document_title: Stanley Cup playoffs

question_text: is the first round of nhl playoffs best of 5 or best of 7

text: Stanley Cup playoffs

text: Current format[edit]

text: The Stanley Cup playoffs consists of four rounds of best-of-seven series. Each series is played in a 2–2–1–1–1 format, meaning the team with home-ice advantage hosts games one, two, five, and seven, while their opponent hosts games three, four, and six. Games five, six, and seven are only played if needed.

text: Eight teams in each conference qualify for the playoffs. In the playoff series format instituted in 2014, the first, second, and third place team in each of the four divisions qualify for the playoffs automatically. Two additional teams from each conference, regardless of divisional alignment, also qualify for the playoffs by having the highest point totals out of the remaining teams in the conference. These teams are referred to as the Wild Cards. Since there is no attention paid to divisional alignment with the wild cards, it is possible for one division in each conference to have five teams in the postseason while the other has just three.

text: In the First Round,[1] the teams are split into two separate brackets by division. Each bracket consists of the top three divisional qualifiers and one of the wild cards. The lower seeded wild card plays against the division winner with the best record while the other wild card plays against the other division winner, and both wild cards are de facto #4 seeds. The other two series match the second and third place teams from the divisions.

text: The winners of both First Round series advance to the Second Round.[1] The reseeding in the previous format, which ensured the top seed would play the lowest remaining seed, was discarded. The winners of these series advance to the Conference Finals and the two Conference Final winners move on to the Stanley Cup Finals.[1]

text: In the first two rounds, the higher-seeded team has home-ice advantage (regardless of point record). Thereafter, it goes to the team with the better regular season record (regardless of seeding); in the case of a tie, the league's standard tiebreaking procedure is applied. The team with home-ice advantage hosts games one, two, five, and seven, while the opponent hosts games three, four, and six (games five through seven are played if necessary).

text: Any ties in the standings at the end of the regular season are broken using the following protocols:

text:
The greater number of games won. Starting in the 2010–11 NHL season, shootout wins are not included in the tie-breaking procedure.
The greater number of points earned in games between the tied clubs.
If two clubs are tied, and have not played an equal number of home games against each other, the points earned in the first game played in the city that had the extra game are not included.
If more than two clubs are tied, the higher percentage of available points earned in games among those clubs, and not including any "odd" games, are used to determine the standing.
The greater differential between goals for and against during the entire regular season.
If two clubs are still tied on non-shootout wins, points earned between the tied clubs and regular season goal differential, a one-game playoff is played under Stanley Cup playoff rules.[2]

tag: ol

text: History[edit]

text: The National Hockey League has always used a playoff tournament to determine its champion, generally opening up its playoff games to a much larger number of teams, including those with a losing regular season record in some years (the most recent being the seventh and eighth seeded San Jose Sharks and Edmonton Oilers, respectively, in 1999).

text: From the NHL's inception until 1920, both NHL and Pacific Coast Hockey Association teams were eligible for the Stanley Cup. The NHL's regular season was divided into two halves, with the top team from each half moving on to the league finals, which was a two-game total goals series in 1918 and a best-of-seven series in 1919. In 1920, the Ottawa Senators were automatically declared the league champion when the team had won both halves of the regular season. The two halves format was abandoned the next year, and the top two teams faced off for the NHL championship in a two-game total goals series.

text: At the time, the NHL champion would later face the winners of the PCHA and, from 1921, the Western Canada Hockey League in further rounds in order to determine the Stanley Cup champion. During this time, as the rules of the NHL and those of the western leagues differ (the main difference being that NHL rules allowed five skaters while the western leagues allowed six), the rules for each game in the Stanley Cup Finals alternated between those of the NHL and the western leagues. Before the WCHL competed for the Stanley Cup, the Cup championship series a best-of-five series. Following the involvement of the WCHL, one league champion was given a bye straight to the finals (a best-of-three affair starting in 1922), while the other two competed in a best-of-three semifinal. As travel expenses were high during these times, it was often the case that the NHL champions were sent west to compete. In a dispute between the leagues in 1923 about whether to send one or both western league champions east, the winner of the PCHA/WCHL series would proceed to the Stanley Cup Finals, while the loser of the series would face the NHL champion, both series being best-of-three.

text: In 1924 the NHL playoffs expanded from two to three teams (with the top team getting a bye to the two-game total goal NHL finals), but because the first-place Hamilton Tigers refused to play under this format, the second and third place teams played for the NHL championship in a two-game total goals affair. The Stanley Cup Finals returned to a best-of-five format the same year.[3]

text: NHL takes control of Stanley Cup[edit]

text: With the merger of the PCHA and WCHL in 1925 and the merged league's collapse in 1926, the NHL took de facto control of the Stanley Cup.  While the Cup would not be formally deeded to the league until 1947, from 1926 onward the NHL playoffs and the Stanley Cup playoffs are considered synonymous. The NHL was subsequently divided into the Canadian and American divisions for the 1927–28 season. For 1927, six teams qualified for the playoffs, three from each division, with the division semifinals and finals being a two-game total goals affair, and the Stanley Cup Finals becoming a best-of-five series. In 1928, the playoff format was changed so that the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the division winners played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The first place series was a best-of-five affair, with the winner proceeding to the best-of-three Stanley Cup Finals, while the others were a two-game total goals series. The winner of the second and third place series played each other in a best-of-three series, with the winner earning the other berth to the Stanley Cup Finals. This format had a slight modification the following year, where the semifinal series became a two-game total goals affair and the Stanley Cup Finals became a best-of-five series. The two-game total goals format was abolished in 1937, with those series being changed to best-of-three affairs.[4]

text: Original Six era[edit]

text: The 1930s saw the reduction of teams from ten to seven, and with it an end to the Canadian and American divisions. The Stanley Cup playoffs saw the first- and second-place teams play against each other in a best-of-seven series for one berth in the Stanley Cup Finals, while the third- to sixth-place teams battled in a series of best-of-three matches for the other berth (with the third-place team taking on the fourth-place team, and the fifth-place team against the sixth-place team). In 1939, the Stanley Cup Finals became a best-of-seven series, the format still used today.[4]

text: The 1942–43 season saw the removal of the New York Americans, leaving six remaining teams (known today as the "Original Six"). From 1943 to 1967, all playoff matchups were best-of-seven affairs. The first and third-place teams played in one semifinal, while the second and fourth-place teams played in the other semifinal, with the semifinal winners advancing to the Stanley Cup Finals. During this time, Detroit Red Wings fans often threw an octopus onto the ice as a good luck charm, as eight wins were required to win the Stanley Cup.[4]

text: Expansion era[edit]

text: The 1967 expansion saw the number of teams double from six to 12 in the 1967–68 season, and with it the creation of the Western and Eastern divisions. The playoff format remained largely the same, with all series remaining best-of-seven, and the division champions battling for the Stanley Cup. The 1970–71 season, because of fan demand, brought forth the first inter-conference playoff matchup outside of the Stanley Cup Finals since the pre-war expansion, which had the winner of the second-place versus fourth-place matchup in one conference take on the winner of the first- versus third-place matchup in the other conference for a berth in the Stanley Cup Finals. The following year had one minor change to its playoff format: a stronger team would face a weaker opponent. Thus, instead of a first-place versus third-place and a second versus fourth-place matchup in the first round, the first round had the first-place versus the fourth and the second versus the third-place. This practice of having stronger teams facing weaker opposition has continued to the present day.[4]

text: The 1974–75 season saw another change to the playoff system to accommodate a league that had expanded to 18 teams in two conferences and four divisions. Under this system, 12 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top team from each division would earn a bye to the quarterfinal, while the second- and third-place teams from each division started their playoff run from a best-of-three preliminary round. In each round of the playoffs, the teams remaining were seeded regardless of divisional or conference alignment, with the preliminary-round series being a best-of-three affair while the remainder of the series remained best-of-seven. The 1977–78 season had one minor change in its playoff format: although the second-place finishers from each division would qualify for the preliminary round, the four playoff spots reserved for the third-place teams were replaced by four wild-card spots—spots for the four teams with the highest regular-season point total that did not finish first or second in their divisions.[4]

text: NHL-WHA merger[edit]

text: With the absorption of four teams from the World Hockey Association in the 1979–1980 season, a new playoff system was introduced where 16 of the league's 21 teams would qualify for postseason play. The four division winners would qualify for the playoffs while twelve wildcard positions rounded out the sixteen teams. At the beginning of each round the teams were seeded based on their regular season point totals, with the preliminary round being a best-of-five series while all other playoff series were best-of-seven.[4]

text: Divisional playoffs[edit]

text: The 1981–1982 season brought forth the return of divisional matchups, with the top four teams from each division qualifying for the playoffs. Division champions would be determined, followed by the Conference champions, who would meet in the Stanley Cup Finals. The division semifinals was a best-of-five affair until the 1986–87 season, when it became a best-of-seven series, while all other series remained best-of seven.[4]

text: Conference playoffs[edit]

text: For the 1993–94 season, the league revamped its playoff structure to become conference-based rather than division-based. Eight teams in each conference qualified for the playoffs. The division first-place teams were seeded first (the team with the best record in the conference) and second in the conference playoffs and received home ice advantage for the first two rounds. The next six best teams in each conference also qualified and were seeded third through eighth. All teams played in the first round: first-place versus eighth, second versus seventh, third versus sixth and fourth versus fifth. All series were best-of-seven, but the arrangement of home games was changed for Central and Pacific division teams. Instead of the normal 2–2–1–1–1 rotation, a series involving teams from both divisions was 2–3–2, with the higher seeded team having the option of starting play at home or on the road (ALL teams with home-ice advantage chose to play the default 2-2-1-1-1 format, from 1995-1998). After each round, surviving teams were reseeded to play a conference semi-final, then a conference final. The conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals. Home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals.[4]

text: In 1998–99, the league was re-organized into two conferences of three divisions apiece, resulting in the playoff format used through 2013.  The qualifiers remained sixteen, but the seeding changed. The three first-place teams in each division qualified and were seeded first through third for the playoffs. Of the other teams in each conference, the top five finishers qualified for the fourth through eighth seedings.  All teams played in the first round: first-place versus eighth, second versus seventh, third versus sixth and fourth versus fifth, by those criteria. After each round, surviving teams were reseeded to play a conference semi-final, then a conference final. Like the 1994–1998 system, the conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals, and home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals.[4]

text: Return to divisional playoffs[edit]

text: The NHL realigned into a four-division, two-conference system for the 2013–14 season. Under the new postseason system, the top three teams in each division make the playoffs, with two wild-cards in each conference (for a total of eight playoff teams from each conference). The format is division-based, similar to the 1981–82 system. In the First Round, the top-ranked team in the conference plays against the lowest-ranked wild-card, while the other division winner plays against the higher ranked wild-card. The second and third place teams in each division then play each other. The first round winners then meet in the Second Round. The third round will still consist of the Western Conference and Eastern Conference Finals, with those conference winners advancing to the Stanley Cup Finals.[5]

text: Traditions and trends[edit]

text: Compared to other major professional sports leagues, playoff upsets are relatively common in the NHL.[6] According to NHL broadcaster Darren Eliot, this is because the style of competition in the playoffs is different from the regular season: instead of playing different teams every night, the goal is to advance through four best-of-seven playoff series.[7] The Presidents' Trophy winner may have to go through other playoff clubs who might have a hotter goaltender, a better defensive team, or other players that pose matchup problems. If the regular season champion's primary success was only outscoring others, they may be out of luck facing goaltenders that can shut them out.[7] And although rare, another aspect is that the NHL leads the other leagues in game seven comebacks. Only four instances has an NHL team been able to come back from being down 0–3 to win a seven-game series: the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs, the 1975 New York Islanders, the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers, and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings. There has been only one such "reverse sweep" comeback in the MLB postseason (the 2004 Boston Red Sox) and none in the NBA playoffs.

text:
It is the reality of the sport. If your particular strength happens to be that you're really good offensively, and you come up against a hot goaltender and a team that is stout defensively, it might not matter that you were good on a nightly basis scoring goals. And that one particular opponent: you'll have to beat them four times.
“
”
NHL broadcaster Darren Eliot explaining the lack of success of Presidents' Trophy winners winning the Stanley Cup.[7]

tag: div

text: Despite having more American-based teams than Canadian-based ones throughout much of the NHL's existence (dating back to the Original Six era when it was two Canadian clubs to four American ones, and now 7 to 24 since 2017), there have been only two times in league history where none of the Canadian teams qualified for the postseason: 1970 and 2016.[8] However, the 1993 Montreal Canadiens remain the last Canadian club to go all the way and win the Stanley Cup.[9]

text: The Stanley Cup playoffs MVP award, the Conn Smythe Trophy is based on the entire NHL postseason instead of just the championship game or series, unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), although in its history the trophy has never been given to someone that was not in the finals. Doug Gilmour and Peter Forsberg, in 1986 and 1999, respectively, are the only players who have topped the postseason in scoring without making it to the Finals.

text: NHL players have often grown beards when their team is in the playoffs, where they do not shave until their team is eliminated or wins the Stanley Cup. The tradition was started in the 1980s by the New York Islanders, and is often mirrored by the fans, as well.[10][11]

text: At the conclusion of a playoff series, players and coaches line up and exchange handshakes with their counterparts on the opposing team, and this has been described by commentators as "one of the great traditions in sports".[12] However, there have been rare occasions that individual players have refused to participate, such as Gerry Cheevers who left the ice without shaking hands with any of the Flyers in 1978,[13] and Billy Smith who avoided handshakes as he was particularly passionate about losses.[14] More recent examples of players refusing the handshake include the 1996 playoffs when several Detroit Red Wings players protested the dirty hit by the Colorado Avalanche's Claude Lemieux,[15] and in the 2008 playoffs when Martin Brodeur refused to shake Sean Avery's hand after Avery screened him in an earlier game.[14]

text: It is common among players to never touch or hoist the Prince of Wales Trophy (Eastern Conference champion) or Clarence S. Campbell Bowl (Western Conference champion) after they have won the conference finals; the players feel that the Stanley Cup is the true championship trophy and thus it should be the only trophy that they should be hoisting. There have been six recent exceptions to this – Scott Stevens of the Devils in 2000 and 2003; Sidney Crosby of the Penguins in 2009, 2016, and 2017; and Alex Ovechkin of the Capitals in 2018. In five of these occurrences, their teams went on to win the Stanley Cup. In recent years, the captain of the winning team poses (usually looking solemn) with the conference trophy, and sometimes, the entire team poses as well.[16]

text: There are many traditions and anecdotes associated with the championship trophy, the Stanley Cup.

text: Because the Ice Hockey World Championships are held in the same time period as the Stanley Cup playoffs, the only NHL players who can participate in the former are those on NHL teams that have been eliminated from Stanley Cup contention.[17] This policy has been in place since a 1977 agreement between the NHL and the International Ice Hockey Federation, which allowed Team Canada to field a team in the World Championships after an-eight year absence.[18][19]

text: Postseason appearances[edit]

text: Correct as of 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs

text: Appearances by active teams[edit]

text:
Team

Appearances[20]

Montreal Canadiens

86 [A]

Boston Bruins

71

Toronto Maple Leafs

67

Detroit Red Wings

64

Chicago Blackhawks

62

New York Rangers

59

St. Louis Blues

41

Philadelphia Flyers

39

Pittsburgh Penguins

33

Dallas Stars

31 [B]

Buffalo Sabres

29

Los Angeles Kings

30

Calgary Flames

28 [C]

Vancouver Canucks

27

Washington Capitals

28

New York Islanders

24

Colorado Avalanche

23 [D][E]

New Jersey Devils

23 [F]

Edmonton Oilers

21 [D]

Arizona Coyotes

19 [D][G]

San Jose Sharks

19

Ottawa Senators

16 [H]

Carolina Hurricanes

13 [D][I]

Anaheim Ducks

14

Nashville Predators

11

Tampa Bay Lightning

10

Minnesota Wild

9

Florida Panthers

5

Columbus Blue Jackets

4

Winnipeg Jets

3 [J]

Vegas Golden Knights

1

text:
Jump up ^ Includes postseason appearances in the National Hockey Association prior to the formation of the NHL in 1917. The NHA, the predecessor league of the NHL, also competed for the Stanley Cup.

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Minnesota North Stars (1967–68 through to 1992–93).

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Atlanta Flames (1972–73 through to 1979–80).

^ Jump up to: a b c d Does not include appearances in the World Hockey Association/Avco Trophy playoffs. Per the conditions of the NHL–WHA merger, the NHL does not officially recognize the WHA history, playoffs and records. Furthermore, during its existence, no WHA champion competed for the Stanley Cup.

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Quebec Nordiques (1979–80 through to 1994–95).

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Colorado Rockies (1976–77 through to 1981–82).

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for the original Winnipeg Jets (1979–80 through to 1995–96).

Jump up ^ The modern Ottawa Senators (1992–present) are the namesake of the original Senators (1883–1934). The NHL officially treats them as two separate franchises.

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Hartford Whalers (1979–80 through to 1996–97).

Jump up ^ Includes appearances for Atlanta Thrashers (1999–2000 through to 2010–11).

text: NHL Playoff Results[21][edit]

text: It has been suggested that this section be split out  into another article titled NHL playoff results. (Discuss) (May 2018)

text: Prior to 1927 the NHL playoff champion did not receive the Stanley Cup. In most years the winning team was awarded the O'Brien Trophy but from 1915 through 1926 the NHA/NHL champion would play the PCHA/WHL champion for the Stanley Cup.[22] The results outlined here are only those between NHL teams and do not include any Stanley Cup Finals series before 1927. For the first four years the NHL playoffs entailed the best team from the first half of the season playing a two games against the best team from the second half. The winner was the team that scored the most combined goals. There were no NHL playoffs in 1920 because Ottawa had the best record in both halves and was declared the NHL champion. Starting in 1921 the NHL scrapped the half-season scheme and had the teams with the top two records play for the league title. In 1926 the league introduced a two-game semifinal series for the second- and third-best teams to play for entry into the final against the regular season champion. The following year, with 10 teams in the league, the NHL expanded the playoffs to include six teams. The winners of the Canadian and American divisions would earn byes into the semifinal round while the remaining four would start in the quarterfinals.

text:
NHL Champion

Runner-Up

Semifinals

Quarterfinals

Out of Playoffs

Not in NHL

text: Numbers in table represent each team's appearance in the playoffs

text:
Team

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

Montreal Canadiens

1

2

3

4

5

6

Toronto Arenas[A]

1

Toronto St. Patricks[A]

2

3

4

Ottawa Senators

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Montreal Wanderers

Quebec Bulldogs[B]

Hamilton Tigers[B][C]

Boston Bruins

1

Montreal Maroons

1

2

New York Americans

Pittsburgh Pirates

1

Chicago Black Hawks

1

Detroit Cougars

New York Rangers

1

text:
^ Jump up to: a b The Toronto team began as the 'Arena Athletic Club' before settling on Arenas then changed their name to the St. Patricks and eventually became the Toronto Maple Leafs.

^ Jump up to: a b The Quebec Athletic Club moved to Hamilton after one season in the NHL.

Jump up ^ After the NHL dropped Hamilton as a franchise the expansion New York Americans signed all of Hamilton's players but the two teams are considered distinct.[23]

text: The playoff format was altered slightly in 1929, having the two division winners play one another in the semifinal rather than the winners of the quarterfinal round. Because the NHL took charge of the NHL finals became a best-of series as the Stanley cup championship had been since 1914. A year later the Semifinal round became a best-of series with the division winners playing a five game set and the quarterfinal winners facing off in a best-of-three meeting. In 1931 the meeting between quarterfinal winners reverted to a two-game total-goal series and didn't change back for five years. The next year all series became best-of's and two years after, in 1939, the league ended the divisional format when the Montreal Maroons suspended operations, leaving the league with only 7 teams. Instead, the top two finishers played one another in a best-of-seven semifinal round while the other four playoff teams played best-of-three series to decide the second finalist. The same year the Stanley Cup finals shifted to a best-of-seven series where it has remained ever since (as of 2018).

text:
Team

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

Montreal Canadiens

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Toronto Maple Leafs

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Ottawa Senators[A]

9

10

St. Louis Eagles[A]

Boston Bruins

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Montreal Maroons

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

New York Americans

1

2

3

4

5

Pittsburgh Pirates[B]

2

Philadelphia Quakers[B]

Chicago Black Hawks

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Detroit Cougars[C]

1

Detroit Falcons[C]

2

Detroit Red Wings[C]

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

New York Rangers

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

text:
^ Jump up to: a b The Senators suspended operations for one season in 1931 and returned the following year. In 1934 the team moved to St. Louis and played for 1 season before disbanding

^ Jump up to: a b The Pirates moved to Philadelphia and became the Quakers, playing for 1 season before suspending operations

^ Jump up to: a b c The Detroit team began as the Cougars before changing their name to the Falcons in 1930. After declaring bankruptcy and being bought by James E. Norris they were rechristened as the 'Red Wings'

text: With only six teams in the league the quarterfinal round was ended and the top four finishers made the playoffs. All playoff series became best-of-sevens with the #1 and #3 teams playing in one semifinal while the #2 and #4 seeds met in the other. This arrangement remained unchanged the entire 25-year duration of the 'Original Six' era.

text:
NHL Champion

Runner-Up

Semifinals

Out of Playoffs

text:
Team

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

Montreal Canadiens

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Toronto Maple Leafs

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Boston Bruins

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Chicago Black Hawks

12

13

14

Detroit Red Wings

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

New York Rangers

16

17

text:
Team

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

Montreal Canadiens

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

Toronto Maple Leafs

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

Boston Bruins

26

27

28

Chicago Black Hawks

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

Detroit Red Wings

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

New York Rangers

18

19

20

21

22

text: When the league doubled its size in 1967 they also doubled the number of playoff teams, reintroducing the quarterfinals but keeping the 1-vs-3 style that existed for the previous quarter-century and keeping all series as best-of-sevens. In 1971 the league altered the semifinals to pit east teams against west teams and followed that by rearranging the first round to have the top seeds play the bottom seeds in intra-conference series. Once they league's size swelled to 18 teams an additional four teams received bids into the postseason. Starting in 1975 the division winners received byes into the second round while the remaining eight teams started in a best-of-three preliminary round with the top seed facing the lowest seed. After the opening round all teams were reseeded for the quarterfinals and semifinals regardless of their division or conference.

text:
NHL Champion

Runner-Up

Semifinals

Quarterfinals

Preliminary Round

Out of Playoffs

Not in NHL

text:
Team

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

Montreal Canadiens

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Toronto Maple Leafs

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

Boston Bruins

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Chicago Black Hawks

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Detroit Red Wings

33

34

New York Rangers

23

24

25

26

26

27

28

29

30

31

Los Angeles Kings

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Minnesota North Stars

1

2

3

4

5

6

Oakland Seals[A]

1

2

California Golden Seals[B]

Cleveland Barons[C]

Philadelphia Flyers

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Pittsburgh Penguins

1

2

3

4

5

6

St. Louis Blues

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Buffalo Sabres

1

2

3

4

5

6

Vancouver Canucks

1

2

3

Atlanta Flames

1

2

3

4

5

New York Islanders

1

2

3

4

5

Kansas City Scouts[D]

Colorado Rockies

1

Washington Capitals

text:
Jump up ^ The team started the 1967 season as the 'California Seals' but changed their name to 'Oakland' in November

Jump up ^ Charles O. Finley bought Oakland in 1970 and promptly changed both the team name and their colors but kept the franchise in the same city

Jump up ^ After years of financial struggle the Seals moved to Cleveland and became the Barons, reviving the name of the once-successful AHL team. The NHL's Barons only lasted two seasons before merging with the Minnesota North Stars

Jump up ^ Despite being a new franchise and one of the only professional teams in the area the Scouts could only last two seasons in Kansas City before relocating to Denver

text: When the WHA folded in 1979 four teams were absorbed into the NHL. With 21 teams the NHL expanded the playoffs once more to include 16 with all teams starting in the preliminary round which was increased to a best-of-five series. Teams were seeded regardless of their conference or division 1 through 16 and reseeded after the first two rounds. Starting in 1982 the NHL split the playoffs into eastern- and western-conference with each conference providing 8 teams where it has remained since (as of 2018). Furthermore the NHL had the first two round being played within each division, granting the four regions one entry each into the conference finals. The divisional semifinals were expanded to seven-game-series in 1987.

text:
Team

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Montreal Canadiens

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

Toronto Maple Leafs

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

Boston Bruins

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

Chicago Blackhawks

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Detroit Red Wings

35

36

37

38

39

40

New York Rangers

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

Los Angeles Kings

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Minnesota North Stars

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Philadelphia Flyers

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Pittsburgh Penguins

7

8

9

10

11

St. Louis Blues

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Buffalo Sabres

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Vancouver Canucks

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Atlanta Flames[A]

6

Calgary Flames

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

New York Islanders

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Colorado Rockies[B]

New Jersey Devils

2

3

4

Washington Capitals

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Edmonton Oilers

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Hartford Whalers

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Quebec Nordiques

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Winnipeg Jets

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

text:
Jump up ^ The Flames moved to Calgary in 1980 after years of flagging attendance

Jump up ^ Arthur Imperatore Sr. bought the Rockies in 1978 with the intent of moving them to New Jersey but those plans were shelved due to the lack of a suitable arena. Colorado would eventually relocate to the Garden State with John McMullen as the owner

text: The NHL added nine franchises from 1991 to 2000 while an additional four moving to new cities (three of those teams were WHA alumni) Despite the increase in league size the NHL playoffs remained static at 16 teams. The league did, however, change the format by dropping the divisional rounds in 1994 with the division winners receiving the top two seeds and the rest being sorted according to their records.

text:
Team

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Montreal Canadiens

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

Toronto Maple Leafs

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

Boston Bruins

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

Chicago Blackhawks

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Detroit Red Wings

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

New York Rangers

43

44

45

46

47

Los Angeles Kings

18

19

20

21

22

23

Minnesota North Stars[A]

17

Dallas Stars

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Philadelphia Flyers

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Pittsburgh Penguins

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

St. Louis Blues

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Buffalo Sabres

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Vancouver Canucks

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Calgary Flames

18

19

20

21

22

New York Islanders

16

17

18

19

20

New Jersey Devils

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Washington Capitals

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Edmonton Oilers

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Hartford Whalers[B]

8

Carolina Hurricanes

9

10

11

Quebec Nordiques[B]

8

9

Colorado Avalanche

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Winnipeg Jets[B]

9

10

11

Phoenix Coyotes

12

13

14

15

16

San Jose Sharks

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Ottawa Senators

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Tampa Bay Lightning

1

2

3

Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

1

2

3

Florida Panthers

1

2

3

Nashville Predators

1

Atlanta Thrashers

Columbus Blue Jackets

Minnesota Wild

1

text:
Jump up ^ Minnesota telegraphed their move when they began wearing new uniforms without a reference to the 'north' part of their nickname in 1992-93

^ Jump up to: a b c In consecutive years three of the four former WHA teams moved to new locales. Of those three Colorado, the franchise with the most success, has not threatened another relocation in the succeeding years (as of 2018)

text: After the NHL lockout in 2004-05 that saw the cancellation of the first Stanley Cup final in 86 years The league went through another stable period where no new franchises were added. The playoffs as well were mostly consistent throughout the period. Only one change occurred; beginning with the 2014 playoffs the league returned to 4 divisions with the top three teams in each division making the playoffs and the two teams in each conference with the best record receiving 'wild card' spots. The better wild card team would play the lesser division champion for each conference and vice versa.

text:
NHL Champion

Runner-Up

Semifinals

Quarterfinals

First Round

Out of Playoffs

Not in NHL

text:
Team

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Montreal Canadiens

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

Toronto Maple Leafs

65

66

Boston Bruins

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

Chicago Blackhawks

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

Detroit Red Wings

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

New York Rangers

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

Los Angeles Kings

24

25

26

27

28

29

Dallas Stars

27

28

29

30

31

Philadelphia Flyers

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

Pittsburgh Penguins

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

St. Louis Blues

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

Buffalo Sabres

26

27

28

29

Vancouver Canucks

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Calgary Flames

23

24

25

26

27

28

New York Islanders

21

22

23

24

New Jersey Devils

17

18

19

20

21

22

Washington Capitals

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Edmonton Oilers

20

21

Carolina Hurricanes

12

13

Colorado Avalanche

16

17

18

19

Arizona Coyotes

17

18

19

San Jose Sharks

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Ottawa Senators

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tampa Bay Lightning

4

5

6

7

8

9

Anaheim Ducks

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Florida Panthers

4

5

Nashville Predators

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Atlanta Thrashers

1

Winnipeg Jets

2

Columbus Blue Jackets

1

2

3

Minnesota Wild

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

text: The NHL added Vegas as the first expansion team in 17 years for the 2017-18 season. Though no adjustment occurred as far as the playoffs were concerned, the league also approved an ownership group to make a bid for a 32nd team to be located in Seattle. If approved, the team would not begin play until the 2021-22 season.

text:
Team

2018

Montreal Canadiens

Toronto Maple Leafs

67

Boston Bruins

72

Chicago Blackhawks

Detroit Red Wings

New York Rangers

Los Angeles Kings

30

Dallas Stars

Philadelphia Flyers

39

Pittsburgh Penguins

33

St. Louis Blues

Buffalo Sabres

Vancouver Canucks

Calgary Flames

New York Islanders

New Jersey Devils

23

Washington Capitals

28

Edmonton Oilers

Carolina Hurricanes

Colorado Avalanche

20

Arizona Coyotes

San Jose Sharks

20

Ottawa Senators

Tampa Bay Lightning

10

Anaheim Ducks

14

Florida Panthers

Nashville Predators

11

Winnipeg Jets

3

Columbus Blue Jackets

4

Minnesota Wild

9

Vegas Golden Knights

1


document_title: The Five Love Languages

question_text: what is the book the five love languages about

root

text: The Five Love Languages

text:
The Five Love Languages

Author
Gary Chapman

Original title
The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate

Country
United States

Language
English

Subject
Intimate relationships

Publisher
Northfield Publishing

Publication date

1995

ISBN
9781415857311

tag: table

text: The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate is a 1995 book by Gary Chapman.[1] It outlines five ways to express and experience love that Chapman calls "love languages": receiving gifts, quality time, words of affirmation, acts of service (devotion), and physical touch.[2] Examples are given from his counseling practice, as well as questions to help determine one's own love languages.

tag: p

text: Chapman's book claims that the list of five love languages is exhaustive.[3][4] According to this theory, each person has one primary and one secondary love language.

text: Chapman suggests that to discover another person's love language, one must observe the way they express love to others, and analyze what they complain about most often and what they request from their significant other most often. He theorizes that people tend to naturally give love in the way that they prefer to receive love, and better communication between couples can be accomplished when one can demonstrate caring to the other person in the love language the recipient understands. An example would be if a husband's love language is acts of service, he may be confused when he does the laundry for his wife and she doesn't perceive that as an act of love, viewing it as simply performing household duties, because the love language she comprehends is words of affirmation (verbal affirmation that he loves her). She may try to use what she values, words of affirmation, to express her love to him, which he would not value as much as she does. If she understands his love language and mows the lawn for him, he perceives it in his love language as an act of expressing her love for him; likewise, if he tells her he loves her, she values that as an act of love.

text: There has been a lack of research to test the validity of Chapman's model and whether it can be generalized. Egbert (2006) suggests that the Five Love Languages might have some degree of psychometric validity despite its abstract nature.[5]

text: The book has been on the New York Times Best Seller list since August 2009.[6] A new, revised edition of The Five Love Languages was released on January 1, 2015.

text: Related works[edit]

text: Since 1995, Chapman has written several books related to The Five Love Languages, including The Five Love Languages of Children in 1997 and The Five Love Languages for Singles in 2004.[7] In 2011, Chapman co-authored The 5 Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace with Dr. Paul White, applying the 5 Love Languages concepts to work-based relationships.[8] There are also special editions of the book such as The Five Love Languages: Military Edition, released in 2013, which Chapman co-authored with Jocelyn Green.


document_title: Sunbeam Alpine

question_text: what car is grace kelly driving in to catch a thief

text: Sunbeam Alpine

text: Alpine Mark I and III[edit]

text:
Sunbeam Alpine Mark I & III

Alpine with factory aero-screens
registered November 1953

Overview

Production
1953–55
1.582 made[1]

Assembly
United Kingdom
Australia[2]

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door roadster

Related
Sunbeam-Talbot 90

Powertrain

Engine
2267 cc (2.3L) I4

Dimensions

Wheelbase
97.5 in (2,476 mm)[3]

Length
168.5 in (4,280 mm)[3]

Width
62.5 in (1,588 mm)[3]

Chronology

Successor
Series Alpine

text: The Alpine was derived from the Sunbeam-Talbot 90 Saloon, and has become colloquially known as the "Talbot" Alpine. It was a two-seater sports roadster initially developed for a one-off rally car by Bournemouth Sunbeam-Talbot dealer George Hartnell.[1] It had its beginnings as a 1952 Sunbeam-Talbot drophead coupé. Announced in March 1953[4] it received its name following Sunbeam-Talbot saloons successes in the Alpine Rally during the early 1950s. On its first competitive outing, the July 1953 Coupe des Alpes, the new car won the Coupe des Dames (Sheila van Damm) and, without loss of any marks, four Coupes des Alpes driven by Stirling Moss, John Fitch, G Murray-Frame and Sheila van Damm.[5]

text: The car has a four-cylinder 2,267 cc (138.3 cu in) engine from the saloon, but with a raised compression ratio. However, since it was developed from the saloon platform, it suffered from rigidity compromises despite extra side members in the chassis. The gearbox ratios were changed, and from 1954 an overdrive unit became standard. The gearchange lever was column-mounted.[1] A true open 2-seater, there were no external door handles or wind-up windows.

text:
Open two-seater, without wind-up windows

1954

The Alpine Mark I and Mark III (no Mark II was made) were hand-built – as was the 90 drophead coupé – at Thrupp & Maberly coachbuilders from 1953 to 1955, and remained in production for only two years. Of the 1582 automobiles produced, 961 were exported to the USA and Canada, 445 stayed in the UK, and 175 went to other world markets. It has been estimated that perhaps as few as 200 have survived.[when?]
The Sunbeam Alpine Mk 1 Special: It was based on the 2267cc Mk 1 Sunbeam Talbot motor, with alloy rocker cover and Siamese exhaust ports [ cylinders 2 and 3 ]. These motors developed a reputed, 97.5 bhp at 4,500 rpm, mainly by raising the compression ratio to 8.0:1 and incorporating a special induction manifold with a twin choke Solex 40 P.I.I carburettor .
Sunbeam Alpine Team Cars : MKV 21 - 26: The motors were configured the same as the Sunbeam Alpine Mk I Special, with further tuning by ERA to raise power to 106 bhp.

text: Very few of these cars are ever seen on the big screen. However, a sapphire blue Alpine featured prominently in the 1955 Alfred Hitchcock film To Catch a Thief starring Cary Grant and Grace Kelly. More recently, the American PBS show History Detectives tried to verify that an Alpine roadster owned by a private individual was the actual car used in that movie. Although the Technicolor process could "hide" the car's true colour, and knowing that the car was shipped back from Monaco to the USA for use in front of a rear projection effect, the car shown on the programme was ultimately proven not to be the film car upon comparison of the vehicle identification numbers.

text: Alpine Series I to V[edit]

text:
Sunbeam Alpine Series I to V

Sunbeam Alpine Series IV

Overview

Production
1959–68
69,251 made[1]

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door roadster

Related
Sunbeam Tiger

Powertrain

Engine
Series I: 91.2 cu in (1.5 L) I4
Series II, III & IV—1592 cc (1.6L) I4
Series V—1725 cc (1.7L) I4

Dimensions

Wheelbase
86 in (2,184 mm)[3]

Length
155 in (3,937 mm)[3]

Width
61 in (1,549 mm)[3]

Height
51 in (1,295 mm)[6]

Chronology

Successor
none

text: The first open 2-seater Alpines were based on the Hillman 14 and its successor the Humber Hawk. Rootes replaced them with a softer new smaller 2-seater sports convertible coupé based on the current Hillman Minx and its variants. Kenneth Howes and Jeff Crompton were tasked with doing a complete redesign in 1956, with the goal of producing a dedicated sports car aimed principally at the US market. Ken Howes contributed some 80 per cent of the overall design work, he had worked at Ford before joining Rootes.

text: The Alpine was produced in four subsequent revisions until 1968. Total production numbered around 70,000. Production stopped shortly after the Chrysler takeover of the Rootes Group.

text: Series I 1959–60[edit]

text: The "Series" Alpine started production in 1959. One of the original prototypes still survives and was raced by British Touring car champion Bernard Unett.[7]

text: The car made extensive use of components from other Rootes Group vehicles and was built on a modified floorpan from the Hillman Husky estate car.[8] The running gear came mainly from the Sunbeam Rapier, but with front disc brakes replacing the saloon car's drums. An overdrive unit and wire wheels were optional. The suspension was independent at the front using coil springs and at the rear had a live axle and semi-elliptic springing. The Girling-manufactured brakes used 9.5 in (241 mm) discs at the front and 9 in (229 mm) drums at the rear.

text: Coupé versions of the post-1959 version were built by Thomas Harrington Ltd. After the Le Mans Index of Efficiency success of 1961, Harrington sold replicas as the "Harrington Le Mans", using a fastback body and an engine tuned to 104 hp (78 kW). Unlike the Le Mans racers, these cars had a more integrated rear roofline and were without the tail fins of the roadsters.[9] Until 1962 the car was assembled for Rootes by Armstrong Siddeley.[1]

text: An open car with overdrive was tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1959. It had a top speed of 99.5 mph (160.1 km/h) and could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 13.6 seconds. A fuel consumption of 31.4 miles per imperial gallon (9.0 L/100 km; 26.1 mpg‑US) was recorded. The test car cost £1031 including taxes.[6]

text: 11,904 examples of the series I were produced.[1]

text: In 1960 Rootes Group marketed a limited-production three-door variant of the Alpine, marketed as a shooting brake. With leather interior and walnut trim, its price was double that of its open counterpart.[10]

text: The Series I used a 1,494 cc (91.2 cu in) engine and was styled by the Loewy Studios for the Rootes Group. It had dual downdraft carburetors, a soft top that could be hidden by special integral covers and the first available wind-up side windows offered in a British sports car of that time.

text: Series II 1960–63[edit]

text: The Series II of 1960[11] featured an enlarged 1,592 cc (97.1 cu in) engine producing 80 bhp and revised rear suspension, but there were few other changes. When it was replaced in 1963, 19,956 had been made.[1]

text: A Series II with hardtop and overdrive was tested by The Motor magazine in 1960, which recorded a top speed of 98.6 mph (158.7 km/h), acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 13.6 seconds and a fuel consumption of 31.0 miles per imperial gallon (9.1 L/100 km; 25.8 mpg‑US). The test car cost £1,110 including taxes.[12]

text: Series III 1963–64[edit]

text: The Series III was produced in open and removable hardtop versions. On the hardtop version the top could be removed and the soft-top was stored behind the small rear seat; also the 1592 cc engine was less powerful. To provide more room in the boot, twin fuel tanks in the rear wings were fitted. Quarter lights were fitted to the windows. Between 1963 and 1964, 5863 were made.[1]

text: Series IV 1964–65[edit]

text: There was no longer a lower-output engine option; the convertible and hardtop versions shared the same 82 bhp engine with single Solex carburettor. A new rear styling was introduced with the fins largely removed. Automatic transmission with floor-mounted control became an option, but was unpopular. From autumn 1964 a new manual gearbox with synchromesh on first gear was adopted in line with its use in other Rootes cars. A total of 12,406 were made.[1]

text: Series V 1965–68[edit]

text: The final version had a new five-bearing 1,725 cc (105.3 cu in) engine with twin Zenith-Stromberg semi-downdraught carburettors producing 93 bhp.[1] There was no longer an automatic transmission option. 19,122 were made.[1] In some export markets, 100 PS (99 bhp) SAE were claimed.[13]

text:
Sunbeam Alpine Series IV

1967 Sunbeam Alpine Series V

1967 Sunbeam Alpine Series V

text: A muscle-car variant of the later versions was also built, the Sunbeam Tiger.

text: Competition[edit]

text: The Alpine enjoyed relative success in European and North American competition. Probably the most notable international success was at Le Mans, where a Sunbeam Harrington won the Thermal Index of Efficiency in 1961.[9] In the United States the Alpine competed successfully in Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) events.

text: Vince Tamburo won the G-Production National Championship in 1960 using the 1494cc Series I Alpine. In 1961 Don Sesslar took 2nd in the F-Production National Championship followed by a 3rd in the Championship in 1962. For 1963 the Alpine was moved into E-Production facing stiff competition from a class dominated by the Porsche 356. Sesslar tied in points for the national championship while Norman Lamb won the Southwest Division Championship in his Alpine.

text: A championship for Don Sesslar finally was achieved in 1964 with 5 wins (the SCCA totaled the 5 top finishes for the year). Dan Carmichael won the Central Division Championship in 1964 and '65. Carmichael continued to race the Alpine until 1967, when he finished 2nd at the American Road Race of Champions.

text: Bernard Unett raced factory prototype Alpine (registration number XRW 302) from 1962 to 1964 and in 1964 won the Fredy Dixon challenge trophy, which was considered to be biggest prize on the British club circuit at the time. Unett went on to become British Touring car champion three times during the 1970s.[14]

text: A six-car works team was set up for the 1953 Alpine Rally. Although outwardly similar to their production-car counterparts they reputedly incorporated some 36 modifications, boosting the engine to an estimated 97.5 bhp.[15]

text: Alpine "Fastback"[edit]

text:
Sunbeam Alpine "Fastback"

Overview

Production
1969–75

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door fastback

Powertrain

Engine
1725 cc (1.7L) I4

Dimensions

Wheelbase
98.5 in (2,502 mm)[3]

Length
174.5 in (4,432 mm)[3]

Width
64.75 in (1,645 mm)[3]

Height
55 in (1,397 mm)[16]

Chronology

Successor
none

text: Rootes introduced the "Arrow" range in 1966, and by 1968 the saloons and estates (such as the Hillman Hunter) had been joined by a Sunbeam Rapier Fastback coupé model. In 1969, a cheaper, slightly slower and more economical version of the Rapier (still sold as a sporty model) was badged as the new Sunbeam Alpine.

text: All models featured the group's strong five-bearing 1725 cc engine, with the Alpine featuring a single Zenith-Stromberg CD150 carburettor to the Rapier's twins, and the Rapier H120's twin 40DCOE Weber carburettors.

text: Although drawing many parts from the group's "parts bin", including the rear lights of the estate Arrow models, the fastbacks nevertheless offered a number of unique features, including their pillar-less doors and rear side windows which combined to open up the car much like a cabriolet with a hardtop fitted. Extensive wooden dashboards were fitted to some models, and sports seats were available for a time.

text: Post-Sunbeam Alpine[edit]

text: The Alpine name was resurrected in 1976 by Chrysler (by then the owner of Rootes), on a totally unrelated vehicle: the UK-market version of the Simca 1307, a French-built family hatchback. The car was initially badged as the Chrysler Alpine, and then finally as the Talbot Alpine following Chrysler Europe's takeover by Peugeot in 1978. The name survived until 1984, although the design survived (with different names) until 1986.

text: Notable film and television appearances[edit]

text: This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Where appropriate, incorporate items into the main body of the article. (January 2015)

text:
A metallic blue 1953 Sunbeam Alpine Mk I is driven by Grace Kelly in To Catch a Thief (1955) with Cary Grant.
A Sunbeam Alpine Mk III is driven by Peggy Cummins in the film Night of the Demon (1957).
A red Series I Alpine is driven by Elizabeth Taylor in the film Butterfield 8 (1960) and features in a number of scenes.
A white Series 1 Alpine was the regular drive of Rod Taylor's character Glenn Evans, a crime fighting news reporter, in the early 1960s TV series, Hong Kong.
A lake blue "Series II" Alpine roadster is amongst the first on-screen "Bond cars" when it is rented and driven by James Bond in Dr. No of 1962, most notably in a scene where Bond drives it under a truck to escape from pursuing hit men. It was reportedly borrowed from a local resident, as the only suitable sports car available on the island used for filming.[17] In the novel, a Sunbeam Alpine was the chosen car of assassinated Secret Service agent John Strangways.
Michael Caine's character is rescued by a woman in a white 1968 Alpine roadster in the 1971 British crime film Get Carter. The car is later shunted into a dock with the owner locked in the boot.
A Sunbeam Tiger (the V8 version of the Alpine) was also the vehicle of choice for spy Maxwell Smart in the 1960s TV comedy series Get Smart. An Alpine, outfitted to look like the Tiger, was used for the "gadget" shots, such as the cannon that comes up through the bonnet. The Alpine was used because the cannon would not fit under the bonnet of a V-8 car. The car was modified by noted American customizer Gene Winfield and was the subject of a 1/25th scale plastic model kit.[18]
A similar Alpine is seen in the Arnold Schwarzenegger film Commando, where it was destroyed.[19][20]
A Sunbeam Alpine was driven by Imogen Stubbs in the 1990s British TV series Anna Lee.
A Sunbeam Alpine is driven by Michael Caine in the 1967 film Gambit. The film also starred Shirley MacLaine and Herbert Lom.
A powder blue 1967 Sunbeam Alpine is driven by Tuesday Weld and Anthony Perkins in the 1968 film "Pretty Poison".
In the TV series Heartbeat, the character of Jackie Bradley, portrayed by Fiona Dolman, drives a green hardtop Series V Sunbeam Alpine, with red interior, bearing the original registration plate LVY 666F (1967). In Series 11, episode 12, Closing the Book two characters arrive at Scripp's Garage in a gold, hardtop Sunbeam Alpine, bearing the registration plate 836 FXH.
In the 1966 Launder & Gilliat film The Great St. Trinian's Train Robbery, Flash Harry (George Cole), possesses a crimson Sunbeam Alpine which he refers to as his 'status symbol'. He and some sixth-formers use the car to chase after the train robbers (led by Frankie Howerd).
In Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965), directed by Otto Preminger, a Sunbeam Alpine is driven by Bunny Lake's uncle (Keir Dullea).
In The Dunwich Horror (1970), Nancy Wagner (Sandra Dee) drives a red Sunbeam Alpine.
In the 1964 film The Chalk Garden, Hayley Mills's mother (Elizabeth Sellars) visits her at her grandmother's house in a white Sunbeam Alpine.
In Perfect Friday (1970), directed by Sir Peter Hall, Lady Dorset (Ursula Andress) drives a white 1966 Sunbeam Alpine throughout.

tag: ul


document_title: List of Tokyo Ghoul episodes

question_text: tokyo ghoul what episode does kaneki fight jason

text: List of Tokyo Ghoul episodes

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Tokyo Ghoul[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date[1]
English air date[2]

1
"Tragedy"
"Higeki" (悲劇)
July 4, 2014
March 26, 2017[3]

Ken Kaneki is a young man who befriends the beautiful and enigmatic Rize Kamishiro, unaware that she is a ghoul. Rize reveals her intentions to eat Kaneki but by a stroke of luck Kaneki survives her attack but is mortally wounded. He is saved by an emergency operation, transferring Rize's organs into himself. This subsequently turns him into a half-ghoul half-human hybrid and Kaneki struggles to survive and cope by himself.

2
"Incubation"
"Fuka" (孵化)
July 11, 2014
April 2, 2017

Kaneki struggles to adapt to his new nature with no success, until another ghoul, Nishiki Nishio, attempts to prey on his friend, Hideyoshi Nagachika, and he must fight to protect him.

3
"Dove"
"Shirohato" (白鳩)
July 18, 2014
April 9, 2017

After saving his friend, Kaneki is taken in by Yoshimura, a ghoul who runs the Cafe "Anteiku", who teaches him to blend in human society while hiding his true nature. However, he gets bullied by another ghoul named Touka.

4
"Supper"
"Bansan" (晩餐)
July 25, 2014
April 23, 2017[a]

A ghoul named Tsukiyama approaches Kaneki with unknown intentions and the two start hanging out. However, Tsukiyama has prepared a mortal trap where Kaneki is to be killed and eaten. Kaneki finds himself in an arena facing a giant ghoul executioner, Taro, but Tsukiyama intervenes and kills Taro as he wants Kaneki for himself.

5
"Scars"
"Zankon" (残痕)
August 1, 2014
April 30, 2017

Intending to consume Kaneki himself, Tsukiyama prepares another trap, using Nishio's human girlfriend Nishino Kimi as a hostage. Kaneki confronts Tsukiyama and is assisted by Nishio and then Touka. They are no match for Tsukiyama as their kagune are not as strong because they do not consume human flesh, so Touka bites Kaneki, restoring her kagune.

6
"Cloudburst"
"Shūu" (驟雨)
August 8, 2014
May 7, 2017

Tsukiyama is defeated by Touka with Nishio's help. Meanwhile, recent developments in the 20th ward draw the attention of the Commission of Counter Ghoul (CCG), who sends two of their investigators, Kureo Mado & Kōtarō Amon to hunt down all ghouls in the area. They find Hinami's father, Fueguchi and kill him. They then use some of Fueguchi's blood to attract ghouls and trap Hinami and her mother, Ryouko.

7
"Captivity"
"Yūshū" (幽囚)
August 15, 2014
May 14, 2017

Hinami's mother Ryouka is killed by Mado. An angry and vengeful Touka attacks members of the CCG. She kills Kusaba and attacks Amon, but Mado intervenes, using his kagune-like quinque and wounds Touka. Kaneki tells Touka that he wants to fight the ghoul investigators, much to Touka's chagrin, and is given his mask by Uta.

8
"Circular"
"Enkan" (円環)
August 22, 2014
May 21, 2017

Mado lures Hinami into a trap, but she is followed by Kaneki and Touka. Touka attacks Mado while Kaneki confronts Amon. During the fight with Amon, Kaneki realizes that he's the only one that understands the plight of both humans and ghouls. Kaneki bites Amon, releasing his kagune, but then tells Amon to escape, to his surprise. Meanwhile as Mado fights Touka, he reveals that the quinque used by the CCG are made from the kagune of dead ghouls. Hinami eventually uses her kagune to save Touka fatally wounding Mado, but refusing to kill him.

9
"Birdcage"
"Torikago" (鳥籠)
August 29, 2014
June 4, 2017[b]

Amon recalls his early days in the CCG when he was partnered with the experienced Mado. Meanwhile, Touka looks after Hinami above the cafe. Still mourning the loss of his partner, Amon is relocated to the 11th ward, where the CCG have trouble facing dangerous ghouls who do not fear them.

10
"Aogiri" (青桐)
September 5, 2014
June 11, 2017

In the 11th ward, Aogiri Tree ghouls attack a CCG branch and kill all the investigators, to the concern of Yoshimura and Yomo. Banjou Kazuichi from the 11th Ward comes to the cafe looking for Rize, then Touka's brother Ayato arrives, and then Yamori (Jason) who brutally beats and then kidnaps Kaneki. While the CCG plan an attack on the Aogiri Tree, Touka, Nishio and Hinami prepare to rescue Kaneki.

11
"High Spirits"
"Shōten" (衝天)
September 12, 2014
June 18, 2017

As Kaneki is tortured mercilessly by Yamori, the CCG storm the Aogiri Tree hideout. Meanwhile the Anteiku group infiltrate the building to rescue Kaneki. The CCG gain the upper hand, but are then confronted by the One-Eyed Owl, the leader of Aogiri Tree.

12
"Ghoul"
"Kushu" (喰種)
September 19, 2014
June 25, 2017

During the physical and mental tortures he suffers at the hands of Jason, Kaneki's hair turns white and he sees a vision of Rize. Eventually he comes to accept his ghoul-half and fights back and mortally wounds Yamori.

text: Tokyo Ghoul √A[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date[6]
English air date[2]

1
"New Surge"
"Shinkō" (新洸)
January 9, 2015
July 9, 2017

An all-out battle takes place between the CCG and the Aogiri led by the One-Eyed Owl. Shinohara and Iwa take on the One-Eyed Owl using new quinque armour called aratas, but are unable to defeat him. As the building collapses, the CCG lose about half of their troops and suspect that it was a trap. Meanwhile, Touka fights her brother Ayato but she is badly injured and saved by Kaneki. To her surprise, Kaneki leaves the Anteiku group to join the Aogiri Tree.

2
"Dancing Flowers"
"Buka" (舞花)
January 16, 2015
July 16, 2017

The 9th and 10th wards are lost to the Aogiri, apparently led by a ghoul with an eyepatch. Meanwhile Mado's daughter Akira, is assigned to become Amon's new partner. She suggests that a ghoul organization is in control of the 20th ward, but also causes some friction among the investigators because of her abrupt manner. Kaneki has now joined the Aogiri.

3
"Hangman"
"Tsurushibito" (吊人)
January 23, 2015
July 23, 2017

Kaneki and Ayato lead an Aogiri attack on a CCG convoy to rescue Naki, one of Jason's old cohorts who is being taken to the maximum security prison for ghouls known as Cochlea. During the mission, they are attacked by two one-eyed ghouls in black and white striped masks. Touka pays a visit to the university which Kaneki used to attend, where she has an encounter with Hideyoshi Nagachika (Hide) who is now working as a messenger for the CCG.

4
"Deeper Layers"
"Shinsō" (深層)
January 30, 2015
July 30, 2017

While Amon and Akira visit Cochlea prison to learn more about Aogiri's plan from Donato Porpora, the Aogiri commence their invasion of Cochlea and free a majority of the imprisoned ghouls. The two one-eyed ghouls, Kurona and Nashiro Yasuhisa, meet up with the idiosyncratic inspector Juzo Suzuya. Kaneki frees the powerful ghoul Matasaka Kamishiro, but is attacked by him and badly beaten.

5
"Rift"
"Sakeme" (裂目)
February 6, 2015
August 6, 2017

The battle at Cochlea intensifies on several fronts. Juzo defeats Kurona and Nashiro Yasuhisa, and Shinohara in his arata armour almost kills Ayato. Kaneki undergoes a transformation, generating an additional kagune after consuming dead ghouls, however he is beaten by Amon. Amon recalls the time Kaneki spared him and so he hesitates, reluctant to kill Kaneki. At that moment, the One-Eyed-Owl arrives, grabs Ayato and Kaneki, then departs.

6
"Thousand Paths"
"Senro" (千路)
February 13, 2015
August 13, 2017

Juzo recalls the time when he was known as Rei, an arena executioner for the ghoul Big Madam, and then his acceptance into the CCG by Shinohara. Amon and Akira spend some time together and develop a better understanding of each other. Meanwhile the CCG prepare a task force to combat the One-Eyed-Owl and the Aogiri. Kaneki painfully tries to gain control his new kagune.

7
"Permeation"
"Tōka" (透過)
February 20, 2015
August 20, 2017

Hinami misses Kaneki but is uncertain what to do about it. Sen Takatsuki, Kaneki's and Hinami's favourite author, shows up at the Anteiku coffee shop and tells Hinami that in her current state, she cannot help her Onii-chan (Kaneki). Takatsuki visits the CCG, and tells Shinohara about Anteiku so he pays a visit with Juzo and meets Yoshimura. Later, Kaneki appears at Anteiku and although Touka rushes there to see him, she beats him up instead of revealing her true feelings for him.

8
"Old Nines"
"Kyūkyū" (旧九)
February 27, 2015
August 27, 2017

Yoshimura tells Kaneki about his early life as the killer Kuzen and that the One-Eyed-Owl is actually his child, Eto, with a human woman, Ukina. Yoshimura then sends Touka and Hinami to safety with Yomo, suspecting that the CCG has discovered the truth about Anteiku and is planning an attack.

9
"City In Waiting"
"Gaibō" (街望)
March 6, 2015
September 10, 2017[c]

The CCG staff prepare their testamentary notes in their own personal ways in preparation for a potentially fatal full scale assault on Anteiku. They launch the attack using conventional and specialized weapons and are greeted by the Devil Apes and Black Dober groups with Yoshimura and his friends - Yoshimura pretending to be the One-Eyed Owl. Despite being warned of the danger, Touka and Kaneki head to the 20th ward to assist their friends.

10
"Last Rain"
"Shūu" (終雨)
March 13, 2015
September 17, 2017

Kaneki's friends from Anteiku are defeated one by one but he arrives to help them. Juzo, Shinohara and a few other investigators finally defeat Yoshimura after a long, fierce battle. Amon faces off against Kaneki, but with victory in sight for the CCG the real One-Eyed Owl appears before the investigators.

11
"Deluge of Flowers"
"Itsuka" (溢花)
March 20, 2015
September 24, 2017

The One-Eyed Owl easily defeats Shinohara and Juzo, and when the Aogiri Tree joins the battle, the CCG is driven into a corner. Kaneki and Amon face off, and reluctantly engage in battle. Eventually the strongest investigator, Kishō Arima appears and attacks the One-Eyed Owl giving the CCG renewed hope to fight on. Badly wounded, the One-Eyed Owl consumes Yoshimura's body and escapes. Also wounded, Kaneki struggles towards Anteiku. He wakes up in the cafe and finds Hide trying to make coffee for him. In a post-credits scene, the Owl regurgitates a still alive Yoshimura behind an alley and goes back to her original form, revealing herself to be both Sen Takatsuki and the Owl/Eto.

12
"Ken" (研)
March 27, 2015
October 1, 2017

Kaneki thinks back to happier times in Anteiku. Hide reveals that he knew Kaneki was a ghoul after Nishiki attacked the two of them. As they talk, Hide collapses from loss of blood and passes out in Kaneki's arms, having been mortally wounded on the battlefield. Touka sobs when she arrives to see Anteiku burning down. She chases after Kaneki when she sees him walking out, but is stopped by Yomo, who states that Yoshimura's last request to him was for him to protect her. Kaneki walks toward the CCG, carrying Hide's body in his arms, and comes face-to-face with Arima. At the next morning, both Kaneki and Amon have disappeared. After the credits, it is shown that Touka has opened up a new café.

text: Tokyo Ghoul:re[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date[8]

1
"START: Those Who Hunt"
"Karu Monotachi START" (狩る者たち　ＳＴＡＲＴ)
April 3, 2018

Quinx squad leader Kuki Urie and his frustrating underling Ginshi Shirazu are surveying Tokyo in search of the ghoul serial killer Torso, who has been killing women and eating their torsos but leaving the rest of their bodies. Eventually, they meet with photographer Chie Hori, who gives them valuable information in exchange for the underpants of senior Quinx Haise Sasaki. Hinami, now an Aogiri Tree member, warns Torso to be careful because they are close to catching him. Learning that the culprit is a taxi driver, Toru Mutsuki discovers him and is brutally attacked in his car. However, this allows Ginshi and Urie to locate the killer and lure him into a roadblock trap. While they face the killer, however, a mysterious and exceptionally strong ghoul named Orochi attacks, massacring all of the officers maintaining the roadblock, and allowing the taxi driver to escape. Sasaki appears and faces Orochi, but then suffers a hallucination of Ken Kaneki telling him to "accept" him in order to kill Orochi brutally. Sasaki then unleashes his kagune.

2
"member: Fragments"
"Kakera member" (欠片 member)
April 10, 2018

When Sasaki removes Orochi's mask during their fight he is shocked to see the face of Nishio underneath, who calls him "Kaneki", prompting his memories to flicker back and forth and drive him insane. To prevent Sasaki from killing his fellow CCG agents, Akira Mado tranquilizes him. After returning to his senses, Sasaki demotes Urie for endangering his squadmates and promotes Ginshi to Quinx Squad leader. Sasaki then spars with Kisho Arima, before telling him that he was worried that the memories of his past self "Kaneki" were returning and that they might drive him away from his family with the Quinx Squad. Later, Torso meets with The Rabbit (Ayato Kirishima), to become a member of Aogiri Tree. Sasaki, Ginshi, and Mutsuki then begin investigating a ghoul nicknamed "Nutcracker" who has been crushing the testicles of her victims and stop by in the coffee shop :re. While at the shop, Sasaki recognizes and is recognized by Touka. After tasting the coffee she makes for him, he begins to cry, subconsciously recalling his time at Anteiku. He then thinks to himself that he had never before seen anyone so beautiful.

3
"fresh: Eve"
"Zen'yasai fresh" (前夜祭 fresh)
April 17, 2018

Kanae von Rosewald brings Shu Tsukiyama the underwear that Chie Hori had collected from Haise Sasaki, but the latter falls into despair after realizing that he couldn't recognize the scent as Kaneki's. Later, the Quinx Squad continue their investigation of Nutcracker and cross-dress to disguise themselves at a nightclub where she had been sighted. At the nightclub, two members of the Clowns recognize Sasaki as Kaneki and note that "for Kaneki to come out, Sasaki will have to ‘die.’" The squad, alongside Juzo Suzuya, then follow up on a lead that takes them to the auction where the Nutcracker had been selling her victims to the gourmets.

Note: This episode features an insert song by popular American youtuber and singer Amanda Lee

4
"MAIN: Auction"
"Ōkushon MAIN" (オークション　MAIN)
April 24, 2018

Kidnapped and entered into a circus-themed gourmet auction, Toru is sold off to Big Madam. However, Suzuya initiates an assault on the auction in which many ghouls and CCG operatives are killed. Eto watches the chaos from afar in amusement, and sends in a mysterious ghoul called Takizawa, who brutally kills a squad leader. During the fray, Torso and Kanae fight over who gets to keep Toru.

5
"PresS: Night of Scattering"
"Chiri Yuku Yoru Press" (散りゆく夜　Press)
May 1, 2018

Takizawa, revealed to be former Investigator Takizawa, now a crazed one-eyed ghoul, slaughters an entire squad of CCG operatives, while another squad is killed by Nutcracker. Meanwhile, Sasaki and the Quinx Squad face off against Kanae, who furiously blames him for Tsukiyama's reduced mental state, but is critically injured and rescued by a mysterious ghoul named Matsumae. Big Madam and the other auctioneers are attacked by Suzuya and Urie, but mid-way through the fight, Urie is critically injured and swallowed by Big Madam. The episode ends with Takizawa leaping from above and attacking Sasaki, who is forced by his superiors to fight the SS-rated one-eyed ghoul alone.

6
"turn: In the End"
"Sono, Hate ni turn" (その、果てに turn)
May 8, 2018

Sasaki suffers multiple hallucinations of Ken Kaneki, while Takizawa is beating him inside the auction room. Meanwhile, the Nutcracker is killed by Quinx Squad members Ginshi Shirazu and Saiko Yonebayashi. Big Madam fights both Urie, who nearly goes insane, and Mutsuki, who unleashes his kagune. She comes face to face with Juzo, who despite that he was tortured by her, is unable to kill her. She is eventually wounded by fellow Suzuya squad member Hanbee Abara, who covers Juzo's ears while the CCG investigators kill her. Meanwhile Hinami, realizing that Sasaki is Kaneki, and Saiko hearing Sasaki's screams, they both rush into the auction room, where Hinami fights Takizawa in order to save Sasaki. Sasaki fearfully accepts his Kaneki side and fights Takizawa. They both pierce each other with their kagunes and fall down.

7
"mind: Days of Recollections"
"Kokorooboe Arishi Hibi mind" (心覚え在りし日々 mind)
May 15, 2018

Hinami is arrested by CCG operators led by Kisho Arima. Sasaki, having survived his encounter with Takizawa, saves her from execution by asking to take her into custody. She is imprisoned in Cochlea ghoul prison. In the following weeks after the operation, the members of the Quinx Squad are being promoted while Sasaki becomes senior investigator. At the next morning, he hallucinates that an investigator is Yamori. The same night, Eto delivers him a package with Kaneki's old mask and a book signed by her in it. He goes to the :re cafe where he is served coffee by Touka. After he leaves, Touka, Uta, Yomo and Nishio discuss about Kaneki. Sasaki starts searching about Kaneki and then suffers a hallucination of Yoshimura and Anteiku. On the same night, Tsukiyama is in terrible pain despite eating many people.

8
"TAKe: One Who Writhes"
"Ugomeku Mono TAKe" (蠢くモノ TAKe)
May 22, 2018

Tsukiyama is always hungry and can't control his kagune.In the meantine, Tatara refuses Ayato's request to rescue Hinami from Cochlea. Sasaki is approached by the ghoul investigators Nimura Furuta and Shiki Kijima who tell him that he is going to work them on the upcoming Rose Investigation. In CCG HQ, Sasaki and the Quinx Squad are informed by the investigator Kori Ui about the Rose ghoul gang (actually members of the Tsukiyama crime family), who attack Furuta and Kijima. They are saved by the investigator Hairu Ihei. Gang member Yuuma is arrested and tortured by Kijima in Cochlea. Sasaki visits Uta to learn more about the mask and Takatsuki's book. Uta lies about both of them. Sasaki then asks him to make him a new mask. Chie Hori delivers Sasaki's photos to Kanae von Rosewald and Tsukiyama recognizes him to be Kaneki.

9
"play: Departed Spirit"
"Bōrei play" (亡霊 play)
May 29, 2018

Tsukiyama wants to make Sasaki remember that he is Kaneki. He and Kanae find him on the street, along with the Quinx Squad, and Tsukiyama runs towards him but fells down. Sasaki hears him saying "Kaneki" but he doesn't recognise him. Sasaki goes to Uta's shop and orders masks for the entire Quinx Squad, in order to impersonate ghouls for the upcoming Rose Investigation. Kori Ui rejects the plan, knowing that Sasaki is a ghoul. In the meantime, Kijima's video of him torturing Yuuma brutally and provoking Rose gang to kill him has gone viral. Tsukiyama plans to release him and to use Kaneki/Sasaki as a key person by restoring his memories. Tsukiyama makes many failed attempts to speak to Sasaki, so Kanae bribes some Aogiri members to attack the Squad in order to isolate Sasaki. However, Yamori's old gang attacks Sasaki by accident and Mutsuki battles with Torso but he is attacked by the ghoul Grave Robber. Sasaki kills his attackers with his kagune. Saiko is almost killed but she is saved by Amon Kotaru who is revealed to be alive. Eto watches the entire scene.

10
"think: Sway"
"Yureru think" (ゆれる think)
June 5, 2018

Kanae comes face to face with Eto who first toys with him and then attacks him with her full power. It's revealed that Kanae loves Tsukiyama but he doesn't, so Kanae wishes he could kill Sasaki. Eto tells him that she will "be his god" and captures him. Back on the CCG HQ, Sasaki asks Ui to reconsider his plan about ghoul impersonation and Ui agrees. The same night, Sasaki wears Kaneki's mask and along with the Quinx Squad start a patrol. Sasaki is recognised by ghouls as Eyepatch, so he starts finding information about him. He learns that the Eyepatch was the one who "killed" Amon and he sees again a Kaneki hallucination crying about killing Amon. Tsukiyama meets again with Sasaki who asks him if he is a ghoul and if he knows Ken Kaneki. Tsukiyama refuses to tell him. CCG's chairman, Tsuneyoshi Washu, gives Ui permission to kill Tsukiyama's family. On the same night, Tsukiyama's father drugs him in order to keep him safe. The CCG are at the front of the Tsukiyama mansion ready to attack. Tsukiyama's father allows himself to be arrested while Tsukiyama takes control of the family as the CCG arrives in his hideout. In the meantime, Kanae is tortured and mutilated by Eto.

11
"writE: The Absent One"
"Ketsuraku-sha write" (欠落者 writE)
June 12, 2018

Kijima, Nimura Furuta, Sasaki, and the Quinx Squad are killing ghouls on the Tsukiyama hideout. In the meantime, Tsukiyama says goodbye to his friends who tell him to go to the rooftop where a helicopter is going to take him away. Kori Ui sends Sasaki on the roof. Tsukiyama arrives there too and comes face to face with Sasaki. Sasaki tells Tsukiyama to surrender but Tsukiyama attacks him. Meanwhile, Kanae is now insane and attacks CCG investigators on the hideout. Hariu Ihei is wounded badly by Matsumae and makes a final stand but Matsumae decapitates her. Kijima arrives on the scene but Matsumae slices him up and cuts him in two with his own quinque killing him. Furuta protects himself from one of Matsumae's attacks by using another agent as a human shield, and then kills Matsumae with Kijima's quinque. The Quinx Squad come face to face with Noro. Sasaki fights with Tsukiyama and in a moment of weakness, he loses his hand by Kanae. Noro is destroyed by Ginshi Shirazu but he doesn't die. Kanae tries to kill Sasaki, who starts to remember that Arima was mocking him for his defeat at his hands. Sasuki escapes Kanae who is revealed to be a woman named Karren. Eto arrives on the scene with her form as the One Eyed Owl.

12
"Beautiful Dream: Daybreak"
"Yoake Beautiful Dream" (夜明け Beautiful Dream)
June 19, 2018

As the battle on the hideout still continues, Sasaki is attacked by Eto who reveals her identity as Sen Takatsuki to him and calls him Kaneki. She watches as Karren brutally attacks Sasaki and kicks him in the head multiple times. Inside his head, Sasaki sees a child version of Kaneki whom he strangles. As the child curses him, Sasaki realizes that he is Kaneki as he sees a memory of his mother abusing him. He remembers Hide and his battle with Arima who pierced him in the head with his quinque. With his memories back, and his hair completely black again, Kaneki ditches his Sasaki identity and cuts off Karren's arm. Meanwhile, Kori Ui and the rest of CCG find Furuta, who killed all the other CCG investigators that were there with him, claiming to be the sole survivor. Kaneki fights with Karen, piercing her mersilessly with his kagune as Tsukiyama watches. Although Kaneki recognizes Tsukiyama he stabs him. Meanwhile, Shirazu still fights Noro who remembers when Yoshimura gave him Eto to take care of her. Urie and Shirzu kill Noro but Shirazu also dies due to his injuries. Kaneki and Eto fight and Kaneki calls her a piece of trash who doesn't deserve to be saved. They run from the windows towards the roof of the hideout and Kaneki destroys her kakuja and her Owl form while she licks her blood from his face. Kaneki rips her apart and she falls from the building while declaring her love for him. Kori Ui finds Kaneki devouring Eto's kakuja on the roof. Kaneki pretends to still be Sasaki and throws Tsukiyama from the building. Karren falls along with him in order to save him. She does save him, however she falls down to her death. Kaneki meets the Quinx Squad and sees Shirazu's body. Kaneki coldly tells Urie that this is his fault and that he is weak. Tsukiyama is saved by Touka, Yomo and Chie Hori. Naki's goons steal Shirazu's corpse.

text: OVA[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Release date

1
"Tokyo Ghoul: JACK"
"Tōkyō Gūru [JACK]" (東京喰種トーキョーグール [JACK])
September 30, 2015

The story features a serious young Special Investigator Kishou Arima at high school where he first meets the carefree Taishi Fura who joins him in hunting ghouls in the 13th ward. Later, they both become Special Investigators in the CCG, but retain their original opposite attitudes.

2
"Tokyo Ghoul: PINTO"
"Tōkyō Gūru [PINTO]" (東京喰種トーキョーグール [PINTO])
December 25, 2015

The story features Shuu Tsukiyama the "Gourmet" during his high school years and Chie Hori. They meet when she photographs Tsukiyama killing a jogger and then about to eat him because of the tone of his body. She being uninterested in exposing him as a Ghoul and seems completely lost in a world of her own, photographing anything that takes her interest.

text: Home release[edit]

text: The series was released to DVD and Blu-Ray format in four volumes.[9]

text: Tokyo Ghoul[edit]

text:
TC Entertainment (Japan, Region 2/A)

Episodes
DVD/Blu-ray Release date[9]

Volume 1
1-3
000000002014-09-26-0000September 26, 2014

Volume 2
4-6
000000002014-10-31-0000October 31, 2014

Volume 3
7-9
000000002014-11-28-0000November 28, 2014

Volume 4
10-12
000000002014-12-26-0000December 26, 2014

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Tokyo Ghoul did not air on Toonami the weekend of April 15–16, 2017 due to special scheduling.[4]
Jump up ^ Tokyo Ghoul did not air on Toonami the weekend of May 27–28, 2017 due to a Samurai Jack marathon.[5]
Jump up ^ Tokyo Ghoul √A did not air on the weekend for September 2–3, 2017 due to a Dragon Ball Z Kai marathon.[7]