place at Kent State one year later, in February 1970.[7]

text: Six years later Black History Month was being celebrated all across the country in educational institutions, centers of Black culture and community centers, both great and small, when President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month, during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. He urged Americans to "seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history."[15]

text: United Kingdom (1987)

text: Black History Month was first celebrated in the United Kingdom in 1987. It was organized through the leadership of Ghanaian analyst Akyaaba Addai-Sebo, who had served as a coordinator of special projects for the Greater London Council (GLC) and created a collaboration to get it underway.[16] It was first celebrated in London.[17]

text: Canada (1995)

text: In 1995, after a motion by politician Jean Augustine, representing the riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore in Ontario, Canada's House of Commons officially recognized February as Black History Month and honored Black Canadians. In 2008, Senator Donald Oliver moved to have the Senate officially recognize Black History Month, which was unanimously approved.[8]

text: Criticism

text: Black History Month often sparks an annual debate about the continued usefulness and fairness of a designated month dedicated to the history of one race. Criticisms include questions over whether it is appropriate to confine the celebration of Black history to one month, as opposed to integration of Black history into the mainstream education the rest of the year. Another criticism is that contrary to the original inspiration for Black History Month, which was a desire to redress the manner in which American schools failed to represent Black historical figures as anything other than slaves or colonial subjects, Black History Month reduces complex historical figures to overly simplified objects of hero worship. Another criticism is that the celebration is racist.[18]

text: Black celebrities such as actor and director Morgan Freeman and actress Stacey Dash have criticized Black History Month,[19][20] with Freeman saying, "I don't want a Black history month. Black history is American history." Freeman has argued that there was no White History Month, because white people did not want their history relegated to just one month.[21]


document_title: List of My Hero Academia episodes

question_text: when does season 3 episode 12 of my hero academia come out

root

text: List of My Hero Academia episodes

text: Series overview

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired113April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)225April 1, 2017 (2017-04-01)September 30, 2017 (2017-09-30)325[13]April 7, 2018 (2018-04-07)TBA

tag: table

text: Episode list

text: Season 1 (2016)

text:
No. in Series

No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

English airdate

11
"Izuku Midoriya: Origin""Midoriya Izuku: Orijin" (緑谷出久：オリジン) April 3, 2016May 5, 2018
In a world where most of the population is gifted with special powers known as "Quirks", Izuku Midoriya is a young boy who always dreamed of becoming a hero, despite not having a Quirk himself, until one day he is attacked by a villain and is rescued by none other than All Might, the most famous hero ever and his idol since childhood.

Note: The episode was watched by 718,000 viewers in the United States.[14]
22
"What It Takes to Be a Hero""Hīrō no Jōken" (ヒーローの条件) April 10, 2016May 12, 2018
Izuku discovers that All Might's true form is that of a frail, emaciated man, who suffered a massive injury years ago. All Might tells Izuku that he should give up on being a hero and focus on a more realistic dream. Disheartened, Izuku makes his way home, only to see his classmate and bully Katsuki Bakugō attacked by a villain. With no heroes around able to fight the villain, Izuku, without any thought given, rushes in.

Note: The episode was watched by 578,000 viewers in the United States.[15]
33
"Roaring Muscles""Unare kin'niku" (うなれ筋肉) April 17, 2016May 19, 2018
All Might tells Izuku of his quirk, "One For All", a special quirk that transfers its strength from person to person. While All Might believes Izuku to be worthy of his quirk, bestowing it to him right away would ruin his untrained body. All Might then designs a ten-month training regimen to ensure that Izuku can become a vessel that can carry it.

Note: The episode was watched by 554,000 viewers in the United States.[16]
44
"Start Line""Sutaatorain" (スタートライン) April 24, 2016June 2, 2018
After receiving All Might's Quirk, the time has come for Izuku to attend the exams for the prestigious U.A. High School for heroes in training. During the practical exam, Izuku gets himself in a pinch and is about to fail until one of his fellow examinees finds herself in serious danger and he runs to her rescue.

Note: The episode was watched by 608,000 viewers in the United States.[17]
55
"What I Can Do For Now""Ima Boku ni Dekiru Koto wo" (今 僕に出来ることを) May 1, 2016June 9, 2018
It's Izuku's first day as a student of U.A. High School. However, his homeroom teacher Shōta Aizawa decides to hold a physical test to evaluate how the students use their Quirks. Mr. Aizawa threatens the worst ranked student with expulsion, and Izuku finds himself in another predicament as he still has not learned to control his Quirk properly.

Note: The episode was watched by 520,000 viewers in the United States.[18]
66
"Rage, You Damned Nerd""Takere Kusonādo" (猛れクソナード) May 8, 2016June 16, 2018
Now donning their own hero costumes, the students are assigned to a mock battle between teams of two to test their combat abilities. Izuku is paired with Ochako Uraraka, the girl he helped during the entrance exams who also becomes his friend much to his joy. However, also to his dismay, one of his opponents is Bakugō, who always mocked him for his quirklessness, and is now furious at him.

Note: The episode was watched by 720,000 viewers in the United States.[19]
77
"Deku vs. Kacchan""Deku bāsasu Kacchan" (デクvsかっちゃん) May 15, 2016June 23, 2018
The mock battle continues with Izuku barely holding against Bakugō's devastating attacks, leaving Ochako to face the other opponent Tenya Iida by herself. As the time limit approaches, Izuku seems to have no option but to use his Quirk against Bakugō in an attempt to defeat him, until he comes up with a better idea.

Note: The episode was watched by 661,000 viewers in the United States.[20]
88
"Bakugo's Start Line""Sutāto Rain, Bakugō no." (スタートライン、爆豪の。) May 22, 2016June 30, 2018
After losing against Izuku in the mock battle, Bakugō watches the rest of his classmates in action and realizes that he still has a long way to stand above his peers. After recovering from his injuries, Izuku attempts to cheer him up, to the point of sharing with him parts of his secret. Meanwhile, news that All Might is teaching at U.A. are received by some individuals with contempt.

Note: The episode was watched by 601,000 viewers in the United States.[21]
99
"Yeah, Just Do Your Best, Iida!""Ii zo Ganbare Īda-kun!" (いいぞガンバレ飯田くん！) May 29, 2016July 7, 2018
Izuku is chosen as the class president, much to his surprise, but he ends up relinquishing the position to Iida when he and his friends find him more suitable for the position. The students are then assigned to another field exercise, but before it begins, a horde of villains suddenly appear before them.

Note: The episode was watched by 560,000 viewers in the United States.[22]
1010
"Encounter with the Unknown""Michi to no Sōgū" (未知との遭遇) June 5, 2016July 14, 2018
The villains use their powers to scatter and ambush the students in order to attract All Might for a trap. Izuku ends up stranded and surrounded on a boat along with his classmates Tsuyu Asui and Minoru Mineta, but after learning more about their powers, he comes up with a plan to turn the tides. Elsewhere, Iida is chosen by the others to break through the enemy trap and call for help.

Note: The episode was watched by 497,000 viewers in the United States.[23]
1111
"Game Over""Gēmu Ōbā" (ゲームオーバー) June 12, 2016July 21, 2018
The students fight for their lives against the Villains while Iida manages to escape with his friends' help. Once it's clear that Iida will warn the other teachers who will come to stop them, the Villains' leader Tomura Shigaraki decides to kill Izuku and his friends just to hurt All Might's pride before they leave, when All Might himself appears.

Note: The episode was watched by 537,000 viewers in the United States.[24]
1212
"All Might""Ōrumaito" (オールマイト) June 19, 2016July 28, 2018
Shigaraki unleashes his secret weapon, the multi-quirk monster called "Nomu" against All Might, who finds himself in a pinch, until Izuku and some other students arrive to assist him, but All Might has little time left before he runs out of power to defeat the creature in order to protect the school.
1313
"In Each of our Hearts""Onoono no Mune ni" (各々の胸に) June 26, 2016August 4, 2018
Although he was able to defeat the Nomu, All Might has no energy left and is defenseless against Shigaraki, but Izuku manages to stall the enemy long enough for the other teachers to arrive and force him to retreat. As the leftover Villains are captured and the students are rescued, All Might thanks Izuku for saving his life, but elsewhere, Shigaraki confers with his master, implying that their feud against the Heroes is just beginning.

text: Season 2 (2017)

text:
No. in Series

No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

English airdate

13.50
"Hero Notebook""Hīrō Nōto" (ヒーローノート) March 25, 2017Unaired
A recap of the first season.

Note: The episode earned a 3.3% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[25]
141
"That's the Idea, Ochaco""Sou iu Koto ne Ochako-san" (そういうことね お茶子さん) April 1, 2017August 11, 2018
Still recovering from the previous incident, the school is about to hold the Sports Festival, which will serve as an opportunity for the students to show off their Quirks for professional heroes looking for sidekicks. In the occasion, All Might confesses to Izuku that his powers are diminishing, and that the festival is an opportunity for Izuku to show his true value to the world.

Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[26]
152
"Roaring Sports Festival""Unare Taiikusai" (うなれ体育祭) April 8, 2017August 18, 2018
Todoroki expresses to Izuku that he will defeat him and show his true power. As the Sports Festival begins, the students from the four branches of the school - Hero, General Studies, Business and Support Courses - participate in an obstacle-course race.

Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[27]
163
"In Their Own Quirky Ways""Minna Koseiteki de ii ne" (みんな個性的でいいね) April 15, 2017August 25, 2018
During the obstacle race, Todoroki effortlessly passes each obstacle with Bakugo in hot pursuit. At the last obstacle, Izuku uses his wits to pass through both and win the race. However, his victory is short-lived when he learns that by being first place, he is the top target for the next round.
174
"Strategy, Strategy, Strategy""Saku Saku Saku" (策策策) April 22, 2017—
In the next round, the Cavalry Battle, Izuku teams up with Ochako, Tokoyami and Support Course student Mei. Being the team with most points, they barely evade the advances from the other teams from their class, while the students from Class B take advantage of it to claim points for themselves.
185
"Cavalry Battle Finale""Kibasen Kecchaku" (騎馬戦決着) April 29, 2017—
As the end of the Cavalry Battle approaches, Izuku's team have a heated confrontation with the team led by Todoroki and despite losing the first place to them, they earn a place in the next round by working together.
196
"The Boy Born with Everything""Subete o Motte Umareta Otokonoko" (全てを持って生まれた男の子) May 6, 2017—
The 16 remaining students advance to the final stage, with battles one on one to decide the winner. Before the fights begin, Todoroki has a private talk with Izuku, revealing the reasons for his hatred toward his father, the world's second-best hero Endeavor.

Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[28]
207
"Victory or Defeat""Kachimake" (勝ち負け) May 13, 2017—
In the first round, Izuku is struck by Hitoshi Shinso's brainwashing ability, but breaks free in the last moment and obtains victory, while Todoroki displays his overwhelming power and easily wins his match against Hanta Sero, becoming Izuku's opponent in the following round.

Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[29]
218
"Battle on, Challengers!""Furue! Charenjā" (奮え！チャレンジャー) May 20, 2017—
The U.A. Sports Festival continues with the completion of the other six bracket matches. Shiozaki swiftly overcomes Kaminari. Mei manipulates Iida in order to show off her tech to support companies, giving him the win by stepping out. Mina beats Aoyama by exploiting his weakness. Yaoyorozu is overwhelmed by the speed of Tokoyami's Dark Shadow and is pushed out of the ring. Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have a homestyle brawl ending in a tie. Throughout all of this, Ochako is trying to prepare herself for the daunting task of battling Bakugo.

Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[30]
229
"Bakugo vs. Uraraka""Bakugō vs. Uraraka" (爆vs麗日豪) May 27, 2017—
Ochako uses many different strategies to attempt to defeat Bakugo. However, despite her plans, Bakugo wins after Ochako falls unconscious. Afterwards, Ochako talks over the phone with her father who tries to console her, but to no avail. Also during this time, Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have an arm-wrestling contest to determine who moves on to the next round; Kirishima wins and the two become friends. Izuku prepares for his fight with Todoroki.
2310
"Shoto Todoroki: Origin""Todoroki Shōto: Orijin" (轟 焦凍:オリジン) June 3, 2017—
Izuku and Todoroki begin their match. Izuku, while still trying to win, is attempting to get Todoroki to use his left side so they can both battle at their full power. As Todoroki fights on, more of his past is revealed through flashbacks. He remembers his mother saying it was okay to use his left side because he wanted to be a hero. So Izuku fights Todoroki who is using both sides. Cementoss and Midnight attempt to stop the match before the two deal their final attacks but to no avail. Izuku is thrown out of bounds and Todoroki moves on.

Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[31]
2411
"Fight on, Iida""Īda-kun Faito" (飯田くんファイト) June 10, 2017—
Izuku caused significant damage in his right hand warranting surgery; school nurse Recovery Girl refuses future treatment if he does it again. All Might admits to his youth being identical to Izuku's. Todoroki admits to Endeavor he was able to use his left side fire because he forgot all about his father. In the last matches of the second round, Iida and Tokoyami push respective opponents Shiozaki and Ashido out of bounds, while Bakugo overpowers Kirishima. When Iida fights Todoroki, Iida is frozen and rendered unable to go on. Bakugo figures Tokoyami's weakness to intense light as they fight and makes him yield. Meanwhile in Tokyo, Iida's brother Ingenium is crippled in pursuit of the Hero Killer: Stain, and Iida is informed not long after by his mother. Stain is invited by Kurogiri to meet with Shiguraki about joining the Villain's League.
2512
"Todoroki vs. Bakugo""Todoroki vs. Bakugo" (轟vs爆豪) June 17, 2017—
Todoroki is still unsure if he should be using his left side. As the match starts, Todoroki attacks Bakugo with his ice power. Bakugo becomes angry as he wants Todoroki to fight him with both of his sides. After Izuku's cheer, Todoroki decides to use his left side but when Bakugo is about to use his "Howitzer Impact", Todoroki suddenly stops using his left side. The attack pushes Todoroki out of bounds, resulting in Bakugo being named the winner. Angered, Bakugo still goes after Todoroki, but Midnight stops him. After the match, All Might gives everyone medals. Iida already to see his brother at the hospital and did not attend the award ceremony. After everyone went home to recover, Todoroki finally decides to go see his mother whom he had not seen for many years.
2613
"Time to Pick Some Names""Namae o Tsuke te Miyō no Kai" (名前をつけてみようの会) June 24, 2017—
The Sports Festival is over, and everyone's injuries are almost recovered. Mr. Aizawa announces that everyone has to decide a hero name for themselves, and that since many of the students have gotten multiple offers from pro heroes, everyone will be doing a one-week internship at a hero agency. Midnight joins in to offer feedback on everyone's hero name requests. After that, everyone chooses an agency for their internship. Izuku is still not sure which agency he should join when suddenly All Might shows up. He tells Izuku that his teacher has offered an internship, and Izuku accepts it. Meanwhile, Iida picks an agency in the area where his brother was attacked. The next day, everyone sets off for the internship.
2714
"Bizarre! Gran Torino Appears""Kaiki! Guran Torino Arawaru" (怪奇!グラントリノ現る) July 8, 2017—
The internship program starts and Izuku is waiting to meet Gran Torino but when he does he is not what he expected. Izuku begins to leave until Gran Torino shows his power and tempts Izuku to fight him. Meanwhile Tenya is looking for hero-killer Stain and the other students of Class A are also busy in their internship. Izuku trains hard with Gran Torino and finally starts to understand One For All.
2815
"Midoriya and Shigaraki""Midoriya to Shigaraki" (緑谷と死柄木) July 15, 2017—
Now that Izuku knows how to control some of his powers he starts to train more and more with Gran Torino to perfect that power. All Might learns more about the captured Nomu. After Stain refuses to join the League of Villains, he returns to Hosu City to hunt down more heroes. Shigaraki also goes to Hosu, releasing several Nomus into the city. On the way to respond to the Nomu attacks, Tenya discovers Stain just as he is about to kill another hero. Meanwhile, Gran Torino decides to take Izuku to Shibuya city, and their train is attacked by a Nomu as they pass Hosu.

Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[32]
2916
"Hero Killer: Stain vs U.A. Students""Hīrō Goroshi Sutein vs U.A. Seito" (ヒーロー殺し ステインvs雄英生徒) July 22, 2017—
Hosu City is under attack by Stain and by three Nomus released by the League of Villains. As Gran Torino battles the Nomu that attacked their train, Izuku searches the city for Tenya and arrives just in time to prevent Stain from killing him. Having received a cryptic message from Izuku before he attacked Stain, Shoto arrives just as Stain has used his Quirk to paralyze Izuku. As Izuku figures out the secret of Stain's Quirk, Shoto struggles to evade Stain's many blades and Tenya struggles with his own rage and quest for vengeance.

Note: The episode earned a 2.8% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[33]
3017
"Climax""Ketchaku" (決着) July 29, 2017—
Tenya fights off Stain's Quirk and joins the battle with Shoto and Izuku. Endeavor and Gran Torino defeat a Nomu while the three UA students defeat Stain - at the cost of serious injuries to Tenya and Izuku. Endeavor defeats the remaining Nomu and controls the situation.

Note: The episode earned a 4.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[34]
3118
"The Aftermath of Hero Killer: Stain""'Hīrō-Goroshi Sutein' Sono Yoha" (「ヒーロー殺しステイン」その余波) August 5, 2017—
Following Stain's arrest, the video of Stain expressing his views on the present Heroes has gone viral, and more people are falling to those views. With Stain in custody, they begin to gravitate towards the League of Villains. Meanwhile, credit for the arrest has gone to Endeavor, to ensure that Tenya, Izuku and Shoto are not arrested for using their powers without permission. Iida apologizes for his rash behavior and decides to work on improving himself.
3219
"Everyone's Internships""Sorezore no Shokuba Taiken" (それぞれの職場体験) August 12, 2017—
Anime-original episode showing what some of the other characters did during their internships, particularly Tsuyu/Froppy.

Note: The episode earned a 2.7% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[35]
3320
"Listen Up!! A Tale from the Past""Shire!! Mukashi no Hanashi" (知れ!!昔の話) August 19, 2017—
Following their internships, everyone has returned to school, and All Might decides to tell Izuku the truth behind his Quirk, One for All.

Note: The episode earned a 4.1% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[36]
3421
"Gear up for Final Exams""Sonaero Kimatsu Tesuto" (備えろ期末テスト) September 2, 2017—
Final exams are approaching, and the class prepares for their written and practical exams. Momo hosts a study party at her mansion, and Itsuka tells Izuku and his friends that the practical exam will be against robot enemies. After making it through three days of written exams, everyone is shocked to learn that the practical exam will not involve robots this year - instead, they will be fighting in predetermined pairs against one of their teachers. To pass, they must either defeat the teacher or escape the arena before time runs out.

Note: The episode earned a 3.2% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[37]
3522
"Yaoyorozu: Rising""Yaoyorozu: Raijingu" (八百万：ライジング) September 9, 2017—
Tsuyu and Fumikage work together to evade Ectoplasm's army of clones. Tenya and Mashirao face off against the burrowing Power Loader. Todoroki and Momo, whose confidence was shattered after being easily defeated by Fumikage in the Sports Festival, attempt to evade Aizawa's Quirk. Ochaco and Yuga try to avoid being sucked into Thirteen's black hole.

Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[38]
3623
"Stripping the Varnish""Mukero Hitokawa" (むけろ一皮) September 16, 2017—
Yuga asks Ochaco if she likes Izuku, prompting an unexpected resolution to their match with Thirteen. Denki and Mina attempt to evade the buildings being toppled by Principal Nezu as he strategically cuts off their escape routes. Kyoka and Koji, who both have sound-dependent Quirks, struggle to come up with a strategy against Present Mic's overpowering noise. Mezo creates a distraction to allow Toru an opening against Snipe. Midnight takes out Hanta quickly, leaving Mineta alone against her somnambulist Quirk.

Note: The episode earned a 3.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[39]
3724
"Katsuki Bakugo: Origin""Bakugo Katsuki: Orijin" (爆豪勝己：オリジン) September 23, 2017—
The final match of the final exams pits Izuku and Katsuki against All Might. Izuku struggles to convince Katsuki to work with him, especially since Izuku believes they have no choice but to escape and Katsuki seems determined to fight All Might head-on. Even with All Might's diminishing strength and handicap weights, both students face serious injuries as they put everything they have into the fight.

Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[40]
3825
"Encounter""Enkauntā" (エンカウンター) September 30, 2017—
At the League of Villains hideout, two visitors express interest in joining the League of Villains. Tomura resents the fact that Stain's ideology has inspired so many people when his own approach has not been nearly as successful. Meanwhile, Izuku and his classmates go on a shopping trip to prepare for summer training camp.

text: Season 3 (2018)

text:
No. in Series

No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

391
"Game Start""Gēmu Sutāto" (ゲーム・スタート) April 7, 2018
The students of 1-A have a PE class at the pool, while reminiscing about the main events of the previous seasons.

Note: The episode earned a 4.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[41]
402
"Wild, Wild Pussycats""Wairudo Wairudo Pusshīkyattsu" (ワイルド・ワイルド・プッシーキャッツ) April 14, 2018
On the day of the forest lodge trip, Class 1-A and 1-B prepare to board buses. An hour later, Class 1-A's bus stops for a restroom break. Suddenly, two women wearing cat-like costumes and a small boy appear. The women introduce themselves as the professional Hero Team, The Pussycats, while the boy is revealed to be Kota, an orphan in their care who despises heroes. Mandalay tells class 1-A that they must reach the training camp at the base of the mountain by midday or they will miss lunch. Despite their best efforts, class 1-A's progress is inhibited by earthen beasts throughout the forest, controlled by Pixie-Bob with her Quirk, and the students miss their deadline by hours. However, team Pussycats is satisfied with their performances, and they are offered dinner instead. Afterwards, Class 1-A go to the hot springs for a bath. Mineta tries to peek at the girls' bath side but is prevented by Kota; Kota accidentally sees the girls and faints, but is saved by Izuku. Izuku brings the unconscious Kota to the cabin and learns the story of his parents; pro heroes who died in the line of duty.
413
"Kota""Kōta-kun" (洸汰くん) April 21, 2018
Class 1-A and 1-B continues training as the villains prepare to attack. Despite Kota's hatred for heroes, and the superhuman society in general, Midoriya tries to convince Kota by telling his own tales as his friend's story. The villains attack when the students are participating in a training exercise and catch them unawares.
424
"My Hero""Boku no Hīrō" (僕のヒーロー) April 28, 2018
The villains continue their attack, working in teams or alone to target different groups of students and teachers. Muscular, one of the villains chances upon Kota at his secret hideout and tries to kill him, but is stopped by Izuku. Izuku is pushed to his limit in the fight but manages to defeat Muscular with a 1,000,000% Delaware Detroit Smash and saves Kota. Kota finally overcomes his prejudices due to Izuku's selflessness and calls him "My Hero".
435
"Drive It Home, Iron Fist!!!""Buchikomu Tekken!!!" (ブチ込む鉄拳!!!) May 5, 2018
After defeating Muscular, Izuku carries Kota back to the camp and runs into Eraserhead. Izuku passes Kota over to him, as he has a message to deliver to everyone through Mandalay's telepathy. The teacher asks Izuku to deliver a message from him as well. Mandalay delivers both messages: That “Kacchan” (Katsuki) is one of the villains' targets and the students have permission to use their quirks to defend themselves. Meanwhile, Tetsutetsu and Itsuka find the source of a poisonous gas that is filling part of the forest: a villain named Mustard. The two work together to defeat Mustard and this results in the gas dissipating. Izuku runs into Mezo while searching for Katsuki and learns that Fumikage's quirk, Dark Shadow, is out of control.
446
"Roaring Upheaval""Ganaru Fūunkyū" (がなる風雲急) May 12, 2018
Mezo asks for Izuku's help in saving Fumikage from his own quirk and to choose between saving Fumikage or Katsuki. Izuku devises a plan to save both, which involves leading Dark Shadow to Katsuki and Shoto who are fighting the villain Moonfish. Dark Shadow defeats Moonfish and is then weakened and brought back under control by Katsuki and Shoto. The students team up and run into Ochaco and Tsuyu fighting a villain called Himiko. As there are now more student present than she is ready to take on by herself, Himiko retreats. Izuku asks the girls to help them protect Katsuki but Katsuki and Fumikage have already been kidnapped by the villain Mr. Compress. A Nomu chases Yosetsu who is carrying a heavily injured Momo but the Nomu is called back by Dabi as their mission has been accomplished. Momo makes a tracking device which Yosetsu attaches to the Nomu. Izuku and the others continue to chase Mr. Compress but are unable to keep up with his speed. Izuku devises a plan to launch him, Shoto and Mezo into the air using Ochaco and Tsuyu's quirks. They manage to successfully tackle Mr. Compress to the ground.
457
"What a Twist!""Ten Ten Ten!" (転転転!) May 19, 2018
Midoriya, Todoroki and Shoji have caught up with Mr. Compress, and with Aoyama's assistance, they manage to rescue Tokoyami. However, the villains retreat with Bakugo, leaving the heroes-in-training in anguish. U.A. faces serious backlash over the next couple of days, even while the police pursues a lead to find the League of Villains. Midoriya wakes up in a hospital bed, two days after the attack. Almost all of class A comes to visit him. Kirishima and Todoroki reveal that they plan to go rescue Bakugo.
468
"From Iida to Midoriya""Īda-kara Midoriya e" (飯田から緑谷へ) May 26, 2018
At Midoriya's room in the hospital, class 1A debates whether or not they should attempt a rescue mission. Kirishima lets Midoriya know that he and Todoroki intend to make their move that very night. U.A organizes a press conference whose airing is met with criticism. Meanwhile the police continues with their investigation and organizes a team of heroes to strike back against the villains. Midoriya decides to join Todoroki and Kirishima in their rescue attempt, as does Yaoyorozu. Iida attempts to convince them to drop their plan but ultimately decides to join them so that he can keep an eye on them and call the mission off if actual combat breaks out. The group makes their way to Camino ward and change into disguises to avoid standing out. Shigaraki attempts to convince Bakugo to join the League of Villains but Bakugo reveals his commitment to becoming a hero and attacks Twice and Shigaraki.
479
"All For One""Ōru Fō Wan" (オール・フォー・ワン) June 2, 2018
Midoriya, Yaoyorozu, Todoroki, Kirishima, and Iida continue their search and rescue to save Bakugo. After arriving at what seems to be the hideout, they discover a large amount of Nomus inside. The Pro-Heroes then capture the members of the League of Villains, but an unexpected warp attacks the heroes and takes Bakugo once again.
4810
"Symbol of Peace""Heiwa no Shōchō" (平和の象徴) June 9, 2018
All for One, the mastermind behind the League of Villains, has snatched back his underlings from the heroes, and Bakugo as well. All Might flies to the rescue, but he's worried about Bakugo's safety and can't fight at full power. Midoriya comes up with a plan that would allow the students to escape with Bakugo, without fighting the villains, and it all comes down to Kirishima.
4911
"One For All""Wan Fō Ōru" (ワン・フォー・オール) June 16, 2018
All Might and All for One clash furiously as their battle is witnessed by the entire world. To shatter All Might's resolve, All For One reveals he killed his mentor, and brainwashed her grandson over several years into the now notorious Tomura Shigaraki; which strikes a pain into All Might's heart. This backfires as the hero now musters his power into his fist to deliver his coup de gras: The United States of SMASH. Victorious but entirely spent, All Might sends a message through the TV which the populace thinks is a threat to future villains; however Midoriya realizes it is to let him know that it's time for him take on the mantle of his hero.
5012
"End of the Beginning, Beginning of the End""Hajimari no Owari Owari no Hajimari" (始まりの終わり 終わりの始まり) June 23, 2018
As All Might is officially retired, and All For One imprisoned in the Maximum Security Prison "Tartarus", the Police hold a closed conference on how this may embolden more villains to Shigaraki's League. A depressed Midoriya receives a text from All Might to meet at Degoba Beach where he trained for the entrance exams and the two share a heartfelt moment. Sometime later, Aizawa & All Might visit the student's parents to discuss a new dorm system to better protect the students. While many are open to it, including the Bakugo family, Izuku's mother Inko is against it as her son has repeatedly suffered grave bodily injuries in emulation of All Might since attending U.A. To prove his determination, Izuku shows his mother the note from Kota thanking him for being his hero; and as a show of humility, All Might bows his head to the ground to promise Inko he will be a better teacher for Izuku, finally earning her hesitant approval. Izuku promises to be more considerate of his mother's feelings from now on and work to be safer. Meanwhile, All For One is gleeful that Tomura will now evolve with his teacher's absence.
5113
"Moving into Dorms""Haire Ryō" (入れ寮) June 30, 2018
After Midoriya's mother reluctantly allows him to live in the dorm, he and all his friends shift to the recently constructed dorm for 1A. The principal thinks to himself about how the dorm doesn't only help the students, but will help to determine the identity of the U.A. traitor. Aizawa informs the class that, had the situation been different, he would have expelled not only those who went to save Bakugo, but also those who knew about their plan and didn't stop them. After explaining the dorm system, Aizawa leaves the students to unpack. Later that evening, most of the students (the exception being Bakugo and Asui) take a tour of the rooms to elect a King of Rooms. Sato is the surprise winner, due to his baking talent. Uraraka calls those who went to save Bakugo out to the courtyard. There, Asui reveals her conflicted feelings that she was unable to prevent her friends from breaking the rules, and her desire for everything to go back the way it was before. Uraraka confirms that the whole class feels the same way, ergo the King of Rooms contest. The Bakugo Rescue Squad apologizes to Asui, and Midoriya looks forward to the future.
5214
"Create Those Ultimate Moves""Ame Hissatsuwaza" (編め必殺技) July 14, 2018
Midoriya woke up from a dream where he and All Might had a conversation by the beach, and prepared for school along with his classmates who now all resides in the newly constructed dorm. During homeroom, Aizawa emphasizes that to be able to pass the provisional license which only has a 50% rate of passing in being a hero, they must acquire at least 2 ultimate moves. They were guided by Cementoss, Midnight and Ectoplasm. Inside the gym, while everyone was busy training, All Might appeared and gave each students some advice. Deku, who has trouble creating an ultimate move went to the development studio to have his costume altered to support the ligaments of his arms. There together with Ilda and Uraraka, they were reunited with  support hero Hatsume who was developing her new babies which she eagerly tried on them. After several conversations, Deku was able to come up with an idea on how to overcome his problem and redesigned his costume. Just when the rock Bakugo hit with his ultimate weapon fell and hit All Might, Deku jumped in and destroyed it with his ultimate move, Full cowling: shoot style, a technique which uses his legs contrasting All Might's Plus Ultra which uses his arms.
5315
"The Test""THE Shinken" (THE試験) July 21, 2018
Class 1-A were finally able to adjust their costumes and create ultimate weapons. Before their training is finished, Class B arrives at the gym claiming the place to be their time for training. Monoma, who has an obvious dislike for class A, provokes them haughtily and declares to defeat their class in the coming examination; however, Aizawa states that the two classes will be having the exam in different locations to avoid fighting each other. After reaching the place for the provisional examination, Aizawa meets Ms. Joke, a colleague from his former neighboring agency.  She constantly teases him into going out with her, to which he always quickly declines.  The class meets several other students from other schools and the test starts with an elimination exam. However, unbeknownst to the U.A. students, there is a tradition where other schools primarily target U.A. students every time an examination starts.
5416
"Shiketsu High Lurking""Haiyoru Shiketsu Kōkō" (這い寄る士傑高校) July 28, 2018
Ketsubutsu Academy students ambush Class 1-A, but they manage to evade Ketsubutsu's balls by working together. Shindo then separates them by using his Vibrate Quirk to break the ground. Meanwhile, in another part of the arena, Shiketsu High School's Yoarashi uses his Whirlwind Quirk to pass, taking out 120 students at once. Midoriya gets hit once by Shiketsu High School student Utsushimi using her Glamour Quirk. A big group of students finds them but Midoriya manages to dodge all of their attacks. He rescues Uraraka, but he discovers that it's only Utsushimi pretending to be Uraraka. Sero and the real Uraraka help him. Somewhere else, Todoroki is ambushed by a group of students from Seijin High School.
5517
"Class 1-A""Ichi-Nen Ei-Gumi" (１年A組) August 4, 2018
As the battle continues, Todoroki uses his fire quirk against a water attack in order to generate a huge steam cloud, thus obscuring his opponents' vision.  He lures his opponents to a large gas tank and ignites it, causing them to be knocked down and then subdued with his freezing quirk.  He easily activates their target rings and passes the exam.  While trapped in a building, Shoji, Asui, Jiro and Yaoyorozu also pass the exam after defeating their opponents from Seiai Academy.  Meanwhile, Midoriya acts as a decoy while Uraraka and Sero attempt to restrain as many opponents as possible.  Elsewhere, Bakugo, Kaminari and Kirishima face off against Shiketsu High student Seiji Shishikura.  While waiting for the exam to conclude, Aizawa comments to Ms. Joke that he has noticed that Midoriya and Bakugo seem to inspire Class 1-A to achieve greatness.
5618
"RUSH!""Rasshu!" (RUSH!) August 11, 2018
5719
"Rescue Exercises""Kyūjo Enshū" (救助演習) August 18, 2018

text: OVA

text:
No.TitleOriginal air date1
"Save! Rescue Training!""Sukue! Kyūjo Kunren!" (救え!救助訓練!) November 27, 2016 (event)April 4, 2017 (DVD)
2
"Training of the Dead" (トレーニング・オブ・ザ・デッド) June 2, 2017


document_title: List of chemical element name etymologies

question_text: which element is named for the greek word for green

text: Table[edit]

text:
Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

89
Actinium
Ac
Greek
ἀκτίς (aktis)
beam
Greek aktinos
ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος (aktis; aktinos), which means "beam (ray)".

13
Aluminium
Al
Latin
alumen
alum (literally: bitter salt)[1]
Latin alumen
Latin alumen, which means "alum" (literally "bitter salt").

95
Americium
Am

America

toponym: the Americas
Named for the Americas, because it was discovered in the United States (by analogy with europium) (the name of the continent America is derived from the name of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci).

51
Antimony
Sb
Greek? via Medieval Latin and Middle English[2]
ἀντί + μόνος
(anti monos);
antimonium/
antimonie[3]
various

Possibly from Greek ἀντί + μόνος (anti monos), approximately meaning "opposed to solitude", as believed never to exist in pure form, or ἀντί + μοναχός (anti monachos) for "monk-killer" (in French folk etymology, anti-moine "monk's bane"), because many early alchemists were monks, and antimony is poisonous. This may also be derived from the Pharaonic (ancient Egyptian), Antos Ammon (expression), which could be translated as "bloom of the god Ammo".
The symbol Sb is from Latin name stibium, which is derived from Greek Στίβι stíbi, a variant of στίμμι stimmi (genitive: στίμμεος or στίμμιδος), probably a loan word from Arabic or Egyptian

sdm meaning "eyepaint".[4] Littré suggests that the first form is derived from *stimmida, a hypothetical alternative accusative of stimmi (the canonical accusative of the noun is the same as the nominative: stimmi). The Arabic word for the substance, as "mark" or "the cosmetic", can appear as تحميض، ثمود، وثمود، وثمود ithmid, athmoud, othmod or uthmod.[5]

18
Argon
Ar
Greek
ἀργόν (argon)
inactive
descriptive: argon
Greek argon means "inactive" (literally "slow").

33
Arsenic
As
Syriac/Persian via Greek, Latin, Old French, and Middle English
ἀρσενικόν (arsenikon)
orpiment
Greek arsenikon
From Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikon), which is adapted from the Syriac ܠܐ ܙܐܦܢܝܐ (al) zarniqa[6] and Persian, زرنيخ (zarnik), "yellow orpiment". Ἀρσενικόν (arsenikon) is paretymologically related to the Greek word ἀρσενικός (arsenikos), which means "masculine" or "potent". These words were adapted as the Latin arsenicum and Old French arsenic, which is the source for the English arsenic.[6]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

85
Astatine
At
Greek
ἄστατος (astatos)
unstable
Greek astatos
ἄστατος (astatos) means "unstable".[7]

56
Barium
Ba
Greek via Modern Latin
βαρύς (barys)
heavy
Greek barys
βαρύς (barys) means "heavy". The oxide was initially called "barote", then "baryta", which was modified to "barium" to describe the metal. Sir Humphry Davy gave the element this name because it was originally found in baryte, which shares the same source.[8]

97
Berkelium
Bk
Anglo-Saxon via English
University of California, Berkeley

toponym: Berkeley, California
Named for the University of California, Berkeley, where it was discovered. Berkeley, California, was named in honour of George Berkeley. "Berkeley" is derived from Old English beorce léah, which means birch lea.

4
Beryllium
Be
Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit via Greek, Latin, Old French, and Middle English
City of Belur via Greek βήρυλλος (beryllos)
a blue-green spar (beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate, Be3Al2(SiO3)6). Possibly related to the name of Belur.
descriptive (colour): beryl
βήρυλλος beryllos, denoting beryl, which contains beryllium.[9] The word is derived (via Latin: beryllus and French: béryl) from the Greek βήρυλλος, bērullos, a blue-green spar, from Prakrit veruliya (वॆरुलिय), from Pāli veḷuriya (वेलुरिय); veḷiru (भेलिरु) or, viḷar (भिलर्), "to become pale," in reference to the pale semiprecious gemstone beryl.[10] The word is ultimately derived from the Sanskrit word वैडूर्य vaidurya, which might be related to the name of the Indian city of Belur.[11]

83
Bismuth
Bi
Modern Latin from German
bisemutum
white mass
descriptive (colour): bisemutum
bisemutum is derived from German Wismuth, perhaps from weiße Masse, and means "white mass", due to its appearance.

107
Bohrium
Bh

Bohr, Niels

eponym: Niels Bohr
Named in honour of Niels Bohr, who made fundamental contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.[12]
Unnilseptium was used as a temporary systematic element name.

5
Boron
B
Arabic, Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman, Middle French, and Middle English
بورق (buraq)

Latin borax from Arabic
From the Arabic بورق (buraq), which refers to borax. Possibly derived from the Persian, بوره (burah). The Arabic was adapted as Medieval Latin baurach, Anglo-Norman boreis, and Middle English boras, which became the source of the English "boron".

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

35
Bromine
Br
Greek via French
βρόμος (brómos)[13]
dirt or stench (of he-goats)[14]
Greek bromos
βρόμος (brómos) means "stench (lit. clangor)", due to its characteristic smell.

48
Cadmium
Cd
Greek/Latin
καδμεία (kadmeia)
calamine or Cadmean earth
Greek kadmia
From Latin cadmia, which is derived from Greek καδμεία (kadmeia) and means "calamine", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals. Cadmium is named after Cadmus (in Greek: Κάδμος Kadmos), a character in Greek mythology and calamine is derived from Le Calamine, the French name of the Belgian town of Kelmis.

55
Caesium
Cs
Latin
caesius
blue-gray[15] or sky blue
descriptive (colour): Latin caesius
From Latin caesius, which means "sky blue". Its identification was based upon the bright-blue lines in its spectrum, and it was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis.

20
Calcium
Ca
Greek/Latin
χάλιξ/calx
χάλιξ means "pebble", and calx means limestone[16]
Latin calx
From Latin calx, which means "lime". Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.

98
Californium
Cf
English
California

toponym: State and University of California
Named for California, the U.S. state of California and for the University of California, Berkeley. (The origin of the state's name is disputed.)

6
Carbon
C
Latin via French
charbone
charcoal
Latin carbo
From the French, charbone, which in turn came from Latin carbō, which means "charcoal" and is related to carbōn, which means "a coal". (The German and Dutch names, "Kohlenstoff" and "koolstof", respectively, both literally mean "coal matter".) These words were derived from the PIE base *ker- meaning heat, fire, or to burn.[17]

58
Cerium
Ce
Latin
Ceres
grain, bread
astrological;
mythological Ceres
Named after the asteroid Ceres, discovered two years earlier. (The asteroid, now classified as a dwarf planet, was named after Ceres, the goddess of fertility in Roman mythology.)[18] Ceres is derived from PIE *ker-es- from base *ker- meaning to grow.[19][20]

17
Chlorine
Cl
Greek
χλωρός (chlorós)
pale green[21]
descriptive (colour): Greek chloros
From Greek χλωρός (chlorós), which means "yellowish green" or "greenish yellow", because of the colour of the gas.

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

24
Chromium
Cr
Greek via French
χρῶμα (chróma)
colour
descriptive (colour): Greek chroma
From Greek χρῶμα (chróma), "colour", because of its multicoloured compounds. This word was adapted as the French chrome, and adding the suffix -ium created the English "chromium".[22]

27
Cobalt
Co
German
Kobold
evil spirit
German kobold
From German Kobold, which means "evil spirit". The metal was named by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome (polluted and degraded other mined elements, such as nickel). Other sources cite the origin in the silver miners' belief that cobalt had been placed by "Kobolds", who had stolen the silver. Some also think that the name may have been derived from Greek κόβαλος, kobalos, which means "mine" and which may have common roots with kobold, goblin, and cobalt.

112
Copernicium
Cn
Polish via Latin
Copernicus, Nicolaus
Polish surname, literally: "copper nickel"
eponym: Nicolaus Copernicus
Named in honour of Nicolaus Copernicus. Ununbium was used as a temporary systematic element name, and it was referred to as eka-mercury.

29
Copper
Cu
Greek? via Latin, West Germanic, Old English, and Middle English[23]
Κύπριος (Kyprios)?
who/which is from Cyprus
toponym: Latin Cuprum
Possibly derived from Greek Κύπριος (Kyprios) (which comes from Κύπρος (Kypros), the Greek name of Cyprus) via Latin cuprum, West Germanic *kupar, Old English coper/copor, and Middle English coper. The Latin term, during the Roman Empire, was aes cyprium; "aes" was the generic term for copper alloys such as bronze). Cyprium means "Cyprus" or "which is from Cyprus", where so much of it was mined; it was simplified to cuprum and then eventually Anglicized as copper (Old English coper/copor).

96
Curium
Cm

Curie, Marie and Pierre

eponym: Pierre and Marie Curie and the -um ending
Named in honour of Marie and Pierre Curie, who discovered radium and researched radioactivity.

110
Darmstadtium
Ds
German
Darmstadt
proper name, literally: "intestine city"
toponym
Named for Darmstadt, where it was discovered (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, located in Wixhausen, a small suburb north of Darmstadt).
It has also been called eka-platinum and temporarily by IUPAC ununnilium (Uun).[24][25]

105
Dubnium
Db
Russian
Дубна (Dubna)

toponym
Named for Dubna (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, U.S.S.R.) where it was discovered. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley proposed hahnium (Ha), in honour of Otto Hahn, for his pioneering work in radioactivity and radiochemistry, but the proposal was rejected.
Unnilpentium was used as a temporary systematic element name.[12]

66
Dysprosium
Dy
Greek
δυσπρόσιτος (dysprositos)
hard to get at
descriptive
Derived from Greek δυσπρόσιτος (dysprositos), which means "hard to get at".

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

99
Einsteinium
Es
German
Einstein, Albert
German-Jewish surname, which means "one stone"
eponym
Named in honour of Albert Einstein, for his work on theoretical physics, which included the photoelectric effect.

68
Erbium
Er
Swedish
Ytterby
proper name, literally: "outer village"
toponym
Named after the village of Ytterby in Sweden, where large concentrations of yttria and erbia are located. Erbia and terbia were confused at this time. After 1860, what had been known as terbia was renamed erbia, and after 1877, what had been known as erbia was renamed terbia.

63
Europium
Eu
Ancient Greek
Εὐρώπη (Europe)
broad-faced or well-watered
toponym;
mythological
Named for Europe, where it was discovered. Europe was named after the fictional Phoenician princess Europa.

100
Fermium
Fm
Italian
Fermi, Enrico
Italian surname, from ferm- "fastener" and -i[26]
eponym
Named in honour of Enrico Fermi, who developed the first nuclear reactor, quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.
Unnilnilium would have been used as a temporary systematic element name if the IUPAC system had been in place at the time.[12]

114
Flerovium
Fl
Russian
Flerov, Georgy
Russian surname
eponym
Named in honour of Georgy Flyorov, who was at the forefront of Soviet nuclear physics and founder of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered.
Ununquadium was used as a temporary systematic element name.[12]

9
Fluorine
F
Latin
fluor
a flowing

From fluorspar, one of its compounds (calcium fluoride, CaF2).

87
Francium
Fr
French
France
proper name (Land of the Franks)
toponym
Named for France, where it was discovered (at the Curie Institute (Paris)).

64
Gadolinium
Gd

Gadolin, Johan

eponym
Named in honour of Johan Gadolin, who was one of the founders of Nordic chemistry research, discovered yttrium, and pioneered laboratory exercise teaching. (Gadolinite, the mineral, is also named for him.)

31
Gallium
Ga
Latin
Gallia
Gaul (Ancient France)
toponym
From Latin Gallia, which means Gaul (Ancient France), and also gallus, which means "rooster". The element was obtained as free metal by Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named gallium after France, his native land, and also, punningly, after himself, as Lecoq, which means "the rooster", or in Latin, gallus.
Gallium was called eka-aluminium by Mendeleev who predicted its existence.[25]

32
Germanium
Ge
Latin
Germania
Germany
toponym
From Latin Germania, which means "Germany". Germanium has also been called eka-silicon by Mendeleev.[25]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

79
Gold
Au
Anglo-Saxon via Middle English
gold

descriptive (colour): Latin aurum
From the Anglo-Saxon, "gold", from PIE *ghel- meaning "yellow/ bright".
Au is from Latin aurum, which means "shining dawn".[27]

72
Hafnium
Hf
Latin
Hafnia
Copenhagen
toponym
From Latin Hafnia, which means "Copenhagen" of Denmark.

108
Hassium
Hs
Latin
Hassia
Hesse
toponym
Derived from Latin Hassia, which means Hesse, the German state where it was discovered (at the Institute for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt).[12] It has also been called eka-osmium[25] and temporarily by IUPAC unniloctium (Uno).[12]

2
Helium
He
Greek
ἥλιος (hélios)
sun
astrological;
mythological
Named after the Greek ἥλιος (helios), which means "the sun" or the mythological sun-god.[18] It was first identified by its characteristic emission lines in the Sun's spectrum.

67
Holmium
Ho
Latin
Holmia
Stockholm
toponym
Derived from Latin Holmia, which means Stockholm.

1
Hydrogen
H
Greek via Latin and French
ὕδωρ (root: ὑδρ-) + -γενής (-genes)
water + begetter
descriptive
From French hydrogène[28] and Latin hydro- and -genes, derived from the Greek ὕδωρ γείνομαι (hydor geinomai), meaning "Ι beget water".

49
Indium
In
Greek via Latin and English
indigo

descriptive (colour)
Named after indigo, because of an indigo-coloured spectrum line. The English word indigo is from Spanish indico and Dutch indigo (from Portuguese endego), from Latin indicum "indigo," from Greek ἰνδικόν, indikon, "blue dye from India".

53
Iodine
I
Greek via French
ἰώδης (iodes)
violet
descriptive (colour)
Named after the Greek ἰώδης (iodes), which means "violet", because of the colour of the gaseous phase. This word was adapted as the French iode, which is the source of the English "iodine".[29]

77
Iridium
Ir
Greek via Latin
ἴρις (genitive: ἴριδος)
of rainbows
descriptive (colour)
Named after the Latin noun iris, which means "rainbow, iris plant, iris of the eye", because many of its salts are strongly coloured; Iris was originally the name of the goddess of rainbows and a messenger in Greek mythology.[18]

26
Iron
Fe
Anglo-Saxon via Middle English
īsern
(earlier: īren/īsen)
/yren/yron
holy metal or strong metal[30]
descriptive: Anglo-Saxon
From the Anglo-Saxon īsern which is derived from Proto-Germanic isarnan meaning "holy metal" or "strong metal".
The symbol Fe is from Latin ferrum, meaning "iron".

36
Krypton
Kr
Greek
κρυπτός (kryptos)
hidden
descriptive
From Greek κρυπτός (kryptos), which means "hidden one", because of its colourless, odorless, tasteless, gaseous properties, as well as its rarity in nature (like other noble gases).

57
Lanthanum
La
Greek
λανθάνειν (lanthanein)
to lie hidden

From Greek lanthanein, "to lie (hidden)".

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

103
Lawrencium
Lr

Lawrence, Ernest O.

eponym
Named in honour of Ernest O. Lawrence, who was involved in the development of the cyclotron.
The symbol has been Lr since 1963; formerly Lw was used. Unniltrium would have been used as a temporary systematic element name if the IUPAC system had been in place at the time.[12]

82
Lead
Pb
Anglo-Saxon
lead

The symbol Pb is from the Latin name plumbum, hence the English "plumbing".[18][31]

3
Lithium
Li
Greek
λίθος (lithos)
stone

From Greek λίθος (lithos) "stone", because it was discovered from a mineral while other common alkali metals (sodium and potassium) were discovered from plant tissue.

116
Livermorium
Lv
English
American surname

toponym
Named in honour of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which collaborated in the discovery and is in Livermore, California, in turn named after the rancher Robert Livermore.
Ununhexium was used as a temporary systematic element name.[12]

71
Lutetium
Lu
Latin
Lutetia
Paris
toponym
Named after the Latin Lutetia (Gaulish for "place of mud"), the city of Paris.[12]

12
Magnesium
Mg
Greek
Μαγνησία (Magnesia)

toponym
From the Ancient Greek Μαγνησία (Magnesia) (district in Thessaly), where discovered.

25
Manganese
Mn
Greek via Latin, Italian, and French
Μαγνησία
(Magnesia;
Medieval Latin: magnesia)
Magnesia
descriptive
From Latin Magnesia, ultimately from Greek; Magnesia evolved into "manganese" in Italian and into "manganèse" in French.

109
Meitnerium
Mt

Meitner, Lise

eponym
Named in honour of Lise Meitner, who shared discovery of nuclear fission.[12] It has also been called eka-iridium[25] and temporarily by IUPAC unnilennium (Une).[12]

101
Mendelevium
Md

Mendeleyev, Dmitri

eponym
Named in honour of Dmitri Mendeleyev, who invented periodic table.[32] It has also been called eka-thulium[25] and would have been temporarily called, by IUPAC, unnilunium (Unu) if the IUPAC system had been in place at the time.[12]

80
Mercury
Hg
Latin
Mercurius
Mercury
mythological
Named after Mercury, the god of speed and messenger of the Gods, as was the planet Mercury named after the god.
The symbol Hg is from the Greek words ὕδωρ and ἀργυρός (hydor and argyros), which became the Latin hydrargyrum; both mean "water-silver", because it is a liquid like water (at room temperature), and has a silvery metallic sheen.[18][33]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

42
Molybdenum
Mo
Greek
μόλυβδος (molybdos)
lead-like
descriptive
From Greek μόλυβδος (molybdos), "lead".

115
Moscovium
Mc
Latin
Moscovia
Moscow
toponym
Named after Moscow Oblast, where the element was discovered. It has also been called eka-bismuth[25] and temporarily by IUPAC ununpentium (Uut).[12]

60
Neodymium
Nd
Greek
νέος δίδυμος (neos didymos)
new twin
descriptive
Derived from Greek νέος διδύμος (neos didymos), which means "new twin", because didymium separated into praseodymium and neodymium. The metals have different-coloured salts, which helps distinguish them.[34]

10
Neon
Ne
Greek
νέος (neos)
new

From Greek "νέος" (neos), which means "new".

93
Neptunium
Np
Latin
Neptunus
Neptune
astrological;
mythological
Named for Neptune, the planet. (The planet was named after the god Neptune, the god of oceans in Roman mythology.)[18]

28
Nickel
Ni
Swedish via German[35]
Kopparnickel/
Kupfernickel
copper-coloured ore
descriptive
From the Swedish kopparnickel, meaning "copper-coloured ore"; this referred to the ore niccolite from which it was obtained.[36]

113
Nihonium
Nh
Japanese
日本 (Nihon)
Japan
toponym
Named after Japan, where the element was discovered. It has also been called eka-thallium[25] and temporarily by IUPAC ununtrium (Uut).[12]

41
Niobium
Nb
Greek
Νιόβη (Niobe)
snowy
mythological
Named after Niobe, daughter of Tantalus in Classical mythology.[12][18]
The alternate name columbium comes from Columbia, personification of America.

7
Nitrogen
N
Greek via Latin and French
νίτρον (Latin: nitrum) -γενής (-genes)
native-soda begetter
descriptive
From French "nitrogène",[37] derived from Greek νίτρον γείνομαι (nitron geinomai), meaning "I form/beget native-soda (niter)".[38]
Also used was azoth, from Andalusian Arabic al-zuq, from the Classical Arabic name of the element.

102
Nobelium
No

Nobel, Alfred

eponym
Named in honour of Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite and instituted the Nobel Prizes foundation.
Unnilbium would have been used as a temporary systematic element name if the IUPAC system had been in place at the time.[12]

118
Oganesson
Og
Russian
Оганесян (Oganessian)
Yuri Oganessian
eponym
Named after Yuri Oganessian, a great contributor to the field of synthesizing superheavy elements. It has also been called eka-radon[25] and temporarily by IUPAC ununoctium (Uuo).[12]

76
Osmium
Os
Greek via Modern Latin
ὀσμή (osme)
a smell
descriptive
From Greek ὀσμή (osme), meaning "a smell"; the tetroxide is foul-smelling.

8
Oxygen
O
Greek via French
ὀξύ γείνομαι (oxy geinomai)/oxygène
to bring forth acid

From Greek ὀξύ γείνομαι (oxy geinomai), which means "Ι bring forth acid", as it was believed to be an essential component of acids. This phrase was corrupted into the French oxygène, which became the source of the English "oxygen".[39]

46
Palladium
Pd
Greek via Latin
Παλλάς (genitive: Παλλάδος) (Pallas)
little maiden[40]
astrological;
mythological
Named after Pallas, the asteroid discovered two years earlier. (The asteroid was named after Pallas Athena, goddess of wisdom and victory.)[18] The word Palladium is derived from Greek Παλλάδιον and is the neuter version of Παλλάδιος, meaning "of Pallas".[41]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

15
Phosphorus
P
Greek via Latin[42]
φῶς + -φόρος (phos + -phoros)
light-bearer
descriptive
From Greek φῶς + -φόρος (phos + phoros), which means "light bearer", because white phosphorus emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen.
Phosphorus was the ancient name for Venus, or Hesperus, the (Morning Star).[18]

78
Platinum
Pt
Spanish via Modern Latin
platina (del Pinto)
little silver (of the Pinto River)[43]
descriptive
From the Spanish, platina, which means "little silver", because it was first encountered in a silver mine. Platina can also mean "stage (of a microscope)", and the modern Spanish is platino. Platina is a diminutive of plata (silver); it is a loan word from French plate or Provençal plata (sheet of metal) and is the origin of the English "plate".[44]

94
Plutonium
Pu
Greek via Latin
Πλούτων (Ploutōn) via Pluto
god of wealth[45]
astrological;
mythological
Named after Pluto, the dwarf planet, because it was discovered directly after Neptunium and is higher than Uranium in the periodic table, so by analogy with the ordering of the planets. (The planet Pluto was named after Pluto, a Greek god of the dead)[18] Πλούτων (Ploutōn) is related to the Greek word πλοῦτος (ploutos) meaning "wealth".

84
Polonium
Po
Latin
Polonia
Poland
toponym
Named after Poland, homeland of discoverer Marie Curie. Was also called radium F.

19
Potassium
K
Modern Latin via Dutch and English[46]
potassa; potasch via potash[47]
pot-ash

From the English "potash", which means "pot-ash" (potassium compound prepared from an alkali extracted in a pot from the ash of burnt wood or tree leaves).
Potash is a literal translation of the German Potaschen, which means "pot ashes".[46] The symbol K is from the Latin name kalium, from Arabic القلي (al qalīy), which means "calcined ashes".

59
Praseodymium
Pr
Greek
πράσιος δίδυμος (prasios didymos)
green twin
descriptive
From Greek πράσιος δίδυμος (prasios didymos), meaning "green twin", because didymium separated into praseodymium and neodymium, with salts of different colours; praseodymium oxide is green.

61
Promethium
Pm
Greek
Προμηθεύς (Prometheus)
forethought[48]
mythological
Named after Prometheus, who stole the fire of heaven and gave it to mankind (in Classical mythology).[18]

91
Protactinium
Pa
Greek
πρῶτος + ἀκτίς
first beam element
descriptive?
Derived from former name protoactinium, from the Greek prefix proto "first" + Neo-Latin actinium from Greek ἀκτίς (gen.: ἀκτῖνος) "ray" + Latin -ium.[49]

88
Radium
Ra
Latin via French
radius
ray
descriptive
From Latin radius meaning "ray", because of its radioactivity.

86
Radon
Rn
Latin via German and English[50]
Radium

Contraction of radium emanation, since the element appears in the radioactive decay of radium.
An alternative, rejected name was niton (Nt), from Latin nitens "shining", because of the radioluminescence of radon.

75
Rhenium
Re
Latin
Rhenus
Rhine
toponym
From Latin Rhenus, the river Rhine.

45
Rhodium
Rh
Greek
ῥόδον (rhodon)
rose
descriptive (colour)
From Greek ῥόδον (rhodon), which means "rose". From rose-red compounds.

111
Roentgenium
Rg

Röntgen,
Wilhelm Conrad

eponym
Named in honour of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who produced and detected X-rays. It has also been called eka-gold[25] and temporarily by IUPAC unununium (Uuu).[12]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

37
Rubidium
Rb
Latin
rubidus
deepest red
descriptive (colour)
From Latin rubidus, which means "deepest red", because of the colour of a spectral line.

44
Ruthenium
Ru
Latin
Ruthenia
Ruthenia, Kievan Rus' [51]
toponym
From Latin Ruthenia, geographical exonym for Kievan Rus'.

104
Rutherfordium
Rf

Rutherford, Ernest

eponym
Named in honour of Baron Ernest Rutherford, who pioneered the Bohr model of the atom. Rutherfordium has also been called kurchatovium (Ku), named in honour of Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov, who helped develop understanding of the uranium chain reaction and the nuclear reactor.
Unnilquadium was used as a temporary systematic element name.[12]

62
Samarium
Sm

Samarsky-Bykhovets, Vasili

eponym
Named after samarskite, the mineral. (Samarskite was named after Colonel Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets, a Russian mine official.)

21
Scandium
Sc
Latin
Scandia
Scandinavia
toponym
Named from Latin Scandia, which means Scandinavia; formerly eka-boron.[25]

106
Seaborgium
Sg
Swedish via English
Seaborg, Glenn Teodor
Swedish surname, literally: "Lake Mountain"
eponym
Named in honour of Glenn T. Seaborg, who discovered the chemistry of the transuranium elements, shared in the discovery and isolation of ten elements, and developed and proposed the actinide series. Other names: eka-tungsten[25] and temporarily by IUPAC unnilhexium (Unh).[12]

34
Selenium
Se
Greek
σελήνη (selene)
moon
astrological;
mythological
From Greek σελήνη (selene), which means "Moon", and also moon-goddess Selene.[18]

14
Silicon
Si
Latin
silex, -icis
flint
descriptive
From Latin "silex" or "silicis", which means "flint", a kind of stone (chiefly silicon dioxide).

47
Silver
Ag
Akkadian via Anglo-Saxon and Middle English
𒊭𒁺𒁍/𒊭𒅈𒇥; siolfor/seolfor
to refine, smelt
Latin argentum
From the Anglo-Saxon, seolfor which was derived from Proto-Germanic *silubra-; compare Old High German silabar; and has cognates in Balto-Slavic languages: Church Slavonic: sĭrebro, Lithuanian: sidabras, Old Prussian sirablan. Possibly borrowed from Akkadian 𒊭𒅈𒇥 sarpu "refined silver" and related to 𒊭𒁺𒁍 sarapu "to refine, smelt".[52] Alternatively, possibly from one of the Pre-Indo-European languages, compare Basque: zilar.
The symbol Ag is from the Latin name argentum, which is derived from PIE *arg-ent-.

11
Sodium
Na
English
soda

From the English "soda", used in names for sodium compounds such as caustic soda, soda ash, and baking soda. Probably from Italian sida (or directly from Medieval Latin soda) "a kind of saltwort," from which soda was obtained, of uncertain origin.[53]

The symbol Na is from the Modern Latin noun natrium, derived from Greek νίτρον (nítron), "natural soda, a kind of salt" + Latin -ium.[54] The original source is either the Arabic word نطرون natrun or the Egyptian word

netjeri.[55]

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

38
Strontium
Sr
Scottish Gaelic via English
Sròn an t-Sìthein; Strontian
proper name (literally: "nose [i.e., 'point'] of the fairy hill)"
toponym
Named after strontianite, the mineral. (Strontianite was named after the town of Strontian, the source of the mineral in Scotland.)

16
Sulfur
S
Latin

Proto-Indo-European
Old Latin sulpur
(later sulphur, sulfur)

PIE *swépl̥
(genitive *sulplós),
nominal derivative of *swelp.[56]
> PIE *swelp 'to burn'
Latin sulfur
The word came into Middle English from Anglo-Norman sulfre, itself derived through Old French soulfre from Late Latin sulfur.[57]

73
Tantalum
Ta
Greek
Τάνταλος (Tantalus)
Tantalus; possibly "the bearer" or "the sufferer"[58]
mythological
Named after the Greek Τάνταλος ("Tantalus"), who was punished after death by being condemned to stand knee-deep in water. If he bent to drink the water, it drained below the level he could reach (in Greek mythology). This was considered similar to tantalum's general non-reactivity (that is, "unreachability") because of its inertness (it sits among reagents and is unaffected by them).[18]

43
Technetium
Tc
Greek
τεχνητός (technetos)
artificial
descriptive
From Greek τεχνητός (technetos), which means "artificial", because it was the first artificially produced element. Technetium has also been called eka-manganese.[25]

52
Tellurium
Te
Latin
Tellus
Earth

From Latin tellus ("Earth").

117
Tennessine
Ts
Cherokee via English
Tennessee
Tennessee
toponym
Named after Tennessee (itself named after the Cherokee village of ᏔᎾᏏ /tanasi/), where important work for one of the steps to synthesise the element was done. It has also been called eka-astatine[25] and temporarily by IUPAC ununseptium (Uut).[12]

65
Terbium
Tb
Swedish
Ytterby
Proper name (literally: outer village)
toponym
Named after Ytterby, the village in Sweden where the element was first discovered.

81
Thallium
Tl
Greek
θαλλός (thallos)
green twig
descriptive
From Greek θαλλός (thallos), which means "a green shoot (twig)", because of its bright-green spectral emission lines.

90
Thorium
Th
Old Norse
Þōrr (modern English Thor)
thunder
mythological
Named after Thor, a god associated with thunder in Norse mythology.[18]
The former name ionium (Io) was given early in the study of radioactive elements to the 230Th isotope.

Element
Language of origin
Original word
Meaning
Symbol origin
Description

69
Thulium
Tm
Greek
Θούλη, Θύλη[59]
a mythical country
mythological
Named after Thule, an ancient Roman and Greek name (Θούλη, Θύλη) for a mythical country in the far north, perhaps Scandinavia. By the same token, thulia, its oxide.

50
Tin
Sn
Anglo-Saxon via Middle English
tin

Borrowed from a Proto-Indo-European language, and has cognates in several Germanic and Celtic languages.[60]
The symbol Sn is from its Latin name stannum.

22
Titanium
Ti
Greek
Τιτάν
Titan
(gen.: Τιτάνος)
Earth
mythological
From Greek τιτάν (titan), which means "Earth", and also "Titans", the first sons of Gaia in Greek mythology.[18]

74
Tungsten
W
Swedish and Danish
tung sten
heavy stone
descriptive
From the Swedish and Danish "tung sten", which means "heavy stone". The symbol W is from the scientific name wolfram. The element's ore, wolframite, was named in honour of Peter Woulfe, who discovered its existence. The names wolfram or volfram are still used in Swedish and several other languages.
[12]

92
Uranium
U
Greek via Latin
Οὐρανός (Ouranos); Uranus
sky
astrological;
mythological
Named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier in 1781. The planet was named after the god Uranus, the god of sky and heaven in Greek mythology.[18]

23
Vanadium
V
Old Norse
Vanadís
"Dís of the Vanir"
mythological
From Vanadís, one of the names of the Vanr goddess Freyja in Norse mythology, because of multicoloured chemical compounds deemed beautiful.[18]

54
Xenon
Xe
Greek
ξένος (xenos)
foreign

From the Greek adjective ξένος (xenos), which means "foreign, a stranger".

70
Ytterbium
Yb
Swedish
Ytterby
proper name, literally: "outer village"
toponym
Named after ytterbia, the (oxide) compound of ytterbium. (The compound ytterbia was named after Ytterby, the Swedish village (near Vaxholm) where the mineral gadolinite was also found.)[12]

39
Yttrium
Y
Swedish
Ytterby
proper name, literally: "outer village"
toponym
Named after yttria, the (oxide) compound of yttrium. (The compound yttria was named after Ytterby, the village where the mineral gadolinite was also found.)[12]

30
Zinc
Zn
German
Zink
Cornet

From German Zink which is related to Zinken "prong, point", probably alluding to its spiky crystals. May be derived from Old Persian.

40
Zirconium
Zr
Syriac/Persian via Arabic and German
ܙܐܪܓܥܢܥ zargono,[61] زرگون (zargûn)
gold-like

From Arabic زركون (zarkûn). Derived from the Persian, زرگون (zargûn), which means "gold-like". Zirkon is the German variant of these and is the origin of the English "zircon".[62]