document_title: Westworld (TV series)

question_text: when did the new season of westworld start

text: Westworld (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In an unknown future, Westworld, one of six theme parks owned and operated by Delos Inc., allows guests to experience the American Old West in an environment populated by "hosts", androids programmed to fulfill the guest's every desire.

text: The hosts follow a predefined set of intertwining narratives but have the ability to deviate from these narratives based on interactions they have with guests.

text: The hosts repeat their narrative anew each day—having had their memories of the previous day erased—until they are repurposed or stowed away for use in other narratives. For guest safety, hosts are unable to harm any lifeform; this allows guests nearly unlimited freedom to engage without retribution in any activity they choose with the hosts, including sex and simulated murder. Staff situated in vast underground facilities oversee the park, develop new narratives, and perform repairs on hosts as necessary.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Evan Rachel Wood as Dolores Abernathy/Wyatt, the oldest host still working in the park. Initially taking on the role of a rancher's daughter, she comes to discover that her entire life is an elaborately constructed lie.[3]
Thandie Newton as Maeve Millay, a host, who acts as the madam of Sweetwater, but her unreconciled memories of a former role led to her becoming self-aware.[4]
Jeffrey Wright as Bernard Lowe, head of the Westworld Programming Division, and programmer of artificial people's software.[5] Wright also portrays Arnold Weber, co-founder of Westworld.
James Marsden as Teddy Flood, a host. He is a gunfighter returning to Sweetwater to find Dolores, in hopes of rekindling their relationship.[6][7]
Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Armistice, a host. She is a brutal and ruthless bandit and a member of Hector Escaton's gang.[8]
Luke Hemsworth as Ashley Stubbs, head of Westworld security, charged with monitoring host and human interactions and ensuring the safety of the guests.[9]
Sidse Babett Knudsen as Theresa Cullen, Westworld's Head of Quality Assurance, responsible for keeping the park from sliding into unscripted disarray.[10]
Simon Quarterman as Lee Sizemore, Westworld's narrative director, whose artistic temperament aggravates his co-workers.[8]
Rodrigo Santoro as Hector Escaton, a host. He is a wanted gang leader bent on robbing the Mariposa Hotel in Sweetwater.[9]
Angela Sarafyan as Clementine Pennyfeather, a host. She works as a prostitute for Maeve and is one of Westworld's most popular attractions.[8] Lili Simmons portrays another host fulfilling the same role when the original Clementine is decommissioned.[11]
Shannon Woodward as Elsie Hughes, a rising star in the Programming Division tasked with remedying odd behavior in the park's hosts.[9]
Ed Harris as the Man in Black, a sadistic veteran guest looking to uncover Westworld's innermost secrets.[12]
Anthony Hopkins as Robert Ford, the co-founder and Park Director of Westworld.[3]
Ben Barnes as Logan Delos, a regular guest who introduces William to the park.[13]
Clifton Collins Jr. as Lawrence / El Lazo, a host. He is a charming but dangerous outlaw with a knack for maneuvering and negotiating the various criminal elements of Westworld.[10]
Jimmi Simpson as William, a reluctant first-time visitor to Westworld, joining his future brother-in-law, Logan. Initially dismissive of the park's more lascivious attractions, he slowly uncovers a deeper meaning to the park's narrative.[10]
Tessa Thompson as Charlotte Hale, Executive Director of the Delos Destinations Board, which oversees Westworld and other parks.[14][15]
Fares Fares as Antoine Costa, a member of Karl Strand's security team.[16]
Louis Herthum as Peter Abernathy,[17] Dolores' father. Bradford Tatum also portrayed Peter Abernathy in the first season, after the previous host is decommissioned.[18]
Talulah Riley as Angela, a host who welcomes newcomers to the park.[19]
Gustaf Skarsgård as Karl Strand, Delos Head of Operations who leads Delos' attempts to reclaim Westword from the rogue hosts.[16]
Katja Herbers as Emily, a guest at The Raj park who escapes into Westworld during the hosts' uprising.[20]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Title[21]
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
The Maze
10
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)

2
The Door
10[22]
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
June 24, 2018 (2018-06-24)[23]

text: Season 1: The Maze (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Original"
Jonathan Nolan
Story by : Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy and Michael Crichton
Teleplay by : Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy
October 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)
276083
1.96[24]

2
2
"Chestnut"
Richard J. Lewis
Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
4X6152
1.50[25]

3
3
"The Stray"
Neil Marshall
Daniel T. Thomsen & Lisa Joy
October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
4X6153
2.10[26]

4
4
"Dissonance Theory"
Vincenzo Natali
Ed Brubaker & Jonathan Nolan
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
4X6154
1.70[27]

5
5
"Contrapasso"
Jonny Campbell
Story by : Dominic Mitchell & Lisa Joy
Teleplay by : Lisa Joy
October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
4X6155
1.49[28]

6
6
"The Adversary"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Halley Gross & Jonathan Nolan
November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
4X6156
1.64[29]

7
7
"Trompe L'Oeil"
Frederick E. O. Toye
Halley Gross & Jonathan Nolan
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
4X6157
1.75[30]

8
8
"Trace Decay"
Stephen Williams
Charles Yu & Lisa Joy
November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
4X6158
1.78[31]

9
9
"The Well-Tempered Clavier"
Michelle MacLaren
Dan Dietz & Katherine Lingenfelter
November 27, 2016 (2016-11-27)
4X6159
2.09[32]

10
10
"The Bicameral Mind"
Jonathan Nolan
Lisa Joy & Jonathan Nolan
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)
4X6160
2.24[33]

text: Season 2: The Door (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Journey into Night"
Richard J. Lewis
Lisa Joy & Roberto Patino
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
201
2.06[34]

12
2
"Reunion"
Vincenzo Natali
Carly Wray & Jonathan Nolan
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
202
1.85[35]

13
3
"Virtù e Fortuna"
Richard J. Lewis
Roberto Patino & Ron Fitzgerald
May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)
203
1.63[36]

14
4
"The Riddle of the Sphinx"
Lisa Joy
Gina Atwater & Jonathan Nolan
May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
204
1.59[37]

15
5
"Akane no Mai"
Craig Zobel
Dan Dietz
May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)
205
1.55[38]

16
6
"Phase Space"
Tarik Saleh
Carly Wray
May 27, 2018 (2018-05-27)
206
TBD

17
7
"Les Ecorches"[39]
Nicole Kassell[40]
TBA
June 3, 2018 (2018-06-03)
TBA
TBD

18
8
"Kiksuya"[41]
TBA
TBA
June 10, 2018 (2018-06-10)
TBA
TBD

19
9
"Vanishing Point"[42]
TBA
TBA
June 17, 2018 (2018-06-17)
TBA
TBD

20
10
"The Passenger"[43]
Frederick E.O. Toye[44]
TBA
June 24, 2018 (2018-06-24)
TBA
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception and development[edit]

text: The series is based on the 1973 film of the same name (which was written and directed by Michael Crichton) and to a lesser extent its 1976 sequel, Futureworld. It is the second series based on Crichton's original story after Beyond Westworld (1980), which aired for only three episodes on CBS before being cancelled.[45]

text: Warner Bros. had been considering a remake of Westworld since the early 1990s. After the departure of studio executive Jessica Goodman in 2011, the project was again under consideration.[46] Jerry Weintraub had been pushing for a remake for years and, after his success with HBO's Behind the Candelabra, he convinced the network to greenlight a pilot. He took the project to Jonathan Nolan and co-writer Lisa Joy, who saw the potential in the concept to make something far more ambitious than the original film.[47]

text: On August 31, 2013, HBO announced that they had ordered a pilot for a potential television series, with Nolan, Joy, J. J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub and Bryan Burk as executive producers.[48] Ed Brubaker served on the writing staff as supervising producer,[49] co-writing the fourth episode with Nolan.[50] HBO later announced that Westworld had been "taken to series" and that it would premiere in 2015.[51] In August 2015, HBO released the first teaser, which revealed that the series would premiere in 2016.[52]

text: Abrams suggested that the series be told with the perspective of the "hosts" in mind.[53] Nolan took inspiration from video games like BioShock Infinite, Red Dead Redemption and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim to deal with the narrative's moral component on a spectrum.[54] During the research, the films of Sergio Leone provided reference points for the characters and visuals; novels by Philip K. Dick informed them about dilemmas concerning artificial intelligence, and for world-building and interlocking narrative, they consulted the Grand Theft Auto games.[55] The 1973 film also included a Roman World and Medieval World, but Nolan has counted these out.[56]

text: Nolan explained the series would explore, through its paying-guest characters, why "violence is in most of the stories we like to watch, but it isn't part of what we like to do".[57] The autonomous existence of non-player characters in video games influenced the approach to the individual storylines in Westworld that are reset in a continuous loop.[58] A recitation from Romeo and Juliet—"These violent delights have violent ends"[59]—is made part of the series as a virus trigger within the hosts that alters how they perceive their existence.[60] The series explores ideas about the bicameral mind by the psychologist Julian Jaynes, who argued for the existence of two separate minds—one that gives instructions, and another that performs them. Jaynes discussed how consciousness comes from breaking down the wall between them by exposing the individual to new stimuli.[61]

text: Costume designer Ane Crabtree approached her work by taking as inspiration the historical attire of the Wild West from the 1850s to the 1890s, as opposed looking purely at Westerns. Fabrics were custom-woven, dyed and printed for any actor with a speaking role to capture the intricacies of the costumes (most of which were manufactured from scratch). Hat designs were described as the most challenging part of the process.[62]

text: The writers and producers have planned for the story to last up to five seasons.[63]

text: In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten-episode second season,[22] which premiered on April 22, 2018.[64] On May 1, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season.[65]

text: Casting[edit]

text: After the last episode of the first season was broadcast, Nolan and Joy revealed that they had operated on a strict "need-to-know" basis with most of the actors, in order to "keep the story as fresh and present for them as possible."[66] For example, in Wood's case, they gave her strange acting directions without explaining why, and it took a while for Wood to infer she was actually playing five distinct characters within the same host: four different behavioral modes for Dolores, plus Wyatt.[67] By contrast, Hopkins was made aware of Ford's general story arc up front (at the time he was pitched the role) to ensure he could fully convey the complexity of the character in his performance.[66][68] However, even with that knowledge, Hopkins was initially given heavily redacted scripts, and had to insist on access to complete scripts.[68]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Early on it was decided that the series would be shot on 35 mm film with assistance from HD taps, despite increasing difficulties in acquiring film stock.[69] For a softer look, the filmmakers used Arri Zeiss master prime lenses with their coatings removed.[70] The series was primarily shot on Kodak motion-picture film, which was processed by FotoKem in Burbank and scanned by Encore Hollywood to create digital intermediates of all takes suitable for use as dailies. The final cut was delivered to HBO in 2K JPEG digital format for broadcast and to Warner Bros. Television as a cut negative for archival purposes.[71]

text: Since much of the series is seen from the hosts' point of view,[72] Steadicams were used to film the whole first season, except for a couple of scenes in the last episode, where a handheld camera was used as a metaphor for hosts who broke free from their programming and acted of their own free will.[73] Filming for the series' pilot episode took place during a 22-day period[74] in August 2014 in and around Los Angeles,[75] and in Moab, Utah.[76]

text: Filming locations in California included various soundstages, backlots at both Universal Studios and Warner Bros., the Paramount Ranch in Agoura,[77] the Melody Ranch in Santa Clarita,[74][78] Big Sky Ranch,[79] the Skirball Cultural Center and the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles,[71] and the Pacific Design Center in West Hollywood.[80] The Melody Ranch set used for the town of Sweetwater had been used previously for many western films, such as Django Unchained and The Magnificent Seven, but was significantly upgraded for Westworld by production designer Zack Grobler to portray an idealized version of the American frontier.[78] Green screens were placed around the California sets to block modern objects like parking lots, so that the California shots could be later merged digitally with exterior shots from Utah.[78] For scenes showing the arrival of guests, the filmmakers were able to arrange with the Fillmore and Western Railway for the use of a small train originally built for the 2013 film The Lone Ranger. F&W also provided a few hundred feet of track on which to place the train; then a pusher vehicle was used to propel the train into the Sweetwater set. The scenes in the underground laboratory levels of Westworld's operations center were filmed on a soundstage at Melody Ranch. The lab set used glass walls extensively, which meant the crew had to be vigilant to avoid walking through glass on the rather dark set, and they had to keep identifying and suppressing unwanted reflections. Hawthorne Plaza was used for filming the "cold storage" level where decommissioned hosts are stored.[71]

text: For the series' large-scale exterior look, the producers drew inspiration from the work of John Ford, who shot four of his Western films in Castle Valley, east of Moab.[77] In early 2014, Nolan visited southern Utah with key crew members and a location scout to explore the possibility of filming there, and promptly fell in love with the place.[76] Location shooting for the pilot episode later occurred over five days in southern Utah,[76] including Castle Valley.[77] Most Utah locations, like Dead Horse Point State Park, were "walk-in" areas where both cast and crew were required to hike in and out with all their gear.[76] Horseback riding scenes were filmed at a private ranch, where the filmmakers were not subject to as many restrictions as when working on public land.[80] To seamlessly blend California sets with Utah scenery, set walls were shipped to Utah so that they could be used to film reverse angles of scenes originally filmed in California.[80] For example, conversations on the exterior balcony of Westworld's operations center were shot on a balcony at the Skirball Center facing towards the center, then reverse angles over the shoulders of the cast members were shot at Dead Horse Point, to make it seem as if the operations center was located on top of the state park's steep cliffs.[76][80][71] The train interior scenes were created by mounting the entire train car set on the back of a flatbed truck and driving the truck back and forth along Utah State Route 128.[76]

text: The 3D printing of hosts was shot utilizing almost entirely practical effects, of which some were polished by the visual effects team.[81] The series used real guns, although they were usually unloaded.[67] Out of respect for the actors and extras involved, filming of nudity was conducted on a closed set, and for sex scenes, a sex consultant was used.[82]

text: Title sequence[edit]

text: The series' title sequence was created by Elastic, the same production studio that created the title sequences for three other HBO series: Rome, Carnivàle and Game of Thrones. Patrick Clair acted as creative director for the title sequence,[83][84] which took about five weeks to conceptualize.[85]

text: Clair met with Nolan and Joy in February 2016 to discuss its development. He was interested in their decision to approach the series' point of view from that of the hosts, deeming the result an inherent psychological study. Upon its inception, the sequence would translate elements present in the series via computer-aided design. For example, once Clair was sent footage by composer Ramin Djawadi of a player piano in motion, its actual counterpart, situated in the Westworld production office, was photographed and then reconstructed in computer-generated imagery.[59][85] Nolan also applied the self-playing instrument in reference to Kurt Vonnegut's first novel Player Piano. It was meant to represent the first Rube Goldberg machine to evoke human motion.[60] Clair saw the metaphor behind the player piano—"a primitive form of robot"—as an exploration into the disparity between man and machine "being created to be made redundant." Hosts that were bathed in white liquid struck Clair as a juxtaposition of the grit and grain of the Western genre with its basis in science fiction. Motifs of Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man came about from Clair's wish to convey Westworld's depiction of the naked human body.[59] The sequence also references Chris Cunningham's 1999 music video for the Björk song "All Is Full of Love", in a way that Clair called "a bit shameless ... because I worship Chris Cunningham and ... it seemed like the perfect place to do it because it was dealing with all the right themes and all the right aesthetics."[85]

text: The sequence commences with the rib cage of a horse, along with a set of hosts manufactured by industrial robots. The skeletal horse is shown in mid-gallop to subvert the iconography of such a depiction.[85] As for Clair's efforts in exposing the Western landscapes in connection with a world of robotics, he thought it sensible that it be done inside a single eye; craters and valleys are formed as the simulacrum of an iris.[59]

text: The second season introduces a new title sequence. Several elements from the original title sequence are changed, including the images of a horse are now replaced with a bison. Other new images in the title sequence include the Man in Black's black hat, a mother cradling her child (evocative of Maeve), and a blonde woman's hair being mechanically combed (representing Dolores). Ramin Djawadi's score stays the same, with the images of the player piano intact.[86]

text: Music[edit]

text: Original music for the series is composed by Ramin Djawadi, who also worked with showrunner Nolan on Person of Interest.[87] The main theme blends the use of bass notes, light arpeggios and melody, all of which complement the idea of an amusement park.[88] The first season soundtrack was released on December 5, 2016.[89]

text: The series prominently features a number of re-workings of popular songs for player piano and strings, among them Kanye West's "Runaway", Radiohead's "No Surprises",[90] "Fake Plastic Trees", "Motion Picture Soundtrack" and "Exit Music (For a Film)";[91] Soundgarden's "Black Hole Sun"; The Rolling Stones' "Paint It Black";[60] "Pine Apple Rag" and "Peacherine Rag" by Scott Joplin;[92] Claude Debussy's "Reverie for piano, L.68";[93] "A Forest" by The Cure;[94] The Animals' version of "The House of the Rising Sun"; Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black", and Nine Inch Nails' "Something I Can Never Have".[95] Licensing costs ranged from $15,000 to $55,000.[96]

text: Djawadi said of the series' use of modern songs that "[Westworld] has an anachronistic feel to it, it's a Western theme park, and yet it has robots in it, so why not have modern songs? And that's a metaphor in itself, wrapped up in the overall theme of the show",[97] but credited Nolan with the idea.[98]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered its ten-episode[99] first season on October 2, 2016 in North America and Australia,[100][101][102] and on October 4, 2016 in the UK and Ireland.[103] The series is broadcast on HBO in the United States, on HBO Canada in Canada, on HBO Latin America in Latin America, in Australia on Showcase,[104][102] and in the UK and Ireland on Sky Atlantic.[103]

text: The second episode was released on HBO in the US on October 7—two days ahead of the episode's announced broadcast date—to avoid competing with the second U.S. presidential debate of 2016.[105][106]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Prior to the airing of Westworld, HBO held virtual reality exhibits at events like San Diego Comic-Con and Techcrunch Disrupt devoted to Westworld: A Delos Destination. Attendees were allowed to navigate the process by which guests would enter Westworld, and interact with the 3D environment.[60][107][108] Made to run on the HTC Vive virtual reality headset, the piece was conceived by showrunners Nolan and Joy. It was designed using Unreal Engine 4, combining computer-generated content and live action 360-degree video. Users received a binary code, permitting access to the website DiscoverWestworld.com as part of a viral marketing campaign. Visitors were shown a trailer of a fictional travel site, leading them to order a trip to Westworld. A chatbot featured on the website, named Aeden, is available as a Google Assistant action on the smart speaker Google Home.[109]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season of Westworld (subtitled The Maze) was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on November 7, 2017. It is the first scripted TV series to be released on 4K Blu-ray in the United States.[110]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
88% (80 reviews)
74 (43 reviews)

2
93% (57 reviews)
76 (29 reviews)

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Reception of the series has been largely positive, with particular praise for its visuals, story, and performances.[111][112][113] On the review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 88% based on 80 reviews, with an average rating of 8.17/10, and an average episode score of 94%. The site's consensus reads "With an impressive level of quality that honors its source material, the brilliantly addictive Westworld balances intelligent, enthralling drama against outright insanity."[114] On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 74 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[115]

text: The editors of TV Guide placed Westworld fifth among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–17 season. In writer Tim Surette's overall review, he notes the perfect concept of blending the western premise into a futuristic setting, saying, "Well, Westworld has both, ensuring that it will be an exciting mashup of genres that will disrupt a television landscape that typically says we can only have one or the other." He also added, "The look of the show and its fine cast swing open the saloon doors, but the real treat will be the intelligent discussion of whether or not robots will eventually kill us all. Thankfully, creator Jonathan Nolan already showed us he's the go-to guy for A.I. with Person of Interest."[116] Mary McNamara of Los Angeles Times wrote in a lauded review, "It isn’t just great television, it’s vivid, thought-provoking television that entertains even as it examines the darker side of entertainment."[117] For the San Francisco Chronicle, David Wiegand wrote, "Westworld isn’t easy to understand at first, but you will be hooked nonetheless by unusually intelligent storytelling, powerful visuals and exceptionally nuanced performances."[112] Time's chief critic Daniel D'Addario wrote, "Its carefully chosen details add up to a pulp spectacular that’s more thoughtful than any other of this fall’s new dramas."[118]

text: Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly also lauded the series and said, "The depth of Westworld lies not in asking questions about memory, free will, and what makes us human, but in whether we can become more human than what we let ourselves to be, whether our stories can be richer and more meaningful than what the culture allows."[119] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe quipped, "Westworld has fewer heroes than Game of Thrones, which makes it a bit harder to warm up to, but like a good, thought-provoking puzzle, it is compelling and addictive."[120] In a brief review from The Hollywood Reporter, Tim Goodman said, "Where Westworld is at its best is in the deeper issues that will unspool slowly, like a good mystery. Early episodes are adept at getting at the base attractions of the park and why people would come, but also in setting up a sense of confusion about motives. ... The series benefits from a number of standout performances."[121] Robert Bianco of USA Today wrote, "The reward, beyond the visual splendors you’ve come to expect from big-budget HBO productions, is a set of characters who grow ever more complex."[122] Several other publications wrote positive reviews, including Indiewire,[123] The A.V. Club,[124] RogerEbert.com,[125] The New Yorker,[126] and The Atlantic.[127]

text: However, in a moderate review for The New York Times, chief critic James Poniewozik said, "It’s an ambitious, if not entirely coherent, sci-fi shoot-’em-up that questions nihilistic entertainment impulses while indulging them."[128] Hank Stuever of The Washington Post also joins Poniewozik saying, "Westworld off as a dreary trot from start to finish; parts of it are as imaginative and intriguing as anything that’s been on TV recently, particularly in the sci-fi realm," and further said, "It’s definitely not the cyborg Deadwood, that some HBO fans were actively wishing for, nor does it roll out the welcome mat as a riveting, accessible adventure."[129] Chief journalist Rob Owen of Pittsburgh Post-Gazette also critiqued the series less favorably saying, "It is the definition of a slow-burn series, a program that should be exciting rendered as kind of dull."[130] In a less enthusiastic review for Variety, Maureen Ryan said, "Westworld looks terrific; its directors have shot its Western locations to stunning effect. But its warmly saturated outdoor scenes and its surface slickness aren’t enough to mask the indecision, condescension, and hollowness at its core."[131]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: The second season has also received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 93% based on 57 reviews, with an average rating of 8.01/10. The site's consensus reads "Westworld builds on its experimental first season, diving deeper into the human side of AI without losing any of its stylish, bloody glory."[132] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 76 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[133]

text: In April 2018, after the second-season premiere, Variety published an article concerning the series' complicated narrative. Andrew Wallenstein wrote, "Westworld seems to have too much faith viewers will be willing to absorb storylines that can border on the incomprehensible." He also commented about the possible future success of the series, stating, "There will be a very vocal core fan base willing to do the homework of piecing together the show's many mysteries, but that's not broad enough a base to be the kind of flagship series HBO wants."[134]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The series premiere had viewership numbers slightly less than those for True Detective, but much better than Vinyl, that meant it was seen as "...off to a relatively promising start..."[135][136] Mandy Adams, of iTechPost noted that, "Emotional reactions on Twitter were estimated to be 545-percent greater compared to the debut of Vinyl and 326-percent higher than the latest The Leftovers season."[137] The U.S. series premiere attracted 1.96 million viewers, with 0.8 million in the advertiser-coveted 18-to-49-year-old demographic.[24] The premiere episode received 3.3 million viewers for its three Sunday night airings as well as on HBO's streaming platforms.[138] The season one finale received 2.2 million viewers for its initial broadcast, and increased to 3.5 million including replays and on-demand viewing. The first season had an average cumulative viewership of 12 million viewers, making it the most-watched first season of an HBO series, and TorrentFreak gauged Westworld as the third most-torrented television show of 2016.[139]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Westworld has been nominated for 22 Emmy Awards,[140] 3 Golden Globe Awards, 2 Satellite Awards, 4 Critics' Choice Television Awards, and 2 Writers Guild of America Awards.

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
Satellite Awards
Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Evan Rachel Wood
Won
[141]
[142]

Best Television Series – Genre
Westworld
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Most Exciting New Series
Westworld
Won
[143]

Best Drama Series
Westworld
Nominated
[144]
[145]

Best Actress in a Drama Series
Evan Rachel Wood
Won

Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Thandie Newton
Won

American Society of Cinematographers
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Movie, Miniseries, or Pilot for Television
Paul Cameron (for "The Original")
Nominated
[146]

IGN Awards
Best TV Series
Westworld
Nominated
[147]

Best New TV Series
Westworld
Nominated

Best TV Drama Series
Westworld
Won

Best TV Actor
Jeffrey Wright
Nominated

Best TV Actress
Evan Rachel Wood
Nominated

Thandie Newton
Won

IGN People's Choice Award
Best TV Series
Westworld
Nominated
[147]

Best New TV Series
Westworld
Nominated

Best TV Drama Series
Westworld
Nominated

Best TV Actor
Jeffrey Wright
Won

Best TV Actress
Evan Rachel Wood
Won

Thandie Newton
Nominated

California On Location Awards
Location Manager – Television One Hour
Mandi Dillin
Nominated
[148]
[149]

Assistant Location Manager of the Year – Television
David Park
Nominated

Television – One Hour – Location Team
Team for Westworld
Nominated

International Film Music Critics Association Awards
Best Original Score for a Television Series
Ramin Djawadi
Nominated
[150]

2017
69th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
Westworld
Nominated
[151]

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Anthony Hopkins (for "Trompe L'Oeil")
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Evan Rachel Wood (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jeffrey Wright (for "The Well-Tempered Clavier")
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Thandie Newton (for "Trace Decay")
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series
Jonathan Nolan (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Lisa Joy and Jonathan Nolan (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
John Papsidera
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour)
Paul Cameron (for "The Original")
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Period/Fantasy Series, Limited Series, or Movie
Trish Summerville, Jo Kissack Folsom, Lynda Foote (for "The Original")
Nominated

Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Media within a Scripted Program
Westworld
Won

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single-Camera Series
Joy Zapata, Pavy Olivarez, Bruce Samia, Donna Anderson (for "Contrapasso")
Won

Outstanding Main Title Design
Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks, Yongsub Song, Felix Soletic, Jessica Hurst and Jose Limon
Nominated

Outstanding Main Title Theme Music
Ramin Djawadi
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Christien Tinsley, Myriam Arougheti, Gerald Quist, Lydia Milars, Ed French (for "The Original")
Won

Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Limited Series, Movie, or Special
Christien Tinsley, Hiroshi Yada, Georgia Allen, Gerald Quist, Myriam Arougheti (for "The Original")
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series
Andrew Seklir (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)
Zack Grobler, Steve Christensen and Julie Ochipinti (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

Nathan Crowley, Naaman Marshall and Julie Ochipinti (for "The Original")
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series
Thomas E. Matthew Sawelson, Brian Armstrong, Fred Paragano, Mark Allen, Marc Glassman, Sebastian Visconti, Geordy Sincavage, Michael Head, Christopher Kaller, Rick Owens and Tara Blume Norton (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)
Keith Rogers, Scott Weber, Roger Stevenson and Kyle O'Neal (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Won

Outstanding Special Visual Effects
Jay Worth, Elizabeth Castro, Joe Wehmeyer, Eric Levin-Hatz, Bobo Skipper, Gustav Ahren, Paul Ghezzo, Mitchell S. Drain and Michael Lantieri (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
Westworld
Nominated
[152]

Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Evan Rachel Wood
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Thandie Newton
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Ben Barnes, Ingrid Bolsø Berdal, Ed Harris, Luke Hemsworth, Anthony Hopkins, Sidse Babett Knudsen, James Marsden, Leonardo Nam, Thandie Newton, Talulah Riley, Rodrigo Santoro, Angela Sarafyan, Jimmi Simpson, Ptolemy Slocum, Evan Rachel Wood, Shannon Woodward, Jeffrey Wright
Nominated
[153]

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
Thandie Newton
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Television Series

Nominated

ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Non-Commercial Television
Stephen Semel and Marc Jozefowicz (for "The Original")
Nominated
[154]

Art Directors Guild
ADG Excellence in Production Design Award for One-Hour Period Or Fantasy Single-Camera Series
Nathan Crowley (for "The Original")
Won
[155]

Writers Guild of America
Television Drama Series
Ed Brubaker, Bridget Carpenter, Dan Dietz, Halley Gross, Lisa Joy, Katherine Lingenfelter, Dominic Mitchell, Jonathan Nolan, Roberto Patino, Daniel T. Thomsen, Charles Yu
Nominated
[156]

Television New Series
Ed Brubaker, Bridget Carpenter, Dan Dietz, Halley Gross, Lisa Joy, Katherine Lingenfelter, Dominic Mitchell, Jonathan Nolan, Roberto Patino, Daniel T. Thomsen, Charles Yu
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Premium Sci-Fi/Fantasy Series
Westworld
Nominated
[157]

Producers Guild of America Awards
Episodic Television, Drama
J. J. Abrams, Jonathan Nolan, Lisa Joy, Bryan Burk, Athena Wickham, Kathy Lingg, Richard J. Lewis, Roberto Patino, Katherine Lingenfelter, Cherylanne Martin
Nominated
[158]

Visual Effects Society Awards 2016
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode
Jay Worth, Elizabeth Castro, Bobo Skipper, Gustav Ahrén (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated
[159]

Cinema Audio Society Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing – Television Series – One Hour
John Pritchett, Keith Rogers, Scott Weber, Mark Kondracki, Geordy Sincavage (for "The Original")
Nominated
[160]

69th Directors Guild of America Awards
Dramatic Series
Jonathan Nolan (for "The Original")
Nominated
[161]

Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards
Best Contemporary Makeup – Television
Christien Tinsley, Elisa Marsh, Rolf Keppler
Won
[162]

Best Period and/or Character Makeup – Television
Christien Tinsley, Myriam Arougheti, Rolf Keppler
Nominated

Best Special Makeup Effects – Television
Christien Tinsley, Hiroshi Yada
Won

Costume Designers Guild Awards
Outstanding Period Television Series
Trish Summerville (for "The Original")
Nominated
[163]

Ane Crabtree
Nominated

Dorian Awards
TV Drama of the Year
Westworld
Nominated
[164]

TV Performance of the Year – Actress
Thandie Newton
Nominated

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing – Long Form Dialogue and ADR in Television
Thomas E. de Gorter, Matthew Sawelson, Brian Armstrong and Fred Paragano (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated
[165]

Best Sound Editing – Long Form Sound Effects and Foley in Television
Thomas E. de Gorter, Matthew Sawelson, Geordy Sincavage, Michael Head, Rick Owen, Tara Blume, Mark Allen and Marc Glassman (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Won

Best Sound Editing in Television, Short Form: FX/Foley
Thomas E. de Gorter, Matthew Sawelson, Geordy Sincavage, Michael Head, Tara Blume, Rick Owens, Mark R. Allen and Marc Glassman (for "Trompe L'Oeil")
Won

Best Sound Editing in Television, Short Form: Dialogue / ADR
Thomas E. de Gorter, Matthew Sawelson, Brian Armstrong and Fred Paragano (for "Trace Decay")
Nominated

Society of Camera Operators Awards
Camera Operator of the Year – Television
Steven Matzinger & Greg Smith
Nominated
[166]

43rd Saturn Awards
Best Science Fiction Television Series
Westworld
Won
[167]

Best Supporting Actor on Television
Ed Harris
Won

Jeffrey Wright
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress on Television
Thandie Newton
Nominated

Evan Rachel Wood
Nominated

Best Guest Performance on a Television Series
Anthony Hopkins
Nominated

Empire Awards
Best TV Series
Westworld
Nominated
[168]

Canadian Society of Cinematographers Awards
TV Series Cinematography
Robert McLachlan (for "Contrapasso")
Nominated
[169]

Location Managers Guild Awards
LMGI Award for Outstanding Locations in Period Television
Mandi Dillin
Won
[170]

Edgar Awards
TV Episode Teleplay
Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated
[171]

Ray Bradbury Award
Outstanding Dramatic Presentation
Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated
[172]

Dragon Awards
Best Science Fiction or Fantasy TV Series
Westworld
Nominated
[173]

Gold Derby TV Awards
Drama Series
Westworld
Nominated
[174]

Drama Actress
Evan Rachel Wood
Nominated

Drama Supporting Actress
Thandie Newton
Won

Drama Supporting Actor
Jeffrey Wright
Nominated

Drama Episode
Jonathan Nolan & Lisa Joy (for "The Bicameral Mind")
Nominated


document_title: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

question_text: this person won the nobel peace prize in 1919

root

text: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

text: Laureates[edit]

text: As of  2016[update], the Peace Prize has been awarded to 104 individuals and 23 organizations. Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize.[11] Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981).[10] There have been 19 years since its creation in which the Peace Prize was not awarded, more times than any other Nobel Prize.

tag: p

text: Lê Đức Thọ is the only person to refuse to accept a Nobel Peace Prize.[12] He was jointly awarded the 1973 award with Henry Kissinger but declined the prize on grounds that such "bourgeois sentimentalities" were not for him[93] and that the Paris Peace Accords were not being adhered to in full.

text:
Year

Laureate

Country

Rationale

1901

Henry Dunant

  Switzerland

For his role in founding the International Committee of the Red Cross[9][13]

Frédéric Passy

 France

"[For] being one of the main founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and also the main organizer of the first Universal Peace Congress"[9][13]

1902

Élie Ducommun

  Switzerland

"[For his role as] the first honorary secretary of the International Peace Bureau"[9][14]

Charles Albert Gobat

"[For his role as the] first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[9][14]

1903

William Randal Cremer

 United Kingdom

"[For his role as] the 'first father' of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[9][15]

1904

Institute of International Law

 Belgium

"[F]or its efforts as an unofficial body to formulate the general principles of the science of international law"[9][16]

1905

Bertha von Suttner

 Austria-Hungary

For writing Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize[9][17]

1906

Theodore Roosevelt

 United States

"[For] his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case"[9][18]

1907

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

 Italy

"[For his work as a] key leader of the Italian peace movement"[9][19]

Louis Renault

 France

"[For his work as a] leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague"[9][19]

1908

Klas Pontus Arnoldson

 Sweden

"[For his work as] founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League"[9][20]

Fredrik Bajer

 Denmark

"[For being] the foremost peace advocate in Scandinavia, combining work in the Inter-Parliamentary Union with being the first president of the International Peace Bureau"[9][20]

1909

Auguste Beernaert

 Belgium

"[For being a] representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[9][21]

Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant

 France

"[For] combined diplomatic work for Franco-German and Franco-British understanding with a distinguished career in international arbitration"[9][21]

1910

Permanent International Peace Bureau

  Switzerland

"[For acting] as a link between the peace societies of the various countries"[22][23]

1911

Tobias Asser

 Netherlands

"[For being a] member of the Court of Arbitration as well as the initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law"[9][24]

Alfred Fried

 Austria-Hungary

"[For his work as] founder of the German Peace Society"[9][24]

1912

Elihu Root[A]

 United States

"[F]or his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court"[9][25]

1913

Henri La Fontaine

 Belgium

"[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau"[9][26]

1914

Not awarded due to World War I.

1915

1916

1917

International Committee of the Red Cross

  Switzerland

"[For undertaking] the tremendous task of trying to protect the rights of the many prisoners of war on all sides [of World War I], including their right to establish contacts with their families"[9][27]

1918

Not awarded due to World War I.

1919

Woodrow Wilson

 United States

"[F]or his crucial role in establishing the League of Nations"[9][28]

1920

Léon Bourgeois

 France

"[For his participation] in both the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907" and for his work towards "what became the League to such an extent that he was frequently called its 'spiritual father'"[9][29]

1921

Hjalmar Branting

 Sweden

"[F]or his work in the League of Nations"[9][30]

Christian Lange

 Norway

"[For his work as] the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" and "the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[9][30]

1922

Fridtjof Nansen

"[For] his work in aiding the millions in Russia struggling against famine" and "his work for the refugees in Asia Minor and Thrace"[31][32]

1923

Not awarded

1924

1925

Sir Austen Chamberlain[A]

 United Kingdom

For work on the Locarno Treaties[9][33]

Charles G. Dawes[A]

 United States

"[F]or [work on] the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925"[9][33]

1926

Aristide Briand

 France

For work on the Locarno Treaties[9][34]

Gustav Stresemann

 Germany

1927

Ferdinand Buisson

 France

"[For] contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation"[9][35]

Ludwig Quidde

 Germany

1928

Not awarded

1929

Frank B. Kellogg[A]

 United States

"[F]or the Kellogg-Briand pact, whose signatories agreed to settle all conflicts by peaceful means and renounced war as an instrument of national policy"[9][36]

1930

Nathan Söderblom

 Sweden

"[F]or his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace"[9][37]

1931

Jane Addams

 United States

"[F]or her social reform work" and "leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[9][38]

Nicholas Murray Butler

"[For his promotion] of the Briand-Kellogg pact" and for his work as the "leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement"[9][38]

1932

Not awarded

1933

Sir Norman Angell[A]

 United Kingdom

For authoring The Great Illusion and for being a "supporter of the League of Nations as well as an influential publicist [and] educator for peace in general"[39]

1934

Arthur Henderson

"[F]or his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament"[9][40][41]

1935

Carl von Ossietzky[B]

 Germany

"[For his] struggle against Germany's rearmament"[9][42]

1936

Carlos Saavedra Lamas

 Argentina

"[F]or his mediation of an end to the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia"[9][43]

1937

The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood

 United Kingdom

For his work with the League of Nations[9][44]

1938

Nansen International Office for Refugees

 League of Nations

For its work in aiding refugees[45]

1939

Not awarded due to World War II.

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

International Committee of the Red Cross

  Switzerland

"[F]or the great work it has performed during the war in behalf of humanity"[46]

1945

Cordell Hull

 United States

"[For] his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization"[47]

1946

Emily Greene Balch

"Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[48]

John Raleigh Mott

"Chairman, International Missionary Council; President, World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations"[48]

1947

Friends Service Council

 United Kingdom

"compassion for others and the desire to help them"[49]

American Friends Service Committee

 United States

1948

Not awarded because "there was no suitable living candidate." (A tribute to the recently assassinated Gandhi in India.)[8]

1949

The Lord Boyd-Orr

 United Kingdom

"Physician; Alimentary Politician; Prominent organizer and Director, General Food and Agricultural Organization; President, National Peace Council and World Union of Peace Organizations"[50]

1950

Ralph Bunche

 United States

"Professor, Harvard University Cambridge, MA; Director, division of Trusteeship, U.N.; Acting Mediator in Palestine, 1948"[51]

1951

Léon Jouhaux

 France

"President of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the United Nations"[52]

1952

Albert Schweitzer

"Missionary surgeon; Founder of Lambaréné (République de Gabon)"[53]

1953

George C. Marshall

 United States

"General President American Red Cross; Former Secretary of State and of Defense; Delegate U.N.; Originator of [the] 'Marshall Plan'"[54]

1954

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

 United Nations

"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"[55]

1955

Not awarded

1956

1957

Lester Bowles Pearson

 Canada

"former Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada; former President of the 7th Session of the United Nations General Assembly";[56] "for his role in helping to end the Suez conflict and trying to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations."[9]

1958

Dominique Pire

 Belgium

"Father in the Dominican Order; Leader of the relief organization for refugees "L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde""[57]

1959

Philip Noel-Baker

 United Kingdom

"Member of Parliament; lifelong ardent worker for international peace and co-operation"[58]

1960

Albert Lutuli

 South Africa  (Born in Southern Rhodesia)

"President of the African National Congress,"[59] "was in the very forefront of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa."[9]

1961

Dag Hammarskjöld[C]

 Sweden

"Secretary General of the U.N.,"[60] awarded "for strengthening the organization."[9]

1962

Linus Pauling

 United States

"for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing"[61]

1963

International Committee of the Red Cross

  Switzerland

For their work in the protection of human rights in the ICRC's 100 years of existence.[62]

League of Red Cross Societies

1964

Martin Luther King, Jr.

 United States

Campaigner for civil rights, "first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence." King spent his time working in various areas of the civil rights movement; from equal education to economic disenfranchisement of minorities. King also organized the March on Washington, where he gave his famous “I Have a Dream Speech”.[63]

1965

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

 United Nations

"An international aid organization." [64]

1966

Not awarded

1967

1968

René Cassin

 France

"President of the European Court for Human Rights"[65]

1969

International Labour Organization

 United Nations

[66]

1970

Norman E. Borlaug

 United States

"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center;"[67] "for his contributions to the "green revolution" that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."[9]

1971

Willy Brandt

 West Germany

"Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; for West Germany's Ostpolitik"[68]

1972

Not awarded

1973

Henry Kissinger

 United States  (Born in  Germany)

"For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam war and a withdrawal of the American forces"[9][69]

Lê Đức Thọ[D]

 Vietnam (North)

1974

Seán MacBride

 Ireland  (Born in  France)

"President of the International Peace Bureau; President of the Commission of Namibia."[70] "For his strong interest in human rights: piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists"[9]

Eisaku Satō

 Japan

"Prime Minister of Japan,"[70] "for his renunciation of the nuclear option for Japan and his efforts to further regional reconciliation"[9]

1975

Andrei Sakharov[E]

 Soviet Union

"[for his] struggle for human rights, for disarmament, and for cooperation between all nations"[71]

1976

Betty Williams

 United Kingdom

"Founder[s] of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)"[72]

Mairead Corrigan

1977

Amnesty International

"[for] protecting the human rights of prisoners of conscience"[9][73]

1978

Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat

 Egypt

"for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"[74]

Menachem Begin

 Israel   Poland  (Born in  Russia)

1979

Mother Teresa

 India  (Born in Skopje, now  Republic of Macedonia)

"Founder of Missionaries of Charity"[75]

1980

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel

 Argentina

"Human rights leader;"[76] "founded non-violent human rights organizations to fight the military junta that was ruling his country (Argentina)."[9]

1981

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

 United Nations

"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"[77]

1982

Alva Myrdal

 Sweden

"[for] their magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition"[78][79]

Alfonso García Robles

 Mexico

1983

Lech Wałęsa

 Poland

"Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights"[80]

1984

Desmond Tutu

 South Africa

"... as a unifying leader figure in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa. ... Through the award of this year's Peace Prize, the Committee wishes to direct attention to the non-violent struggle for liberation to which Desmond Tutu belongs, a struggle in which black and white South Africans unite to bring their country out of conflict and crisis."[81]

1985

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

 United States

For "authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare. The committee believes that this in turn contributes to an increase in the pressure of public opposition to the proliferation of atomic weapons and to a redefining of priorities, with greater attention being paid to health and other humanitarian issues."[82]

1986

Elie Wiesel

 United States  (Born in  Romania)

"Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust""[83]

1987

Óscar Arias

 Costa Rica

"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"[84]

1988

United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces

 United Nations

"[for] their efforts [that] have made important contributions towards the realization of one of the fundamental tenets of the United Nations"[85][86]

1989

Tenzin Gyatso,14th Dalai Lama

 India  (Born in  Tibet)[87]

"In his struggle for the liberation of Tibet [he] consistently has opposed the use of violence. He has instead advocated peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."[88][89]

1990

Mikhail Gorbachev

 Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union  and President of the Soviet Union, "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"[90]

1991

Aung San Suu Kyi[F]

 Burma

"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"[91]

1992

Rigoberta Menchú

 Guatemala

"for her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"[92]

1993

Nelson Mandela

 South Africa

"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"[93]

Frederik Willem de Klerk

1994

Yasser Arafat

 Palestine  (Born in  Egypt)

"to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[94]

Yitzhak Rabin

 Israel

Shimon Peres

 Israel  (Born in   Poland)

1995

Joseph Rotblat

 United Kingdom  (Born in  Poland)

"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[95]

Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs

 Canada

1996

Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo

 East Timor

"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[96]

José Ramos-Horta

1997

International Campaign to Ban Landmines

  Switzerland

"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"[97]

Jody Williams

 United States

1998

John Hume

 United Kingdom

"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"[98]

David Trimble

 United Kingdom

1999

Médecins Sans Frontières

  Switzerland

"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"[99]

2000

Kim Dae-jung

 South Korea

"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"[100]

2001

United Nations

 United Nations

"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"[101]

Kofi Annan

 Ghana

2002

Jimmy Carter

 United States

"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"[102]

2003

Shirin Ebadi

 Iran

"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children."[103]

2004

Wangari Muta Maathai

 Kenya

"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[104]

2005

International Atomic Energy Agency

 United Nations

"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"[105]

Mohamed ElBaradei

 Egypt

2006

Muhammad Yunus

 Bangladesh

"for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work"[106]

Grameen Bank

2007

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

 United Nations

"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"[107]

Al Gore

 United States

2008

Martti Ahtisaari

 Finland

"for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"[108]

2009

Barack Obama

 United States

"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."[109]

2010

Liu Xiaobo

 China

"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"[110]

2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

 Liberia

"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[111]

Leymah Gbowee

Tawakkul Karman

 Yemen

2012

European Union

 European Union

"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe."[112]

2013

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

International

"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons."[113]

2014

Kailash Satyarthi

 India

"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"[114]

Malala Yousafzai

 Pakistan

2015

Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet

 Tunisia

"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011"[115]

2016

Juan Manuel Santos

 Colombia

"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people"[116]

2017

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

  Switzerland

"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons"[117].

tag: table