document_title: Comedy Central Roast

question_text: when is the roast of justin bieber on comedy central

text: Comedy Central Roast

text: History[edit]

text: Between 1998 and 2002, Comedy Central produced and televised the annual roasts of the New York Friars Club, which has been conducted since 1950.

text:
1998 – Drew Carey, Roastmaster Ryan Stiles
1999 – Jerry Stiller, Roastmaster Jason Alexander
2000 – Rob Reiner, Roastmaster Michael McKean
2001 – Hugh Hefner, Roastmaster Jimmy Kimmel
2002 – Chevy Chase, Roastmaster Paul Shaffer

text: After the original five-year agreement expired, the network began producing its own roasts in the same spirit.[2] The first, featuring roastee Denis Leary (and produced by Leary's production company, Apostle), aired on August 10, 2003 and was the most watched program in the channel's history, excluding episodes of South Park.[3]

text: Some roastees have stated that certain topics are off-limits. Pamela Anderson, for example, prohibited jokes about her Hepatitis C infection. Joan Rivers disallowed jokes about her daughter, Melissa and William Shatner asked that the death of his wife not be mentioned. Others, like David Hasselhoff, have imposed no limits on the topics.[4] Donald Trump only prohibited anyone making jokes about him not being as wealthy as he says he is.[5] Although Charlie Sheen initially agreed to no restrictions on his roast, he later said during an interview with Jay Leno that he requested jokes about his mother be edited out of the broadcast.[6]

text: During Charlie Sheen's roast, Steve-O made the joke "The last time this many nobodies were at a roast, at least Great White was playing", a reference to the February 20, 2003 The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island that killed 100 people, which was removed from broadcast on Steve-O's request.[7]

text: During Denis Leary's roast, comedian Lenny Clarke, a friend of Leary's, said there was a carton of cigarettes backstage from Bill Hicks with the message, "Wish I had gotten these to you sooner." This joke was cut from the final broadcast.[8] During Roseanne Barr's roast, Jeff Ross compared fellow roaster Seth Green to James Holmes, responsible for the 2012 Aurora shooting. The joke was also removed.[9]

text: Roasts[edit]

text:
Roastee
Roast master(s)
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

Denis Leary

Jeff Garlin
August 10, 2003 (2003-08-10)
3.2[10]

Roasters: Jim Breuer, Mario Cantone, Lenny Clarke, Dane Cook, Nick DiPaolo, Doctor Dré, Adam Ferrara, Michael J. Fox, Peter Gallagher, Don Gavin, Gina Gershon, Gilbert Gottfried as Denis' Irish Wolfhound, Ed Lover, Joe Mantegna, Conan O'Brien, Colin Quinn, Rene Russo, and Christopher Walken.

Jeff Foxworthy

Bill Engvall, Ron White, & Larry the Cable Guy
March 20, 2005 (2005-03-20)
6.2[11]

Roasters: Steve Bridges as U.S. President George W. Bush, Nick DiPaolo, Christian Finnegan, Greg Giraldo, Gilbert Gottfried as Jeff's cow, Heidi Klum, Lisa Lampanelli, Denis Leary, Jay Mohr, Patrice O'Neal, Colin Quinn, Anna Nicole Smith, and G. E. Smith. A special, pre-taped, guest appearance was made by Dr. Phil.
The hip-hop group B.A.M.A. performed their cover of "Sweet Home Alabama".[citation needed]

Pamela Anderson

Jimmy Kimmel
August 14, 2005 (2005-08-14)
4.3[12]

Roasters: Courtney Love, Adam Carolla, Bea Arthur, Nick DiPaolo, Greg Giraldo, Elon Gold, Eddie Griffin, Lady Bunny, Lisa Lampanelli, Tommy Lee, Jeff Ross, Sarah Silverman, Andy Dick, roastmaster Jimmy Kimmel and pre-taped appearances by David Spade and Hugh Hefner.[citation needed]
Notable audience members: Anna Nicole Smith[citation needed]
Dennis Rodman was amongst the crowd on the stage. This roast featured a large amount of jokes and satire regarding sex directed from roasters toward fellow roasters, complete with Andy Dick appearing as Pamela's plastic surgeon and groping her breasts as part of his skit. Many of the jokes were also directed at Courtney Love for appearing to be inebriated (but claiming to have been sober for a year), Bea Arthur's masculinity, Andy Dick's ambiguous sexuality and Lisa Lampanelli's full figured body as well as her attraction towards black people.

William Shatner

Jason Alexander
August 20, 2006 (2006-08-20)
3.6[14]

Roasters: Andy Dick (as the "love child" of James T. Kirk and Spock), Farrah Fawcett, Greg Giraldo, Lisa Lampanelli, Artie Lange, Nichelle Nichols, Patton Oswalt, Kevin Pollak, Jeff Ross, George Takei, Betty White, and Fred Willard performing the roasting duties. Special, pre-taped, guest appearances were made by Leonard Nimoy, Sandra Bullock, Ben Stiller, Sarah Silverman, Jimmy Kimmel, and Clint Howard.
Notable audience members: Adrian Zmed, David Carradine, Roger Corman, Brent Spiner, Jeri Ryan, Rene Auberjonois, Rosalind Chao, Mark Valley, Carrie Fisher, Scott Hamilton, Brad Paisley, Reno 911! stars Cedric Yarbrough and Niecy Nash, and Brian Posehn.[citation needed]
Executive Produced by Joel Gallen, with Aaron Matthew Lee serving as Head Writer. The Leonard Nimoy sequence which originally opened the broadcast on Comedy Central (Nimoy and Shatner were shown having an argument over the phone) was omitted from the DVD release, while many pre-taped sequences and jokes told during the roast itself were added back in after originally being cut.The tagline for this roast was "The Shat hits the fan." The Roast was nominated for a 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special.[13] The background music for the montage of Shatner was "Everything I Do, I Do with William Shatner" by the Star Trek-influenced rock band, Warp 11. Women dressed as green Orion slave girls can be clearly seen tending bar.

Flavor Flav

Katt Williams
August 12, 2007 (2007-08-12)
3.8[15]

Roasters: Ice-T, Jimmy Kimmel, Snoop Dogg, Greg Giraldo, Patton Oswalt, Lisa Lampanelli, Jeff Ross, Carrot Top, Sommore, and Brigitte Nielsen.
Notable audience members: Flavor of Love, Ron Jeremy, comedian Luenell, comedian Red Grant, Scott Adsit from 30 Rock, Nicole "Coco" Austin, Kordell Stewart, Derek Parker, Moonlite BunnyRanch owner Dennis Hof, and Chyna.[citation needed]
The roast was produced by Joel Gallen.

Bob Saget

John Stamos
August 16, 2008 (2008-08-16)
2.2[20]

Roasters: Susie Essman, Greg Giraldo, Brian Posehn, Jim Norton, Jeff Garlin as fictional Full House executive producer Saul Schwartz (though he broke character at the end), Gilbert Gottfried, Jon Lovitz, Norm Macdonald, Cloris Leachman, and Jeff Ross.[16] Pre-taped appearances were delivered by Sarah Silverman, Lewis Black, and Don Rickles.
Notable audience members: Full House co-stars Lori Loughlin, Jodie Sweetin, and Dave Coulier along with Growing Pains star Alan Thicke, Rex Lee of Entourage and Quantum Leap & Star Trek: Enterprise star Scott Bakula and Alonzo Bodden.[citation needed]
Norm Macdonald's set was notable in that it avoided racy content and featured intentionally cheesy and antiquated jokes.[17] He later revealed that the material was taken from a book given to him by his father that contains jokes meant to be told at retirement parties circa 1950, and that when the roast's showrunner asked him to be "shocking," he decided to go in the opposite direction of the usual roast humor.[18] Artie Lange was scheduled but did not show at the roast because he had entered a rehabilitation center. It was later revealed that Saget was highly offended by the jokes aimed at Candace Cameron and the Olsen twins.[19] The DVD was released on December 30, 2008.
The DVD version did not include the Full House theme song as Saget comes out at the end to roast everyone who roasted him. It was replaced by instrumental music. The TV version has the theme song only.

Larry the Cable Guy

Lisa Lampanelli[21]
March 16, 2009 (2009-03-16)
4.1[12]

Roasters: Nick DiPaolo, Jeff Foxworthy, Greg Giraldo, Toby Keith, Jeffrey Ross, Reno Collier, Maureen McCormick, Warren Sapp, and Gary Busey. Bill Engvall made a pre-taped appearance.
Originally taped on March 1, 2009. This marks the first time that a previous roastmaster has become a roastee, and the first time that a roast was broadcast in 16:9 high-definition.

Joan Rivers

Kathy Griffin
August 9, 2009 (2009-08-09)
2.8[12]

Roasters: Carl Reiner, Gilbert Gottfried, Mario Cantone, Whitney Cummings, Tom Arnold, Brad Garrett, Robin Quivers, Greg Giraldo and Jeff Ross. Donald Trump made a pre-taped appearance and Melissa Rivers came from the audience to roast her mother.
Notable audience members: Melissa Rivers, Michael C. Hall, Jennifer Carpenter, Alan Thicke, T.J. Miller, Chris Pratt and Anna Faris.[citation needed]
Originally taped on July 26, 2009.[22] It was released on the Comedy Central Emmy Consideration DVD sent only to members of the Consideration program.

David Hasselhoff

Seth MacFarlane
August 15, 2010 (2010-08-15)
3.5[26]

Roasters: Jeff Ross, Pamela Anderson, Lisa Lampanelli, Hulk Hogan, Jerry Springer,[23] Whitney Cummings, Greg Giraldo, George Hamilton,[24] and Gilbert Gottfried, Sharon Osbourne and Piers Morgan made pre-taped appearances, and William Daniels reprised his role as the voice of KITT.
Notable audience members: John Slattery, Craig Robinson, Christina Milian, Hasselhoff's two daughters, Hayley and Taylor, Hulk Hogan's son, Nick, and fellow Baywatch alumni Alexandra Paul, Nicole Eggert, Gena Lee Nolin, Traci Bingham, Angelica Bridges and Jeremy Jackson.[citation needed]
To close the show, Hasselhoff sang "This Is The Moment" from the musical Jekyll & Hyde, which he formerly starred in.[25] The DVD was released in January 2011.
This is also the final roast in which Greg Giraldo participated. Giraldo died on September 29, 2010.

Donald Trump

Seth MacFarlane
March 15, 2011 (2011-03-15)
3.5[31]

Roasters: Whitney Cummings, Gilbert Gottfried, Anthony Jeselnik, Larry King, Lisa Lampanelli, Marlee Matlin (interpreted by interpreter Jack Jason), Jeff Ross, Snoop Dogg, and Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino.[27]
Notable audience members: Melania Trump, Ivanka Trump, Ice-T, Russell Simmons, Chrissy Teigen, John Legend, Lindsay Lohan, Joel Madden and David Foster.[28][citation needed]
Originally taped on March 9, 2011.[29] The roast consisted of jokes toward Trump's hairstyle, his show The Apprentice, and his family. Jokes were also made about Jeselnik's fame (or lack thereof), Matlin's deafness, King's age, and Jersey Shore. Several roasters paid respect to Greg Giraldo, a Comedy Central Roast regular, who died on September 29, 2010. Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino's performance was widely panned by critics and viewers alike; as a result, Comedy Central pulled several of his jokes from the television airing of the roast.[30] This roast was dedicated in memory of Greg Giraldo. This was also the first time someone served as roastmaster more than once, as Seth MacFarlane also roasted David Hasselhoff.

Charlie Sheen

Seth MacFarlane
September 19, 2011 (2011-09-19)
6.4[37]

Roasters: Anthony Jeselnik, Jon Lovitz, Patrice O'Neal, Jeff Ross, Amy Schumer, William Shatner, Steve-O,[32] Mike Tyson, and Kate Walsh.
Notable audience members: Brooke Mueller, Aaron Paul, Maria Menounos, Corbin Bernsen, Duane Chapman, Michael Boatman, Kristin Cavallari, Patrick Warburton and Richard Kind.[citation needed]
The roast was taped in Los Angeles on September 10, 2011, and was broadcast on September 19, 2011, exactly one hour after the premiere of Ashton Kutcher's first episode on Two and a Half Men where he replaced Sheen.[33][dead link] Slash made an appearance playing his guitar during Sheen's entrance.[34] Harvey Levin from TMZ.com was scheduled to appear but ended up not doing so. During an interview on The View, Sheen's ex-wife, Denise Richards stated that she hadn't been invited to appear and, while she thought roasting her ex-husband could be humorous and that he would be able to take it, she feared it would have a negative impact on their daughters.[35] Sheen's famous family members, Emilio Estevez and Martin Sheen, were unable to attend as they were promoting their film The Way,[36] although Sheen appeared in a commercial for the roast, spoofing his film Apocalypse Now.
A montage of Sheen's film and television work were featured, though due to legal reasons, clips of his tenure on Two and a Half Men were never used. In reference to how his Two and a Half Men character Charlie Harper was killed off the series (hit by a train), Sheen arrived on stage riding on a replica locomotive. In the UK and Turkey, on the network which Two and a Half Men airs, The roast aired directly after Kutcher's first Two and a Half Men episode. This was O'Neal's final television appearance before his death on November 29, 2011.
With 6.4 million viewers in its original debut, this roast was the highest rated Comedy Central Roast to date.[37]

Roseanne Barr

Jane Lynch
August 12, 2012 (2012-08-12)
2.6[41]

Roasters: Ellen Barkin, Wayne Brady, Carrie Fisher, Gilbert Gottfried, Seth Green, Anthony Jeselnik, Jeff Ross, Katey Sagal, and Amy Schumer, and also featured a surprise appearance by Barr's ex-husband Tom Arnold.[38]
Notable audience members: Sarah Chalke, Natasha Leggero, Blake Anderson, Alicia Goranson, Michael Fishman, Chris Colfer and Fred Willard.[citation needed]
The roast was taped in Los Angeles on August 4, 2012.[38] Sharon Stone had been announced as one of the roasters,[39] but dropped out for unknown reasons prior to the event. The final surprise of the night was Barr's choice to close out the show by legitimately singing the last two lines of The Star-Spangled Banner, in an effort to finally redeem herself for her infamous and controversial rendition of the American anthem at a nationally broadcast baseball game in 1990.[40]

James Franco

Seth Rogen
September 2, 2013 (2013-09-02)
3.1[43]

Roasters: Aziz Ansari, Bill Hader, Jonah Hill, Nick Kroll, Natasha Leggero, Jeff Ross, Andy Samberg, and Sarah Silverman.[42]
Notable audience members: Blake Anderson, Jillian Bell, Adam Devine, Andy Dick, Chris Farren, Dave Franco, Jennie Garth, Brett Gelman, Eiza González, Anders Holm, Gabriel Iglesias, Kelley Jakle, Samm Levine, Maribeth Monroe, Matthew Morrison, Amy Poehler, Stephen Rannazzisi, June Diane Raphael, Retta, Horatio Sanz, Paul Scheer, and Kate Walsh.

Justin Bieber

Kevin Hart
March 30, 2015 (2015-03-30)
4.4[48]

Roasters: Hannibal Buress, Pete Davidson, Chris D'Elia, Will Ferrell as Ron Burgundy, Natasha Leggero, Ludacris, Shaquille O'Neal, Jeff Ross, Snoop Dogg, and Martha Stewart.[44][45]
Notable audience members: Scooter Braun, Dave Chappelle, Tito Ortiz, John Legend, Chrissy Teigen, Kendall Jenner, Jack Gilinsky, Blake Anderson, Katharine McPhee, Kourtney Kardashian, Kate Walsh, Chris Paul, Trevor Noah, Sarah Tiana, Larissa Marolt, Carly Rae Jepsen, Jaden Smith and Kyle Kinane.[citation needed]
In an appearance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Ellen DeGeneres revealed that she was approached by Braun, Bieber's manager, to participate in the roast, but refused because she did not want to be mean to Bieber. Jokes referencing Paul Walker were cut out of the television broadcast.[46] Additionally, a joke by Hannibal Buress which called the roast an "extremely transparent attempt to be more likable in the public eye" was cut. [47]
Being age 21 at the time of filming, Bieber is the youngest roastee to be roasted by Comedy Central to date.

Rob Lowe

David Spade
September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
2.3[54]

Roasters: Jimmy Carr, Ann Coulter,[49] Pete Davidson, Nikki Glaser, Jewel, Ralph Macchio, Peyton Manning, Rob Riggle, Jeff Ross.[50] Amy Poehler appeared in a pre-recorded segment.
Notable audience members: Maria Shriver, Patrick Schwarzenegger, Nick Swardson, Fred Savage, Chad Lowe, Kate Walsh, Robbie Williams, Brandon Flowers, Marlee Matlin
Originally taped on August 27, 2016. The Roast was simulcast on Spike and TV Land. Bo Derek was originally announced as a roaster, but was replaced by Jewel due to a scheduling conflict. According to Tony Hinchcliffe, who was assigned by Comedy Central to write the first draft of Ann Coulter's set, Coulter was unaware of the nature of roasts when she agreed to participate.[51] Many of the other roasters harshly targeted Coulter. She was criticised for her strong conservative political views, called a "cunt" by Davidson, compared to members of the Ku Klux Klan, and even likened to Adolf Hitler.[52] The crowd reacted to much of Coulter's set with indifference or booing. Coulter claims that her set "killed" live and that her apparent bombing in the aired version of the roast was the result of unflattering editing. Ross refuted Coulter's claim, stating “We edited it to make her look as best we could".[53] Her set centered around a plug for her book In Trump We Trust.

text: Recurring roasters[edit]

text: The table below features any roasters who have appeared on more than one Comedy Central Roasts. "RM" indicates that they were the roastmaster for that roast. As of the Rob Lowe roast, the most frequent roaster has been Jeff Ross, who has appeared in all but the first two roasts, for a total of 13, and has yet to be a roastmaster.[a]

text:
Roaster
Roastee

Denis Leary (2003)
Jeff Foxworthy (2005)
Pamela Anderson (2005)
William Shatner (2006)
Flavor Flav (2007)
Bob Saget (2008)
Larry the Cable Guy (2009)
Joan Rivers (2009)
David Hasselhoff (2010)
Donald Trump (2011)
Charlie Sheen (2011)
Roseanne Barr (2012)
James Franco (2013)
Justin Bieber (2015)
Rob Lowe (2016)

Tom Arnold

Mario Cantone

Whitney Cummings

Pete Davidson

Andy Dick

Nick DiPaolo

Bill Engvall

 RM

Jeff Garlin
 RM

Greg Giraldo

(deceased)

Gilbert Gottfried

Anthony Jeselnik

Jimmy Kimmel

 RM

Lisa Lampanelli

 RM

Natasha Leggero

Jon Lovitz

Seth MacFarlane

 RM
 RM
 RM

Patrice O'Neal

(deceased)

Patton Oswalt

Colin Quinn

Jeff Ross

Amy Schumer

William Shatner

Sarah Silverman

Snoop Dogg

David Spade

 RM

text: Cancelled roasts[edit]

text: In 2008, a roast for musician Willie Nelson was planned to coincide with the release of his box set, One Hell of a Ride, but was ultimately cancelled, according to Jeff Ross.[56][57][58]

text: A roast for musician Kid Rock was announced in November 2010 and scheduled for January 2011, but was later replaced by the Donald Trump roast.[59] Rock's roast was rescheduled for August 2011,[60] but was replaced again, this time by Charlie Sheen's roast.[33]

text: International[edit]

text: The following roasts have been aired by international Comedy Central channels:

text: Comedy Central New Zealand:

text:
Comedian Mike King, on Wednesday, December 15, 2010[61]
Rugby commentator and former rugby player Murray Mexted, in September 2011

text: Comedy Central Africa:

text:
South African performer, actor, and songwriter Steve Hofmeyr, on September 11, 2012. South African comedian Trevor Noah was the roastmaster for the evening.
South African businessman Kenny Kunene, in April 2014. The Roastmaster was British comedian Jimmy Carr,[62] and roasters included comedians John Vlismas and Tumi Morake, socialites Khanyi Mbau and Somizi Mhlongo, TV presenter Dineo Ranaka, OFM's former host Rian van Heerden and music personalities PJ Powers and Jack Parow.[63]

text: Comedy Central Latin America:

text: Mexican comedian Héctor Suárez, in May 2013. The roastmaster was his son Héctor Suárez Gomís.

text: Comedy Central Spain:

text:
Santiago Segura, in 2014
El Gran Wyoming, in 2015

text: Comedy Central Netherlands:

text: Gordon Heuckeroth, in 2016. The show was hosted by Jörgen Raymann, and the roasters were Peter Pannekoek, Erik de Zwart, Bobbi Eden, Sander Lantinga, Sophie Hilbrand, Erland Galjaard, Steven Brunswijk AKA BraboNeger (family of Ronnie Brunswijk) and Bridget Maasland.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominated work
Result
Ref

2007
Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Special
Comedy Central Roast of William Shatner
Nominated
[13]


document_title: GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)

question_text: when did o level grades change from numbers to letters

root

text: GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom)

text: Structure[edit]

text: O-levels were predominantly exam-based; this had advantages for students in part-time or evening education. Some commentators criticised this mainly exam-based approach as offering only partial proof of the student's overall ability in comparison with other methods (e.g., coursework-based assessment). There was no summative "school certificate": each subject was a separate O-level in its own right.

tag: p

text: Madsen Pirie found that the O-level was advantageous to boys because of exam-based learning.[3] Pirie also observes that the GCSE focus on coursework has disadvantaged boys, reversing the gender gap in attainment, to the degree where in all subjects girls outperform boys, including traditionally male subjects such as sciences and physical education.

text: Grading[edit]

text: Initially candidates were only awarded a pass or fail classification, though the independent exam boards soon offered competing numeric and alphabetic classifications, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 would be a pass, while grades 7, 8 and 9 were fails from the JMB. From 1975 standardized alphabetic grades where introduced with grades A, B, C, D, and E were passes, and f and U (Unclassified) were fails.[4][5] Between 1965 and 1985 grades were allocated primarily on a norm-referenced basis, assigning a fixed proportion of each cohort to each grade (A 10%, B 15%, C 25-30%, D 5-10%, E 5-10%, U 15-20%).[6][7] Though some exceptions existed, both at the subject and Exam Board level, with Latin and Greek pass rates being consistently higher than other subjects, with 75.4% passing in 1976, in contrast to an average 59% pass rate across all subjects e.g. Biology 56.4%, History 57%. The pass rate and top awards by the Oxford & Cambridge board were also consistently higher than the other boards e.g. In 1976, 27% of Latin entrants gained an A, and ~17% of French, German and Music candidates, this was attributed to the O&C board being primarily used by the Independent schools.[6] The proportion obtaining a pass, A-D, or equivalent was initially fixed at 57% - 58%, and remained under 60% through the 1970s, though there was regional variation with Northern Ireland awarding consistently more pass grades than Wales e.g. In 1982, the pass rates were: Northern Ireland 62%, England 58% Wales 53%.[6] In 1984 a decision was taken, by the Secondary Examinations Council, to replace the norm referencing with criteria referencing, where 16+ and 18+ grades would in future be awarded on Examiner Judgement,[8] this change was implemented, at O-Level, in June 1986. In the final year DES statistics were available 6.8% achieved an A, and 39.8% an A-C grade.

text: O-levels incorporate an element of negative marking, with marks deducted for incorrect answers, poor spelling, grammar or handwriting.[9]

text: The table below compares the grading under the O Level / CSE system and GCSE system, at the time of the June 1988 introduction and June 1994/June 2017 revisions of GCSE grading:

text:
GCSE Grade
O Level Grade
CSE Grade

2017–[a]
1994–2019[b]
1988–1993
1975–1987[c]
1965–1987

9
A*
A
A
1

8

A

7

6
B
B
B

5

C
C
C

4

3
D
D
D
2

E
E
E
3

2

F
F
U
4

1

G
G
5

U
U
U
U

tag: table

text: Note that this table does not display correctly on the mobile version of Wikipedia, as it incorrectly shows the match between the 2017 grades and the 1994 grades

text:
Green background – certificate and qualification awarded and considered a 'good pass'
Blue background – certificate and qualification awarded
Red background – no certificate or qualification awarded

tag: ul

text:
Jump up ^ 9–1 grades phased in from 2017 to 2020, depending on subject
Jump up ^ A*–G grades last used 2016 to 2019, depending on subject
Jump up ^ Before 1975, each exam board had its own grading system (some used letters, others numbers), with grades only given to schools and not recorded on students' certificates

tag: ol

text: Entrants[edit]

text: The 1978 Waddell Report, when comparing O-Level and CSE entrants stated: "the O Level examination tending to be aimed at the upper 20 per cent of the full ability range and CSE catering for the next 40 per cent",[10] is partially supported by the statistics. For subjects where an equivalent O-level paper existed approximately 36% of the pupils entered for either exam, after 1976, sat the O-Level, the remainder (64%) sat the CSE paper. The proportion taking CSE exams increased following the raising of the minimum school leaving age to 16, in 1973, and the subsequent fall in the proportion sitting neither exam e.g.

text:
English O-Level and CSE Mathematics entrants 1976-9[10] [11][12]

Year
Pupils
O-Level Maths Candidates
CSE Maths Candidates
Total Candidates
 % Maths Papers: O-Level
 % Maths Papers: CSE
 % Pupils entered for Maths

1974
-
-
-
-
-
-
74

1976
-
270,297
377,731
631,927
42.8
57.2
-

1977
751,070
217,560
392,020
609,580
35.7
64.3
81.1

1978
768,460
230,660
414,950
645,610
35.7
64.3
84

1979
781,240
245,500
438,220
683,720
35.9
64.1
87.5

text: Exam Boards[edit]

text: The O-Level syllabi, examinations and awards were made by 9 independent boards: Associated Examining Board, Durham University Examinations Board (dissolved 1964), Joint Matriculation Board, Oxford and Cambridge, Oxford, Southern, Cambridge, London, and Welsh Joint Education Committee

text: Unlike CSE examinations the participating schools had a choice of syllabi and awarding body, and were not required to use a designated local board.

text: Later developments[edit]

text: The O-level qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were replaced by the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). However, the O-level brand is still used in many Commonwealth countries, such as Bangladesh, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and Singapore, instead of or alongside the IGCSE qualifications. Some British schools also reverted to exams based on the O-levels.[13] The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination was also benchmarked against the O-levels for comparable subjects. But it has switched to benchmark against the IGCSE. The School Certificate of Mauritius continues to use the O-level exams.

text: O-levels continue to thrive as well respected international qualifications for students in other countries, who use them for preparation for advanced study in their own country and/or access higher education overseas.[citation needed] Approximately 12 million candidates from more than 200 countries register annually for O-level examinations across the world. Institutions that offer O-levels include Cambridge International Examinations (CIE).[14]

text: Cambridge International Examinations offers curricula for approximately 40 different subjects.[15]


document_title: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

question_text: who did the voice of kovu in lion king 2

text: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the Pride Lands of Africa, King Simba and Queen Nala's newborn daughter, Kiara, is presented to the assembled animals by Rafiki, a mandrill who serves as shaman and advisor. Simba's father Mufasa proudly watches over the ceremony from the Heavens above. Kiara becomes annoyed with her father's overprotective parenting. Simba assigns Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, to follow her. Kiara ignores her father's warning and the duo's attention and enters the "Outlands," where she meets a young cub, Kovu, and they escape from crocodiles while befriending each other. When Kovu retaliates to Kiara's playing, Simba confronts the young cub just as he is confronted by Zira, Kovu's mother and the Outsiders' leader. Zira reminds Simba of how he exiled her and the other Outsiders, and she reveals that Scar selected Kovu to be his successor despite not being his biological father.

text: After returning to the Pride Lands, Nala and the rest of the pride head back to Pride Rock while Simba lectures Kiara about the danger posed by the Outsiders. He then tells her that they are a part of each other. In the Outlands, Zira reminds Kovu that Simba killed Scar and exiled the lionesses who respected him. Kovu explains that he does not think it is so bad to have Kiara as a friend, but Zira realizes she can use Kovu's friendship with Kiara to seek revenge on Simba.

text: Several years later, Kiara, now a young adult, begins her first solo hunt. Simba has Timon and Pumbaa follow her in secret, causing her to hunt away from the Pride Lands. As part of Zira's plan, Kovu's siblings Nuka and Vitani trap Kiara in a fire, allowing Kovu to rescue her. Unable to thank the young rogue, Simba is forced to accept Kovu's place since he rescued Kiara. Later that night, Simba has a nightmare about attempting to save Mufasa from falling into the wildebeest stampede but is stopped by Scar who then morphs into Kovu and sends Simba to his death.

text: The next day, Kovu contemplates attacking Simba as he was instructed to, but he teaches Kiara how to hunt instead and eventually realizes his feelings for her. Later, Kiara and Kovu stargaze where they talk about the Great Kings of the Past and Kovu wonders if there is a darkness in him like there was in Scar. Simba watches the two from afar and Nala convinces him to give Kovu a chance. Kovu attempts to reveal his mission to Kiara, but Rafiki interrupts and leads them to the jungle, where he introduces them to "upendi" (an erroneous form of upendo, which means "love" in Swahili). The two lions fall in love. That night, Simba allows Kovu to sleep inside Pride Rock with the rest of the pride, but Vitani tells Zira about Kovu's failure to kill Simba. Zira sets a trap for her son and Simba.

text: The next day, Kovu attempts to reveal his mission to Kiara, but Simba takes him around the Pride Lands and tells him the real story of how Scar died. The Outsiders attack Simba and Kovu attempts to intervene, but Vitani injures him. Nuka attempts to kill Simba, but Simba escapes and Nuka is killed. Zira scratches Kovu for Nuka's death, causing him to turn on her. Kovu returns to Pride Rock to plead Simba for his forgiveness but is exiled. Kiara makes Simba realize that he is acting irrationally, and flees to find Kovu. The two lions later find each other and profess their love. Realizing that they must reunite the two prides, Kiara and Kovu return to the Pride Lands and convince them to stop fighting. Refusing to surrender, Zira attempts to kill Simba, but Kiara intervenes and Zira falls to her death.

text: With his enemy gone, Simba accepts the Outsiders back into the Pride Lands, and appoints Kovu and Kiara as his successors.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew Broderick as Simba, son of Mufasa and Sarabi, King of the Pride Lands and Kiara's overprotective father. Cam Clarke provided his singing voice. Ian Harrowell served as the supervising animator for Simba.
Moira Kelly as Nala, Queen of the Pride Lands, Simba's mate and Kiara's mother. Ian Harrowell served as the supervising animator for Nala.
Nathan Lane as Timon, a wise-cracking and self-absorbed yet somewhat loyal meerkat who is Pumbaa and Simba's best friend. Bob Baxter served as the supervising animator for Timon.
Ernie Sabella as Pumbaa, a naïve warthog who suffers from flatulence and is Timon's and Simba's best friend. Bob Baxter served as the supervising animator for Pumbaa.
Robert Guillaume as Rafiki, the mandrill shaman of The Pride Lands. Bob Baxter served as the supervising animator for Rafiki.
Edward Hibbert as Zazu, a hornbill who serves as the king's majordomo. Bob Baxter served as the supervising animator for Zazu.
Neve Campbell as Kiara, daughter of Simba and Nala. Liz Callaway provided adult Kiara's singing voice. Lianne Hughes served as the supervising animator for Kiara.

Michelle Horn voiced young Kiara, while Charity Sanoy provided her singing voice and Ashley Edner provided her lion growls.

Jason Marsden as Kovu, Zira's son and Nuka and Vitani's younger brother. Gene Miller provided Kovu's singing voice. Andrew Collins served as the supervising animator for Kovu.

Ryan O'Donohue provided the voice of young Kovu.

Andy Dick as Nuka, Zira's son, Vitani and Kovu's older brother and the oldest male of Zira's family. Ian Harrowell served as the supervising animator for Nuka.
Jennifer Lien as Vitani, Zira's daughter and Nuka and Kovu's sister. Kevin Peaty served as the supervising animator for Vitani.

Lacey Chabert voiced young Vitani while Crysta Macalush provided her singing voice.

Suzanne Pleshette as Zira, the leader of the Outsiders, Scar's most loyal follower and the mother of Nuka, Vitani, and Kovu. Kevin Peaty served as the supervising animator for Zira.
James Earl Jones as Mufasa, Simba's father and the previous King of the Pride Lands.
Jim Cummings as Scar, Mufasa's younger brother, Simba's uncle and Kiara's great-uncle, who appears in a brief cameo.

text: Production[edit]

text: Discussion began about the possibility of a sequel to The Lion King before the first film even hit theaters.[1] In January 1995, it was reported that a Lion King sequel was to be released "in the next twelve months".[2] However, it was delayed, and then it was reported in May 1996 that it would be released in "early next year" of 1997.[3] By 1996, producer Jeannine Roussel and director Darrell Rooney signed on board to produce and direct the sequel.[4] In August 1996, Cheech Marin reported that he would reprise his role as Banzai the Hyena from the first film, but the character was ultimately cut from the sequel.[5] In December 1996, Matthew Broderick was confirmed to be returning as Simba while his wife, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Jennifer Aniston were in talks to voice Aisha, Simba's daughter. Andy Dick was also confirmed to have signed on to voice Nunka, the son of Scar, who attempts to romance Aisha.[6] Ultimately, the character was renamed Kiara, and voiced by Neve Campbell.[7] Nunka was renamed Kovu, and voiced by Jason Marsden.[8] Then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner urged for Kovu's relationship to Scar to be changed during production as being Scar's son would make him Kiara's first cousin once-removed. According to Rooney, the final draft gradually became a variation of Romeo and Juliet. "It's the biggest love story we have," he explained. "The difference is that you understand the position of the parents in this film in a way you never did in the Shakespeare play."[9] Because none of the original animators were involved in the production, the majority of the animation was done by Walt Disney Television Animation's studio in Sydney, Australia. However, all storyboarding and pre-production work was done at the Feature Animation studio in Burbank, California.[9] By March 1998, Disney confirmed the sequel would be released on October 27, 1998.[10]

text: Release[edit]

text: Coincided with its direct-to-video release, Simba's Pride was accompanied with a promotional campaign which included tie-ins with McDonald's, Mattel, and Lever 2000.[11][12][13] Unlike the North American release, Simba's Pride was theatrically released in European and Latin American countries in spring 1999.[14][15]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was first released on VHS in the United States on October 27, 1998 and on DVD as a limited issue on November 23, 1999. The DVD release featured the film in a letterboxed 1.66:1 aspect ratio, the trailer for the movie, and a music video of "Love Will Find A Way" performed by Heather Headley and Kenny Lattimore.[16] In 1998, Disney believed that The Lion King II: Simba's Pride would be so popular that it shipped 13 million copies to stores for the October 27 release date.[17] In March 2001, it was reported that in its first three days, 3.5 million VHS copies were sold, and ultimately about thirteen million copies were sold.[18] In September 2001, it was reported that Simba's Pride had sold more than 15 million copies.[19] Overall, consumer spending on The Lion King II: Simba's Pride accumulated about $300 million — roughly the same figure of its predecessor's theatrical release at that time,[20] and continues to be one of the top-selling direct-to-video releases of all time, with $464.5 million worldwide in sales and rentals.[21]

text: On August 31, 2004, the film was re-released on VHS and a 2-Disc Special Edition DVD. The DVD edition featured optional pop-up informational commentary, interactive games (the "Virtual Safari") featuring Timon, Pumbaa and Rafiki, five humorous "Find Out Why" shorts, an animated short based on Lebo M's "One By One", and a "Proud of Simba's Pride" featurette.[22] The Special Edition version featured changes made to the film such as Kovu in the water being inexplicably re-animated as well as other alterations.[16] A DVD boxed set of the three The Lion King films (in two-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004. In January 2005, the film, along with the sequels, went back into moratorium.[23]

text: On October 4, 2011, Simba's Pride was included in an eight-disc box set trilogy set with the other two films.[24] The Blu-ray edition for the film was released as a separate version on March 6, 2012.[25] The Blu-ray edition has three different versions, a 2-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, a 1-disc edition, and a digital download. The Blu-ray edition has also been attached with a new Timon & Pumbaa short, in which the two friends gaze at the night sky as the star constellations resemble their favorite meal, insects.[25]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 33% based on six reviews with an average score of 5.6/10.[26]

text: Siskel & Ebert gave the film a "two-thumbs up" and said it was a "satisfactory sequel to one of the most popular films of all time, The Lion King". However, they also said it was best that it went to video, citing that the music was lacking and not remotely equal to the original's soundtrack.[27] TV Guide gave the film 2½ stars out of four, claiming that, despite being of slightly higher quality than Disney's previous direct-to-video animated sequels, "comes nowhere near the level of its big-screen predecessor", either musically or artistically. The review later went on to say that "Though most of the original characters and their voices are back, they all sound bored, apart from the zesty addition of Suzanne Pleshette as the scheming Zira. The overall result is OK for kids, who will enjoy the low humor provided by the comical meerkat Timon and the flatulent warthog Pumbaa, but it could have been so much better."[28]

text: Writing for Variety, Joe Leydon commented in his review "In marked contrast to most of the studio's small screen sequels to bigscreen animated hits, the new pic isn't merely kids' stuff. Not unlike its predecessor, Lion King II has enough across-the-board appeal to entertain viewers of all ages."[29] Caryn James of The New York Times concluded her review with "It's the rare sequel that matches the creative flair of an original, of course. The Lion King II may be derivative, but it is also winning on its own."[8]

text: Entertainment Weekly critic Stephen Witty, who graded the sequel a C+, wrote, "Despite its drawbacks, The Lion King II could make a decent rental for undemanding under-7 fans of the original, who won't be overburdened by the psychodrama. For true believers who've already watched and rewound their copies to shreds, it might even make a good buy. And for them, hey, hakuna matata. But for the rest of us, caveat emptor might be a better motto."[30] James Plath of Movie Metropolis gave the film 6/10, saying that, "Simply put, we've seen it all before."[31] Felix Vasquez Jr. of Cinema Crazed derided, "the sequel is as predictable a sequel as can be. It takes from The Fox and the Hound with shades of Romeo and Juliet and side steps the interesting Simba in favor of his bland daughter Kiara, and Timon and Pumba [sic]."[32]

text: Music[edit]

text: Songs[edit]

text: The songwriters were Marty Panzer, Tom Snow, Kevin Quinn, Randy Petersen, Mark Mancina, Jay Rifkin, Lebo M, Jack Feldman, Scott Warrender, and Joss Whedon.

text:
"He Lives in You" – Sung by Lebo M and his African choir. This song represents Kiara's birth and is the equivalent of "Circle of Life". The song is a reference to when Rafiki told Simba in the first film that Mufasa "lives" in him. Also appears in the Broadway version of the first film. The end title is performed by Tina Turner.
"We Are One" – Sung by Cam Clarke and Charity Sanoy. Following Kiara's encounter with Kovu and Zira in which she endangers herself, Simba explains how important she is to the pride and that the pride is one.
"My Lullaby" – Sung by Suzanne Pleshette, Andy Dick, and Crysta Macalush. Zira's lullaby to Kovu, which outlines her plot for him to kill Simba and how proud it would make her.
"Upendi" – Sung by Robert Guillaume, Liz Callaway, Gene Miller, and Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Rafiki's song to Kiara and Kovu about love, friendship, and happiness. Sung by Rafiki and his animal friends.
"Not One of Us" – Sung following Kovu being exiled by Simba after he accuses Kovu of betraying him. This was the first time the animals other than lions outside of the main characters (excluding The Lion King 1½) have been seen talking.
"Love Will Find a Way" – Sung by Liz Callaway and Gene Miller. A romantic love song that includes of Kiara and Kovu's first encounter following Kovu's banishment. The pair concludes that their mutual feelings for each other are too strong and true for their differences to keep them apart. The end title version is performed by R&B artists Kenny Lattimore and Heather Headley.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: An audio CD entitled Return to Pride Rock: Songs Inspired by Disney's The Lion King II: Simba's Pride was released on September 8, 1998. Although not promoted as a soundtrack to the film, it contained all the songs from the film and some additional songs inspired by it by Lebo M.

text: Related television series[edit]

text: In January 2016, a television series titled The Lion Guard began airing on Disney Junior, following a television pilot film The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in November 2015. The series takes place during the years in-between Kiara's first meeting with Kovu as a cub and her first hunt as a young adult.[33] It focuses on Kiara's younger brother Kion who as second-born, becomes leader of The Lion Guard, a group who protect the Pride Lands and defend the Circle of Life.

text: Kovu, Nuka, Vitani and Zira appear in the season one episode "Lions of the Outlands".


document_title: United States military casualties of war

question_text: how many american soldiers died in the world war 1

text: Overview[edit]

text:
War or conflict
Date
Total U.S. deaths
Wounded
Total U.S. casualties
Missing
Sources and notes

Combat
Other
Total

American Revolutionary War
1775–1783
8,000
17,000
25,000
25,000
50,000

Northwest Indian War
1785–1796
1,056+

1,056+
825+
1,881+

[1][2][3]

Quasi-War
1798–1800
20
494[4]
514
42
556

[4][5]

First Barbary War
1801–1805
35
39
74
64
138

[6][7]:25–27[8][9]

Other actions against pirates
1800–1900
36
158+[7]:42
194+
100+
294+

[5][10][11][b]

Chesapeake–Leopard Affair
1807
3
0
3
18
21

[5]

War of 1812
1812–1815
2,260
12,740~
15,000~
4,505
20,000~

[12]

Nuka Hiva Campaign
1813–1814
5
0
5
11
16

[7]:34–38

Creek War
1813–1814

575

[13]

Second Barbary War
1815
4
134[14]

10
148

[15]

First Seminole War
1817–1818
47
0
47
36
83

[16]

First Sumatran Expedition
1832
2

2
11
13

[5]

Black Hawk War
1832
47
258[17][18]
305
85
390

[19]

Second Seminole War
1835–1842
328
1,207
1,535

Mexican–American War
1846–1848
1,733
11,550
13,283
4,152
17,435

[20]

Cayuse War
1847–1856
40
1
41
74
115

[21]

Rogue River Wars
1851–1856
190
6
196
293
489

[22]

Yakima War
1855–1856
32
2
34
92
126

[23]

Third Seminole War
1855–1858
26

26
27
53

[24]

Second Opium War
1856–1860
12

12
39
51

[7]

Coeur d'Alene War
1858
36

36
60
96

[25]

Civil War: total
1861–1865
214,938
400K-500K
750,000~ [26]

[c][27]

Union

140,414
224,097
364,511
281,881
646,392

[28]

Confederate

74,524–94,000[29]
225,000~
299,524~

Dakota War of 1862
(Little Crow's War)
1862
70–113

70–113
150
220–263

[30][31][32]

Shimonoseki Straits
1863
4–5[5][33]
0
4–5
6[5]
10

[5][33]

Snake Indian War
1864–1868
30

30
128
158

[23]

Indian Wars
1865–1898
919

1,025

[20]

Red Cloud's War
1866–1868
126

126
100
226

[34][35][36]

Korea (Shinmiyangyo)
1871
3

3
9
12

[37]

Modoc War
1872–1873
56

56
88
144

[38][39]

Great Sioux War
1875–1877
314

314
211
525

[40][41]

Nez Perce War
1877
134

134
157
291

[42][43]

Bannock War
1878
12
0
12
22
34

[44][45]

Ute War
1879
15
0
15
52
67

[44][46]

Sheepeater Indian War
1879
1

1
10
11

[44]

Samoan crisis
1887–1889
0
62
62

62

[47]

Ghost Dance War
1890–1891
35

35
64
99

[48][49]

Sugar Point
Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians
1898
7
0
7
16
23
0
[50]

Spanish–American War
1898
385
2,061
2,446
1,622
4,068

[20]

Philippine–American War
1898–1913
1,020
3,176
4,196
2,930
7,126

[20]

Boxer Rebellion
1900–1901
68
63
131
204
335
0
[51]

Santo Domingo Affair
1904
1
0
1
2
3

[5]

United States occupation of Nicaragua
1910, 1912–1925, 1927–1933
90
69
159
290
449

[52][53][54]

Mexican Revolution
1914–1919
120
61
181
319
500

[55]

Occupation of Haiti
1915–1934
10
138
148
26+
184+

[5][56]

World War I
1917–1918
53,402
63,114
116,516
204,002
320,518
3,350
[20][d]

North Russia Campaign
1918–1920

424

[57]

American Expeditionary Force Siberia
1918–1920
160
168
328
52+
380+

[7]:228

China
1918; 1921; 1926–1927; 1930; 1937
5

78
83

[52]

World War II
1941–1945
291,557
113,842
405,399
670,846
1,076,245
30,314
[20]See Note DA below

Greek Civil War
1944-1949
1
5
6

6

[58]

Chinese Civil War
1945–1950
14
150
164
51
215

[58]

Berlin Blockade
1948–1949

31

[59]

Korean War
1950–1953
33,686
2,830
36,516
92,134
128,650
4,759
Note: 4,759 MIA-See Note E below

U.S.S.R. Cold War
1947–1991
32

12
44

[52]

China Cold War
1950–1972
16

16

[52]

Vietnam War
1955–1975
47,424
10,785
58,209
153,303
211,454
1,603
[20][60] Note as of 1 September 2017 Vietnam MIA Are 1,603

1958 Lebanon crisis
1958
1
5
6
1+
7+

Bay of Pigs Invasion
1961
4

4

4

[61]

Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
1
19
20

20

[58]

Dominican Republic
1965–1966
27
20
47
283
330

[52][58][62]

USS Liberty incident
1967
34

34
171

Iran
1980
0
8
8
4
12
0
[63]

El Salvador Civil War
1980–1992
22
15
37
35

[64][65][66][67]

Beirut deployment
1982–1984
256

266
169

[68]

Persian Gulf escorts
1987–1988
39
0
39
31

Invasion of Grenada
1983
18
1
19
119

[68]

1986 Bombing of Libya
1986
2
0
2
0
2

[69]

Invasion of Panama
1989
23

40
324

[68]

Gulf War
1990–1991
149
145
294
849
1,143
0[70]
[71]

Operation Provide Comfort
1991–1996
1
18
19
4
23

[72][73]

Somalia
1992–1993
29
14
43
153

[68]

Haiti
1994–1995
1

4
3

[68]

Colombia
1994–present
0
8[74][75]
8

[76]

Bosnia-Herzegovina
1995–2004
1
11
12

[77]

Kosovo War
1998–1999
4
14
18
N/A
18+
2
[78]

War in Afghanistan
2001–present
1,954*
471
2,356
18,675
20,904
0
[f][79][80]

Iraq War
2003–2011
3,836*
961
4,497
32,222
36,710
2
[79]

Operation Inherent Resolve
2014–
4
11
14
17
28
1
[81]

Raid on Yemen
2017
1

1
3
4

[82]

Total
1775–present
666,441+
673,929+
1,354,664+
1,498,240+
2,852,901+
40,917+

text: Wars ranked by total number of U.S. military deaths[edit]

text:
Rank
War
Years
Deaths
Deaths per Day
U.S. Population in First Year of War
Deaths per Population

1
American Civil War
1861–65
750,000 (both U.S. and Confederate)[26]
420
31,443,000
2.385% (1860)

2
World War II
1941–45
405,399
297
133,402,000
0.307% (1940)

3
World War I
1917–18
116,516
279
103,268,000
0.110% (1920)

4
Vietnam War
1961–75
58,209
11
179,323,175
0.032% (1970)

5
Korean War
1950–53
54,246
45
151,325,000
0.036% (1950)

6
American Revolutionary War
1775–83
25,000
11
2,500,000
1.00% (1780)

7
War of 1812
1812–15
15,000
15
8,000,000
0.207% (1810)

8
Mexican–American War
1846–48
13,283
29
21,406,000
0.057% (1850)

9
Iraq War/Afghanistan Wars
2001– 2014
7,222
2
294,043,000
0.002% (2010)

10
Philippine–American War
1899–1902
4,196
3.8
72,129,001
0.006% (1900)

text: "Deaths per day" is the total number of Americans killed in military service, divided by the number of days between the dates of the commencement and end of hostilities. "Deaths per population" is the total number of deaths in military service, divided by the U.S. population of the year indicated.

text:
Total U.S. Deaths by War

Civil War (both U.S. and Confederate)

750,000

World War II

405,399

World War I

116,516

Vietnam

58,209

Korean War

54,246

Revolutionary

25,000

War of 1812

15,000

Mexican American

13,283

Iraq/Afghanistan Wars* present

7,222

Philippine–American War

4,196

text: Wars ranked by U.S. combat deaths[edit]

text:
Rank
War
Years
Deaths

1
World War II
1941–45
291,557

2
American Civil War
1861–65
212,938

3
World War I
1917–18
53,402

4
Vietnam War
1955–75
47,424

5
Korean War
1950–53
33,746

6
American Revolutionary War
1775–83
8,000

7
Iraq War/War in Afghanistan
2001–2014
5,650 [83]

8
War of 1812
1812–15
2,260

9
Mexican–American War
1846–48
1,733

10
Second Seminole War
1835–1842
1,500+

text:
U.S. Combat Deaths by War

World War II

291,557

American Civil War

212,938

World War I

53,402

Vietnam

47,424

Korean War

33,746

American Revolutionary War

8,000

Iraq/Afghanistan Wars*

5,650

War of 1812

2,260

Mexican American War

1,733

Second Seminole War

1,500

text: Notes[edit]

text: a. ^ Revolutionary War: All figures from the Revolutionary War are rounded estimates. Commonly cited casualty figures provided by the Department of Defense are 4,435 killed and 6,188 wounded, although the original government report that generated these numbers warned that the totals were incomplete and far too low.[84] In 1974, historian Howard Peckham and a team of researchers came up with a total of 6,824 killed in action and 8,445 wounded. Because of incomplete records, Peckham estimated that this new total number of killed in action was still about 1,000 too low.[85] Military historian John Shy subsequently estimated the total killed in action at 8,000, and argued that the number of wounded was probably far higher, about 25,000.[86] The "other" deaths are primarily from disease, including prisoners who died on British prison ships.

text: b. ^ Other Actions Against Pirates: Includes actions fought in the West Indies, the Greek Isles, off of Louisiana, China and Vietnam. Other deaths resulted from disease and accidents.

text:
c. ^ Civil War: All Union casualty figures, and Confederate killed in action, from The Oxford Companion to American Military History except where noted (NPS figures).[20] estimate of total Confederate dead from James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (Oxford University Press, 1988), 854. Newer estimates place the total death toll at 650,000 to 850,000.[26] 148 of the Union dead were U.S. Marines.[87][88]
CA. ^ Civil War April 2, 2012 Doctor David Hacker after extensive research offered new casualty rates higher by 20%; his work has been accepted by the academic community and is represented here.

text: d. ^ World War I figures include expeditions in North Russia and Siberia. See also World War I casualties

text: da.^ World War II Note: as of March 31, 1946 there were an estimated 286,959 dead of whom 246,492 were identified; of 40,467 who were unidentified 18,641 were located {10,986 reposed in military cemeteries and 7,655 in isolated graves} and 21,826 were reported not located. As of April 6, 1946 there were 539 American Military Cemeteries which contained 241,500 dead. Note the American Battle Monuments Commission database for the World War II reports that in 18 ABMC Cemeteries total of 93,238 buried and 78,979 missing and that "The World War II database on this web site contains the names of those buried at our cemeteries, or listed as Missing in Action, buried or lost at sea. It does not contain the names of the 233,174 Americans returned to the United States for burial..." Similarly, the ABMC Records do not cover inter-War deaths such as the Port Chicago disaster in which 320 died. As of October 2017 total of US World War II casualties {Military and Civilian} not recovered is 72,979[89]

text: e. ^ Korean War: Note:[20] gives Dead as 33,746 and Wounded as 103, 284 and MIA as 8,177. The American Battle Monuments Commission database for the Korean War reports that "The Department of Defense reports that 54,246 American service men and women lost their lives during the Korean War. This includes all losses worldwide. Since the Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. honors all U.S. Military who lost their lives during the War, we have tried to obtain the names of those who died in other areas besides Korea during the period June 27, 1950 to July 27, 1954, one year after the Korean Armistice...". {For a breakdown of Worldwide casualties of 54,246 see The Korean War educator at [90] gives figures as In-theatre/non theater} After their retreat in 1950, dead Marines and soldiers were buried at a temporary gravesite near Hungnam, North Korea. During "Operation Glory" which occurred from July to November 1954 the dead of each side were exchanged; remains of 4,167 US soldiers/Marines were exchanged for 13,528 North Korean/Chinese dead.[91] After "Operation Glory" 416 Korean War "unknowns" were buried in the Punchbowl Cemetery. According to a DPMO white paper [92] 1,394 names were also transmitted during "Operation Glory" from the Chinese and North Koreans, of whom 858 names proved to be correct; of the 4,167 returned remains were found to be 4,219 individuals of whom 2,944 were found to be Americans of whom all but 416 were identified by name. Of 239 Korean War unaccounted for: 186 not associated with Punchbowl unknowns (176 were identified and of the remaining 10 cases 4 were non-Americans of Asiatic descent; one was British; 3 were identified and 2 cases unconfirmed); Of 10 Korean War "Punchbowl Unknowns" 6 were identified. The W.A. Johnson listing of 496 POWs-including 25 Civilians [93]-who died in North Korea can be found here and there[94]

text: According to report of June 24, 2008 at [95]

text:
Number of remains total unaccounted for: 8,055
Number of remains repatriated are: 489 of whom 100 are identified

text: Update of report of October 26, 2011 at [96]

text:
Number of remains total unaccounted for: 7,983
Number of remains either repatriated from North/South Korea; China; Japan or disinterred from Punchbowl cemetery: 678 of which the number have been identified from 1982 to 2011: 174

text: Listed as MIA: 7,718 [97]

text: ea. ^ Cold War – Korea and Vietnam and Middle East-additional US Casualties:

text:
North Korea {Cold War} 1959:1968-1969;1976;1984 killed 41; Wounded 5; 82 captured/released.[98]
USS Liberty incident 1967 killed 34; Wounded 173 by Israeli armed forces
Vietnam War prior to 1964-US Casualties were Laos-2 killed in 1954; and Vietnam 1946–1954 2 killed see;[99]

text: f. ^ Iraq War. See also Casualties of the Iraq War. Sources: .[100]

text: g. ^ Afghanistan. Casualties include those that occurred in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Philippines, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Yemen.