document_title: Seniority in the United States Senate

question_text: majority party member with the most seniority is called

text: Seniority in the United States Senate

text: Benefits of seniority[edit]

text: The United States Constitution does not mandate differences in rights or power, but Senate rules give more power to senators with more seniority. Generally, senior senators will have more power, especially within their own caucuses. In addition, by custom, senior senators from the president's party control federal patronage appointments in their states.

text: The president pro tempore of the Senate is traditionally the most senior member of the majority party.

text: There are several benefits, including the following:

text:
Senators are given preferential treatment in choosing committee assignments based on seniority. Seniority on a committee is based on length of time serving on that committee, which means a senator may rank above another in committee seniority but be more junior in the full Senate. Although the committee chairmanship is an elected position, it is traditionally given to the most senior senator of the majority party serving on the committee, and not already holding a conflicting position such as chairmanship of another committee. The ranking member of a committee (called the vice-chairman in some select committees) is elected in the same way.
Greater seniority enables a senator to choose a desk closer to the front of the Senate Chamber.
Senators with higher seniority may choose to move into better office space as those offices are vacated.
Seniority determines the ranking in the United States order of precedence although other factors, such as being a former President or First Lady, can place an individual higher in the order of precedence.

text: Determining the beginning of a term[edit]

text: A term does not necessarily coincide with the date the Senate convenes or when the new Senator is sworn in. In the case of Senators first elected in a general election for the upcoming Congress, their terms begin on the first day of the new Congress.[citation needed] Since 1935, that means January 3 of odd-numbered years. The seniority date for an appointed senator is the date of the appointment, not necessarily the date of taking the oath of office.[citation needed] In the case of Senators taking vacant seats in special elections, the term begins on Election Day.[citation needed] However, in both of these cases, if the incoming Senator is a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives at the time, he/she must resign from the House before her/his term in the Senate begins.

text: Determining length of seniority[edit]

text: A senator's seniority is primarily determined by length of continuous service; for example, a senator who has served for 12 years is more senior than one who has served for 10 years. Because several new senators usually join at the beginning of a new Congress, seniority is determined by prior federal or state government service. These tiebreakers in order are:[1]

text:
Former Senator
Former Vice President
Former House member
Former Cabinet secretary
Former state Governor
Population of state based on the most recent census when the senator took office
Alphabetical by last name (in case two senators came from the same state on the same day and have identical credentials)

tag: ol

text: When more than one senator has served in the same previous role, length of time in that prior office is used to break the tie. For instance, Ben Cardin, Bernie Sanders, Sherrod Brown, Bob Casey, Bob Corker, Claire McCaskill, Amy Klobuchar, Sheldon Whitehouse and Jon Tester took office on January 3, 2007, and the first three senators mentioned had previously served in the House of Representatives. Cardin, having served 20 years, is more senior than Sanders, who served 16, in turn is more senior than Brown who served 14 years. Casey is more senior than Corker because as of the 2000 census, Pennsylvania's population outranks that of Tennessee's, McCaskill is more senior than Klobuchar because Missouri's population outranked that of Minnesota, and the latter is more senior than Whitehouse because the latter's home state outranked Rhode Island's population, meanwhile Tester's home state of Montana had the least population amongst the freshmen class of 2006, thus he was ranked 100 in seniority when the 110th Congress convened.

text: Current seniority list[edit]

text: Only relevant factors are listed below. For senators whose seniority is based on their state's respective population, the state population ranking is given as determined by the relevant United States Census current at the time they first took their seat.[2][3][4][5]

text:
Republican R (52)        Democratic D (46)        Independent I (2)

Current
rank
Historical
rank:[6][1]
Senator
Party-State
Seniority date
First tie-breaker
Second tie-breaker
Committee and leadership positions

1
1692

Leahy, PatrickPatrick Leahy
D-Vermont
January 3, 1975

Ranking Member: Appropriations
President pro tempore emeritus

2
1708

Hatch, OrrinOrrin Hatch
R-Utah
January 3, 1977
President pro tempore
Chair: Finance

3
1719

Cochran, ThadThad Cochran
R-Mississippi
December 27, 1978[n 1]
Chair: Appropriations

4
1745

Grassley, ChuckChuck Grassley
R-Iowa
January 3, 1981
Chair: Judiciary

5
1766

McConnell, MitchMitch McConnell
R-Kentucky
January 3, 1985
Majority Leader

6
1775

Shelby, RichardRichard Shelby
R-Alabama[n 2]
January 3, 1987
Former Representative (8 years)
Chair: Rules

7
1777

McCain, JohnJohn McCain
R-Arizona
Former Representative (4 years)
Chair: Armed Services

8
1801

Feinstein, DianneDianne Feinstein
D-California
November 4, 1992

Ranking Member: Judiciary

9
1810

Murray, PattyPatty Murray
D-Washington
January 3, 1993
Ranking Member: HELP
Assistant Minority Leader

10
1816

Inhofe, JimJim Inhofe
R-Oklahoma
November 16, 1994

11
1827

Wyden, RonRon Wyden
D-Oregon
February 6, 1996
Ranking Member: Finance

12
1830

Roberts, PatPat Roberts
R-Kansas
January 3, 1997
Former Representative (16 years)
Chair: Agriculture

13
1831

Durbin, DickDick Durbin
D-Illinois
Former Representative (14 years)
Minority Whip

14
1835

Reed, JackJack Reed
D-Rhode Island
Former Representative (6 years)
Ranking Member: Armed Services

15
1842

Collins, SusanSusan Collins
R-Maine
Maine 38th in population (1990)
Chair: Aging

16
1843

Enzi, MikeMike Enzi
R-Wyoming
Wyoming 50th in population (1990)
Chair: Budget

17
1844

Schumer, ChuckChuck Schumer
D-New York
January 3, 1999
Former Representative (18 years)
Minority Leader

18
1846

Crapo, MikeMike Crapo
R-Idaho
Former Representative (6 years)
Chair: Banking

19
1854

Nelson, BillBill Nelson
D-Florida
January 3, 2001
Former Representative (12 years)
Ranking Member: Commerce

20
1855

Carper, TomTom Carper
D-Delaware
Former Representative (10 years)
Ranking Member: Environment

21
1856

Stabenow, DebbieDebbie Stabenow
D-Michigan
Former Representative (4 years)
Ranking Member: Agriculture
Democratic Policy Committee Chair

22
1859

Cantwell, MariaMaria Cantwell[n 3]
D-Washington
Former Representative (2 years)
Ranking Member: Energy

23
1873

Murkowski, LisaLisa Murkowski
R-Alaska
December 20, 2002[n 1]

Chair: Energy

24
1867

Graham, LindseyLindsey Graham
R-South Carolina
January 3, 2003
Former Representative

25
1869

Alexander, LamarLamar Alexander
R-Tennessee
Former Cabinet member
Chair: HELP

26
1871

Cornyn, JohnJohn Cornyn[n 4]
R-Texas

Majority Whip

27
1876

Burr, RichardRichard Burr
R-North Carolina
January 3, 2005
Former Representative (10 years)
Chair: Intelligence

28
1879

Thune, JohnJohn Thune
R-South Dakota
Former Representative (6 years)
Chair: Commerce
Republican Conference Chair

29
1880

Isakson, JohnnyJohnny Isakson
R-Georgia
Former Representative (5 yrs., 10 mos.)
Chair: Veterans' Affairs
Chair: Ethics

30
1885

Menendez, BobBob Menendez
D-New Jersey
January 17, 2006[n 1]

31
1886

Cardin, BenBen Cardin
D-Maryland
January 3, 2007
Former Representative (20 years)
Ranking Member: Foreign Relations

32
1887

Sanders, BernieBernie Sanders
I-Vermont[n 5]
Former Representative (16 years)
Ranking Member: Budget

33
1888

Brown, SherrodSherrod Brown
D-Ohio
Former Representative (14 years)
Ranking Member: Banking

34
1890

Casey Jr., BobBob Casey Jr.
D-Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania 6th in population (2000)
Ranking Member: Aging

35
1891

Corker, BobBob Corker
R-Tennessee
Tennessee 16th in population (2000)
Chair: Foreign Relations

36
1892

McCaskill, ClaireClaire McCaskill
D-Missouri
Missouri 17th in population (2000)
Ranking Member: Homeland Security

37
1893

Klobuchar, AmyAmy Klobuchar
D-Minnesota
Minnesota 21st in population (2000)
Ranking Member: Rules

38
1894

Whitehouse, SheldonSheldon Whitehouse
D-Rhode Island
Rhode Island 43rd in population (2000)

39
1895

Tester, JonJon Tester
D-Montana
Montana 44th in population (2000)
Ranking Member: Veterans' Affairs

40
1896

Barrasso, JohnJohn Barrasso
R-Wyoming
June 22, 2007[n 1]

Chair: Environment
Republican Policy Committee Chair

41
1897

Wicker, RogerRoger Wicker
R-Mississippi
December 31, 2007[n 1]

42
1899

Udall, TomTom Udall
D-New Mexico
January 3, 2009
Former Representative
Vice Chair: Indian Affairs

43
1901

Shaheen, JeanneJeanne Shaheen
D-New Hampshire
Former Governor (6 years)
Ranking Member: Small Business

44
1902

Warner, MarkMark Warner
D-Virginia
Former Governor (4 years)
Vice Chair: Intelligence
Democratic Caucus Vice Chair

45
1903

Risch, JimJim Risch
R-Idaho
Former Governor (7 months)
Chair: Small Business

46
1905

Merkley, JeffJeff Merkley
D-Oregon

47
1909

Bennet, MichaelMichael Bennet
D-Colorado
January 21, 2009[n 1]

48
1910

Gillibrand, KirstenKirsten Gillibrand
D-New York
January 26, 2009[n 1]

49
1911

Franken, AlAl Franken
D-Minnesota
July 7, 2009[n 6]

50
1916

Manchin, JoeJoe Manchin
D-West Virginia
November 15, 2010
Former Governor

51
1917

Coons, ChrisChris Coons
D-Delaware

Vice Chair: Ethics

52
1919

Blunt, RoyRoy Blunt
R-Missouri
January 3, 2011
Former Representative (14 years)
Missouri 17th in population (2000)
Republican Conference Vice Chair

53
1920

Moran, JerryJerry Moran
R-Kansas
Kansas 33rd in population (2000)

54
1921

Portman, RobRob Portman
R-Ohio
Former Representative (12 years)

55
1922

Boozman, JohnJohn Boozman
R-Arkansas
Former Representative (10 years)

56
1923

Toomey, PatPat Toomey
R-Pennsylvania
Former Representative (6 years)

57
1924

Hoeven, JohnJohn Hoeven
R-North Dakota
Former Governor
Chair: Indian Affairs

58
1925

Rubio, MarcoMarco Rubio
R-Florida
Florida 4th in population (2000)

59
1926

Johnson, RonRon Johnson
R-Wisconsin
Wisconsin 20th in population (2000)
Chair: Homeland Security

60
1927

Paul, RandRand Paul
R-Kentucky
Kentucky 25th in population (2000)

61
1928

Blumenthal, RichardRichard Blumenthal
D-Connecticut
Connecticut 29th in population (2000)

62
1929

Lee, MikeMike Lee
R-Utah
Utah 34th in population (2000)

63
1931

Heller, DeanDean Heller
R-Nevada
May 9, 2011[n 1]

64
1932

Schatz, BrianBrian Schatz
D-Hawaii
December 26, 2012[n 1]

65
1933

Scott, TimTim Scott
R-South Carolina
January 2, 2013[n 1]

66
1934

Baldwin, TammyTammy Baldwin
D-Wisconsin
January 3, 2013
Former Representative (14 years)
Democratic Caucus Secretary

67
1935

Flake, JeffJeff Flake
R-Arizona
Former Representative (12 years)

68
1936

Donnelly, JoeJoe Donnelly
D-Indiana
Former Representative (6 years)
Indiana 15th in population (2010)

69
1937

Murphy, ChrisChris Murphy
D-Connecticut
Connecticut 29th in population (2010)

70
1938

Hirono, MazieMazie Hirono
D-Hawaii
Hawaii 40th in population (2010)

71
1939

Heinrich, MartinMartin Heinrich
D-New Mexico
Former Representative (4 years)

72
1940

King, AngusAngus King
I-Maine
Former Governor (8 years)

73
1941

Kaine, TimTim Kaine
D-Virginia
Former Governor (4 years)

74
1942

Cruz, TedTed Cruz
R-Texas
Texas 2nd in population (2010)

75
1943

Warren, ElizabethElizabeth Warren
D-Massachusetts
Massachusetts 14th in population (2010)
Democratic Caucus Vice Chair

76
1944

Fischer, DebDeb Fischer
R-Nebraska
Nebraska 38th in population (2010)

77
1945

Heitkamp, HeidiHeidi Heitkamp
D-North Dakota
North Dakota 48th in population (2010)

78
1948

Markey, EdEd Markey
D-Massachusetts
July 16, 2013

79
1949

Booker, CoryCory Booker
D-New Jersey
October 31, 2013

80
1951

Capito, Shelley MooreShelley Moore Capito
R-West Virginia
January 3, 2015
Former Representative (14 years)

81
1952

Peters, GaryGary Peters
D-Michigan
Former Representative (6 years)
Michigan 8th in population (2010)

82
1953

Cassidy, BillBill Cassidy[n 7]
R-Louisiana
Louisiana 25th in population (2010)

83
1954

Gardner, CoryCory Gardner
R-Colorado
Former Representative (4 years)
Colorado 22nd in population (2010)
NRSC Chair

84
1955

Lankford, JamesJames Lankford
R-Oklahoma
Oklahoma 28th in population (2010)

85
1956

Cotton, TomTom Cotton
R-Arkansas
Former Representative (2 years)
Arkansas 32nd in population (2010)

86
1957

Daines, SteveSteve Daines
R-Montana
Montana 44th in population (2010)

87
1958

Rounds, MikeMike Rounds
R-South Dakota
Former Governor

88
1959

Perdue, DavidDavid Perdue
R-Georgia
Georgia 9th in population (2010)

89
1960

Tillis, ThomThom Tillis
R-North Carolina
North Carolina 10th in population (2010)

90
1961

Ernst, JoniJoni Ernst
R-Iowa
Iowa 30th in population (2010)

91
1962

Sasse, BenBen Sasse
R-Nebraska
Nebraska 38th in population (2010)

92
1963

Sullivan, DanDan Sullivan
R-Alaska
Alaska 47th in population (2010)

93
1964

Van Hollen, ChrisChris Van Hollen
D-Maryland
January 3, 2017
Former Representative (14 years)
DSCC Chair

94
1965

Young, ToddTodd Young
R-Indiana
Former Representative (6 years)

95
1966

Duckworth, TammyTammy Duckworth
D-Illinois
Former Representative (4 years)

96
1967

Hassan, MaggieMaggie Hassan
D-New Hampshire
Former Governor

97
1968

Harris, KamalaKamala Harris
D-California
California 1st in population (2010)

98
1969

Kennedy, John NeelyJohn Neely Kennedy
R-Louisiana
Louisiana 25th in population (2010)

99
1970

Cortez Masto, CatherineCatherine Cortez Masto
D-Nevada
Nevada 35th in population (2010)

100
1971

Strange, LutherLuther Strange
R-Alabama
February 9, 2017[n 1]

Rank
Historical
rank
Senator
Party-State
Seniority date
First tie-breaker
Second tie-breaker
Committee and leadership positions


document_title: Pilot (Lost)

question_text: who is the pilot in lost episode 1

question_tokens: who is the pilot in lost episode 1

root

text: Pilot (Lost)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Part 1[edit]

text: On September 22, 2004, Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) awakens disoriented in the jungle and notices a yellow Labrador retriever (Madison) darting through the bamboo forest. Following the path it came from, Jack runs haphazardly through the jungle to a beach, where he is confronted by the carnage of the airplane crash of Oceanic Flight 815. Jack, a surgeon, administers medical aid to the survivors, assisting the pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin), enlisting Hurley (Jorge Garcia) to watch her, and administering CPR to Rose Henderson (L. Scott Caldwell), saving her life. After the initial shock passes, Jack retreats to a quiet area beyond the beach to tend to his own injuries, when he notices Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) passing through the jungle. He asks her for assistance, which she gives by helping suture a wound on his back. Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews) organizes a clean-up crew, while Hurley salvages meals from the plane's galley and distributes them to the survivors. Shannon Rutherford (Maggie Grace) refuses chocolate offered by her brother Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder), believing that rescue is imminent. A Korean man, Jin-Soo Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim), tells his wife, Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim), in Korean that she should remain close to him at all times.

tag: p

text: That night, as Jack and Kate decide to search for the plane cockpit as its transceiver would allow the survivors to send a distress signal, loud roaring noises and crashing trees are heard in the nearby jungle. The following morning, the two are accompanied by Charlie Pace (Dominic Monaghan) on their way into the jungle. The cockpit is found leaning against a tree, forcing the trio to climb it to reach the cabin. Charlie disappears into the bathroom while Jack and Kate awaken the concussed pilot (Greg Grunberg) in the cabin. The pilot tells them that the plane had lost radio contact six hours after take off, where it turned back for Fiji and hit wake turbulence. After estimating that the flight was 1,000 miles off course before it crashed, the pilot tries using the transceiver, but cannot get a signal. Suddenly the strange roaring noises heard on the beach the previous night return, and when the pilot investigates, he is seized by something outside and blood splatters on the window, prompting the trio to grab the transceiver and flee. During the escape, Charlie falls and Jack returns to help him, while a terrified Kate runs on. After the monster disappears, Kate, Charlie and Jack reunite and find the pilot's bloodied corpse suspended in a treetop.

text: Flashbacks[edit]

text: On the airplane, Jack jokingly tells a flight attendant named Cindy (Kimberley Joseph) that his alcoholic drink is not strong, and she gives him a stronger one. Charlie runs by while being called after by flight attendants before turbulence shakes the plane, scaring Rose, who is sitting across from Jack. The two talk, and Rose mentions that her husband is in the bathroom. The plane gets exceptionally shaky, causing a man to hit the plane's ceiling and oxygen masks to fall.

text: Part 2[edit]

text: Jack, Kate, and Charlie head back to the beach, where ten-year-old Walt Lloyd (Malcolm David Kelley) discovers a pair of handcuffs, which he shows to his father, Michael Dawson (Harold Perrineau). Afterwards, James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) attacks Sayid, claiming he is a terrorist who blew up the plane, but they are soon stopped by Jack and Michael. Sayid repairs the transceiver, but it has little battery life and does not have a signal. He explains to Kate that by heading up the mountains to higher ground, they might be able to acquire a signal. They decide to go inland, and Charlie, Sawyer, Shannon and Boone soon follow them. Along the way, they are attacked by a charging polar bear, which Sawyer shoots and kills. When asked about where he found the gun, Sawyer says he took it from a dead U.S. Marshal. Sayid accuses Sawyer of being the marshal's prisoner. Kate takes the gun from Sawyer and Sayid instructs her on how to dismantle it.

text: Back at the beach, the marshal (Fredric Lane) wakes up as Jack is suturing him, and asks Jack, "Where is she?" Inland, Sayid turns on the transceiver and it has a signal. However, it is being blocked by a looping transmission in French, which Shannon translates as "I'm alone now, on the island alone. Please someone come. The others... they're dead. It killed them. It killed them all." Sayid calculates that it has been repeating for over sixteen years before Charlie says, "Guys, where are we?"

text: Flashbacks[edit]

text: An anxious Charlie runs to the bathroom, where he locks himself to snort heroin. After the plane becomes shaky, Charlie is slammed against the bathroom ceiling, and decides to leave. After being nearly hit by a refreshment cart, Charlie rushes to a seat several rows back and straps himself in as the plane shakes.

text: Kate is revealed to be the marshal's prisoner, wearing the handcuffs that Walt found in the jungle. As the turbulence hits, the marshal is knocked unconscious by a falling suitcase. Kate struggles to put on her oxygen mask due to the handcuffs, so she uncuffs herself using the marshal's keys and puts the marshal's oxygen mask on him before attaching her own, at which point the tail end of the plane suddenly breaks off and flies away.

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception and writing[edit]

text: The series began development in the summer of 2003, when ABC senior vice president Thom Sherman decided to order from Spelling Television a script based on an idea of network president Lloyd Braun, who envisioned a series that was a cross between the novel Lord of the Flies, the movie Cast Away, the television series Gilligan's Island, and the popular reality show Survivor.[4] Braun had titled his concept Lost after a failed reality show that had broadcast in 2001.[5] Writer Jeffrey Lieber was contacted by Spelling's vice president of series development Ted Gold, and in September 2003 pitched to ABC the concepts for what he called Nowhere. Sherman approved the idea and hired Lieber to write a script, but Braun wound up rejecting Lieber's draft and subsequent rewrites.[6] In January 2004 Braun contacted J. J. Abrams, who developed the TV series Alias for ABC, to write a new pilot script, which would retain the title Lost.[7] Although initially hesitant, Abrams warmed up to the idea on the condition that the series would have a supernatural angle to it and he was assigned a writing partner.[8][9] ABC executive Heather Kadin sent him Damon Lindelof, who had long intended to meet Abrams as he wished to write for Alias.[10] Together, Abrams and Lindelof developed the characters and plot of Lost, along with creating a series "bible" which would store the major mythological ideas and plot points for an ideal five to six season run for the show.[11][12] Lindelof and Abrams worked between January 13 and 16, when Lindelof sent a 21–page outline to ABC's executives. A complete first draft of the pilot script was delivered on February 24, and the teleplay kept on being revised, with the final script arriving on April 19.[5] The development of the show was constrained by tight deadlines, as it had been commissioned late in the 2004 season's development cycle and Braun estimated that the whole process from writing to post-production took 6 to 8 weeks.[7] Despite the short schedule, the creative team remained flexible enough to modify or create characters to fit actors they wished to cast.[13]

text: Though Abrams and Lindelof did not use Lieber's work as inspiration for their own, Lieber's request for arbitration at the Writer's Guild of America pointing out the similarities in both scripts earned him a story credit. Lieber would later say the series would drift much from his concepts in Nowhere, declaring Lost was "more like Lord of the Rings than Lord of the Flies".[6] Writer-producer Anthony Spinner later sued ABC on the accounts that he submitted a script titled "L.O.S.T." to the network in 1977, but the case was dismissed on the accounts that none of the people involved with Lost had read Spinner's work.[5]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In the initial plans for the series, Jack was going to die midway through the first episode. The role of Jack was originally offered to Michael Keaton, but when the producers quickly changed their minds about Jack's death, making him the leader, Keaton gave up the job. After Matthew Fox's casting as Jack, the character was established as a leader, and the airplane pilot was introduced to take Jack's place as The Monster's first victim.[14] The pilot wound up being played by Greg Grunberg, a childhood friend of Abrams who the producer brings into most of his projects.[15] Around seventy-five women of different shapes, sizes, ethnicities and ages auditioned to be Kate. In the initial plans, Kate would emerge as the leader after Jack died. She was not going to be a fugitive, instead her husband was going to go to the bathroom shortly before the plane split in mid air, and she would remain adamant on the Island that he was alive. This ended up being used for Rose's (L. Scott Caldwell) character instead. The producers were impressed with Canadian Evangeline Lilly's audition for Kate, as she displayed the confidence with vulnerability that they were looking for. As this was Lilly's first role, she had difficulty obtaining a visa to work in America. She was supposed to start on the first day of filming, but the schedule was rearranged to give her more time, and in the meantime, the producers began auditioning again in case the visa did not come through. However, during one of the auditions, they got an email confirming that she had obtained her visa and could start work on the show.[14]

text: Matthew Fox, Dominic Monaghan and Jorge Garcia originally auditioned for the role of Sawyer, who at the time was supposed to be a suit-wearing city con man, but the role was given to Josh Holloway. Garcia was the first actor the producers knew they were going to cast. While the producers thought Garcia was spectacular, they did not think he fit in the role of Sawyer, so they created the Hurley character for him instead.[14] When Holloway auditioned for Sawyer, the producers liked his southern accent and the edge he brought to the character (Holloway reportedly forgot his lines and kicked a chair in frustration). The producers knew he did not suit the role, but thought he was very watchable, so they rewrote the role to suit him, making him more feral, Southern, but kept the same intelligence he originally had.[14] After appearing in The Lord of the Rings, Dominic Monaghan was offered many fantasy-based roles, like elves and pixies. He was keen to portray a different role, so he wanted a contemporary part that had layers and an edge. Originally Charlie was an older rocker that has been a big hit in the 1980s but now had a heroin addiction. After the producers enjoyed Monaghan's audition of Sawyer, they decided to cast him as Charlie and rewrote the script to make Charlie a young has-been instead.[14]

text: When the producers were auditioning actors for roles in Lost, Harold Perrineau was in the area.[14] The producers called it a "natural move" to have him audition.[14] Although initially skeptical about the show, he took the role when Lost creator J. J. Abrams explained more about it.[14] A lot of children were seen for the role of Walt. They were narrowed down to the top three, with Malcolm David Kelley winning it, after the producers were impressed with his role in Antwone Fisher.[14] Abrams had worked with Terry O'Quinn previously on Alias, and was keen to work with him again. He explained to O'Quinn that although the role in the first episodes would be fairly small, the character will develop afterwards. O'Quinn took the role as he trusted Abrams. He was also the only character who did not have to officially audition for a part of a main character.[14] The producers were looking for someone who had a "Paris Hilton quality" to play Shannon, but she could not just be shallow, as the storyline would require more than that. A lot of women were auditioned before the producers finally settled on Maggie Grace.[14] She was written to be an antipathetic character in the first season as the producers needed a character they could use to create opposition and conflict.[16] Unlike many other characters of the first season, who were rewritten based on their actors, Boone was largely the same through production. He was originally going to be named Boone Anthony Markham V, going by the nickname, "Five". Ian Somerhalder was cast in the role, but he did not want to shoot a pilot; however, he jumped at the opportunity once he found out he would be working with Abrams.[14]

text: Lost was planned to be a multi-cultural show with an international cast. The producers thought it was essential that an Australian was cast for the part of Claire, and the Oceanic 815 was leaving from Sydney. Emilie de Ravin was working in Edmonton, so was unable to go to the auditions, which were being held in Los Angeles. From a video she sent to the producers, they were able to tell that de Ravin had the youth and sweetness required for the role, but also looked as though she had some life experience.[14] Sayid was not in the original draft of the pilot episode, but executive consultant Jeff Pinkner had worked with Naveen Andrews on a short-lived ABC series called The Beast, and was keen to have him on Lost. The producers were surprised that Andrews was interested in the role. When they cast him, all Andrews was told was that Sayid was from Iraq and had been in the army.[14] Yunjin Kim originally auditioned for Kate. At her audition she told the producers that she spoke fluent Korean, having been raised in South Korea, where she had starred in several films. The producers were impressed with Kim's performance and wrote her the character of Sun, who was planned to be someone who could not speak English, but after examining her relationship with her husband, the audience would learn that she does in fact speak it. Daniel Dae Kim was cast in the role of Jin, Sun's husband. Dae Kim described his audition as a "really interesting experience". He found it especially hard as it was his first time acting in Korean, and he had not spoken in it regularly since being in high school, when he would talk to his parents.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on March 11, 2004, with soundstage shooting in Los Angeles for the scenes set inside the flight.[9] The primary location was the Hawaiian island of Oahu.[17] The wreckage of Flight 815 was made with a Lockheed L-1011 built in 1972 and previously used by Delta Air Lines until 1998, that after being purchased by ABC was broken up and sent to Hawaii by ship.[18] The purchasing, shipping, and dressing of the aircraft body accounted for most of the pilot's budget,[19] which at an estimated $10 to $14 million was the most expensive pilot episode up to that time.[20][21] Greenlighting such an expensive and risky project amidst ABC's low ratings eventually led Braun to be fired by The Walt Disney Company, ABC's parent company.[8]

text: J. J. Abrams decided not to do aerial shots to avoid revealing too much of the island, and also because he felt that the different point of view could confuse audiences.[22] Filming wrapped on April 24, Lindelof's birthday.[23] Extensive usage of visual effects, particularly bluescreen, was used in the pilot. One effect in particular was re-shot just before part 2 was broadcast. The scene involving a stuffed polar bear was used for a pre-broadcast commercial and was freeze framed and mocked on the internet, prompting ABC to replace it with a CGI bear.[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The pilot episode's world premiere was on July 24, 2004 at Comic-Con International in San Diego.[24] Part 1 had its first ABC broadcast on September 22, 2004, reaching a ratings record for a pilot episode, with 18.6 million viewers,[25] and on the following week, part 2 scored 10.5/17 on the Nielsen ratings, watched by 17 million viewers.[26] Both parts aired on the same night for its first UK broadcast on Channel 4, August 10, 2005, and it became an instant hit. It was the second most watched programme for Channel 4 for that week, with ratings of 6.75 million, second only to Big Brother.[27]

text: Reviews were favorable upon release. IGN gave it a 10/10 score declaring that Lost "delivers on every promise it makes to its audience."[28] In IGN's 2008 series of "Flashback Reviews", IGN's Chris Carabott changed the scores; he gave part 1 a 9.5/10, saying that the show's mysteries "would keep many of us captivated for the next four years"; he gave part 2 a 9/10, saying that "It really is a roller coaster of emotion and that sense of dread that sets in here is brilliantly portrayed."[29][30] Entertainment Weekly gave an 'A', stating that even non-science fiction and fantasy fans can like it,[31] and USA Today gave it 4 stars praising the cast.[32] The Futon Critic later chose the pilot as the fifth best TV episode of 2004.[33] TV Guide ranked the episode fifth on a list of the top 100 television episodes of all time.[34] For its 65th anniversary, TV Guide picked it as the second best episode of the 21st century.[35]

text: At the 2005 Emmy Awards, Lost won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series. J. J. Abrams won an Emmy for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the pilot, with Mary Jo Markey winning Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series and Michael Giacchino winning Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore). The show in general won Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series and Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series, while receiving additional nominations for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Writing for Drama Series.[36][37][38] Casting director April Webster won an Artios Award for her work in the pilot.[39] The first part of the pilot also won two Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing in Television Short Form: Sound Effects & Foley and Dialogue & ADR,[40] and a VES Award for visual effects.[41] The episode was nominated for a Hugo Award and awards from the American Society of Cinematographers, Art Directors Guild and Directors Guild of America.[42][43][44][45] "Pilot", along with "House of the Rising Sun" and "The Moth", won a Prism Award for Charlie's drug storyline.[46]


document_title: List of international goals scored by Cristiano Ronaldo

question_text: how many goals does ronaldo have in portugal

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Goal
Date
Venue
Opponent
Score
Result
Competition

1
12 June 2004
Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal
 Greece
1–2
1–2
UEFA Euro 2004

2
30 June 2004
Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal
 Netherlands
1–0
2–1
UEFA Euro 2004

3
4 September 2004
Skonto Stadium, Riga, Latvia
 Latvia
1–0
2–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

4
8 September 2004
Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal
 Estonia
1–0
4–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

5
13 October 2004
Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal
 Russia
2–0
7–1
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

6
4–0

7
17 November 2004
Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
 Luxembourg
2–0
5–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

8
4 June 2005
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Slovakia
2–0
2–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

9
8 June 2005
A. Le Coq Arena, Tallinn, Estonia
 Estonia
1–0
1–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification

10
1 March 2006
LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany
 Saudi Arabia
1–0
3–0
Friendly

11
3–0

12
17 June 2006
Waldstadion, Frankfurt, Germany
 Iran
2–0
2–0
2006 FIFA World Cup

13
7 October 2006
Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal
 Azerbaijan
1–0
3–0
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

14
3–0

15
15 November 2006
Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
 Kazakhstan
2–0
3–0
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

16
24 March 2007
Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal
 Belgium
2–0
4–0
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

17
4–0

18
22 August 2007
Hanrapetakan Stadium, Yerevan, Armenia
 Armenia
1–1
1–1
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

19
8 September 2007
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Poland
2–1
2–2
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

20
17 October 2007
Almaty Central Stadium, Almaty, Kazakhstan
 Kazakhstan
2–0
2–1
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification

21
11 June 2008
Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
 Czech Republic
2–1
3–1
UEFA Euro 2008

22
11 February 2009
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Finland
1–0
1–0
Friendly

23
21 June 2010
Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa
 North Korea
6–0
7–0
2010 FIFA World Cup

24
8 October 2010
Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal
 Denmark
3–1
3–1
UEFA Euro 2012 qualification

25
12 October 2010
Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, Iceland
 Iceland
1–0
3–1
UEFA Euro 2012 qualification

26
9 February 2011
Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
 Argentina
1–1
1–2
Friendly

27
10 August 2011
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Luxembourg
2–0
5–0
Friendly

28
2 September 2011
GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus
 Cyprus
1–0
4–0
UEFA Euro 2012 qualification

29
2–0

30
11 October 2011
Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark
 Denmark
1–2
1–2
UEFA Euro 2012 qualification

31
15 November 2011
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1–0
6–2
UEFA Euro 2012 qualification

32
3–1

33
17 June 2012
Metalist Stadium, Kharkiv, Ukraine
 Netherlands
1–1
2–1
UEFA Euro 2012

34
2–1

35
21 June 2012
National Stadium, Warsaw, Poland
 Czech Republic
1–0
1–0
UEFA Euro 2012

36
15 August 2012
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Panama
2–0
2–0
Friendly

37
7 September 2012
Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
 Luxembourg
1–1
2–1
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

38
6 February 2013
Estádio D. Afonso Henriques, Guimarães, Portugal
 Ecuador
1–1
2–3
Friendly

39
10 June 2013
Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
 Croatia
1–0
1–0
Friendly

40
14 August 2013
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Netherlands
1–1
1–1
Friendly

41
6 September 2013
Windsor Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland
 Northern Ireland
2–2
4–2
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

42
3–2

43
4–2

44
15 November 2013
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Sweden
1–0
1–0
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

45
19 November 2013
Friends Arena, Solna, Sweden
 Sweden
1–0
3–2
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification

46
2–2

47
3–2

48
5 March 2014
Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal
 Cameroon
1–0
5–1
Friendly

49
5–1

50
26 June 2014
Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha, Brasília, Brazil
 Ghana
2–1
2–1
2014 FIFA World Cup

51
14 October 2014
Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark
 Denmark
1–0
1–0
UEFA Euro 2016 qualification

52
14 November 2014
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Armenia
1–0
1–0
UEFA Euro 2016 qualification

53
13 June 2015
Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium, Yerevan, Armenia
 Armenia
1–1
3–2
UEFA Euro 2016 qualification

54
2–1

55
3–1

56
29 March 2016
Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal
 Belgium
2–0
2–1
Friendly

57
8 June 2016
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Estonia
1–0
7–0
Friendly

58
3–0

59
22 June 2016
Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon, France
 Hungary
2–2
3–3
UEFA Euro 2016

60
3–3

61
6 July 2016
Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon, France
 Wales
1–0
2–0
UEFA Euro 2016

62
7 October 2016
Estádio Municipal de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
 Andorra
1–0
6–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

63
2–0

64
4–0

65
5–0

66
10 October 2016
Tórsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
 Faroe Islands
4–0
6–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

67
13 November 2016
Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal
 Latvia
1–0
4–1
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

68
3–1

69
25 March 2017
Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
 Hungary
2–0
3–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

70
3–0

71
28 March 2017
Estádio do Marítimo, Funchal, Portugal
 Sweden
1–0
2–3
Friendly

72
9 June 2017
Skonto Stadium, Riga, Latvia
 Latvia
1–0
3–0
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

73
2–0

74
21 June 2017
Otkrytiye Arena, Moscow, Russia
 Russia
1–0
1–0
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup

75
24 June 2017
Krestovsky Stadium, Saint Petersburg, Russia
 New Zealand
1–0
4–0
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup

76
31 August 2017
Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal
 Faroe Islands
1–0
5–1
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

77
2–0

78
4–1

tag: table

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Goals by year

Year
Caps
Goals

2003
2
0

2004
16
7

2005
11
2

2006
14
6

2007
10
5

2008
8
1

2009
7
1

2010
11
3

2011
8
7

2012
13
5

2013
9
10

2014
9
5

2015
4
3

2016
13
13

2017
9
10

Total
145
78

Caps and goals by competition

Competition
Caps
Goals

Friendlies
44
15

UEFA Euro qualifying
27
20

UEFA Euro Finals
21
9

FIFA World Cup qualification
36
29

FIFA World Cup Finals
13
3

FIFA Confederations Cup Finals
4
2

Total
145
78

Goals by opposition

Opposition
Goals

 Armenia
5

 Sweden
5

 Latvia
5

 Netherlands
4

 Estonia
4

 Andorra
4

 Hungary
4

 Faroe Islands
4

 Luxembourg
3

 Northern Ireland
3

 Denmark
3

 Belgium
3

 Russia
3

 Saudi Arabia
2

 Azerbaijan
2

 Kazakhstan
2

 Cyprus
2

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2

 Czech Republic
2

 Cameroon
2

 Greece
1

 Slovakia
1

 Iran
1

 Poland
1

 Finland
1

 North Korea
1

 Iceland
1

 Argentina
1

 Panama
1

 Ecuador
1

 Croatia
1

 Ghana
1

 Wales
1

 New Zealand
1

Total
78


document_title: Chief Justice of India

question_text: impeachment of chief justice of india under which article

text: Chief Justice of India

text: Appointment[edit]

text:
Article 124 of the Constitution of India provides for the manner of appointing judges to the Supreme Court. Though no specific provision exists in the Constitution for appointing the Chief Justice, who, as a result, is appointed like the other judges[7]
conventionally, the outgoing CJI recommends the name of the senior-most judge (i.e. by date of appointment to the Supreme Court) for appointment by the President of India, as his successor.[8][9]

text: Removal[edit]

text: Article 124(4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:

text: A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

text: Acting President[edit]

text: The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969 of India provides that the Chief Justice of India (CJI) shall act as the President of India in the event of the offices of both the President and the Vice President being vacant. When President Zakir Hussain died in office, the Vice President V. V. Giri, acted as the President. Later, Mr. Giri resigned as the Vice President. The CJI, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah then became the acting President of India. The senior-most judge of the Supreme Court became the acting CJI. When the newly elected President took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the Chief Justice of India

text: List of Chief Justices of India[edit]

text: Remuneration[edit]

text: The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the Chief Justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958.[10][11] This remuneration was revised in 2006-2008, after the sixth central pay commission's recommendation.[12]