document_title: Wonders of the World

question_text: when was tge great wall of china built

question_tokens: when was tge great wall of china built

text: Wonders of the World

text: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

text: The historian Herodotus (484 – ca. 425 BC) and the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca. 305–240 BC), at the Museum of Alexandria, made early lists of seven wonders. Their writings have not survived, except as references.

text: The classic seven wonders were:

text:
Colossus of Rhodes
Great Pyramid of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

text: The only ancient world wonder that still exists is the Great Pyramid of Giza.

text: Lists from other eras

text: In the 19th and early 20th centuries, some writers wrote their own lists with names such as Wonders of the Middle Ages, Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages, Seven Wonders of the Medieval Mind, and Architectural Wonders of the Middle Ages. However, it is unlikely that these lists originated in the Middle Ages, because the word "medieval" was not invented until the Enlightenment-era, and the concept of a Middle Age did not become popular until the 16th century. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable refers to them as "later list[s]",[2] suggesting the lists were created after the Middle Ages.

text: Many of the structures on these lists were built much earlier than the Medieval Ages but were well known.[3][4]

text: Typically representative are:[2][3][5][6]

text:
Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa
Colosseum
Great Wall of China
Hagia Sophia
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
Stonehenge

text: Other sites sometimes included on such lists:

text:
Cairo Citadel[7]
Cluny Abbey[8]
Ely Cathedral[9]
Taj Mahal[10]

text: Recent lists

text: Following in the tradition of the classical list, modern people and organisations have made their own lists of wonderful things ancient and modern. Some of the most notable lists are presented below.

text: American Society of Civil Engineers

text: In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers compiled a list of Seven Wonders of the Modern World, paying tribute to the "greatest civil engineering achievements of the 20th century":[11]

text:
Wonder
Date started
Date finished
Location
Significance

Channel Tunnel
December 1, 1987
May 6, 1994
Strait of Dover, between the United Kingdom and France
The longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world.

CN Tower
February 6, 1973
June 26, 1976
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1976–2007.

Empire State Building
January 22, 1930
May 1, 1931
New York, NY, U.S.
Tallest structure in the world 1931–1967. First building with 100+ stories.

Golden Gate Bridge
January 5, 1933
May 27, 1937
Golden Gate Strait, north of San Francisco, California, U.S.
The longest suspension bridge main span in the world from 1937 to 1964.

Itaipu Dam
January 1970
May 5, 1984
Paraná River, between Brazil and Paraguay
The largest operating hydroelectric facility in the world in terms of annual energy generation.

Delta Works/ Zuiderzee Works
1920
May 10, 1997
Netherlands
The largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century.

Panama Canal
January 1, 1880
January 7, 1914
Isthmus of Panama
One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken.

text: USA Today's New Seven Wonders

text: In November 2006 the American national newspaper USA Today and the American television show Good Morning America revealed a new list of New Seven Wonders as chosen by six judges.[12] An eighth wonder was chosen on November 24, 2006 from viewer feedback.[13]

text:
Number
Wonder
Location

1
Potala Palace
Lhasa, Tibet, China

2
Old City of Jerusalem
Jerusalem[n 1]

3
Polar ice caps
Polar regions

4
Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Hawaii, United States

5
Internet
Earth

6
Mayan ruins
Yucatán Peninsula, México

7
Great Migration of Serengeti and Masai Mara
Tanzania and Kenya

8
Grand Canyon (viewer-chosen eighth wonder)
Arizona, United States

text: Seven Natural Wonders of the World

text: Similar to the other lists of wonders, there is no consensus on a list of seven natural wonders of the world, and there has been debate over how large the list should be. One of the many existing lists was compiled by CNN:[14]

text:
Aurora
Grand Canyon
Great Barrier Reef
Harbor of Rio de Janeiro
Mount Everest
Parícutin volcano
Victoria Falls

text: New7Wonders of the World

text: In 2001 an initiative was started by the Swiss corporation New7Wonders Foundation to choose the New7Wonders of the World from a selection of 200 existing monuments.[15] Twenty-one finalists were announced January 1, 2006.[16] Egyptians were not happy that the only surviving original wonder, the Great Pyramid of Giza, would have to compete with the likes of the Statue of Liberty, the Sydney Opera House, and other landmarks, calling the project absurd. In response, Giza was named an honorary Candidate.[17] The results were announced on July 7, 2007, in Lisbon, Portugal:[18]

text:
Wonder
Date of construction
Location

Great Wall of China
Since 7th century BC[19]
 China

Petra
c. 100 BC
 Jordan

Christ the Redeemer
Opened October 12, 1931
 Brazil

Machu Picchu
c. AD 1450
 Peru

Chichen Itza
c. AD 600
 Mexico

Colosseum
Completed AD 80
 Italy

Taj Mahal
Completed c. AD 1648
 India

Great Pyramid of Giza (Honorary Candidate)
Completed c. 2560 BC
 Egypt

text: New7Wonders of Nature

text: New7Wonders of Nature (2007–11), a contemporary effort to create a list of seven natural wonders chosen through a global poll, was organized by the same group as the New7Wonders of the World campaign.

text:
Iguazu Falls
Hạ Long
Jeju Island
Puerto Princesa Underground River
Table Mountain
Komodo
Amazon rainforest

text: New7Wonders Cities

text: New7Wonders Cities is the third global vote organized by New7Wonders.

text:
Durban, South Africa
Vigan, The Philippines
Havana, Cuba
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Beirut, Lebanon
Doha, Qatar
La Paz, Bolivia

text: Seven Wonders of the Underwater World

text: The Seven Underwater Wonders of the World was a list drawn up by CEDAM International, an American-based non-profit group for divers, dedicated to ocean preservation and research.

text: In 1989 CEDAM brought together a panel of marine scientists, including Dr. Eugenie Clark, to pick underwater areas which they considered to be worthy of protection. The results were announced at The National Aquarium in Washington DC by actor Lloyd Bridges, star of TV's Sea Hunt:[20]

text:
Palau
Belize Barrier Reef
Great Barrier Reef
Deep-Sea Vents
Galápagos Islands
Lake Baikal
Northern Red Sea

text: Seven Wonders of the Industrial World

text: British author Deborah Cadbury wrote Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, a book telling the stories of seven great feats of engineering of the 19th and early 20th centuries.[21] In 2003, the BBC aired a seven-part docudrama exploring the same feats, with Cadbury as a producer. Each episode dramatised the construction of one of the following industrial wonders:[22]

text:
SS Great Eastern
Bell Rock Lighthouse
Brooklyn Bridge
London sewerage system
First Transcontinental Railroad
Panama Canal
Hoover Dam

text: Other lists of wonders of the world

text: Numerous other authors and organisations have composed lists of the wonders of the world. Travel writer Howard Hillman published two books on the subject, one with 10 man-made wonders, and one with 10 natural wonders.[23][24] British biographer, science writer, and novelist Ronald W. Clark published a book of man-made and natural wonders titled Wonders of the World, which lists 52 wonders, one for each week of the year.[25]

text: Seven Wonders movie

text: Seven Wonders of the World is a 1956 film in which Lowell Thomas searches the world for natural and man made wonders and invites the audience to try to update the ancient Greek list of Wonders of the World.

text: Seven Wonders of the Solar System

text: In a 1999 article, Astronomy magazine listed the Seven Wonders of the Solar System. This article was later made into a video.[26]

text:
Enceladus, a moon of Saturn
The Great red spot of Jupiter
The Asteroid belt
The surface of the Sun
The Oceans of Earth
The Rings of Saturn
Olympus Mons on Mars