document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: top goal scorer in premier league history in one season

root

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3

Manchester United (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)[1]
Manchester United (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]

Biggest title-winning margin: 19 points, 2017–18; Manchester City (100 points) over Manchester United (81 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

tag: ul

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 100, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[4]
Most home points in a season: 55, joint record:[5]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home points in a season: 7, Sunderland (2005–06)[7]
Most away points in a season: 50, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away points in a season: 3, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[8]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[9]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[10]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[10]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[11]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in total: 629, Manchester United[12]
Most wins in a season (38 games): 32, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[13]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[7]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 16, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[7][14][15]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[16][2]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[17]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[18][16]

Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)

Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[19]

text: Defeats[edit]

text:
Most defeats in total: 351, Everton[20]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[21]
Fewest defeats in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[22]
Fewest home defeats in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[23][24][25]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08)[26][27][28]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[28][29][30][31][32]
Liverpool (2008–09, 2017–18)[33]
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Fewest away defeats in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[27][34]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 5 October 2008)[35]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[36]
Most defeats in a season (42 games or 38 games): 29, joint record:

Ipswich Town (1994–95)
Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)[37]

Most home defeats in a season (19 games): 14, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[38]
Most away defeats in a season (19 games): 17, Burnley (2009–10)[39]
Most consecutive defeats over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[40]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in total: 287, Everton[20]
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[41]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Aston Villa (2006–07, 2011–12)[41]
Sunderland (2014–15)[41]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[41]
Leicester City (1997–98, 2003–04)[41]
Manchester United (2016–17)[41]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98, 2016–17)[41]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[41]
Manchester United (2012–13)[41]
Chelsea (2016–17)[41]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96, 2014–15)[41]
Barnsley (1997–98)[41]
Chelsea (1997–98)[41]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[41]
Everton (2000–01)[41]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[41]
Portsmouth (2005–06, 2007–08)[41]
Burnley (2009–10)[41]
Liverpool (2011–12)[41]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[41]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]
Manchester City (2009–10)[41]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 106, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[43]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[45]
Best goal difference in a season: 79, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Worst goal difference in a season: –69, Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[47]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[45]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[48]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[49]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[49]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[49]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[49]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[49]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[49]
Southampton (1998–99)[49]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[49]
Derby County (2007–08)[49]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[49]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[49]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[49]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[50]
Most goals scored in total: 1,924, Manchester United[20]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,267, Tottenham Hotspur[20]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[51]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[52][53]
Highest season average attendance: 75,821 – Old Trafford, Manchester United (2006–07)[54]
Lowest season average attendance: 8,353 – Selhurst Park, Wimbledon (1992–93)[54]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 653, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 24 February 2018)[55]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[56]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[57]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[58]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[59]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[60]
Most Premier League goals: 260, Alan Shearer[61]
Most Premier League goals at one club: 183, Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)[62]
Oldest goalscorer: 40 years and 268 days, Teddy Sheringham (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[63]
Youngest goalscorer: 16 years and 271 days, James Vaughan (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[64]
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[65]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[66]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
208
491
0.42
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
162
492
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

tag: table

tag: p

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[68]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 32, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[69]
Most games scored in during a Premier League season: 24, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[70]
Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[71]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league:[69]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)
Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)

22-team league:[citation needed]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[72]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[73]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[74]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[75]

Andy Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[76]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[77]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[78]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[79]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[80]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[66]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: 2 minutes 56 seconds, Sadio Mané (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[83]
Most different clubs to score for: 7, Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[84]
Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[85]
Most own goals in a season: 4, joint record:

Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[86]
Lewis Dunk (2017–18)[87]

Most hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[88]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (Liverpool)[89]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Most assists (career)

Rank
Player
Assists

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
111

3
 Wayne Rooney
103

4
 Frank Lampard
102

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 James Milner
78

9
 Teddy Sheringham
76

10
 David Silva
75

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[91]
Most consecutive Premier League matches with an assist: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[92]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[93]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[94]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Most clean sheets (career)

Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

1
 Petr Čech
201

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
151

4
 David Seaman
140

5
 Nigel Martyn
137

6
 Pepe Reina
134

7
 Edwin van der Sar
132

 Tim Howard

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
128

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[95]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[96]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[97]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[98]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[99]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[100]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[101]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[55]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[67]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[102]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[103]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal against Manchester City, 23 May 2012[104]

text: Youngest goalscorers[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[105]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10 April 2005
Everton
16 years, 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26 December 2002
Leeds United
16 years, 346 days
Sunderland

3
Wayne Rooney
19 October 2002
Everton
16 years, 351 days
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fàbregas
25 August 2004
Arsenal
17 years, 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
6 May 1997
Liverpool
17 years, 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
5 September 1992
Tottenham
17 years, 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
5 April 2009
Manchester United
17 years, 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20 October 2012
Liverpool
17 years, 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20 February 1999
Chelsea
17 years, 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20 September 1997
Everton
17 years, 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[106]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[106]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[107]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United won the 2010–11 season
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City won the 2015–16 season

Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[108]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[109]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[110]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[111]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[112]
Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[113]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[114]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 – final score; 3–4)[115]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 – final score; 4–4)[116]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 – final score; 3–4)[117]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[118]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[119]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[120]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[121]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[122]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[123]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
26
1000
629
215
156
1924
875
1049
2102
13
6
3
1

80.85
1

2
Arsenal
26
1000
544
253
203
1772
962
810
1885
3
6
5
7

72.50
1

3
Chelsea
26
1000
537
248
215
1707
963
744
1859
5
4
4
2

71.50
1

4
Liverpool
26
1000
499
255
246
1685
1024
661
1752

3
5
7

67.38
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
26
1000
423
255
322
1480
1267
213
1524

1
2
2

58.62
2

6
Everton
26
1000
362
287
351
1303
1265
38
1373

1

52.81
4

7
Manchester City
21
810
359
194
257
1279
952
327
1271
3
2
2
1
2
60.52
1

8
Newcastle United
23
882
334
225
323
1207
1187
20
1227

2
2
1
2
53.35
2

9
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

10
West Ham United
22
844
275
221
348
1012
1214
−202
1046

2
47.55
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
19
734
229
202
303
892
1022
−130
889

1
46.79
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[124]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
12
460
142
129
189
572
670
−98
555
1

3
46.25
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
12
456
112
128
216
475
696
−221
464

4
38.67
8

20
Stoke City
10
380
116
109
155
398
525
−127
457

1
45.70
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Crystal Palace
9
350
97
89
164
374
511
−137
380

4
42.22
10

25
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

26
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Swansea City
7
266
82
66
118
306
383
−77
312

1
44.57
8

29
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

30
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

31
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[125]

1
41.86
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.14
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Watford
5
190
45
43
102
188
318
−130
178

2
35.60
13

36
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

37
Burnley
4
152
40
37
75
145
229
−84
157

2
39.25
7

38
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

39
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

40
Bournemouth
3
114
34
30
50
145
195
−50
132

44.00
9

41
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

42
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Brighton & Hove Albion
1
38
9
13
16
34
54
–20
40

40
15

45
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

46
Huddersfield Town
1
38
9
10
19
28
58
–30
37

37
16

47
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

48
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

49
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

text: League or status at 2018–19:

text:
2018–19 Premier League

2018–19 EFL Championship

2018–19 EFL League One

2018–19 EFL League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[126][127]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League titles: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Most Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[128]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[129]
Longest spell as manager: 21 years, 224 days, Arsène Wenger (Arsenal, 1 October 1996 to 13 May 2018)[130]
Shortest spell as manager (excluding caretakers): 41 days, Les Reed (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006) (8 games)[131]


document_title: Will Horton

question_text: who used to play will on days of our lives

text: Will Horton

text: Casting[edit]

text: Identical twins Shawn and Taylor Carpenter originally played Will. They were only six weeks old when they started, and they portrayed Will from babyhood until six years old (1995 to 2002).[9][38] In 2002, Days decided they wanted a trained young actor playing Will, and nine-year-old Darian Weiss was cast,[9][39] and the character was rapidly-aged[38] three years. A year later (2003), Christopher Gerse took over as Will. Gerse was able to attend regular school whilst working on Days, including playing on his school's basketball team,[40] just like his character.[citation needed] In 2005, Days were again planning to rapidly age Will, and were "actively seeking out a new actor to play the role" — but the plans were shelved when new storyline for the younger Will "became available", and Gerse was retained to "preserve the believability of Alison Sweeney and Bryan Dattilo as his parents".[41] Will was not aged again, and Gerse continued until 2007[9] when Will was written out (by having the character go to live with his uncle and aunt in Switzerland). In addition, for one episode in January 2008, Gerse provided Will's voice for a phonecall.[42]

text: In 2009, Will now sixteen,[13] was reintroduced with actor Dylan Patton.[9][43] In 2010 the role was again recast with Chandler Massey, a newcomer to daytime television, reportedly to facilitate a new storyline.[44] Before he started, Massey watched as many episodes of the series as he could find to familiarize himself with the character.[45] Massey's younger brother Christian was employed to play Will in flashbacks for the episode of February 8, 2013.[46] After Massey's second Emmy win in 2013, he revealed he would vacate the role to return to university after his current contract expired.[47][48][49] Executive Producer Ken Corday said, "I wish he would stay. I keep telling him to change his mind, don't go away ... The door will always be open here to Chandler. We are not going to recast Will, but I wish him well".[50] Massey expressed he would support a recast, saying "I don’t want Will and Sonny to break up. I want them to be together forever and go off and get married", and "if they decide to bring someone else to play Will, I won't be upset and bitter. I want what is best for WilSon!"[51] On August 23, 2013, it was reported Massey had left the show effective immediately, and the show would go ahead with a recast due to the character's current storyline.[52]

text: On September 12, 2013, it came out that Guy Wilson was cast in the role of Will.[53] His costar Freddie Smith revealed the switch between Massey and Wilson would happen as quick as the news of the recast, saying, "If you blink and open your eyes, you’ll be like, 'Wait, there's a new Will?!' ... It’s literally just 'BOOM!'"[54] Massey made his final appearance on January 2, 2014, and Wilson made his first appearance on January 8, 2014.[55] Wilson later revealed that when he tested for the role with Smith, Smith did not know that Wilson was reading for the role of Will, saying "I wasn't supposed to tell him". Wilson said "the whole experience was a soap opera, because everyone knew something that someone else didn't know."[56] Wilson's last airdate was October 13, 2015,[57] with the character portrayed as dead.

text: On May 8, 2017, Entertainment Weekly announced that Massey would reprise the role of Will, beginning September 2017. Massey told the publication: "I am so excited to be bringing Will back [...] I can’t wait for the fans to see what we have planned."[35] Sweeney, whose return had been previously announced, told Soap Opera Digest: “I’m so excited to work with Chandler again. It will be fun to see what they have in store for our characters.”[58] Massey made his return appearance as Will on September 15, 2017.[37][59]

text: Development[edit]

text: Characterization and family[edit]

text: In the show, the character is named William Reed at birth – with "William" being after his aunt Billie Reed (Lisa Rinna),[60] who is both the sister of Austin Reed (who's believed to be Will's father when Will is born), and half-sister to Lucas (Will's real biological father).[60] When Will's real paternity is publicly revealed two years later, Will's surname is changed to Lucas's. As Lucas is using his mother's surname of Roberts, Will becomes Will Roberts - which is the name Will has through most of his childhood. In 2007,[11][12] when Will is nearly fifteen, Lucas changes both their surnames to that of his father, Bill Horton. Will is the great grandson of Days of Our Lives original couple, Tom and Alice Horton.[10]

text: Will's parents, Sami and Lucas, have an on-and off-relationship over the years, and this affects Will. The Sony Pictures web page for Will stated his "turbulent upbringing" makes the young Will "moody and suspicious",[61] but About.com's profile on the character says Will overcame the turmoil of his upbringing, and grew up to be a "kind-hearted" and "level-headed" teenager.[62] In an early interview, Massey said Will is "a great guy .... he kind of had an interesting upbringing, but he turned out to be a really good kid, very forgiving." Massey added: "He doesn’t like being lied to, definitely, but that happens all the time to him. He's very mature for his age. Sometimes it seems like he is the parent in the relationship" (with his mom Sami).[63]

text: Will has a streak of optimism, demonstrated in his childhood ambition to get his parents together as a couple, against all odds.[60] He has a "strong bond" with his one-time "father", his "beloved" Uncle Austin, and his Aunt Carrie.[60] Will also has a close relationship with his Grandma Marlena (Deidre Hall), who helps him through his struggles to come out.[64] She tells Will he is "one of the bravest men I've ever known".[65] Wilson said Will is "very passionate about everything he does".[66]

text: With his best female-friend, Gabi Hernandez (Camila Banus), Will is the father of Arianna Horton (played by Harper and Sydnee Udell).[10][67] Arianna's birth was portrayed on the show, as was Will's and his mother's.[68] Will has a long-time best male friend in Tad "T" Stevens[69] – played by Brendan Coughlin,[70] who has played opposite Patton, Massey, and Wilson.[71]

text: Talking about Will and Sonny's relationship, Massey said Will "being insecure" creates drama, but Will and Sonny were "by far the most stable, most logical and loving" couple on the show.[72] Wilson called the couple "great communicators",[73] and "one thing that Will and Sonny have is a sense of humor";[74] and Massey felt "they compliment each other. They cover each other’s flaws and mesh very well.”[75]

text: Beginning with the marital conflict storyline that kicked off in the fall of 2014,[76] commentators thought Will was written as if he had had a sudden "full-on personality transplant".[76][77][24]

text: On his 2017 return, Massey noted how the character had developed, saying: "He has grown up to be very much like his mother Sami, which is fun to play. Will can be bitchy, like Sami," adding it would be fun for the audience too, saying "audacity can be very entertaining".[78] Massey enthused about the characteristics of Will that he loves playing, saying "I love how mad Will can get sometimes! And I love that Will can yell at people. And I love that he is fearlessly protective of Ari, his daughter. And he's not afraid to confront and embrace confrontation. In real life that's discouraged – yelling at people is largely discouraged – but on Days of Our Lives that's how people thrive! I like being able to explore Will's wide range of emotions, and really being able to go there in ways that you can't always in real life."[79] In the show, Will cheats death, but is left with total amnesia of his life before – and Massey discussed the challenges of playing a character who does not know his own past: "It was almost like starting with a blank canvas again. Amnesia’s often associated with some pretty drastic personality changes, so it was a chance to completely recreate Will’s personality in some sense… and yet I also tried to stay faithful to the kind of things that might be hardwired into his body.”[75]

text: Sexuality and coming out[edit]

text: When Dylan Patton played him, Will was characterized as straight.[80] Will (aged 16–17) had a girlfriend in Mia McCormick (Taylor Spreitler), and Patton was unaware of any intention to make Will gay.[80] At the start of Chandler Massey's era, Will was also characterized as straight. Massey told Afterbuzz TV "It wasn't till later" and "I guess something that I was doing made them think, 'this guy should be gay! And this will be great!'". Massey explained: "They sat me down and told me 'we have this great story for Will – he's going to be coming out – and we want to let you know that's the direction we're going in.'"[81] After Massey learned of this in February 2011, uncertainty was cast over the storyline, as Days of Our Lives changed head writers and executive producers.[82] Massey said that, while he was not told whether or not they would proceed, he played Will "with his sexuality in mind".

text: In June 2011, actor Freddie Smith joined the show to play Sonny Kiriakis, an openly gay character.[83] Will and Sonny quickly become friends, and initially, the two characters share a "bromance". Massey told Jacobs of We Love Soaps that Will has a close relationship with Sonny, and Will looks up to and respects Sonny because Sonny has encountered hate but remains confident and comfortable with who he is. Massey said Will admires these qualities in Sonny as "they are rare to see."[45]

text: In November 2011, Days of Our Lives announced that Will would be coming out as gay. Both NBC (the show's broadcaster in the USA) and Sony Pictures Entertainment (its international distributor) approved of the storyline. Co-Executive Producer Greg Meng said "we are excited to have the encouragement and support from both NBC and Sony to tell the inspiring story of a young man learning who he is as he defines and creates his relationships with others."[84] Massey said that he was "thrilled" to play Will in an "empowering way that will show his struggle to accept who he is". He wanted the storyline to help other people to accept themselves for who they are.[84] The Daily Mail reported that the storyline was part of an attempt to attract a younger audience.[85]

text: Massey revealed Will's struggle with his sexuality would not be romantic. In the show, after Will meets Sonny, he starts rebuffing his then girlfriend Gabi Herdandez's attempts at intimacy; and when she ends her relationship with Will, he has an emotional breakdown and smashes up his aunt's kitchen (the place where Gabi breaks up with him).[86] The scenes were fun to film, according to Massey, but a "challenge to do them convincingly". He said Will had had a lot to deal with throughout his life, and so Will "has put his sexuality on the back burner and hasn't really dealt with it";[82] Massey said Will was "living with self-loathing and disgust over not being able to accept himself", and that Will drinks alcohol to make himself feel "less awkward". Boozed-up, Will does something he wouldn't have if he were sober: Will kisses one of Sonny's gay friends, a young man called Neil (Jesse Kristofferson). Sonny sees them at it, and Massey said it's "one of those moments when Will wishes he could turn invisible".[87]

text: Eventually, with the help of his family and Sonny, Will accepts his sexuality, and learns to live happily as an out gay man. Massey was pleased the storyline would reach a "big audience" and he hoped it would promote tolerance.[82]

text: Bryan Dattilo, who plays Will's dad Lucas, praised Massey's scenes in the coming-out story, saying "Chandler just rips up every scene. What a great actor! Before I left the show we'd worked together in only one or two scenes. When I came back I'm going,'Who the hell is this guy?' I didn't know it was the same kid!"[88]

text: Revival[edit]

text: In reaction to the killing of Will, "fans were outraged in a way rarely seen before in Days history, not comprehending the purpose of killing a legacy character ... who we watched grow from birth in real time onscreen", according to soap journalist Hope Campbell.[26] On January 23, 2017 news broke that Days of Our Lives had a new headwriter in Ron Carlivati,[89] a Daytime Emmy Award-winner for headwriting at One Life to Live[90] and a two-time Writers Guild of America Award-winner for headwriting at General Hospital.[91][92] Then on May 8 news broke of Chandler Massey's return as Will,[35] and Carlivati engaged fans on twitter with an exclaim of "Whaaaattt??? Will Horton is dead! Or is he! How can this be?! Tune in and find out!"[36] Carlivati talked about his motivation to bring back Massey in an interview with Soap Opera Digest, saying "it seemed like the death of Will Horton was not a popular decision and was viewed as a mistake. I wanted to take a look at that and see if there was a way to repair some of that damage.”[93] Executive producer Ken Corday said: "People hated the fact that we killed Will, but we did. Now we’re fixing it."[94] Shortly before his first new episode in September 2017, Massey chatted about Will's revival with the New York Post, saying: "Soaps have their ways, you know? Will certainly wouldn’t be the first person to come back from the dead. They have a medically plausible explanation."[95][59] Carlivati later revealed that bringing back Massey was one of the first ideas he pitched to Days, and credited storyline consultant Ryan Quan with the idea of using Susan Banks as the "villain" of the story.[96]

text: Storyline[edit]

text:
"Will's paternity drove story for DAYS in the 90's. The character provided a living crucible for the twisted love quadrangle of Sami, Austin, Carrie and Lucas. Will was also a central factor in the delicious, decades-long war Kate and Sami waged against one another."

Jamey Giddens, Daytime Confidential[77]

tag: div

text: Will is born to Sami via Caesarean section. Sami has convinced herself, and everyone else, that Austin is the father, and Austin welcomes Will as his own. But when Will has an accident as a child, his blood is tested, and Sami then realizes that Lucas must be Will's real father. In order not to lose Austin, Sami says nothing, and changes hospital records so no one knows – but her brother Eric (Jensen Ackles) and sister Carrie (Christie Clark) uncover the truth, just before she is going to get married to Austin. The wedding is stopped, and over the following years, Will is centric to several custody battles between his parents. In addition, he is caught up in the bitter feud between Sami and Kate Roberts (Lauren Koslow), who is the mother of both Austin and Lucas.

text: Despite his turbulent upbringing, for many years Will is a quiet, eager to please little boy (played by Shawn and Taylor Carpenter). He loves both Austin and Lucas, and he gets upset when he cannot see them, and when his father Lucas is in a coma after a fire. However, after Lucas takes him on holiday to Africa in the summer of 2002, Will (now Darian Weiss, and nine years old) becomes spoiled, bold, and obnoxious. He talks back to his parents and calls them by their first names. He also starts to play rough with other children and ends up hurting his cousin Abby on more than one occasion. Everyone worries that his unstable home life is the cause of his antics.

text: Eventually his childish behavior subsides. But when a serial killer (the Salem Stalker) begins offing his relatives he gets afraid - and it doesn't help that both his parents are, for a time, suspects! Will (now Christopher Gerse) comes home from school one day with a black-eye, after he has gotten into a fight defending his parents honor. Will does everything he can to get his parents together, so that he can be like "other kids" with a father and mother who live together. Several times it seems that Will's dream is going to come true, but Sami, or his grandma Kate, usually manage to throw a spanner in the works. So when Lucas marries Sami's sister Carrie Brady, and Sami gets engaged to Austin, Will is happy, as he loves both his aunt and uncle, and his parents. But when Sami jilts Austin at the altar, Will cannot cope and runs away to Chicago. Sami fears he has been kidnapped and goes onto the news to plea for his safe return. When Will returns, he is surprised to find out the kerfuffle he has caused.

text: Carrie has an affair with Austin and they leave Salem (the show's fictional town) together, and Lucas moves back in with Will and Sami. Will is pleased to have his parents together once more, and to his delight, Lucas and Sami become engaged. They marry despite Kate's attempts to stop them, and Will is over-the-moon that his dream has finally come true. But his happiness does not last, as crimelord Stefano DiMera (Joseph Mascolo) tells Sami she has to divorce Lucas and marry Stefano's son EJ DiMera (James Scott) to end the longstanding Brady-DiMera feud. When she refuses, Sami's step-dad (Will's "grandpa John") is killed (or so they think). Sami gives birth to twins, and the girl (Allie) is Lucas's, but the boy (Johnny) is EJ's – and this is due to EJ having raped Sami on a night she made love to Lucas. Sami decides that the only way she can protect the lives of her family is to marry EJ, but Will is furious that his family is being torn apart by EJ. He is so upset that he does something very rash, that is only revealed years later. After Sami and EJ are married, Will is brought home to Lucas by a police office who finds him underage-drinking. Will doesn't want to be in Salem any more – and wants to go live with his Uncle Austin and Aunt Carrie in Switzerland. His dad agrees to this, and Will leaves America. Six weeks later, Sami phones Will to tell him that his dad has been arrested for the shooting of EJ DiMera.

text: After his dad is released from prison, and his mom divorces EJ, Will (now Dylan Patton, and aged 16) returns to Salem in February 2009. Disappointed his parents are not back together, Will is stunned when his mom tells him she has adopted a new baby – Grace Brady. Sami is lying to Will, as in truth, she got pregnant by EJ, and after divorcing EJ, gave birth to a daughter – and the "adoption" is Sami's way to keep EJ from knowing. Will meets and befriends Mia McCormick (Taylor Spreitler), who like Will, is a new student at school. Mia encourages Will to accept Grace as his sister. Mia and Will start dating, but Will knows she is keeping secrets. Eventually, it comes out that she herself had a baby secretly after getting pregnant by an ex-boyfriend, Chad Peterson-Woods (Casey Deidrick). She gave away her daughter to Nicole Walker (Arianne Zucker), the new wife of EJ DiMera; the plan being that Nicole would pass the baby off as hers and EJ's. Grace contracts meningitis and dies, and Will and Sami are distraught. Will is further hit when Sami tells Will that Grace was his biological (half) sister. Five months later, everyone is shocked when it is revealed that Nicole Walker secretly swapped Mia's baby with Sami's baby (who she knew was EJ's child), and Nicole has been bringing up Sami's daughter (named Sydney) all along; whereas Grace was actually Mia and Chad's. Sami is re-united with her child Sydney, and Mia learns her daughter is dead.

text: After a break, Will and Mia start dating again, but when Mia two-times Will with Chad, Will (now Chandler Massey) breaks up with her. Despite starting out as rivals for Mia's love, Will and Chad become friends. Chad also befriends Will's best mate − Tad "T" Stevens (Brendan Coughlin).

text: Will's mom marries the former FBI agent and policeman Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering), and Will loves living with them and his three young siblings as a family. His friend Gabi Hernandez (Camila Banus) is Rafe's young sister, and Will begins dating her. They graduate high school together, and on graduation day, they meet Sonny Kiriakis (Freddie Smith), who has just returned to town after traveling the world. Will and Sonny quickly become friends, and Will learns Sonny is gay. After befriending Sonny, Will avoids being intimate with Gabi, and she ends the relationship. Will catches Sami cheating on Rafe with EJ, and in an angry and upset mood, he goes to a party with Sonny, gets drunk and kisses a young man named Neil (Jesse Kristofferson). Will talks about the kiss with his grandmother Marlena Evans (Deidre Hall), who promises him her support and love. His grandma Kate also supports and accepts him, saying she has known for a long time. Will confides in Sonny that he is not ready to come out as gay, and, trying to resist his sexuality, he has a one-night stand with Gabi that results in a pregnancy. As Will enters into a relationship with Sonny, Gabi, with Will's agreement, pretends that the baby has been fathered by her new boyfriend Nick Fallon (Blake Berris), who is Will's second cousin. Will and Sonny split when the paternity of Gabi's baby is revealed, but soon reunite. Nick doesn't want Will involved in the coming baby's life because he is gay, and when Nick discovers that it was Will, not Lucas, who had shot EJ years before, he blackmails Will to sign away his parental rights. After Will and Nick are both attacked by a former prison-mate of Nick's, and Will is shot whilst trying to save Nick's life, Nick relents – and Will is correctly named as baby Arianna's father on her birth certificate when she is born. When they leave hospital, Gabi and Arianna move in with Will and Sonny, and together they form a three-parent family, with Gabi, Will and Sonny bringing up Arianna together.

text: Will (Guy Wilson) marries Sonny in April 2014. Gabi rekindles her relationship with Nick, who pressures Gabi to seek a court decision that will drastically limit Will's access to his daughter. Shortly after a court date is set, Nick is shot and killed. Thinking that Sonny did it, Will confesses to protect him. This causes Gabi, the real killer, to admit to killing Nick, who she felt was a threat to her and Arianna. Gabi accepts a plea deal and goes to prison, leaving Arianna in the care of Will and Sonny. In October 2014, Will and Arianna leave Salem temporarily with Sami, who is mourning EJ's death, but they return in December 2014. Will's absence and Sonny's financial troubles with his new club have strained their relationship. Will finds out that Sonny has spent all their money, and Will plunges himself into his work as a journalist. He is assigned to interview injured star baseball player Paul Narita (Christopher Sean), whom Will soon suspects is gay but closeted. Will sees an opportunity to get an important scoop about what it is like to be a gay professional athlete, and also to help another gay man to come out. Recognizing that Will is keen to confirm that he is gay, Paul seduces Will into bed with him. Will is immediately remorseful, but he continues to interview Paul and encourages Paul to come out to the world in his article, sharing his own coming-out story with him. What Will doesn't know is that Paul is Sonny's ex, to whom Sonny had proposed to before he had met Will, and Paul had only declined because he didn't think he could be an out gay athlete. Paul's athletic career is now at an end due to his injury, and unbeknownst to Will, he has already tried to get back together with Sonny. Sonny learns that Paul is Will's interview subject at the same time he hears about Will's infidelity, but he is stabbed in the park as he goes to confront them. Sonny's memory is impaired while he recovers, but when he remembers what Will has done, Sonny rejects Will and leaves Salem to convalesce. When he returns, they struggle to mend their relationship, but Will's infidelity is made public and the Kiriakis family turn against Will. Desperate to repair his marriage and terrified of losing Sonny to Paul, Will does all he can to get Paul to leave town. When this fails, Will tries playing match-maker to pair Paul with Derek (Spencer Neville). To help things along Will shares his interview notes about Paul with Derek, to help him win Paul's heart. But Paul realizes Derek knows stuff he has only told Will. Sonny is furious when he finds out about Will's machinations, and leaves town again, ostensibly to take care of Kiriakis family business. Will is distraught, but he holds onto the hope that they will be re-united. Gabi is released from prison on a technicality, and Will and Arianna welcome her back into their lives.

text: Ben Weston (Robert Scott Wilson) asks Will to be his best man in his upcoming wedding to Will's cousin, Abigail Deveraux (Kate Mansi). Will calls on Abby at the apartment she shares with Ben, to give her wedding venue information that he and Sonny had put together when they were engaged. Abby has to go out, but the cable guy is due to come that day, and Will offers to wait in the apartment. Whilst there, Will reminisces about his own wedding, and then phones Sonny (who is in Paris, and a different time zone) and leaves him an emotional and loving voice message, fully admitting his fault in their breakup, and expressing his unconditional love. After this Will notices a red necktie in Ben's trash can. This surprises Will, and makes him think of the serial killer currently at large in town who has murdered two women by strangling them with such a necktie (which is left with the body). Ben arrives just as Will is holding the tie and thinking about this. Ben acts alarmingly, and Will realizes Ben is the Necktie Killer. Will tries to leave, but Ben knocks him out. Just as Will is coming to, Ben strangles Will with the tie. Will is apparently killed on October 9, 2015.[97]

text: Sonny is elated to get Will's message, and immediately gets ready to return to Salem, to reunite with Will. Whilst packing, he is told Will has been murdered. Sonny is devastated, and he returns to Salem to bury his husband rather than reconcile with him. Meanwhile, Ben has made sure Chad DiMera (Billy Flynn) is the prime suspect in the murders; but as Ben's relationship with Abigail self-destructs, he becomes increasingly violent and unhinged. After he nearly murders Abigail and Chad, Ben is arrested and publicly revealed as the Necktie Killer.

text: In 2017, it is revealed that Will (Chandler Massey) did not die when he was strangled. When Will had entered Ben’s apartment, he was being followed by Susan Banks (Eileen Davidson), who was planning to abduct Will in an act of revenge against Sami, whom she blamed for her son EJ’s death. When Ben slipped out after strangling Will, Susan and her associate Dr Wilhelm Rolf (who had revived Sami’s step-dad John back when he was thought to be dead) secretly entered, and Dr Rolf found Will to be unconscious but breathing. He then injected Will with something that would make him appear to be dead. After Lucas and Sami had viewed Will in the morgue, Dr Rolf revived Will. It turns out that Will’s family unwittingly buried an empty coffin at his funeral, and Will, who had lost all his memories, was taken by Susan, who took care of him, but made him believe that he was her son EJ.

text: In the fall of 2017, Sonny and Paul are to marry, and Ben escapes from Bayview Sanatarium, and crashes their double wedding with Chad and Abigail to announce that Will is alive. This is met with a high degree of skepticism, but Sonny, who thinks Will died thinking Sonny didn’t love him, really wants to know the truth, and says he can’t marry Paul until he knows. Sami returns to Salem to find out the truth. When investigation reveals that the claim that Will is alive originates from Dr Rolf, this ignites hope that it is true. The investigation leads to an address in Memphis, where they find Susan. Will is working at a local bar, and Lucas is the first to see him, but he is inebriated, and thinks he is hallucinating and does not realize he has really seen Will. Paul then sees Will, but is afraid to tell people in case he loses Sonny. Eventually he confesses to Sonny, and Sonny and Sami find Will, and discover that he does not recognise them, and does not believe that they are his real family. But John persuades Susan’s partner Roger, whom Will trusts, to admit to Will what Susan has done. And Will, with some encouragement from Marlena, decides to return to Salem, to find out who he really is.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Coming out story[edit]

text: Days of Our Lives "first gay kiss"[98][99] was welcomed by critics. Soap journalist Michael Fairman[15] called it "one of the best daytime television coming out kisses", and said the best part was "Sonny sees the whole thing!"[100] Online blogger Perez Hilton described the scenes as "incredible" and "absolutely wonderful".[101] Pascal Parvis of Têtu noted Will and Neil's kiss was "not a little" and said "what could be better" than the serial's first gay kiss lasting two episodes.[102] Both The Huffington Post and Perez Hilton remarked favorably on Days showing a hot "steamy make-out" session as opposed to just a kiss,[101][103] and Hilton praised the serial and NBC for not "bowing down to bigoted pressure".[101] Sara Bibel of Xfinity said Will and Neil got the "full soap treatment" (as for heterosexual couples) claiming daytime soap operas in the past have panned the camera away during same-sex kisses.[99] There were also jibes at Days of Our Lives belated featuring of man-to-man intimacy: Joachim Ohnona from Pure People pointed out it took more than ten thousand episodes for Days to air their first gay kiss;[104] and Dan Avery of Queerty said the serial "made television history yesterday when it became the absolutely last show to show two men kissing", and "he’ll get some bed scenes by 2016".[105] Entertainment Weekly's Lynette Rice commented "a first gay kiss is no longer much of a milestone on broadcast TV, but for Days of Our Lives it represents the latest effort to remain relevant",[98] and Xfinity's Bibel noted it was remarkable for a show with a reputation for being "socially conservative".[99]

text:
"Head writers Marlene McPherson and Darrell Ray Thomas Jr. developed the character layer by layer, and then bounced him around like a ball in a pinball machine as he had to deal with the 'am I gay?' realization .... Having seen friends go through this before, I've never seen a more honest approach."

Jessica Radloff, Glamour Magazine[14]

text: Fairman called Will's coming out story "excellent",[106] "powerful",[107] "emotionally impactful",[108] "relatable",[107] and "believable",[108] and credited Days of Our Lives for keeping it "edgy, dark, and very raw".[100] He said the writers and actors did "a subtle, compelling and beautiful job relating the struggles of young man trying to face and accept who he is, and the ramifications he fears it will have for him with his family and society";[106] and he also praised the writing for "addressing what parents fear for their child when they come out", saying "a lot of important points were made throughout the dialog."[108] Fairman gave his accolade of "power performances of the week" to Chandler Massey and Deidre Hall (playing Will's grandma Marlena, who helps Will come out),[106] and gave Massey his "Best Overall Performance" of a daytime younger actor in 2012,[109] and praised Massey's performance as "remarkable", "fabulous",[107] and "beyond sensational".[16] Jessica Radloff of Glamour Magazine, said: "In any other actors hands, the story would not carry the same weight. Massey brings a pureness to the role of Will that makes you love him. This is a brilliant young actor who will move you to tears based on a look alone."[14] Massey submitted the episode where Will kisses Neil and talks to Marlena about it to the Daytime Emmys in 2013,[4] and won.[5] Anthony D. Langford of AfterElton.com noted the "terrific chemistry" of Massey and Hall;[110] whilst Rick Nelson of the Star Tribune found the storyline to be addictive viewing.[111]

text: Will and Sonny's romance[edit]

text: Will Horton's romance with Sonny Kiriakis was generally well-received by critics and the audience. TV Guide said that "while it took 45 years for the show to introduce its first openly gay character (Sonny) and another year and a half to have him find a male partner (Will), the wait was well worth it. This steamy, star-crossed saga has had drama to spare (Paranoia! Blackmail! Impossible parents!), but its real success lies in the fresh, easy charm of these two young men."[112] TV Source Magazine named Will and Sonny Best Couple of 2012 in the Days of Our Lives series, saying "One of the most refreshing things about Will and Sonny’s relationship is it's portrayed just as any heterosexual couple would be. Watching them grow from friends to being in love was one of the highlights of the year for DAYS."[113] Jeremy Helligar of The Advocate declared Will and Sonny "groundbreaking" because "their domestic stability (and sex life!) is so front-and-center on Days". He compared them favorably with 1992 series Melrose Place, whose gay character Matt Fielding "never got so much as on onscreen kiss", whereas Will and Sonny "are regularly shown in flagrante delicto and basking shirtless in post-coitus afterglow." "How far we've come", he exclaimed.[114]

text: Wedding[edit]

text: Hollywood reporter Greg Hernandez[115] called the wedding "great, great stuff", and said he was "wiping away tears left and right". He confessed, "I used to get lost in fantasy as a teenager that I would marry a guy" and explained how his imagined festivities were very much like Will and Sonny's wedding. He was thrilled that "with gay marriage becoming legal in a growing number of states" his fantasy "can actually come true for young gay people dreaming about that today", and he said "that is why I will be forever grateful to this soap for giving us this episode, this wedding that was filled with love and supportive family and friends. It’s the way it should be and always should have been", and he "loved every minute of it".[116] Michael Fairman declared it the "best wedding" of 2014, and praised it for being "beautifully acted", with "inspired writing" and "touching speeches", saying "every time we watch this we need hankies".[117]

text: When on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled to make same-sex marriage a right across all states of the USA,[118] soapcentral.com published an article celebrating the Supreme Court's ruling with a look back at the first same-sex marriages shown in USA soap operas: the first female-female marriage (Bianca and Reese on All My Children) and the first male-male marriage (Will and Sonny on Days of Our Lives), saying both were "incredibly special".[119] Commenting on the importance of the couple at the time of Will's revival, Krystyn Burtt of SheKnows said, "The storyline began to play out in 2012, when few states had marriage equality. By the time the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that same-sex marriage was a right in all 50 states on June 26, 2015, Will and Sonny were already married. Days of Our Lives had shown fans how important all types of love stories were and how they deserved representation on daytime TV."[120]

text: Marital strife[edit]

text: In Soap Opera Digest's "Best and Worst" end-of-year reviews, Will and Sonny got "Worst Marital Conflict" in both 2014[121] and 2015.[27] Digest criticized the writing, saying "it was not the write stuff".[121] Greg Hernandez said it was as if Will had had a "sudden personality transplant" and "none of it feels true";[76] and Fairman said the character became "unrecognizable" in his actions.[24] Soap Opera Digest complained that Will "inexplicably succumbed" to Paul's advances and that it added "insult to injury" when it was subsequently revealed that Will had a previous episode of infidelity when off the show. They remarked: "when Will and Sonny tied the knot, it was a groundbreaking moment based in love, which is why it is impossible to comprehend why the show spent the better half of the last two years trying so hard to unravel this historic union".[27]

text: Murder[edit]

text: Former Days writer Kola Boof,[122][123] tweeted "I think the killing of Will Horton is one of the biggest dumbest mistakes in Days history. On many levels."[124] Soap Opera Digest condemned the killing, saying it was "sick and violent", and "it got people talking all right, but not in a good way," and whilst realizing the show needed to boost ratings, "killing off a legacy character like Will was not at all the way to do it." They said "Will holds a special place in the hearts of Days viewers", because they watched him "grow up on-screen after his birth in 1995", and "his sensitive coming out tale in 2012" added to his "cherished status".[27] TV Guide Magazine's Michael Logan tweeted "Killing Will is a dumb-ass move. He's not just a legacy character & LGBT icon, this crazy hot mess was storytelling gold. Insane."[125] Logan expanded in his end-of-year review, saying it was "dead wrong" and "idiotic" and "the murder of Days of Our Lives’ landmark gay character Will Horton via brutal strangulation meant the loss of an insanely fascinating fire-starter who had kept the show spinning for years," adding "many are calling the move homophobic."[28]

text: Michael Fairman[15] labelled the killing as "The Worst Decision" in soaps in 2015, saying "to kill the legacy character of Will Horton by having him brutally murdered ... sent a message to the LGBT community, and the viewers, that caused a major negative backlash." Fairman gave the runner-up for "Worst Decision 2015" to Days not having Will's husband upfront at his funeral, "Will’s husband Sonny was relegated to the second row ... Not cool!"[24] Tony S., a columnist at soapcentral.com, said the family photograph of Will, Sonny and Arianna blowing off Will's grave "came across as a promise from someone in charge to homophobic fans ... as, 'Congrats, you won't have to worry about their kind anymore.'"[126]

text: James Lott Jr[127] of AfterBuzz TV said Will's murder was a "jump the shark moment", and "I just couldn't believe it!" He said Will was "a character that has been on since pre-birth", and is "related to almost everyone on the show", and "I mean this is really ridiculous to me: to kill Will Horton!" Lott described his experience watching it happen and thinking "you're ruining the show right now - this is the biggest mistake you could have made," and "as the life was coming out of him, the life was coming out of me at the same time, as a long-time viewer."[29] Lott's Afterbuzz TV colleague Tony Moore[128] called Will's death "gruesome" and "hard to watch", and bemoaned "the whole gay storyline is just going to be done away with." He criticized the writing, in that Will didn't run, cry for help, or fight back.[29] Tony S did too, writing "Will was just as fit as any other Salem heartthrob, but was so discombobulated by a toss to the fridge that he couldn't fight back. Alllll riiiggghhhttt", and "he had a child and husband to live for – to fight for – yet the writers seemed like he couldn't die fast enough."[126] Several commentators criticized the lack of repercussions in the story. Laurisa, a columnist at soapcentral.com, wrote "the people of Salem were no more invested in solving this crime than they were before Will's death."[126] Michael Logan wrote "Will’s death was pretty much forgotten by the people of Salem within days, even by his own mother,"[28] and Soap Opera Digest said "the end game" was "nil", and "people were giddily partying to honor Salem's birthday party mere weeks after his graphic murder!"[27]

text: Mark J Freeman[129] of Afterbuzz TV talked in strongly critical terms about pandering to viewers who dislike seeing gay characters on TV: "instead of just saying 'a majority of middle america doesn't like the gay storyline: let's kill them' ... how about being the change?" Freeman framed it in an historical context, saying, "there are things in American history, that a majority of people ... thought was right, and it didn't make it right, ... and it doesn't mean that change should not have happened."[29]

text:
"Does anyone in the TV industry know or care that Days of Our Lives exterminated their iconic gay legacy character and pretty much abolished all things gay on the show, just in time to celebrate 50 years on the air?"

Question addressed by Matt Roush in TV Insider's Ask Matt column[130]

text: Fans expressed outrage via social media[25][131] and letters to Soap Opera Digest.[132] Social media fan reactions were published in Hollywood Life,[25] and 2paragraphs.com,[131] with one fan saying: "Will Horton was a beacon in the face of bullying and persecution. Today, you expect LGBTQ youth to watch his life strangled away".[25] Soap Opera Digest printed a letter saying: "In my 30-plus years as a Days viewer, I have never been more disgusted by a storyline than the violent strangulation death of a gay legacy character ... As the mother of a young son who was struggling with his sexuality, we were able to watch Will come out, fall in love, and get married ... Now I regret ever encouraging him to watch."[132]

text: In another published tweet a fan thanked Alison Sweeney (who plays Will's mother, Sami Brady) for "voicing our disgust" to the killing of Will.[25] Sweeney told Soap Opera Digest: "I was angry. I felt betrayed and hurt", and "this particular story point is something that I just don't agree with and I didn't from the moment they told me. And I don't understand why they did it." Sweeney said: "it breaks my heart that there is no Will anymore."[133]

text: Return[edit]

text: Will's revival was welcomed by critics and fans.[134][135][136] Kristyn Burtt of SheKnows wrote: "The return of Chandler Massey to Days of Our Lives this fall has been a huge watershed moment for NBC. The character of Will Horton and his love story with Sonny Kiriakis, played by Freddie Smith, was a groundbreaking one on television. It really is a romance for the ages."[134] Hope Campbell of SoapHub said the killing of Will "ushered in a downward spiral for the soap just before its 50th anniversary that never stopped – until now. Welcome back, Will, and welcome back, Sami."[135]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Darian Weiss, Christopher Gerse, and Dylan Patton, were all nominated for Young Artist Awards for their portrayal of Will.[137][138][139] Gerse was nominated twice – in 2004 and 2005.[137][138] In 2010, Patton received a nomination for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series,[19] and the next year (2011), Chandler Massey was nominated.[20] Massey went on to win the Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series – never before won for a gay character[21] – three years in a row, in 2012,[6] 2013,[5] and 2014.[7]

text: Days of Our Lives won the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Daily Drama in 2012,[140] 2013,[3] 2014,[141] and 2015,[142] in recognition of the characters and stories of Will Horton and Sonny Kiriakis and related characters.


document_title: The President's Challenge

question_text: who is the president's challenge program designed for

question_tokens: who is the president 's challenge program designed for

text: The President's Challenge

text: The program[edit]

text: The President's Challenge program included Awards for actively performing members in their preferred games, sports, or athletics. There were various levels of Awards available.[2] They are:

text:
Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (PALA)[3]
Health Fitness Award
Presidential Champions Awards[4]
Presidential Champions Bronze Award
Presidential Champions Silver Award
Presidential Champions Gold Award
Presidential Champions Platinum Award

text: To obtain credit participants must log in their daily efforts, which as noted above can include both sports and physical fitness activities.  Each daily activity gives a certain number of points, the number computed by both its intensity and duration.  Reporting is entirely on the honor system.  Each higher level award requires accumulating more points.  There is not a time limit.  Qualifiers are eligible for certificates, medals and patches, with the platinum award being a large medallion.  The lower levels are comparatively easy, while the platinum award requires a sustained effort, typically over several years.  Annually the number of people who reached this point has increased.  Over 100 a year now earn it.  Several have been awarded it multiple times.

text: Participants who achieve the Platinum Award are also offered participation in the Presidential Champions Platinum Award program.[5]  The Platinum Awards page was taken down in 2016 following the transition of the program from being under the administration of FDA to the Department on Agriculture on August 31, 2016. SuperTracker and the new management did not track Platinum earners or post any information about them, and the program was suspended in 2018.[1]

text: Website hacked[edit]

text: On January 11, 2012, the operators of the website for participants of the Challenge and Active Lifestyle programs learned that the website had been hacked resulting in the release of personal information of the participants.[6] The President's Challenge website said it was down for "Site Maintenance – We're taking a little breather."[7] On January 20, 2012, the website was modified to explain the hacking.[8]

text: On January 27, 2012, The President's Challenge sent out emails to its participants saying that the website was functional as of January 24, 2012, and asked participants to reset their user passwords.[9][10]

text: End of the Awards[edit]

text: The awards program was terminated on June 30, 2018.[11]


document_title: Scourge

question_text: what type of whip was used on jesus

question_tokens: what type of whip was used on jesus

text: Scourge

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word is most commonly considered to be derived from Old French escorgier - "to whip", going further back to the Vulgar Latin excorrigiare: the Latin prefix ex- "out, off" with its additional English meaning of "thoroughly", plus corrigia - "thong", or in this case "whip". Some connect it to Latin: excoriare, "to flay", built of two Latin parts, ex- ("off") and corium, "skin".

text: Description[edit]

text: A scourge (Latin: flagrum; diminutive: flagellum) typically consists of several thongs fastened to a handle. A well known configuration of a scourge is the cat o' nine tails. The cat o' nine tails has two versions: the navy version is made of thick ropes with knotted ends, the army and civil prison versions are usually made of leather.[1]

text: The scourge, or flail, and the crook are the two symbols of power and domination depicted in the hands of Osiris in Egyptian monuments.[2] The shape of the flail or scourge is unchanged throughout history.[1] However, when a scourge is described as a 'flail' as depicted in Egyptian mythology, it may be referring to use as an agricultural instrument. A flail was used to thresh wheat, not implement corporal punishment.[3]

text: The priests of Cybele scourged themselves and others. Such stripes were considered sacred.[4]

text: Hard material can be affixed to multiple thongs to give a flesh-tearing "bite". A scourge with these additions is called a scorpion. Scorpio is Latin for a Roman flagrum and is referred to in the Bible: 1 Kings 12:11: "...My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions" said Rehoboam, referring to increased conscription and taxation beyond Solomon's. The name testifies to the pain caused by the arachnid. Testifying to its generous Roman application is the existence of the Latin words Flagrifer 'carrying a whip' and Flagritriba 'often-lashed slave'.[4]  According to the Gospel of John, Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, ordered Jesus to be scourged.[5]

text: Scourging was soon adopted as a sanction in the monastic discipline of the fifth and following centuries. Early in the fifth century it is mentioned by Palladius of Galatia in the Historia Lausiaca,[6] and Socrates Scholasticus[7] tells us that, instead of being excommunicated, offending young monks were scourged. (See the sixth-century rules of St. Cæsarius of Arles for nuns,[8] and of St. Aurelian of Arles.[9]) Thenceforth scourging is frequently mentioned in monastic rules and councils as a preservative of discipline.[10] Its use as a punishment was general in the seventh century in all monasteries of the severe Columban rule.[11]

text: Canon law (Decree of Gratian, Decretals of Gregory IX) recognized it as a punishment for ecclesiastics; even as late as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it appears in ecclesiastical legislation as a punishment for blasphemy, concubinage and simony. Though doubtless at an early date a private means of penance and mortification, such use is publicly exemplified in the tenth and eleventh centuries by the lives of St. Dominic Loricatus[12] and St. Peter Damian (died 1072). The latter wrote a special treatise in praise of self-flagellation; though blamed by some contemporaries for excess of zeal, his example and the high esteem in which he was held did much to popularize the voluntary use of a small scourge known as a discipline, as a means of mortification and penance. From then on the practice appeared in most medieval religious orders and associations.[4]

text: The practice was, of course, capable of abuse, as demonstrated in the thirteenth century by the rise of the fanatical sect of the Flagellants, though in the same period we meet with the private use of the "discipline" by such saintly persons as King Louis IX of France and Elisabeth of Hungary.[4]

text: Metaphoric use[edit]

text: Semi-literal usages such as "the scourge of God" for Attila the Hun (i.e. "God's whip with which to punish the nations") led to metaphoric uses to mean a severe affliction, e.g. "the scourge of drug abuse".

text: In Wicca[edit]

text: The scourge is described as one of the tools used in Wicca, primarily in the Gardnerian Tradition. The purpose of using the scourge is not to cause pain or to torture, but for purification purposes, particularly for Initiates. The scourge is a reminder to the coven members that one must suffer in order to learn. During the Initiation, the Initiate is scourged by the Initiator gently to follow the Three-Fold Law. It is also used during the Drawing Down the Moon Rite by the High Priestess.[citation needed]

text: In the Legend of the Descent of the Goddess, the Goddess is described as being scourged by the God for rebuffing his love when she goes to the Underworld to learn about death.[citation needed]


document_title: Date and time notation in the United States

question_text: how to write the date in english usa

question_tokens: how to write the date in english usa

text: Date[edit]

text: In the United States, dates are traditionally written in the "month-day-year" order, with neither increasing nor decreasing order of significance. This order is used in both the traditional all-numeric date (e.g., "1/21/18" or "01/21/2018") as well as in the expanded form (e.g., "January 21, 2016"—usually spoken with the year as a cardinal number and the day as an ordinal number, e.g., "January twenty-first, two thousand sixteen"), with the historical rationale that the year was often of lesser importance. The most commonly used separator in the all-numeric form is the slash (/), although the hyphen (-) and period (.) have also emerged in the all-numeric format recently due to globalization.

text: The day-month-year order has been increasing in usage since the early 1980s. The month is usually written as an abbreviated name, as in "19-Jul-1922". Many genealogical databases and the Modern Language Association citation style use this format. When filling in the Form I-94 cards and new customs declaration cards used for people entering the U.S., passengers are requested to write pertinent dates in the numeric "dd mm yy" format (e.g. "19 07 22"). Visas and passports issued by the U.S. State Department also use this format.

text: The fully written "day-month-year" (e.g., 25 August 2006) in written American English is becoming more common outside of the media industry and legal documents, particularly in university publications and in some internationally influenced publications as a means of dealing with ambiguity. However, most Americans (in most informal documents) would still write "August 25, 2006". Speaking the "day month year" format is still somewhat rare, with the exception of holidays such as the Fourth of July.

text: The year-month-day order, such as the ISO 8601 "YYYY-MM-DD" notation is popular in computer applications because it reduces the amount of code needed to resolve and compute dates. It is also commonly used in software cases where there are many separately dated items, such as documents or media, because sorting alphabetically will automatically result in the content being listed chronologically. Switching the U.S.'s traditional date format from month-day-year to year-month-day may be considered less of a break, since it preserves the familiar month-day order.

text: Two U.S. standards mandate the use of year-month-day formats: ANSI INCITS 30-1997 (R2008); and NIST FIPS PUB 4-2 (FIPS PUB 4-2 withdrawn in United States 2008-09-02[2]), the earliest of which is traceable back to 1968. This order is also used within the Federal Aviation Administration and military because of the need to eliminate ambiguity.

text: The United States military normally uses the "dd mmm yyyy" format for correspondence. The common month-day-year format is used when corresponding with civilians.[3][4] The military date notation is similar to the date notation in British English but is read cardinally (e.g. "Nineteen July") rather than ordinally (e.g. "The nineteenth of July").

text: Weeks are generally referred to by the date of some day within that week (e.g., "the week of May 25"), rather than by a week number. Holidays are an exception; such days are typically identified by a week number, relative to the day of the week on which the holiday is fixed, either from the beginning of the month (first, second, etc.) or end (last, and far more rarely penultimate and antepenultimate). For example, Thanksgiving is defined as being on "the fourth Thursday in November." Some such definitions are more complex. For example, election day is defined as "the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November" or "the first Tuesday after November 1".[5] Calendars mostly show Sunday as the first day of the week.

text: Time[edit]

text: The U.S. differs from other countries in that it uses 12-hour notation almost exclusively, not only in spoken language, but also in writing, even on timetables, for airline tickets, and computer software. The suffixes "a.m." and "p.m." (often represented as AM and PM) are appended universally in written language. Alternatively, people might specify "noon" or "midnight", after or instead of 12:00. (Business events, which are increasingly scheduled using groupware calendar applications, are less vulnerable to such ambiguity, since the software itself can be modified to take care of the naming conventions.) Where the a.m.–p.m. convention is inconvenient typographically (e.g., in dense tables), different fonts or colors are sometimes used instead. The most common usage in transport timetables for air, rail, bus, etc. is to use lightface for a.m. times and boldface for p.m. times.

text: 24-hour usage[edit]

text: The 24-hour notation is rarely used so far in the U.S. in common conversation.

text: It is best known for its use by the military, and therefore commonly called "military time". In U.S. military use, 24-hour time is traditionally written without a colon (1800 instead of 18:00) and in spoken language in the Army, but not the Navy or Marine Corps, is followed by the word "hours" (e.g., "eighteen hundred hours").

text: The 24-hour notation is also widely used by astronomers, hospitals, various forms of transportation, and at radio and other broadcast media outlets behind the scenes where scheduling programming needs to be exact, without mistaking AM and PM. In these cases, exact and unambiguous communication of time is critical. If someone mistakes 5:00 AM for 5:00 PM in a hospital for example, when medication or other medical treatment is needed at a certain time, the outcome could be critical. Thus 24-hour time (5:00 PM written as 17:00) is used.

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Some style guides and most people suggest not to use a leading zero with a single-digit hour; for example, "3:52 p.m." is preferred over "03:52 p.m.". (The leading zero is more commonly used with the 24-hour notation; especially in computer applications because it can help to maintain column alignment in tables and correct sorting order, and also because it helps to highlight the 24-hour character of the given time.)

text: Times of day ending in :00 minutes may be pronounced as the numbered hour followed by o'clock (e.g., 10:00 ten o'clock, 2:00 two o'clock, 4:00 four o'clock, etc.). This may be followed by the a.m. or p.m. designator, or might not be, if obvious. O'clock itself may be omitted, leaving a time such as four a.m. or four p.m. Instead of "a.m." and "p.m.," times can also be described as "in the morning", "in the afternoon," "in the evening," or "at night."

text: The minutes (other than :00) may be pronounced in a variety of ways:

text: Minutes :01 through :09 are usually pronounced as oh one through oh nine. :10 through :59 are their usual number-words. For example, "9:45 a.m." is usually pronounced "nine forty-five" or sometimes "nine forty-five a.m."

text: Times of day from :01 to :29 minutes past the hour are commonly pronounced with the words "after" or "past", for example 10:17 being "seventeen after ten" or "seventeen past ten". :15 minutes is very commonly called "quarter after" or "quarter past" and :30 minutes universally "half past", e.g., 4:30, "half past four". Times of day from :31 to :59 are, by contrast, given subtractively with the words "to", "of", "until", or "till": 12:55 would be pronounced as "five to one" or "five of one". :45 minutes is pronounced as "quarter to", "quarter of", "quarter until", or "quarter till".

text: For example, "9:45 a.m." is often pronounced "fifteen till ten" or "quarter to ten", or sometimes "quarter to ten in the morning" (but rarely "quarter to ten a.m.").

text: However, it is always acceptable to pronounce the time using number words and the aforementioned "oh" convention, for example, 12:55 "twelve fifty-five", 12:09 "twelve oh-nine", 12:30 "twelve thirty", and 12:15 "twelve fifteen".

text: Date-time group[edit]

text: The Department of State and the Department of Defense timestamp their reports and messages with text date-time groups formatted as DDHHMM(X) MMMYY, where DD represents the 2-digit day of the month, HHMM is 24-hour time, X is an alphabetic character that indicates the time zone (ideally this should be Z for "Zulu time" in UTC to avoid misunderstandings about the time and day, but L for "local time" may also be used), MMM is the abbreviated month, and YY is the last two digits of the year. For example, 091630(Z) JUL 11 represents 16:30 UTC on 9 July 2011.[6] The DDHHMMZ format is also used worldwide in aviation meteorology for timestamps in METAR and TAF weather reports (month and year are omitted altogether due to very limited validity of these reports).