document_title: The Greatest Showman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

question_text: who sings the songs for the greatest showman

text: Release[edit]

text: The first pre-order release was on October 26, 2017 with the soundtrack released in full on December 8, 2017 by Atlantic Records.[1]

text: It debuted at #71 on Billboard 200, and later stayed at number one for two weeks.[15] On January 7, 2018, the soundtrack had been on the top of the Billboard 200 for two weeks, reaching #1 in its fourth week of availability. It had sold 106,000 copies.[16] In the third week it became #2. The Greatest Showman beat that week's top album in traditional album sales (70,000 vs. 65,000) and was the top-selling album of the week, but didn't top the Billboard 200 due to TEA units and SEA units.[17] By February 7, 2018, the soundtrack was a breakout hit at #1 on the UK album charts and #2 in the United States.[18] On February 8, 2018, Stereogum published an article writing that "statistically speaking, The Greatest Showman is by far the most popular album of the year so far."[19]

text: By February 27, it was the top album on iTunes.[15] By March 23, 2018, it had been the number one in the UK for eleven straight weeks, more than "any other album in modern chart history except Adele's 21." It had sold 465,000 copies, with around 40% of those sales on CD and vinyl.[20] By April 6 the album climbed back up the charts for its 12th non-consecutive week at number one.[21]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The album was selected for the 2017 Oprah's Favorite Things list.[22] By February 23, 2018, the track "This Is Me" was nominated for Best Original Song at the 2018 Academy Awards.[23] According to Sky News on March 25, 2018, "music critics have put the album's success down to the feel-good, uplifting pop tunes which are also old school at the same time."[24]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com called the 11 songs "memorable," praising the vocal performances of the leads.[25] The women's magazine Bustle gave it a positive review, particularly certain vocal performances.[26] Stereogum described the soundtrack music as eclectic in its influences, giving it a negative reception for "[serving] up earnest buoyancy in many high-fructose flavors."[19] Also noting the eclectic mix of musical genres, The Ringer writes that "the bombastic tunes mix EDM gleams with stadium-rock grunts, chest-pounding ballads with peppy empowerment anthems, a thoroughly modern and disconcertingly eager post-genre assault designed to barnstorm as many Spotify playlists as possible. It’s a gilded cheese ball, pushing exhilaration to the point of exhaustion."[27] The Guardian wrote that the album brought "a whole lot of self-empowerment, enlivened with some deracinated R&B beats, and given the necessary gravitas by some power ballads of the sort that make one imagine the singer filmed from below with a wind machine blowing in their face."[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref(s)

Golden Globe Awards

January 7, 2018

Best Original Song – Motion Picture

"This Is Me"  – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Won

[12]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards

January 11, 2018

Best Song

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[13]

Classic Brit Awards

June 14, 2018

Best Soundtrack

The Greatest Showman – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Won

[28]

Academy Awards

March 4, 2018

Best Original Song

"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Nominated

[14][29]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Pasek & Paul.

text: No.TitlePerformed byLength1."The Greatest Show"Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya5:022."A Million Dreams"Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams4:293."A Million Dreams (Reprise)"Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman1:004."Come Alive"Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya3:455."The Other Side"Jackman & Efron3:346."Never Enough"Loren Allred3:277."This Is Me"Settle3:548."Rewrite the Stars"Efron & Zendaya3:379."Tightrope"Williams3:5410."Never Enough (Reprise)"Allred1:2011."From Now On"Jackman5:49Total length:39:51

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Greatest Showman.[30]

text:
Soundtrack album producers: Greg Wells, Justin Paul, Benj Pasek
All tracks mixed by Greg Wells, except track 7 mixed by Manny Marroquin
Executive music producer: Alex Lacamoire
Music producers: Alex Lacamoire, Adam Gubman, Chris Leon, Ryan Lewis, Benj Pasek, Justin Paul, Ricky Reed, Jake Sinclair, Joseph Trapanese, Greg Wells
Production music supervisors: Benj Pasek & Justin Paul
Music coordinator: Jordan Carroll
Music production supervisor: Ethan Popp
Associate music production supervisor: Jason Michael Webb
Music supervisor: Mark White
Supervising musician and vocal contractor: Sandy Park
Supervising vocal producer: Liz Caplan
Vocal producers and coaches: Justin Paul, Carmen Key, Patrick Vaccariello
Vocal arrangements: Justin Paul
Supervising music editor: Jennifer Monnar
On set music copyist: Benjamin Lively
Soundtrack album producers for Atlantic Records: Kevin Weaver and Pete Ganbarg
A&R contribution: Brandon Davis
Marketing for Atlantic Records: David Grant
Project coordinator for Atlantic Records: Kellie Gentry
Business and legal affairs for Atlantic Records: Ben Landry
A&R administration for Atlantic Records: Aryanna Platt
Art direction for Atlantic Records: Mark Obriski
Executive in charge of music for Twentieth Century Fox: Danielle Diego
Music supervised for Twentieth Century Fox: Anton Monsted
Music production supervised for Twentieth Century Fox: Rebecca Morellato and Brianne Porcaro
Business affairs for Twentieth Century Fox: Thomas Cavanaugh and Lauren Caruso
Music clearance for Twentieth Century Fox: Ellen Ginsburg

text: Charts[edit]

text: Album[edit]

text:
Chart (2017–18)

Peak position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[31]

1

Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[32]

11

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[33]

4

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[34]

43

Canadian Albums (Billboard)[35]

3

Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[36]

16

Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[37]

8

Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[38]

5

Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[39]

3

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[40]

5

Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[41]

34

Irish Albums (IRMA)[42]

1

Italian Compilation Albums (FIMI)[43]

1

Japan Hot Albums (Billboard)[44]

1

Japanese Albums (Oricon)[45]

1

Japanese International Albums (Oricon)[46]

1

New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[47]

1

Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[48]

2

Scottish Albums (OCC)[49]

1

South Korean Albums (Gaon)[50]

17

South Korean International Albums (Gaon)[51]

2

Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[52]

11

Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[53]

4

Taiwanese Albums (Five Music)[54]

1

UK Albums (OCC)[55]

1

UK Soundtrack Albums (OCC)[56]

1

US Billboard 200[57]

1

US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[58]

1

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region

Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[59]

Platinum

70,000^

Canada (Music Canada)[60]

Gold

40,000^

Japan (RIAJ)[61]

Gold

100,000^

New Zealand (RMNZ)[62]

Platinum

15,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[63]

3× Platinum

931,000[64]

United States (RIAA)[65]

Platinum

1,081,000[66]

^shipments figures based on certification alonesales+streaming figures based on certification alone

text: Songs[edit]

text:
List of songs, with selected chart positions and available certifications

Title

Performer(s)

Peak chart positions

Certifications

US[67]

AUS[68]

CAN[69]

IRE [70]

FRA [71]

NZ [72]

SPA [73]

UK [74]

"The Greatest Show"

Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Keala Settle, Zendaya, and The Greatest Showman Ensemble

88
42
—
34
110
—[A]
—
20

ARIA: Gold[76]
BPI: Gold[77]
RIAA: Gold[78]

"A Million Dreams"

Ziv Zaifman, Hugh Jackman, and Michelle Williams

—[B]
—
—
45
199
—[C]
—
22

BPI: Gold[77]
RIAA: Gold[80]

"A Million Dreams (Reprise)"

Hugh Jackman, Austyn Johnson and Cameron Seely

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

BPI: Silver[77]

"Come Alive"

Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zendaya, and Daniel Everidge

—[D]
—
—
70
—
—[E]
—
55

BPI: Silver[77]

"The Other Side"

Hugh Jackman and Zac Efron

—[F]
—
—
54
—
—[G]
—
48

BPI: Gold[77]
RIAA: Gold[81]

"Never Enough"

Loren Allred

88
—
—
39
97
—[H]
81
24

BPI: Gold[82]

"This Is Me"

Keala Settle and The Greatest Showman Ensemble

58
10
74
11
52
13
66
3

ARIA: 2× Platinum[76]
BPI: Platinum[83]
MC: Gold[84]
RIAA: Platinum[85]
RMNZ: Gold[86]

"Rewrite the Stars"

Zac Efron and Zendaya

70
24
71
21
115
32
82
16

ARIA: Platinum[76]
BPI: Gold[87]
MC: Gold[88]
RIAA: Gold[89]

"Tightrope"

Michelle Williams

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

BPI: Silver[90]

"Never Enough (Reprise)"

Loren Allred

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

"From Now On"

Hugh Jackman and The Greatest Showman Ensemble

—[I]
—
—
65
—
—[J]
—
—

BPI: Silver[77]

"—" denotes a recording that did not chart.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Show" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 3 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

Jump up ^ "A Million Dreams" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 1 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[79]

Jump up ^ "A Million Dreams" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 7 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

Jump up ^ "Come Alive" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[79]

Jump up ^ "Come Alive" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 8 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

Jump up ^ "The Other Side" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 6 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[79]

Jump up ^ "The Other Side" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 6 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

Jump up ^ "Never Enough" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 5 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

Jump up ^ "From Now On" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 20 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.[79]

Jump up ^ "From Now On" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 9 on the NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart.[75]

tag: ol


document_title: Mr. Big (Sex and the City)

question_text: where did big live in sex and the city

question_tokens: where did big live in sex and the city

root

text: Mr. Big (Sex and the City)

text: Pilot episode[edit]

text: "Big" appears in the first episode of Sex and the City as a very attractive stranger who helps Carrie pick up the contents of her purse (notably cosmetics and condoms) after she is accidentally bumped by a stranger on the streets of Manhattan. The nickname "Big" refers to his status as a "major tycoon, major dreamboat, and majorly out of [Carrie's] league". (His real name is not revealed to viewers until the final episode of the series; in a running joke, whenever Carrie is about to introduce Mr. Big to another character onscreen, she is interrupted before she can say his name.) When Carrie and her friend Samantha bump into Big at a nightclub, Samantha tries to hit on him, but he tactfully declines. In the first few episodes, he and Carrie frequently bump into one another, until finally Big suggests the two of them should "bump into one another on purpose". Carrie agrees and thus begins their on-again-off-again relationship. Big calls Carrie by the nickname "Kid". When Carrie asks Big if he has ever been in love, he replies, "Ab-so-fucking-lutely".

tag: p

text: Story arc[edit]

text: Carrie eventually falls in love with Big, despite his fear of commitment. His reserved communication on relationship issues and Carrie's coping with the ambiguity are a frequent plot device. Carrie repeatedly returns to the relationship even though he is clearly emotionally unavailable to her and unable to meet her needs. Although it appears Mr. Big was emotionally crippled by a series of failed relationships, the subject is often glossed over as him simply being selfish. Mr. Big's tendency to take major emotional steps in the relationship more slowly than Carrie is often portrayed as emotional unavailability rather than the caution born of a repeatedly broken heart. Carrie's misinterpretation of Mr. Big's inner turmoil as unreachable distance often creates larger issues because of her misplaced feelings of unworthiness, and due to her propensity for not communicating truthfully until too late, results in a lot of painful misunderstandings. Carrie accepts no responsibility for her impatience and lack of empathy, often issuing ultimatums(I.e. first break-up), and Big can't shed his ingrained emotional pessimism to fully embrace Carrie as a partner. They break up repeatedly, over the course of two years for those reasons, before Big marries a gorgeous twenty-six-year-old socialite and Ralph Lauren employee named Natasha (Bridget Moynahan) after dating her for only five months. This hurts Carrie, as she wonders why he could take steps with Natasha that he refused to take with Carrie. It becomes obvious later that Mr. Big had simply skipped many of the important emotional steps before marriage, many of which he had definitely, if slowly, taken with Carrie, ironically creating the problems of distance and unavailability between Big and Natasha, which Carrie had so feared in their own relationship.

text: Within seven months of his marriage, he begins to chafe at his matrimonial bonds and pines for Carrie; he initiates an affair with her. Carrie, who is in a committed relationship (with Aidan Shaw) at the time, feels guilty but continues to see Big. The affair continues until Natasha comes home unexpectedly and discovers Carrie fleeing - half dressed - from the marital apartment. Natasha trips and breaks her tooth while chasing after Carrie, who ends up taking Natasha to the emergency room. As a result, Carrie ends the affair. Carrie later finds out that Big and Natasha have divorced.

text: Big and Carrie eventually become close friends. He relocates to Napa Valley, and they are able to discuss their other ongoing relationships with each other. But their sexual chemistry always remains just below the surface, and their friendship never remains strictly platonic. After reading Carrie's book, Big begins to understand how much he has hurt her, and he empathizes further when a woman he is dating treats him in a fashion similar to the way Big has treated Carrie: at arm's length, eschewing true intimacy. The relationship between Big and the celebrity is certainly a parallel between Carrie/Big, except that the celebrity refuses physical intimacy one-sidedly, ignoring Big's overtures except when it suits her, whereas Carrie/Big's problems were almost completely emotional and undeniably two sided. Although it ends up allowing Big to finally get past his inner pain, the comparison is rather crude. Big grows as an emotional being, changing and evolving as the series progresses, moving past innate pain to suit Carrie's needs better, ostensibly becoming a "better man."

text: Big seems to have no real friends, at least in New York. He is rarely shown with other males, and when he is, they are usually credited as colleagues or acquaintances. At one scene he is shown to spend New Year's Eve celebration alone, sitting at a restaurant, but seems to feel comfortable with the situation.

text: Series finale[edit]

text: The series finale, "An American Girl in Paris", ties together the loose ends of Carrie and Big's relationship and concludes their long, unconventional courtship. Absent for most of season six, Big suddenly reappears in Carrie's life near the end of the season, once again at the wrong time. At this point, Carrie has grown tired and frustrated with Big's inconsistency and rebuffs him, but also realizes her behavior towards him has often pushed him away. However, Big is desperate to win Carrie back. The season finale depicts his attempt to reunite with her.

text: The series finale takes place over two episodes in which Carrie moves to Paris with her current boyfriend, Russian artist Aleksandr Petrovsky (played by Mikhail Baryshnikov). In the first half of the finale, "An American Girl in Paris Part Une", Big shows up outside Carrie's apartment in New York after she fails to return his phone calls. She is on her way to her last dinner with the girls before departing for Paris. Big attempts to invite Carrie to dinner and drinks in order to apologize for the way he treated her, only to be turned down. Carrie explains that she is moving to Paris with a man she's in a relationship with. Big ironically asks Carrie when she was going to tell him that she was moving to Paris, a reference to the time earlier in their relationship when Big moved to Napa and almost didn't tell Carrie. Big teases her about moving to Paris with a Russian and then tries to tell her that she's "The One". Carrie loses her temper and tells Big that she is tired of having him interrupt her life and ruin her happiness for the past six years. Then she rushes off to meet her friends for dinner, leaving Big alone and confused on the street.

text: When Charlotte stops by Carrie's apartment one day, she hears Big leaving a message on Carrie's answering machine, asking her for one last chance. Charlotte picks up and invites him to meet with her, Miranda, and Samantha. At a restaurant, he asks them if they think Carrie really is happy and if he has any shot of winning her back. After much deliberation, with Carrie's current situation and her history with Big in the forefront of their minds, Miranda tells him to "go get our girl". Mr. Big then does not appear again until the second installment of the finale, "An American Girl in Paris Part Deux".

text: Meanwhile, Carrie is distraught and unhappy in her relationship with Aleksandr. She passes Big in his limo on the street in Paris while looking for a cab, but neither of them see each other. Big appears to be searching for Carrie, but the limo rides on and Carrie continues on her way.

text: Big reappears in Carrie's hotel lobby at just the right moment, as Carrie is squatting down, tearfully gathering up stray diamonds from her broken necklace. She is waiting for a new hotel room, as she just walked out on Aleksandr after a big fight. Big comes through the door and as Carrie looks up and sees him, she begins to cry. She explains that everything is a mess and Paris isn't what she thought it would be. Then she tells Big that Alexandr slapped her during an argument. Big becomes protective and immediately begins climbing the stairs to Aleksandr's room to reprimand him (or as he puts it, "kick some Russian ass"). In a desperate attempt to stop him, Carrie trips him and they both fall to the floor, laughing hysterically. They give up seeking out Petrovsky and take a romantic stroll in Paris. He finally tells her she's the one and she asks him to take her home to New York. They arrive at Carrie's apartment late at night and she asks him if he wants to come up. He answers with a memorable line he used in the first episode ("abso-fucking-lutely"), which reminds the audience that he is still, in fact, the confident, sexy Big that Carrie has been in love with from day one.

text: His real name, John, is finally revealed on Carrie's cell phone caller ID after she returns to the city and he calls to tell her he is closing the sale of his Napa estate and returning to New York. Executive producer Michael Patrick King has stated that by never revealing his real name, Big remained "always slightly out of reach" for Carrie, and this plot device is maintained throughout the entire run of the series. Although we see his name in that final shot, Michael Patrick King makes a point (in the DVD commentary) that we never hear it spoken in the series.

text: Feature films[edit]

text: In the feature film Sex and the City: The Movie, Carrie and Big decide to marry, after Carrie brings it up when she starts to feel anxious about her relationship's status. She has just returned from an auction of jewelry from the collection of a woman (who was the long-time girlfriend of a wealthy man) who was abruptly dumped and thrown out of the apartment she'd shared with him for many years. The cautionary tale worries Carrie, so Big proposes in order for Carrie to have legal rights to the fabulous penthouse they are purchasing together. However, their plans for a simple wedding balloon out of control after Vogue decides to feature her in a wedding gown in the magazine. The twice-divorced Big feels it has degenerated into a "circus", with hundreds of guests, unwanted publicity, and a tremendous designer wedding gown taking over the original plan for a small, private ceremony. An ill-thought comment from the just-separated and upset Miranda rattles him further. Just before the ceremony Big gives in to cold feet and bails, but rethinks the decision minutes later and rushes back. He intercepts Carrie as she is leaving the ceremony. A broken-hearted and humiliated Carrie attacks him with her bouquet, shrieking "I knew you would do this!" He repeatedly attempts to apologize and explain then and after, but Carrie ignores his letters and emails, and they spend months apart (close to a year) with no contact whatsoever.

text: When Carrie hires an assistant, Louise, she instructs her to "put Big in a place where she never has to hear from him again." So Louise creates a folder in Carrie's e-mail that is password protected and Big's many e-mails are saved in the secret folder. Charlotte later gives birth to a baby—her water breaking while she is yelling at Big for breaking Carrie's heart. Big takes her to the hospital and stays until the baby is born, hoping to run into Carrie. When Carrie arrives at the hospital, they tell her the tale. Harry reveals that Big begged her to call him, and that he's written her many letters. Puzzled, Carrie goes home and scours her mail, realizing that his e-mails are in Louise's secret folder. She guesses the password and finds that Big has re-written numerous love letters by poets, and one from himself promising to love her forever. Carrie's assistant reminds her that she left a pair of never-worn Manolo Blahnik shoes in the penthouse that she and Big owned, and that the locks will be changed for the new owners that day. Carrie rushes over to the penthouse to find Big there, holding her shoes. She runs into his arms as she can no longer deny her still very strong love for him. Carrie narrates, "It wasn't logic; it was love," and the two quietly marry at New York City Hall.

text: In Sex and the City 2 Carrie always wants to go out, while Mr. Big would prefer to stay home and watch television some evenings. After Carrie returns to her old apartment to work on an assignment and their reunion is particularly sweet, Big proposes to be separated for two days in the week, with one of them staying in Carrie's old apartment, which she has always kept. Carrie agrees, despite misgivings and questioning by Charlotte.

text: In Abu Dhabi, Carrie runs into her former love Aidan. Carrie and Aidan dated twice. They broke up the first time because Carrie and Big had an affair. They broke up a second time because Aidan still couldn't trust her after all that time due to her affair with Big, and after Aidan proposes, marriage doesn't sit well with Carrie, so the two break off their engagement. Aidan is now married with three boys and is in Abu Dhabi on business. The two agree to meet for dinner, despite warnings from Charlotte, who feels that Carrie is "playing with fire". Aidan and Carrie kiss before Carrie breaks away and runs to her hotel. Distraught about what to do, she eventually calls Big to confess to the kiss. He becomes distant and won't return her phone calls.

text: When Carrie returns to New York, the apartment is empty and she sits all day waiting for Big to come home. He finally returns that evening with her "punishment:: Carrie must wear a black diamond ring to remind herself that she is married. The two reconcile and kiss. The film concludes with a montage of scenes from the girls' lives - Big and Carrie have successfully combined their desires and interests, and the two are content as their married life has grown past the "Terrible Twos".

text: Avoiding the name[edit]

text: One interesting moment in the episode "Easy Come, Easy Go" (season three) involves Carrie running into Big and Natasha at a furniture show, shortly after Carrie begins dating Aidan Shaw (Carrie quips that she is Aidan's "Booth Bitch"). After introducing her boyfriend, Carrie is about to introduce Big (presumably by name), when she nervously spills coffee on him instead, derailing the scene and thereby avoiding having to reveal the mystery of Big's name for the audience.

text: When Carrie asks him on the phone " who is this", he simply says "how have you been?"

text: In the episode "Defining Moments" in season four, Carrie begins introducing Big to the jazz musician, Ray King (played by Craig Bierko), but is interrupted when Ray tells Big that his drink is "running low".

text: In "The Caste System", Carrie is asked by Jeremiah, a waiter at a party, who she is with. Angered at Big at this time, Carrie simply responds, "Some guy."

text: In the episode "Three's a Crowd" in Season 1, Carrie is talking to Big's ex-wife, Barbara, when she asks if Carrie is with anyone. Carrie avoids the question so as not to let Barbara know she's seeing him, therefore keeping Big's name a mystery.

text: In "The Agony and the 'ex'tasy" in season 4, Carrie calls Big but gets the answering machine on which he introduces himself with his number instead of his name.

text: In the episode "The Big Journey" in season 5, Carrie is having a question and answer session during her book reading in San Francisco. Big raises his hand and asks her if the Big character in her book has a real name. Carrie responds by saying she has to protect his identity and can't use his real name.

text: In season 6 "An American Girl in Paris: Part Une" Mr. Big is leaving a message on Carrie's machine and is about to say his name when Charlotte picks up interrupting him.

text: In the final episode of the series Carrie receives a call from "John", who is Big.

text: In the full trailer for the Sex and the City: The Movie, Big's name is revealed to be John James Preston. In the movie, it is the first time we hear Carrie call him "John" instead of Big.[3]

text: Series appearances[edit]

text:
"Sex and the City" (June 6, 1998)
"Models and Mortals" (June 14, 1998)
"Valley of the Twenty-Something Guys" (June 28, 1998)
"Secret Sex" (July 12, 1998)
"The Monogamists" (July 19, 1998)
"Three's a Crowd" (July 26, 1998)
"The Turtle and the Hare" (August 2, 1998)
"The Drought" (August 16, 1998)
"Oh Come All Ye Faithful" (August 23, 1998)
"Take Me Out to the Ball Game" (June 6, 1999)
"The Awful Truth" (June 13, 1999)
"Four Women and a Funeral" (July 4, 1999)
"The Cheating Curve" (July 11, 1999)
"The Chicken Dance" (July 18, 1999)
"The Man, the Myth, the Viagra" (July 25, 1999)
"Old Dogs, New Dicks" (August 1, 1999)
"The Caste System" (August 8, 1999)
"Evolution" (August 15, 1999)
"La Douleur Exquise!" (August 22, 1999)
"Twenty-Something Girls vs. Thirty-Something Women" (September 26, 1999)
"Ex and the City" (October 3, 1999)
"Drama Queens" (July 23, 2000)
"The Big Time" (July 30, 2000)
"Easy Come, Easy Go" (August 6, 2000)
"All or Nothing" (August 13, 2000)
"Running with Scissors" (August 20, 2000)
"Cock-a-Doodle-Do" (October 15, 2000)
"The Agony and the Ex-tacy" (June 3, 2001)
"Defining Moments" (June 10, 2001)
"Sex and the Country" (July 22, 2001)
"Belles of the Balls" (July 29, 2001)
"Just Say Yes" (August 12, 2001)
"Ring a Ding Ding" (January 27, 2002)
"I Heart NY" (February 10, 2002)
"The Big Journey" (September 1, 2002)
"The Perfect Present" (July 6, 2003)
"Hop, Skip, and a Week" (July 27, 2003)
"The Domino Effect" (September 7, 2003)
"The Cold War" (February 1, 2004)
"An American Girl in Paris: Part Une" (February 15, 2004)
"An American Girl in Paris: Part Deux" (February 22, 2004)


document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: what is the legal drinking age in va

question_tokens: what is the legal drinking age in va

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text: As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1970:
Lowered to 19[7]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska
 ?
21[7]
1970:
Lowered to 19[9]
1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona
 ?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7]
21
21[14]
21 [8]
21

California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18]
1933:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado
None[11]
1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7]
18 [19]
Raised to 21 in 1987 [8]
21

Connecticut
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[20]
1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 20[13]
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia
 ?
18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida
 ?
18[7]
1972:
19 [27]
1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause [27]
21 [28]

Georgia
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18[13]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho
 ?
20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21 [35]
1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36]
1980:
Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana
 ?
Post-1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas
 ?
1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky
 ?
1938:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana
 ?
As of 1948:
18[13]
18[19]
1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21

Maine
 ?
21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][42]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland
 ?
21[7]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[43][44]
1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause [8][45]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts
 ?
21 [11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[46][47][48]
Raised to 21 in 1985 [8]
21

Michigan
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[49]
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[50][51]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota
 ?
21 [11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1976:
Raised to 19[52]
First state to raise age after lowering.
1986:
Raised to 21[53]
21

Mississippi
 ?
1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986 [8]
21

Missouri
 ?
1945:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21

Montana
 ?
21 [11]
1971:
Lowered to 19[54]
1973:
Lowered to 18[55][56]
1979:
Raised to 19
1987:
Raised to 21[8][57]
21

Nebraska
 ?
21[58]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 19[58]
1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada
 ?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire
 ?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18[59]
1979:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[60][61][62]
21[citation needed]
1973:
Lowered to 18 [12]
1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][63]
21

New Mexico
 ?
1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York
21
18[64]
18
1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][65][66]
21

North Carolina
 ?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota
 ?
1936:
21[7]
21[14]
21 [67]
21

Ohio
 ?
1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[68]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[69]
1988:
21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma
 ?
Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[70]
1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec) [71]
Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:
Raised to 21[11][72]
21

Oregon
 ?
1933:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21

Pennsylvania
 ?
1935:
21[7]
21
21 [8][51]
21

Rhode Island
 ?
21[11]
1970:
Lowered to 18[12][73]
1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina
21[74]
1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota
 ?
1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[75]
1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13]
1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[57]
21

Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[76]
21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7]
1979:
Raised to 19
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[77][78]
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 18[79]
1981:
Raised to 19[80]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah
 ?
1935:
21[7]
21[14]
21 [8]
21

Vermont
 ?
21[7]
1971:
Lowered to 18[81][82]
1986:
Raised to 21[21][82]
21

Virginia
 ?
21[83]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[83]
1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[83]
21

Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877 [84]
21[citation needed]
21
21 [8]
21

West Virginia
 ?
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[85]
1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][42]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[86]
18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[87]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[87]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[87]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[87]
1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[87]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming
 ?
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 19[13]
1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[88][89]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa
 ?
 ?
 ?
21?
21 [90]

Northern Mariana Islands
–
–
 ?
21?
21 [91]

Puerto Rico
 ?
18
18
Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act.
18 [92]

Virgin Islands
 ?
 ?
 ?
18
18 [93]

Guam
 ?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010 [5]

tag: table

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.

tag: ul


document_title: White Rabbit

question_text: who says i late i late for a very important date

text: White Rabbit

text: Personality[edit]

text: In his article "Alice on the Stage" Carroll wrote "And the White Rabbit, what of him? Was he framed on the "Alice" lines, or meant as a contrast? As a contrast, distinctly. For her 'youth', 'audacity', 'vigour', and 'swift directness of purpose', read 'elderly', 'timid', 'feeble', and 'nervously shilly-shallying', and you will get something of what I meant him to be. I think the White Rabbit should wear spectacles. I'm sure his voice should quaver, and his knees quiver, and his whole air suggest a total inability to say 'Boo' to a goose!"[1]

text: Overall, the White Rabbit seems to shift back and forth between pompous behavior toward his underlings, such as his servants, and grovelling, obsequious behavior toward his superiors, such as the Duchess, and the King and Queen of Hearts, in direct contrast to Alice, who is reasonably polite to everyone she meets. He watches from the side-lines and awaits things to happened, then comes to the rescue mainly for Alice.

text: Adaptions[edit]

text: Disney film[edit]

text:
White Rabbit
Disney characterFirst appearance
Alice in Wonderland (1951)Created by
Lewis Carroll Walt DisneyVoiced by
Bill Thompson (original film)  Corey Burton (House of Mouse, Kingdom Hearts, and all other appearances)Jeff Bennett (Kinect Disneyland Adventures)Shigeru Ushiyama (Japanese, Kingdom Hearts series)InformationSpecies
RabbitGender
MaleOccupation
PageNationality
Wonderland

text: In Disney's animated version of the book, the Rabbit seems to have the most logic out of all the Wonderland characters.[tone] Thus, he is often the straight man for their zany antics; when he asks the Dodo for help on getting the "monster" (Alice) out of his house, Dodo's ultimate solution is to burn the house down, to which the White Rabbit is greatly opposed. At the Mad Tea Party, the Mad Hatter and the March Hare try to "fix" his watch, proclaiming it "exactly two days slow". Through various food they put in the watch (butter, tea, jam, and lemon), the two cause it to go mad, and the Hare smashes it with his mallet. The Rabbit was perhaps most famous for the little ditty he sang at the beginning, "I'm late! I'm late! For a very important date! No time to say hello, goodbye! I'm late! I'm late! I'm late!" The Rabbit was voiced by Bill Thompson.

text: Some[who?] believe the rabbit was late for the announcement of the Queen to the royal garden. The panic the rabbit showed was his fear of losing his head. Upon her arrival (where Alice has been helping to paint the roses red) the cards finish their song and the rabbit blows his trumpet (which he had been carrying for most of his lines) royally introducing the king and queen.[citation needed]

text: The White Rabbit made a few appearances on the Disney Channel original show, House of Mouse. His most notable appearance was in the episode "Clarabelle's Big Secret", when he confessed to Clarabelle Cow that "I'm not really late, and I don't really have a date. I'm a fraud!". He is seen being grabbed by the reservation clerk Daisy Duck in the show's intro. He was voiced by Corey Burton, who has voiced the Rabbit in all English speaking roles for the character since then.[citation needed] In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the genie was transformed into him.[citation needed]

text: The White Rabbit also appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character.

text: In the PlayStation 2 action-RPG game, Kingdom Hearts and its Game Boy Advance follow-up, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, the White Rabbit leads Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy to the Queen's palace, worried about being late. His Japanese voice actor was Shigeru Ushiyama.

text: Tim Burton film[edit]

text:
Nivens McTwisp, The White Rabbit
Alice character
First appearance
Alice in WonderlandCreated by
Lewis Carroll/Tim BurtonPortrayed by
Michael SheenInformationNickname(s)
The White RabbitSpecies
RabbitGender
MaleOccupation
PageNationality
Underland

text: The White Rabbit works for the Red Queen, but is also a secret member of the Underland Underground Resistance, and was sent by the Hatter to search for Alice. Actor Michael Sheen stated, "The White Rabbit is such an iconic character that I didn't feel like I should break the mould too much."  In this film adaption, the White Rabbit is given the name Nivens McTwisp.[2]

text: McTwisp appears in the video game adaptation of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland as a playable character. He attacks using his watch, and can manipulate time.

text: Švankmajer film[edit]

text: The 1988 Czechoslovak film Alice, noted for its disturbing interpretation of Carroll's story, shows a dark stop-motion version of the character. At the beginning of the film, the White Rabbit starts out as a stuffed rabbit that comes alive in Alice's bedroom and breaks out of his glass case; he leaks sawdust through a hole in his chest. During Alice's pursuit of the White Rabbit in Wonderland, he physically attacks her with paddles, a hacksaw, and a group of skeletal animals. The White Rabbit is also the Queen of Hearts' executioner, using scissors to behead the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and other characters. Upon awakening from her dream and finding the White Rabbit missing from his case, Alice finds his scissors and resolves to behead him herself.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
The White Rabbit appears in the Once Upon a Time spin-off called Once Upon a Time in Wonderland voiced by John Lithgow - in this show, his first name is revealed to be Percy. He helps the Knave of Hearts to free Alice from Bethlem Royal Hospital in a Victorian Era-type world and bring her back to Wonderland. The Red Queen is also forcing the White Rabbit to be her ears in order to find out about Alice's plans.
In Star Trek, the 1966 episode "Shore Leave" shows the protagonists visiting a planet where characters of their imagination come to life. The White Rabbit appears to Doctor McCoy early in the episode.
The White Rabbit appeared in the "Brooke Shields" episode of The Muppet Show performed by Steve Whitmire. The White Rabbit puppet later made a cameo in the wedding scene of The Muppets Take Manhattan, an episode of Donna's Day, and episode 4081 of Sesame Street (where its ears were in the downward position).
In the Syfy Alice, The White Rabbit is a secret organization that works for the Queen of Hearts and abducts people from the real world, so they can gamble in the Queen's casino. The actual character is represented by a member of the organization called Agent White who kidnaps Jack (Alice's fiance, the Jack of Hearts) and tries to retrieve a magic ring called the Stone of Wonderland from Alice. When it is found out that he failed his mission, the Queen has him executed.
In Lost, the White Rabbit is alluded to several times in the series. First it is the name of an episode, and Locke claims that Jack  is chasing the White Rabbit in the form of his father. The White Rabbit is also the symbol for the Looking Glass Station and it is also carrying a clock with it.
In an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place, Alex chases the White Rabbit (Justin Russo). He wears white jeans, a white T-shirt, white hair, and big rabbit ears.
In Leverage Season 5, white rabbit is being mentioned in episode 12 as being the main title and con of the episode

text: Films[edit]

text:
In Jurassic Park, the character of Dennis Nedry writes a computer program to disable security systems of the park and hide his steps. Samuel L. Jackson's character finds a file called "whiterabbit.obj" that he claims did it all.
In The Matrix, there are several metaphysical "waking up" metaphors that reference the Wonderland stories. Early in the film, Neo is told to follow the "White Rabbit" and seconds later, his doorbell rings, and when he opens the door he finds a woman with a tattoo of a white rabbit on her shoulder. Later in the film, Morpheus offers him the "red pill" to "find out just how deep the rabbit hole goes". Right before he meets the oracle one can see Night of the Lepus playing on a nearby television, symbolizing Neo's decision to "follow the white rabbit" and to disturb the order of the Matrix.
In Pacific Rim (film), there are several metaphysical "waking up" metaphors that reference the Wonderland stories. In the film, Mako Mori is instructed during "mind-meld" training to "do not latch onto memories; let them wash over you" and to aboveall never follow the "White Rabbit". Later in the film, she does this and nearly kills military staff members.

text: Video games[edit]

text:
In American McGee's Alice, the White Rabbit is responsible for Alice's return to Wonderland. He is first seen as Alice's soft toy, then becomes something that resembles a shriveled version of the John Tenniel illustration. When Alice is chasing him in the Village of the Doomed, he shrinks and goes down a hole. Alice follows him by shrinking herself with a hand-made potion. They meet again in the Wonderland Woods, where he tells her to find Caterpillar. Later, he is killed by the Mad Hatter who crushes him under his foot. He reappears as a minor character in the sequel Madness Returns, first in the opening sequence of the game, and then as a host of some mini-games (along with the Mad Hatter).
In the Nintendo DS RPG A Witch's Tale, the White Rabbit forces its way before the main character Liddell. It can be an unlockable plush for fighting too.
Rockstar's game Manhunt features a level called "Kill the Rabbit." In this stage, the player hunts down a man wearing a white rabbit suit, which the game's antagonist describes as "Wonderland fun".
In the Eye of the North expansion of Guild Wars, finding the boss Nulfastu Earthbound requires the player to follow a white rabbit into a rabbit hole. When the player enters, the boss appears, along with a large amount of other hostile monsters, that easily overwhelms an unprepared group of players.
There is a reference to the White Rabbit in Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow.
In Super Mario 64 MIPS the rabbit references the White Rabbit with a few lines, such as "I'm late for an important date."
In Heart no Kuni no Alice (aka Alice in the Country of Hearts), a dating sim game made for the PC, PSP, and the PS2 with the theme of Alice in Wonderland, has a man named "Peter White" in which Peter White takes the role of the White Rabbit in Wonderland.

text: Literature[edit]

text:
In The Looking-Glass Wars, the White Rabbit is re-imagined as Bibwit Harte (an anagram of "White Rabbit"), an albino tutor with super-sensitive hearing.
In the manga series Alice in the Country of Hearts, written by Quinrose and published by Tokyopop, a character named Peter White is the prime minister of the castle of hearts. He is portrayed as a cruel man who would kill anyone in an instant. He has little in common with the image of the white rabbit other than white rabbit ears, a large oversized pocketwatch, and a suit. He is desperately in love with Alice and often caught rhyming as he speaks. Alice does mention hating him on several occasions and claims to hate "White Rabbit ears" the most.
In the Stephen King novel The Long Walk, a boy named Stebbins refers to himself as "the White Rabbit type."
In the manga Pandora Hearts the main character Oz Vessalius is based in the White Rabbit as he is the chain B-Rabbit.
In the manga series Project ARMS a boy infected with intelligent nano machines code named white rabbit is granted superior speed and jumping ability.

text: Music[edit]

text:
Jefferson Airplane recorded a song called "White Rabbit", with references to this character and the Wonderland saga in general as metaphors for drug-induced experiences.
Electric Six's song "Feed my Fuckin' Habit" makes reference to this with the lyrics "Feed my fuckin' habit... Follow the white rabbit" (album I Shall Exterminate Everything Around Me That Restricts Me from Being the Master, 2007).
My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult's song "A Daisy Chain 4 Satan" has references of a white rabbit in their lyrics about drugs: "I live for drugs... I'm the white rabbit. I freaked out on acid... I'm the white rabbit."
Egypt Central's song "White Rabbit" makes references to the rabbit: "Your magic white rabbit has left its writing on the wall. We followed like Alice, and just kept falling down the hole."
Shinedown's song "Her Name is Alice", from the compilation album Almost Alice, uses the line "And the girl that chased the rabbit, drank the wine, and took the pill..." to reference the White Rabbit; indeed, most of the song references Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass.
Vladimir Vysotsky's song "Белый кролик, Алиса и Додо" ("White Rabbit, Alice and Dodo").[3]
Marilyn Manson created an album and song titled "Eat Me, Drink Me" in reference to the cookies and drinks labeled "Eat Me, Drink Me" that throughout the story of Alice in Wonderland cause her to grow and shrink. The entire song constantly alludes to the story and characters of Alice in Wonderland, and describes a darker side of the story.

text: Musical[edit]

text:
The White Rabbit appeared as a banished fairy tale creature in the original Broadway musical Shrek (based on the 2001 film) played by Noah Rivera.
The White Rabbit was portrayed by Edward Staudenmayer in Frank Wildhorn's musical Wonderland. In the show, he is portrayed as a panicky character with a sarcastic sense of humor. Staudenmayer praised the character's role in the story, saying, "Everything [he has] to say is funny or important." As well as the character that brings Alice to Wonderland in the first place, the Rabbit is also a close ally of her during the course of the show. His sole weapon is his pocket watch, which can turn back time; he uses it to help himself, El Gato the Cheshire Cat, Caterpillar, and Jack the White Knight escape from prison towards the end of the show.

text: Other Influences[edit]

text: A military trench-digging machine developed by the British Royal Navy at the beginning of World War II was originally known as White Rabbit No. 6, but the name was changed to Cultivator No. 6 to conceal its identity.


document_title: List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career scoring leaders

question_text: all time leading scorer in big ten basketball

text: In basketball, points are the sum of the score accumulated through free throw or field goal.[1] In National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball, where a player's career is at most four seasons long, it is considered a notable achievement to reach the 1,000-points scored threshold. In even rarer instances, players have reached the 2,000- and 3,000-point plateaus (no player has ever scored 4,000 or more points at the Division I level). The top 25 highest scorers in NCAA Division I men's basketball history are listed below. The NCAA did not split into its current divisions format until August 1973.[2] From 1906 to 1955, there were no classifications to the NCAA nor its predecessor, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS).[2] Then, from 1956 to spring 1973, colleges were classified as either "NCAA University Division (Major College)" or "NCAA College Division (Small College)".[2][3]

text: Some of the top 25 scorers in Division I history played before the three-point line was officially instituted in 1986–87. All of the players with a dash through the three-point field goals made column were affected by this rule. Hank Gathers of Loyola Marymount is the only three-point shot era player on this list who did not make a single three-point shot. From the 1986–87 season through the 2007–08 season, the three-point perimeter was marked at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) for both men's and women's college basketball.[4] On May 3, 2007, the NCAA men's basketball rules committee passed a measure to extend the distance of the men's three-point line back to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m); the women's line would remain at the original distance until it was moved to match the men's distance effective in 2011–12.[4]

text: Additionally, several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams. Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records, three players—Pete Maravich, Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes—only had three seasons to compile their totals. Larry Bird redshirted (sat out) his freshman year, and therefore, like Maravich, Robertson, and Hayes, his totals also cover only three seasons (though in Bird's case, unlike the others, it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level). With the added benefits of a three-point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility, their already-historical statistics would have been much higher. Maravich, a guard from LSU, not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history, but also the highest career total. Remarkably, he scored 3,667 points (over 400 more than the next closest player) in a mere 83 games. His record is considered nearly unbreakable; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson, who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball. However, Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association (NBA) following his junior season in 2008–09.

text: Five players on this list are enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame: Pete Maravich,[5] Oscar Robertson,[6] Elvin Hayes,[7] Larry Bird[8] and David Robinson.[9]

text: Key[edit]

text:
Pos.
G
F
C
Ref.

Position
Guard
Forward
Center
References

*
Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Team (X)
Denotes the number of times a player from that team appears on the list

text: Career scoring leaders[edit]

text:
Player
Pos.
Team
Career
start
Career
end
Games
played
Field goals
made
3-point
field
goals made
Free
throws made
Points
PPG
Ref.

Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
G
LSU
1967
1970
83
1,387

—

893
3,667
44.2
[10]

Williams, FreemanFreeman Williams
F/G
Portland State
1974
1978
106
1,369

—

511
3,249
30.7
[11]

Simmons, LionelLionel Simmons
F
La Salle
1986
1990
131
1,244
56
673
3,217
24.6
[12]

Ford, AlphonsoAlphonso Ford
G
Mississippi Valley State
1989
1993
109
1,121
333
590
3,165
29.0
[13]

McDermott, DougDoug McDermott
F
Creighton
2010
2014
145
1,141
274
594
3,150
21.7
[14]

Kelly, HarryHarry Kelly
F
Texas Southern
1979
1983
110
1,234

—

598
3,066
27.9
[15]

Clark, KeydrenKeydren Clark
G
Saint Peter's
2002
2006
118
967
435
689
3,058
25.9
[16]

Hawkins, HerseyHersey Hawkins
G
Bradley
1984
1988
125
1,100
118
690
3,008
25.5
[17]

Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
G
Cincinnati
1957
1960
88
1,052

—

869
2,973
33.8
[18]

Manning, DannyDanny Manning
F
Kansas
1984
1988
147
1,216
10
509
2,951
20.1
[19]

Hughes, AlfredrickAlfredrick Hughes
G
Loyola (IL)
1981
1985
120
1,226

—

462
2,914
24.3
[20]

Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
C/F
Houston
1965
1968
93
1,215

—

454
2,884
31.0
[21]

Hansbrough, TylerTyler Hansbrough
F
North Carolina
2005
2009
142
939
12
982
2,872
20.2
[22]

Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
F
Indiana State
1976
1979
94
1,154

—

542
2,850
30.3
[23]

Birdsong, OtisOtis Birdsong
G
Houston (2)
1973
1977
116
1,176

—

480
2,832
24.4
[24]

Bradshaw, KevinKevin Bradshaw
G
Bethune-Cookman /
U.S. International
1987
1991
111
1,027
132
618
2,804
25.3
[3]

Houston, AllanAllan Houston
G/F
Tennessee
1989
1993
128
902
346
651
2,801
21.9
[25]

Redick, J. J.J. J. Redick
G
Duke
2002
2006
139
825
457
662
2,769
19.9
[26]

Gathers, HankHank Gathers
F/C
Southern California /
Loyola Marymount
1985
1990
117
1,127
0
469
2,723
23.3
[27]

Haws, TylerTyler Haws
G
BYU
2009
2015[n 1]
139
917
162
724
2,720
19.6
[28]

Lewis, ReggieReggie Lewis
F
Northeastern
1983
1987
122
1,043
30
592
2,709
22.2
[29]

Queenan, DarenDaren Queenan
G/F
Lehigh
1984
1988
118
1,024
29
626
2,703
22.9
[30]

Larkin, ByronByron Larkin
G
Xavier
1984
1988
121
1,022
51
601
2,696
22.3
[31]

McCalebb, BoBo McCalebb
G
New Orleans
2003
2008
128
977
115
610
2,679
20.9
[32]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
C
Navy
1983
1987
127
1,032
1
604
2,669
21.0
[33]

text: All-time conference scoring leaders[edit]

text: The following list contains current and defunct Division I conferences' all-time scoring leaders. The "conference founded" column indicates when each respective conference first began intercollegiate athletic competition, not necessarily when they began basketball. For example, the Great West Conference was established as a football-only conference in 2004 but became an all-sports conference in 2008 (with basketball actually beginning in 2009–10).[34] Also note that some of the schools on this list are no longer in the conference in which they are identified. Utah, for instance, is currently a member of the Pac-12 Conference, but when Keith Van Horn set the scoring record they were still a member of the Western Athletic Conference. Similarly, BYU is currently in the West Coast Conference, but their final four seasons in the Mountain West Conference were the years in which Jimmer Fredette played at the school and set that conference's scoring record.

text:
Conference
Conference
founded
Conference
disbanded
Player
School
Career
start
Career
end
Points
Ref.

America East
1979
—
Lewis, ReggieReggie Lewis
Northeastern
1983
1987
2,709
[35]

American Athletic
2013[n 2]
—
Gray, RobRob Gray
Houston
2015
2018
1,710
[38]

American South
1987
1991
Brooks, KevinKevin Brooks
Southwestern Louisiana
1987
1991
2,294

Atlantic 10
1976
—
Macon, MarkMark Macon
Temple
1987
1991
2,609
[39]

ACC
1953
—
Hansbrough, TylerTyler Hansbrough
North Carolina
2005
2009
2,872
[40]

Atlantic Sun
1978
—
Jackson, WillieWillie Jackson
Centenary
1980
1984
2,535
[41]

Big 12
1996
—
Hield, BuddyBuddy Hield
Oklahoma
2012
2016
2,291
[42]

Big East
1979[n 2]
—
Bell, TroyTroy Bell[n 3]
Boston College
1999
2003
2,632
[44]

Big Eight
1907
1996
Manning, DannyDanny Manning
Kansas
1984
1988
2,951
[45]

Big Sky
1963
—
Bliznyuk, BogdanBogdan Bliznyuk
Eastern Washington
2014
2018
2,169
[46]

Big South
1983
—
Williams, ReggieReggie Williams
VMI
2004
2008
2,556
[47]

Big Ten
1896
—
Cheaney, CalbertCalbert Cheaney
Indiana
1990
1993
2,613
[48]

Big West
1969
—
Harris, LuciousLucious Harris
Long Beach State
1989
1993
2,312
[49]

CAA
1982
—
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
Navy
1983
1987
2,669
[50]

C-USA
1995
—
Jackson, StefonStefon Jackson
UTEP
2005
2009
2,456
[51]

East Coast
1958
1994
Queenan, DarenDaren Queenan
Lehigh
1984
1988
2,703

Great Midwest
1990
1995
Claggett, ErwinErwin Claggett
Saint Louis
1991
1995
1,910
[52]

Great West
2004
2013
Flores, ChrisChris Flores
NJIT
2009
2013
1,726

Horizon
1979
—
Hughes, AlfredrickAlfredrick Hughes
Loyola (IL)
1981
1985
2,914
[53]

Ivy
1901
—
Bradley, BillBill Bradley*
Princeton
1962
1965
2,503
[54]

MAAC
1980
—
Simmons, LionelLionel Simmons
La Salle
1986
1990
3,217
[55]

Metro
1975
1995
Coles, BimboBimbo Coles
Virginia Tech
1986
1990
2,484
[56]

MAC
1946
—
Wells, BonziBonzi Wells
Ball State
1994
1998
2,485
[57]

MEAC
1970
—
Davis, TomTom Davis
Delaware State
1987
1991
2,275
[58]

Missouri Valley
1907
—
Hawkins, HerseyHersey Hawkins
Bradley
1984
1988
3,008
[59]

Mountain West
1999
—
Fredette, JimmerJimmer Fredette
BYU
2007
2011
2,599
[60]

NEC
1981
—
Bailey, TerranceTerrance Bailey
Wagner
1983
1987
2,591
[61]

OVC
1948
—
Domercant, HenryHenry Domercant
Eastern Illinois
1999
2003
2,602
[62]

Pac-12
1959
—
MacLean, DonDon MacLean
UCLA
1988
1992
2,608
[63]

Patriot
1986
—
McCollum, C. J.C. J. McCollum
Lehigh
2009
2013
2,361
[64]

SEC
1933
—
Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
LSU
1967
1970
3,667
[65]

Southern
1921
—
Curry, StephenStephen Curry
Davidson
2006
2009
2,635
[66]

Southland
1963
—
Dumars, JoeJoe Dumars*[n 4]
McNeese State
1981
1985
2,607
[68]

Summit
1982
—
Green, CalebCaleb Green
Oral Roberts
2003
2007
2,504
[69]

Sun Belt
1976
—
McCalebb, BoBo McCalebb
New Orleans
2003
2008
2,679
[70]

Southwest
1914
1996
Rencher, TerrenceTerrence Rencher
Texas
1991
1995
2,306
[71]

SWAC
1920
—
Ford, AlphonsoAlphonso Ford
Mississippi Valley State
1989
1993
3,165

West Coast
1952
—
Gathers, HankHank Gathers
Loyola Marymount
1987
1990
2,490[n 5]
[72]

WAC
1962
—
Van Horn, KeithKeith Van Horn
Utah
1993
1997
2,542
[73]

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ After playing as a freshman in 2009–10, Haws spent two years on a Mormon mission and did not play his sophomore season until 2012–13.
^ Jump up to: a b The original Big East Conference, founded in 1979 with basketball competition starting at that time, split along football lines in July 2013. The seven schools that did not sponsor Division I FBS football reorganized as a new Big East Conference, while the FBS football schools that had not left for other conferences, plus several new members, began operating as the American Athletic Conference. The American now considers its basketball history to have begun with the 2013 split,[36] while the current Big East maintains the basketball history of the original Big East.[37]
Jump up ^ The Big East Conference recognizes Lawrence Moten, who played at Syracuse between 1991 and 1995, as its all-time conference scoring leader, using the criterion of points scored in regular-season conference games only. Moten scored 1,405 points in games that counted toward the record.[43] Troy Bell, who is technically second on the list with 1,388 points, scored more career points than Moten when all games are taken into account. The above conference scoring leaders list uses overall career totals, not conference-career totals, as its criterion.
Jump up ^ The Southland Conference recognizes Dwight "Bo" Lamar, who played at Southwestern Louisiana (now Louisiana) between 1968 and 1972, as their all-time conference scoring leader, using the criterion of points scored against conference opponents only.[67] He scored 1,054 points in conference games.[67] Additionally, Southwestern Louisiana did not join the Southland Conference until 1971, so all of Lamar's points prior to then do not count toward Southland Conference scoring. Joe Dumars, who is technically second on the list with 819 points, actually scored more career points than Lamar since McNeese State was a member of the Southland Conference for the duration of Dumars' career. The above conference scoring leaders list uses overall career totals, not conference-career totals, as its criterion.
Jump up ^ Hank Gathers' scoring total in this table includes only games played for WCC member Loyola Marymount; he played his freshman season of 1985–86 at USC in what was then known as the Pacific-10 Conference. He transferred from USC after that season; after sitting out the 1986–87 season due to NCAA transfer rules, he played at Loyola Marymount until his death during his senior season in 1990.