document_title: List of the verified oldest people

question_text: how old is was the oldest person to ever live

text: List of the verified oldest people

text: This is a list of the 100 verified oldest people. The oldest verified person on record is French woman Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), who lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. There are eight verified living supercentenarians on this list, the oldest of whom is Japanese woman Nabi Tajima, aged 7004428030000000000♠117 years, 69 days.

text: 100 verified oldest people[edit]

text:
Deceased   Living
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 12 October 2017

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Birth date
Death date
Age [†]
Place of death or residence

1
Jeanne Calment[1]
F
000000001875-02-21-000021 February 1875
000000001997-08-04-00004 August 1997
122 years, 164 days
France

2
Sarah Knauss[2]
F
000000001880-09-24-000024 September 1880
000000001999-12-30-000030 December 1999
119 years, 97 days
United States

3
Lucy Hannah[3]
F
000000001875-07-16-000016 July 1875
000000001993-03-21-000021 March 1993
117 years, 248 days
United States

4
Marie-Louise Meilleur[4]
F
000000001880-08-29-000029 August 1880
000000001998-04-16-000016 April 1998
117 years, 230 days
Canada

5
Violet Brown[5]
F
000000001900-03-10-000010 March 1900
15 September 2017
117 years, 189 days
Jamaica

6
Emma Morano[5][6]
F
000000001899-11-29-000029 November 1899
000000002017-04-15-000015 April 2017
117 years, 137 days
Italy

7
Nabi Tajima
F
000000001900-08-04-00004 August 1900
Living[5]
7004428030000000000♠117 years, 69 days
Japan

8
Misao Okawa[5]
F
000000001898-03-05-00005 March 1898
000000002015-04-01-00001 April 2015
117 years, 27 days
Japan

9
María Capovilla[7]
F
000000001889-09-14-000014 September 1889
000000002006-08-27-000027 August 2006
116 years, 347 days
Ecuador

10
Susannah Mushatt Jones[5]
F
000000001899-07-06-00006 July 1899
000000002016-05-12-000012 May 2016
116 years, 311 days
United States

11
Gertrude Weaver[5]
F
000000001898-07-04-00004 July 1898
000000002015-04-06-00006 April 2015
116 years, 276 days
United States

12
Tane Ikai[8]
F
000000001879-01-18-000018 January 1879
000000001995-07-12-000012 July 1995
116 years, 175 days
Japan

13
Chiyo Miyako[5]
F
000000001901-05-02-00002 May 1901
Living[5]
7004425320000000000♠116 years, 163 days
Japan

14
Elizabeth Bolden[9]
F
000000001890-08-15-000015 August 1890
000000002006-12-11-000011 December 2006
116 years, 118 days
United States

15
Besse Cooper[5]
F
000000001896-08-26-000026 August 1896
000000002012-12-04-00004 December 2012
116 years, 100 days
United States

16
Jiroemon Kimura[5]
M
000000001897-04-19-000019 April 1897
000000002013-06-12-000012 June 2013
116 years, 54 days
Japan

17
Jeralean Talley[5]
F
000000001899-05-23-000023 May 1899
000000002015-06-17-000017 June 2015
116 years, 25 days
United States

18
Ana María Vela Rubio
F
000000001901-10-29-000029 October 1901
Living[5]
7004423520000000000♠115 years, 348 days
Spain

19
Maggie Barnes[10]
F
000000001882-03-06-00006 March 1882
000000001998-01-19-000019 January 1998
115 years, 319 days
United States

20
Dina Manfredini[5]
F
000000001897-04-04-00004 April 1897
000000002012-12-17-000017 December 2012
115 years, 257 days
United States[a]

21
Christian Mortensen
M
000000001882-08-16-000016 August 1882
000000001998-04-25-000025 April 1998
115 years, 252 days
United States[b]

22
Charlotte Hughes[11]
F
000000001877-08-01-00001 August 1877
000000001993-03-17-000017 March 1993
115 years, 228 days
United Kingdom

23
Edna Parker[12]
F
000000001893-04-20-000020 April 1893
000000002008-11-26-000026 November 2008
115 years, 220 days
United States

24
Mary Ann Rhodes[13]
F
000000001882-08-12-000012 August 1882
000000001998-03-03-00003 March 1998
115 years, 203 days
Canada

25
Anonymous of Tokyo[5]
F
000000001900-03-15-000015 March 1900
000000002015-09-27-000027 September 2015
115 years, 196 days
Japan

26
Margaret Skeete[14]
F
000000001878-10-27-000027 October 1878
000000001994-05-07-00007 May 1994
115 years, 192 days
United States

27
Bernice Madigan[15]
F
000000001899-07-24-000024 July 1899
000000002015-01-03-00003 January 2015
115 years, 163 days
United States

28
Gertrude Baines[16]
F
000000001894-04-06-00006 April 1894
000000002009-09-11-000011 September 2009
115 years, 158 days
United States

29
Emiliano Mercado del Toro
M
000000001891-08-21-000021 August 1891
000000002007-01-24-000024 January 2007
115 years, 156 days
Puerto Rico

30
Bettie Wilson[17]
F
000000001890-09-13-000013 September 1890
000000002006-02-13-000013 February 2006
115 years, 153 days
United States

31
Giuseppina Projetto[5]
F
000000001902-05-30-000030 May 1902
Living[5]
7004421390000000000♠115 years, 135 days
Italy

32
Julie Winnefred Bertrand[18]
F
000000001891-09-16-000016 September 1891
000000002007-01-18-000018 January 2007
115 years, 124 days
Canada

33
Maria de Jesus[19]
F
000000001893-09-10-000010 September 1893
000000002009-01-02-00002 January 2009
115 years, 114 days
Portugal

34
Marie Josephine Gaudette[5][20]
F
000000001902-03-25-000025 March 1902
000000002017-07-13-000013 July 2017
115 years, 110 days
Italy[c]

35
Susie Gibson[21]
F
000000001890-10-31-000031 October 1890
000000002006-02-16-000016 February 2006
115 years, 108 days
United States

36
Augusta Holtz[22]
F
000000001871-08-03-00003 August 1871
000000001986-10-21-000021 October 1986
115 years, 79 days
United States[d]

37
Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper[23]
F
000000001890-06-29-000029 June 1890
000000002005-08-30-000030 August 2005
115 years, 62 days
Netherlands

38
Maude Farris-Luse[24]
F
000000001887-01-21-000021 January 1887
000000002002-03-18-000018 March 2002
115 years, 56 days
United States

39
Marie Brémont[25]
F
000000001886-04-25-000025 April 1886
000000002001-06-06-00006 June 2001
115 years, 42 days
France

40
Koto Okubo[26]
F
000000001897-12-24-000024 December 1897
000000002013-01-12-000012 January 2013
115 years, 19 days
Japan

41
Antonia Gerena Rivera[5]
F
000000001900-05-19-000019 May 1900
000000002015-06-02-00002 June 2015
115 years, 14 days
United States[e]

42
Chiyono Hasegawa[27]
F
000000001896-11-20-000020 November 1896
000000002011-12-02-00002 December 2011
115 years, 12 days
Japan

43
Annie Jennings[28]
F
000000001884-11-12-000012 November 1884
000000001999-11-20-000020 November 1999
115 years, 8 days
United Kingdom

44
Eva Morris[29]
F
000000001885-11-08-00008 November 1885
000000002000-11-02-00002 November 2000
114 years, 360 days
United Kingdom

45
Kama Chinen[30]
F
000000001895-05-10-000010 May 1895
000000002010-05-02-00002 May 2010
114 years, 357 days
Japan

46
Maria Gomes Valentim[31]
F
000000001896-07-09-00009 July 1896
000000002011-06-21-000021 June 2011
114 years, 347 days
Brazil

47
Mary Bidwell[32]
F
000000001881-05-19-000019 May 1881
000000001996-04-25-000025 April 1996
114 years, 342 days
United States

48
Mary Josephine Ray[33]
F
000000001895-05-17-000017 May 1895
000000002010-03-07-00007 March 2010
114 years, 294 days
United States[f]

49
Goldie Steinberg[5][34][35]
F
000000001900-10-30-000030 October 1900
000000002015-08-16-000016 August 2015
114 years, 290 days
United States[g]

50
Kane Tanaka[5]
F
000000001903-01-02-00002 January 1903
Living[5]
7004419220000000000♠114 years, 283 days
Japan

51
Kiyoko Ishiguro
F
000000001901-03-04-00004 March 1901
000000002015-12-05-00005 December 2015
114 years, 276 days
Japan

52
Maria do Couto Maia-Lopes
F
000000001890-10-24-000024 October 1890
000000002005-07-25-000025 July 2005
114 years, 274 days
Portugal

Eudoxie Baboul
F
000000001901-10-01-00001 October 1901
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016
114 years, 274 days
France (French Guiana)

54
Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan[36]
F
000000001889-08-31-000031 August 1889
000000002004-05-29-000029 May 2004
114 years, 272 days
Puerto Rico

55
Yukie Hino[5]
F
000000001902-04-17-000017 April 1902
000000002017-01-13-000013 January 2017
114 years, 271 days
Japan

56
Eugénie Blanchard[37]
F
000000001896-02-16-000016 February 1896
000000002010-11-04-00004 November 2010
114 years, 261 days
France (Saint Barthélemy)

57
Venere Pizzinato-Papo[38]
F
000000001896-11-23-000023 November 1896
000000002011-08-02-00002 August 2011
114 years, 252 days
Italy[h]

58
Neva Morris[39]
F
000000001895-08-03-00003 August 1895
000000002010-04-06-00006 April 2010
114 years, 246 days
United States

59
Hide Ohira
F
000000001880-09-15-000015 September 1880
000000001995-05-09-00009 May 1995
114 years, 236 days
Japan

60
Blanche Cobb[40][41]
F
000000001900-09-08-00008 September 1900
000000002015-05-01-00001 May 2015
114 years, 235 days
United States

61
Ethel Lang
F
000000001900-05-27-000027 May 1900
000000002015-01-15-000015 January 2015
114 years, 233 days
United Kingdom

62
Mathew Beard
M
000000001870-07-09-00009 July 1870
000000001985-02-16-000016 February 1985
114 years, 222 days
United States

63
Yone Minagawa[42]
F
000000001893-01-04-00004 January 1893
000000002007-08-13-000013 August 2007
114 years, 221 days
Japan

64
María Antonia Castro
F
000000001881-06-10-000010 June 1881
000000001996-01-16-000016 January 1996
114 years, 220 days
Spain

65
Ura Koyama[43]
F
000000001890-08-30-000030 August 1890
000000002005-04-05-00005 April 2005
114 years, 218 days
Japan

Carrie Lazenby
F
000000001882-02-09-00009 February 1882
000000001996-09-14-000014 September 1996
114 years, 218 days
United States

67
Myrtle Dorsey[44]
F
000000001885-11-22-000022 November 1885
000000002000-06-25-000025 June 2000
114 years, 216 days
United States

68
Anna Eliza Williams[45]
F
000000001873-06-02-00002 June 1873
000000001987-12-27-000027 December 1987
114 years, 208 days
United Kingdom

69
Maria Giuseppa Robucci[5]
F
20 March 1903
Living[5]
7004418450000000000♠114 years, 206 days
Italy

70
Walter Breuning
M
000000001896-09-21-000021 September 1896
000000002011-04-14-000014 April 2011
114 years, 205 days
United States

71
Eunice Sanborn[46]
F
000000001896-07-20-000020 July 1896
000000002011-01-31-000031 January 2011
114 years, 195 days
United States

72
Grace Clawson[47]
F
000000001887-11-15-000015 November 1887
000000002002-05-28-000028 May 2002
114 years, 194 days
United States[i]

73
Mitsue Toyoda
F
000000001902-02-15-000015 February 1902
000000002016-08-25-000025 August 2016
114 years, 192 days
Japan

74
Tase Matsunaga[48]
F
000000001884-05-11-000011 May 1884
000000001998-11-18-000018 November 1998
114 years, 191 days
Japan

75
Yukichi Chuganji
M
000000001889-03-23-000023 March 1889
000000002003-09-28-000028 September 2003
114 years, 189 days
Japan

76
Kame Nakamura[49]
F
000000001898-03-08-00008 March 1898
000000002012-09-12-000012 September 2012
114 years, 188 days
Japan

77
Lydie Vellard
F
000000001875-03-18-000018 March 1875
000000001989-09-17-000017 September 1989
114 years, 183 days
France

Wilhelmina Kott[50]
F
000000001880-03-07-00007 March 1880
000000001994-09-06-00006 September 1994
114 years, 183 days
United States

Adelina Domingues[51]
F
000000001888-02-19-000019 February 1888
000000002002-08-21-000021 August 2002
114 years, 183 days
United States[j]

80
Mitoyo Kawate[52]
F
000000001889-05-15-000015 May 1889
000000002003-11-13-000013 November 2003
114 years, 182 days
Japan

81
Charlotte Benkner[53]
F
000000001889-11-16-000016 November 1889
000000002004-05-14-000014 May 2004
114 years, 180 days
United States[k]

Camille Loiseau[54]
F
000000001892-02-13-000013 February 1892
000000002006-08-12-000012 August 2006
114 years, 180 days
France

83
Anne Primout[55]
F
000000001890-10-05-00005 October 1890
000000002005-03-26-000026 March 2005
114 years, 172 days
France[l]

Iso Nakamura[5]
F
23 April 1903
Living[5]
7004418110000000000♠114 years, 172 days
Japan

85
Ettie Mae Greene[56]
F
000000001877-09-08-00008 September 1877
000000001992-02-26-000026 February 1992
114 years, 171 days
United States

86
Dominga Velasco[5]
F
000000001901-05-12-000012 May 1901
000000002015-10-11-000011 October 2015
114 years, 152 days
United States[m]

87
Toshie Yorimitsu
F
000000001901-09-30-000030 September 1901
000000002016-02-28-000028 February 2016
114 years, 151 days
Japan

88
Irene Frank
F
000000001881-10-01-00001 October 1881
000000001996-02-28-000028 February 1996
114 years, 150 days
United States

89
Christina Cock[57]
F
000000001887-12-25-000025 December 1887
000000002002-05-22-000022 May 2002
114 years, 148 days
Australia[n]

90
Olivia Patricia Thomas[58]
F
000000001895-06-29-000029 June 1895
000000002009-11-16-000016 November 2009
114 years, 140 days
United States

91
Anna Henderson[59]
F
000000001900-03-05-00005 March 1900
000000002014-07-01-00001 July 2014
114 years, 118 days
United States

92
Emma Verona Johnston[60]
F
000000001890-08-06-00006 August 1890
000000002004-12-01-00001 December 2004
114 years, 117 days
United States

Mamie Rearden[61]
F
000000001898-09-07-00007 September 1898
000000002013-01-02-00002 January 2013
114 years, 117 days
United States

94
Bettie Chatmon
F
000000001884-04-30-000030 April 1884
000000001998-08-16-000016 August 1998
114 years, 108 days
United States

95
Odie Matthews
F
000000001878-12-28-000028 December 1878
000000001993-04-14-000014 April 1993
114 years, 107 days
United States

96
Chiyo Shiraishi
F
000000001895-08-06-00006 August 1895
000000002009-11-19-000019 November 2009
114 years, 105 days
Japan

97
Asa Takii[62]
F
000000001884-04-28-000028 April 1884
000000001998-07-31-000031 July 1998
114 years, 94 days
Japan

98
Florence Knapp[63]
F
000000001873-10-10-000010 October 1873
000000001988-01-11-000011 January 1988
114 years, 93 days
United States

Elena Slough[64]
F
000000001889-07-04-00004 July 1889
000000002003-10-05-00005 October 2003
114 years, 93 days
United States

Tae Ito[65]
F
11 July 1903
Living[65]
7004417320000000000♠114 years, 93 days
Japan

text:
a^ Manfredini was born in Italy.
b^ Mortensen was born in Denmark.
c^ Gaudette was born in the United States.
d^ Holtz was born in the German Empire; her birthplace is now in Poland.
e^ Gerena was born in Puerto Rico.
f^ Ray was born in Canada.
g^ Steinberg was born in Kishinev, then part of the Russian Empire. It is now the capital of Moldova.
h^ Pizzinato-Papo was born in Ala, which was then part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in Italy.
i^ Clawson was born in the United Kingdom.
j^ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, at that time a colony of Portugal.
k^ Benkner was born in Germany.
l^ Primout was born in French Algeria; it is now Algeria.
m^ Velasco was born in Mexico.
n^ Cock was born in the former British colony Victoria, which is now part of Australia.


document_title: Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas

question_text: what used to be where the cosmopolitan is

root

text: Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas

text: Amenities[edit]

text: Cosmopolitan features 3,027 hotel rooms[7][8], many of which feature their own private terrace; a 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) casino; 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m2) of retail and restaurant space; a 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m2) spa and fitness facility; a 3,200-seat theater; and 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m2) of meeting and convention space. The Cosmopolitan's 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) casino features views of the Las Vegas Strip. The Pools at the Cosmopolitan features three different types: a relaxing pool, day club pool and nightclub pool.

tag: p

text: The Cosmopolitan is also home to the Marquee Nightclub & Dayclub, which was the top grossing nightclub in the United States in 2012.[9] In January 2014, the Cosmopolitan added a new nightclub concept, Rose. Rabbit. Lie.

text: History[edit]

text: Plans for the property were first announced in April 2004.[10] The developer, 3700 Associates, was a joint venture formed by David Friedman (a former Las Vegas Sands executive), Ian Bruce Eichner (a real estate developer), and Soros Fund Management.[10] The developers purchased the site, an 8.5-acre U-shaped parcel surrounding the Jockey Club timeshare building, for $90 million from a company controlled by New Frontier owner Margaret Elardi.[10] Further details about the project, including the Cosmopolitan name, were released in November 2004.[11]

text: The Cosmopolitan's design team was led by Friedmutter Group as executive architect, with Arquitectonica as the design architect for the building's themed exterior. The building was engineered by DeSimone Consulting Engineers. The interior design team included Digital Kitchen, Prophet, the Friedmutter Group, The Rockwell Group, Jeffrey Beers, Adam Tihany, and Bentel & Bentel.

text: The resort was built on what used to be the parking lot for the Jockey Club. Because the Cosmopolitan occupies much of the parking lot, it was agreed that the Club residents could use part of the Cosmopolitan's parking garage.[citation needed]

text: The Cosmopolitan was the second Las Vegas hotel, after The Palazzo, to feature an underground parking garage underneath the hotel. As a result, the parking garage was built first. In December 2007, work finished on the 70-foot (21 m) hole for the parking structure, while other foundation work remained in progress. The hotel was originally planned to open and be operated by Hyatt as the Grand Hyatt Las Vegas.

text: Original plans called for the casino to be on the second floor, but this was later changed and the casino was built on ground level, like most other Las Vegas hotel-casinos. Planned condo units were cancelled and replaced with studios and other hotel rooms.[12]

text: In January 2008, it was reported that the $3.9 billion project faced financial complications, as Eichner's company defaulted on a $760 million construction loan from Deutsche Bank when the developer missed a payment after failing to secure refinancing for the project. Construction moved forward as the developers searched for new financing. In late February 2008, Global Hyatt Corporation and New York-based Marathon Asset Management agreed to recapitalize the condominium-hotel project.[13] However, one month later the developer said Deutsche Bank AG would begin foreclosure proceedings.[14] They bought the hotel for $1 billion during the summer and hired The Related Cos., developers of Time Warner Center in New York, to re-position the asset, manage the development process and assist in leasing the retail and restaurant collection.[15][16] Related recommended many revisions, including bringing the casino entrance onto the strip.[17]

text: In June 2008, Hearst Corp filed a trademark suit against the owners of the casino. Hearst owns the trademark to Cosmopolitan magazine. In March 2010, the suit was settled, and the resort was renamed Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas.[2]

text: In August 2008, it was announced that MGM Mirage, Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Hyatt and Hilton were in talks to acquire the property.[18] It was speculated that MGM Mirage would integrate the project into Bellagio and CityCenter; Starwood were to establish its W and St. Regis brands; and Hyatt would have continued with its plans to operate a Grand Hyatt. In April 2009, the Sun reported that the hotel would be managed by Hilton and would become the Hilton's first in their new Denizen hotel line.[19] Later that month, however, those plans changed; Starwood sued Hilton, claiming trade-secret theft and essentially killing the Denizen brand.[16]

text: In June 2009, 400 homeowners filed a lawsuit against the developers, claiming breach of contract and seeking refunds for their deposits. They believed that the projected finish date of June 2010 was unrealistic and expressed fear that the developers might turn the condo rooms into hotel rooms only or "finish the building as a shell and not do any interior work."[16]

text: In April 2010, it was announced that the Cosmopolitan would open in stages, beginning in December and ending in July 2011. It was the only hotel-casino to open on the Strip in 2010. The project officially opened on December 15, 2010, and became part of Marriott International's Autograph Collection, a collection of independent hotels with access to Marriott's reservation and rewards system. In January 2014, the Cosmopolitan announced that points through their Identity rewards program could be redeemed at 3,800 of Marriott's properties.[20] Cosmopolitan is also partnered with the Ritz-Carlton, which is Ritz's first presence on the Las Vegas Strip and their second property in the Las Vegas area.

text: In May 2014, the Cosmopolitan was sold by Deutsche Bank to Blackstone Group for $1.73 billion.[21]

text: On July 25, 2015, a fire broke out on the pool deck of the resort, burning trees and cabanas, and sending plumes of smoke into the air. Two people were treated for smoke inhalation as a result of the blaze, including one person who was transported to a local hospital.[22] The cause of the fire was not immediately known.[23]

text: Restaurants[edit]

text: In March 2010, the casino announced several celebrity chefs and restaurants that would open there.[24] Included were Bruce and Eric Bromberg's Blue Ribbon, Costas Spiliadis' Estiatorio Milos, Scott Conant's Scarpetta, and David Myers' Comme Ça.

text: On May 2, the resort announced that José Andrés would be joining the resort with three restaurants, creating his namesake restaurant, "é by José Andrés", and one based on his tapas restaurant, Jaleo. Another restaurant, China Poblano, is a new concept combining Mexican and Chinese cuisine.

text: Additional restaurants include: D.O.C.G. a restaurant and wine bar by Scott Conant; Holstein's, a specialty burger restaurant. Also, STK, a steakhouse by Todd Mark Miller; along with The Henry, Va Bene Caffè, and Wicked Spoon.[25] The Cosmopolitan also gained the restaurant Eggslut in 2011, following success in their Grand Central Market location in Los Angeles.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In April 2011, Cosmopolitan security staff allegedly removed a transgender guest named Stephanie from a women's restroom, photographed her, and said that she would be banned for life if she did not leave the premises. Shortly after the incident, the hotel-casino was flooded with complaints on its Facebook page, which prompted the hotel-casino to issue an apology to the transgender community and to Stephanie that they would "welcome her back to the resort anytime." The incident also prompted the hotel-casino to train its staff on awareness initiatives involving the sensitive issue.[26]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The Cosmopolitan was the setting for The Killers music video for "Shot at the Night".[27]
The Cosmopolitan was the setting for Top Chef Masters Season 4.[28]
Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett performed in The Cosmopolitan as part of their Cheek to Cheek Tour.

tag: ul

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Night view from the east side.

Cosmopolitan construction as seen from Caesars Palace

The Cosmopolitan nearing completion in March 2010

The street front view from across the Strip

Viewed from the Las Vegas Eiffel Tower

Night view


document_title: Like Toy Soldiers

question_text: who does eminem not mention in toy soldiers

text: Like Toy Soldiers

text: Content[edit]

text: "Like Toy Soldiers" tells the story of Eminem's attempts to calm a violent community of rappers. Eminem speaks openly about problems with The Source magazine and its editor Benzino, as well as the situation between 50 Cent and Ja Rule and his label Murder Inc., which Eminem felt went far beyond the Jay Z vs. Nas feud.[1] The song finishes as Eminem offers a truce to his enemies. In addition, this song also reveals that Eminem had tried to stop Ja Rule & 50 Cent's feud, but lost it when he heard Ja Rule making fun of his daughter on a track called "Loose Change" - ("The Ja Shit, I tried to squash it, It was too late to stop it, There's a certain line you just don't cross and he crossed it, I heard him say Hailie's name on a song and I just lost it"). In the song "Loose Change", Ja Rule says Eminem claims his then ex-wife is "a known slut" and his mother "a crackhead", and then asks him "so what's Hailie gonna be when she grows up?".[2] "Like Toy Soldiers" was later included on Eminem's compilation album Curtain Call: The Hits in 2013. Throughout his career, Eminem, at most, only alludes to Suge Knight, completing a line in this song, "my intentions were good, I went through my whole career without ever mentioning -." Styles P used the instrumental version in his song "Soldiers Song", in 2006.[1]

text: As a result of this song, Eminem refused to get himself involved in some of 50 Cent's later feuds, including Jadakiss, Fat Joe (both of whom he collaborated with in 2005), and The Game.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: AllMusic highlighted the song.[3] A positive overview came from J-23: ""Like Toy Soldiers" is among his best work here, from his production (complete with Martika sample), to his gripping recount, assessment and conclusion of the Benzino and Murder Inc beefs."[4] Pitchfork was also positive, calling it:

text: a public hand-wringing over the feuds that Em and 50 Cent have been drawn into, the consequences of these battles, and-- most importantly-- the toll they've taken, both physically and emotionally. The martial beat is a bit heavy-handed, but it's counterbalanced by the pleasantly surprising chorus' sample of Martika's "Toy Soldiers", perhaps a nod to either Kanye's helium-vocaled samples or the 00s trend toward trance-pop covers of 80s hits.[5]

text: NME wrote a favorable review:

text: 'Like Toy Soldiers’ is a case in point. The best track of this album, and probably any album this year, it should be appalling. It interpolates (by which we mean ‘steals’) the chorus to a long-forgotten ’80s power ballad by Martika, which would be a surefire route to disaster in anyone else’s hands. Instead, with its martial drumbeat, unashamedly vast-scale soft rock dynamics and that similarly monolithic chorus, it is perhaps hip-hop’s first genuine lighters-in-the-air stadium anthem. And yet it’s probably the most personal track on the album...as Em tries to draw a line under the various beefs he and his cohorts have been embroiled in. “Even though the battle was won/I feel like we lost it/I spent [so much energy] on it/Honestly I’m exhausted”, he admits. If the sheer volume and widescreen sweep of ‘Like Toy Soldiers’ is a cover for this exhaustion, then it sure works.[6]

text: Rolling Stone Magazine described: "it's really mature, as when the Martika-sampling "Like Toy Soldiers" renounces battle rhyming and its deadly consequences."[7] USA Today noted: "A military drumbeat drives Like Toy Soldiers, in which Eminem offers an explanation for his beef with the Murder Inc. rap clique, The Source magazine and its rapper/owner Benzino, and his part in a dispute between 50 Cent and Ja Rule. He seems to wish none of it had ever happened, and he's ready to move on."[8] RapReviews was less positive: "Continuing to wring out sympathy from his tear-soaked towel of a life, Eminem doubles-up with "Like Toy Soldiers," another self-produced, self-sorry introspection on the Slim Shady saga."[9] The Guardian was happy of sampling: "Like Toy Soldiers, about Ja Rule and Benzino, is similarly brilliant. Set to the album's one genuinely fantastic backing track, involving a military drumbeat and a sample from Martika's forgotten 1980s hit Toy Soldiers, its lyrics switch from truce-calling to belligerent indignation and back again, often in the space of one line."[10] The New York Times described:

text: "[Like] Toy Soldiers," scheduled to be the next single, recycles the 1980s pop hit by Martika so that Eminem can rehash his beefs with Ja Rule and the Source. But the vitriol is mainly gone, and he sounds sad and clear-eyed, ending the rhyme by proposing a truce: "It's not a plea that I'm coppin'/I'm just willing to be the bigger man/If y'all can [quiet] poppin'/Off at the jaws [with the knockin'],/'Cause frankly I'm sick of talkin'/I'm not gonna let someone else's coffin/Rest on my conscience."[11]

text: Stylus Magazine, however, is a bit negative: "perhaps you don’t mind that Em ruins maybe the best musical moment on the record, the Martika interpolation of “Like Toy Soldiers”, just so he can recapitulate ad nauseum [sic] the details of his pitiful n-word controversy (and somehow indirectly blame Afrocentrism for his youthful idiocy)."[12] Entertainment Weekly was very critical of the song: "Instead of addressing other matters that extend beyond his immediate universe, he wastes time attacking his sworn enemies at The Source [in both 'Like Toy Soldiers' and 'Yellow Brick Road']."[13] The Boston Phoenix called it a "self-knowing anti-anthem".[14] SPIN, however, seemed to put the song in a different light: "On 'Like Toy Soldiers,' over a stirring, 'Jesus Walks'-style loop of Martika's doleful '80s hit, Eminem brings light, not heat, to a couple years' worth of beefs, from 50 Cent's feud with the Murder Inc. crew to Em's conflict with rapper Benzino and The Source's edit staff, stating his case while resisting the urge to pour gas on any fires."[15]

text: Music video[edit]

text: Released on December 3, 2004, the song's video starts with two young boys, one who is white and one who is black, reading a book called "Toy Soldiers," which contains the lyrics of this song. It begins at the hospital where Eminem and other rappers are watching, in despair, the doctors trying to save D12 member Bugz (played by fellow D12 member Proof), who was killed in 1999. Eminem is then seen in a series of scenes rapping the song in a deserted alleyway, before the video goes through a series of scenes showing the various feuds mentioned in the song. They include seeing the news, rappers battling in studios, and street encounters. Near the end, Eminem stands shocked seeing the shooting of Bugz. It switches back to the hospital, where Bugz dies, and finishes at his funeral, which has a choir in which the black child and the white child from when Martika starts to sing.

text: Cameo appearances in the video include 50 Cent, Luis Resto, Dr. Dre, Obie Trice, and D12. Dead rappers include Tupac Shakur, The Notorious B.I.G., Big L, and Bugz are also shown in animation form at the end of the music video to show the fatal consequences of rap wars.

text: In a case of life imitating art, Proof himself was shot and killed on April 11, 2006 after an altercation broke out at a nightclub in Detroit, Michigan. "In the year after he (Proof) died, I would stare at the ceiling and think about that video (Like Toy Soldiers). Did karma cause that to happen in real life? Did I? You always want to point the finger at somebody else when something like that happens, you know?"[16]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
Digital download[17]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Just Lose It" (DJ Green Lantern Remix)
3:30

Total length:
8:26

tag: table

text:
Digital EP[18]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Rabbit Run" (Soundtrack Version)
3:10

3.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Instrumental)
4:43

Total length:
12:09

text:
UK CD1[19]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Rabbit Run" (Soundtrack Version)
3:10

Total length:
8:06

text:
UK CD2[20]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Rabbit Run" (Soundtrack Version)
3:10

3.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Instrumental)
4:43

4.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Music Video)
4:56

Total length:
17:05

text:
UK DVD[21]

No.
Title
Length

3.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Music Video)
4:56

4.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Making of the Video)
3:00

Total length:
7:56

text:
German CD Single[22]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Just Lose It" (DJ Green Lantern Remix)
3:10

3.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Instrumental)
4:43

4.
"Like Toy Soldiers" (Music Video)
4:56

Total length:
17:25

text:
UK CD2[23]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Like Toy Soldiers"
4:56

2.
"Just Lose It" (DJ Green Lantern Remix)
3:30

Total length:
8:26

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2013)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[24]
4

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[25]
8

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[26]
11

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[27]
18

Brazilian Singles Chart (ABPD)[28]
16

Denmark (Tracklisten)[29]
2

Eurochart Hot 100 (Billboard)[30]
1

Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[31]
15

France (SNEP)[32]
34

Germany (Media Control AG)[33]
8

Hungary (Mahasz)[34]
6

Ireland (IRMA)[35]
3

Italy (FIMI)[36]
8

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[37]
7

New Zealand (RIANZ)[38]
2

Norway (VG-lista)[39]
4

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[40]
14

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[41]
3

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[42]
1

US Billboard Hot 100[43]
34

US Pop Songs (Billboard)[44]
24

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[45]
64

US Pop 100 (Billboard)[46]
24

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[47]
Gold
35,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[48]
Silver
200,000^

United States (RIAA)[49]
Gold
500,000^

^shipments figures based on certification alone


document_title: Ronnie Burns (actor)

question_text: who played the son on burns and allen

question_tokens: who played the son on burns and allen

text: Ronnie Burns (actor)

text: Ronnie Burns was in the 20th Century movie "Bernadine" with Pat Boone, 1957.

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Ronnie Burns

With actress Jacqueline Beer from the Burns and Allen television show, 1956.

Born
Ronald Jon Burns (name given after adoption)
(1935-07-09)July 9, 1935
Evanston, Illinois, U.S.

Died
November 14, 2007(2007-11-14) (aged 72)
Pacific Palisades, California, U.S.

Cause of death
Cancer

Occupation
Actor

Years active
1950–61

Spouse(s)
Peggy Lyon
(m. 1965;  div. 1972)
Janice Powell
(m. 1977)

Children
3

Parent(s)
George Burns
Gracie Allen

text: Ronald Jon "Ronnie" Burns (July 9, 1935 – November 14, 2007) was an American television actor. He is primarily remembered as the son of comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen and a regular cast member of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950–58) on CBS.

text: Biography[edit]

text: Born in Evanston, Illinois,[1] Ronnie Burns was five weeks old when he was adopted in Chicago September 27, 1935, by George Burns and Gracie Allen. His older sister, Sandra Jean, had been adopted the year before and was then 13 months old.[2] According to George Burns, Ronnie had been the most sickly baby up for adoption from the agency, and Gracie chose him because she particularly felt he needed their help.[3]

text: On October 10, 1955, Burns joined the cast of the CBS television series, The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show,[4] playing himself but cast as a novice actor and college student studying drama who tended to look askance at his parents' comedy style. He first appeared on the show on October 18, 1954 as the bridesgroom on the episode "Gracie Gives a Wedding in Payment of a Favor" (Season 5 - Episode 3). Upon joining the show full-time, numerous episodes revolved around the fictional Ronnie Burns' dating and social life. His good looks and popularity helped the show gain the attention of younger viewers in its final years. Later he appeared on The George Burns Show (1958–59), a short-lived series produced after his mother retired from show business.[5]:281

text: Burns starred in the 1960–61 NBC comedy series Happy, in which he and Yvonne Lime Fedderson played Chris and Sally Day, the parents of a talking baby. He played the manager of the Palm Desert Hotel in Palm Springs. Lloyd Corrigan, Doris Packer, and Burt Metcalfe had supporting roles.[5]:311

text: He made an uncredited appearance as Wallace on the Young at Heart episode of The Honeymooners, which featured Ralph Kramden (Jackie Gleason) trying to roller skate with disastrous results. Burns made a cameo appearance on Bachelor Father starring John Forsythe.

text: Never comfortable with celebrity,[1] Burns left acting. He produced a situation comedy, Wendy and Me (1964–65), in which his father starred.[5]:815 He then went into real estate investment and raised horses at a ranch he owned in Santa Ynez, California.[1]

text: Ronnie Burns died November 14, 2007, of cancer, at his Pacific Palisades home. He was survived by his wife Janice, three sons and six grandchildren.[1]


document_title: Father Stretch My Hands

question_text: who is featured in father stretch my hands

text: Father Stretch My Hands

text: Composition[edit]

text: The album version of the song is split into two parts: "Father Stretch My Hands Pt. 1" featuring vocals by Kid Cudi and Kelly Price,[2] and "Pt. 2" featuring vocals by Desiigner and Caroline Shaw. The song is built around a sample of the song of the same title, performed and written by T. L. Barrett, with "Pt. 2" featuring prominent interpolations of "Panda", performed by Desiigner.[3][4] A 'rough cut' of the song was first released online in February 2016.[5]

text: GQ wrote that the two-part track "begins as a gospel song about fucking models, transitions halfway into a soul-baring confessional dance track, then drops in two entire verses of an entirely different song about drug-dealing and cars by an 18-year-old Brooklyn rapper, before resolving into a meditative piece for vocoder by a contemporary classical composer and ending with a snippet of the sampled gospel song that the whole thing started from, just to remind you how far we've traveled from there in the span of four minutes."[6]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Complex listed the two parts of the song as twenty-fourth and third best song of 2016 so far in their list published on June 16, 2016.[7]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Part 1 of "Father Stretch My Hands" spawned numerous memes due to producer Metro Boomin's tag and entrance on the song "If young Metro don't trust you I'm gonna shoot you", which usually involved a sudden event occurring, often involving someone getting shot.[8][9]

text: Samples[edit]

text: Pt. 1[edit]

text: Pt. 2[edit]

text:
"Father I Stretch My Hands" by Pastor T. L. Barrett
"Panda" by Desiigner
Street Fighter II: The World Warrior Sound Effects by Yoko Shimomura and Isao Abe[10][11]

text: Charts[edit]

text: Pt. 1[edit]

text:
Chart (2016)
Peak
position

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[12]
54

US Billboard Hot 100[13]
37

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[14]
14

US Rhythmic (Billboard)[15]
10

text: Pt. 2[edit]

text:
Chart (2016)
Peak
position

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[12]
70

US Billboard Hot 100[13]
54

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[14]
18

text: Certifications[edit]

text: Pt. 1[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

United Kingdom (BPI)[16]
Silver
200,000

United States (RIAA)[17]
2× Platinum
2,000,000

sales+streaming figures based on certification alone

text: Pt. 2[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

United States (RIAA)[18]
Platinum
1,000,000

sales+streaming figures based on certification alone


document_title: The Space Between Us (film)

question_text: who played tulsa in the space between us

text: The Space Between Us (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the near future, Nathaniel Shepard, CEO of Genesis, launches the first ever mission to colonize Mars. During the journey, the lead astronaut, Sarah Elliot, discovers that she is pregnant. Shortly after landing, she dies from eclampsia while giving birth to the first human born on Mars. The father of the child is unknown. In a dilemma, Nathaniel eventually decides to keep the child on Mars as a secret, to avoid a PR disaster for his company and also keep the child safe.

text: Sixteen years later, Sarah's son, Gardner Elliot, has grown up into an inquisitive, highly intelligent boy who has only ever met 14 people in his very unconventional upbringing. One day, in order to find out more about his mother, he hacks into Centaur, a robot he helped build, to gain access to the ship's storage. There, he retrieves his mother's items. Among them are a wedding ring and a USB drive, from which he plays a video of her and a man in a beach house. Convinced that the man is his father, he becomes determined to find him.

text: Gardner logs on to an Internet chatroom, where he has struck up an online relationship with Tulsa, a street smart girl from Colorado who is constantly being shuffled from one foster home to the next. Under the guise of being confined to a penthouse due to osteogenesis imperfecta, they discuss their plans for the future. Gardner promises to come see her someday. He then watches the German language film, Wings of Desire, where an angel falls to Earth.

text: His mother figure, astronaut Kendra Wyndham, video calls Nathaniel and Genesis director Tom Chen to inform them of Gardner's extraordinary intelligence and to beg them to allow him to go to Earth. Nathaniel refuses, as Gardner would have to undergo a highly risky surgery to increase his bone density and then train to adapt to Earth's atmospheric pressure. Gardner undergoes the surgery anyway and after training, he, Kendra and some other astronauts board a space shuttle for Earth.

text: On the day of the space shuttle's arrival, Nathaniel discovers that Gardner is on board. He angrily confronts Tom, who hid this from him. Despite his anger, Nathaniel visits Gardner, who is being quarantined in NASA while undergoing medical tests to determine whether he is fit for life on Earth. After a visit from Kendra, Gardner manages to discover that he is not fit for life on Earth. Upset, he stages a daring escape and hitches a ride to find Tulsa. Upon seeing him, Tulsa hits him as she is upset at Gardner for 'ghosting' her for 7 months. However, she forgives him and he convinces her to help him find his father. They stop by her house to get supplies for the journey, but are found by Nathaniel and Kendra. While trying to convince him to return to NASA, Gardner angrily confronts Kendra with her own admission of not wanting children and escapes with Tulsa on an old plane which her foster father was working on. The plane abruptly loses oil pressure while still in the sky. Tulsa manages to crash-land the plane into an old, abandoned barn, causing a fiery explosion. They escape safely to a diner where they determine the location of the shaman who married Gardner's parents, Shaman Neka.

text: Believing that Gardner has died, a grieving Nathaniel and Kendra let out their rage at one another. After discovering that no bodies were found in the wreckage, they receive some devastating news - Gardner's body contains dangerously high levels of troponin, meaning that he has an enlarged heart. His heart is unable to stand Earth's atmospheric pressure and so Gardner must be returned to Mars immediately if he is to survive. The search is resumed with renewed fervor and they discover CCTV footage of Gardner and Tulsa in a supermarket parking lot, where they have bought clothes and supplies for the journey. During the journey, Gardner tells Tulsa the truth - that he was born and raised on Mars. Unwilling to accept the truth, she forces him out of the car but forgives him once he promises never to lie to her again, although she still does not believe him.

text: At night, they camp out under the stars, where they make love. In the morning, they are discovered by a follower of Shaman Neka and are brought to him. He agrees to help them. Gardner's nose starts bleeding, a fact he conceals while Tulsa accesses the records to get the location of the beach house, which is in Summerland, California.

text: Before they begin their journey, they make a detour to Las Vegas. Gardner's nose starts to bleed again and he collapses and is taken to a hospital. After seeing the carbon tubes in his bones on the results of an X-ray at the hospital, Tulsa tells Gardner she now believes he was born on Mars, but plans to leave him in the hospital, before foster care can come, as he is too sick to continue their journey. Gardner reveals that he knows he won't last on Earth anymore and all he wants is to meet his father before he dies. Tulsa gives in and helps him escape. They steal a car and drive to the beach house. There, they meet the man from the video, who reveals that he is not Sarah Elliot's husband, but her own brother. However, he thinks that the two are lying to him. Gardner runs down to the sea, where he tells Tulsa that this is where he wants to die. He collapses. Tulsa tries frantically to drag him to the shore, but he is too heavy for her. Nathaniel and Kendra arrive just in time to save him. After Nathaniel performs CPR on him, Gardner asks him about his mother Sarah and reveals that he knows that Nathaniel is his real father. Nathaniel, Kendra and Tulsa rush Gardner to a Dream Chaser. They plan to launch into the stratosphere to stabilize him. When that proves to not be enough, a desperate Nathaniel takes control and launches into outer space. Free of Earth's gravity, Gardner is revived.

text: Soon, Gardner boards a space shuttle to Mars. Tulsa and Gardner have an emotional parting. Kendra, who is staying on Earth because she is retiring from NASA, adopts Tulsa. Determined to join Gardner on Mars, she joins Kendra's training program. Back on Mars, with his father Nathaniel, Gardner is glad to be home.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gary Oldman[2] as Nathaniel Shepherd
Asa Butterfield[3] as Gardner Elliot
Carla Gugino[2] as Kendra Wyndham
Britt Robertson[2] as Tulsa
B. D. Wong[4] as Genesis Director Tom Chen
Janet Montgomery[4] as Sarah Elliot
Trey Tucker[5] as Harrison Lane
Scott Takeda[6] as Dr. Gary Loh
Adande Thorne as Scott Hubbard
Colin Egglesfield as Sarah's brother
Gil Birmingham as Shaman Neka
Logan Paul as Roger[7]
Saarh Minnich as reporter
Ryan Jason Cook as Control Room technician
Lauren Myers as Alice Myers
Morse Bicknell as NASA executive
Beth Bailey as NASA Chief Director
Chuck Woodruff as Tim Janis
Christen Rakes as maid
Bruce Macintosh as NASA scientist
David House as Roland
Esodie Geiger as Mrs. Tupelo
Charles Arnone as mechanic
Jacob Browne as New Mexico State policeman
Jenny Gabrille as Havasupai woman
Bernardo Saracino as pilot
Eli Goodman as ER doctor
Ramona King as reception nurse
Eb Lottitmer as Air Force Colonel
Ramsey Scotte as foster care worker

text: Production[edit]

text: In 1999, Universal Pictures and Mike Lobell Productions acquired a screenplay, then titled Mainland, about a rebellious teen born on the moon who desired to come to the earth but whose physiology, it was feared, would not be able to take the translation. After failed rewrites by Allison Burnett (Autumn in New York), the project was placed in turnaround, as Lobell left Universal for a deal at Castle Rock Entertainment. The project remained unproduced for over a decade.[citation needed]

text: On March 13, 2014, Hollywood industry website The Tracking Board revealed that a science fiction-adventure film titled Out of This World was in development at Relativity Media, scripted by Allan Loeb.[8] Later in August 2014, it was reported that Peter Chelsom, who had previously directed Hector and the Search for Happiness for Relativity, was hired to direct the film, while Relativity would produce and distribute.[9] Southpaw Entertainment's Richard B. Lewis was attached to produce the film, and also received a "story by" credit.[9]

text: On February 2, 2015, Asa Butterfield was tapped to play the lead character in the film, a teen who was raised on Mars, and who falls in love with a girl on Earth he has been communicating with. Chelsom and Tinker Lindsay rewrote the screenplay.[3] On July 13, 2015, it was announced that Relativity was selling the project to STX Entertainment, in order to reach an agreement with its creditors and avoid having to file for bankruptcy.[10] STX produced and distributed the film.[10] On July 31, 2015, Gary Oldman, Carla Gugino, and Britt Robertson joined the cast of the then-untitled film.[2] Robertson would play the female lead, a teen girl from Colorado.[2] On September 8, 2015, it was announced that the title of the film would be The Space Between Us, and B. D. Wong and Janet Montgomery were added to the cast.[4] On September 30, 2015, Trey Tucker joined the film to play an astronaut,[5] and on October 23, 2015, Scott Takeda was cast to play a doctor in the film.[6]

text: Asa Butterfield and Britt Robertson have a seven-year age gap between them, which caused controversy, but in an interview Robertson explains that the age difference helped with the dynamic of the relationship between Tulsa and Gardner. "I don’t think Tulsa is really a teenager. She’s had to be an adult for a really long time. She’s had to take care of herself. She’s had to figure out where she’s going to live, and pay her mortgage or gas. She thinks like an adult. There’s this dynamic where she’s almost parenting him in some ways. There’s this very specific kind of thing where she’s teaching him about the world (saying), “Get it together, these are people. Why are you doing it this way? Why aren’t you being human? (Our age difference) I think really helps the dynamic. It’s not something I really pay attention to."[11]

text: Principal photography on the film began on September 14, 2015, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[12][6]

text: Andrew Lockington composed the film's score, which was released through Sony Music Entertainment.

text: Release[edit]

text: In August 2015, STX Entertainment scheduled the film to be released on July 29, 2016.[13] The release date was later switched with STX's other release, Bad Moms, and was moved its release date later to August 19, 2016.[14] However, Kubo and the Two Strings, Ben-Hur, and War Dogs were all slated for August 19, 2016 and STX Entertainment moved its release date later to December 21, 2016, allowing more time for work on the visual effects.[15] The film's release date was later moved to December 16, 2016,[16] and finally STX Entertainment moved its release date later to February 3, 2017.[17]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Space Between Us grossed $7.9 million in the United States and Canada and $6.9 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $14.8 million, against a production budget of $30 million.[1]

text: In North America, The Space Between Us was released alongside Rings and The Comedian, and was projected to gross $8–10 million from 2,812 theaters during its opening weekend.[18] The film ended up grossing $1.4 million on its first day and $3.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing well below expectations, and 7th at the box office.[19] In its third weekend the film grossed $260,000 after being pulled from 2,441 theaters (dropping 84.6% to 331), marking the 6th biggest theater drop in history.[20][21]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 16% based on 118 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Space Between Us strands its star-crossed young lovers in a mind-numbingly vast expanse of shameless cheese that will send all but the most forgiving viewers eye-rolling for the exits."[22] On Metacritic, the film holds a score 33 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[23] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[24]

text: Writing for IndieWire, David Ehrlich gave the film a grade of "C," calling it a "guileless and good-natured sci-fi love story".[25] Kevin Maher gave a scathing review in The Times, writing that the film is "notable only for some horrendously bad science and a career-low performance from Gary Oldman".[26]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.

Teen Choice Awards
July 31, 2016
Choice Movie Actress: AnTEENcipated
Britt Robertson
Nominated
[27]

August 13, 2017
Choice Movie: Sci-Fi
The Space Between Us
Nominated
[28]

Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi
Asa Butterfield
Nominated


document_title: Flatbread

question_text: what is the term for a leavened arabic flat bread

text: Flatbread

text: List of flatbreads[edit]

text: Europe, Central and West Asia[edit]

text:
Afghan bread or "Nan" (Afghanistan)
Bannock (Scotland)
Barbari bread (Persia)
Bazlama (Turkey): made from wheat flour, drinking water, and table salt
Bolani (Afghanistan): a vegetarian flat-bread dish
Bolo do caco (Madeira, Portugal)
Farl (Ireland and Scotland)
Flammkuchen/Tarte flambée (Alsace): thin bread dough rolled out in a circle or a rectangle and covered with shallots and lardons
Flatbrød (Norway): barley flour, salt and water
Flatkaka (Iceland): rye flatbread
Focaccia (Italy)
Ftira (Malta)
Gözleme (Turkey): folded over a savoury filling and fried on a griddle
Hoggan (Cornwall): made from barley flour containing pieces of pork, and potato
Lagana (Greece)
Lepyoshka (Russia)
Pita (Hungary)
Lavash (Armenia)
Lefse (Norway)
Matnakash (Armenia)
Obi Non (Afghanistan and Uzbekistan)
Opłatek (Poland)
Pane carasau (Sardinia)
Piadina (Italy): white flour, lard (or olive oil), salt and water
Pide (Turkey)
Pita (Greece)
Pită/Lipie (Romania)
Pissaladière (France)
Pizza (Italy)
Podpłomyk (Poland)
Pogača (Balkans and Turkey)
Пърленка (Părlenka) (Bulgaria)
Rieska (Finland)
Sacramental bread (Europe)
Sangak (Persia)
Sheermal (Persia and Indian subcontinent)
Shelpek (Central Asia)
Shotis Puri (Georgia)
Somun and Lepina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Spianata sarda (Sardinia)
Staffordshire oatcake (England)
Taftoon Bread (Persia)
Tandoor-nan (Central Asia)
Tigella (Italy)
Tonis Puri (Georgia)
Torta (Spain)
Torta al testo (Umbria, Italy)
Torta de Gazpacho (Spain)
Tunnbröd (Sweden): any combination of wheat, barley and rye
Yufka (Turkey): wheat flour, water and table salt

text: Middle East and Africa[edit]

text:
Aish Merahrah (Egypt): made with 5–10% ground fenugreek seeds and maize
Barbari (Iran)
Gurassa (Sudan)
Harsha (Morocco): fried buttery bread made of semolina
Injera (Horn of Africa): teff flour and water
Khebz (Levant)
Khobz rmal (Maghreb)
Khubz (Arabian Peninsula)
Lahoh (Northern Somalia, Djibouti, Yemen)
Muufo (Somalia)
Malooga (Yemen): water, yeast, salt and flour
M'lawi (Tunisia): water, olive oil, semolina and flour
Chapati (Swahili coast, Uganda)
Markook (Levant)
Matzo (Israel): white plain flour and water
Murr (Israel)
Ngome (Mali): millet, water and vegetable oil
Pita (Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East)
Sangak (Iran)
Taftan (Iran)
Khubz Asmr (Saudi Arabia) (Arabian Peninsula): made of wholemeal flour, yeast, and salt
Khubz Burr (Saudi Arabia) (Arabian Peninsula): made of wholemeal flour, yeast, and salt
Khubz al-nokhalah (Saudi Arabia) (Arabian Peninsula): made of Bran, yeast, salt, and seeds

text: South and East Asia[edit]

text:
Bhakri (Indian subcontinent): made with water and millet flour
Bhatura (Indian subcontinent): made with white flour, yogurt, ghee (or oil), and yeast
Bindaeddeok (Korea): made from mung bean flour {this is a pancake, not a flatbread}
Bing (China)
Piaya (Philippines)
Bánh (Vietnam)
Chapati (Indian subcontinent): made from atta flour (whole grain durum wheat), water and salt
Poli (Indian subcontinent): made from whole wheat flour, water and salt. It is folded and layered round flat bread.
Phulka (Indian subcontinent): made from whole wheat flour, water and salt. It is like a baked variety of Puri.
Green onion pancake (China): made with oil and minced scallions (green onions)
Paratha (Indian subcontinent)
Kaak (Pakistan)
Khanom buang (Thailand): rice flour
Laobing (China)
Pathiri (Indian subcontinent): is a traditional roti that originated from Malabar cuisine.
Cheese Naan (Pakistan): A Naan bread filled with cheeses and local seasoning
Nutella Naan/Paratha (Pakistan): A Naan bread filled with Nutella or a paratha with similar spread
Luchi (Indian subcontinent): fine maida flour with water and a spoonful of ghee
Naan (Indian subcontinent and Central): leavened with yeast, unlike Roti bread
Pol roti (Sri Lanka): made from scraped coconut and wheat or kurakkan flour, with green chillis and onion
Puri (Indian subcontinent): prepared from dough of atta and salt
Roast paan (Sri Lanka): bread mixture baked in a flat mold, producing, literally, a 'flat' bread
Roti (Indian subcontinent)
Roti prata (Singapore)
Roti canai (Malaysia and Indonesia)
Sanchuisanda (China): baked in ashes[1]

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Arepa (Colombia, Venezuela): flat, unleavened patty made of cornmeal
Bammy (Jamaica): made from grated cassava root or cassava flour and salt
Beiju (Brazil): made from tapioca
Casabe (South America, Caribbean): made from bitter cassava root
Frybread (United States)
Native American Flatbread (North America): made from maize flour in a traditional style of early Native Americans; now topped with ground beef, vegetables, beans and cheese
Pan de Semita (Mexico)
Johnnycake (Caribbean)
Tortilla (Mexico, Central and South America)
Tortilla de Rescoldo (Chile): wheat flour based bread, traditionally baked in the coals of a campfire


document_title: Senpai and kōhai

question_text: what do you call a younger girl in japanese

text: Senpai and kōhai

text: Concept[edit]

text: The relationship is an interdependent one, as a senpai requires a kōhai and vice versa,[1] and establishes a bond determined by the date of entry to an organization.[2] Senpai refers to the member of higher experience, hierarchy, level, or age in the organization who offers assistance, friendship, and counsel to a new or inexperienced member, known as the kōhai, who must demonstrate gratitude, respect, and occasionally personal loyalty.[2][3] The Senpai acts at the same time as a friend.[2][4] This relation is similar to the interpersonal relation between tutor and tutored in Eastern culture, but differs in that the senpai and kōhai must work in the same organization.[5]

text: The relation originates in Confucian teaching, as well as the morals and ethics that have arrived in Japan from ancient China and have spread throughout various aspects of Japanese philosophy. The senpai–kōhai relation is a vertical hierarchy (like a father–son relation) that emphasizes respect for authority, for the chain of command, and for one's elders, eliminating all forms of internal competition and reinforcing the unity of the organization.[3][4]

text: Over time this mechanism has allowed the transfer of experience and knowledge, as well as the expansion of acquaintances, to maintaining the art of teaching alive. It also allows the development of beneficial experiences between both, as the kōhai benefits from the senpai's knowledge and the senpai learns new experiences from the kōhai by way of developing a sense of responsibility.[6][7][8] This comradeship does not imply friendship; a senpai and kōhai may become friends, but such is not an expectation.[9]

text: The Korean terms seonbae and hubae are written with the same Chinese characters and indicate a similar senior–junior relationship. The terms may have derived from Japanese, and may have had Chinese origins, though the senpai–kōhai relationship does not exist in Chinese culture.[10] However, it is close to the system of sifu -student system of Chinese martial arts.

text: History[edit]

text: The senpai–kōhai system has existed since the beginning of Japanese history. Three elements have had a significant impact on its development: Confucianism, the traditional Japanese family system, and the Civil Code of 1898.[11]

text: Confucianism arrived from China between the 6th and 9th centuries, but the derived line of thought that brought about deep social changes in Japan was Neo-Confucianism, which became the official doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867). The precepts of loyalty and filial piety as tribute (朝貢 chōkō) dominated the Japanese at the time, as respect for elders and ancestor worship that Chinese Confucianism taught were well accepted by the Japanese, and these influences have spread throughout daily life. Like other Chinese influences, the Japanese adopted these ideas selectively and in their own manner, so that the "loyalty" in Confucianism was taken as loyalty to a feudal lord or the Emperor.[12]

text: The Japanese family system (家 ie) was also regulated by Confucian codes of conduct and had an influence on the establishment of the senpai–kōhai relation. In this family system the father, as male head, had absolute power over the family and the eldest son inherited the family property. The father had power because he was the one to receive an education and was seen to have superior ethical knowledge. Since reverence for superiors was considered a virtue in Japanese society, the wife and children had to obey it. In addition to the hereditary system, only the eldest son could receive his father's possessions, and neither the eldest daughter nor the younger children received anything from him.[13]

text: The last factor influencing the senpai–kōhai system was the Civil Code of 1898, which strengthened the rules of privilege of seniority and reinforced the traditional family system, giving clear definitions of hierarchical values within the family. This was called koshusei (戸主制, "family-head system"), in which the head of the household had the right to command his family and the eldest son inherited that position. These statutes were abolished in 1947, after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II. These ideals nevertheless remained during the following years as a psychological influence in Japanese society.[13]

text: Terminology[edit]

text: The seniority rules are reflected in various grammatical rules in the Japanese language. A person who speaks respectfully to a superior uses honorific language (敬語 keigo), which is divided into three categories:[14][13]

text:
Sonkeigo (尊敬語, "respectful language"): used to denote respect towards a superior with or of whom one speaks, including the actions, objects, characteristics, and persons related to this person.[14]
Kenjōgo (謙譲語, "humble language"): in contrast to sonkeigo, with kenjōgo the speaker shows respect to a superior by lowering or deprecating him or herself.[15]
Teineigo (丁寧語, "polite language"): differs from the other two in that the speaker shows only to the speaker rather than those being spoken about. Use of the verb desu ("to be") and the verb ending -masu are examples of teineigo.[14]

text: Sonkeigo and kenjōgo have expressions (verbs, nouns, and special prefixes) particular to the type of language; for example, the ordinary Japanese verb for "to do" is suru, but in sonkeigo is nasaru and in kenjōgo is itasu.[16]

text: Another rule in the hierarchical relation is the use of honorific suffixes of address. A senpai addresses a kōhai with the suffix -kun after the kōhai's given name or surname, regardless if the kōhai is male or female. A kōhai similarly addresses a senpai with the suffix -senpai or -san; it is extremely unusual for a kōhai to refer to a senpai with the suffix -sama, which indicates the highest level of respect to the person spoken to.[17]

text: Prevalence[edit]

text: One place the senpai–kōhai relation applies to its greatest extent in Japan is in schools. For example, in junior and senior high schools (especially in school clubs) third-year students (who are the oldest) demonstrate great power as senpais. It is common in school sports clubs for new kōhais to have to perform basic tasks such as retrieving balls, cleaning playing fields, taking care of equipment, and even wash elder students' clothes. They must also bow to or salute their senpais when congratulated,[18][19] and senpais may punish kōhais or treat them severely.[1][18]

text: The main reason for these humble actions is that it is believed that team members can become good players only if they are submissive, obedient, and follow the orders of the trainer or captain, and thus become a humble, responsible, and cooperative citizen in the future. Relations in Japanese schools also place a stronger emphasis on the age than on the abilities of students. The rules of superiority between a senpai and a kōhai are analogous to the teacher–student relation, in which the age and experience of the teacher must be respected and never questioned.[19]

text: The senpai–kōhai relation is weaker in universities, as students of a variety of ages attend the same classes; students show respect to older members primarily through polite language (teineigo). Vertical seniority rules nevertheless prevail between teachers based on academic rank and experience.[19]

text: The senpai–kōhai system also prevails in Japanese businesses. The social environment in Japanese businesses is regulated by two standards: the system of superiority and the system of permanent employment. The status, salary, and position of employees depend heavily of seniority, and veteran employees generally take the highest positions and receive higher salaries than their subordinates. Until the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, employment was guaranteed for life and thus such employees did not have to worry about losing their positions.[19]

text: The senpai–kōhai relation is a cornerstone in interpersonal relations within the Japanese business world; for example, at meetings the lower-level employee should sit in the seat closest to the door, called shimoza (下座, "lower seat"), while the senior employee (sometimes the boss) sits next to some important guest in a position called kamiza (上座, "upper seat"). During meetings, most employees do not give their opinions, but simply listen and concur with their superiors, although they can express opinions with the prior consent of the employees of greater rank and influence in the company.[20]

text: Outside Japan, the senpai–kōhai relation is often found in the teaching of Japanese martial arts, though misunderstandings arise due to lack of historical knowledge, and as the vertical social hierarchy of Japan does not exist in Western cultures.[21]

text: Issues[edit]

text: Despite the senpai–kōhai relation's deep roots in Japanese society, there have been changes since the end of the 20th century in academic and business organizations. Kōhais no longer show as much respect to the experience of their senpais, the relation has become more superficial, and the age factor has begun to lose importance. The student body has diversified with Japanese students who have spent a large part of their lives overseas and have returned to Japan, as well as foreign students without a mentality rooted in the Japanese hierarchical system.[4]

text: The collapse of the economic bubble in the early 1990s caused a high level of unemployment, including the laying off of high-ranked employees. Companies since then first began to consider employees' skills rather than age or length of service with the company, due to which many long-serving employees lost their positions over being incapable of fulfilling expectations. Gradually many companies have had to restructure their salary and promotion systems, and seniority has thus lost some influence in Japanese society.[4]

text: Attitudes towards the senpai–kōhai system vary from appreciation for traditions and the benefits of a good senpai–kōhai relationship; to reluctant acquiescence; to antipathy. Those who criticize the system find it arbitrary and unfair, that senpais were often pushy, and that the system results in students who are shy or afraid of standing out from the group. for example, some kōhais fear that if they outperform their senpais in an activity, their senpai will lose face, for which kōhais must apologize. In some cases, the relation is open to violence and bullying. Most Japanese people—even those who criticize it—accept the senpai–kōhai system as common-sense aspect of society, straying from which will have inevitably negative social consequences.[22]


document_title: Prime Minister of Nigeria

question_text: who was the first prime minister in nigeria

text: Prime Minister of Nigeria

text: History of the office[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2013)

text: Prime Minister of Nigeria (1960–1966)[edit]

text: Northern People's Congress

text:
#
Picture
Name
(Born–Died)
Took office
Left office
Political Party

Prime Minister of the Federation of Nigeria

1

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
(1912–1966)
1 October 1960
1 October 1963
Northern People's Congress

Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

(1)

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
(1912–1966)
1 October 1963
15 January 1966
(Assassinated)
Northern People's Congress

Post abolished (15 January 1966 – 4 January 1993)

2

Ernest Shonekan
(1936–)
4 January 1993
26 August 1993
Independent

Post abolished (26 August 1993 – Present)


document_title: IDBI Bank

question_text: what is the long form of idbi bank

question_tokens: what is the long form of idbi bank

text: IDBI Bank

text: History[edit]

text: Overview of development banking in India[edit]

text: Development Banking emerged after the Second World War and the Great Depression in 1930s. The demand for reconstruction funds for the affected nations compelled in setting up of national institutions for reconstruction. At the time of Independence in 1947, India had a fairly developed banking system. The adoption of bank dominated financial development strategy was aimed at meeting the sectoral credit needs, particularly of agriculture and industry. Towards this end, the Reserve Bank concentrated on regulating and developing mechanisms for institution building. The commercial banking network was expanded to cater to the requirements of general banking and for meeting the short-term working capital requirements of industry and agriculture. Specialised development financial institutions (DFIs) such as the IDBI, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI were set up to meet the long-term financing requirements of industry and agriculture.

text: Formation of Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)[edit]

text: The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) was established in 1964 under an Act of Parliament as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1976, the ownership of IDBI was transferred to the Government of India and it was made the principal financial institution for coordinating the activities of institutions engaged in financing, promoting and developing industry in India. IDBI provided financial assistance, both in rupee and foreign currencies, for green-field projects as also for expansion, modernisation and diversification purposes. In the wake of financial sector reforms unveiled by the government since 1992, IDBI also provided indirect financial assistance by way of refinancing of loans extended by State-level financial institutions and banks and by way of rediscounting of bills of exchange arising out of sale of indigenous machinery on deferred payment terms.[citation needed]

text: After the public issue of IDBI in July 1995, the Government shareholding in the Bank came down from 100% to 75%.

text:
IDBI played a pioneering role, particularly in the pre-reform era (1964–91), in catalyzing broad based industrial development in India in keeping with its Government-ordained ‘development banking’ charter.[citation needed]
Some of the institutions built with the support of IDBI are the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), the Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited (SHCIL), the Credit Analysis & Research Ltd, the Exim Bank (India), the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India.

text: Conversion of IDBI into a commercial bank[edit]

text: A committee formed by RBI recommended the development financial institution (IDBI) to diversify its activity and harmonise the role of development financing and banking activities by getting away from the conventional distinction between commercial banking and developmental banking. To keep up with reforms in financial sector, IDBI reshaped its role from a development finance institution to a commercial institution. With the Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2003, IDBI attained the status of a limited company viz., IDBI Ltd.

text: Subsequently, in September 2004, the Reserve Bank of India incorporated IDBI as a 'scheduled bank' under the RBI Act, 1934. Consequently, IDBI, formally entered the portals of banking business as IDBI Ltd. from 1 October 2004. The commercial banking arm, IDBI BANK, was merged into IDBI in 2005.

text: Acquisition of United Western Bank[edit]

text: In 2006, IDBI Bank acquired United Western Bank (headquartered at Satara) in a rescue. By acquiring UWB, IDBI Bank more than doubled the number of its branches from 195 to 425.[3][4]

text: Listings and shareholding[edit]

text: IDBI Bank's equity shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.[5][6]

text: As on 31 March 2016, Government of India held 73.98% shares in IDBI Bank and Life Insurance Corporation of India held approx. 14.37% of the shares.

text: Employees[edit]

text: As on 31 March 2015, the bank had 16,555 employees, out of which 197 were employees with disabilities.[7] The average age of bank employees on the same date was 34 years.[7] The bank reported business of INR 25.64 crores per employee and net profit of INR 12.17 lakhs per employee during the FY 2012-13.[7] The company incurred INR 1,538 crores towards employee benefit expenses during the same financial year.[7]

text: Collaboration With KfW Germany[edit]

text: IDBI Bank Ltd, through its DIFC Branch in Dubai, has signed a loan agreement for USD 340 million with KfW, Germany. The loan has a maturity of 10 years and carries a competitive rate of interest. Shri Melwyn Rego, Deputy Managing Director of IDBI Bank Ltd. represented IDBI Bank Ltd. and Dr. Norbert Kloppenburg, Member of the Executive Board of KfW represented KfW at the signing ceremony held in New Delhi. The loan would be availed by IDBI Bank Ltd. for funding loans to the micro-, smalland medium-sized enterprises (MSME) directly or indirectly through Microfinance Institutions (MFI’s) and Non Banking Finance Companies (NBFC’s). Part of the loan is dedicated for selected infrastructure projects to support municipalities and communities to improve health and living conditions. Commenting on the occasion, Shri Melwyn Rego, Deputy Managing Director, IDBI Bank Ltd. stated that the Bank is committed to provide financial support to the MSME sector which is one of the thrust areas of the Bank. This loan from KfW would provide further impetus in our endeavor of meeting the growing financial needs of this sector which plays a vital role in the country’s economic growth. Shri N.S. Venkatesh, Chief General Manager, IDBI Bank Ltd., while speaking at the event, said this transaction with KfW is the testimony to the long-standing relationship between IDBI Bank Ltd. and KfW which goes back to more than two decades. "With this credit line, KfW is providing the IDBI with an important and broadly effective contribution towards creating income and fighting poverty in India. Growth among small companies triggers local demand and consumption, secures employment and is a key factor in the creation of new jobs", said Dr Norbert Kloppenburg, member of the Executive Board of the KfW Group.[8]

text: Awards and recognitions[edit]

text:
IDBI Bank was ranked #1197 in the Forbes Global 2000 in May 2013.[9]
It received the 'Overall Best Bank' and 'Best Public Sector Bank' awards in the Dun & Bradstreet Banking Awards, 2011.[10]
In 2011, it received Banking Technology awards for best use of Business Intelligence and the best Risk Management from Indian Banks Association.[11]

text: Issues[edit]

text: On 29 feb 2016, the Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley declared that there is a chance of dilution of the Government of India stake in IDBI Bank to below 50%.[12]


document_title: Chris Noth

question_text: who did chris noth play in baby boom

question_tokens: who did chris noth play in baby boom

text: Chris Noth

text: Early life[edit]

text: Noth was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the youngest of three sons of Jeanne L. Parr (March 30, 1924 – May 20, 2016), later a CBS News correspondent, and Charles James Noth, an insurance salesman turned marketing-company executive who died after a car accident in 1966.[1][2][3]

text: Noth has German and Irish ancestry.[4] During childhood, Noth traveled with his mother and brothers throughout the United Kingdom, Spain and Czechoslovakia. Chris reminds people that his last name rhymes with "both." [5]

text: Noth spent part of his undergraduate years at Marlboro College, where he built a cabin for himself.[1][6] He earned an MFA from the Yale School of Drama, where he acted in some 25 plays and was a pupil of acting coach Sanford Meisner.[5]

text: Career[edit]

text: Noth played small parts in films, including Smithereens (1982) and Baby Boom (1987) before his first starring role in the low-budget 1988 film Peluru dan Wanita (Bullets & Women) in Indonesia. Noth joined the cast of Hill Street Blues in the sixth season in 1986, where he was billed as "Christopher Noth." He also appeared in Another World. He filmed a pilot for the legal/police drama series Law & Order in 1988. In 1990 NBC began airing the show, which slowly gained recognition from critics and fans.[7] Noth was fired from the show in 1995.[8] Personality differences between Noth and L&O creator/executive producer Dick Wolf settled down long enough to film a TV movie, Exiled: A Law & Order Movie (1998).[citation needed]

text: In 1998 Noth returned to prime-time television when he took the role of Carrie Bradshaw's enigmatic on-again, off-again boyfriend "Big" on HBO's Sex and the City.[7] He played the role for six years, during which he also appeared in a small role as Helen Hunt's husband in the hit film Cast Away (2000), and starred in a Broadway revival of The Best Man. In 2001 he played an FBI agent on a three-episode arc of Crossing Jordan, re-uniting him with Law & Order co-star, Jill Hennessy. Noth returned to the role of Mike Logan on Law & Order: Criminal Intent in 2005, joining the show in its fifth season following a guest appearance on a fourth-season episode.[7] On this spin-off of the original Law & Order, Noth's detective team alternated episodes with Vincent D'Onofrio and Kathryn Erbe's characters. On June 26, 2008, it was announced that Noth was leaving the series, and that Jeff Goldblum would be joining the cast.[9]

text: Noth reprised the role of Big for the Sex and the City film, released on May 30, 2008.[10] and its 2010 sequel. Noth stars with Julianna Margulies in the CBS series The Good Wife, which debuted on September 22, 2009. Also in 2009, Noth became the spokesperson for the North American market for the Biotherm line of male skin-care products.[11]

text: Noth starred in a revival of Gore Vidal's 1960 Broadway play The Best Man in 2000, and also starred in a Broadway revival of the 1972 play That Championship Season in 2011, playing Phil Romano, a role originated by his one-time Law & Order co-star Paul Sorvino.[12] In 2013 he appeared in the Napa Valley, California, theater festival Plaza Del Sol with other performers including Dennis Haysbert.[citation needed]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Noth is co-owner of The Cutting Room, a music venue in New York City that opened in late 1999, with Steve Walter, a former student at Berklee College of Music.[13][14][15][16]

text: Noth met his wife, actress Tara Lynn Wilson, while he was working the bar at The Cutting Room. Wilson has appeared in Frame of Mind and Law and Order: Criminal Intent before Noth joined the cast. The couple began dating in 2004. Their son, Orion Christopher Noth, was born in January 2008,[17] and the couple married on April 6, 2012.[18][19][20]

text: Noth also owned the semi-private club The Plumm with Noel Ashman, David Wells, Damon Dash, Ann Dexter-Jones, Joey McIntyre, and Bo Dietl.[21][22] Noth and Wilson owned Once Upon a Tea Cup, a tea-party themed restaurant franchise with branches in Windsor and London, Ontario (both locations now closed).[23] He is also a supporter of Da Marino in New York City, where he has performed as a singer.[24][25]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1981
Cutter's Way
Guard
Uncredited

1981
Waitress!
Cowley's office

1982
Smithereens
Prostitute

1986
Off Beat
Ely Wareham, Jr.

1987
Baby Boom
Yuppie Husband

1988
Peluru dan Wanita
Falco

1993
Naked in New York
Jason Brett

1995
Burnzy's Last Call
Kevin

1995
Nothing Last Forever
Dr. Ken Mallory

1997
The Deli
Sal

1997
Cold Around the Heart
T

1998
The Broken Giant
Jack Frey

1999
Getting to Know You
Sonny

1999
The Confessions
Camposo

1999
A Texas Funeral
Clinton

1999
Pigeonholed
Devon's father

2000
The Acting Class
Martin Ballsac

2000
Cast Away
Jerry Lovett

2001
Double Whammy
Chick Dimitri

2001
The Glass House
Uncle Jack

2002
Searching for Paradise
Michael De Santis

2004
Mr. 3000
Schiembri

2004
Tooth Fairy
Dad
Short film

2005
The Perfect Man
Ben Cooper

2008
Sex and the City
Mr. Big

2008
Frame of Mind
Steve Lynde

2009
My One and Only
Harlan

2010
Sex and the City 2
Mr. Big

2010
Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths
Lex Luthor (voice)

2010
Sure Fire Hit
Tony

2011
From Up on Poppy Hill
Akio Kazama (voice)

2012
3,2,1... Frankie Go Boom
Jack

2013
Lovelace
Anthony Romano

2014
Elsa & Fred
Jack

2015
After the Ball
Lee Kassell

2016
White Girl
George Fratelli

2016
Chronically Metropolitan
Christopher

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1986
Killer in the Mirror
Johnny Mathews
Television movie

1986
Hill Street Blues
Officer Ron Lipsky
3 episodes

1986
Apology
Roy Burnette
Television movie

1987
At Mother's Request
Steve Klein
Television movie

1987
I'll Take Manhattan
Fred Knox
Television movie

1989
Monsters
The Devil
Episode: "Satan in the Suburbs"

1990–1995
Law & Order
Mike Logan
111 episodes

1993
With Harmful Intent
Dr. Ferries
Television movie

1994
Where Are My Children?
Cliff Vernon
Television movie

1995
Homicide: Life on the Street
Mike Logan
Episode: "Law & Disorder"

1996
Abducted: A Father's Love
Larry Coster
Television movie

1996
Born Free: A New Adventure
Dr. David Thompson
Television movie

1997
Rough Riders
Craig Wadsworth
Television movie

1997
Touched by an Angel
Carl Atwater
Episode: "Full Moon"

1997
Medusa's Child
Tony DiStefano
Television movie

1998–2004
Sex and the City
Mr. Big
41 episodes

1998
Exiled: A Law & Order Movie
Mike Logan
Television movie

2001
Crossing Jordan
FBI Special Agent Drew Haley
2 episodes

2001
The Judge
Paul Madriani
Television movie

2003
Julius Caesar
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Television miniseries

2004
Bad Apple
Mike Tozzi
Television movie

2005–2008
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Mike Logan
36 episodes

2009–2016
The Good Wife
Peter Florrick
101 episodes

2012
Titanic: Blood and Steel
J. P. Morgan
6 episodes

2016
Tyrant
General Cogswell
10 episodes

2017
Manhunt: Unabomber
Don Ackerman

2017
Gone
FBI Agent Frank Booth
Lead role; in production[26]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result

1994
Viewers for Quality Television
Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Law & Order
Nominated

1995
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Nominated

1996
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Nominated

2000
Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Sex and the City
Nominated

2003
Satellite Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Television Series
Nominated

2009
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Cast
Sex and the City
Nominated

2011
Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
The Good Wife
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Nominated

2012
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
Nominated


document_title: Britain's Got Talent (series 2)

question_text: who won the 2nd semi final of bgt

question_tokens: who won the 2nd semi final of bgt

text: Britain's Got Talent (series 2)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Following open auditions held the previous year, the Judge's Auditions took place early in 2008, within London, Manchester, Birmingham, Cardiff, Glasgow and Blackpool. Of the participants that took part, only forty made it past this stage and into the five live semi-finals,[2] with eight appearing in each one, and ten of these acts making it into the live final. The following below lists the results of each participant's overall performance in this series:

text:
Participant
Age(s)1
Genre
Act
From
Semi-Final
Result

Andrew Johnston
13
Singing
Boy soprano
Carlisle
2
3  ! Third place

Andrew Muir
24
Singing
Pop
Fauldhouse, West Lothian
4
4  ! Finalist (Won Judges' vote)

Anya Sparks
42
Dancing
Solo Dance
London
5
5.5  ! Eliminated

Bang On
34/27
Music
Percussionists
Hounslow
2
5.5  ! Eliminated

Boogie Babes
8–12
Dancing
19-strong troupe
Appleby
4
5.5  ! Eliminated

Boogie Wonderland
12–21
Dancing
16-strong troupe
Liverpool
1
5.5  ! Eliminated

Caburlesque
22-26
Dancing
Cabaret/Burlesque
London
5
5.5  ! Eliminated

Charlie Green
10
Singing
Swing music
Worcestershire
3
5  ! Eliminated (Lost Judges' vote)

Charlie Wernham
13
Comedy
Stand-up comedy
Essex
4
5.5  ! Eliminated

Cheeky Monkeys
8/9
Dancing
Junior Couples Dance
Burnley
2
4  ! Finalist (Won Judges' vote)

Craig Harper
35
Singing / Comedy
Pop / Impressionist
Hull
5
5  ! Eliminated (Lost Judges' vote)

Dean Wilson
18
Singing
Musical Theatre
Middlesbrough
1
5  ! Eliminated (Lost Judges' vote)

Deans of Magic
46/38
Magic
Erotic magic
Daventry
3
5.5  ! Eliminated

Diva Las Vegas
20-48
Dancing
7-strong cabaret act
Runcorn
5
5.5  ! Eliminated

Escala
23–26
Music
String quartet
London
5
4  ! Finalist (Won Public vote)

Faryl Smith
12
Singing
Classical
Kettering
4
4  ! Finalist (Won Public vote)

Flava
17–28
Dancing
Hip-hop Dance
Cornwall
2
5  ! Eliminated (Lost Judges' vote)

George Sampson
14
Dancing
Breakdancing
Warrington
3
1  ! Winner[3]

Harlequin Stage School
8–13
Dancing
22-strong troupe
Worcester
4
5.5  ! Eliminated

Hoop La La
22/23/24
Dancing
Hula hoops
Inverness
3
5.5  ! Eliminated

Iona Luvsandorj
27
Contortionist
Solo Contortionist
London
2
5.5  ! Eliminated

Irresistible
23/21/23
Singing / Dancing
Pop
Tyne & Wear
3
5.5  ! Eliminated

James Stone
52
Singing
Pop
Rhyl
4
5.5  ! Eliminated

Jeremy Lynch
20
Acrobatics
Football skills
Essex
4
5  ! Eliminated (Lost Judges' vote)

Kate And Gin
16/6
Dancing/Animals
Musical canine freestyle
Norbury, Cheshire
1
4  ! Finalist (Won Judges' vote)

Kay And Harvey
56/71
Singing
Opera
Bristol
2
5.5  ! Eliminated

Madonna Decena
32
Singing
Pop
Manchester
5
5.5  ! Eliminated

Mandy Ellen Dancers
10–24
Dancing
39-strong troupe
Maidstone
2
5.5  ! Eliminated

Mary Halford March
6–9
Dancing
24-strong troupe
Liverpool
3
5.5  ! Eliminated

Michael Machell
57
Music
Electric Keyboardist
Hastings
1
5.5  ! Eliminated

Nemesis
18–22
Dancing
5-strong troupe
Milton Keynes
5
4  ! Finalist (Won Judges' vote)

Per Diem
24/23
Music
Guitar and voice
Liverpool
5
5.5  ! Eliminated

Phil Blackmore
34
Juggling
Balancing Act
Kingston-upon-Thames
1
5.5  ! Eliminated

Sauris Nandi
64
Magic
Deception & Illusion
London
2
5.5  ! Eliminated

Signature
29/34
Dancing
Michael Jackson / Bhangra
London
1
2  ! 2nd Place

Sophie Mei
20
Dancing
Belly-dancing
Sheffield
1
5.5  ! Eliminated

Strike
22/19
Dancing
Martial arts demo
Sheffield
3
4  ! Finalist (Won Judges' vote)

Tracy Lee Collins
44
Singing
Drag act
Leicester
1
5.5  ! Eliminated

Urban Gypsies
35–50
Dancing
7-strong belly-dancing troupe
Blackpool
3
5.5  ! Eliminated

Vizage
34/30
Magic/Singing
Quick change artists and singers
Hull
4
5.5  ! Eliminated

text: ^1 Ages denoted here are for their last performance in the series.

text: Semi-final summary[edit]

text: Semi-final 1 (26 May)[edit]

text:
Semi-Finalist
Order
Act
Buzzes and judges' votes
Result

0  ! Cowell
0  ! Holden
0  ! Morgan

Boogie Wonderland
1
Dance Group

Eliminated

Kate and Gin
2
Dancing Dog Act

2nd (Won Judges' vote)

Michael Machell
3
Electric Keyboardist

Eliminated

Dean Wilson
4
Musical Theatre Performer

3rd (Lost Judges' vote)

Sophie Mei
5
Belly Dancer

Eliminated

Tracey Lee Collins
6
Drag Act

Eliminated

Phil Blackmore
7
Balancer And Juggler

Eliminated

Signature
8
Michael Jackson/Bhangra Dance Duo

1st (Won Public vote)

text: Semi-final 2 (27 May)[edit]

text:
Semi-Finalist
Order
Act
Buzzes and judges' votes
Result

0  ! Cowell
0  ! Holden
0  ! Morgan

Mandy Ellen Dancers
1
Dance Group

Eliminated

Iona Luvsandorj
2
Contortionist

Eliminated

Cheeky Monkeys
3
Junior Dance Duo

2nd (Won Judges' vote)

Kay and Harvey
4
Opera Singer And Keyboardist

Eliminated

Bang On!
5
Urban Percussionists

Eliminated

Flava
6
Hip-Hop Dance Group

3rd (Lost Judges' vote)

Sauris Nandi
7
Illusionist

Eliminated

Andrew Johnston
8
Boy soprano

1st (Won Public vote)

text: Semi-final 3 (28 May)[edit]

text:
Semi-Finalist
Order
Act
Buzzes and judges' votes
Result

0  ! Cowell
0  ! Holden
0  ! Morgan

Irresistible
1
Vocal Group

Eliminated

Strike
2
Martial Artists

2nd (Won Judges' vote)

Mary Halford March
3
Dance Group

Eliminated

The Deans of Magic
4
Magician

Eliminated

Charlie Green
5
Singer

3rd (Lost Judges' vote)

Urban Gypsies
6
Belly Dancing Group

Eliminated

Hoop La La
7
Hula Hoop Performers

Eliminated

George Sampson
8
Breakdancer

1st (Won Public vote)

text: Semi-final 4 (29 May)[edit]

text:
Semi-Finalist
Order
Act
Buzzes and judges' votes
Result

0  ! Cowell
0  ! Holden
0  ! Morgan

James Stone
1
Singer

Eliminated

Charlie Wernham
2
Stand-up Comedian

Eliminated

Harlequin Stage School
3
Dance Group

Eliminated

Andrew Muir
4
Singer

2nd (Won Judges' vote)

The Boogie Babes
5
Dance Group

Eliminated

Vizage
6
Quick-change

 2

Eliminated

Jeremy Lynch
7
Football Player

3rd (Lost Judges' vote)

Faryl Smith
8
Classical Singer

1st (won public vote)

text: ^2 Amanda Holden stated after the act that Simon Cowell pressed her buzzer.

text: Semi-final 5 (30 May)[edit]

text:
Semi-Finalist
Order
Act
Buzzes and judges' votes
Result

0  ! Cowell
0  ! Holden
0  ! Morgan

Caburlesque
1
Cabaret/Burlesque Group

Eliminated

Madonna Decena
2
Singer

Eliminated

Anya Sparks
3
Dancer

Eliminated

Craig Harper
4
Vocal Impersonator

3rd (Lost Judges' vote)

Diva Las Vegas
5
Cabaret Group

Eliminated

Nemesis
6
Dance Group

2nd (Won Judges' vote)

Per Diem
7
Singer And Guitarist

Eliminated

Escala
8
Electric String Quartet

1st (won public vote)

text: Final (31 May)[edit]

text:
Finalist
Order
Act
Finished

Cheeky Monkeys
1
Junior Dance Duo
10th

Andrew Muir
2
Singer
6th

Kate and Gin
3
Dancing Dog Act
7th

Nemesis
4
Dance Group
9th

Strike
5
Martial Artists
8th

Andrew Johnston
6
Boy soprano
3rd

George Sampson
7
Breakdancer
1st

Faryl Smith
8
Classical Singer
4th

Escala
9
Electric String Quartet
5th

Signature
10
Michael Jackson/Bhangra
2nd

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Episode
Date
Official ITV1 rating
(millions)[4]
Weekly rank[4]
Share

Auditions 1
12 April
9.44
6
37.0%[5]

Auditions 2
19 April
10.96
1
43.3%[6]

Auditions 3
26 April
9.86
3
41.3%[7]

Auditions 4
3 May
9.12
5
39.1%[8]

Auditions 5
10 May
8.17
6
37.9%[9]

Auditions 6
17 May
9.11
2
37.5%[10]

Auditions 7
24 May
8.27
5
37.2%[11]

Semi-final 1
26 May
11.33
4
42.0%[12]

Semi-final 2
27 May
9.29
9
35.3%[13]

Semi-final 3
28 May
10.03
6
35.9%[14]

Semi-final 4
29 May
10.13
5
41.9%[15]

Semi-final 5
30 May
11.86
2
50.0%[16]

Live final
31 May
11.52
3
51.1%[17]

Live final results
13.88
1
55.1%[17]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Professional participants[edit]

text: During the initial broadcast of the second series, several accusations were made in relation to unfair conduct, in which the show was criticised for allowing a professional group of performers to take part. The group in question, Escala, was noted in the media for having already performed during The X Factor wrap party in late 2007, before being invited to take part in the competition by by Simon Cowell after the party. While the band had already been involved in a legal matter over their initial name of "Scala" when they auditioned, after it was found to be already in use by a female voice choir in Belgium,[18] ITV refuted the accusations highlighted by the media, stating that they had gone through "the same application and audition process as everyone else", and that the programme was open to any performer "be it professional or amateur, with any talent".[19]


document_title: Blue-plate special

question_text: where did the term blue plate special come from

text: Blue-plate special

text: History[edit]

text: The origin and explanation of the phrase are unclear. Kevin Reed says that "during the Depression, a manufacturer started making plates with separate sections for each part of a meal—like a frozen dinner tray—it seems that for whatever reason they were only available in the color blue." Michael Quinion cites a dictionary entry indicating that the blue plates were, more specifically, inexpensive divided plates that were decorated with a "blue willow" or similar blue pattern, such as those popularized by Spode and Wedgwood. One of his correspondents says that the first known use of the term is on an October 22, 1892 Fred Harvey Company restaurant menu and implies that blue-plate specials were regular features at Harvey Houses.[2]

text: The term became common starting in the late 1920s. A May 27, 1926 advertisement in The New York Times for "The Famous Old Sea Grill Lobster and Chop House" at 141 West 45th Street promised "A La Carte All Hours", "Moderate Prices", and "Blue Plate Specials". A December 2, 1928 article, lamenting the rise in prices that had made it difficult to "dine on a dime," praised an Ann Street establishment where one could still get "a steak-and-lots-of-onion sandwich for a dime" and a "big blue-plate special, with meat course and three vegetables, is purchasable for a quarter, just as it has been for the last ten years." The first book publication of Damon Runyon's story, "Little Miss Marker," was in a 1934 collection entitled Damon Runyon's Blue Plate Special.[3] A Hollywood columnist wrote in 1940, "Every time Spencer Tracy enters the Metro commissary, executives and minor geniuses look up from their blue plate specials to look at the actor and marvel."[4]

text: "No substitutions" was a common policy on blue-plate specials. One 1947 Candid Microphone episode features Allen Funt ordering a blue-plate special and trying to talk the waiter into making various changes, such as replacing the vegetable soup with consommé, while the polite but increasingly annoyed waiter tries in vain to explain to Funt that "no substitutions" means what it says. Our Man in Havana (1958) by Graham Greene has the following exchange regarding an "American blue-plate lunch":

text:
"Surely you know what a blue-plate is, man? They shove the whole meal at you under your nose, already dished up on your plate  – roast turkey, cranberry sauce, sausages and carrots and French fried. I can't bear French fried but there's no pick and choose with a blue-plate."
"No pick and choose?"
"You eat what you're given. That's democracy, man."

text: Contemporary usage[edit]

text: In contemporary usage, a "blue-plate special" can be any inexpensive full meal, any daily selection, or merely a whimsical phrasing. Travel columnist Wayne Curtis says that a Portland, Maine eatery offers "budget blue-plate specials along with more refined fare."[5]

text: In events[edit]

text: Boston Children's Museum presents a participatory-theater show, sponsored by health insurer Blue Cross, which teaches good nutrition; the show is called Blue Plate Special.[6]

text: Workman's Blue Plate Special is "a monthly eCookbook Club, bringing you specially discounted and free eBooks from an award-winning collection of cookbooks".[7]

text: The WDVX Blue Plate Special is an almost-daily lunch-time concert at the Knoxville Visitor's Center, broadcasting on the East Tennessee radio station WDVX.[8]

text: In film and television[edit]

text: The Turner South cable channel calls a daily movie selection, scheduled at lunchtime, its "blue-plate special".[citation needed] In the 1973 film 'The Sting', Robert Redford's character Johnny "Kelly" Hooker orders the Blue-Plate Special at the diner. In the 1974 film 'The Front Page', condemned killer Earl Williams is said to be getting a "95 cent blue plate special from the greasy spoon across the street" for his last meal.

text: In print[edit]

text: Richard Bernstein titled his New York Times review of Andrew Hurley's book Diners, Bowling Alleys, and Trailer Parks (2001),[9] "The Red, White and Blue Plate Special".[10]

text: Mystery writer Abigail Padgett's second novel about amateur sleuth Blue McCarron is titled The Last Blue Plate Special (2001); no meals here, the blue plates are part of the decor at a clinic where patients are dying mysteriously.[11]

text: Road food experts Jane and Michael Stern titled their guidebook Blue Plate Specials and Blue Ribbon Chefs: The Heart And Soul of America's Great Roadside Restaurants (2001).[12]


document_title: Who Finds a Friend Finds a Treasure

question_text: who finds a friend finds a treasure cast

text: Who Finds a Friend Finds a Treasure

text: Plot[edit]

text: Alan Lloyd (Hill) is an inveterate gambler who accumulates a lot of debt and therefore is forced to flee, pursued by shady employers in the area. Charlie O'Brien (Spencer) is an actor who advertises a jam that tastes horrible and is embarking on a long promotional boat trip. Alan, still fleeing, hides inside Charlie's boat behind his back.

text: After Alan is discovered, the two get into a fight and fall out of the boat, eventually reaching a remote island in the Pacific. There, the two initially believe they are on a desert island, but then discover that it is inhabited and familiarize themselves with the natives. But the welcome party is interrupted by a group of pirates who come each year to capture some natives to sell them as slaves, but they do not know that there are now Alan and Charlie will give them the heave-ho to the sound of punches and blows. Expelled the invaders, the two friends and the natives celebrate and make peace with an old Japanese general in a fort on the island who still believed that the World War II was not over. The man receives in his bunker Alan and Charlie and shows them a huge amount of money that he kept hidden for years. Charlie is crazy with joy and steals them all in secret, while the Japanese confides to Alan that they were all fake.

text: Charlie plans to go on a plane half destroyed, but the pirates on the island inadvertently come back more aggressive and with the incursion of a group of members who had the honor to clash with Alan at the beginning of the story. The natives are captured and humiliated, so Alan and Charlie, who in the meantime had gone off without the latter had discovered the secret of fake money, swoop down with the plane on the attackers. But there's more, the two heroes must fight with their enemies in a battle to the sound of blows and punches that will bring lasting peace to the island. They are then rescued by the crew of USS Forrestal.

text: Finally the only ones to have lost something after the adventure, Alan and Charlie are just that, discovering the falsity of the bills, find work as scavengers of a museum.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Terence Hill: Alan Lloyd
Bud Spencer: Charlie O'Brien
Sal Borgese: Anulu
John Fujioka: Kamasuka, a Japanese holdout
Louise Bennett: Mama
Tom Tully: Marine Captain