document_title: Of Mice and Men in popular culture

question_text: who said i will love him and call him george

text: Of Mice and Men in popular culture

text: In cartoons and animation[edit]

text: Homages to the characters Lennie and George have been especially popular in American cartoons and animated films. The New York Times reviewed the 1939 film based on the novella thusly:

text:
“
Despite being endlessly parodied in Warner Bros. and MGM cartoons ("Which way did he go, George? Which way did he go?") Of Mice and Men retains its raw dramatic power.[1]
”

text: Theatrical cartoon shorts of the 1940s and 1950s, particularly the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons released by Warner Bros., are awash with Of Mice and Men parodies. The reference most often appears in the form of one character asking another, à la Lennie, "Which way did he go, George; which way did he go?",[2] such as the episodes Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt or Falling Hare.[3] The other popular reference draws on Lennie's love of soft furry animals and his underestimation of his strength. In The Abominable Snow Rabbit (1961), the abominable snowman grabs Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck saying, "I will name him George, and I will hug him, and pet him, and squeeze him" with Mel Blanc doing an unmistakable imitation of Lon Chaney, Jr.'s Lennie. This material was re-used in Spaced Out Bunny (1980), the last Warner Bros. cartoon in which Bugs Bunny was voiced by Mel Blanc.[citation needed]

text: Tex Avery, who worked as a director on Warner-released cartoons during the 1930s and early 1940s, started the Of Mice and Men trend with Of Fox and Hounds (1940) and Lonesome Lenny (1946) featuring Screwy Squirrel. The formula was so successful that it was used again and again in subsequent shorts, notably Robert McKimson's Hoppy Go Lucky (1952), Cat-Tails for Two (1953) and Chuck Jones' The Abominable Snow Rabbit (1961). Avery himself used it again when he went on to direct several cartoons starring the George and Lennie doppelgangers George and Junior for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the late 1940s.[citation needed]

text: Many more serious animated features use George and Lennie-type characters to serve as comic relief.

text: Other examples in animation include:

text:
The animated series American Dad! has an episode ("Of Ice and Men") that deals with the subject.
The Warner Bros. cartoon duo Pinky and the Brain (of Animaniacs fame) are somewhat similar to Lennie and George.
There are two references made in Archer. In the season 2 episode "A Going Concern", Sterling brainwashes ODIN head Len Trexler to despise Mallory, but doing so causes Trexler to lose much of his intelligence. He expresses a simpleton's desire to hold and pet a rabbit nearby, an ode to Slim offering one of his puppies to Lennie, with Sterling asking Cyril, "Can we give Lennie the rabbit?" In the following episode "Blood Test", Trinette tries to get a "baby-crazy" Lana (who is constantly berated for her "man-like" hands) to give back her infant son Seamus, with Gillette interjecting, "Give her the rabbit, Lennie!" and in season 6 Sterling was in the closet with Gort and said Shut Up Lennie!
In the Disney cartoon series Bonkers, the roles of George and Lennie are given to the main antagonists of the episode "Comeback Kid". Here, George is portrayed as a small red toon rooster named Chick; Lennie is portrayed as a large blue toon longhorned steer named Stu.
Two mice play the main characters in "Of Mice and Men", an episode of Cat and Girl. Cat appears to eat one of the mice just after it asks "Tell me about the rabbits, George", but then announces "he got away" in an apparent reference to a desired ending for the story.
The animated series The Cleveland Show has an episode entitled "Of Lice and Men".
In the movie Dragon Hunters, the two main characters, Lian-Chu and Gwizdo, seem to share a similar relationship to that of Lennie and George. Lian-Chu asks Gwizdo to tell him about the farm they would live in with many sheep in a similar way to Lennie.
In the Futurama episode "Love and Rocket", Bender plays with the ship's control panel. The ship then says: "Stop it! You're mussing up my trajectory!", as Curley's wife does in the novel.[4]
The Histeria! episode "Writers of the Purple Prose" featured a sketch based on the fact that the first draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog (played in the sketch by Loud Kiddington's dog, Fetch). In the cover of the book shown in the sketch, Froggo and Lucky Bob are depicted as George and Lennie.
In the King of the Hill episode "Of Mice and Little Green Men," Bobby and Hank act in a stage production of Of Mice and Men. In the episode "serPUNt," Bobby's pet snake goes down a sewer causing a panic. The snake is killed, but Hank tells his son Bobby that they let it loose on a farm. At the end of the episode, Bobby asks Hank to "tell me about the farm," in the same manner that Lennie asked George.
In The Loud House, the name and personality of Leni Loud was developed from Lennie "because of the characteristic that she doesn't know her own strength but is super sweet, which was ultimately changed, and [Chris Savino] changed the spelling to Leni to match the 4-letter [names of the other sisters]."[5]
In an episode of Robot Chicken, a Rocky and Bullwinkle spoof has the duo playing George and Lennie respectively, acting out some of the major moments of the story.
There is at least one Roger Ramjet episode which features a George/Lennie-based duo, the latter with lines like "tell me about the rabbits".
In the The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show episode "Goof Gas Attack", Bullwinkle, whose inherent stupidity gives him immunity from Boris Badenov's latest weapon, laments that now that every living creature is stupid, there's nobody left to feed him a straight line anymore. Rocky the Flying Squirrel confirms this by pleading, "Tell me about the rabbits, George!", thereby confirming Bullwinkle's concern.
In the South Park episode "A Million Little Fibers", Oprah Winfrey's vagina (Mingee) and anus (Gary) have a friendship similar to that of George and Lennie - this is most noticeable at the end where, after being shot, Gary asks Mingee to tell him about Paris and much like in the novella, Mingee tells him about it as Gary dies.
In The Transformers: The Movie (1986), while escaping Galvatron in a spaceship departing Autobot City, Grimlock pleads Kups to, “Tell Grimlock about petro-rabbits again.”[6]

text: In films (live action)[edit]

text:
In the film Straw Dogs (1971) starring Dustin Hoffman, flirtatious teenager Janice is accidentally strangled by the tall, robustly built but intellectually challenged Henry Niles while they are alone in an outbuilding, with several parallels to the killing of Curley's wife by Lennie in Of Mice And Men.
In the film "Chinatown" (1974) there are two minor characters named "Curly" and "Curly's Wife."
In Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990) two of the gremlins are named Lenny and George, after the characters of the book.[7]
In the Woody Allen movie Small Time Crooks (2000), Frenchy (Tracey Ullman) says of one of her husband's dimwitted friends: "All that's missing from this guy is a piece of velvet and a pet mouse."
In Marley & Me (2008), while taking Marley to get neutered and discussing the fact that the dog has no idea what's coming, John comments to himself, "It's like Of Mice and Men".
In the film Fanboys (2009), Hutch says, "Tell me about the rabbits George." When they are trying to get Linus to tell them the story of going to the Skywalker ranch.
In the film Hotel for Dogs (2009) there are two dogs, a small dog named Georgia and a large dog named Lenny.

text: In music[edit]

text:
During the fourth verse of "Suplex" by Army of the Pharaohs, rapper Vinnie Paz compares his foe's intellect to that of the novella's character Lennie Small's: "Of mice and men, motherfucker, you tend to the rabbits / Suicidal, I wish the Unabomber sent me a package."
The Bell X1 single "The Great Defector" includes the line, "Won't you tell (us) 'bout those rabbits, George?".
In the song “Cleanser” by Brand New, there are references to Of Mice and Men, including mention of the River in the beginning of the book ("the best best best best plans where both mice and men can go terribly wrong/and probably will"), making note of a lady who is vain (which would refer to Curley's wife), and a line in the chorus: "Weighing the cost of the love you make/ Feeling the weight of the bones you break", which would be Curley's wife's wandering eye and Lennie killing her.
John Leguizamo sings (or raps) "Which way did he go, George; which way did he go?" on his song "Voodoo Mambo", as does Tupac Shakur on "Can't C Me" (Can't See Me).[8][9]
Laura Marling's song, "Salinas", makes references to Salinas, "Of Mice and Men" and Steinbeck's wife.
Megadeth have a song titled "Of Mice And Men" from The System Has Failed album.
American metalcore band Of Mice & Men name is derived from the novel's title.
Icelandic indie rock band Of Monsters and Men is named after the story, replacing mice with monsters.
Katy Perry references the novella in her song "Pearl": This love's too strong like "Mice and Men" / Squeezing out the life that should be let in.
"Of Mice and Ben" is an orchestral piece on the Lost Season 4 soundtrack. The title is a portmanteau of Of Mice and Men and "Ben".
Polish band Myslovitz have a song titled "Myszy i ludzie" which means "Mice and Men" and the song is based on the novel.
The Grateful Dead's song "Jack Straw," first performed in 1971, was based in part on Of Mice and Men.[10]

text: In literature[edit]

text:
One of Colin Bateman's novels is entitled Of Wee Sweetie Mice and Men (1996).
In Ian Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953), one of Le Chiffre's two guards is described as "rather like Lennie from Of Mice and Men"
In Stephen King's novel 11/22/63 (2011), the main character, as an English substitute teacher, puts on Of Mice and Men as a school play.
In Stephen King's novel Blaze (2007), the story's protagonist Clayton Blaisdell bears several similarities to Lennie. His deceased best friend, named George, was also a small and quick-witted man.
In Stephen King's novel The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla (2004), Father Callahan sizes up the Hitler Brothers as George and Lennie, although the large one was the smart one of the pair.
In Stephen King's serial novel The Green Mile (1996), John Coffey (played by Michael Clarke Duncan in the 1999 film) is similar to Lennie in that he is large, unintelligent, and innocent at heart. In both stories, mice fall into their care at some point and ultimately, at the time of their deaths, both Lennie and John Coffey were executed in the most compassionate way possible under the circumstances that occur in both novels. Percy Wetmore, one of the guards along the Green Mile and Curley share roles as an antagonist; Percy (who is notably a described as a small man, much like Curley), is seen constantly antagonizing John Coffey much like Curley's fight with Lennie.
In Stephen King's novel Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Bobby Garfield mentions the "farm with the rabbits" as the definition of a happy life.
In Stephen King's novel The Talisman (1984), George and Lennie's relationship seems to be paralleled by Jack and Wolf's relationship. Wolf also crushes the hand of another character.
The story "My Brother's Keeper",[citation needed] from the EC magazine Shock Illustrated, features a large, slow-witted character named Larry whose brother mercy-kills him when he fears Larry is to be institutionalized.[citation needed]
Harry Turtledove's short fantasy story "Of Mice and Chicks", published in Turn the Other Chick, is a parody about two warrior women named Georgia and Lani, whose adventure broadly parallels Steinbeck's novel, although the setting and tone are reminiscent of a Monty Python film.

text: In radio and television (live action)[edit]

text:
In the Cabin Pressure episode "Fitton", Douglas cites Of Mice and Men as an example of a book that sounds more interesting without the final letter of the title.[when?]
In an episode of Cold Case[which?], a 19-year-old man kills a mentally challenged 17-year-old boy out of sympathy, after circumstances rendered him unable to protect the teen from the harsh realities of the world.[when?]
In a season 3 episode of Criminal Minds, Derek Morgan talks about those who are guilt-laden with crimes they committed and send gifts to the family of their victims. He says they are quite often large with a developmental disability, to which Emily Prentiss replies, "Like Lennie from Of Mice and Men?"
In an episode of CSI: NY, a primary suspect (Tim Guinee) is auditioning for the part of George in the stage adaptation of Of Mice and Men.[when?] Gary Sinise, who stars in CSI: NY, played George in the 1992 film adaptation of the novel.[citation needed]
In the Cyberchase episode "The Borg of the Ring", a character wishes for a rabbit to "love and call George".[when?]
In an episode of Emergency!,[which?] Dr. Joe Early (Bobby Troup) says to Dr. Kelly Brackett (Robert Fuller), "Tell me about the rabbits, George!" Dr. Brackett responds, "You're too young!" To which Dr. Early replies, "You know, you're right!"[when?]
In an episode of the game show Family Feud,[which?] the host asks a contestant whose team has already won (this information is withheld from the contestant), what the name of Curley's wife is, which is never mentioned in the novel.[when?]
In the season 3 episode of the sitcom Friends titled "The One with a Chick and a Duck" (1997), Joey is playing with a little chicken. Chandler alludes to Of Mice and Men by saying, "Easy, Lennie", to Joey. This was written in the subtitles, "Easy Lenny", by misunderstanding.
The opening quote of the Grimm episode titled "Of Mouse and Men" is, "I am impelled, not to squeak like a grateful and frightened mouse, but to roar..." The episode features a mouse-like creature similar in may ways to Lennie: both characters are seemingly meek and mild-mannered, but turn out to be capable of horrific violence.[when?]
In the How I Met Your Mother episode "Architect of Destruction" (6x05), Marshall imagines Robin comparing his style of love making to Lennie.[when?]
In the third season premiere of the skit comedy show Key and Peele, a rapper (Keegan-Michael Key) kills his hype man (Jordan Peele) because he progressively interrupts him during a rap battle.[when?]
In flashback in the Lost season 3 episode "Every Man for Himself" (3x04), Sawyer is reading the book in a prison. While on the island, Sawyer quotes the book to Ben, an Other. Later, Ben quotes a different passage to Sawyer. After the references, the character who quoted it asks, "Don't you read?", as the other character is staring at them, in confusion and disbelief, respectively.[when?]
In the Lost season 6 episode "The Substitute" (6x04), Sawyer confronts the fake John Locke (the "Man in Black"), by retelling the story of Of Mice And Men in a nutshell and then pointing a gun at him. Sawyer admits the book is his favorite.[when?]
In the 2005 show, My Name is Earl, Jason Lee and Ethan Suplee star as brothers: Suplee is a dim-witted gentle giant, and Lee is the cynical yet wiser one who makes all of the decisions and looks after his brother.
In an episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000[which?], Observer has been deprived of his brain (which he keeps in a dish), and, due to a time warp, is stuck with Pearl Forrester and Professor Bobo in a dungeon in Ancient Rome. When Pearl is attempting to bring Mike Nelson down to the cell they are in to ease their escape, Observer says, among other things, "Tell me about the rabbits, Pearl!"[when?]
On the radio/ television show Our Miss Brooks, dimwitted school athlete "Stretch" Snodgrass is often compared to Lennie. In his first appearance, "Stretch the Basketball Star",[which?] he has Lennie's tendency to repeat comments made to him in a confused fashion and even uses Lennie's "She's purty" to describe series regular Harriet Conklin. His family owns a pet shop, and he is seen to like animals, although he does not kill them accidentally. In "The Grudge Match",[which?] Connie Brooks makes a direct comparison, stating that Snodgrass and Walter Denton remind her of Lennie and George from Of Mice and Men. Snodgrass doubts Denton could be Lennie, given his ability to manage the school paper and the basketball team. Brooks replies: "Walter isn't my candidate for Lennie".
In an episode of Power Rangers In Space,[which?] Cassie is fast-talked into a date with a big guy named Lennie, with help from his smaller, smarter friend George.[when?]
In the Psych episode "Sixty-Five Million Years Off", the character Shawn Spencer tells his partner Burton Guster about his Lennie impression and how it "would have brought tears". He does his impression when he and Gus go question a suspect in a murder case, after the suspect slams the door in their faces repeatedly.[when?]
Season 19, episode 4, of Saturday Night Live hosted by John Malkovich, includes a sketch about creating a version of the story for a Disney film. The narrator (as Michael Eisner) informs the audience that the George character has been eliminated because he tested poorly. That character will be replaced by a second Lennie. The two Lennies are played by Malkovich and Chris Farley. Phil Hartman, Rob Schneider, Jan Hooks, and Lorne Michaels have notable parts in the sketch.[when?]
The season 34 episode of Saturday Night Live hosted by James Franco includes a sketch about the alternate ending of Of Mice and Men, where Lennie (played by Bobby Moynihan) discovers that George (Franco) has been sugarcoating reality and lying to him about death (he also notices George's weapon and astutely points out, "I'm pretty sure that's a gun!"), leading Lennie to blame George for killing Curley's (Bill Hader) wife.[when?]
In season 1, episode 11 of The Blacklist (titled "The Good Samaratin"), Red tells Newton Phillips (alias "Coogan"), who had betrayed him, "Look at the water. Just look at the water", before killing him.
In season 2, episode 13 of The L Word, Alice tells Dana that she does not want to be "like the guy with the mouse". Dana replies: "So, don't be Lenny".[when?]
In the season 3, episode 16 of "The Middle", entitled "The Sit Down", Axl did not read "Of Mice and Men" for his homework assignment. Brick then reads it and describes the story to Axl from the back seat of the car, while Axl, Sue, and Brick drive around town searching for Sue's lost jacket.[citation needed]
In The Monkees episode "Monkees in a Ghost Town", the hoods' names are George and Lennie. Lennie is played by Lon Chaney, Jr., as he was in the earlier film. He even produces a mouse from his pocket.[when?]
The season 5 episode of The Shield, "Of Mice and Lem", includes foreshadowing events similar to those in the book. In the conclusion of the episode, the main character is hoodwinked and robbed.
In a Season 3 comedy sketch of Key and Peele titled Rap Battle Hype Man, there is a direct allusion to Lennie's death. Key's character, a rapper named Diller Killer, is disqualified from a rap battle after his hype man, played by Peele, disrupts it and pushes the audience and rappers and yells. They are sitting on a lake while Key's Character distracts the hype man. He then shoots him after telling him to yell one more time and the sketch ends with "Steinbeck y'all!" referring to the author, John Steinbeck.
At the end of The Walking Dead episode, "The Grove" (March 16, 2014), Carol kills a child named Lizzie, because Lizzie was befriending and feeding walkers, and she had killed her own sister Mika and was planning to also kill baby Judith, thinking the two would "come back".[11] Carol leads Lizzie outside to talk. Lizzie breaks down crying because she thinks Carol is 'mad' at her and Carol comforts her. She tells Lizzie to 'look at the flowers' and, as Lizzie’s back is turned, Carol takes out her revolver and shoots her. This scene is reminiscent of the ending of Of Mice and Men, when George kills Lennie while telling him to look away as he tells him about the rabbits.[12]

text:
In Episode 2 of the third season of Bates Motel, Chick tells Dylan and Caleb that they remind him of a book, asking if they have rabbits.[13]
In season 2, episode 17 of Scorpion, Happy tells Tobias 'you're hugging the bunny way too tight Lenny'. Using this as a metaphor for Tobias' relationship with her.

text: In video games[edit]

text:
In the video game Baldur's Gate, if the player repeatedly clicks on the character Xzar, one of the responses is, "Duh. Tell me about the rabbits".
In the video game The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, if the player asks about the NPC Gogron gro-Bolmog, it is said that he had a pet rabbit as a child, and petted it so hard he crushed its skull.
In the video game Fallout 2, if the player is playing a mentally handicapped person, when talking to a woman in a brothel they have the opportunity to tell that woman that "George sayz we gonna haf a few achers of our own an' I shud keep away from you or he won't lemme play wit the rabbitz so me go now."
The plot of Justic Scrolls, a video game from 2006, is extremely similar to that of the book. Both the book and the game have two friends, a clever one and a dull-witted one as well as both being about a dream that the two of them have. As well as this they both end up with one of the main characters shooting the other, and both of them have a character in them who has a fetish for soft things. Of Mice and Men is also referenced in the game, such as when Paul, the clever one of the two, says to dumb-witted Nert that "he hopes he doesn't do a 'Lennie' on them".[citation needed]
In Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time, one of the chapters is named "Of Mice and Mechs."
In Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, On chapter 9, after Cutter goes on a bad drug trip, Sully tells Cutter to go ahead before himself, and Cutter says: "Yeah, yeah, before I know it, you'll be putting that gun on the back of my head and telling me about the rabbits."[14]
In the game, Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, in the smithy in the snowhead region, the characters running the shop are similar to George and Lennie. The blacksmith, Gabora, is huge and Hulk-like and can only speak in loud grunts, while the smaller man, Zubora, is smart and runs the shop.

text: In webcomics and web series[edit]

text: In Scott Kurtz's PvP webcomic, character Brent Sienna mocks Skull the Troll's intelligence by exclaiming, "Duh tell me about the Rabbits George".[citation needed]

text: In Alan Tudyk's Con Man season 2 episode 8, celebrities Wray Nerely, Leslie Jordan, and Wray's agent Bobbie perform Lou Ferrigno's musical adaptation titled "I'm with Stupid" while trapped in the basement of Long Con.


document_title: List of home video game consoles

question_text: when was the first gaming console ever made

root

text: List of home video game consoles

text: List of release date in order

text: First generation (1972–1980)

text:
Magnavox Odyssey, released in 1972, was the first home video game console.

Ping-O-Tronic (1974)

Color TV-Game (1977)

tag: ul

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer

Magnavox Odyssey
September 1972
Magnavox

Ping-O-Tronic
1974
Zanussi

Atari PONG
1975
Atari

PC-50X Family
1975
General Instrument

Tele-Spiel
1975
Philips

Video 2000
1975
Interton

Coleco Telstar
1976
Coleco

Color TV-Game
1977
Nintendo

Champion 2711
1978
Unisonic

tag: table

text: Consoles of the early 1970s, such as the Pong consoles and the Magnavox Odyssey, were often inaccurately called "analog", but were actually discrete logic circuits.[1]

text: Second generation (1976–1992)

text:
Fairchild Channel F (1976)

Fairchild Channel F II (1979)

RCA Studio II (1977)

Atari 2600 (1977)

Bally Astrocade (1977)

VC 4000 (1978)

Magnavox Odyssey 2 (1978)

Intellivision (1980)

VTech CreatiVision (1981)

Epoch Cassette Vision (1981)

Arcadia 2001 (1982)

Atari 5200 (1982)

ColecoVision (1982)

Vectrex (1982)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer

Fairchild Channel F
1976
Fairchild

RCA Studio II
1977
RCA

Atari 2600
September 11, 1977
Atari Inc.

Bally Astrocade
1977
Midway

APF-MP1000
1978
APF

VC 4000
1978
Interton

Magnavox Odyssey²
1978
Magnavox/Philips  /

Channel F II
1979
Fairchild

APF Imagination Machine
1979
APF

Bandai Super Vision 8000
1979
Bandai

Intellivision
1980
Mattel

PlayCable
1981
Mattel

VTech CreatiVision
1981
VTech

Epoch Cassette Vision
1981
Epoch

Arcadia 2001/Leisure Vision
1982
Emerson Radio

Atari 5200
November 1982
Atari Inc.

ColecoVision
1982
Coleco

Entex Adventure Vision
1982
Entex

Vectrex
1982
GCE/Milton Bradley Company

text: Third generation (1983–2003)

text:
Nintendo Entertainment System (1983)

Sega Master System (1985)

Atari 7800 (1986)

Super Cassette Vision (1984)

PV-1000 (1983)

Action Max (1987)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

PV-1000
1983
Casio

Z80A clocked at 3.579 MHz

Videopac G7400
1983
Philips

Commodore 64 Games System
1990
Commodore

Amstrad GX4000
1990
Amstrad
15,000
Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz

Atari 7800
May 1986
Atari Corporation
3.77 million[2]
Atari SALLY 6502 ("6502C") clocked at 1.19-1.79 MHz,

Atari XEGS
1987
Atari Corporation
2 million
MOS Technology 6502C

Action Max
1987
Worlds of Wonder

HD401010

Sega SG-1000
July 15, 1983
Sega
2 million
Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz

Sega Master System
October 20, 1985
Sega , Tec Toy
13 million
Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz

NES/Family Computer (Famicom)
July 15, 1983
Nintendo
61.91 million
Ricoh 2A03 8-bit processor (MOS Technology 6502 core)

Family Computer Disk System[3]
1986
Nintendo
4.44 million
Ricoh 2A03 8-bit processor (MOS Technology 6502 core)

My Vision
1983
Nichibutsu

Super Cassette Vision
1984
Epoch

Zemmix
1985
Daewoo Electronics

Bridge Companion
1985
BBC/Heber

text: Fourth generation (1987–2004)

text:
TurboGrafx-16 (1987)

Sega Genesis (1988)

Neo-Geo (1990)

Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1990)

Turbo Duo (1991)

CD-i (1991)

Sega 32X (1994)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16
000000001987-10-30-0000October 30, 1987
NEC
10,000,000
Hudson Soft HuC6280

PC Engine2/SuperGrafx
000000001989-12-08-0000December 8, 1989
NEC

Hudson Soft HuC6280

Sega Genesis/Mega Drive
000000001988-10-29-0000October 29, 1988
Sega
30,750,000
Motorola 68000 @ 7.6 MHz
Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz

Sega CD/Mega CD
000000001991-12-12-0000December 12, 1991
Sega
2,240,000
Motorola 68000 @ 12.5 MHz

Sega 32X
000000001994-11-21-0000November 21, 1994
Sega
665,000
2 × SH-2 32-bit RISC @ 23 MHz

Konix Multisystem
999999999999-99-99-0000Cancelled
Konix
N/A

Neo-Geo
000000001990-04-26-0000April 26, 1990
SNK
750,000
Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz, Zilog Z80A @ 4 MHz

Super NES/Super Famicom
000000001990-11-21-0000November 21, 1990
Nintendo
49,100,000
Ricoh 5A22 @ 3.58 MHz

SNES-CD
999999999999-99-99-0000Cancelled
Nintendo
N/A

Satellaview
000000001995-04-23-0000April 23, 1995
Nintendo

Atari Panther
999999999999-99-99-0000Cancelled
Atari Corporation
N/A

Commodore CDTV
000000001991-03-01-0000March 1991
Commodore

Motorola 68000 @ 7 MHz

Turbo Duo/PC Engine Duo
000000001991-09-21-0000September 21, 1991
NEC
500,000
Hudson Soft HuC6280

CD-i
000000001991-12-03-0000December 3, 1991
Philips
1,500,000
Philips SCC68070 @ 15.5 MHz

Memorex VIS
000000001992-06-01-0000June 1992
Memorex/Tandy Corp
15,000

Sega Pico
000000001993-06-26-0000June 26, 1993
Sega/Majesco Entertainment

Super A'Can
000000001995-10-25-0000October 25, 1995
Funtech

text: Fifth generation (1993–2005)

text:
Pioneer LaserActive (1993)

FM Towns Marty (1993)

Atari Jaguar (1993)

Neo-Geo CD (1994)

PlayStation (1994)

Sega Saturn (1994)

3DO Interactive Multiplayer (1993)

Nintendo 64 (1996)

Amiga CD32 (1993)

PC-FX (1994)

Apple Bandai Pippin (1995)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

Pioneer LaserActive
000000001993-08-20-0000August 20, 1993
Pioneer Corporation

FM Towns Marty
000000001993-02-20-0000February 20, 1993
Fujitsu

AMD 386SX at 16 MHz

Apple Bandai Pippin
000000001995-03-28-0000March 28, 1995
Bandai /Apple Inc.
42,000
PowerPC 603 RISC (66 MHz)

PC-FX
000000001994-12-23-0000December 23, 1994
NEC
>400,000
NEC V810

Neo-Geo CD
000000001994-09-09-0000September 9, 1994
SNK

Atari Jaguar
000000001993-11-23-0000November 23, 1993
Atari Corporation
<1 million

Atari Jaguar CD
000000001995-09-21-0000September 21, 1995
Atari Corporation

PlayStation
000000001994-12-03-0000December 3, 1994
Sony
102.49 million
R3000 @ 33.8688 MHz

Sega Saturn
000000001994-11-22-0000November 22, 1994
Sega
9.26 million
2× Hitachi SH-2 @ 28.6 MHz

3DO Interactive Multiplayer
000000001993-10-04-0000October 4, 1993
Panasonic/Sanyo /GoldStar
2 million
32-bit RISC CPU ARM60 based on ARM architecture @ 12.5 MHz

Amiga CD32
000000001993-09-17-0000September 17, 1993
Commodore
>100,000
Motorola 68EC020@ 14.18 MHz (PAL)14.32 MHz (NTSC)

Casio Loopy
000000001995-10-19-0000October 19, 1995
Casio

32-bit RISC SH-1 (SH7021)

Playdia
000000001994-09-23-0000September 23, 1994
Bandai

CPS Changer
000000001994-01-01-00001994
Capcom

Motorola 68000 (@ 10 MHz)

Nintendo 64
000000001996-06-23-0000June 23, 1996
Nintendo
32.93 million
64-bit NEC VR4300 @ 93.75 MHz

Nintendo 64DD
000000001999-12-01-0000December 1, 1999
Nintendo

text: Sixth generation (1998–2013)

text:
Dreamcast (1998 in Japan, 1999 in other areas)

PlayStation 2 (2000)

GameCube (2001)

Xbox (2001)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

Dreamcast
1998
Sega
9.13 million
Hitachi SH-4 32-bit RISC clocked at 200 MHz

Nuon
2000
VM Labs
>25 thousand

PlayStation 2
2000
Sony
155 million
Emotion Engine clocked at 294.912 MHz (launch), 299 MHz (newer models), with 128-bit SIMD capabilities

L600
Cancelled
Indrema
N/A

GameCube
2001
Nintendo
21.74 million
IBM PowerPC Gekko @ 486 MHz

iQue Player
2003
Nintendo
>0.1 million
R-4300 64Bit CPU, 93.75 MHz

Panasonic M2
Cancelled
Panasonic
N/A

Xbox
2001
Microsoft
24 million
Custom 733 MHz Intel Pentium III "Coppermine-based" processor

text: Seventh generation (2005–2017)

text:
Xbox 360 (2005)

PlayStation 3 (2006)

Wii (2006)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

Phantom
Cancelled
Phantom
N/A

Game Wave
2005
ZAPiT
70 thousand (as of 2008)[4]

Xbox 360
2005
Microsoft
83.7 million (as of March 31, 2014)[5][6][7][8]
3.2 GHz PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon

HyperScan
2006
Mattel

Wii
2006
Nintendo
101.63 million (as of December 31, 2016)[9]
IBM PowerPC "Broadway"

PlayStation 3
2006
Sony
80 million[10]
3.2 GHz Cell Broadband Engine with 1 PPE & 7 SPEs

text: Eighth generation (2012–present)

text:
Wii U (2012)

PlayStation 4 (2013)

Xbox One (2013)

text:
Name
Release date
Manufacturer
Units sold
CPU

Wii U
2012
Nintendo
13.56 million (as of December 31, 2016)[11]
1.24 GHz Tri-Core IBM PowerPC "Espresso"

PlayStation 4
2013
Sony
70.6 million (as of December 7, 2017)[12]
Semi-custom 8-core AMD x86-64 Jaguar 1.6 GHz CPU (integrated into APU)

Xbox One
2013
Microsoft
>10 million (as of December 31, 2013[update])[a]
Custom 1.75 GHz AMD 8-core APU (2 quad-core Jaguar modules)

text: The Nintendo Switch was released during this period, on March 3, 2017, but has been referred to as a hybrid video game console combining features of home and handheld systems.

tag: p


document_title: La La Land (film)

question_text: where does mia work in la la land

question_tokens: where does mia work in la la land

text: La La Land (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: While stuck in traffic on a Los Angeles highway ("Another Day of Sun"), Mia Dolan, an aspiring actress, has a moment of road rage with Sebastian Wilder, a struggling jazz pianist. After a bad day at work, her subsequent audition goes poorly when the casting director takes a call in the middle of an emotional scene. That night, Mia's roommates take her to a lavish party in the Hollywood Hills, where Mia hopes for a breakthrough ("Someone in the Crowd"). She walks home after her car is towed.

text: During a gig at a restaurant, Sebastian slips into a passionate jazz improvisation despite warnings from the owner to stick to the setlist of traditional Christmas songs. Mia overhears the music as she passes by ("Mia and Sebastian's Theme"). Moved, she enters the restaurant, but Sebastian is fired for his disobedience. As he storms out, Mia attempts to compliment him, but he brushes her off.

text: Months later, Mia runs into Sebastian at a party where he plays in a 1980s pop cover band; she teases him by requesting "I Ran (So Far Away)", a song he considers an insult for "a serious musician". After the gig, the two walk to their cars, lamenting each other's company despite the chemistry between them ("A Lovely Night").

text: The next day, Sebastian arrives at Mia's work, and she shows Sebastian around the movie lot, where she works as a barista, while explaining her passion for acting. Sebastian takes Mia to a jazz club, describing his passion for jazz and desire to open his own club. They warm to each other ("City of Stars"). Sebastian invites Mia to a screening of Rebel Without a Cause; Mia accepts, forgetting a commitment with her current boyfriend. Bored with the double date with her boyfriend, she runs to the theater and finds Sebastian as the film begins. When the projector breaks, the two conclude their evening with a romantic dance at the Griffith Observatory ("Planetarium").

text: After more failed auditions, Mia decides, at Sebastian's suggestion, to write a one-woman play. Sebastian begins to perform regularly at a jazz club ("Summer Montage"), and the two move in together. Sebastian's former classmate Keith invites him to be the keyboardist in his jazz fusion band, where he will be offered a steady income. Although he is dismayed by the band's pop style, Sebastian signs after overhearing Mia trying to convince her mother that Sebastian is working on his career. The band finds success, but when Mia attends one of their concerts ("Start a Fire") she is disturbed, knowing Sebastian does not enjoy their music.

text: During the band's first tour, Mia and Sebastian get into an argument; she accuses him of abandoning his dreams, while Sebastian claims she liked him more when he was unsuccessful. Mia leaves, insulted and frustrated. Sebastian misses Mia's play due to a band photo shoot that he had previously forgotten. The play is a disaster; few people attend, and Mia overhears dismissive comments. Sebastian attempts to apologize to Mia for missing the play, but she is unwilling to forgive him and ends their relationship. Despondent and unable to pay the theater back, Mia moves back home to Boulder City, Nevada.

text: Sebastian receives a call from a casting director who attended Mia's play, inviting her to a film audition. Sebastian drives to Boulder City and persuades Mia to attend. The casting directors ask Mia to tell a story; she sings an ode to her aunt who inspired her to pursue acting ("Audition (The Fools Who Dream)"). Sebastian, confident the audition was a success, encourages Mia to devote herself to the opportunity. The two profess they will always love each other but are uncertain of their future.

text: Five years later, Mia is a famous actress and happily married to another man, with whom she has a daughter. One night, the couple stumble upon a jazz bar. Noticing the "Seb's" logo she had once designed, Mia realizes Sebastian has opened his club. When Sebastian notices Mia in the crowd, he plays their love theme on the piano, and the two imagine what might have been had their relationship worked perfectly ("Epilogue"). Before Mia leaves with her husband, she shares a poignant smile with Sebastian.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ryan Gosling as Sebastian Wilder
Emma Stone as Mia Dolan
John Legend as Keith
Rosemarie DeWitt as Laura Wilder
Finn Wittrock as Greg Earnest
Jessica Rothe as Alexis
Sonoya Mizuno as Caitlin
Callie Hernandez as Tracy
J. K. Simmons as Bill
Tom Everett Scott as David
Meagen Fay as Mia's Mom
Damon Gupton as Harry
Jason Fuchs as Carlo
Josh Pence as Josh

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: As a drummer, Damien Chazelle has a predilection for musical films.[7] He wrote the screenplay for La La Land in 2010, when the film industry seemed out of reach for him.[8] His idea was "to take the old musical but ground it in real life where things don't always exactly work out,"[7] and to salute creative people who move to Los Angeles to chase their dreams.[9] He conceived the film when he was a student at Harvard University with his classmate, Justin Hurwitz. The two explored the concept in their senior thesis through a low-budget musical about a Boston jazz musician, Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench.[10][11] Chazelle was moved by the tradition of 1920s city symphony films, such as Manhattan (1921) and Man With a Movie Camera (1929), that paid tribute to cities.[12] After graduating, both moved to Los Angeles in 2010 and continued writing the script, but made a few modifications, such as altering the location to Los Angeles instead of Boston.[10]

text: L.A., even more so than any other American city, obscures, sometimes neglects, its own history. But that can also be its own magical thing, because it's a city that reveals itself bit by bit, like an onion, if you take the time to explore it.[12]

text: Rather than trying to match L.A. to the charms of Paris or San Francisco, he focused on the qualities that make the city distinctive: the traffic, the sprawl, and the skylines.[12] The style and tone of the film were inspired by Jacques Demy's The Umbrellas of Cherbourg and The Young Girls of Rochefort, especially the latter, which was more dance and jazz-oriented.[13] The film also makes visual allusions to Hollywood classics such as Broadway Melody of 1940, Singin' in the Rain, The Band Wagon and An American in Paris.[14] About An American in Paris, Chazelle commented: “That’s a movie that we just pillaged. It’s an awesome example of how daring some of those old musicals really were." [15] It shares some character development and themes with Chazelle's previous musical work, Whiplash; Chazelle said:

text: He said that both films reflect his own experiences as a filmmaker working his way up the Hollywood ladder.[9] La La Land in particular is inspired by his experience of moving from the East Coast with preconceived notions of what L.A. would be like, "that it was all just strip malls and freeways."[12]

text: Chazelle was unable to produce the film for years as no studio was willing to finance an original contemporary musical, with no familiar songs. It was also a jazz musical, which The Hollywood Reporter called an "extinct genre". He believed that since he and Hurwitz were unknown at that time, it might have made financiers dubious about the project's potential.[17][10] Chazelle found producers through friends who introduced him to Fred Berger and Jordan Horowitz. With the two producers on board, the script went to Focus Features at a budget of around $1 million. The studio demanded alterations: the male lead was asked to be changed from a jazz pianist to a rock musician, the complicated opening number had to be altered, and the story's bittersweet ending needed to be dropped. Chazelle scrapped the project and moved on.[10]

text: Chazelle later wrote Whiplash, which was an easier concept to sell and a less risky investment.[18] After Whiplash was well received by critics upon its premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival in January, Chazelle continued his efforts to bring La La Land to the big screen.[10] A year later, when Whiplash earned five Oscar nominations at the 87th Academy Awards including Best Picture, and grossed nearly $50 million worldwide off a $3.3 million production budget, Chazelle and his project began to attract attention from studios.[17]

text: Five years after Chazelle wrote the script,[19] Summit Entertainment and Black Label Media, along with producer Marc Platt, agreed to invest in La La Land and distribute it. They had been impressed by the critical and commercial success of Whiplash.[9] Lionsgate's Patrick Wachsberger, who had previously worked on the Step Up franchise, pushed Chazelle to increase the film's budget since he felt high-quality musicals could not be made cheaply.[20]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Initially, Miles Teller and Emma Watson were both set to star in the leads. Watson dropped out over a commitment to the 2017 musical adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, while Teller departed via long contract negotiations.[8] Conversely, Gosling himself turned down a role as the Beast in Beauty and the Beast in favor of La La Land.[21] Chazelle decided to make his characters somewhat older, with experience in struggling to make their dreams, rather than younger newcomers just arriving in Los Angeles.[10]

text: Emma Stone plays Mia, a struggling actress in Los Angeles.[17] Stone has loved musicals since she saw Les Misérables when she was 8 years old, saying that "bursting into song has always been a real dream of mine", and that her favorite film is the 1931 Charlie Chaplin romantic comedy City Lights.[17][7] She studied pom dancing as a child, with a year of ballet.[17] She moved to Hollywood with her mother at the age of 15 to pursue a career, and struggled constantly to get an audition during her first year. When she did, she was often turned away after singing or saying just one line.[22] Stone drew from her own experiences for her character of Mia, and some were added into the film.[16]

text: She met Chazelle in 2014 while she was making her Broadway debut in Cabaret. Chazelle and Hurwitz saw her perform on a night when the actress had a cold.[17][23] She met with Chazelle at Brooklyn Diner in New York City, where the director outlined his vision for the planned film.[24] Stone gained confidence from performing in Cabaret to handle the demands of the film.[24] In preparation for her role, Stone watched some of the musical movies that inspired Chazelle, including The Umbrellas of Cherbourg and Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers collaborations.[19] Stone accepted the offer because Chazelle was so passionate about the project.[24]

text: Ryan Gosling plays Sebastian, a jazz pianist.[17] Like Stone, Gosling drew from his own experiences as an aspiring artist. One incident was used for Mia. Gosling was performing a crying scene in an audition and the casting director took a phone call during it, talking about her lunch plans while he was emoting.[17][22][25] Chazelle met with Gosling at a bar near the latter's home in Hollywood Hills, when Gosling was about to begin filming for The Big Short.[10]

text: Chazelle cast the two immediately after Summit bought the film.[9] He said the two "feel like the closest thing that we have right now to an old Hollywood couple" as akin to Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, and Myrna Loy and William Powell.[16] The film marked the third collaboration between Gosling and Stone, following Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011) and Gangster Squad (2013).[26] Chazelle asked the two about their audition disasters when they were both trying to make it.[22] Both learned how to sing and dance for the film's six original tunes.[10]

text: The rest of the cast – J. K. Simmons, Sonoya Mizuno, Jessica Rothe, Callie Hernandez, Finn Wittrock, Rosemarie DeWitt, John Legend, Jason Fuchs, Meagen Fay – were announced between July and August 2015.[27][28][29][30][31][32] Legend plays Keith, a long-time friend of Sebastian.[17]

text: The film was choreographed by Mandy Moore. Rehearsals took place at a production office in Atwater Village, Los Angeles over the span of three to four months, beginning in May 2015. Gosling practiced piano in one room, Stone worked with Moore in another, and costume designer Mary Zophres had her own corner of the complex.[17][10] Gosling, with no previous experience, had to learn how to play the piano, as no hand models were used.[33] Moore emphasised working on emotion rather than technique, which Stone said was key when they filmed the Prius car scene.[17] To help his cast and crew get their creative mode flowing, Chazelle held screenings on the soundstages every Friday night of classical films that had inspired him for the film, including The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, Singin' in the Rain, Top Hat, and Boogie Nights.[10]

text: Filming[edit]

text: From the beginning, Chazelle wanted the film's musical numbers to be filmed "head to toe" and performed in a single take, like those of the 1930s works of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.[24] He also wanted the film to emulate the widescreen, CinemaScope look of 1950s musicals such as It's Always Fair Weather. Consequently, the movie was shot on celluloid film (not digitally) with Panavision equipment in a widescreen format, but not true CinemaScope as that technology is no longer available.[34][35][36][37]

text: Chazelle wanted Los Angeles to be the primary setting for his film, commenting that "there is something very poetic about the city I think, about a city that is built by people with these unrealistic dreams and people who kind of just put it all on the line for that."[7] Principal photography on the film officially began in the city on August 10, 2015,[38] and filming took place in more than 60 locations both in and near Los Angeles, including the Angels Flight trolley in downtown, houses in the Hollywood Hills, the Colorado Street Bridge, the Rialto Theatre in South Pasadena, the Warner Bros. studio lot, the Grand Central Market, Hermosa Beach's Lighthouse Cafe, Chateau Marmont Hotel, and the Watts Towers, with many scenes shot in one take. It took 40 days to complete shooting, finishing in mid-September 2015.[10][39][40]

text: The opening pre-credits sequence was the first to be shot,[10] and was filmed on a closed-off portion of two carpool direct connector ramps of the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange, connecting the I-105 Carpool Lane to the I-110 Express Lanes, leading to Downtown Los Angeles. It was filmed in a span of two days, and required over 100 dancers.[9][41] For this particular scene, Chazelle wanted to give a sense of how vast the city is.[12] The scene was originally planned for a stretch of ground-level highway, until Chazelle decided to shoot it in the 105–110 interchange, which arcs 100 feet (30 m) in the air. Production designer David Wasco said, "I thought somebody was going to fall off and get killed." Not every portion of the highway was blocked.[10] Chazelle compared the scene to the yellow brick road leading to the Emerald City in The Wizard of Oz (1939).[10]

text: Chazelle scouted for "old L.A." locations that were in ruins, or were perhaps razed. One such example was the use of the Angels Flight trolley, built in 1901. The funicular had been closed in 2013 after a derailment. Attempts were made to repair and re-open the railway, but to no avail. However, the production team was able to secure permission to use it for a day. Chazelle and his crew then arranged to have it run for shooting (it was re-opened to the public in 2017).[12] Mia works at a coffee shop on the Warner Bros. studio lot; Chazelle considered studio lots to be "monuments" of Hollywood. Production designer Wasco created numerous fake old film posters. Chazelle occasionally created names for them, deciding to use the title of his first feature, Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench (2009) for one poster, which reimagines it as a 1930s musical.[12]

text: The six-minute-long Prius car scene had to be completed during the brief "magic hour" moment at sunset. It took eight takes and two days to shoot it.[17] When Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone finally nailed it, "everybody just exploded," Stone said.[24] Since Gosling and Stone were not primarily dancers, the two made a number of mistakes, especially during long uninterrupted single-take musical numbers. However, Chazelle was very sympathetic towards them, understanding their lack of experience and not minding their errors.[19] While shooting Sebastian and Mia's first dance together, Stone stumbled over the back of a bench, but picked right up and kept on going with the scene.[19]

text: The fight scene during the romantic dinner that Gosling's character Sebastian prepared for Mia (Emma Stone) was one of the scenes that was re-written more than any other. Gosling and Stone also helped create the dialogue of the scene to get it to be one of the more realistic scenes in a film filled with fantasy and fantastical elements.[42]

text: Chazelle spent nearly a year editing the film with editor Tom Cross, as the two were primarily concerned with getting the tone just right.[10]

text: Music[edit]

text: The songs and score for La La Land were composed and orchestrated by Justin Hurwitz, Chazelle's Harvard University classmate, who also worked on his two prior films.[17] The lyrics were written by Pasek and Paul,[24] except for "Start a Fire", which was written by John Legend, Hurwitz, Marius De Vries and Angelique Cinelu.[43]

text: A soundtrack album was released on December 9, 2016, by Interscope Records, featuring selections from Hurwitz's score and songs performed by the cast.[43]

text: Release[edit]

text: La La Land had its world premiere as the Venice Film Festival's opening night film on August 31, 2016.[44][45] The film also screened at the Telluride Film Festival,[46] the Toronto International Film Festival, beginning September 12, 2016,[47] the BFI London Film Festival,[48] the Middleburg Film Festival in late October 2016, the Virginia Film Festival, held at the University of Virginia on November 6, 2016, and the AFI Fest on November 15, 2016.[49]

text: The film was originally set for a July 15, 2016, release;[50] however, in March 2016, it was announced the film would be given a limited release starting December 2, 2016, before expanding on December 16, 2016.[51] Chazelle stated that the change was because he felt that the release date was not right for the context of the film, and because he wanted to have a slow rollout beginning with the early fall film festivals.[16] The film was later pushed back a week to December 9, 2016 with the wide release still being planned for December 16, 2016.[52] Lionsgate opened the film in five locations on December 9, 2016 and expanded it to about 200 theaters on December 16, 2016 before going nationwide on December 25, 2016. The film went fully wide on January 6, 2017,[40] with a release into select IMAX theaters a week later.[53]

text: La La Land was released in the United Kingdom on January 12, 2017.[54] The film was released in the Netherlands on December 22, 2016, and in Australia on December 26, with the rest of the territories planned for a release from mid-January 2017.[55]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Lionsgate released La La Land on Digital HD on April 11, 2017, and Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-Ray and DVD on April 25, 2017.[56]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: La La Land grossed $151.1 million in the United States and Canada and $294.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $445.7 million, against a production budget of $30 million.[6] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $68.25 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it one of the top 20 most profitable releases of 2016.[57]

text: La La Land began its theatrical release with a limited release in five theaters in Los Angeles and New York City on December 9. It made $881,107 in its opening weekend, giving the film a per-theater average of $176,221, the best average of the year.[58][59][60] In its second week of limited release, the film expanded to 200 theaters and grossed $4.1 million, finishing 7th at the box office. It was an increase of 366% from the previous week and good for a per-theater of $20,510.[61] The following week, the film had its wide expansion to 734 theaters, grossing $5.8 million for the weekend (including $4 million on Christmas Day and $9.2 million over the four days), and finishing 8th at the box office.[62] On January 6, 2017, the weekend of the Golden Globes, the film expanded to 1,515 theaters and grossed $10 million over the weekend, finishing 5th at the box office.[63] In its 6th week of release, the film grossed $14.5 million (a total of $16.9 million over the four-day MLK weekend), finishing 2nd at the box office behind Hidden Figures.[64] After receiving its 14 Oscar nominations, the film expanded to 3,136 theaters on January 27, 2017 (an increase of 1,271 from the week before) and grossed $12.1 million (up 43% from its previous week's $8.4 million).[65] During the weekend of February 24–26 (the weekend of the Academy Awards) the film grossed $4.6 million, exactly the same amount it grossed the previous weekend.[66] The next week, following its six Oscar wins, the film grossed $3 million.[67]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: La La Land was met with critical acclaim upon its release, with critics praising its screenplay, direction, performances, chemistry of Gosling and Stone, musical score and musical numbers.[68][69][70][71] The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 92% based on 373 reviews, with an average rating of 8.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "La La Land breathes new life into a bygone genre with thrillingly assured direction, powerful performances, and an irresistible excess of heart."[72] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating based on reviews, the film has a score of 93 out of 100, based on 53 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[73] It was the third- and sixth-highest scoring film released in 2016 on each respective site.[74][75] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[76]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave La La Land four stars out of four, describing it as "a hot miracle" and complimenting its musical numbers, particularly the opening scene. He went on to name it his favorite movie of the year.[77] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune similarly lauded the opening sequence, in addition to highlighting Stone's performance, stating "she's reason enough to see La La Land." Despite being less enthusiastic about Gosling's dancing and the film's middle section, Phillips nevertheless gave the film four out of four stars, declaring it "the year's most seriously pleasurable entertainment".[78]

text: A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film, stating that it "succeeds both as a fizzy fantasy and a hard-headed fable, a romantic comedy and a showbiz melodrama, a work of sublime artifice and touching authenticity".[79] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian awarded the film five out of five stars, describing it as "a sun-drenched musical masterpiece."[80] Tom Charity of Sight & Sound stated, "Chazelle has crafted that rare thing, a genuinely romantic comedy, and as well, a rhapsody in blue, red, yellow and green."[81] Diana Dabrowska of Cinema Scope wrote, "La La Land may look like the world that we dream about, but it also understands the cruelty that can come out of (or undermine) those dreams; it's shot in CinemaScope, and yet it's still an intimate masterpiece."[82]

text: Writing for The Boston Globe in December 2016, Ty Burr summarized the effectiveness of the film to relate to audiences stating: "...the movie traffics in the bittersweet happiness of treasuring things that are vanishing, like the unrealized future imagined in the climatic dance number, or those inky, star-filled dance floors that go on forever in old movies, or Hollywood musicals themselves. Or jazz: Sebastian has an early moment at a nightclub where he passionately sticks up for the music he loves. “It's dying on the vine,” he says. “And the world says ‘Let it die. It had its time.’ Well, not on my watch.” In that scene, he speaks for the director. By the end of “La La Land,” he’s speaking for all of us."[83]

text: The film has been criticized for its treatment of race and jazz. Kelly Lawler of USA Today noted that Gosling's character has been referred to as a "white savior" by some critics, due to "his quest (and eventual success) to save the traditionally black musical genre from extinction, seemingly the only person who can accomplish such a goal."[84] The sentiment was also expressed by Ruby Lott-Lavigna of Wired,[85] Anna Silman of New York[86] and Ira Madison III of MTV News.[87] Rex Reed of the New York Observer also takes aim at the film's intention to emulate the MGM musical classics, noting that "the old-fashioned screenplay, by the ambitious writer-director Damien Chazelle, reeks of mothballs", and that "the movie sags badly in the middle, like a worn-out mattress that needs new springs".[88] The South China Morning Post said that the film is a little dull, that the two leads' singing and dancing aren't exceptional, and that Sebastian is a jazz snob and Mia's character lacks depth.[89]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: At the 89th Academy Awards, La La Land received a leading six awards, including Best Director, Best Actress (for Stone), Best Cinematography, Best Original Score, Best Original Song ("City of Stars") and Best Production Design.[90] The film received a total of 14 nominations, tying records for most nominations by a single film with All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997). Its other nominations included Best Picture, Best Actor (for Gosling), Best Original Screenplay, Best Film Editing, Best Costume Design, a second nomination for Best Original Song ("Audition"), Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing.[91] During the ceremony, Faye Dunaway announced that La La Land had won Best Picture, reading it from the incorrect card Warren Beatty held, which was actually for the Best Actress award that Stone had just won. It took the show's crew more than two minutes and nearly three whole speeches to rectify the mistake; the actual winner was Moonlight.[92][93]

text: At the 74th Golden Globe Awards, La La Land received a leading seven nominations.[94] The film won in all seven categories for which it was nominated, setting a historic record for the most Golden Globes won by a single film, namely Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Director, Best Actor – Comedy or Musical for Gosling, Best Actress – Comedy or Musical for Stone, Best Screenplay, Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("City of Stars").[95]

text: La La Land received eleven nominations at the 70th British Academy Film Awards, more than any other film of 2016.[96] The film won in the categories of Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress in a Leading Role for Stone, Best Cinematography and Best Film Music.[97]