document_title: 1990 FIFA World Cup

question_text: who did england get knocked out by in 1990

question_tokens: who did england get knocked out by in 1990

text: 1990 FIFA World Cup

text: Host selection[edit]

text: The vote to choose the hosts of the 1990 tournament was held on 19 May 1984 in Zürich, Switzerland. Here, the FIFA Executive Committee chose Italy ahead of the only rival bid, the USSR, by 11 votes to 5.[9] This awarding made Italy only the second nation to host two World Cup tournaments, after Mexico had also achieved this with their 1986 staging. Italy had previously had the event in 1934, where they had won their first championship.

text: Austria, England, France, Greece, West Germany and Yugoslavia also submitted initial applications for 31 July 1983 deadline.[10] A month later, only England, Greece, Italy and the Soviet Union remained in the hunt after the other contenders all withdrew.[11] All four bids were assessed by FIFA in late 1983, with the final decision over-running into 1984 due to the volume of paperwork involved.[12] In early 1984, England and Greece also withdrew, leading to a two-horse race in the final vote. The Soviet boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games, announced on the eve of the World Cup decision, was speculated to have been a major factor behind Italy winning the vote so decisively,[13] although this was denied by the FIFA President João Havelange.[9]

text: Qualification[edit]

text: 116 teams entered the 1990 World Cup, including Italy as host nation and Argentina as reigning World Cup champions, who were both granted automatic qualification. Thus, the remaining 22 finals places were divided among the continental confederations, with 114 initially entering the qualification competition. Due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 103 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages.

text: Thirteen places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), two by CONMEBOL teams (South America), two by CAF teams (Africa), two by AFC teams (Asia), and two by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and Caribbean). The remaining place was decided by a play-off between a CONMEBOL team and a team from the OFC (Oceania).

text: Both Mexico and Chile were disqualified during the qualification process; the former for fielding an overage player in a prior youth tournament,[14] the latter after goalkeeper Roberto Rojas faked injury from a firework thrown from the stands, which caused the match to be abandoned. Chile were also banned from the 1994 qualifiers for this offence.

text: Three teams made their debuts, as this was the first World Cup to feature Costa Rica and the Republic of Ireland, and the only one to date to feature the United Arab Emirates.

text: Returning after long absences were Egypt, who appeared for the first time since 1934, the United States, who competed for the first time since 1950, Colombia, who appeared for the first time since 1962, Romania, who last appeared at the Finals in 1970 and Sweden and the Netherlands, both of which last qualified in 1978. Austria, Cameroon, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia also returned after missing the 1986 tournament.

text: Among the teams who failed to qualify were 1986 semi-finalists France (missing out their first World Cup since 1974), Denmark, Poland (for the first time since 1970), Portugal and Hungary.

text: List of qualified teams[edit]

text: The following 24 teams qualified for the final tournament.

text:
AFC (2)
 South Korea
 United Arab Emirates
CAF (2)
 Egypt
 Cameroon
OFC (0)
None qualified

CONCACAF (2)
 Costa Rica
 United States
CONMEBOL (4)
 Argentina
 Brazil
 Colombia
 Uruguay

UEFA (14)
 Austria
 Belgium
 Czechoslovakia
 England
 Italy (hosts)
 Netherlands
 Republic of Ireland
 Romania
 Scotland
 Soviet Union
 Spain
 Sweden
 West Germany
 Yugoslavia

   Countries qualified for World Cup   Country failed to qualify   Countries that did not enter the World Cup or were expelled from the tournament by FIFA prior to playing a match   Country not a FIFA member

tag: table

text: Venues[edit]

text: Twelve stadiums in twelve cities were selected to host matches at the 1990 World Cup. The Stadio San Nicola in Bari and Turin's Stadio delle Alpi were completely new venues opened for the World Cup.

text: The remaining ten venues all underwent extensive programmes of improvements in preparation for the tournament, forcing many of the club tenants of the stadia to move to temporary homes. Additional seating and roofs were added to most stadia, with further redevelopments seeing running tracks removed and new pitches laid. Due to structural constraints, several of the existing stadia had to be virtually rebuilt to implement the changes required.

text: Like Espana '82, the group stage of this tournament was organized in such a way where specific groups only played in two cities close in proximity to each other. Group A only played in Rome and Florence (Hosts Italy played all their competitive matches in Rome, except for their semi-final and third place matches, which were played in Naples and Bari, respectively), Group B played their matches in Naples and Bari (except for Argentina vs. Cameroon, which was the opening match of the tournament, played in Milan), Group C played their matches in Turin and Genoa, Group D played all their matches in Milan and Bologna, Group E played only in Udine and Verona, and Group F played on the island cities of Cagliari and Palermo. The cities that hosted the most World Cup matches were the two biggest cities in Italy: Rome and Milan, each hosting six matches, and Bari, Naples and Turin each hosted five matches. Cagliari, Udine and Palermo were the only cities of the 12 selected that did not host any knockout round matches.

text: The England national team, at the British government's request, were forced to play all their matches in Cagliari on the island of Sardinia. Hooliganism, rife in English football in the 1980s, had followed the national team while they played friendlies on the European continent – the distrust of English fans was so high that the English FA's reputation and even diplomatic relations between the UK and Italy were seen to be at risk if England played any group stage matches on the Italian mainland. Thanks largely to British Sports Minister Colin Moynihan's negative remarks about English fans weeks before the match, security around Cagliari during England's three matches there was extremely heavy – in addition to 7,000 local police and Carabineri, highly trained Italian military special forces were also there patrolling the premises. The Italian authorities' heavy presence proved to be justified as there were several riots during the time England were playing their matches in Cagliari, leading to a number of injuries, arrests and even deportations.[15][16]

text: Most of the construction cost in excess of their original estimates and total costs ended up being over £550 million (approximately $935 million). Rome's Stadio Olimpico which would host the final was the most expensive project overall, while Udine's Stadio Friuli, the newest of the existing stadia (opened 14 years prior), cost the least to redevelop.

text:
Milan

Rome

Turin

Naples

San Siro

Stadio Olimpico

Stadio delle Alpi

Stadio San Paolo

45°28′40.89″N 9°7′27.14″E / 45.4780250°N 9.1242056°E / 45.4780250; 9.1242056 (San Siro)

41°56′1.99″N 12°27′17.23″E / 41.9338861°N 12.4547861°E / 41.9338861; 12.4547861 (Stadio Olimpico)

45°06′34.42″N 7°38′28.54″E / 45.1095611°N 7.6412611°E / 45.1095611; 7.6412611 (Stadio delle Alpi)

40°49′40.68″N 14°11′34.83″E / 40.8279667°N 14.1930083°E / 40.8279667; 14.1930083 (Stadio San Paolo)

Capacity: 74,559[17][18]

Capacity: 73,603[17][18]

Capacity: 62,628[17][18]

Capacity: 59,978[17][18]

Bari

RomeMilanNaplesTurinBariVeronaFlorenceCagliariBolognaUdinePalermoGenoa

Florence

Stadio San Nicola

Stadio Comunale

41°5′5.05″N 16°50′24.26″E / 41.0847361°N 16.8400722°E / 41.0847361; 16.8400722 (Stadio San Nicola)

43°46′50.96″N 11°16′56.13″E / 43.7808222°N 11.2822583°E / 43.7808222; 11.2822583 (Stadio Artemio Franchi)

Capacity: 51,426[17][18]

Capacity: 38,971[17][18]

Verona

Udine

Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi

Stadio Friuli

45°26′7.28″N 10°58′7.13″E / 45.4353556°N 10.9686472°E / 45.4353556; 10.9686472 (Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi)

46°4′53.77″N 13°12′0.49″E / 46.0816028°N 13.2001361°E / 46.0816028; 13.2001361 (Stadio Friuli)

Capacity: 35,950[17][18]

Capacity: 35,713[17][18]

Cagliari

Bologna

Palermo

Genoa

Stadio Sant'Elia

Stadio Renato Dall'Ara

Stadio La Favorita

Stadio Luigi Ferraris

39°11′57.82″N 9°8′5.83″E / 39.1993944°N 9.1349528°E / 39.1993944; 9.1349528 (Stadio Sant'Elia)

44°29′32.33″N 11°18′34.80″E / 44.4923139°N 11.3096667°E / 44.4923139; 11.3096667 (Stadio Renato Dall'Ara)

38°9′9.96″N 13°20′32.19″E / 38.1527667°N 13.3422750°E / 38.1527667; 13.3422750 (Stadio Renzo Barbera)

44°24′59.15″N 8°57′8.74″E / 44.4164306°N 8.9524278°E / 44.4164306; 8.9524278 (Stadio Luigi Ferraris)

Capacity: 35,238[17][18]

Capacity: 34,520[17][18]

Capacity: 33,288[17][18]

Capacity: 31,823[17][18]

text: Squads[edit]

text: Squads for the 1990 World Cup consisted of 22 players, as for the previous tournament in 1986. Replacement of injured players was permitted during the tournament at FIFA's discretion. Two goalkeepers – Argentina's Ángel Comizzo and England's Dave Beasant – entered their respective squads during the tournament to replace injured players (Nery Pumpido and David Seaman).

text: Match officials[edit]

text: 41 match officials from 34 countries were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees. Officials in italics were only used as assistants during the tournament. Referees dressed only in traditional black jerseys for the final time at a World Cup (a red change shirt was used for two Group C games in which Scotland wore their navy blue shirts).

text:
showList of match officials

Africa
 Mohamed Hansal
 Neji Jouini
 Jean-Fidèle Diramba
Asia
 Jamal Al Sharif
 Jassim Mandi
 Shizuo Takada
Europe
 Luigi Agnolin
 Emilio Soriano Aladrén
 George Courtney
 Pietro D'Elia
 Erik Fredriksson
 Siegfried Kirschen
 Helmut Kohl
 Tullio Lanese
 Michał Listkiewicz
 Rosario Lo Bello
 Carlo Longhi
 Pierluigi Magni
 Peter Mikkelsen
 Pierluigi Pairetto
 Zoran Petrović
 Joël Quiniou
 Kurt Röthlisberger
 Aron Schmidhuber
 Carlos Silva Valente
 George Smith
 Alan Snoddy
 Alexey Spirin
 Marcel Van Langenhove
 Michel Vautrot

North and Central America
 Edgardo Codesal
 Vincent Mauro
 Berny Ulloa Morera
Oceania
 Richard Lorenc
South America
 Juan Daniel Cardellino
 Armando Pérez Hoyos
 Elías Jácome
 Juan Carlos Loustau
 Carlos Maciel
 Hernán Silva
 José Roberto Wright

text: Groups[edit]

text: Seedings[edit]

text: The six seeded teams for the 1990 tournament were announced on 7 December 1989.[19] The seeds were then allocated to the six groups in order of their seeding rank (1st seed to Group A, 2nd seed to Group B, etc.).

text: The seeds were decided by FIFA based on the nations' performance in, primarily, the 1986 World Cup with the 1982 World Cup also considered as a secondary influence. Six of the final eight in 1986 had qualified for the 1990 tournament, the missing nations being Mexico (quarter-final in 1986) and France (third place). Italy – who were seeded first as hosts – had not reached the final eight in 1986 and this left FIFA needing to exclude one of the three (qualified) nations who were eliminated in the 1986 quarter-finals: Brazil, England or Spain.

text: Owing to their performance in 1982 but also to their overall World Cup record, Brazil were seeded third and not considered to drop out of the seedings. FIFA opted to seed England ahead of Spain. Spain had only been eliminated in 1986 on penalties, albeit by fourth-placed Belgium, while England had been defeated in 90 minutes by eventual winners Argentina; both countries had also reached the second stage in the 1982 event, playing in the same group in the second group stage with England ending up ahead of Spain, but Spain had also appeared in the 1978 event, while England had failed to qualify. FIFA President João Havelange had reportedly earlier stated that Spain would be seeded.

text: Spanish officials believed the seeding was contrived to ensure England would be placed in Group F, the group to be held off the Italian mainland, in a bid to contain England's hooliganism problems. Their coach Luis Suárez said, "We feel we've been cheated...they wanted to seed England and to send it to Cagliari at all costs. So they invented this formula".[19] FIFA countered that "the formula was based on the teams' respective showings during the previous two World Cups. England merited the sixth position. This is in no way a concession to English hooliganism".[19]

text: Meanwhile, the Netherlands also had an argument that on grounds of recent footballing form, they should be seeded, as the winners of the 1988 European Championship, in which both Spain and England had been eliminated in the group stages, while Belgium (fourth in the 1986 World Cup after beating Spain, and thus seeded in 1990) had failed to even qualify: but this argument was countered by the fact that the Netherlands had themselves failed to qualify for both the 1982 and 1986 World Cups, which was considered the most important factor in the decision not to seed them.[20]

text: As it happened, the two teams considered the most unlucky not to be seeded, namely Spain and the Netherlands, were both drawn in groups against the two teams considered the weakest of the seeded nations, namely Belgium and England: and the arguments over the seeding positions fizzled out.  England could be said to have justified their seeded position by narrowly winning their group ahead of the Netherlands: while Spain seemed to have made their own point about being worth a seeded position, by defeating Belgium to top their own group, in doing so gaining a measure of revenge for the fact that it was Belgium who had eliminated them in 1986.

text:
Seeds

Pot 1[21]

Pot 2[21]

Pot 3[21]

 Italy (1st)
 Argentina (2nd)
 Brazil (3rd)
 West Germany (4th)
 Belgium (5th)
 England (6th)

 Cameroon
 Costa Rica
 Egypt
 South Korea
 United Arab Emirates
 United States

 Colombia
 Czechoslovakia
 Republic of Ireland
 Romania
 Sweden
 Uruguay

 Austria
 Netherlands
 Scotland
 Spain
 Soviet Union
 Yugoslavia

text: Final draw[edit]

text: On 9 December 1989 the draw was conducted at the Palazzetto dello Sport in Rome, where the teams were drawn out from the three pots to be placed with the seeded teams in their predetermined groups. The only stipulation of the draw was that no group could feature two South American teams.[21] The ceremony was hosted by Italian television presenter Pippo Baudo, with Italian actress Sophia Loren and opera singer Luciano Pavarotti conducting the draw alongside FIFA general secretary Sepp Blatter.[22]

text: The draw show was FIFA's most ambitious yet with Pelé, Bobby Moore and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge appearing, as well as a performance of the Italian version of the tournament's official song "To Be Number One" by Giorgio Moroder, performed as "Un'estate italiana" by Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini.[23]

text: The event also featured the official mascot of this World Cup, Ciao, a stick figure player with a football head and an Italian tricolor body that formed the word "ITALIA" when deconstructed and reconstructed.[24] Its name is a greeting in Italian.

text: Tournament review[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The finals tournament began in Italy on 8 June and concluded on 8 July. The format of the 1990 competition remained the same as in 1986: 24 qualified teams were divided into six groups of four. The top two teams and four best third-place finishers from the six groups advanced to the knockout stage, which eliminated the teams until a winner emerged. In total, 52 games were played.

text: Negative tactics[edit]

text: The tournament generated a record low goals-per-game average and a then-record of 16 red cards were handed out. In the knockout stage, many teams played defensively for 120 minutes, with the intention of trying their luck in the penalty shoot-out, rather than risk going forward. Two exceptions were the eventual champions West Germany and hosts Italy, the only teams to win three of their four knockout matches in normal time. There were four penalty shoot-outs, a record subsequently equalled in the 2006, 2014 and 2018 tournaments. Eight matches went to extra time, a record equalled in the 2014 tournament.

text: Ireland and Argentina were prime examples of this trend of cautious defensive play; the Irish team fell behind in two of their three group matches and only equalised late in both games. Losing finalists Argentina, meanwhile, scored only five goals in the entire tournament (a record low for a finalist). Argentina also became the first team to advance twice on penalty shoot-outs and the first team to fail to score and have a player sent off in a World Cup final.

text: Largely as a result of this trend FIFA introduced the back-pass rule in time for the 1994 tournament to make it harder for teams to time-waste by repeatedly passing the ball back for their goalkeepers to pick up. Three, rather than two points would be awarded for victories at future tournaments to help further encourage attacking play.

text: Emergence of Cameroon[edit]

text: Cameroon reached the quarter-finals, where they were narrowly defeated by England. They opened the tournament with a shock victory over reigning champions Argentina, before topping the group ahead of them, Romania and European Championship runners-up the Soviet Union. Their success was fired by the goals of Roger Milla, a 38-year-old forward who came out of international retirement to join the national squad at the last moment after a personal request from Cameroonian President Paul Biya. Milla's four goals and flamboyant goal celebrations made him one of the tournament's biggest stars as well as taking Cameroon to the last eight. Most of Cameroon's squad was made up of players who played in France's premier football league, Ligue 1- French is one of the officially spoken languages in Cameroon, it being a former French territory. In reaching this stage, they had gone further than any African nation had ever managed in a World Cup before; a feat only equalled twice since (by Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010). Their success was African football's biggest yet on the world stage and FIFA subsequently decided to allocate the CAF qualifying zone an additional place for the next World Cup tournament.

text: All-champion final four[edit]

text: Despite the performances of nations such as Cameroon, Colombia, Ireland, Romania and Costa Rica, the semi-finalists consisted of Argentina, England, Italy and West Germany, all previous World Cup winners, with eight previous titles between them. After the 1970 tournament, this is only the second time in the history of the World Cup this has occurred. The teams which finished first, second and third had also contested both the two previous World Cup Finals between themselves.

text: Results[edit]

text: Group stage[edit]

text: All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

text: Champion   Runner-up    Third place   Fourth place    Quarter-finals   Round of 16    Group stage

text: In the following tables:

text:
Pld = total games played
W = total games won
D = total games drawn (tied)
L = total games lost
GF = total goals scored (goals for)
GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
Pts = total points accumulated

text: The Group stage saw the twenty-four teams divided into six groups of four teams. Each group was a round-robin of six games, where each team played one match against each of the other teams in the same group. Teams were awarded two points for a win, one point for a draw and none for a defeat. The teams coming first and second in each group qualified for the Round of 16. The four best third-placed teams would also advance to the next stage.

text: Typical of a World Cup staged in Europe, the matches all started at either 5:00 or 9:00 in the evening; this allowed for the games to avoid being played in the heat of an Italian summer, which would soar past 86F (30C) all over Italy.

text: If teams were level on points, they were ranked on the following criteria in order:

text:
Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
If teams remained level after those criteria, a mini-group would be formed from those teams, who would be ranked on:
Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
If teams remained level after all these criteria, FIFA would hold a drawing of lots

tag: ol

text: Group A[edit]

text: Hosts Italy won Group A with a 100 percent record. They beat Austria 1–0 thanks to substitute Salvatore 'Totò' Schillaci, who had played only one international before but would become a star during the tournament. A second 1–0 victory followed against a United States team already thumped 5–1 by Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovaks ended runners-up in the group, while the USA's first appearance in a World Cup Finals since 1950 ended with three consecutive defeats.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Italy (H)

3

3

0

0

4

0

+4

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Czechoslovakia

3

2

0

1

6

3

+3

4

3

 Austria

3

1

0

2

2

3

−1

2

4

 United States

3

0

0

3

2

8

−6

0

text:
9 June 1990

Italy
1–0
 Austria
Stadio Olimpico, Rome

10 June 1990

United States
1–5
 Czechoslovakia
Stadio Comunale, Florence

14 June 1990

Italy
1–0
 United States
Stadio Olimpico, Rome

15 June 1990

Austria
0–1
 Czechoslovakia
Stadio Comunale, Florence

19 June 1990

Italy
2–0
 Czechoslovakia
Stadio Olimpico, Rome

Austria
2–1
 United States
Stadio Comunale, Florence

text: Group B[edit]

text: Cameroon defeated reigning champions Argentina. Despite ending the match with only nine men, the African team held on for a shock 1–0 win, with contrasting fortunes for the brothers Biyik: François Omam scoring the winning goal, shortly after seeing Andre Kana sent off for a serious foul. In their second game the introduction of Roger Milla was the catalyst for a 2–1 win over Romania, Milla scoring twice from the bench (making him the oldest goalscorer in the tournament). With progression assured, Cameroon slumped to a 4–0 defeat in their final group game to the Soviet Union (in what would be their last World Cup due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union), who were striving to stay in the tournament on goal difference after successive 2–0 defeats.  Argentina lost their veteran goalkeeper, Nery Pumpido, to a broken leg during their victory over the USSR: his replacement, Sergio Goycochea, proved to be one of the stars of their tournament.  In the final match, a 1–1 draw between Romania and Argentina sent both through, equal on points and on goal difference but Romania having the advantage on goals scored: Romania were thus second, Argentina qualified as one of the best third-placed teams.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Cameroon

3

2

0

1

3

5

−2

4

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Romania

3

1

1

1

4

3

+1

3

3

 Argentina

3

1

1

1

3

2

+1

3

4

 Soviet Union

3

1

0

2

4

4

0

2

text:
8 June 1990

Argentina
0–1
 Cameroon
San Siro, Milan

9 June 1990

Soviet Union
0–2
 Romania
Stadio San Nicola, Bari

13 June 1990

Argentina
2–0
 Soviet Union
Stadio San Paolo, Naples

14 June 1990

Cameroon
2–1
 Romania
Stadio San Nicola, Bari

18 June 1990

Argentina
1–1
 Romania
Stadio San Paolo, Naples

Cameroon
0–4
 Soviet Union
Stadio San Nicola, Bari

text: Group C[edit]

text: Costa Rica beat Scotland 1–0 in their first match, lost 1–0 to Brazil in their second, then saw off Sweden 2–1 to claim a place in the second round. Brazil took maximum points from the group. They began with a 2–1 win over Sweden, then beat both Costa Rica and Scotland 1–0. Scotland's 2–1 win over Sweden was not enough to save them from an early return home as one of the two lowest-ranked third-placed teams.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Brazil

3

3

0

0

4

1

+3

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Costa Rica

3

2

0

1

3

2

+1

4

3

 Scotland

3

1

0

2

2

3

−1

2

4

 Sweden

3

0

0

3

3

6

−3

0

text:
10 June 1990

Brazil
2–1
 Sweden
Stadio delle Alpi, Turin

11 June 1990

Costa Rica
1–0
 Scotland
Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa

16 June 1990

Brazil
1–0
 Costa Rica
Stadio delle Alpi, Turin

Sweden
1–2
 Scotland
Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa

20 June 1990

Brazil
1–0
 Scotland
Stadio delle Alpi, Turin

Sweden
1–2
 Costa Rica
Stadio Luigi Ferraris, Genoa

text: Group D[edit]

text: Group D featured the most goals of all the groups, most due to two large wins of West Germany and defensive inadequacies of a United Arab Emirates team that lost 2–0 to Colombia, 5–1 to West Germany and 4–1 to Yugoslavia. The West Germans topped the group after a 4–1 opening victory over group runners-up Yugoslavia.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 West Germany

3

2

1

0

10

3

+7

5

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Yugoslavia

3

2

0

1

6

5

+1

4

3

 Colombia

3

1

1

1

3

2

+1

3

4

 United Arab Emirates

3

0

0

3

2

11

−9

0

text:
9 June 1990

United Arab Emirates
0–2
 Colombia
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna

10 June 1990

West Germany
4–1
 Yugoslavia
San Siro, Milan

14 June 1990

Yugoslavia
1–0
 Colombia
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna

15 June 1990

West Germany
5–1
 United Arab Emirates
San Siro, Milan

19 June 1990

West Germany
1–1
 Colombia
San Siro, Milan

Yugoslavia
4–1
 United Arab Emirates
Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, Bologna

text: Group E[edit]

text: The winners of Group E were Spain, for whom Michel hit a hat-trick as they beat South Korea 3–1 in an unbeaten group campaign. Belgium won their first two games against South Korea and Uruguay to ensure their progress; Uruguay's advance to the second round came with an injury time winner against South Korea to edge them through as the weakest of the third-placed sides to remain in the tournament.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Spain

3

2

1

0

5

2

+3

5

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Belgium

3

2

0

1

6

3

+3

4

3

 Uruguay

3

1

1

1

2

3

−1

3

4

 South Korea

3

0

0

3

1

6

−5

0

text:
12 June 1990

Belgium
2–0
 South Korea
Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona

13 June 1990

Uruguay
0–0
 Spain
Stadio Friuli, Udine

17 June 1990

Belgium
3–1
 Uruguay
Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona

South Korea
1–3
 Spain
Stadio Friuli, Udine

21 June 1990

Belgium
1–2
 Spain
Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi, Verona

South Korea
0–1
 Uruguay
Stadio Friuli, Udine

text: Group F[edit]

text: Group F, featured the Netherlands, England, the Republic of Ireland and Egypt. In the six group games, no team managed to score more than once in a match. England beat Egypt 1–0, the only match with a decisive result, and that was enough to win the group. The group containing England, Ireland and the Netherlands was remarkably similar to the group stage of the 1988 European Championship, which had eventually been won by the Netherlands, with England crashing out with three losses (to Ireland, the Netherlands and the USSR) and Ireland also narrowly failing to progress after losing to the Netherlands and drawing with the USSR. The results of the 1990 group, however, were different: England took the lead with an early goal for Lineker against Ireland, but Sheedy's late equalizer gave them a share of the spoils. The Netherlands failed to replicate their form of two years earlier, only drawing against Egypt: they had taken a 1-0 lead, but without impressing, and Egypt were well worth their equalizer courtesy of a penalty by Abdelghani.  England then had much the better of their goalless draw with the Netherlands: indeed they had the ball in the net once, from a free-kick by Pearce, but it was disallowed. For the second World Cup in succession, however, England lost their captain Bryan Robson to an injury which put him out of the tournament, just over halfway through their second match. Ireland and Egypt barely registered a shot on goal between them in the other 0-0 draw: after the first four matches all four teams had equal records with 2 draws, 1 goal for and 1 goal against. England's victory over Egypt, thanks to a 58th-minute goal from Mark Wright, put them top of the group: in the other match, Gullit gave the Netherlands the lead against Ireland, but Niall Quinn scored a second-half equalizer and the two teams finished in second and third, still with identical records. Both teams qualified but they had to draw lots to place the teams in second and third place.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 England

3

1

2

0

2

1

+1

4

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Republic of Ireland

3

0

3

0

2

2

0

3

3

 Netherlands

3

0

3

0

2

2

0

3

4

 Egypt

3

0

2

1

1

2

−1

2

text: The Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands finished with identical records. With both teams assured of progressing, they were split by the drawing of lots to determine second and third place.

text:
11 June 1990

England
1–1
 Republic of Ireland
Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari

12 June 1990

Netherlands
1–1
 Egypt
Stadio La Favorita, Palermo

16 June 1990

England
0–0
 Netherlands
Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari

17 June 1990

Republic of Ireland
0–0
 Egypt
Stadio La Favorita, Palermo

21 June 1990

England
1–0
 Egypt
Stadio Sant'Elia, Cagliari

Republic of Ireland
1–1
 Netherlands
Stadio La Favorita, Palermo

text: Ranking of third-placed teams[edit]

text:
Pos

Grp

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

B

 Argentina

3

1

1

1

3

2

+1

3

Advance to knockout stage

2

D

 Colombia

3

1

1

1

3

2

+1

3

3

F

 Netherlands

3

0

3

0

2

2

0

3

4

E

 Uruguay

3

1

1

1

2

3

−1

3

5

A

 Austria

3

1

0

2

2

3

−1

2

6

C

 Scotland

3

1

0

2

2

3

−1

2

text: Ireland won the drawing of lots against the Netherlands for second place in Group F: the Netherlands were the only third-placed team not to have won any matches - or lost any: they progressed with three draws (3 points), ahead of Austria and Scotland who each had one win and two losses (2 points).

text: Knockout stage[edit]

text: The knockout stage involved the 16 teams that qualified from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were: round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, final. There was also a play-off to decide third/fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level there would be a penalty shoot-out (five penalties each, if neither team already had a decisive advantage, and more if necessary) to determine who progressed to the next round. Scores after extra time are indicated by (aet) and penalty shoot-outs are indicated by (p).

text:
Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

24 June – Turin

  Brazil

 0

30 June – Florence

  Argentina

 1

  Argentina (p)

 0 (3)

26 June – Verona

  Yugoslavia

 0 (2)

  Spain

 1

3 July – Naples

  Yugoslavia (aet)

 2

  Argentina (p)

 1 (4)

25 June – Genoa

  Italy

 1 (3)

  Republic of Ireland (p)

 0 (5)

30 June – Rome

  Romania

 0 (4)

  Republic of Ireland

 0

25 June – Rome

  Italy

 1

  Italy

 2

8 July – Rome

  Uruguay

 0

  Argentina

 0

23 June – Bari

  West Germany

 1

  Czechoslovakia

 4

1 July – Milan

  Costa Rica

 1

  Czechoslovakia

 0

24 June – Milan

  West Germany

 1

  West Germany

 2

4 July – Turin

  Netherlands

 1

  West Germany (p)

 1 (4)

23 June – Naples

  England

 1 (3)

Third place

  Cameroon (aet)

 2

1 July – Naples

7 July – Bari

  Colombia

 1

  Cameroon

 2

  Italy

 2

26 June – Bologna

  England (aet)

 3

  England

 1

  England (aet)

 1

  Belgium

 0

text: All times listed are local (UTC+2)

text: Round of 16[edit]

text: Two of the ties – Brazil vs Argentina and Italy vs Uruguay – pitted former champion countries against each other and West Germany met the Netherlands in a rematch of the 1974 World Cup Final.

text: The all-South American game was won for Argentina by a goal from Claudio Caniggia with 10 minutes remaining after a run through the Brazilian defence by Diego Maradona and an outstanding performance from their goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea. It would later come to light that Branco had been offered water spiked with tranquillisers by Maradona and Ricardo Giusti during half time, to slow him down in the second half. Initially discredited by the press, Branco would be publicly proven right years later, when Maradona confessed the episode on a TV show in Argentina.[25] As for Italy, a strong second half showing saw the hosts beat Uruguay 2–0, thanks to another goal from Schillaci and one from Aldo Serena.

text: The match between West Germany and the Netherlands was held in Milan, and both sides featured several notable players from the two Milanese clubs (Germans Andreas Brehme, Lothar Matthäus and Jürgen Klinsmann for Internazionale, and Dutchmen Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit and Frank Rijkaard for Milan). After 22 minutes Rudi Völler and Rijkaard were both dismissed after a number of incidents between the two players (including Rijkaard spitting on Völler) left the Argentine referee with no option but to send them both off. As the players walked off the pitch together, Rijkaard spat on Völler a second time. Early in the second half, Jürgen Klinsmann put the West Germans ahead and Andreas Brehme added a second with eight minutes left. A Ronald Koeman penalty for the Netherlands in the 89th minute narrowed the score to 2–1 but the Germans saw the game out to gain some revenge for their exit to the Dutch in the previous European Championship.

text: Meanwhile, the heroics of Cameroon and Roger Milla continued in their game with Colombia. Milla was introduced as a second-half substitute with the game goalless, eventually breaking the deadlock midway in extra time. Three minutes later he netted a second after Colombian goalkeeper, René Higuita was dispossessed by Milla while well out of his goal, leaving the striker free to slot the ball into the empty net. Though the deficit was soon reduced to 2–1, Cameroon held on to become the first African team ever to reach the World Cup quarter-finals. Costa Rica were comfortably beaten 4–1 by Czechoslovakia, for whom Tomáš Skuhravý scored the tournament's second and final hat-trick.

text: The Republic of Ireland's match with Romania remained goalless after extra time and the Irish side won 5–4 on penalties. David O'Leary converted the penalty that clinched Ireland's place in the quarter-finals. Ireland thus became the first team since Sweden in 1938 to reach the last eight in a World Cup finals tournament without winning a match outright. Yugoslavia beat Spain 2–1 after extra time, with Dragan Stojković scoring both the Yugoslavs' goals. England were the final qualifier against Belgium, as midfielder David Platt's swivelling volley broke the stalemate with the game moments away from a penalty shoot-out.

text:
Cameroon

2–1 (a.e.t.)

 Colombia

Milla  106', 108'

Report

Redín  115'

text:
Czechoslovakia

4–1

 Costa Rica

Skuhravý  12', 63', 82'Kubík  75'

Report

González  54'

text:
Brazil

0–1

 Argentina

Report

Caniggia  80'

text:
West Germany

2–1

 Netherlands

Klinsmann  51'Brehme  82'

Report

R. Koeman  89' (pen.)

text:
Republic of Ireland

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 Romania

Report

Penalties

Sheedy Houghton Townsend Cascarino O'Leary

5–4

 Hagi Lupu Rotariu Lupescu Timofte

text:
Italy

2–0

 Uruguay

Schillaci  65'Serena  83'

Report

text:
Spain

1–2 (a.e.t.)

 Yugoslavia

Salinas  83'

Report

Stojković  78', 92'

text:
England

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Belgium

Platt  119'

Report

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text: The first game of the last 8 saw Argentina and a Yugoslav side, reduced to 10 men after only half an hour, play out a goalless stalemate. The holders reached the semi-finals after winning the penalty shoot-out 3–2, despite Maradona having his penalty saved. A second Argentine miss (by Pedro Troglio) looked to have eliminated them until goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea – playing because first choice Nery Pumpido broke his leg during the group stage – rescued his side by stopping the Yugoslavs' final two spotkicks.

text: The Republic of Ireland's World Cup run was brought to an end by a single goal from Schillaci in the first half of their quarter-final with hosts Italy. West Germany beat Czechoslovakia with a 25th minute Lothar Matthäus penalty.

text: The quarter-final between England and Cameroon was the only quarter-final to produce more than one goal. Despite Cameroon's heroics earlier in the tournament, David Platt put England ahead in the 25th minute. At half-time, Milla was brought on. In the second half, the game was turned on its head during a five-minute stretch: first Cameroon were awarded a penalty from which Emmanuel Kunde scored the equaliser; then in the 65th minute Eugene Ekeke put Cameroon ahead. Cameroon came within eight minutes of reaching the semi-finals before they conceded a penalty, which Gary Lineker converted. Midway through extra time, England were awarded another penalty and Lineker again scored from the spot. England were through to the semi-finals for the first time since the days of Bobby Moore 24 years prior.

text:
Argentina

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 Yugoslavia

Report

Penalties

Serrizuela  Burruchaga  Maradona Troglio Dezotti

3–2

 Stojković Prosinečki Savićević Brnović Hadžibegić

text:
Republic of Ireland

0–1

 Italy

Report

Schillaci  38'

text:
Czechoslovakia

0–1

 West Germany

Report

Matthäus  25' (pen.)

text:
Cameroon

2–3 (a.e.t.)

 England

Kundé  61' (pen.)Ekéké  65'

Report

Platt  25'Lineker  83' (pen.), 105' (pen.)

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text: The first semi-final featured the host nation, Italy, and the world champions, Argentina in Naples. 'Toto' Schillaci scored yet again to put Italy ahead in the 17th minute, but Claudio Caniggia equalised midway through the second half, breaking Walter Zenga's clean sheet streak throughout the tournament. There were no more goals in the 90 minutes or in extra time despite Maradona (who played for Naples in Serie A at the time) showing glimpses of magic, but there was a sending-off: Ricardo Giusti of Argentina was shown the red card in the 13th minute of extra time. Argentina went through on penalties, winning the shoot-out 4–3 after more heroics from Goycochea.

text: The semi-final between West Germany and England at Juventus's home stadium in Turin was goalless at half-time. Then, in the 60th minute, a shot from Andreas Brehme was deflected by Paul Parker into his own net. England equalised with ten minutes left; Gary Lineker was the scorer. The game ended 1–1. Extra time yielded more chances. Klinsmann was guilty of two glaring misses and both sides struck a post. England had another Platt goal disallowed for offside. The match went to penalties, and West Germany went on to win the shoot-out 4–3.[26]

text:
Argentina

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Italy

Caniggia  67'

Report

Schillaci  17'

Penalties

Serrizuela Burruchaga Olarticoechea Maradona

4–3

 Baresi Baggio De Agostini Donadoni Serena

text:
West Germany

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 England

Brehme  60'

Report

Lineker  80'

Penalties

Brehme Matthäus Riedle Thon

4–3

 Lineker Beardsley Platt Pearce Waddle

text: Third-place play-off[edit]

text: The game saw three goals in a 15-minute spell. Roberto Baggio opened the scoring after a rare mistake by England's goalkeeper Peter Shilton, in his final game before international retirement, presented a simple opportunity. A header by David Platt levelled the game 10 minutes later but Schillaci was fouled in the penalty area five minutes later, leading to a penalty. Schillaci himself got up to convert the kick to win him the tournament's Golden Boot for his six-goal tally. Nicola Berti had a goal ruled out minutes later, but the hosts claimed third place. England had the consolation prize of the Fair Play award, having received no red cards and the lowest average number of yellows per match.

text:
Italy

2–1

 England

Baggio  71'Schillaci  86' (pen.)

Report

Platt  81'

text: Final[edit]

text: The final between West Germany and Argentina has been cited as the most cynical and lowest-quality of all World Cup Finals.[1][2][27][28][29] In the 65th minute, Argentina's Pedro Monzon - himself only recently on as a substitute - was sent off for a foul on Jürgen Klinsmann. Monzon was the first player ever to be sent off in a World Cup Final.

text: Argentina, weakened by suspension and injury, offered little attacking threat throughout a contest dominated by the West Germans, who struggled to create many clear goalscoring opportunities. The only goal of the contest arrived in the 85th minute when Mexican referee Edgardo Codesal awarded a penalty to West Germany, after a foul on Rudi Völler by Roberto Sensini leading to Argentinian protests.[30] Andreas Brehme converted the spot kick to settle the contest. In the closing moments, Argentina were reduced to nine after Gustavo Dezotti, who had already been yellow carded earlier in the match, received a red card when he hauled Jürgen Kohler to the ground during a stoppage in play. The 1–0 scoreline provided another first: Argentina were the first team to fail to score in a World Cup Final.

text: With its third title (and three second-place finishes) West Germany – in its final tournament before national reunification – became the most successful World Cup nation at the time. West German manager Franz Beckenbauer became the only man to both captain (in 1974) and manage a World Cup winning team, and only the second man (after Mário Zagallo of Brazil) to win the World Cup as a player and as team manager. It was also the first time a team from UEFA won the final against a non-European team.

text:
West Germany

1–0

 Argentina

Brehme  85' (pen.)

Report

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: Salvatore Schillaci received the Golden Boot award for scoring six goals in the World Cup. This made him the second Italian footballer to have this honour, after Paolo Rossi won the award in 1982. In total, 115 goals were scored by 75 players (none credited as own goals).

text: Salvatore Schillaci

text:
5 goals
 Tomáš Skuhravý

4 goals
 Roger Milla
 Gary Lineker
 Míchel
 Lothar Matthäus

3 goals
 David Platt
 Andreas Brehme
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Rudi Völler

text:
Claudio Caniggia
 Careca
 Müller
 Bernardo Redín

 Michal Bílek
 Roberto Baggio
 Gabi Balint
 Marius Lăcătuș

 Davor Jozić
 Darko Pančev
 Dragan Stojković

text:
Andreas Ogris
 Gerhard Rodax
 Jorge Burruchaga
 Pedro Monzón
 Pedro Troglio
 Jan Ceulemans
 Lei Clijsters
 Michel De Wolf
 Marc Degryse
 Enzo Scifo
 Patrick Vervoort
 Eugène Ekéké
 Emmanuel Kundé
 François Omam-Biyik
 Freddy Rincón
 Carlos Valderrama
 Juan Cayasso
 Róger Flores

 Rónald González
 Hernán Medford
 Ivan Hašek
 Luboš Kubík
 Milan Luhový
 Magdi Abdelghani
 Mark Wright
 Giuseppe Giannini
 Aldo Serena
 Ruud Gullit
 Wim Kieft
 Ronald Koeman
 Niall Quinn
 Kevin Sheedy
 Mo Johnston
 Stuart McCall
 Hwangbo Kwan
 Igor Dobrovolski

 Oleh Protasov
 Oleksandr Zavarov
 Andrei Zygmantovich
 Alberto Górriz
 Julio Salinas
 Tomas Brolin
 Johnny Ekström
 Glenn Strömberg
 Khalid Ismaïl
 Ali Thani Jumaa
 Paul Caligiuri
 Bruce Murray
 Pablo Bengoechea
 Daniel Fonseca
 Uwe Bein
 Pierre Littbarski
 Robert Prosinečki
 Safet Sušić

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Boot winner

Golden Ball winner

Best Young Player

FIFA Fair Play Trophy

 Salvatore Schillaci

 Salvatore Schillaci

 Robert Prosinečki

 England

text: All-star team[edit]

text:
Goalkeeper

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

 Sergio Goycochea
 Luis Gabelo Conejo

 Andreas Brehme
 Paolo Maldini
 Franco Baresi

 Diego Maradona
 Lothar Matthäus
 Dragan Stojković
 Paul Gascoigne

 Salvatore Schillaci
 Roger Milla
 Jürgen Klinsmann

text: Final standings[edit]

text: After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 1990 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[32][33]

text:
R

Team

G

P

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts.

1
 West Germany
D
7
5
2
0
15
5
+10
12

2
 Argentina
B
7
2
3
2
5
4
+1
7

3
 Italy
A
7
6
1
0
10
2
+8
13

4
 England
F
7
3
3
1
8
6
+2
9

Eliminated in the quarter-finals

5
 Yugoslavia
D
5
3
1
1
8
6
+2
7

6
 Czechoslovakia
A
5
3
0
2
10
5
+5
6

7
 Cameroon
B
5
3
0
2
7
9
-2
6

8
 Republic of Ireland
F
5
0
4
1
2
3
−1
4

Eliminated in the round of 16

9
 Brazil
C
4
3
0
1
4
2
+2
6

10
 Spain
E
4
2
1
1
6
4
+2
5

11
 Belgium
E
4
2
0
2
6
4
+2
4

12
 Romania
B
4
1
2
1
4
3
+1
4

13
 Costa Rica
C
4
2
0
2
4
6
−2
4

14
 Colombia
D
4
1
1
2
4
4
0
3

15
 Netherlands
F
4
0
3
1
3
4
−1
3

16
 Uruguay
E
4
1
1
2
2
5
−3
3

Eliminated in the group stage

17
 Soviet Union
B
3
1
0
2
4
4
0
2

18
 Austria
A
3
1
0
2
2
3
−1
2

 Scotland
C
3
1
0
2
2
3
−1
2

20
 Egypt
F
3
0
2
1
1
2
−1
2

21
 Sweden
C
3
0
0
3
3
6
−3
0

22
 South Korea
E
3
0
0
3
1
6
−5
0

23
 United States
A
3
0
0
3
2
8
−6
0

24
 United Arab Emirates
D
3
0
0
3
2
11
−9
0

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Most wins: Italy (6)
Most defeats: South Korea, Sweden, UAE, United States (3)
First goal: François Omam Biyik (for Cameroon vs Argentina; Group B, 8 June)
Fastest goal in a match: 3 minutes 59 seconds – Safet Sušić (for Yugoslavia vs UAE; Group D, 19 June)
Latest goal scored in a match (apart from penalty shoot-outs): 119 minutes – David Platt (for England vs Belgium; Round of 16, 26 June)
Biggest win: 5–1 – by Czechoslovakia vs United States, and by West Germany vs UAE
Most goals in the tournament (team): West Germany (15)
Most goals in the tournament (player): Salvatore Schillaci (Italy) (6)
Fewest goals in the tournament (team): Egypt and South Korea (1)
Most goals in a game: 6 (United States 1 Czechoslovakia 5; West Germany 5 UAE 1)
Most goals in a game (player): 3, by Míchel (for Spain vs South Korea) and Tomáš Skuhravý (for Czechoslovakia vs Costa Rica)
Fewest goals conceded: Brazil, Egypt and Italy (2)
Total goals scored: 115 (average 2.21 goals per game, a record low in World Cup history)
Most clean sheets: Italy (5)
Total penalties awarded: 18 (13 scored, 5 missed)[34]
Most yellow cards in a game: 9 – Austria vs United States (Group A, 19 June)
Most yellow cards in the tournament: Argentina (22)
Total yellow cards: 162[35]
Most red cards in the tournament: Argentina (3)
Total red cards: 16 (a record high for a 24 team World Cup)
Highest attendance: 74,765 – West Germany vs Yugoslavia (Group D, 10 June)
Lowest attendance: 27,833 – Yugoslavia vs UAE (Group D, 19 June)
Average attendance: 48,391 (5th highest in World Cup history)
Oldest player: Peter Shilton (England) (40 years 292 days)
Youngest player: Rónald González Brenes (Costa Rica) (19 years 307 days)
Italy's performance of 6 wins, 1 draw and 0 losses is the highest ever winning percentage for a team that did not win the World Cup.[36]
The Republic of Ireland became the second team in World Cup history to reach the last eight without winning a match (Sweden progressed to the last eight by default in 1938 when Austria withdrew).


document_title: Super High Roller Bowl

question_text: who won the 2017 super high roller bowl

question_tokens: who won the 2017 super high roller bowl

root

text: Super High Roller Bowl

text: Results[edit]

text:
3-Day Event: July 2–4
Buy-in: $500,000
Number of Entries: 43
Total Prize Pool: $21,500,000
Number of Payouts: 7
Winning Hand: A♠ 9♠

tag: ul

text:
Final Table

Place
Name
Prize

1st
 Brian Rast
$7,525,000

2nd
 Scott Seiver
$5,160,000

3rd
 Connor Drinan
$3,225,000

4th
 Timofey Kuznetsov
$2,150,000

5th
 David Peters
$1,505,000

6th
 Tom Marchese
$1,075,000

7th
 Erik Seidel
$860,000

text:
4-Day Event: May 29-June 1
Buy-in: $300,000
Number of Entries: 49
Total Prize Pool: $15,000,000
Number of Payouts: 7
Winning Hand: 8♦ 8♠

text:
Final Table

Place
Name
Prize

1st
 Rainer Kempe
$5,000,000

2nd
 Fedor Holz
$3,500,000

3rd
 Erik Seidel
$2,400,000

4th
 Phil Hellmuth
$1,600,000

5th
 Matt Berkey
$1,100,000

6th
 Bryn Kenney
$800,000

7th
 Dan Shak
$600,000

text:
5-Day Event: May 28-June 1
Buy-in: $300,000
Number of Entries: 56
Total Prize Pool: $16,800,000
Number of Payouts: 7
Winning Hand: 10♠ 7♣

text:
Final Table

Place
Name
Prize

1st
 Christoph Vogelsang
$6,000,000

2nd
 Jake Schindler
$3,600,000

3rd
 Stefan Schillhabel
$2,400,000

4th
 Leon Tsoukernik
$1,800,000

5th
 Byron Kaverman
$1,400,000

6th
 Pratyush Buddiga
$1,000,000

7th
 Justin Bonomo
$600,000

text:
4-Day Event: May 27-30
Buy-in: $300,000
Number of Entries: 48
Total Prize Pool: $14,400,000
Number of Payouts: 7
Winning Hand:

text:
Final Table

Place
Name
Prize

1st

$5,000,000

2nd

$3,000,000

3rd

$2,100,000

4th

$1,600,000

5th

$1,200,000

6th

$900,000

7th

$600,000


document_title: Batting average

question_text: who has the highest batting average in cricket

text: Batting average

text: Cricket[edit]

text: In cricket, a player's batting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been out. Since the number of runs a player scores and how often they get out are primarily measures of their own playing ability, and largely independent of their teammates, batting average is a good metric for an individual player's skill as a batter. The number is also simple to interpret intuitively. If all the batter's innings were completed (i.e. they were out every innings), this is the average number of runs they score per innings. If they did not complete all their innings (i.e. some innings they finished not out), this number is an estimate of the unknown average number of runs they score per innings. Batting average has been used to gauge cricket players' relative skills since the 18th century.

tag: p

text: Most players have career batting averages in the range of 20 to 40. This is also the desirable range for wicket-keepers, though some fall short and make up for it with keeping skill. Until a substantial increase in scores in the 21st century due to improved bats and smaller grounds among other factors, players who sustained an average above 50 through a career were considered exceptional, and before the development of the heavy roller in the 1870s (which allowed for a flatter, safer cricket pitch) an average of 25 was considered very good.[2]

text:
All-rounders who are more prominent bowlers than batsmen typically average something between 20 and 30.
15 and under is typical for specialist bowlers.
A small number of players have averaged less than 5 for a complete career, though a player with such an average is a liability unless an exceptional bowler as Alf Valentine, B. S. Chandrasekhar or Glenn McGrath were.

text: Career records for batting average are usually subject to a minimum qualification of 20 innings played or completed, in order to exclude batsmen who have not played enough games for their skill to be reliably assessed. Under this qualification, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australia's Sir Donald Bradman, with 99.94. Given that a career batting average over 50 is exceptional, and that only five other players have averages over 60, this is an outstanding statistic. The fact that Bradman's average is so far above that of any other cricketer has led several statisticians to argue that, statistically at least, he was the greatest athlete in any sport.[3]

text: Batting averages in One Day International (ODI) cricket tend to be lower than in Test cricket,[4] because of the need to score runs more quickly and take riskier strokes and the lesser emphasis on building a large innings. It should also be remembered, especially in relation to the ODI histogram above, that there were no ODI competitions when Bradman played.

text: If a batter has been dismissed in every single innings, then their total number of runs scored divided by the number of times they have been out gives exactly the average number of runs they score per innings. However, for a batter with innings which have finished not out, this statistic is only an estimate of the average number of runs they score per innings – the true average number of runs they score per innings is unknown as it is not known how many runs they would have scored if they could have completed all their not out innings. If their scores have a geometric distribution then total number of runs scored divided by the number of times out is the maximum likelihood estimate of their true unknown average.[5]

text: Batting averages can be strongly affected by the number of not outs. For example, Phil Tufnell, who was noted for his poor batting,[6] has an apparently respectable ODI average of 15 (from 20 games), despite a highest score of only 5 not out, as he scored an overall total of 15 runs from 10 innings, but was out only once.[7]

text: A different, and more recently developed, statistic which is also used to gauge the effectiveness of batsmen is the strike rate. It measures a different concept however – how quickly the batter scores (number of runs from 100 balls) – so it does not supplant the role of batting average. It is used particularly in limited overs matches, where the speed at which a batter scores is more important than it is in first-class cricket.

text: Leading Test batting averages[edit]

text: (Source: Cricinfo Statsguru)

text:
Rank
Batter
Tests
Innings
N.O.
Runs
Highest
Ave
Career dates

1
 Don Bradman
52
80
10
6996
334
99.94
1928–48

2
 Adam Voges
20
31
7
1485
269*
61.87
2015–16

3
 Steve Smith
64
117
16
6199
239
61.37
2010–Present

4
 Graeme Pollock
23
41
4
2256
274
60.97
1963–70

5
 George Headley
22
40
4
2190
270*
60.83
1930–54

6
 Herbert Sutcliffe
54
84
9
4555
194
60.73
1924–35

7
 Eddie Paynter
20
31
5
1540
243
59.23
1931–39

8
 Ken Barrington
82
131
15
6806
256
58.67
1955–68

9
 Everton Weekes
48
81
5
4455
207
58.61
1948–58

10
 Wally Hammond
85
140
16
7249
336*
58.45
1927–47

text: Table shows players with at least 20 innings completed.

text: * denotes not out.

text: Baseball[edit]

text:
A
V
G
=

H

A
B

{\displaystyle AVG={\frac {H}{AB}}}

text: In baseball, the batting average (BA) is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three decimal places and read without the decimal: A player with a batting average of .300 is "batting three-hundred." If necessary to break ties, batting averages could be taken beyond the .001 measurement. In this context, a .001 is considered a "point," such that a .235 batter is 5 points higher than a .230 batter.

text: Henry Chadwick, an English statistician raised on cricket, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball. In the late 19th century he adapted the concept behind the cricket batting average to devise a similar statistic for baseball. Rather than simply copy cricket's formulation of runs scored divided by outs, he realized that hits divided by at bats would provide a better measure of individual batting ability. This is because while in cricket, scoring runs is almost entirely dependent on one's own batting skill, in baseball it is largely dependent on having other good hitters on one's team. Chadwick noted that hits are independent of teammates' skills, so used this as the basis for the baseball batting average. His reason for using at bats rather than outs is less obvious, but it leads to the intuitive idea of the batting average being a percentage reflecting how often a batter gets on base, whereas in contrary, hits divided by outs is not as simple to interpret in real terms.

text: In modern times, a season batting average higher than .300 is considered to be excellent, and an average higher than .400 a nearly unachievable goal. The last player to do so, with enough plate appearances to qualify for the batting championship, was Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox, who hit .406 in 1941, though the best modern players either threaten to or actually do achieve it occasionally, if only for brief periods of time. There have been numerous attempts to explain the disappearance of the .400 hitter, with one of the more rigorous discussions of this question appearing in Stephen Jay Gould's 1996 book Full House.

text: Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with .366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at .358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at-bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a .170 average in 3,028 career at-bats. The modern-era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit .426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern-era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit .179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit .159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was .408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.

text: For non-pitchers, a batting average below .230 is often considered poor, and one below .200 is usually unacceptable. This latter level is sometimes referred to as "The Mendoza Line", named for Mario Mendoza (a lifetime .215 hitter), a stellar defensive shortstop whose defensive capabilities just barely made up for his offensive shortcomings. The league batting average in Major League Baseball for 2016 was .255,[8] and the all-time league average is between .260 and .275.

text: In rare instances, MLB players have concluded their careers with a perfect batting average of 1.000. John Paciorek had three hits in all three of his turns at bat. Esteban Yan went two-for-two, including a home run. Hal Deviney's two hits in his only plate appearances included a triple, while Steve Biras, Mike Hopkins, Chet Kehn, Jason Roach and Fred Schemanske also went two-for-two. A few dozen others have hit safely in their one and only career at-bat.

text: Sabermetrics, the study of baseball statistics, considers batting average a weak measure of performance because it does not correlate as well as other measures to runs scored, thereby causing it to have little predictive value. Batting average does not take into account walks or power, whereas other statistics such as on-base percentage and slugging percentage have been specifically designed to measure such concepts. Adding these statistics together form a player's On-base plus slugging or "OPS". This is commonly seen as a much better, though not perfect, indicator of a player's overall batting ability as it is a measure of hitting for average, hitting for power and drawing bases on balls.

text: In 1887, Major League Baseball counted bases on balls as hits. The result of this was skyrocketed batting averages, including some near .500, and the experiment was abandoned the following season.

text: Qualifications for the batting title[edit]

text: The Major League Baseball batting averages championships (often referred to as "the batting title") is awarded annually to the player in each league who has the highest batting average. Ty Cobb holds the MLB (and American League) record for most batting titles, officially winning 11 in his pro career.[9] The National League record of 8 batting titles is shared by Honus Wagner and Tony Gwynn. Most of Cobb's career and all of Wagner's career took place in what is known as the Dead-Ball Era, which was characterized by higher batting averages and much less power, whereas Gwynn's career took place in the Live-Ball Era.

text: To determine which players are eligible to win the batting title, the following conditions have been used over the sport's history:[10]

text:
Pre-1920 – A player generally is required to appear in at least 100 or more games when the schedule was 154 games, and 90 games when the schedule was 140 games. An exception to the rule was made for Ty Cobb in 1914, who appeared in 98 games but had a big lead and was also a favorite of League President Ban Johnson.
1920–1949 – A player had to appear in 100 games to qualify in the National League; the AL used 100 games from 1920–1935, and 400 at-bats from 1936–1949. The NL was advised to adopt 400 at-bats for the 1945 season, but League President Ford Frick refused, feeling that 100 games should stand for the benefit of catchers and injured players. (Taffy Wright is often erroneously said to have been cheated out of the 1938 batting title; he batted .350 in exactly 100 games, with 263 ABs. Jimmie Foxx hit .349, in 149 games and 565 AB. But since the AL requirement that year was 400 at-bats, Foxx's batting title is undisputed.)
1950–1956 – A player needed 2.6 at-bats per team game originally scheduled. (With the 154-game schedule of the time, that meant a rounded-off 400 at-bats.) From 1951–1954, if the player with the highest average in a league failed to meet the minimum at-bat requirement, the remaining at-bats until qualification (e.g., 5, if the player finished the season with 395 ABs) were hypothetically considered hitless at-bats; if his recalculated batting average still topped the league, he was awarded the title. This standard applied in the AL from 1936–1956.
1957 to the present – A player has needed 3.1 plate appearances per team game originally scheduled; thus, players were no longer penalized for walking so frequently, nor did they benefit from walking so rarely. (In 1954, for example, Ted Williams batted .345 but had only 386 ABs, while topping the AL with 136 walks. Williams thus lost the batting title to Cleveland's Bobby Ávila, who hit .341 in 555 ABs.) In the 154-game schedule, the required number of plate appearances was 477, and since the era of the 162-game schedule, the requisite number of PAs has been 502. (Adjustments to this 502 PA figure have been made during strike-shortened seasons, such as 1972, 1981, 1994, and 1995.)

text: From 1967 to the present, if the player with the highest average in a league fails to meet the minimum plate-appearance requirement, the remaining at-bats until qualification (e.g., 5 ABs, if the player finished the season with 497 plate appearances) are hypothetically considered hitless at-bats; if his recalculated batting average still tops the league, he is awarded the title. This is officially called Rule 10.22(a), but it is also known as the Tony Gwynn rule because the Padres' legend won the batting crown in 1996 with a .353 average on just 498 plate appearances (i.e., was four shy). Gwynn was awarded the title since he would have led the league even if he'd gone 0-for-4 in those missing plate appearances. His average would have dropped to .349, five points better than second-place Ellis Burks' .344.[11] In 2012, a one-time amendment to the rule was made to disqualify Melky Cabrera from the title. Cabrera requested that he be disqualified after serving a suspension that season for a positive testosterone test. He had batted .346 with 501 plate appearances, and the original rule would have awarded him the title over San Francisco Giants teammate Buster Posey, who won batting .336.[12][13]

text: All-time leaders[edit]

text:
#
Player
Avg[14]
Team(s)
Year(s)

1
Ty Cobb
.366
Philadelphia (AL), Detroit (AL)
1905-1928

2
Rogers Hornsby
.358
St. Louis (NL), New York (NL), Boston (NL), Chicago (NL), St. Louis (NL), St. Louis (AL)
1915–37

3
Shoeless Joe Jackson
.356
Philadelphia (AL), Cleveland (AL), Chicago (AL)
1908-20

4
Lefty O'Doul
.349
New York (AL), Boston (AL), New York (NL), Philadelphia (NL), Brooklyn
1919–23, 1928–34

5
Ed Delahanty
.346
Philadelphia (NL), Cleveland (PL), Philadelphia (NL), Washington
1888–1903

6
Tris Speaker
.345
Boston (AL), Cleveland, Washington (AL), Philadelphia (AL)
1907–28

7
Billy Hamilton
.34442
Kansas City (AA), Philadelphia (NL), Boston (NL)
1888–1901

8
Ted Williams
.34441
Boston (AL)
1939–42, 1946–60

9
Dan Brouthers
.34212
Troy, Buffalo, Detroit (NL), Boston (NL), Boston (PL), Brooklyn (NL), Baltimore (NL), Louisville, Philadelphia (NL), New York (NL)
1879–96, 1904

10
Babe Ruth
.34206
Boston (AL), New York (AL), Boston (NL)
1914–36

text: Note: Batting averages are normally rounded to 3 decimal places. Extra detail here is used for tie-breaker.

text: Other contexts[edit]

text: Following from usage in cricket and baseball, batting average has come to be used for other statistical measures of performance and in the general usage on how a person did in a wide variety of actions.

text: An example is the Internet Archive, which uses the term in ranking downloads. Its "batting average" indicates the correlation between views of a description page of a downloadable item, and the number of actual downloads of the item. This avoids the effect of popular downloads by volume swamping potentially more focused and useful downloads, producing an arguably more useful ranking.


document_title: U.S. state temperature extremes

question_text: what is the hottest it has ever been in texas

text: U.S. state temperature extremes

text: The following table lists the highest and lowest temperatures recorded in each state in the United States, in both Fahrenheit and Celsius during the past two centuries. [1]

text:
State
Record high
temperature
Date
Place(s)
Record low
temperature
Date
Place(s)

Alabama
112 °F / 44 °C
000000001925-09-05-0000September 5, 1925
Centreville
−27 °F / −33 °C
000000001966-01-30-0000January 30, 1966
New Market

Alaska
100 °F / 38 °C
000000001915-06-27-0000June 27, 1915
Fort Yukon
−80 °F / −62 °C
000000001971-01-23-0000January 23, 1971
Prospect Creek

Arizona
128 °F / 53 °C
000000001994-06-29-0000June 29, 1994
Lake Havasu City
−40 °F / −40 °C
000000001971-01-07-0000January 7, 1971
McNary

Arkansas
120 °F / 49 °C
000000001936-08-10-0000August 10, 1936
Ozark
−29 °F / −34 °C
000000001905-02-13-0000February 13, 1905
Gravette

California
134 °F / 57 °C
000000001913-07-10-0000July 10, 1913
Furnace Creek
−45 °F / −43 °C
000000001937-01-20-0000January 20, 1937
Boca

Colorado
114 °F / 46 °C
000000001954-07-11-0000July 11, 1954
Sedgwick
−61 °F / −52 °C
000000001985-02-01-0000February 1, 1985
Maybell

Connecticut
106 °F / 41 °C
000000001995-07-15-0000July 15, 1995
Danbury
−37 °F / −38 °C
000000001943-02-16-0000February 16, 1943
Norfolk[2]

Delaware
110 °F / 43 °C
000000001930-07-21-0000July 21, 1930
Millsboro
−17 °F / −27 °C
000000001893-01-17-0000January 17, 1893
Millsboro

District of Columbia
106 °F / 41 °C
000000001930-07-20-0000July 20, 1930
Washington
−15 °F / −26 °C
000000001899-02-11-0000February 11, 1899
Washington

Florida
109°F / 43 °C
000000001931-06-29-0000June 29, 1931
Monticello
−2 °F / −19 °C
000000001899-02-13-0000February 13, 1899
Tallahassee

Georgia
112 °F / 44 °C
000000001983-08-20-0000August 20, 1983*
Greenville
−17 °F / −27 °C
000000001940-01-27-0000January 27, 1940
Chatsworth

Hawaii
98 °F / 37 °C
000000001957-07-14-0000July 14, 1957
Puunene*[3]
15 °F / -9 °C
000000001975-01-05-0000January 5, 1975
Mauna Kea Observatories[3]

Idaho
117 °F / 48 °C
000000001934-07-28-0000July 28, 1934
Orofino
−60 °F / −51 °C
000000001943-01-18-0000January 18, 1943
Island Park

Illinois
117 °F / 47 °C
000000001954-07-14-0000July 14, 1954
East Saint Louis
−36 °F / −38 °C
000000001999-01-05-0000January 5, 1999
Congerville

Indiana
116 °F / 47 °C
000000001936-07-14-0000July 14, 1936
Collegeville
−36 °F / −38 °C
000000001994-01-19-0000January 19, 1994
New Whiteland

Iowa
118 °F / 48 °C
000000001934-07-20-0000July 20, 1934
Keokuk
−47 °F / −44 °C
000000001996-02-03-0000February 3, 1996*
Elkader

Kansas
121 °F / 49 °C
000000001936-07-24-0000July 24, 1936*
Alton
−40 °F / −40 °C
000000001905-02-13-0000February 13, 1905
Lebanon

Kentucky
114 °F / 46 °C
000000001930-07-28-0000July 28, 1930
Greensburg
−37 °F / −38 °C
000000001994-01-19-0000January 19, 1994
Shelbyville

Louisiana
114 °F / 46 °C
000000001936-08-10-0000August 10, 1936
Plain Dealing
−16 °F / −27 °C
000000001899-02-13-0000February 13, 1899
Minden

Maine
105 °F / 41 °C
000000001911-07-10-0000July 10, 1911*
North Bridgton
−50 °F / −45 °C
000000002009-01-16-0000January 16, 2009
Clayton Lake

Maryland
109 °F / 43 °C
000000001936-07-10-0000July 10, 1936*
Cumberland
−40 °F / −40 °C
000000001912-01-13-0000January 13, 1912
Oakland

Massachusetts
107 °F / 42 °C
000000001975-08-02-0000August 2, 1975
New Bedford
−40 °F / −40 °C
000000001984-01-22-0000January 22, 1984
Chester[2]

Michigan
112 °F / 44 °C
000000001936-07-13-0000July 13, 1936
Mio
−51 °F / −46 °C
000000001934-02-09-0000February 9, 1934
Vanderbilt

Minnesota
115 °F / 46 °C
000000001917-07-29-0000July 29, 1917
Beardsley
−60 °F / −51 °C
000000001996-02-02-0000February 2, 1996
Tower

Mississippi
115 °F / 46 °C
000000001930-07-29-0000July 29, 1930
Holly Springs
−19 °F / −28 °C
000000001966-01-30-0000January 30, 1966
Corinth

Missouri
118 °F / 48 °C
000000001954-07-14-0000July 14, 1954*
Warsaw
−40 °F / −40 °C
000000001905-02-13-0000February 13, 1905
Warsaw

Montana
117 °F / 47 °C
000000001937-07-05-0000July 5, 1937
Medicine Lake
−70 °F / −57 °C
000000001954-01-20-0000January 20, 1954
Lincoln

Nebraska
118 °F / 48 °C
000000001936-07-24-0000July 24, 1936*
Minden
−47 °F / −44 °C
000000001989-12-22-0000December 22, 1989*
Oshkosh

Nevada
125 °F / 52 °C
000000001994-06-29-0000June 29, 1994
Laughlin
−50 °F / −46 °C
000000001937-01-08-0000January 8, 1937
San Jacinto

New Hampshire
106 °F / 41 °C
000000001911-07-04-0000July 4, 1911
Nashua
−47 °F / −44 °C
000000001885-01-22-0000January 22, 1885
Randolph

New Jersey
110 °F / 43 °C
000000001936-07-10-0000July 10, 1936
Runyon
−34 °F / −37 °C
000000001904-01-05-0000January 5, 1904
River Vale

New Mexico
122 °F / 50 °C
000000001994-06-27-0000June 27, 1994
Carlsbad
−50 °F / −46 °C
000000001951-02-01-0000February 1, 1951
Gavilan

New York
109 °F / 42 °C
000000001926-07-22-0000July 22, 1926
Troy
−52 °F / −46 °C
000000001979-02-18-0000February 18, 1979*
Old Forge

North Carolina
110 °F / 43 °C
000000001983-08-21-0000August 21, 1983
Fayetteville
−34 °F / −37 °C
000000001985-01-21-0000January 21, 1985
Burnsville

North Dakota
121 °F / 49 °C
000000001936-07-06-0000July 6, 1936
Steele
−60 °F / −51 °C
000000001936-02-15-0000February 15, 1936
Parshall

Ohio
113 °F / 45 °C
000000001934-07-21-0000July 21, 1934
Gallipolis
−39 °F / −39 °C
000000001899-02-10-0000February 10, 1899
Milligan

Oklahoma
120 °F / 49 °C
000000001936-08-12-0000August 12, 1936*
Altus
−31 °F / −35 °C
000000002011-02-10-0000February 10, 2011
Nowata

Oregon
117 °F / 47 °C
000000001939-07-27-0000July 27, 1939
Umatilla[2]
−54 °F / −48 °C
000000001933-02-10-0000February 10, 1933*
Seneca

Pennsylvania
111 °F / 44 °C
000000001936-07-10-0000July 10, 1936*
Phoenixville
−42 °F / −41 °C
000000001904-01-05-0000January 5, 1904
Smethport

Rhode Island
104 °F / 40 °C
000000001975-08-02-0000August 2, 1975
Providence
−28 °F / −34 °C
000000001942-01-17-0000January 17, 1942
Richmond

South Carolina
113 °F / 45 °C
000000002012-06-30-0000June 30, 2012*
Camden
−22 °F / −30 °C
000000001985-01-21-0000January 21, 1985
Landrum[2]

South Dakota
120 °F / 49 °C
000000002006-07-15-0000July 15, 2006*
Fort Pierre*
−58 °F / −50 °C
000000001936-02-17-0000February 17, 1936
McIntosh

Tennessee
113 °F / 45 °C
000000001933-08-09-0000August 9, 1933*
Perryville
−32 °F / −36 °C
000000001917-12-30-0000December 30, 1917
Mountain City

Texas
120 °F / 49 °C
000000001994-06-28-0000June 28, 1994*
Monahans
−23 °F / −31 °C
000000001933-02-08-0000February 8, 1933*
Seminole

Utah
117 °F / 47 °C
000000001985-07-05-0000July 5, 1985
Saint George
−50 °F / −46 °C
000000001913-01-05-0000January 5, 1913
Strawberry Tunnel

Vermont
105 °F / 41 °C
000000001911-07-04-0000July 4, 1911
Vernon[2]
−50 °F / −46 °C
000000001933-12-30-0000December 30, 1933
Bloomfield

Virginia
110 °F / 43 °C
000000001954-07-15-0000July 15, 1954
Balcony Falls
−30 °F / −34 °C
000000001985-01-22-0000January 22, 1985
Pembroke

Washington
118 °F / 48 °C
000000001961-08-05-0000August 5, 1961*
Burbank
−48 °F / −44 °C
000000001968-12-30-0000December 30, 1968
Mazama

West Virginia
112 °F / 44 °C
000000001936-07-10-0000July 10, 1936*
Martinsburg
−37 °F / −38 °C
000000001917-12-30-0000December 30, 1917
Lewisburg

Wisconsin
114 °F / 46 °C
000000001936-07-13-0000July 13, 1936
Wisconsin Dells
−55 °F / −48 °C
000000001996-02-04-0000February 4, 1996
Couderay

Wyoming
115 °F / 46 °C
000000001983-08-08-0000August 8, 1983
Basin
−63 °F / −53 °C
000000001933-02-09-0000February 9, 1933
Moran[2]

text: *Also on earlier date or dates in that state


document_title: A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film)

question_text: who played blanche dubois in streetcar named desire

text: A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Under mysterious circumstances, Blanche DuBois, an aging high school teacher, leaves her home in Auriol, Mississippi to travel to New Orleans to live with her sister, Stella Kowalski. She arrives on the train and boards a streetcar named "Desire" and reaches her sister's home in the French Quarter where she discovers that her sister and brother-in-law, Stanley Kowalski, live in a cramped and dilapidated two-room apartment in an old New Orleans tenement. Blanche and Stella are all that remain of an old aristocratic family. Blanche discloses that the family estate, Belle Reve, has been lost to creditors, and that she wants to stay with Stella and Stanley for a while. Blanche seems lost and broke, with nowhere to go. Stella welcomes her with an open heart.

text: From the start, Blanche and Stanley are wary of each other. Blanche has a soft-spoken manner; Stanley is rough and loud. His mere presence seems to threaten her, while her behavior and manner arouse suspicion in him. She is especially adroit at patronizing and criticizing Stella from the start. When interrogated about her past, struggling to be polite, Blanche says that she was married and widowed at a young age. She says that she has taken a leave of absence from her job due to her nerves. To satisfy Stanley's skepticism about the loss of the estate, Blanche hands over her papers pertaining to Belle Reve. But Stanley grabs at some of her private papers that she is holding back, and they cascade to the floor. Weeping, she gathers them all back, saying that they are poems from her dead husband. He defends himself by saying that he was just looking out for his family, and then announces that Stella is going to have a baby.

text: Soon after her arrival, Stanley has a poker night with his friends where Blanche meets Mitch. His courteous manner sets him apart from Stanley's other friends. They like each other right away. This is the start of their romance. Stanley explodes in a drunken rage, striking Stella, and sending his friends running, while Blanche and Stella flee to the upstairs neighbor, Eunice. When his anger subsides, Stanley cries out remorsefully for Stella to come back. "Stella, Stella, hey Stella," he bellows, until she comes down, and Stanley carries her off to bed. In the morning, Blanche tells Stella that she is married to a subhuman animal. In an emotional monologue, she urges her sister to leave Stanley. Stella disagrees with her sister's bluntness and assures Blanche that all is well, and that she does not want to leave.

text: As the weeks pass into months, the tension rises between Blanche and Stanley. But Blanche has hope in Mitch, telling Stella that she wants to go away with him and not be anyone's problem. She is on the verge of mental collapse, anticipating a marriage proposal from Mitch. Finally, he tells her that they need each other and should be together. But Stanley, still skeptical, begins to research her past and discovers a closet full of skeletons. He tells Stella what Blanche has been concealing from them, that she has a reputation for mental instability and that she was fired from her teaching job in Auriol for having sexual relations with a minor and practically run out of town. He then says that Mitch will not be coming around anymore. Stanley has informed Mitch about Blanche's past, and the news of her promiscuity has turned Mitch off from her. Stella erupts in anger that Stanley has ruined Blanche's chances with Mitch. But the fight is cut short, as she tells Stanley to take her to the hospital; the baby is coming.

text: As Blanche waits at home for news of the baby, Mitch arrives and confronts her with the stories that Stanley has told him. At first, she denies everything. Then, she breaks down in confession, describing, in a lengthy monologue, her troubled past. As she speaks to Mitch, she gives up the Southern belle façade; her voice grows weary and deep; her face becomes drawn and old; she pleads for his forgiveness, but Mitch is hurt and humiliated and rejects her. Blanche starts screaming, and Mitch runs away. Later that night, while Stella's labor continues, Stanley returns from the hospital to get some sleep, only to find Blanche dressed up in a tattered old gown pretending to be departing on a trip with an old admirer. She disdainfully antagonizes him, asserting her sense of superiority over him, spinning tale after tale about her plans for the future. He sees that she is delusional, but he feels no pity for her. Instead, he seeks to destroy her illusions. They become engaged in a struggle and the fact that Blanche is shown as having regressed into a psychotic state gives the impression that Stanley has raped her.

text: Weeks later, at another poker game at the Kowalski apartment, Stella and her neighbor, Eunice, are packing Blanche's belongings. Stella and Eunice have told Blanche that she is going on a vacation, but, in truth, Blanche is being committed to a mental hospital. She has suffered a complete mental breakdown. She has told Stella what happened, but Stella cannot believe Blanche's story. Stella, under obvious stress, does not know what to do. An older gentleman and lady come to the door; it is the doctor and nurse come to take Blanche away. Blanche does not recognize them and resists going; she collapses on the floor seized with total confusion. Mitch, present at the poker game, breaks down in tears. The doctor approaches and helps Blanche up. He offers his arm gently to her, and she goes willingly with him, saying, "Whoever you are, I have always depended upon the kindness of strangers." As the car drives away with Blanche, Stella takes the baby upstairs to Eunice's, and says she is never coming back to Stanley again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Vivien Leigh as Blanche DuBois
Marlon Brando as Stanley Kowalski
Kim Hunter as Stella Kowalski
Karl Malden as Harold "Mitch" Mitchell
Peg Hillias as Eunice Hubbel
Rudy Bond as Steve Hubbel
Nick Dennis as Pablo Gonzales
Mickey Kuhn as The Helpful Sailor
Wright King as a Newspaper Collector
Edna Thomas as the Flower Lady
Richard Garrick as a Doctor
Ann Dere as a Matron / Nurse
John George as Passerby (uncredited)

text: As of September 2017, Wright King and Mickey Kuhn are the last surviving cast members.

text: Differences from the play[edit]

text: The play was set entirely at the Kowalski apartment. The movie was opened up to include places only briefly mentioned or non-existent in the play, such as the train station, the streets of the French Quarter, the bowling alley, the pier of a dance casino, and the machine factory.

text: Dialogue was abbreviated or cut in some scenes, when Blanche was trying to convince Stella to leave Stanley, for example, or when Mitch confronted Blanche about her past.

text: The name of the town where Blanche was from was changed from Laurel, Mississippi, which is a real place, to Auriol, Mississippi, a fictitious place.

text: The play's themes were controversial, causing the screenplay to be modified to comply with the Hollywood Production Code. In the original play, Blanche's husband had committed suicide after he was discovered having a homosexual affair. This reference was removed from the film; Blanche says instead that she showed scorn at her husband's sensitive nature, driving him to suicide.

text: At the end of the play, Stella, distraught at Blanche's fate, mutely allows Stanley to console her. In the movie, this is changed to a "Hollywood ending" in which Stella blames Stanley for Blanche's fate, and resolves to leave him.[5]

text: Other scenes were shot but cut after filming was complete to conform to the Production Code and later, to avoid condemnation by the National Legion of Decency.

text: In 1993, after Warner Brothers discovered the censored footage during a routine inventory of archives,[6] several minutes of the censored scenes were restored in an 'original director's version' video re-release.[7]

text: Close tight photography altered the dramatic qualities of the play, for example in the lengthy scenes of escalating conflict between Marlon Brando and Vivien Leigh, or when Karl Malden shines the light on Leigh to see how old she is, or when the camera hovers over Leigh, collapsed on the floor, with her head at the bottom of the screen, as though she were turned upside down.

text: In the movie, Blanche actually rode the streetcar, only mentioned in the play. By the time the film was in production however, the Desire streetcar line had been converted into a bus service, and the production team had to gain permission from the authorities to hire out a streetcar with the "Desire" name on it.[8]

text: The music score, by Alex North, was written in short sets of music that reflected the psychological dynamics of the characters. For his work on the film, North was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music Score, one of two nominations in that category that year.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Upon release, the film drew very high praise. The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther stated that "inner torments are seldom projected with such sensitivity and clarity on the screen" and commending both Vivien Leigh's and Marlon Brando's performances. Film critic Roger Ebert has also expressed praise for the film, calling it a "great ensemble of the movies." The film currently has a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 50 reviews.[9]

text: A Streetcar Named Desire won four awards at the 24th Academy Awards.[10] The film set an Oscar record when it became the first film to win in three acting categories (a feat only since matched by Network). The awards it won were for Actress in a Leading Role (Leigh), Actor in a Supporting Role (Malden), Actress in a Supporting Role (Hunter), and Art Direction.[11]

text:
Award
Result
Notes

Best Motion Picture
Nominated
Charles K. Feldman, producer
Winner was Arthur Freed (MGM) – An American in Paris

Best Director
Nominated
Elia Kazan
Winner was George Stevens – A Place in the Sun

Best Actor
Nominated
Marlon Brando
Winner was Humphrey Bogart – The African Queen

Best Actress
Won
Vivien Leigh

Best Writing, Screenplay
Nominated
Tennessee Williams
Winner was Harry Brown and Michael Wilson – A Place in the Sun

Best Supporting Actor
Won
Karl Malden

Best Supporting Actress
Won
Kim Hunter

Best Art Direction–Set Decoration, Black-and-White
Won
Richard Day and George Hopkins

Best Cinematography, Black-and-White
Nominated
Harry Stradling
Winner was William C. Mellor – A Place in the Sun

Best Costume Design, Black-and-White
Nominated
Lucinda Ballard
Winner was Edith Head – A Place in the Sun

Best Music, Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture
Nominated
Alex North
Winner was Franz Waxman – A Place in the Sun

Best Sound Recording
Nominated
Nathan Levinson
Winner was Douglas Shearer – The Great Caruso

text: American Film Institute recognition

text:
1998 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies No. 45
2002 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions No. 67
2005 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes:

"Stella! Hey, Stella!" No. 45
"I've always depended on the kindness of strangers," No. 75

2005 AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores No. 19
2007 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) No. 47

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Ten Years After's song "Hard Monkeys" references the movie: "Got no street car called Desire, and I'll never light the fire."
In Modern Family episode "Door to Door", Gloria loses Jay's dog Stella. Gloria in a panic asks Cam for help. While searching for the dog, Cam realizes that he is to play the role he was meant to play, screaming Stella just as Stanley did in A Streetcar Named Desire.
In The Simpsons episode "Secrets of a Successful Marriage", Waylon Smithers has a flashback to his love, with Mr. Burns below his balcony yelling "SMITHERS!" the way Stanley called for Stella. In the episode "A Streetcar Named Marge" is centered around a musical remake of A Streetcar Named Desire in which Marge plays Blanche Dubois. Marge's portrayal of Blanche is meant to mirror her relationship with her husband, Homer.
In The Princess and the Frog, when Naveen and Tiana had turned into frogs and accidentally disrupt a party, "Big Daddy" La Bouff calls for a dog named Stella, in the same manner, to get the frogs.
In Over the Hedge, when Tiger the Persian cat is separated from Stella the skunk, who is disguised as a cat, he calls for her as Stanley called for Stella.
In Wu-Tang Clan's song "Triumph", Method Man references the movie: "Transform into the Ghost Rider / A six-pack and a streetcar named Desire."[12]
In the Rod Stewart / Larry John McNally song "The Motown Song", a line references Stanley Kowalski's remark during one of his poker games in the movie: "'Cause you know what luck is / luck is believing you're lucky".
In Panic! at the Disco's song "Memories", they refer to the play: "And it was beautifully depressing, like a street car named Desire. They were fighting for their love that had started growing tired."
New Orleans rapper Curren$y references the film in his song "Famous": "this morning staring down at the ocean, inspired, scribbling fire on a streetcar named Desire."
In Seinfeld episode "The Pen", Elaine takes too many muscle relaxants and meets a woman named Stella at a function. She screams "Stella" repeatedly during the function.
In Saves The Day's song entitled "Hot Times in Delaware", the track starts with an excerpt from the movie's script: "Oh, how pretty the sky is. I oughta go there on a rocket that never comes down. Which way do we go now, Stella, this way? Stella: No, honey this way."
In Lana Del Rey's song entitled "Carmen", Blanche's famous line is alluded to: "That's the little story of the girl you know, relying on the kindness of strangers".
In Sleeper, a 1973 Woody Allen film, Miles Monroe (Woody Allen) attempts to regain his identity by acting out a scene with Luna Schlosser (Diane Keaton) from A Streetcar Named Desire, with Keaton playing the Stanley Kowalski (Marlon Brando) role and Allen playing Blanche DuBois (Vivien Leigh).
In an episode of Malcolm in the Middle, Krelboynes act out scenes from the movie with puppet dolls.
In Lil Wayne's song "Let's Start a Fire", he raps "She's riding me like a street car named desire."
In the title song to Colin Hay's 2002 album Company of Strangers, a "Blanche DuBois" is invoked as is reliance upon the kindness of strangers.


document_title: Project Mc2

question_text: when is part six of project mc2 coming out

text: Project Mc2

text: Plot

text: The series is set in a fictional city called Maywood Glen, California, it revolves around the fields of STEAM, and the adventures of McKeyla McAlister and her best friends, who work for a government organization called NOV8 (pronounced "innovate"), a highly secretive group of female government operatives who are trying to protect the world.

text: Cast and characters

text: Main

text:
Mika Abdalla as McKeyla McAlister, the lead girl and an agent of NOV8. At the beginning of the fourth season, she was given the name "The Owl".
Ysa Penarejo as Camryn Coyle, the engineer with a high IQ
Victoria Vida as Adrienne Attoms, the culinary chemist from Spain[2] who always wears high heels
Genneya Walton as Bryden Bandweth, the tech junkie of the group
Antonio Marziale as Prince Xander (main: season 1, recurring: season 4)
Marcus Choi (season 1) and Ash Lee (season 5, recurring) as Charles Coyle
Madeline Whitby as Jillian (season 1)
Bernardo De Paula as Defector (season 1)
Troy Fromin as George the Security Guard (season 1)
Oliver Vaquer as Francois (season 1)
Danica McKellar as the Quail (seasons 1–2, 4–5), the group's chief intelligence agent in NOV8[3] and McKeyla's mother[4]
Alyssa Lynch (seasons 2–4) and Maddie Phillips (season 5, recurring) as Devon D'Marco
Belle Shouse as Ember Evergreen (season 2–present)

text: Recurring

text:
Jonathon Buckley as Henry (season 1)
Melissa Mabie as A.D.I.S.N. (voice), McKeyla's talking notebook. Her name is short for "Advanced Digital Intelligence Spy Notebook".[5] It is pronounced as "Addison".
Johanna Newmarch as Carson Lazarus (seasons 2–3)
Ty Wood as Justin (seasons 2–3)
Maxwell Haynes as Kyle (season 2–present)
Adrian Petriw as Retro (voice; season 2)
Kurt Evans as Assistant Principal Wilson (season 2)
Vanessa Parise as the Falcon (season 3), McKeyla's aunt Montana[6] who is also a substitute for the Quail while she's off the grid
Sarah Desjardins as Maddy McAlister (seasons 3–4), McKeyla's big sister. At the beginning of the fourth season, she was given the name "The Nighthawk".
Adam Beauchesne as Simon Temple (season 3)
Emily Delahunty as Tessa (season 5)
Houston Stevenson as Zach (season 5)
Jody Thompson as Jenny Wallis (season 5)
Catherine Haggquist as Dr. A. Crawford (season 5)
Richard Ian Cox as Professor Kato (season 5)

text: Episodes

text: Series overview

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

First released
Last released

1
3
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

2
6
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

3
6
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

4
1
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

5
5
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

text: Season 1 (2015)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"The New Girl"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

McKeyla McAlister receives a new mission. She transfers to a school in Maywood Glen, where she bumps into two girls, Camryn and Bryden. A computer AI program in her notebook, A.D.I.S.N., accidentally speaks in front of the girls, which causes them to become suspicious. Meanwhile, Space Inc. receives an anonymous phone call threatening them with serious consequences for everyone if they don't cancel Prince Xander's space flight. Camryn's dad remembers that he left his laptop closed at the office, but when he went back in the morning, it was open. The girls suspect McKeyla is involved, and ask Adrienne to help them get the fingerprint from the laptop. They steal McKeyla's pen and manage to get a partial fingerprint match. They follow her, but shortly, McKeyla notices that they had given her a camera pen and catches the girls spying on her. They get into the house before she can stop them, and they meet McKeyla's boss, the Quail, who is a member of NOV8. She reveals that they are trying to protect the prince, and invites the girls to join McKeyla in the mission.

2
2
"Secret Agenting"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

McKeyla is doubting that the girls can take the job seriously enough, and would prefer working alone, but NOV8 wants her to have extra support due to the threat against the prince. McKeyla wants the girls to show her their skills. Adrienne makes a volcano cake. Bryden takes a picture of McKeyla and hacks into her lab's wireless system to display it on every screen in the lab. Camryn makes a "portable police scanner with added features", which they use to locate the prince. The girls notice a suspicious car, and manage to distract the guards and break into the facility where they're keeping the prince. They warn the prince that someone might be trying to kidnap him, and they take him to Bryden's house. NOV8 discovers that the prince's capsule will come close to a U.S. government cyber-satellite at the peak of his flight. Meanwhile, their location is discovered because Bryden tweeted from there, so they take the prince to a NOV8 safe house. Later, they find out that the logo they saw on the car belongs to a cyber security company called Black Star. A few minutes later, the girls get distracted and the prince disappears.

3
3
"Smart Is the New Cool"
Michael Younesi
Jordana Arkin
August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07)

The girls research the organization called Black Star, and interrogate one of their top agents, who believes that they are doing wrong but is too scared to turn them in to the authorities. It turns out that they were not trying to kidnap the prince at all, but instead they are using his luggage to store a device that can be used to hack into a government satellite. It will allow Black Star to access each and every person's personal data, such as email, texting, and other information that they can then sell for billions of dollars. The four sneak into the launch site, find the device inside the prince's luggage, and destroy it before they are caught by security. Black Star's head, Darone, is caught and Jillian, the prince's assistant, is revealed to be working for them out of contempt that the prince can boss her around and she can do nothing about it, and sent to jail as well. In the end, the prince goes to space and he sends the girls a Snapchat from space, and McKeyla is given permission from the Quail to stay at Maywood Glen as her base. She is shown to be attending school with her friends.

text: Season 2 (2016)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

4
1
"Back to Basics"
Michael Younesi
Mitchel Katlin & Nat Bernstein
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

The four girls are demoted back to basics after they make a big deal out of saving the prince in the previous season. They are not allowed on any mission, even as a suspicious figure, Carson Lazarus, a criminal mastermind, is released from jail. Soon after, a figure who calls themselves "Retro" causes all technology to malfunction and glitch in Maywood Glen. The girls strongly suspect that the two are linked. The video shows that in the background, there is something labeled "Property of MGA" – where MGA stands for Maywood Glen Academy – and it is very possible that Retro is a student at the academy. Meanwhile, McKeyla tries to fit in and becomes "study buddies" with Kyle Lewis, a rather awkward and suspicious teenager.

5
2
"No Laughing Matter"
Michael Younesi
Paul Ciancarelli & David DiPietro
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

The Quail allows the four girls to figure out this case. McKeyla becomes increasingly suspicious of Kyle, but soon dismisses the idea of him being Retro. They also suspect Devon D'Marco, a troublemaker, as she spray-paints handcuffs on a picture of a drone on a poster about the upcoming launch. All four girls except Bry, who has to babysit, make ways to get detention on Saturday with Devon. Bry runs a vocal recognition as Cam and Adri confront the troublemaker and McKeyla looks through her bag. Devon is proven to be innocent, just using the school's 3D printer to make skulls for her nana's birthday. The three hide in the janitor's closet as the assistant principal walks by, and find out that Retro is planning to send a radio signal to the drone, making it crash, and pipe laughing gas through the vents so when the drone crashes, everybody will be laughing. The girls block the radio signal, and heat up the gas so it separates and becomes harmless.

6
3
"Trashed"
Vanessa Parise
Jessica Kaminsky
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

7
4
"Dam Fine Mess"
Vanessa Parise
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

8
5
"Bye Bye Birdie"
Michael Younesi
Annie Burgstede & Kate Duffy
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

9
6
"Mission Totally Possible"
Michael Younesi
Kathy Fischer
August 12, 2016 (2016-08-12)

text: Season 3 (2016)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

10
1
"Finding Maddy"
Michael Robison
Nat Bernstein & Mitchel Katlin
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

11
2
"Gummying Up the Works"
Michael Robison
Paul Ciancarelli & David DiPietro
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

12
3
"Crate Expectations"
Ken Friss
Jessica Kaminsky
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

13
4
"One Track Mind"
Ken Friss
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

14
5
"Simon Sayz"
Jon Rosenbaum
Elaine Aronson
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

15
6
"Ear Today. Gone Tomorrow"
Jon Rosenbaum
Kathy Fischer
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

text: Season 4 (2017)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

16
1
"A Royal Pain"
Ken Friss
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)

text: Season 5 (2017)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

17
1
"If You Fail on Mars Can Anyone Hear You Scream"
Ken Friss
Mitchel Katlin
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

18
2
"Nanobots, Souffles and Gray Goo, Oh My"
Ken Friss
Nat Bernstein
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

19
3
"Bad Air Day"
Michael Younesi
Elizabeth Hackett & Hilary Galanoy
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

20
4
"Totally Marble Nailed It"
Michael Younesi
Kathleen Fischer
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

21
5
"Gray Goo on the Loose"
Ken Friss
Nat Bernstein & Mitchel Katlin
September 15, 2017 (2017-09-15)

text: Production

text: The first season of the series, consisting of three episodes, was released on August 7, 2015.[7] On April 6, 2016, Netflix announced that the series has been renewed for its second and third seasons. The second season was released on August 12, 2016,[8] and the third season was released on October 14, 2016.[9] Both consisted of six episodes. An extended 34-minute Valentine's Day special was released as the first and only episode of the fourth season on February 14, 2017.[10] A fifth season consisting of five episodes was released on September 15, 2017. The sixth season is scheduled to be released on November 7, 2017.[11]

text: The series is filmed primarily in and around the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, including Chatsworth, Woodland Hills, Van Nuys, and Northridge, as well as in Alhambra.