document_title: List of That '70s Show characters

question_text: who plays red's mother in that 70s show

question_tokens: who plays red 's mother in that 70s show

root

text: List of That '70s Show characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Eric Forman (portrayed by Topher Grace): The protagonist; Eric is a nice guy, generally geeky, physically slight, and somewhat clumsy. He is a smart-aleck with a fast wit and a deadpan sense of humor. He convinces his parents to let his best friend Steven Hyde move in with them, making Hyde like a brother. His father, Red, is always hard on him. Eric is in a relationship with his longtime love and neighbor Donna Pinciotti. He decides to become a teacher after high school, and he leaves the series at the end of the seventh season to teach in Africa, and returns at the series finale, reuniting with Donna.
Jackie Burkhart (portrayed by Mila Kunis): The youngest member of the group, Jackie starts the series as the pretty, rich, spoiled, selfish, conceited, and annoying immature girl. She likes to give thoughtless and superficial advice, which occasionally turns out to be correct. As the series progresses, she moves away from her self-centered ways and becomes sweeter. Partly as a result of these changes, she and Donna become better friends. By the end of the series, Jackie has dated three of the four males of the group: Kelso, Hyde, and Fez.
Michael Kelso (portrayed by Ashton Kutcher): The dim-witted pretty boy of the group who wants to coast through life on his good looks. He spends the first half of the series in a relationship with the equally vapid Jackie but their relationship comes to an end when Jackie wants to marry him and he isn't ready, so he runs away to California with Donna in the Season 4 finale. His best friend is Fez. He fathers a baby girl named Betsy during the seventh season. He becomes a police officer but gets kicked off the force because he does just about everything wrong. He gets a job as a security guard at a Playboy Club in Chicago, and leaves the series during the eighth and final season. He only appears in five episodes during season eight, including the series finale.
Steven Hyde (portrayed by Danny Masterson): Eric's best friend and the anti-establishment member of the group. By the end of season one, the Formans allow Hyde to move in after he was abandoned by his mother, making him a foster brother to Eric. Hyde has a witty, blunt, and sarcastic sense of humor, and a rebellious personality. He is also smart, and the other group members often ask for his advice. Although Hyde dates Jackie for three seasons, in the final season he marries an exotic dancer named Samantha. Hyde later discovers Samantha was still married when she married him. As Donna points out in "My Fairy King", that means Hyde and Samantha are not legally married. In the seventh season, Hyde meets his biological father (William Barnett, played by Tim Reid), a wealthy black businessman (making Hyde, who was presumed white, biracial). Barnett, who owns a chain of record stores, makes Hyde first the manager, and later the owner, of the Point Place store.
Donna Pinciotti (portrayed by Laura Prepon): Eric's longtime girlfriend (and briefly fiancée). Donna is intelligent, good-looking, and a feminist. Although she does not agree with what Jackie represents in the beginning of the series, they become friends. Donna is in a relationship with Eric for seven seasons (despite their break-up during season 4). She has brief romances with Casey, Michael's brother, and with Randy during the final season and quickly ends it. She rekindles her relationship with Eric at the end of the show's finale.
Fez (portrayed by Wilmer Valderrama): The foreign exchange student of the group whose hormones seem to be out of control. His secret country of origin is one of the longest-running gags on the show. He is sweet, friendly, perverted, gullible, and rather odd. He enjoys eating candy, drinking beer, and looking at pornography. His best friend is Kelso, and he shares a "younger brother" type relationship with Hyde and Eric. He constantly flirts with Jackie and Donna and often makes romantic advances toward them. Initially, he has a lot of trouble getting attention from girls, but during the eighth season he becomes a ladies' man. He is in love with Jackie throughout the series, but his love is not reciprocated until the eighth season when they become a couple.
Kitty Forman (portrayed by Debra Jo Rupp): Eric's mother and Red's wife, Kitty is a cheerful, doting mother, but can also be assertive when pushed. She is a nurse, and a former smoker. Her major mood swings are usually attributed to menopause. She is also a good mother figure to Eric's friends.
Red Forman (portrayed by Kurtwood Smith): Kitty's husband, Eric's and Laurie's father, and Hyde's adoptive father. Red is a Navy combat veteran, having served in World War II and the Korean War. Despite his mean exterior, Red occasionally displays a soft side. His hobbies include working with his power tools, drinking beer, watching television, reading the newspaper, hunting, and fishing.
Midge Pinciotti (portrayed by Tanya Roberts): Bob's wife, Donna's mother, and Kitty's best friend. Midge was the sexy neighborhood mom Eric and his male friends fantasized about when coming of age. Although often dim-witted, she is also a kind-hearted woman who develops feminist ideals. She and Bob divorce when she is written out of the series after the third season, however, returns during the sixth and seventh seasons in a recurring role where she and Bob almost reunite.
Bob Pinciotti (portrayed by Don Stark): Midge's husband, Donna's father. Bob often brags about his service in the National Guard, which invariably irritates Red. Bob is also known for walking around his house with his robe wide open and no underwear. He eats constantly, even in bed. Bob is almost always in a good mood and is a ladies' man. His best friend is Red, even though Red sees him as a nuisance. He usually takes the brunt of Red's abuse in a jolly manner.
Laurie Forman (portrayed by Lisa Robin Kelly/Christina Moore): Eric's beautiful but evil older sister. Laurie enjoys tormenting Eric and manipulating her parents. She is promiscuous, often seen with various men, mainly Eric's friend Kelso, who cheats on his girlfriend, Jackie. Eric, Hyde, and Donna often mock her promiscuity. She also has a strained relationship with her mother, who thinks of her as a freeloader. She leaves the series during the third season but returns in a recurring role during the fifth. In season five, she and Fez marry to prevent him from getting deported. In season six, she is portrayed by a different actress, Christina Moore.
Leo (portrayed by Tommy Chong): A hippie, and the owner of a Foto Hut at which Hyde once worked. Leo is an Army veteran who served in World War II, where he was awarded a Purple Heart. Leo often puts play before work and maintains an easy-going attitude in most things, business included. He disappears from the series after season four but is later referenced in season five's "The Battle of Evermore" when the gang goes on a mission to find him, but with no luck. He returns in season seven and remains on the series until the show's end. In season 8, he gets a new job working for Hyde at Grooves.
Randy Pearson (portrayed by Josh Meyers): The newest member of the group, who is introduced in the final season. Randy appears laid back, gentle, polite, and a ladies' man, although later many of his flaws surface. He forms a friendship with Red after showing Red how good he is at fixing things. While Hyde, Jackie, Donna, and Kelso accept him as a new member of their group, Fez does not. Randy dates Donna for the majority of season eight, but she eventually breaks up with him.

tag: ul

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Suzy Simpson (played by Alyson Hannigan) appears in three episodes of season 6. She is Kelso's buddy from police academy who is also attracted to him. Fez has a crush on Suzy and it is because of her that he and Kelso fight after Kelso lies to Fez saying that Suzy has agreed to go on a date with him when really she thinks that she is dating Kelso.
Angie Barnett (played by Megalyn Echikunwoke) is Steven Hyde's half-sister. Hyde did not know he had a sister until the 7th season. Angie graduated from college as a mathematics major. Angie and Hyde worked together managing their father's record store, but Angie did not always like working with him. She dated Kelso, which sometimes annoyed Hyde. Angie got her name because, in the seventh season, all episodes were named after Rolling Stones songs, and "Angie" was a song by the Stones.
Annette Berkardt (played by Jessica Simpson) was Michael Kelso's girlfriend for a brief period of time in season 5. She acts and talks very similar to Jackie, constantly bossing Kelso around. Eric and Donna once referred to her as a blonde version of Jackie, or "Blackie." Despite this, Jackie and Annette hated each other. Once at The Hub, Jackie said to Annette "I did not know they let 'slutballs' in here". Annette said since she saw Jackie in there she thought it was okay. Later in the episode, when Annette and Kelso were kissing, Jackie yelled "Get off my boyfriend!" to Annette, even though it was months after Kelso and Jackie broke up. This led to Hyde wanting to break up with Jackie.
Beatrice Dorothy "Bea" Sigurdson (née Heprage) (played by Betty White) is Kitty Forman's mother. Bea seems like a friendly old lady, but is cold and critical, especially of Kitty. She appeared in a few episodes in season five, often nagging at Burt or saying something rude to Kitty in a faux-friendly manner. She was widowed in "Your Time is Gonna Come" when Burt collapses in the driveway and is rushed to the hospital where he dies. She stays with the Formans for a while after Burt's death.
Bernice Rose Forman (née Larson) (September 16, 1904 – January 22, 1977) (played by Marion Ross) is Red Forman's mother. Bernice hated Kitty, and she was always mean to her, because Red married Kitty instead of another woman Bernice liked. She appeared in the episodes "Sunday, Bloody Sunday", "The Best Christmas Ever" and "Grandma's Dead" of season 1, and flashback in the episode "Halloween" of season two. In the episode Grandma's Dead she dies in Eric's car while he is driving her home.
Brooke Leslie Rockwell (played by Shannon Elizabeth) was the valedictorian of the high school class two years before Eric's class. The summer after Kelso's graduation, she had sex with him at a Molly Hatchet concert in a bathroom stall and got pregnant. Initially, Brooke did not trust Kelso because of his immaturity and did not want him in the child's life. Eventually, Kelso convinced her to give him another chance. Brooke gave birth to their daughter, Betsy in 1979.
Steven James "Bud" Hyde Jr. (played by Robert Hays) is Steven Hyde's stepfather. Bud Hyde worked as a bartender and is an alcoholic. Until the end of the 6th season, Steven Hyde thought Bud was his biological father. Bud Hyde abandoned Steven when he was a child and Steven was always angry at Bud for this. They temporarily reconciled in season 3, with Hyde even moving in with him. However, he would leave again at the beginning of season 4 after getting back together with Edna – forcing Hyde to move back to the Forman house. Hyde mentioned that Bud did attempt to get in touch with him again. (Bud was passed out drunk on Hyde's car.)
Bertrum Wayne "Burt" Sigurdson (October 4, 1901- February 6, 1978) (played by Tom Poston) is Kitty Forman's father. He is often seen avoiding his wife, Bea. In one episode, he bought an ostrich farm, which was right next to a coyote farm. The coyotes ate all the ostriches and the Sigurdsons had to sell the house. Burt died in the episode Your Time is Gonna Come.
Caroline "Crazy Caroline" Dupree (played by Allison Munn) was Fez's girlfriend in season 3. Fez quickly learned Caroline is very jealous and paranoid. She made threats against Donna and Jackie because Caroline felt they were going to steal Fez from her, when in fact Jackie and Donna had no intention of doing so. Caroline was once found hiding in the men's bathroom looking for Fez. Fez did not want to be with someone that aggressive and paranoid so he broke up with her. Fez and Caroline were together one last time in the eighth season. She got extremely angry when she found out that Fez had lied to her about Jackie being his roommate, and when she found nude photos of Donna in Fez's Barry White album (Leo hid the nude photos in the album without Fez's knowledge, but Caroline believed they were put there by Fez). Caroline appeared again in "Sheer Heart Attack". Fez was having sex with women once and not seeing them again and then decided that he wanted to be with only one woman, so he called Caroline. Later in the episode, Jackie told Fez that she loved him and then kissed him as Caroline walked in. This, as always, made Caroline angry with Fez and attack him viciously.
Casey (played by Luke Wilson) is Michael Kelso's brother who was in the military. Towards the end of season 4 he was dating Donna Pinciotti. During their relationship, there were instances of them engaging in bad behavior, such as Donna drinking and skipping school to hang out with Casey. Donna's father, Bob, felt that Casey was a bad influence and did not want Donna to date him anymore. Eric was jealous of Casey because he wanted to be with Donna, so Eric wanted them to break up. When Red Forman and Bob were discussing Casey's negative influence with Donna and Casey, Casey broke up with Donna, deciding the conflict with Bob and Red to be too much hassle. Donna felt that she and Casey were in love, but Casey felt "I love you" is just something you could say and do not have to really mean. Michael Kelso said that his brother Casey got bored with his girlfriends and broke up with them. During the summer of 1979, Casey was teaching physical education at Eric's old high school, and Eric was in Casey's class. He likes to call Eric "Foreplay". his last episode was Season 7's 2120 So. Michigan Ave.
Charlie Richardson (played by Bret Harrison) is the son of one of Red's war buddies. Eric held a grudge against him from the time that he let some sick children win "Eric's" goldfish in an egg toss. Charlie only appeared in about three episodes towards the end of Season 7. Before the beginning of Season 8, Charlie accidentally fell off the water tower and died. The water tower is named the Charlie Richardson Memorial Water Tower in his honor. The original idea was to have Charlie stay on the show the entire 8th season as a replacement for Eric, but the actor got an offer for his own show so they killed his character off.
Christine St. George (played by Mary Tyler Moore) is a talk show host of What's Up Wisconsin. In the episode "Sweet Lady", Jackie felt she was destined to be Christine's co-host on the show. She persistently tries to get the job, but Christine St. George makes Jackie her assistant instead. After a few episodes, Jackie was fired for knowing too much about her.
Earl (played by Robert Clendenin) is a friend of Red's who worked for Red at Price Mart. Earl frequently came to work late and slacked off on his job, so Red fired him. After that, Earl sued Red for wrongful termination, however, Earl arrived too late to his own hearing, so the judge ruled in favor of Red. Later, Earl got a job working at a fast food restaurant, where he is again fired for his poor work ethic (this time for repeatedly eating the restaurant's food while on work). Earl appears in the episodes "Red Fired Up", "Roller Disco" and "Radio Daze".
Edna Hyde (played by Katey Sagal) is Steven Hyde's biological mother. She is only in the Season 1 episodes "Career Day", "Prom Night", and "Punk Chick", though she only appears in "Career Day". She plays a large part in "Career Day", playing opposite Hyde when on Career Day, he has to help her in the kitchen (she was the school chef, "Gross Edna" at the time). In other episodes she only has lines yelling at Hyde on the porch from the inside of the house such as:

In Prom Night Edna: "They're all gonna laugh at you!" (a reference to the 1976 film Carrie) Steven: "Shut up ma, you're makin' the night too damn special!"
In Punk Chick Steven: "It's still my suitcase!" Edna: "Nothing in this house is yours!" Steven: "Shut up!"

text:
Fenton, also known as Clerk in Season 5, (played by Jim Rash) is someone with whom Fez has a feud due to a "half-off sale, a crowded parking lot and a pair of pants that made Fez's ass look like an oil painting" in Fez's own words. In the fifth season, he was an employee at the jewelry store where Eric bought Donna's engagement ring. He is also the landlord of the apartment that Fez and Kelso moved into in the seventh season, which later became Fez and Jackie's apartment when Kelso moved to Chicago. At first, Fenton did not want to let Kelso and Fez move in because of his feud with Fez, but later when he found out Kelso wanted the apartment to have a place to take care of his daughter, and Fenton got the impression that Kelso and Fez were "life partners", he let them have it. Though Fenton does not state this explicitly, his frequent innuendos about men and his lack of experience with women imply he is gay. Whenever he sees Fez, he says "Oh, It's you" in an evil manner. Fenton later becomes good friends with Jackie, who persuades him not to evict Fez and end their feud when she accidentally floods their apartment.
Hilary Robinson (played by Lara Everly) is Fez's co-worker at the salon where Fez works in season 8. Fez tried to impress her by trying to look cool which intimidated her, but when Jackie explained to her who Fez really was, she fell in love with him. Fez and Hilary dated for a few weeks, before Hilary suddenly decided to become a nun and left Fez.
Jack Burkhart (played by Paul Kreppel) is the father of Jackie Burkhart. He was arrested for bribery and embezzling $60,000.
Joanne (played by Mo Gaffney) is a girlfriend of Bob Pinciotti, who appears in Seasons 4 and 5. She met Bob at the supermarket when Bob, being unable to cook, was about to buy a dozen TV dinners. Joanne decided to teach Bob to make a meatloaf so he would not have to buy the TV dinners. She does not get along well with Red. When Red and Joanne first met, they got into an argument about who would cook the meat and who would make the salad. Joanne works at the dog food factory and hires Eric to work there to put coupons in the dog food bags. Eric would eventually lose that job after Joanne broke up with Bob.
Mitch Miller (played by Seth Green) is a student in the same class as Eric. Mitch had a feud with Fez and because of this conflict, Mitch published a photo of Fez and Kelso kissing each other in the school newspaper. Mitch had a crush on Donna Pinciotti, and one time Donna went to a wedding with Mitch. Eric was angered when Mitch embarrassed Donna, and Eric and Mitch agreed to fight each other the next day at 5:15 PM. Not wanting to fight, Mitch persuaded Eric not to fight with him by offering him a French-made GI Joe called "GI Jacques". Mitch has a father, Charlie Miller, played by Fred Willard.
Nina Jo Bartell (played by Joanna Canton) is a girlfriend of Fez in season 5 who worked with him at the DMV. Fez lost his virginity to her, but it went badly, so she suggested they needed to do it more often to get better. They broke up a while later because Nina thought he was too needy.
Officer Phillip Otis Kennedy II (played by James Avery) is Kelso's training officer when he joins the police force. He appears mostly in the 6th season, playing a straight ace to the bumbling Kelso.
Pam Burkhart (played by Eve Plumb in Season 1 and Brooke Shields in Season 6) is the mother of Jackie Burkhart who was dating Bob Pinciotti in season 6. Once a serious business lady, she fled to Mexico when Jackie's councilman father was arrested for bribery and embezzling $60,000. She returned to try to fix her relationship between her and Jackie.
Pam Macy (played by Jennifer Lyons) is a classmate of the main characters of the show. She has been mentioned in more episodes than she appeared. She appeared in the episodes "Prom Night", "Romantic Weekend", and "It's a Wonderful life". In "Prom Night", Michael Kelso took Pam to the prom while temporarily broken up with Jackie. In "Romantic Weekend", Kelso was about to have sex with Pam but was unable to perform, telling his friends "The buffer wouldn't buff". Pam told this to the whole school, which caused everyone to tease Kelso about it.
Pastor Dave (played by Kevin McDonald), Pastor Dave is the local pastor at the church. He is overly cheerful and (incorrectly) thinks he is up to date with the trends, and is "hip and cool". He is often greeted by Eric and his friends with deadpan voices, and they typically just agree with Dave in the hopes he'll go away. Dave is good friends with Kitty, who helps with the church fundraisers, and has an uneasy friendship with Red (mostly because Red is not used to having friends). His friendship with Red seems to have brought out a less-pure side of Dave, as he spends a day with Red watching football and drinking beer, and once even quit the church because he wanted to watch more football on Sundays (he later rejoins as the pastor again). He appears primarily in Season 3 and 4, but has a few cameos in Season 2.
Rhonda (played by Cynthia Lamontagne) Often called Big Rhonda by her classmates, she was a recurring character during season 4. She was Fez's girlfriend during this season. When she and Fez were stuck in the school during a tornado, he was about to have sex with Big Rhonda, but after the tornado was gone, she did not want to anymore. She broke up with Fez after she choked him after he wanted to get to third base, which came from bad advice from Casey Kelso. Like Fez, she loves candy. The episode "It's a Wonderful Life" featured an alternate timeline, where Rhonda went to the prom with Eric (in this timeline, Eric and Donna were never in a relationship). Later in the same episode, she is seen at their 10-year reunion but now as a trim and beautiful woman (which Rhonda attributes to being dumped by a gigantic loser like Eric). It was also mentioned in the season three episode "Kitty's Birthday" that she was hit by a car but was apparently uninjured.
Roy Keen (played by Jim Gaffigan) is the kitchen manager of the Holliday Hotel who employed Eric, Hyde, and Kelso to work as waiters in the hotel's restaurant during seasons 5 and 6. The character serves as the replacement of Leo who was written out during season 5, although he had been absent for several episodes. It was mentioned by Hyde that Roy was like a father figure when his father abandoned him. Roy has stated that his standards for food service are low and he goes days without washing his hands. Roy served in the Vietnam War, once describing Eric as "scrawny, but strong... like the Vietcong". He suffers from serious trouble connecting to people. At one time he got the impression a woman was in love with him, after she insulted him when he got her some butter, and hid in her shower to surprise her with flowers. He once mentioned he was living with a woman, but moved out when she found out he was living with her in secret. It is revealed in the season 6 episode "A Legal Matter" that he was a police cadet who was oust of the police academy for shooting a police horse.
Samantha Hyde (played by Judy Tylor) is Hyde's wife during season 8. They got married while Hyde was drunk in Las Vegas. The two barely knew each other when they got married. Hyde did not even remember the wedding and did not know he was married until after Samantha came to Point Place to see Hyde. In the episode "My Fairy King", Hyde learned that Samantha was already married to someone else. After this, Hyde and Samantha's relationship ended.
Schatzie is a Dachshund that Red gave Kitty in an attempt to make her happy. Schatzie was in several episodes of season 5, was absent for all of season 6, then returned for only one episode towards the beginning of season 7. Red claimed that his absence was due to hiding under the house because he was afraid of the garden hose. "Schatzie" is German and means "little treasure" or "darling" (diminutive of "Schatz").
Timmy Thompson (played by Paul Connor) is a student who went to high school with Eric, Donna, Hyde, Fez, Kelso, and Jackie. To the annoyance of some of the gang, he announces comments to the room that start with "Heeey...", such as:

"Heeey, Forman and Donna got a motel room and they're going to do it!"
"Heeey, I'm taking off my pants!"
"Heeey, Forman's on a date with his mom!"
"Heeey, Donna's showed her ass!" (while showing everyone a yearbook photo where Donna mooned the camera).
He only has real dialogue in the episode "Burning Down The House".

William James "WB" Barnett (played by Tim Reid) is Steven Hyde's biological father. Hyde originally thought Bud Hyde was his biological father until the cliffhanger between the 6th and 7th seasons, where Kitty discovers that Steven's real father is a man who lives in Milwaukee. Sometimes people call William Barnett by his initials, WB. Barnett is wealthy and owns Grooves, a chain of record stores. Barnett put Steven in charge of the Point Place record store along with his daughter (and Hyde's half sister), Angie. Barnett is black, which Hyde believes explains his "coolness, afro and suspicion of the man" (it can also be noted that when Hyde asked him who killed Kennedy his father stated "I don't know, because they don't want me to know"). WB's last on-screen appearance is in the first half of the series finale which is the twenty-first episode of the eighth season, "Love of My Life" (WB had already appeared in the fourteenth episode of that season, "Son and Daughter").

text: Intended recurring roles[edit]

text: Several characters on the series were written as recurring, but made only one appearance. Among them:

tag: p

text:
Tina Pinciotti (played by Amanda Fuller) was the younger sister of regular Donna Pinciotti. She first appeared in "Eric's Burger Job", but made no appearances following that, except for a brief mention in the episode "Vanstock". A similar situation occurred with unseen Valerie Pinciotti. The two are later written out with no explanation, as demonstrated in the season seven premiere, when Kitty refers to Donna as Bob and Midge's only daughter
Valerie Pinciotti was the older sister of Donna Pinciotti and Tina Pinciotti, who in "Eric's Birthday" was said to be away at college but never mentioned again.
Matthew and Rebecca Erdman (played by Kevin Farley and Shannon Holt) were the prudish host parents of Fez. They first appeared in "Drive-In" and convince Fez the rock they detest is diabolical by playing KISS album backwards. Fez's host parents make no further appearances in the show.
Buddy Morgan (played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt) was introduced in "Eric's Buddy", and was intended to become a recurring character. However, the introduction of homosexual Buddy as a love interest for Eric (at a time when both Eric and Hyde were competing for Donna) did not go over well with audiences, and Buddy was cut from the show.
Melissa (played by Reagan Gomez-Preston) appeared in "Hyde Gets the Girl" as a potential love interest for Hyde. She was intended to become his on-off girlfriend.
Patty (played by Lindsay Sloane) appeared in two episodes in the series' second season. She is introduced in "Eric Gets Suspended" along with her best friend, Mary (played by Melissa Joan Hart). The two go on a double blind date with Hyde and Fez. Hyde initially pairs with Mary, and Fez with Patty; but in the course of the date Hyde tells Fez to swap dates because he is hitting it off with Patty. Patty then returned in "Eric and Kitty's Night Out". In the episode, Fez and Patty become boyfriend and girlfriend. Patty's role and impact in the episode implies an intention to continue the character's appearance in the series. However, with no explanation in the show Patty is not seen or mentioned again.


document_title: Academy Award for Best Picture

question_text: who won the oscar for the best picture

question_tokens: who won the oscar for the best picture

text: Academy Award for Best Picture

text: History[edit]

text: Category name changes[edit]

text: At the 1st Academy Awards ceremony (for 1927 and 1928), there were two categories of awards that were each considered the top award of the night: Outstanding Picture and Unique and Artistic Picture, the former being won by the war epic Wings, and the latter by the art film Sunrise. Each award was intended to honor different and equally important aspects of superior filmmaking.

text: The following year, the Academy dropped the Unique and Artistic Picture award, and decided retroactively that the award won by Wings was the highest honor that could be awarded.[7] Though the award kept the title Outstanding Picture for the next ceremony, the name underwent several changes over the years as seen below. Since 1962, the award has been simply called Best Picture.[6]

text:
1927/28–1928/29: Academy Award for Outstanding Picture
1929/30–1940: Academy Award for Outstanding Production
1941–1943: Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture
1944–1961: Academy Award for Best Motion Picture
1962–present: Academy Award for Best Picture

text: Recipients[edit]

text: Until 1950, this award was presented to a representative of the production company. That year the protocol was changed so that the award was presented to all credited producers. This rule was modified in 1998 to apply a limit of three producers receiving the award, after the five producers of Shakespeare in Love had received the award.[8][9][10]

text: As of 2014[update], the "Special Rules for the Best Picture of the Year Award" limit recipients to those who meet two main requirements:[11]

text:
Those with screen credit of "producer" or "produced by"
those three or fewer producers who have performed the major portion of the producing functions

text: The rules allow "bona fide team[s] of not more than two people to be considered to be a single 'producer' if the two individuals have had an established producing partnership for at least the previous five years and as a producing team have produced a minimum of five theatrically released feature motion pictures during that time.[11]

text: The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack were posthumously included among the four producers nominated for The Reader.[12] As of 2014 the Producers Branch Executive Committee determines such exceptions, noting they take place only in "rare and extraordinary circumstance[s]."[11]

text: Steven Spielberg currently holds the record for most nominations at ten, winning one, while Kathleen Kennedy holds the record for most nominations without a win at eight. Sam Spiegel and Saul Zaentz tie for the most wins with three each. As for the time when the Oscar was given to production companies instead, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer holds the record with five wins and 40 nominations.

text: Best Picture and Best Director[edit]

text: The Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director have been closely linked throughout their history. Of the 90 films that have won Best Picture, 63 have also been awarded Best Director. Only four films have been awarded Best Picture without receiving a Best Director nomination: Wings (1927/28), Grand Hotel (1931/32), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), and Argo (2012). The only two Best Director winners to win for films that did not receive a Best Picture nomination were during the early years of the awards: Lewis Milestone for Two Arabian Knights (1927/28), and Frank Lloyd for The Divine Lady (1928/29).[13]

text: Nomination limit increased[edit]

text: On June 24, 2009, AMPAS announced that the number of films to be nominated in the Best Picture award category would increase from five to ten, starting with the 82nd Academy Awards (2009).[14] The expansion was a throwback to the Academy's early years in the 1930s and 1940s, when eight to 12 films were nominated each year. "Having 10 Best Picture nominees is going to allow Academy voters to recognize and include some of the fantastic movies that often show up in the other Oscar categories but have been squeezed out of the race for the top prize," AMPAS President Sid Ganis said in a press conference. "I can't wait to see what that list of 10 looks like when the nominees are announced in February."[14]

text: At the same time, the voting system was switched from first-past-the-post to instant runoff voting (also known as preferential voting).[15] Two years after this change, the Academy revised the rule again so that the number of films nominated was between five and ten; nominated films must earn either 5% of first-place rankings or 5% after an abbreviated variation of the single transferable vote nominating process.[16] Bruce Davis, the Academy executive director at the time, said, "A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit. If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldn't feel an obligation to round out the number."[17]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: One point of contention with the award is the lack of consideration of non-English language films for Best Picture. Only nine foreign language films have been nominated in the category: Grand Illusion (French, 1938); Z (French, 1969); The Emigrants (Swedish, 1972); Cries and Whispers (Swedish, 1973); The Postman (Il Postino) (Italian/Spanish, 1995); Life Is Beautiful (Italian, 1998); Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Mandarin Chinese, 2000); Letters from Iwo Jima (Japanese, 2006, but ineligible for Best Foreign Language Film, as it was an American production); and Amour (French, 2012).[18]

text: Only nine films wholly financed outside the United States have won Best Picture, eight of which were financed, in part or in whole, by the United Kingdom. Those films being: Hamlet (1948), Tom Jones (1963), A Man for All Seasons (1966), Chariots of Fire (1981), Gandhi (1982), The Last Emperor (1987), Slumdog Millionaire (2008), and The King's Speech (2010). The ninth film, The Artist, (2011) was financed by France.[19]

text: In 2017, at the 89th Academy Awards, presenters Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty read La La Land as the winner of the award. However, they had mistakenly been given the envelope for the "Best Actress in a Leading Role" award, which Emma Stone had won for her role in La La Land moments prior. When the mistake was realized, the show's producers rushed onstage to correct it; in the resulting chaos, it was La La Land producer Jordan Horowitz who finally announced that Moonlight was the real winner.[20]

text: Sequel nominations and winners[edit]

text: Few sequels have been nominated for Best Picture; two have won: The Godfather Part II and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Other nominees include The Bells of St. Mary's, The Godfather Part III, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, Toy Story 3, and Mad Max: Fury Road.[18]

text: Another nominee, Broadway Melody of 1936, was a follow-up of sorts to previous winner The Broadway Melody. But, beyond the title and some music, there is no story connection to the earlier film. The Silence of the Lambs was adapted from the sequel novel to Red Dragon. The latter had been adapted for film as Manhunter by a different studio. Best Picture nominee The Lion in Winter features Peter O'Toole as King Henry II, a role he had played previously in the film Becket. But Winter is not a sequel to Becket. Clint Eastwood's Letters from Iwo Jima was a companion piece to his film Flags of Our Fathers, released earlier the same year. These two films depict the same battle from the different viewpoints of Japanese and United States military forces; the two films were shot back-to-back.

text: Several musical adaptations based on material previously filmed in non-musical form have won Best Picture, including Gigi, West Side Story, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, Oliver!, and Chicago.

text: Silent film winners[edit]

text: This article appears to contradict another article. Please see discussion on the linked talk page. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The Artist (with the exception of a single scene of dialogue, and dream sequence with sound effects) was the first silent film since Wings to win Best Picture. It was the first silent nominee since 1928's The Patriot. It was the first Best Picture winner to be shot entirely in black-and-white since 1960's The Apartment. (Schindler's List, the 1993 winner, was predominantly black-and-white but it did contain some color sequences).[19]

text: Version availability[edit]

text: No Best Picture winner has been lost, though a few such as All Quiet on the Western Front and Lawrence of Arabia exist only in a form altered from their original, award-winning release form. This has usually been due to editing for reissue (and subsequently partly restored by archivists). Other winners and nominees, such as Tom Jones and Star Wars, are widely available only in subsequently altered versions. The Broadway Melody originally had some sequences photographed in two-color Technicolor. This footage survives only in black and white.[21]

text: The 1928 film The Patriot is the only Best Picture nominee that is lost (about one-third is extant).[22] The Racket, also from 1928, was believed lost for many years until a print was found in Howard Hughes' archives. It has since been restored and shown on Turner Classic Movies.[23] The only surviving complete prints of 1931's East Lynne and 1934's The White Parade exist within the UCLA film archive.[24]

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: In the list below, winners are listed first in the colored row, followed by the other nominees.[6] Except for the early years (when the Academy used a non-calendar year), the year shown is the one in which the film first premiered in Los Angeles County, California; normally this is also the year of first release, however, it may be the year after first release (as with Casablanca and, if the film-festival premiere is considered, Crash). This is also the year before the ceremony at which the award is given; for example, a film exhibited theatrically during 2005 was eligible for consideration for the 2005 Best Picture Oscar, awarded in 2006. The number of the ceremony (1st, 2nd, etc.) appears in parentheses after the awards year, linked to the article on that ceremony. Each individual entry shows the title followed by nominee.

text: Until 1950, the Best Picture award was given to the production company; from 1951 on, it has gone to the producer or producers. The Academy used the producer credits of the Producers Guild of America (PGA) until 1998, when all five producers of Shakespeare in Love made speeches after its win.[8][9] A three-producer limit has been applied some years since.[9][10] There was controversy over the exclusion of some PGA-credited producers of Crash and Little Miss Sunshine.[10] The Academy can make exceptions to the limit, as when Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack were posthumously among the four nominated for The Reader.[12] However, now any number of producers on a film can be nominated for Best Picture, should they be deemed eligible.

text: For the first ceremony, three films were nominated for the award. For the following three years, five films were nominated for the award. This was expanded to eight in 1933, to ten in 1934, and to twelve in 1935, before being dropped back to ten in 1937. In 1945 it was further reduced to five. This number remained until 2009, when the limit was raised to ten and later adjusted in 2011, to vary between five and ten.

text: For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928, and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1927/28
(1st)

Wings
Paramount Famous Lasky

The Racket
The Caddo Company

7th Heaven
Fox

1928/29
(2nd)
[note 1]

The Broadway Melody
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Alibi
Feature Productions

Hollywood Revue
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

In Old Arizona
Fox

The Patriot
Paramount Famous Lasky

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1929/30
(3rd)

All Quiet on the Western Front
Universal

The Big House
Cosmopolitan

Disraeli
Warner Bros.

The Divorcee
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Love Parade
Paramount Famous Lasky

1930/31
(4th)

Cimarron
RKO Radio

East Lynne
Fox

The Front Page
The Caddo Company

Skippy
Paramount Publix

Trader Horn
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

1931/32
(5th)

Grand Hotel
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Arrowsmith
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

Bad Girl
Fox

The Champ
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Five Star Final
First National

One Hour with You
Paramount Publix

Shanghai Express
Paramount Publix

The Smiling Lieutenant
Paramount Publix

1932/33
(6th)
[note 2]

Cavalcade
Fox

42nd Street
Warner Bros.

A Farewell to Arms
Paramount

I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang
Warner Bros.

Lady for a Day
Columbia

Little Women
RKO Radio

The Private Life of Henry VIII
London Films

She Done Him Wrong
Paramount

Smilin' Through
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

State Fair
Fox

1934
(7th)
[note 3]

It Happened One Night
Columbia

The Barretts of Wimpole Street
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Cleopatra
Paramount

Flirtation Walk
First National

The Gay Divorcee
RKO Radio

Here Comes the Navy
Warner Bros.

The House of Rothschild
20th Century

Imitation of Life
Universal

One Night of Love
Columbia

The Thin Man
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Viva Villa!
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The White Parade
Jesse L. Lasky (production company)

1935
(8th)
[note 4]

Mutiny on the Bounty
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Alice Adams
RKO Radio

Broadway Melody of 1936
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Captain Blood
Cosmopolitan

David Copperfield
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Informer
RKO Radio

The Lives of a Bengal Lancer
Paramount

A Midsummer Night's Dream
Warner Bros.

Les Misérables
20th Century

Naughty Marietta
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Ruggles of Red Gap
Paramount

Top Hat
RKO Radio

1936
(9th)

The Great Ziegfeld
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Anthony Adverse
Warner Bros.

Dodsworth
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

Libeled Lady
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
Columbia

Romeo and Juliet
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

San Francisco
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Story of Louis Pasteur
Cosmopolitan

A Tale of Two Cities
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Three Smart Girls
Universal

1937
(10th)

The Life of Emile Zola
Warner Bros.

The Awful Truth
Columbia

Captains Courageous
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Dead End
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

The Good Earth
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

In Old Chicago
20th Century-Fox

Lost Horizon
Columbia

One Hundred Men and a Girl
Universal

Stage Door
RKO Radio

A Star Is Born
Selznick International Pictures

1938
(11th)

You Can't Take It with You
Columbia

The Adventures of Robin Hood
Warner Bros.-First National

Alexander's Ragtime Band
20th Century-Fox

Boys Town
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Citadel
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Four Daughters
Warner Bros.-First National

Grand Illusion
Realization D'Art Cinematographique

Jezebel
Warner Bros.

Pygmalion
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Test Pilot
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

1939
(12th)

Gone with the Wind
Selznick International Pictures

Dark Victory
Warner Bros.-First National

Goodbye, Mr. Chips
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Love Affair
RKO Radio

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Columbia

Ninotchka
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Of Mice and Men
Hal Roach (production company)

Stagecoach
Walter Wanger (production company)

The Wizard of Oz
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Wuthering Heights
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1940
(13th)

Rebecca
Selznick International Pictures

All This, and Heaven Too
Warner Bros.

Foreign Correspondent
Walter Wanger (production company)

The Grapes of Wrath
20th Century-Fox

The Great Dictator
Charles Chaplin Productions

Kitty Foyle
RKO Radio

The Letter
Warner Bros.

The Long Voyage Home
Argosy-Wanger

Our Town
Sol Lesser (production company)

The Philadelphia Story
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

1941
(14th)

How Green Was My Valley
20th Century-Fox

Blossoms in the Dust
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Citizen Kane
Mercury

Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Columbia

Hold Back the Dawn
Paramount

The Little Foxes
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

The Maltese Falcon
Warner Bros.

One Foot in Heaven
Warner Bros.

Sergeant York
Warner Bros.

Suspicion
RKO Radio

1942
(15th)

Mrs. Miniver
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Invaders
Ortus

Kings Row
Warner Bros.

The Magnificent Ambersons
Mercury

The Pied Piper
20th Century-Fox

The Pride of the Yankees
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

Random Harvest
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Talk of the Town
Columbia

Wake Island
Paramount

Yankee Doodle Dandy
Warner Bros.

1943
(16th)

Casablanca
Warner Bros.

For Whom the Bell Tolls
Paramount

Heaven Can Wait
20th Century-Fox

The Human Comedy
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

In Which We Serve
Two Cities Films

Madame Curie
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The More the Merrier
Columbia

The Ox-Bow Incident
20th Century-Fox

The Song of Bernadette
20th Century-Fox

Watch on the Rhine
Warner Bros.

1944
(17th)

Going My Way
Paramount

Double Indemnity
Paramount

Gaslight
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Since You Went Away
Selznick International Pictures

Wilson
20th Century-Fox

1945
(18th)

The Lost Weekend
Paramount

Anchors Aweigh
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Bells of St. Mary's
Rainbow Productions

Mildred Pierce
Warner Bros.

Spellbound
Selznick International Pictures

1946
(19th)

The Best Years of Our Lives
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

Henry V
Two Cities Films

It's a Wonderful Life
Liberty Films

The Razor's Edge
20th Century-Fox

The Yearling
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

1947
(20th)

Gentleman's Agreement
20th Century-Fox

The Bishop's Wife
Samuel Goldwyn Productions

Crossfire
RKO Radio

Great Expectations
J. Arthur Rank-Cineguild

Miracle on 34th Street
20th Century-Fox

1948
(21st)

Hamlet
J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films

Johnny Belinda
Warner Bros.

The Red Shoes
J. Arthur Rank-Archers

The Snake Pit
20th Century-Fox

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
Warner Bros.

1949
(22nd)

All the King's Men
Robert Rossen Productions

Battleground
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Heiress
Paramount

A Letter to Three Wives
20th Century-Fox

Twelve O'Clock High
20th Century-Fox

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1950
(23rd)

All About Eve
20th Century-Fox

Born Yesterday
Columbia

Father of the Bride
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

King Solomon's Mines
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Sunset Boulevard
Paramount

1951
(24th)

An American in Paris
Arthur Freed

Decision Before Dawn
Anatole Litvak and Frank McCarthy

A Place in the Sun
George Stevens

Quo Vadis
Sam Zimbalist

A Streetcar Named Desire
Charles K. Feldman

1952
(25th)

The Greatest Show on Earth
Cecil B. DeMille

High Noon
Stanley Kramer

Ivanhoe
Pandro S. Berman

Moulin Rouge
John Huston, John Woolf and James Woolf

The Quiet Man
John Ford and Merian C. Cooper

1953
(26th)

From Here to Eternity
Buddy Adler

Julius Caesar
John Houseman

The Robe
Frank Ross

Roman Holiday
William Wyler

Shane
George Stevens

1954
(27th)

On the Waterfront
Sam Spiegel

The Caine Mutiny
Stanley Kramer

The Country Girl
William Perlberg

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers
Jack Cummings

Three Coins in the Fountain
Sol C. Siegel

1955
(28th)

Marty
Harold Hecht

Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing
Buddy Adler

Mister Roberts
Leland Hayward

Picnic
Fred Kohlmar

The Rose Tattoo
Hal B. Wallis

1956
(29th)

Around the World in 80 Days
Michael Todd

Friendly Persuasion
William Wyler

Giant
George Stevens and Henry Ginsberg

The King and I
Charles Brackett

The Ten Commandments
Cecil B. DeMille

1957
(30th)

The Bridge on the River Kwai
Sam Spiegel

12 Angry Men
Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose

Peyton Place
Jerry Wald

Sayonara
William Goetz

Witness for the Prosecution
Arthur Hornblow Jr.

1958
(31st)

Gigi
Arthur Freed

Auntie Mame
Jack L. Warner

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Lawrence Weingarten

The Defiant Ones
Stanley Kramer

Separate Tables
Harold Hecht

1959
(32nd)

Ben-Hur
Sam Zimbalist

Anatomy of a Murder
Otto Preminger

The Diary of Anne Frank
George Stevens

The Nun's Story
Henry Blanke

Room at the Top
John Woolf and James Woolf

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1960
(33rd)

The Apartment
Billy Wilder

The Alamo
John Wayne

Elmer Gantry
Bernard Smith

Sons and Lovers
Jerry Wald

The Sundowners
Fred Zinnemann

1961
(34th)

West Side Story
Robert Wise

Fanny
Joshua Logan

The Guns of Navarone
Carl Foreman

The Hustler
Robert Rossen

Judgment at Nuremberg
Stanley Kramer

1962
(35th)

Lawrence of Arabia
Sam Spiegel

The Longest Day
Darryl F. Zanuck

The Music Man
Morton DaCosta

Mutiny on the Bounty
Aaron Rosenberg

To Kill a Mockingbird
Alan J. Pakula

1963
(36th)

Tom Jones
Tony Richardson

America America
Elia Kazan

Cleopatra
Walter Wanger

How the West Was Won
Bernard Smith

Lilies of the Field
Ralph Nelson

1964
(37th)

My Fair Lady
Jack L. Warner

Becket
Hal B. Wallis

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
Stanley Kubrick

Mary Poppins
Walt Disney and Bill Walsh

Zorba the Greek
Michael Cacoyannis

1965
(38th)

The Sound of Music
Robert Wise

Darling
Joseph Janni

Doctor Zhivago
Carlo Ponti

Ship of Fools
Stanley Kramer

A Thousand Clowns
Fred Coe

1966
(39th)

A Man for All Seasons
Fred Zinnemann

Alfie
Lewis Gilbert

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming
Norman Jewison

The Sand Pebbles
Robert Wise

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Ernest Lehman

1967
(40th)

In the Heat of the Night
Walter Mirisch

Bonnie and Clyde
Warren Beatty

Doctor Dolittle
Arthur P. Jacobs

The Graduate
Lawrence Turman

Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Stanley Kramer

1968
(41st)

Oliver!
John Woolf

Funny Girl
Ray Stark

The Lion in Winter
Martin Poll

Rachel, Rachel
Paul Newman

Romeo and Juliet
Anthony Havelock-Allan and John Brabourne

1969
(42nd)

Midnight Cowboy
Jerome Hellman

Anne of the Thousand Days
Hal B. Wallis

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
John Foreman

Hello, Dolly!
Ernest Lehman

Z
Jacques Perrin and Ahmed Rachedi

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1970
(43rd)

Patton
Frank McCarthy

Airport
Ross Hunter

Five Easy Pieces
Bob Rafelson and Richard Wechsler

Love Story
Howard G. Minsky

M*A*S*H
Ingo Preminger

1971
(44th)

The French Connection
Philip D'Antoni

A Clockwork Orange
Stanley Kubrick

Fiddler on the Roof
Norman Jewison

The Last Picture Show
Stephen J. Friedman

Nicholas and Alexandra
Sam Spiegel

1972
(45th)

The Godfather
Albert S. Ruddy

Cabaret
Cy Feuer

Deliverance
John Boorman

The Emigrants
Bengt Forslund

Sounder
Robert B. Radnitz

1973
(46th)

The Sting
Tony Bill, Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips

American Graffiti
Francis Ford Coppola and Gary Kurtz

Cries and Whispers
Ingmar Bergman

The Exorcist
William Peter Blatty

A Touch of Class
Melvin Frank

1974
(47th)

The Godfather Part II
Francis Ford Coppola, Gray Frederickson and Fred Roos

Chinatown
Robert Evans

The Conversation
Francis Ford Coppola

Lenny
Marvin Worth

The Towering Inferno
Irwin Allen

1975
(48th)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz

Barry Lyndon
Stanley Kubrick

Dog Day Afternoon
Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand

Jaws
Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown

Nashville
Robert Altman

1976
(49th)

Rocky
Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff

All the President's Men
Walter Coblenz

Bound for Glory
Robert F. Blumofe and Harold Leventhal

Network
Howard Gottfried

Taxi Driver
Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips

1977
(50th)

Annie Hall
Charles H. Joffe

The Goodbye Girl
Ray Stark

Julia
Richard Roth

Star Wars
Gary Kurtz

The Turning Point
Herbert Ross and Arthur Laurents

1978
(51st)

The Deer Hunter
Barry Spikings, Michael Deeley, Michael Cimino and John Peverall

Coming Home
Jerome Hellman

Heaven Can Wait
Warren Beatty

Midnight Express
Alan Marshall and David Puttnam

An Unmarried Woman
Paul Mazursky and Tony Ray

1979
(52nd)

Kramer vs. Kramer
Stanley R. Jaffe

All That Jazz
Robert Alan Aurthur

Apocalypse Now
Francis Ford Coppola, Fred Roos, Gray Frederickson and Tom Sternberg

Breaking Away
Peter Yates

Norma Rae
Tamara Asseyev and Alex Rose

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1980
(53rd)

Ordinary People
Ronald L. Schwary

Coal Miner's Daughter
Bernard Schwartz

The Elephant Man
Jonathan Sanger

Raging Bull
Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff

Tess
Claude Berri and Timothy Burrill

1981
(54th)

Chariots of Fire
David Puttnam

Atlantic City
Denis Héroux

On Golden Pond
Bruce Gilbert

Raiders of the Lost Ark
Frank Marshall

Reds
Warren Beatty

1982
(55th)

Gandhi
Richard Attenborough

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
Steven Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy

Missing
Edward Lewis and Mildred Lewis

Tootsie
Sydney Pollack and Dick Richards

The Verdict
Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown

1983
(56th)

Terms of Endearment
James L. Brooks

The Big Chill
Michael Shamberg

The Dresser
Peter Yates

The Right Stuff
Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff

Tender Mercies
Philip S. Hobel

1984
(57th)

Amadeus
Saul Zaentz

The Killing Fields
David Puttnam

A Passage to India
John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin

Places in the Heart
Arlene Donovan

A Soldier's Story
Norman Jewison, Ronald L. Schwary and Patrick Palmer

1985
(58th)

Out of Africa
Sydney Pollack

The Color Purple
Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Quincy Jones

Kiss of the Spider Woman
David Weisman

Prizzi's Honor
John Foreman

Witness
Edward S. Feldman

1986
(59th)

Platoon
Arnold Kopelson

Children of a Lesser God
Burt Sugarman and Patrick J. Palmer

Hannah and Her Sisters
Robert Greenhut

The Mission
Fernando Ghia and David Puttnam

A Room with a View
Ismail Merchant

1987
(60th)

The Last Emperor
Jeremy Thomas

Broadcast News
James L. Brooks

Fatal Attraction
Stanley R. Jaffe and Sherry Lansing

Hope and Glory
John Boorman

Moonstruck
Patrick J. Palmer and Norman Jewison

1988
(61st)

Rain Man
Mark Johnson

The Accidental Tourist
Lawrence Kasdan, Charles Okun and Michael Grillo

Dangerous Liaisons
Norma Heyman and Hank Moonjean

Mississippi Burning
Frederick Zollo and Robert F. Colesberry

Working Girl
Douglas Wick

1989
(62nd)

Driving Miss Daisy
Richard D. Zanuck and Lili Fini Zanuck

Born on the Fourth of July
A. Kitman Ho and Oliver Stone

Dead Poets Society
Steven Haft, Paul Junger Witt and Tony Thomas

Field of Dreams
Lawrence Gordon and Charles Gordon

My Left Foot
Noel Pearson

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1990
(63rd)

Dances with Wolves
Jim Wilson and Kevin Costner

Awakenings
Walter F. Parkes and Lawrence Lasker

Ghost
Lisa Weinstein

The Godfather Part III
Francis Ford Coppola

Goodfellas
Irwin Winkler

1991
(64th)

The Silence of the Lambs
Edward Saxon, Kenneth Utt and Ron Bozman

Beauty and the Beast
Don Hahn

Bugsy
Mark Johnson, Barry Levinson and Warren Beatty

JFK
A. Kitman Ho and Oliver Stone

The Prince of Tides
Barbra Streisand and Andrew S. Karsch

1992
(65th)

Unforgiven
Clint Eastwood

The Crying Game
Stephen Woolley

A Few Good Men
David Brown, Rob Reiner and Andrew Scheinman

Howards End
Ismail Merchant

Scent of a Woman
Martin Brest

1993
(66th)

Schindler's List
Steven Spielberg, Gerald R. Molen and Branko Lustig

The Fugitive
Arnold Kopelson

In the Name of the Father
Jim Sheridan

The Piano
Jan Chapman

The Remains of the Day
Mike Nichols, John Calley and Ismail Merchant

1994
(67th)

Forrest Gump
Wendy Finerman, Steve Tisch and Steve Starkey

Four Weddings and a Funeral
Duncan Kenworthy

Pulp Fiction
Lawrence Bender

Quiz Show
Michael Jacobs, Julian Krainin, Michael Nozik and Robert Redford

The Shawshank Redemption
Niki Marvin

1995
(68th)

Braveheart
Mel Gibson, Alan Ladd Jr. and Bruce Davey

Apollo 13
Brian Grazer

Babe
Bill Miller, George Miller and Doug Mitchell

The Postman (Il Postino)
Mario Cecchi Gori, Vittorio Cecchi Gori and Gaetano Daniele

Sense and Sensibility
Lindsay Doran

1996
(69th)

The English Patient
Saul Zaentz

Fargo
Ethan Coen

Jerry Maguire
James L. Brooks, Laurence Mark, Richard Sakai and Cameron Crowe

Secrets & Lies
Simon Channing-Williams

Shine
Jane Scott

1997
(70th)

Titanic
James Cameron and Jon Landau

As Good as It Gets
James L. Brooks, Bridget Johnson and Kristi Zea

The Full Monty
Umberto Pasolini

Good Will Hunting
Lawrence Bender

L.A. Confidential
Curtis Hanson, Arnon Milchan and Michael Nathanson

1998
(71st)

Shakespeare in Love
David Parfitt, Donna Gigliotti, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick and Marc Norman

Elizabeth
Alison Owen, Eric Fellner and Tim Bevan

Life Is Beautiful
Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi

Saving Private Ryan
Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn

The Thin Red Line
Robert Michael Geisler, John Roberdeau and Grant Hill

1999
(72nd)

American Beauty
Bruce Cohen and Dan Jinks

The Cider House Rules
Richard N. Gladstein

The Green Mile
Frank Darabont and David Valdes

The Insider
Pieter Jan Brugge and Michael Mann

The Sixth Sense
Frank Marshall, Kathleen Kennedy and Barry Mendel

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

2000
(73rd)

Gladiator
Douglas Wick, David Franzoni and Branko Lustig

Chocolat
David Brown, Kit Golden and Leslie Holleran

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
William Kong, Hsu Li-kong and Ang Lee

Erin Brockovich
Danny DeVito, Michael Shamberg and Stacey Sher

Traffic
Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz and Laura Bickford

2001
(74th)

A Beautiful Mind
Brian Grazer and Ron Howard

Gosford Park
Robert Altman, Bob Balaban and David Levy

In the Bedroom
Graham Leader, Ross Katz, and Todd Field

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh and Barrie M. Osborne

Moulin Rouge!
Martin Brown, Baz Luhrmann and Fred Baron

2002
(75th)

Chicago
Martin Richards

Gangs of New York
Alberto Grimaldi and Harvey Weinstein

The Hours
Scott Rudin and Robert Fox

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Barrie M. Osborne, Fran Walsh and Peter Jackson

The Pianist
Roman Polanski, Robert Benmussa and Alain Sarde

2003
(76th)

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Barrie M. Osborne, Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh

Lost in Translation
Ross Katz and Sofia Coppola

Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
Samuel Goldwyn Jr., Peter Weir and Duncan Henderson

Mystic River
Robert Lorenz, Judie G. Hoyt and Clint Eastwood

Seabiscuit
Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Gary Ross

2004
(77th)

Million Dollar Baby
Clint Eastwood, Albert S. Ruddy and Tom Rosenberg

The Aviator
Michael Mann and Graham King

Finding Neverland
Richard N. Gladstein and Nellie Bellflower

Ray
Taylor Hackford, Stuart Benjamin and Howard Baldwin

Sideways
Michael London

2005
(78th)

Crash
Paul Haggis and Cathy Schulman

Brokeback Mountain
Diana Ossana and James Schamus

Capote
Caroline Baron, William Vince and Michael Ohoven

Good Night, and Good Luck
Grant Heslov

Munich
Steven Spielberg, Kathleen Kennedy and Barry Mendel

2006
(79th)

The Departed
Graham King

Babel
Alejandro González Iñárritu, Steve Golin and Jon Kilik

Letters from Iwo Jima
Clint Eastwood, Steven Spielberg and Robert Lorenz

Little Miss Sunshine
David T. Friendly, Peter Saraf and Marc Turtletaub

The Queen
Andy Harries, Christine Langan and Tracey Seaward

2007
(80th)

No Country for Old Men
Scott Rudin, Joel Coen and Ethan Coen

Atonement
Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Paul Webster

Juno
Lianne Halfon, Mason Novick and Russell Smith

Michael Clayton
Jennifer Fox, Kerry Orent and Sydney Pollack

There Will Be Blood
Paul Thomas Anderson, Daniel Lupi and JoAnne Sellar

2008
(81st)

Slumdog Millionaire
Christian Colson

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Ceán Chaffin

Frost/Nixon
Ron Howard, Brian Grazer and Eric Fellner

Milk
Bruce Cohen and Dan Jinks

The Reader
Anthony Minghella, Sydney Pollack, Donna Gigliotti and Redmond Morris

2009
(82nd)

The Hurt Locker
Kathryn Bigelow, Mark Boal, Nicolas Chartier and Greg Shapiro

Avatar
James Cameron and Jon Landau

The Blind Side
Gil Netter, Andrew A. Kosove and Broderick Johnson

District 9
Peter Jackson and Carolynne Cunningham

An Education
Finola Dwyer and Amanda Posey

Inglourious Basterds
Lawrence Bender

Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire
Lee Daniels, Sarah Siegel-Magness and Gary Magness

A Serious Man
Joel Coen and Ethan Coen

Up
Jonas Rivera

Up in the Air
Daniel Dubiecki, Ivan Reitman and Jason Reitman

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

2010
(83rd)

The King's Speech
Iain Canning, Emile Sherman and Gareth Unwin

127 Hours
Danny Boyle, John Smithson and Christian Colson

Black Swan
Scott Franklin, Mike Medavoy and Brian Oliver

The Fighter
David Hoberman, Todd Lieberman and Mark Wahlberg

Inception
Christopher Nolan and Emma Thomas

The Kids Are All Right
Gary Gilbert, Jeffrey Levy-Hinte and Celine Rattray

The Social Network
Dana Brunetti, Ceán Chaffin, Michael De Luca and Scott Rudin

Toy Story 3
Darla K. Anderson

True Grit
Joel Coen, Ethan Coen, and Scott Rudin

Winter's Bone
Alix Madigan and Anne Rosellini

2011
(84th)

The Artist
Thomas Langmann

The Descendants
Jim Burke, Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor

Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
Scott Rudin

The Help
Brunson Green, Chris Columbus and Michael Barnathan

Hugo
Graham King and Martin Scorsese

Midnight in Paris
Letty Aronson and Stephen Tenenbaum

Moneyball
Michael De Luca, Rachael Horovitz and Brad Pitt

The Tree of Life
Sarah Green, Bill Pohlad, Dede Gardner and Grant Hill

War Horse
Steven Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy

2012
(85th)

Argo
Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck and George Clooney

Amour
Margaret Menegoz, Stefan Arndt, Veit Heiduschka and Michael Katz

Beasts of the Southern Wild
Dan Janvey, Josh Penn and Michael Gottwald

Django Unchained
Stacey Sher, Reginald Hudlin and Pilar Savone

Les Misérables
Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Debra Hayward and Cameron Mackintosh

Life of Pi
Gil Netter, Ang Lee and David Womark

Lincoln
Steven Spielberg and Kathleen Kennedy

Silver Linings Playbook
Donna Gigliotti, Bruce Cohen and Jonathan Gordon

Zero Dark Thirty
Mark Boal, Kathryn Bigelow and Megan Ellison

2013
(86th)

12 Years a Slave
Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen and Anthony Katagas

American Hustle
Charles Roven, Richard Suckle, Megan Ellison and Jonathan Gordon

Captain Phillips
Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti and Michael De Luca

Dallas Buyers Club
Robbie Brenner and Rachel Winter

Gravity
Alfonso Cuarón and David Heyman

Her
Megan Ellison, Spike Jonze and Vincent Landay

Nebraska
Albert Berger and Ron Yerxa

Philomena
Gabrielle Tana, Steve Coogan and Tracey Seaward

The Wolf of Wall Street
Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, Joey McFarland and Emma Tillinger Koskoff

2014
(87th)

Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
Alejandro G. Iñárritu, John Lesher and James W. Skotchdopole

American Sniper
Clint Eastwood, Andrew Lazar, Robert Lorenz, Bradley Cooper and Peter Morgan

Boyhood
Richard Linklater and Cathleen Sutherland

The Grand Budapest Hotel
Wes Anderson, Scott Rudin, Steven M. Rales and Jeremy Dawson

The Imitation Game
Nora Grossman, Ido Ostrowsky and Teddy Schwarzman

Selma
Christian Colson, Oprah Winfrey, Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner

The Theory of Everything
Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce and Anthony McCarten

Whiplash
Jason Blum, Helen Estabrook and David Lancaster

2015
(88th)

Spotlight
Blye Pagon Faust, Steve Golin, Nicole Rocklin and Michael Sugar

The Big Short
Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner and Brad Pitt

Bridge of Spies
Steven Spielberg, Marc Platt and Kristie Macosko Krieger

Brooklyn
Finola Dwyer and Amanda Posey

Mad Max: Fury Road
Doug Mitchell and George Miller

The Martian
Simon Kinberg, Ridley Scott, Michael Schaefer and Mark Huffam

The Revenant
Arnon Milchan, Steve Golin, Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Mary Parent and Keith Redmon

Room
Ed Guiney

2016
(89th)

Moonlight
Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner

Arrival
Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Aaron Ryder and David Linde

Fences
Scott Rudin, Denzel Washington and Todd Black

Hacksaw Ridge
Bill Mechanic and David Permut

Hell or High Water
Carla Hacken and Julie Yorn

Hidden Figures
Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping, Pharrell Williams and Theodore Melfi

La La Land
Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz and Marc Platt

Lion
Emile Sherman, Iain Canning and Angie Fielder

Manchester by the Sea
Matt Damon, Kimberly Steward, Chris Moore, Lauren Beck and Kevin J. Walsh

2017
(90th)

The Shape of Water
Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale

Call Me by Your Name
Peter Spears, Luca Guadagnino, Emilie Georges and Marco Morabito

Darkest Hour
Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten and Douglas Urbanski

Dunkirk
Emma Thomas and Christopher Nolan

Get Out
Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm Jr. and Jordan Peele

Lady Bird
Scott Rudin, Eli Bush and Evelyn O'Neill

Phantom Thread
JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Megan Ellison and Daniel Lupi

The Post
Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin and Martin McDonagh

text: Individuals with multiple wins[edit]

text:
3 wins

Sam Spiegel
Saul Zaentz

2 wins

Arthur Freed
Clint Eastwood
Dede Gardner
Jeremy Kleiner
Branko Lustig
Albert S. Ruddy
Robert Wise

text: Individuals with multiple nominations[edit]

text:
10 nominations

Steven Spielberg

9 nominations

Scott Rudin

8 nominations

Kathleen Kennedy

6 nominations

Eric Fellner
Stanley Kramer

5 nominations

Tim Bevan
Francis Ford Coppola
Clint Eastwood
Dede Gardner
Frank Marshall

4 nominations

Warren Beatty
James L. Brooks
David Brown
Megan Ellison
Ethan Coen
Donna Gigliotti
Peter Jackson
Norman Jewison
Jeremy Kleiner
Sydney Pollack
David Puttnam
Sam Spiegel
George Stevens
Irwin Winkler

3 nominations

Lawrence Bender
Robert Chartoff
Joel Coen
Bruce Cohen
Christian Colson
Michael De Luca
Steve Golin
Brian Grazer
Alejandro González Iñárritu
Graham King
Stanley Kubrick
Robert Lorenz
Ismail Merchant
Barrie M. Osborne
Brad Pitt
Hal B. Wallis
Fran Walsh
Robert Wise
John Woolf
Saul Zaentz
Richard D. Zanuck

2 nominations

Buddy Adler
Robert Altman
Paul Thomas Anderson
Kathryn Bigelow
Jason Blum
Mark Boal
John Boorman
John Brabourne
Lisa Bruce
Dana Brunetti
James Cameron
Iain Canning
Ceán Chaffin
Cecil B. DeMille
Finola Dwyer
John Foreman
Gray Frederickson
Arthur Freed
Richard N. Gladstein
Jonathan Gordon
Jerome Hellman
Grant Heslov
Grant Hill
Ron Howard
Stanley R. Jaffe
Dan Jinks
Ross Katz
A. Kitman Ho
Arnold Kopelson
Kristie Macosko Krieger
Gary Kurtz
Jon Landau
Ang Lee
Ernest Lehman
Daniel Lupi
Branko Lustig

Mark Johnson
Michael Mann
Anthony McCarten
Frank McCarthy
Barry Mendel
Arnon Milchan
George Miller
Doug Mitchell
Patrick J. Palmer
Julia Phillips
Michael Phillips
Marc Platt
Amanda Posey
Christopher Nolan
Fred Roos
Albert S. Ruddy
Tracey Seaward
Ronald L. Schwary
Martin Scorsese
JoAnne Sellar
Michael Shamberg
Stacey Sher
Emile Sherman
Bernard Smith
Ray Stark
Oliver Stone
Emma Thomas
Jerry Wald
Jack L. Warner
Harvey Weinstein
Douglas Wick
Jams Woolf
William Wyler
Peter Yates
Sam Zimbalist
Fred Zinnemann
Edward Zwick

text: Production companies with multiple nominations and wins[edit]

text:
Production Company
Nominations
Wins

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
40
5

Fox
20th Century
20th Century-Fox
26
4

Warner Bros.
First National
Warner Bros.-First National
25
2

Paramount
Paramount Famous Lasky
Paramount Publix
20
3

Columbia
12
2

RKO Radio
11
1

Samuel Goldwyn Productions
8
1

Selznick International Pictures
5
2

Universal
4
1

Two Cities Films
J. Arthur Rank-Two Cities Films
3
1

Cosmopolitan
3
0

The Caddo Company
2
0

Walter Wanger (production company)
2
0

Mercury
2
0

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges at the time.
Jump up ^ The Academy also announced that A Farewell to Arms came in second, and Little Women third.
Jump up ^ The Academy also announced that The Barretts of Wimpole Street came in second, and The House of Rothschild third.
Jump up ^ The Academy also announced that The Informer came in second, and Captain Blood third.

tag: ol


document_title: The Lovely Bones (film)

question_text: who plays mr harvey in the lovely bones

question_tokens: who plays mr harvey in the lovely bones

text: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1973, 14-year-old high school freshman Susie Salmon dreams about becoming a photographer. One day, Ray, a boy she has a crush on, approaches her at school and asks her out. As Susie walks home through a cornfield, she runs into her neighbor, George Harvey, who coaxes her into his underground den. Inside, Susie becomes uncomfortable and attempts to leave; when he grabs her, the scene fades until she is seen rushing past classmate Ruth Connors, apparently fleeing Harvey's den.

text: The Salmons become worried when Susie fails to return home from school. Her father, Jack, searches for her, while her mother, Abigail, waits for the police. In town, Susie sees Jack, but he does not respond to her when she calls. Susie runs home to find Harvey soaking in a bathtub. After seeing her bracelet hanging on the sink faucet near a bloody shaving razor, Susie realizes she never escaped the den and was murdered by Harvey. Screaming, she is pulled into the "In-Between", that is neither Heaven nor Earth. From there, Susie watches over her loved ones, unable to let go despite the urging of her new afterlife friend, Holly.

text: Investigating Susie's disappearance with Detective Fenerman, Jack thinks Susie was murdered by someone she knew. He researches neighbors and comes to think Harvey is the killer. Fenerman is unable to find any evidence pinpointing Harvey as a suspect, as Harvey cleaned up. Susie's sister, Lindsey, agrees with Jack's suspicions, but their casework takes a toll on Abigail, and Jack invites Abigail's alcoholic mother, Lynn, to move in with them. Feeling alienated from her husband, Abigail leaves for California. Susie, in her afterlife, learns that Harvey, who has now targeted Lindsey as his next victim, has murdered six other girls, including Holly, and that he stuffed Susie's body into a safe in his basement.

text: One night, Jack, carrying a bat, trails Harvey into the cornfield. However, Jack accidentally stumbles across Susie's friend, Clarissa. Her boyfriend, who mistakenly thinks his girlfriend is being assaulted, nearly bludgeons Jack to death as Harvey watches from a hiding spot. As Jack recuperates, Lindsey breaks into Harvey's house looking for evidence that he killed Susie. Upstairs, she finds a notebook containing a sketch of the den, a lock of Susie's hair, and news articles about Susie's disappearance. Harvey returns home and almost catches Lindsey in his house, but she escapes and rushes home to discover that her mother has returned. Not wishing to spoil her parents' reunion, she gives the book to her grandmother, who contacts the police. Harvey has already fled, having seen Lindsey running from his home – he takes the safe containing Susie's remains with him.

text: Susie's afterlife begins expanding into a larger heaven, and she is greeted by Harvey's other victims—now showing nine, including Susie. She resists Holly's urging to enter Heaven along with the others, claiming she has one final thing to do. Meanwhile, Susie's classmates Ruth and Ray are present when Harvey drives up to dispose of the safe at a sinkhole dump site. Susie returns to Earth and enters Ruth's body, causing Ruth to faint. Ray rushes to Ruth's aid only to realize she has become Susie. They kiss, completing Susie's last wish, and she returns to Heaven. Meanwhile Harvey dumps the safe in a sinkhole, leaving it to disappear in the muddy water as he drives away.

text: Sometime later, Harvey meets a young woman outside a diner and offers her a ride, but she rejects him and leaves. A large icicle falls from an overhead branch, hitting Harvey on the shoulder. He loses his balance on the ice and falls backward over a cliff to his death. Time passes, and Susie sees that her family is healing, which Susie refers to as "the lovely bones" that grew around her absence. As the film concludes, Susie finally enters Heaven, telling the audience: "My name is Salmon, like the fish; first name Susie. I was 14 years old when I was murdered on December 6, 1973. I was here for a moment and then I was gone. I wish you all a long and happy life."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Saoirse Ronan as Susie Salmon, the main character and narrator.[5] She is a 14-year-old girl who is killed by her neighbor. Ronan was 13 years old at the time of her casting and filming. Ronan and her family were originally reluctant for Ronan to accept the role because of the film's subject matter, but agreed after meeting with Jackson.[6]
Evelyn Lennon as Susie (Age 3)
Stanley Tucci as George Harvey, a serial killer who murders Susie.[7][8] Tucci stated that he had researched his role by watching documentaries and reading books by criminal profiler John E. Douglas about catching serial killers.[9] Tucci stated that his wife, Kate, had strongly urged him not to accept his role in the film because she felt, after reading the novel, that the subject matter was "too harrowing."[7]
Mark Wahlberg as Jack Salmon, Susie's father, who becomes obsessed with his daughter's murder case.[10][11] Wahlberg stated that his role in the film encouraged him to be a more cautious parent with his three children and to talk to them more about "not talking to strangers."[12] Before Wahlberg's casting, Ryan Gosling was set to play the role but dropped out of the film in October 2007, one month before filming.[13] Gosling had gained weight and grown a beard for the role, but said, "The age of the character versus my real age [of twenty-six] was always a concern of mine. Peter [Jackson] and I tried to make it work and ultimately it just didn't. I think the film is much better off with Mark Wahlberg in that role."[10][14] Gosling later admitted that the real reason for his firing was that he had arrived for filming 60 lbs. overweight and sporting a beard, without having discussed the physical change with Jackson.[15]
Rachel Weisz as Abigail Salmon, Susie's mother. After Susie's murder, her mother despairs and abandons the family.[11][12] Weisz stated that playing the character and the film and novel's "uplifting theme" made her look at life as a "treasure" and the film gave her a "positive feeling" rather than a "depressed" one.[12]
Susan Sarandon as Grandma Lynn, Susie's grandmother.[16][17] Sarandon stated that her character is like a "comic relief" and that her character deals with the pain of Susie's death by drinking, smoking and shooting guns.[16][17][18]
Rose McIver as Lindsey Salmon, Susie's younger sister. She is the first to suspect that Harvey was involved in Susie's death.[12][19] Jackson cast McIver particularly because she was an unknown actress.[19] Mclver stated that she had read and been a fan of the novel before having been cast in the film.[12]
Michael Imperioli as Detective Len Fenerman, the detective in charge of investigating Susie's death.[20]
Christian Thomas Ashdale as Buckley Salmon, Susie's younger brother.[11]
Reece Ritchie as Ray Singh, Susie's love interest and friend who is strongly affected by Susie's death.[21]
Charlie Saxton as Ronald Drake, one of the murder suspects.[22]
Amanda Michalka as Clarissa,[23] Susie's best friend. Michalka was better known as a musician prior to her casting.[23]
Carolyn Dando as Ruth Connors, a classmate of Susie's.[19][24] Jackson stated that, after he had searched all over the world for the role, he ultimately chose to cast Dando, a relatively unknown actress, who was working as a waitress before her casting.[19]
Nikki SooHoo as Denise "Holly" Le Ang, Susie's best friend in Heaven and another of Harvey's victims.
Jake Abel as Brian Nelson
Thomas McCarthy as Principal Caden
Andrew James Allen as Samuel Heckler

text: Production[edit]

text: In May 2000, Film4 Productions acquired feature film rights to Alice Sebold's novel The Lovely Bones,[25] when it was a half-written manuscript. Producer Aimee Peyronnet had sought to attract studio interest to the manuscript, and an insider informed Film4's deputy head of production, Jim Wilson, of the project.[26] The company attached Luc Besson and Peyronnet's production company Seaside to the project, two years before the novel's release.[25] By February 2001, Lynne Ramsay was hired to direct and write the film adaptation of the novel.[27]  In July 2002, Channel 4 shut down Film4, causing Hollywood studios and producers to pursue acquisition of feature film rights to The Lovely Bones, which had spent multiple weeks at the top of the New York Times Best Seller list. The film adaptation, which had been estimated at a budget of $15 million, remained with Channel 4 under its newly developed inhouse film unit, with Ramsay still contracted to write and direct. By October 2002, Ramsay was writing the script with fellow screenwriter Liana Dognini, with filming planned for summer 2003.[26] Author Sebold was invited by the producers to provide input on the project.[28]

text: Ramsay, who had read the novel in manuscript prior to publication, said in 2012 that her adaptation departed from it significantly. The scenes with Susie in heaven would have been depicted purely as her father's imagination. He would have become friends with Mr. Harvey, never suspecting him of having killed his daughter. "I really didn't like the My Little Pony, she's-in-heaven, everything's-O.K. aspect", she told The New York Times in 2012.[29]

text: In July 2003, the studio DreamWorks negotiated a first look deal with producer Peyronnet,[30] after DreamWorks co-founder Steven Spielberg  expressed interest in the project.[31] DreamWorks did not acquire the rights to the novel, and Ramsay was eventually detached from the project as, she says, FilmFour wanted a version more faithful to the novel.[29] In April 2004, producers Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens entered negotiations to develop the project.[32] Jackson described the book as "a wonderfully emotional and powerful story. Like all the best fantasy, it has a solid grounding in the real world."[33] By January 2005, Jackson and Walsh planned to independently purchase film rights and to seek studio financing after a script had been developed. The producers sought to begin adapting a spec script for The Lovely Bones in January 2006, with the goal of script completion and budget estimation by the following May.[34]

text: Jackson explained he enjoyed the novel because he found it "curiously optimistic" and uplifting because of the narrator's sense of humor, adding there was a difference between its tone and subject matter. He felt very few films dealt with the loss of a loved one.[35] Jackson foresaw the most challenging element in the novel to adapt was the portrayal of Susie, the protagonist, in her heaven, and making it "ethereal and emotional but not hokey."[33] Saoirse Ronan explained Jackson chose to depict the afterlife as depending on Susie's emotions. "Whenever Susie feels happy, Heaven is sunny and there's birds and everything. Whenever it’s not so great, it's raining or she’s in the middle of an ocean."[36] Jackson described the book's description of "heaven" as being an "In-Between" rather than a true heaven and said he was not trying to paint a definitive picture of Heaven itself.[35] "[W]hen Jackson created Susie's heaven, in a 1973 world, he went through the Partridge Family television show archives as a reference."[37]

text:
"[I] basically [added] more violence and suffering, [the audience] wanted far more violence [...] They just weren't satisfied [...] We got a lot of people telling us that they were disappointed with this death scene, as they wanted to see [the character] in agony and suffer a lot more, we had to create a whole suffering death scene just to give people the satisfaction they needed."
—Jackson to Reuters on re-shooting Harvey's death scene, November 2009[38]

tag: div

text: A 120-page draft of the script was written by September 2006.[39] In April 2007, the script was completed by Jackson, Walsh and Boyens; Jackson intended  to direct. The three producers began seeking a studio partner to finance the film adaptation. Besides the major studios, smaller companies including United Artists were also contacted. New Line Cinema was excluded from negotiations because of Jackson's legal dispute with the studio over royalties from his The Lord of the Rings trilogy.[40] Jackson sought a beginning $65 million budget for The Lovely Bones, also requesting from studios what kind of promotional commitments and suggestions they would make for the film adaptation.[41]

text: By May, four studios remained interested in the project: DreamWorks, Warner Bros., Sony, and Universal.[42] The Lovely Bones was sold to DreamWorks for $70 million.[43] Paramount Pictures received the rights to distribute the film worldwide. Production began in October 2007 in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and New Zealand.[5][44] Shooting in parts of Delaware, Chester and Montgomery counties, including Hatfield,[45] Ridley Township, Phoenixville, Royersford, Malvern and East Fallowfield,[46] lasted a few weeks, and most of the studio shooting was done in New Zealand.[39]

text: In December 2008, Brian Eno signed on to compose the film's score. Fran Walsh, a big fan of his work, suggested him to Jackson.[47] Jackson had called Eno to request use of two of his early tracks to evoke atmosphere for the 1970s scenes in the film. When Eno asked if he could compose the whole score, Jackson was surprised, since he had heard Eno did not like working on films. For the film's ending, Eno uncovered a demo he had done in 1973 and reunited with the vocalist to create a proper version for the film, commenting: "That song from 1973 was finally finished in 2008!"[48] In November 2009, Jackson stated that he re-shot new footage of Harvey's death scene after test audiences said it was not violent enough and wanted to "see more of Harvey in pain."[13][38] Jackson said it was important to him that the movie receive a PG-13 rating so that the film could appeal to the widest possible audience, despite the necessarily violent nature of some scenes.[13]

text: Release[edit]

text: Strategy[edit]

text: The Lovely Bones was originally scheduled for release on March 13, 2009, but it was delayed to December 11, 2009, as the studio became interested in releasing the film for "awards season," which gave Jackson an opportunity to make some effects shots larger in scope.[49] The film then received a limited theater release on December 11, 2009, in the United States.[50] The film was originally set to have a wider United States theater release on December 25, 2009 (Christmas Day),[51] as part of a campaign to build its momentum into January 2010.[52] In early December it was confirmed that the United States release date had been pushed back by three weeks to January 15, 2010.[51][53] Paramount and DreamWorks did not give a reason for the change of the release date.[51] The film premiered in New Zealand on December 26, 2009, and was released in the United Kingdom on January 29 and in other countries in January 2010.

text: According to the Los Angeles Times, Paramount invested $70 million in production and an additional $85 million in worldwide marketing and distribution.[53] In December 2009, the Los Angeles Times described the marketing and promotion of The Lovely Bones as having been a "heavy advertising campaign."[52] In late July 2009, as part of the promotion, Jackson talked about the film and screened a 41⁄2 minute clip at the San Diego Comic-Con International film festival.[37]

text: As part of marketing for the film, in August 2009, people were allowed to enter a contest to win a trip to Wellington, for the film's New Zealand premiere on December 14, 2009.[54] The offer included, if the winner lived outside of Wellington, one night’s accommodation and a voucher for flight or petrol to Wellington.[54] A  teaser trailer was released in August 2009, days before the film's official trailer.[55] The official trailer debuted on the television series Entertainment Tonight and was released online shortly afterwards.[37][56] In August 2009, Jackson offered a "behind-the-scenes look" at the film and discussed elements (mainly violence) in the film's plot line.[57]

text: The Los Angeles Times reported that Paramount had originally expected the film to appeal to a "sophisticated, adult audience," but after poor revenue and average reviews, the studio decided to redirect the film to an audience in another age group.[52] Surveys showed that the film was favored more by females aged 13–20 than by any other demographic. Paramount began to screen the movie "aggressively for high school- and college-age girls" during its three-screen limited release.[52]

text: Box office[edit]

text: On December 11, 2009, the film was released on three screens in Los Angeles and New York. As of January 4, 2010, the film had grossed over $389,000 in the US.[3] Claudia Eller and Ben Fritz of the Los Angeles Times felt that it did poorly at the box office in the first few weeks of its release because of average reviews and negative word-of-mouth.[52] During its opening-weekend release on three screens, it earned over $116,616, an average of estimated $38,872 per-theater revenue.[3] The film's revenue placed it at thirtieth place on the box office chart.[3] In the film's second and third weeks of release, the film saw a decrease; in the fourth week, it had a 54.3-percent increase.[58]

text: When put into wide release on January 15, 2010,[18] it grossed $17,005,133 that weekend, ranking number three at the domestic box office. By the end of its run, The Lovely Bones had made $44,114,232 domestically, and $49,507,108 overseas, for a worldwide total of $93,621,340.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released in the US on DVD and two-disc Blu-ray April 20, 2010 and in the United Kingdom on June 11, 2010.[59]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Lovely Bones received mixed reviews from critics, although Ronan and Tucci were praised for their performances.[60] On review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 32%, based on 238 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's stuffed full of Peter Jackson's typically dazzling imagery, but The Lovely Bones suffers from abrupt shifts between horrific violence and cloying sentimentality."[61] Metacritic gave the film a score of 42 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[62] It is Peter Jackson's lowest rated film to date.[citation needed]

text: Ian Freer of Empire gave the film 4/5 stars.[63] Freer emphasized the "bold, daring original filmmaking, with arguably more emotional and intellectual meat to chew on than either the Rings trilogy or Kong."[63] Freer noted that, like The Lord of the Rings, the film "does a fantastic job with revered, complex source material" and that, since it is "as terrific on terra firma as it is audacious in its astral plane", it is "doubtful" that there would be a "more imaginative" and "courageous film" in 2010.[63]

text: Richard Corliss of Time wrote that "through [Peter] Jackson's art" and Ronan's "magic" the "obscenity of child murder has been invested with immense gravity and grace" and "like the story of Susie's life after death, that's a miracle."[64] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone felt that the film was "conveyed" in a "remarkable performance" by Ronan and described Tucci as being "magnificent as a man of uncontrollable impulses" to "help Jackson cut a path to a humanity that supersedes life and death."[65] Travers praised Jackson for building "jolting suspense." Despite praising the film, however, Travers noted that while the book "never flinched," the film does, and while the "business is being transacted" by Jackson with a "Lord of the Rings fantasy" the film "attunes himself to a family tragedy."[65]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 2/4 stars, remarking that while "[Peter] Jackson gets the thriller scenes right", the "conceit of Susie trapped in a DayGlo world between the one she left and her final resting place, imparting lessons on coping with death, feels preachy."[66] Puig also described the film as having 'strike' "clashing tones" that veer from "lightheartedness to heavy-handedness."[66] Puig also criticized the film's computer-generated imagery, describing it as being "cheesy" and felt that it broke "no ground."[66] Kirt Honeycutt, of the Hollywood Reporter, described the film as telling "a fundamentally different story" which is "one that is not without its tension, humor and compelling details", but that "it's also a simpler, more button-pushing tale that misses the joy and heartbreak of the original."[67] Honeycutt also described Jackson as having transformed Sebold's "startling, unique novel about the aftermath of a terrible murder" into a story that's more "focused on crime and punishment."[67]

text:
"[Alice] Sebold's book would've had a tough leap to the multiplex no matter who guided it. But [Peter] Jackson is too enamored with the idea of mixing heaven and the heebie-jeebies, so he's made the skeevy equivalent of a Mitch Albom book with some pulp fiction pressed between its covers."
Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News[68]

text: Stephanie Zacharek, of Salon.com, viewed the film as being "an expensive-looking mess that fails to capture the mood, and the poetry, of its source material" because "good actors fighting a poorly conceived script, under the guidance of a director who can no longer make the distinction between imaginativeness and computer-generated effects."[69] Todd McCarthy, of Variety, felt that Jackson had undermined the "solid work from a good cast" with "show-offy celestial evocations" that "severely disrupt the emotional connections with the characters."[70] McCarthy stated that he felt that the film, overall, was a "significant artistic disappointment."[70] Joe Neumaier, of New York Daily News, described Jackson as having "siphoned out all the soulfulness" that made the author's "combination thriller/afterlife fantasy a best-seller" and that the film was "a gumball-colored potboiler that's more squalid than truly mournful."[68] Neumaier also wrote that the film and Jackson "wasted" a "good cast."[68] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4, calling it "deplorable", and criticizing the apparent message that Susie's murder eventually made her happier. He was also critical of the film's portrayal of Heaven, which he compared to "happy gathering of new Facebook friends". However, he praised the acting, stating that  "this whole film is Jackson's fault".[71]

text: According to the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), the rating given to The Lovely Bones received 24 objections, more than any other movie in 2010. The BBFC report states, "Many found the film to be a shocking and upsetting experience. The scene in which young Susie is entrapped by the killer, and the subsequent sequence in which the killer soaks in a bath after the murder, were compared by some complainants to scenes in ‘18’ rated horror films." The BBFC rated the movie a 12A, and many complained that the movie was upsetting for a younger audience. Nevertheless, the BBFC defended its rating: "The Lovely Bones lacked any explicit detail of the murder and any sexual elements were downplayed. The audience’s sympathies remain entirely with the family and the film had many positive messages about life."[72][73][74][75][76]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Category

Nominee

Result

7th Irish Film and Television Awards

Best Leading Actress

Saoirse Ronan

Won

63rd British Academy Film Awards[77]

Best Actress in a Leading Role

Saoirse Ronan

Nominated

Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Stanley Tucci

Nominated

82nd Academy Awards

Best Supporting Actor

67th Golden Globe Awards[78]

Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

16th Screen Actors Guild Awards[79]

Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role

36th Saturn Awards

Best Supporting Actress

Susan Sarandon

Nominated

Best Supporting Actor

Stanley Tucci

Nominated

Best Performance by a Younger Actor

Saoirse Ronan

Won

2009 Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Awards[80]

Best Supporting Actor

Stanley Tucci

Nominated

Best Art Direction

The Lovely Bones

Nominated

2009 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[80]

Best Actress

Saoirse Ronan

Nominated

Best Young Actor/Actress

Won

Best Supporting Actor

Stanley Tucci

Nominated

Best Art Direction

The Lovely Bones

Best Cinematography

Best Visual Effects