document_title: Philadelphia Eagles

question_text: when was the last time the eagles won a championship

question_tokens: when was the last time the eagles won a championship

root

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Franchise history[edit]

text: Midway through the 1931 season, the Frankford Yellow Jackets went bankrupt and ceased operations.[10] After more than a year of searching for a suitable replacement, the NFL granted an expansion franchise to a syndicate headed by Bert Bell and Lud Wray and awarded them the franchise rights of the failed Yellow Jackets organization. The Bell-Wray group had to pay an entry fee of $3,500 (equal to $39,371 today) and assumed a total debt of $11,000 that was owed to three other NFL franchises.[11] Drawing inspiration from the Blue Eagle insignia of the National Recovery Administration—the centerpiece of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal[11]—Bell and Wray named the new franchise the Philadelphia Eagles. Neither the Eagles nor the NFL officially regard the two franchises as the same, citing the aforementioned period of dormancy. Furthermore, almost no Yellow Jackets players were on the Eagles' first roster. The Eagles, along with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the now-defunct Cincinnati Reds, joined the NFL as expansion teams.

text: In 1937, the Eagles moved to Shibe Park (renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1954) and played their home games at the stadium through 1957, except for the 1941 season, which was played at Municipal Stadium, where they had played from 1936 to 1939.

text: To accommodate football at Shibe Park during the winter, management set up stands in right field, parallel to 20th Street. Some 20 feet high, these "east stands" had 22 rows of seats. The goalposts stood along the first base line and in left field. The uncovered east stands enlarged capacity of Shibe Park to over 39,000, but the Eagles rarely drew more than 25 to 30,000.[12]

text: The Eagles struggled over the course of their first decade, enduring repeated losing seasons. In December 1940, Pittsburgh Steelers owner Art Rooney sold his franchise to Alexis Thompson for $160,000 and then used half of the proceeds to buy a half interest in the Eagles from his friend Bert Bell.[13] Soon after, Bell and Rooney traded the Eagles franchise to Thompson and moved it to Pittsburgh (as the "Steelers"), while Thompson moved the Steelers franchise to Philadelphia (as the "Eagles").[13]

text: In 1943, when manpower shortages stemming from World War II made it impossible to fill the roster, the team merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers forming the "Phil-Pitt Eagles" and were known as the "Steagles." (The merger, never intended as a permanent arrangement, was dissolved at the end of the 1943 season.) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle "Greasy" Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949. Those two championships mark the Eagles as the only NFL team ever to win back-to-back championships by shutouts, defeating the Chicago Cardinals, 7–0, in 1948—in a blizzard—and the Los Angeles Rams, 14–0, in 1949.

text: After the 1957 season, the Eagles moved from Connie Mack Stadium to Franklin Field at the University of Pennsylvania. Franklin Field would seat over 60,000 for the Eagles, whereas Connie Mack had a capacity of 39,000.[14] The stadium switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969. It was the first NFL stadium to use artificial turf.

text: In 1960, the Eagles won their third NFL championship, under the leadership of future Pro Football Hall of Famers Norm Van Brocklin and Chuck Bednarik; the head coach was Buck Shaw. The 1960 Eagles, by a score of 17–13, became the only team to defeat Vince Lombardi and his Green Bay Packers in the playoffs.

text: The Eagles had a good 1961 season and then fell on hard times in 1962. Jerry Wolman, after consulting his longtime friend Brandon Sturrock, bought the franchise in 1963 from the "Happy Hundred", a group of investors who owned the team from 1949–1963, for $5,505,000 (equal to $43,064,658 today).[14]

text: In 1969, Leonard Tose bought the Philadelphia Eagles from Wolman for $16,155,000[15] (equal to $105,505,930 today), then a record for a professional sports franchise. Tose's first official act was to fire Coach Joe Kuharich after a disappointing 24–41–1 record during his five-year reign. He followed this by naming former Eagles receiving great Pete Retzlaff as General Manager and Jerry Williams as coach.

text: With the merger of the NFL and AFL in 1970, the Eagles were placed in the NFC East Division with their archrivals the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys. Their heated rivalry with the Giants is the oldest of the NFC East rivalries, dating all the way back to 1933 and has been considered by writers in Philadelphia as one of the best rivalries in the NFL in the 21st century.[16][17]

text: In 1976, Dick Vermeil was hired from UCLA to coach the Eagles, who had only one winning season from 1962–1975.[18] Starting in 1978, head coach Dick Vermeil and quarterback Ron Jaworski led the team to four consecutive playoff appearances.

text: Vermeil's 1980 team won their first NFC East title. They were matched up against their hated rival the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Championship game, which they won 20–7. However, the Eagles lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV in 1981. The following year, the Eagles were eliminated in the wildcard round at home against the New York Giants. In the aftermath of the disappointing and strike-shortened season of 1982, head coach Dick Vermeil resigned, claiming that he was "burned out". Vermeil was replaced by defensive coordinator Marion Campbell.

text: In January 1983, Tose announced that his daughter, Susan Fletcher, the Eagles' vice president and legal counsel, would eventually succeed him as primary owner of the Eagles. Then in 1984, rumors were circulating that Leonard Tose was thinking about moving the team to Phoenix, Arizona due to financial reasons.

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tag: table

text: In 1985, Tose was forced to sell the Eagles to Norman Braman and Ed Leibowitz, highly successful automobile dealers from Florida, for a reported $65 million (equal to $144,741,646 today) to pay off his more than $25 million (equal to $55,669,864 today) in gambling debts at Atlantic City casinos.

text: Philadelphia football struggled through the Marion Campbell years of the mid-1980s and was marked by a malaise in fan participation. However, in the 1985 Supplemental draft, the Eagles acquired the rights to Memphis Showboats' elite pass rusher Reggie White. In 1986, the arrival of head coach Buddy Ryan and his fiery attitude rejuvenated team performance and ignited the fan base, but the Eagles failed to win a playoff game during Ryan's tenure. Possibly the worst of these losses was the so-called Fog Bowl in 1988 against the Chicago Bears, which happened to be Ryan's former team that he helped lead to a Super Bowl XX victory as defensive coordinator. Ryan was fired on January 7, 1991, after an upset home playoff loss to the Redskins. Offensive coordinator Rich Kotite was promoted to head coach three days later.

text: After All Pro defensive tackle Jerome Brown was killed in an automobile accident, the team and fanbase became dedicated to "bring it home for Jerome" in the 1992 season. Kotite did lead the Eagles to a playoff victory against the New Orleans Saints during the 1992 season, but they lost all-time sacks leader Reggie White to free agency in the offseason. Kotie's contract was not renewed after a disappointing 1994 season in which the Eagles went 7–9, losing their last seven games after starting the season 7–2. From 1988 to 1996, the Eagles qualified for the playoffs during six out of those nine seasons, but they won the NFC East only once, in 1988. Among the team's offensive stars during that period were quarterback Randall Cunningham, tight end Keith Jackson, and running back Herschel Walker. But the "Gang Green" defense is possibly what defined the team, led by Reggie White, Jerome Brown, Clyde Simmons, Seth Joyner, Wes Hopkins, Mike Golic, Byron Evans, Eric Allen, Andre Waters and Mark McMillian.

text: Lurie era (1994–present)[edit]

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text: Jeffrey Lurie bought the Eagles on May 6, 1994 from then-owner Norman Braman for an estimated $185 million. The club is now estimated to be the 17th most valuable sports team, worth $1.314 billion, as valuated in 2014 by Forbes.[19]

text: In Lurie's first season as owner, the team only had 7 wins, but that was followed by a 10 win season in 1995. Besides the 10 wins and a playoff berth, 1996 was an eventful year. The uniforms changed from the classic shade of Kelly Green to a darker midnight green, quarterback Randall Cunningham left after 11 seasons, and future fan favorite 13-year starter Brian Dawkins was drafted in the 2nd round. After slipping to 6–9–1, and then to 3–13, head coach Ray Rhodes was fired after four seasons.

text: Andy Reid era (1999–2012)[edit]

text: In 1999, the Eagles hired head coach Andy Reid and drafted quarterback Donovan McNabb. From 1999 until 2004, the team continually improved, going from 5–11 in 1999, returning to the playoffs in with an 11–5 record in 2000, surpassing the Buccaneers in the Wild Card round before losing in the divisional. Moreover, the Eagles played in four straight NFC Championship Games between 2001 and 2004. In 2001, the Eagles stayed at 11–5, beating the Buccaneers and Bears to advance to the NFC championship, where they lost to the St. Louis Rams. In 2002, the Eagles drafted running back Brian Westbrook, got the 1st round bye with the 2nd seed in the NFC with a 12–4 record, but the Tampa Bay Buccaneers got their revenge in the Championship and eliminated the Eagles. In 2003, they won the NFC first seed, but Westbrook went down in Week 17, culminating in a loss to the Carolina Panthers in their 3rd straight NFC Championship. In 2004, the Philadelphia Eagles had their best season since 1960, going 13–1 before resting their starters and losing their next 2, clinching the 1st seed for the second year in a row. McNabb set career highs, completing 64% of his passes for 3,875 yards, though he didn't play all 16 games. McNabb became the first quarterback ever to throw more than 30 touchdowns and fewer than 10 interceptions in a season. His success could be attributed to the fact that he had a reliable receiver, Terrell Owens, who got 1,200 yards and 14 touchdowns in 14 games. After beating the Vikings and Falcons the Eagles advanced to Super Bowl XXXIX, where they dueled the New England Patriots. Although McNabb threw 3 touchdown passes and 357 yards in the game, and the score was tied 14–14 going into the fourth quarter, the Patriots outscored the Eagles and scored ten straight points. McNabb completed a 30-yard touchdown pass, and the Eagles defense held the Patriots to a 3 and out, but a crucial interception with 46 seconds left on the clock secured their fate. The Eagles have never appeared in a Super Bowl since, but this was their closest one at winning.

text: The team took a step back in 2005 with a 6–10 record. McNabb had played with a sports hernia and a broken thumb, starting 4–2 but losing three in a row, before McNabb finally succumbs to injury and is out for the rest of the season. For obnoxious behavior and a feud with McNabb, Owens was suspended after 7 games, eventually being cut. In 2006, the team lost McNabb 10 games in and went into turmoil, but Westbrook stepped up, and the Eagles earned their fifth NFC East title under Coach Reid, with a 10–6 record and a win in the wild card round, but they had an 8–8 2007 season. In 2008, the team won their 500th game, and they also drafted DeSean Jackson, a receiving threat when paired with McNabb.[21]

text: On January 11, 2009, the team defeated the defending Super Bowl champion and 1st seed New York Giants 23–11 en route to their 5th NFC Championship Game in 8 years and 5th in the 10 years the Eagles have been coached by Andy Reid. In the 2008 NFC Championship Game, the Eagles made a rally, going from 24–6 at halftime to 25–24 with three minutes left in the 4th, but they lost to the Arizona Cardinals by a score of 32–25 after quarterback Kurt Warner scored a last minute touchdown. As of the conclusion of the 2016 season, during the Lurie era, the Eagles are 1–4 in conference championship games and 0–1 in Super Bowls.

text: On August 13, 2009, the Eagles signed quarterback Michael Vick.[22] On December 6, 2009, Andy Reid became only the 5th coach in NFL history to win 100 or more games with a single team in a single decade. The other four are Tom Landry, Don Shula, Tony Dungy, and Bill Belichick, all Super Bowl winners.[23] McNabb finally had a complete receiving corps, between first round draft pick Jeremy Maclin, DeSean Jackson's 1,000 yard season, and Brent Celek ranking among the top 5 tight ends in the league. Without Brian Dawkins, defensive end Trent Cole stepped up and became the dominant force on defense with 12 sacks, earning him his second trip to the Pro Bowl and All-Pro honors. In 2009, the Eagles started 5–4, but moved up to 11–4, and could clinch the NFC 2nd seed if they won their next game. After a shutout at the hands of the Dallas Cowboys in week 17, the Eagles missed the 1st round bye. but with a record of 11–5, but they were the NFC 6th seed and they narrowly made the playoffs. In the 2009 NFC Wild Card Game, the Eagles played against the Cowboys for the second consecutive week and lost 34–14. Despite many errors from many players, and a great season before the breakdown in Dallas, McNabb took the brunt of the blow and was heavily criticized. Coach Andy Reid said up until April 1, 2010, that McNabb would remain the starter.

text: On March 5, 2010, Brian Westbrook was cut from the Eagles after eight seasons with the team. On April 4, 2010, the team traded long-time starting quarterback Donovan McNabb to the Washington Redskins in exchange for a second round draft pick.[24] Kevin Kolb was immediately named the starter, but after suffering a concussion in week 1 against the Packers, Vick took over as the starter. Vick led the Eagles to its sixth NFC East division title in ten seasons. With a record of 10–6 the Eagles clinched the 3rd seed and had to play a Wild Card Playoff Game. During the 2010 NFC Wild Card Game, the Eagles faced off against the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers and lost 21–16.

text: The 2011 season for the Eagles was a major disappointment, as they only managed to finish 8–8 and did not qualify for the playoffs, although they did win the last 4 games of the season. Because of several free agent acquisitions, Vince Young, a back up quarterback, stated that the Eagles were a Dream Team. The Philadelphia fan base and faithful never did concur with the comment as some national outlets may comment. Many Eagles fans believe that Vince Young saying that the Eagles were a 'Dream Team' is the reason that the Eagles had such a horrible season.

text: Eagles fans had high expectations going into the 2012 season. The Eagles started off winning three out of their four first games, but that changed when they lost the next eight games, and were eliminated from the playoff hunt. They only won one out of their last four games. After a loss to the New York Giants on December 30, 2012, longtime head coach Andy Reid was fired after fourteen seasons with the team.[25]

text: Chip Kelly era (2013–2015)[edit]

text: On January 16, 2013, the Eagles brought in University of Oregon head coach Chip Kelly to succeed Reid as head coach after a 4–12 season.[26] The Philadelphia Eagles named Michael Vick starting quarterback going into the 2013 season with much promise running Chip Kelly's fast-paced spread offense. Sonny Round was expected to be the lead running back heading into the season, but was traded to the Canadian Football League shortly before the start of the year.

text: The 2013 season proved to be more successful for the Eagles. A hamstring injury took Michael Vick out after a 1–3 start, but his backup, Nick Foles, led the team to a 10–6 regular season record, and its seventh NFC East title in 13 seasons. Before throwing his first interception in Week 14, Foles threw 19 touchdowns, which was just one shy of the all-time NFL record of consecutive touchdowns without an interception to start a season, set earlier in the season by Peyton Manning. Foles also tied Manning for most touchdown passes in a single-game with seven against the Oakland Raiders which also made him the youngest player in NFL history to throw that many touchdowns in a game. Foles finished the regular season with 27 touchdown passes and only 2 interceptions, giving him the then-best TD-INT ratio in NFL history. (That record was later broken by Tom Brady, in the 2016 season.) He also finished with a 119.0 passer rating, third highest in league history behind only Aaron Rodgers in 2011 and Peyton Manning in 2004. He was also only the second quarterback in NFL history to have a game in which he topped 400 passing yards and a perfect passer rating. LeSean McCoy finished his Pro Bowl season as the league's top rusher with 1,607 rushing yards (also a franchise record) and 2,146 total yards from scrimmage, also best in the NFL. As a whole, the Eagles offense scored 51 touchdowns, most in franchise history passing the previous season high set back in 1948.

text: The Eagles opened the 2014 season winning their first three games and making NFL history as the only team ever to trail by ten or more points in their first three games and come back to win.[27] Nick Foles struggled with turnovers, but ultimately did well and led the Eagles to a 6–2 record, before breaking his collarbone, resulting in his job getting taken over by Mark Sanchez, who outplayed Foles despite facing more playoff teams. The Eagles held the divisional title from week one to week 15 against the Cowboys. After going 9–3 with their crucial win over the Cowboys, the Eagles lost their next 3, and a week after losing the NFC East title, they lost an upset against the 3–11 Redskins and were eliminated from playoff contention with the Cowboys' win over the Colts.

text: Following the 2014 season, Chip Kelly was given total control and made some controversial moves. He traded LeSean McCoy, who had become the team's all-time leading rusher after the 2014 season, for linebacker Kiko Alonso, a player Kelly coached at Oregon who had missed the entire 2014 season.[28] He also cut ten-year veteran and starter, Trent Cole, who was still a consistent threat on defense and was second only to legend Reggie White on the Eagles all-time sack list.[29] He also made a trade where the highly successful Nick Foles was traded for Sam Bradford, who had missed the entire 2014 season with an ACL tear.[30] Kelly tried to re-sign Jeremy Maclin, who had stepped up as the team's leading wide receiver, but he signed with the Kansas City Chiefs instead. However, the Eagles also acquired league leading rusher DeMarco Murray,[31] which not only helped the Eagles, but hurt their rivals, the Dallas Cowboys. They also obtained Super Bowl champion Byron Maxwell,[32] who left the Seattle Seahawks in free agency to sign a six-year, $63 million contract. The first two games of the season were disastrous, as they started 0–2. Bradford had a 2–4 TD-INT ratio, Maxwell was constantly beaten by Falcons receiver Julio Jones, and Murray was held to 11 yards on 21 carries. After Murray was injured, Ryan Mathews rushed for over 100 yards in a Week 3 win against the New York Jets. Kelly made Murray the unquestioned starter and although Murray's play improved over the season, he never regained his dominant form and was held to a career low 3.6 yards per carry average.

text: On December 29, 2015, with one game left in the season, head coach Chip Kelly was released by the Eagles. Offensive Coordinator Pat Shurmur was named Interim Coach for the final game against the rival New York Giants, which Shurmur won 35–30.[33] Former player and current running backs coach Duce Staley was the first coach to be interviewed for the opening head coaching job on January 2, 2016.[34]

text: Doug Pederson era (2016–present)[edit]

text: The Eagles hired Chiefs offensive coordinator Doug Pederson as their next head coach. The team made the official announcement on Monday, January 18, 2016. Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie said in a statement:

text: "Doug is a strategic thinker, a compelling leader and communicator, and someone who truly knows how to get the best out of his players. All of these factors were what initially attracted us to Doug and we believe that he is the right man to help us achieve our ultimate goal."

text: Pederson had been with the Chiefs for the preceding three years after spending the four seasons previous to those with the Eagles. He served as a quality control assistant for the Eagles in 2009 and 2010 before being promoted to quarterbacks coach for the 2011 and 2012 seasons. He was praised for his work with Chiefs quarterback Alex Smith over the preceding few seasons, particularly 2015, as the Chiefs moved into the top 10 in scoring offense.[35][36]

text: At the end of the 2015 season, the Eagles had the 13th pick in the 2016 NFL Draft. They traded Byron Maxwell, Kiko Alonso, and their pick to the Miami Dolphins for the #8 pick. Later, they traded the #8 pick, their third-round pick, their fourth-round pick, a 2017 first-round pick, and a 2018 second-round pick to the Cleveland Browns for the #2 pick and a 2017 fourth-round pick. They would use the #2 pick to draft North Dakota State quarterback Carson Wentz. On September 3, 2016, the Eagles traded starting quarterback Sam Bradford to the Minnesota Vikings, who had lost Teddy Bridgewater for the season, for a 2017 first-round pick and a 2018 fourth-round pick. Following the trade, the Eagles named Wentz the starting quarterback for Week 1 of the 2016 season.[37] First time head coach Pederson led the Eagles to a successful 3–0 start to the season. His rookie quarterback started with 5 touchdowns, 0 interceptions and over 255 yards per game. The week 4 bye took a toll on the Eagles, and they went on to lose their next four out of five games, including a loss to every rival team in their division. In those four games, their average margin of loss was just under 5 points.[38] Continuing on throughout the season, Pederson and the Eagles won just 3 of their last 7 games. Among those included grueling road losses against the Seattle Seahawks, the Cincinnati Bengals, and the Baltimore Ravens. Although 2nd overall pick Wentz started off the season well, the 6-5 quarterback finished with a TD–INT ratio of 16:14. The rookie head coach and rookie quarterback tandem led the Eagles to an ultimately disappointing year, finishing with a 7–9 record and coming in last in the division.

text: Season records[edit]

text:
Regular Season Record (all-time): 556–591–26
Playoff Record (all-time): 19–21 (last appearance after 2013 season)
Most Points in a Season: 474 points (2014)
NFL Championships Won: 3
Super Bowls Won: 0 out of 2 appearances
Passing Leader (all-time): Donovan McNabb – 32,873 yards
Rushing Leader (all-time): Lesean McCoy – 6,792 yards
Receiving Leader (all-time): Harold Carmichael – 8,978 yards
Winning-est Coach (all-time): Andy Reid – 130 wins
Top Player by Approximate Value (all-time): Donovan McNabb – 126 AV

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: New York Giants[edit]

text: One of the NFL's oldest, this rivalry began on October 15, 1933[39] when the Giants defeated the newly founded Eagles 56–0. The Giants lead the all-time series 85–81–2. Three of the best known comebacks against the Giants are labeled as "Miracle In The Meadowlands – Herm Edwards", "Miracle In The Meadowlands II – Brian Westbrook" and "Miracle In The New Meadowlands – DeSean Jackson".

text: Dallas Cowboys[edit]

text: The Cowboys have been one of the Eagles' biggest rivals. The Eagles won the first game in this rivalry 27–25 on September 30, 1960. Dallas leads the all-time series 63–50–0. They have been close in recent years, with Dallas winning 12 games from 2006 to the present while the Eagles have won 11. There is much hostility between the two teams' fan bases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowl.

text: Washington Redskins[edit]

text: Not as big as the rivalries between the Giants and Cowboys, that with division rivals Washington Redskins is still fierce. It started in 1934 when the Washington Redskins were first known as the Boston Redskin; the Redskin defeated the Eagles 6–0, and lead the all-time series 81–78–5. The Redskins have owned the rivalry since 2010, most recently extending their winning streak against the Eagles to 5 consecutive games with a 27–22 victory at the Linc on December 11, 2016. The last time the Redskins won 5 or more consecutive games against the Eagles was 1981–84, during which they won 6 consecutive games.

text: Pittsburgh Steelers[edit]

text: The Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers are both located in Pennsylvania and began play in 1933. From that season, through 1966, this was a major rivalry for both teams as both were part of the same division. In 1967, they were placed in separate divisions but remained in the same conference for three years. Finally, in 1970, the Steelers (along with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts) moved to the American Football Conference while the Eagles stayed with the rest of the old-line NFL teams in the National Football Conference. As a result, the Eagles and Steelers no longer played each other every year. Currently they are scheduled to meet once every four years in the regular season, the most recent meeting being in 2016 at Philadelphia, with the Eagles winning 34-3. The Steelers have lost nine straight games on the road against the Eagles dating back to 1966, which was also the start of the Super Bowl era. The Eagles lead the all-time series 48–28–3.

text: Logo and uniforms[edit]

text: For several decades, the Eagles' colors were kelly green, silver, and white. In 1954, the Eagles, along with the Baltimore Colts, became the second team ever in the NFL to put a logo on their helmets, with silver wings on a kelly green helmet. In 1969, the team wore two helmet versions: Kelly green with white wings in road games, and white with kelly green wings at home. From 1970 to '73, they wore the white helmets with Kelly green wings exclusively before switching back to Kelly green helmets with silver wings. By 1974, Joseph A. Scirrotto Jr. designed the silver wings took on a white outline, and this style on a kelly green helmet became standard for over two decades.

text: From 1948–95, the team logo was an eagle in flight carrying a football in its claws, although from '69–72, the eagle took on a more stylized look. As the design was similar to the Apollo 11 emblem, and its moon-landing craft was dubbed Eagle, players wore the flight's mission patch on their jerseys during 1969.[citation needed]

text: In 1973, the team's name was added below the eagle, which returned to its pre-'69 look.

text: However, both the logo and uniforms were radically altered in 1996. The primary kelly green color was changed to a darker shade, officially described as "midnight green." Silver was practically abandoned, as uniform pants moved to either white or midnight green. The traditional helmet wings were changed to a primarily white color, with silver and black accents. The team's logo combination (the eagle and club name lettering) also changed in 1996, with the eagle itself limited to a white (bald eagle) head, drawn in a less realistic, more cartoon-based style, and the lettering changing from calligraphic to block letters.

text: Since the 1996 alterations, the team has made only minor alterations, mostly relating to jersey/pant combinations worn during specific games. For example, in 1997, against the San Francisco 49ers, the team wore midnight green jerseys and pants for the first of only two occasions in team history. The second occasion was in 2002, during the final regular season game at Veterans Stadium, a win over the division-rival Washington Redskins. A year later, in the first two games of the 2003 season (both home losses to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New England Patriots), the Eagles wore white jerseys with white pants. Since 2003, the white jerseys along with white pants have been worn during preseason games.

text: The 2003 season also saw the first (though only subtle) change to the 1996-style uniform. On both white and green jerseys, black shadows and silver trim were added to both the green and white numbering. The stripe on the pants changed from black-green-black to black-silver-green on the white pants, and from a solid black stripe to one stripe of black, another of silver, with one small white stripe in between for the midnight blue pants. The 2003 season also saw the team debut black alternate jerseys, with a green (instead of black) shadow on white numbers, and silver trim. These black jerseys have been worn for two selected home games each season (usually the first home game after bye week and the season finale). In the 2003 and 2004 regular-season home finales, the team wore the green road pants with the black alternate jerseys, but lost each game. Since then, the Eagles have only worn the black jerseys with the white pants. However, due to the special 75th anniversary uniforms serving as the "alternates" for one game in 2007, the Eagles could not wear the alternate black jersey that season per league rules (alternate uniforms are permitted twice per season but only one can be used). The black jerseys with white pants, however, re-appeared for the 2008 Thanksgiving night game against the Arizona Cardinals. The black jerseys were most recently used in a December 21, 2016 game against the New York Giants, in which they won 24-19. From 2006–2013, the Eagles have only worn the alternate black jerseys once a season and for the last November home game, but did not use them in 2007, 2010, and 2011. For the 2007 and 2010 seasons, the Eagles used throwback uniforms in place of the black alternates for their anniversary to commemorate past teams. The team also started wearing black shoes exclusively in 2004. Since 2014, the Eagles have worn the black jersey twice per season. In 2016, they wore the black jersey three times.

text: To celebrate the team's 75th anniversary, the 2007 uniforms featured a 75th-season logo patch on the left shoulder. In addition, the team wore "throwback" jerseys in a 2007 game against the Detroit Lions. The yellow and blue jerseys, the same colors found on Philadelphia's city flag, are based on those worn by the Philadelphia Eagles in the team's inaugural season, and were the same colors used by the former Frankford Yellow Jackets franchise prior to their suspension of operations in 1931. The Eagles beat Detroit, 56–21.[41]

text: The Philadelphia Eagles wear their white jerseys at home for preseason games and daytime games in the first half of the regular season from September to mid-October when the temperature is warmer. In night contests in the first half of the regular season, the Eagles do not need to wear white at home since the temperature is cooler. However, there have been exceptions, such as the home opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2003 and the Washington Redskins in 2007 that were played at night. In late October or beginning in November, the Eagles start to wear their colors at home (although they have done it earlier before), be it the midnight green jerseys or a third jersey. On one occasion the Eagles wore white at home after October in a meeting against the Dallas Cowboys on November 4, 2007 to make the Cowboys wear their road blue jerseys. Since moving to Lincoln Financial Field in 2003, the Eagles have worn white at home for at least their home opener, with the exceptions for the 2010 home opener (see next paragraph), the 2011 home opener against the New York Giants, the 2016 home opener against the Cleveland Browns, and the 2017 home opener against the Giants.

text: In the 2010 season against the Green Bay Packers, on September 12, 2010, the Eagles wore uniforms similar to the ones that were worn by the 1960 championship team in honor the 50th anniversary of that team.[42] In weeks 4 and 6 of the 2010 season, the Eagles wore their white jerseys in a match-up against the Washington Redskins and Atlanta Falcons respectively before reverting to their midnight green jerseys for the rest of their home games. For the 2011 season, the Eagles did not wear white for any of their home games.

text: For the 2012 season Nike took over from Reebok as the NFL's official apparel licensee but the Eagles decided that they would not be adopting Nike's "Elite 51" uniform technology. Aside from the Nike logo replacing the Reebok logo, the only other change is the league-wide revision of the NFL shield on the uniform (replacing the NFL Equipment logo), other than that the uniforms essentially remain unchanged. The Eagles also revived their black alternate jersey.

text: For the 2013 season, the Eagles started to wear white pants, as an alternate to their green pants, with their white jerseys, in the regular season.

text: For the 2014 season the Eagles have officially adopted the "Elite 51″ style uniform from Nike. Recently the team has discussed bringing back the "Kelly Green" uniforms similar to the uniforms worn in the 1960 NFL Championship season and which were last worn in the 2010 season opener vs. Green Bay. Traditionally kelly green, silver and white had been the official team color until 1996 season when it switched to the current "Midnight Green" uniforms. But due to the NFL rules and restrictions having a team go through a waiting period before any major uniform changes and alterations can be made, it would most likely be quite some time before any uniform changes are officially made.

text: In Week 6 of 2014 against the New York Giants, the team introduced black pants to complement their black jerseys, giving them a blackout uniform set, the Eagles won the game 27–0. The victory was their first shutout in 18 years. The blackout uniform was most recently worn in a Week 16 victory, 24-19, against the Giants in 2016. The Eagles are 4–3 in their blackout uniforms: winning three times against the Giants and once against the Minnesota Vikings, and losing against the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, and Green Bay Packers.

text: Training camp[edit]

text: The Eagles previously held their preseason training camp from the end of July through mid-August each year at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley.[43] With the addition of new head coach Chip Kelly, the Eagles recently moved their training camp to the NovaCare Complex in Philadelphia.[44][45] Training camps were previously held at Chestnut Hill Academy in 1935, Saint Joseph's University in 1939 and 1943, Saranac Lake from 1946–1948, Hershey from 1951–1967, Albright College from 1968–1972, Widener University from 1973–1979, and West Chester University from 1980–1995.[45]

text: Fight song[edit]

text: This fight song is heard during Eagles' home games after touchdowns and before the team is introduced prior to kickoff.

text: Fans[edit]

text: Devotion[edit]

text: Although the method may vary, studies that attempt to rank the 32 fan bases in the NFL consistently place Eagles fans among the best in the league, noting their "unmatched fervor."[46] Eagles fans have numerous dedicated web communities, ranking the Eagles just behind the Phillies as the dominant Philadelphia sports presence on the web.[47]

text: The American City Business Journals, which conducts a regular study to determine the most loyal fans in the NFL, evaluates fans based primarily on attendance-related factors,[48] and ranked Eagles fans third in both 1999[49] and 2006.[50] The 2006 study called the fans "incredibly loyal", noting that they filled 99.8% of the seats in the stadium over the previous decade.[51] Forbes placed the Eagles fans first in its 2008 survey,[52] which was based on the correlation between team performance and fan attendance.[53] ESPN.com placed Eagles fans fourth in the league in its 2008 survey, citing the connection between the team's performance and the mood of the city.[54] The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles.[citation needed]

text: The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets.[54] Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005–2006 season, the Eagles ranked second in the NFL in merchandise sales, and single-game tickets for the next season were sold out minutes after phone and Internet lines opened.[55]

text: Eagles fans have also been known to chant the famous, "E-A-G-L-E-S – Eagles!!" at Flyers, Phillies, and Sixers games when the team is getting blown out late in a game and a loss is inevitable, signifying their displeasure with the given team's performance, and that they are instead putting their hope into the Eagles.

text: Bad behavior[edit]

text: Along with their fierce devotion, Eagles fans have a reputation for bad behavior and sports-related violence, especially when the team plays its rivals.[56] In If Football's a Religion, Why Don't We Have a Prayer?, Jereé Longman described the fans of the 700 Level of Veterans Stadium as having a reputation for "hostile taunting, fighting, public urination and general strangeness."[57] So many incidents occurred at a 1997 game against the 49ers that at the following home game, Judge Seamus McCaffrey began presiding over a temporary courtroom at the stadium; 20 suspects came before him that day.[56] Fan behavior improved after the team's move to Lincoln Financial Field, and "Eagles Court" ended in December 2003.[58]

text: Eagles cheerleaders[edit]

text: The team also has its own cheerleading squad, who performs a variety of dance moves for the fans and the Eagles on the sideline.[59] The squad also releases a swimsuit calendar each year, and is the first squad in the league to release the calendar on the Android and iOS mobile systems.[60][61]

text: Current roster[edit]

text:
Philadelphia Eagles roster

view
talk
edit

Quarterbacks

 9 Nick Foles
11 Carson Wentz

Running backs

-- Jay Ajayi
38 Kenjon Barner
29 LeGarrette Blount
30 Corey Clement
28 Wendell Smallwood

Wide receivers

13 Nelson Agholor
18 Shelton Gibson
10 Mack Hollins
17 Alshon Jeffery
14 Marcus Johnson
82 Torrey Smith

Tight ends

88 Trey Burton
87 Brent Celek
86 Zach Ertz

Offensive linemen

79 Brandon Brooks G
77 Taylor Hart T
65 Lane Johnson T
62 Jason Kelce C
73 Isaac Seumalo G
72 Halapoulivaati Vaitai T
67 Chance Warmack G
61 Stefen Wisniewski G

Defensive linemen

94 Beau Allen DT
96 Derek Barnett DE
91 Fletcher Cox DT
75 Vinny Curry DE
55 Brandon Graham DE
90 Justin Hamilton DT
93 Timmy Jernigan DT
56 Chris Long DE
51 Steven Means DE
98 Elijah Qualls DT
97 Destiny Vaeao DT

Linebackers

53 Nigel Bradham OLB
47 Nathan Gerry OLB
52 Najee Goode OLB
54 Kamu Grugier-Hill OLB
58 Jordan Hicks MLB
95 Mychal Kendricks OLB
59 Joe Walker MLB

Defensive backs

41 Ronald Darby CB
32 Rasul Douglas CB
24 Corey Graham FS
27 Malcolm Jenkins SS
33 Dexter McDougle CB
23 Rodney McLeod FS
31 Jalen Mills CB
21 Patrick Robinson CB
26 Jaylen Watkins SS

Special teams

 4 Jake Elliott K
45 Rick Lovato LS
 8 Donnie Jones P

Reserve lists

-- Randall Goforth CB (IR)
22 Sidney Jones CB (NF-Inj.)
42 Chris Maragos FS (IR)
71 Jason Peters T (IR)
34 Donnel Pumphrey RB (IR)
-- Aziz Shittu DT (IR)
43 Darren Sproles RB (IR)
 6 Caleb Sturgis K (IR)
-- Dom Williams WR (IR)

Practice squad

68 Josh Andrews G
36 De'Vante Bausby CB
85 Billy Brown TE
48 Don Cherry LB
 4 Rashard Davis WR
69 Dillon Gordon OT
35 D. J. Killings CB
39 Byron Marshall RB
 7 Nate Sudfeld QB
89 Greg Ward Jr. WR

Rookies in italics
Roster updated October 31, 2017
Depth chart • Transactions
54 Active, 8 Inactive, 10 Practice squad
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: List of Philadelphia Eagles players (past and present)[edit]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text:
Philadelphia Eagles retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Years played

5
Donovan McNabb
QB
1999–2009

15
Steve Van Buren
HB
1944–1951

20
Brian Dawkins
S
1996–2008

40
Tom Brookshier
CB
1953–1961

44
Pete Retzlaff
RB, WR, TE
1956–1966

60
Chuck Bednarik
LB, C
1949–1962

70
Al Wistert
OT
1943–1951

92
Reggie White(*)
DE
1985–1992

99
Jerome Brown(*)
DT
1987–1991

text: Notes:

text:
(*) Posthumous honors.
Despite not being retired, no one has ever worn Randall Cunningham's No. 12 since he left the Eagles.[62]

text: Pro Football Hall of Famers[edit]

text:
Eagles in the Pro Football Hall of Fame

Players

No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted
No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted

60
Chuck Bednarik
C–LB
1949–1962
1967
33
Ollie Matson
RB
1964–1966
1972

76
Bob Brown
OT
1964–1968
2004
25
Tommy McDonald
WR
1957–1963
1998

80
Cris Carter
WR
1987–1989
2013
85
James Arthur "Art" Monk
WR
1995
2008

95
Richard Dent
DE
1997
2011
35
Pete Pihos
TE–DE
1947–1955
1970

89
Mike Ditka
TE
1967–1968
1988
54
Jim Ringo
C
1964–1967
1981

86
Bud Grant
WR–DE
1951–1952
1994
11
Norm Van Brocklin
QB
1958–1960
1971

56
Bill Hewitt
End-FB
1937–1939, 1943
1971
15
Steve Van Buren
HB
1944–1951
1965

87
Claude Humphrey
DE
1979–1981
2014
92
Reggie White
DE
1985–1992
2006

9
Sonny Jurgensen
QB
1957–1963
1983
53
Alex Wojciechowicz
C–DT
1946–1950
1968

80
James Lofton
WR
1993
2003

Coaches and Executives

Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted

Bert Bell
Owner/Founder
1933–1940
1963

Wayne Millner
Assistant Coach
1951
1968

Earle "Greasy" Neale
Head Coach
1941–1950
1969

Mike McCormack
Head Coach
1973–1975
1984

text: Eagles Hall of Fame[edit]

text: In 1987, the Eagles Honor Roll was established. Every Eagles player who had by then been elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame was among the inaugural induction class. By 2012, the Honor Roll had been retitled as the Eagles Hall of Fame.[63] Players are considered for induction three years after their retirement from the NFL, and there have been 41 inductees into the Eagles Hall of Fame as of 2015.[64]

text:
Eagles Hall of Fame

Year
No.
Name
Position(s)
Tenure

1987
60
Chuck Bednarik
C–LB
1949–1962

—
Bert Bell
Founder-Owner
1933–1940

17
Harold Carmichael
WR
1971–1983

56
Bill Hewitt
TE–DE
1936–1939, 1943

9
Sonny Jurgensen
QB
1957–1963

33
Ollie Matson
RB
1964–1966

31
Wilbert Montgomery
RB
1977–1984

—
Earle "Greasy" Neale
Head Coach
1941–1950

35
Pete Pihos
TE–DE
1947–1955

54
Jim Ringo
C
1964–1967

11
Norm Van Brocklin
QB
1958–1960

15
Steve Van Buren
HB
1944–1951

53
Alex Wojciechowicz
C–DT
1946–1950

1988
66
Bill Bergey
LB
1974–1980

25
Tommy McDonald
WR
1957–1963

1989
40
Tom Brookshier
CB
1954–1961

44
Pete Retzlaff
TE
1956–1966

1990
22
Timmy Brown
RB
1960–1967

1991
76
Jerry Sisemore
OT
1973–1987

75
Stan Walters
OT
1975–1983

1992
7
Ron Jaworski
QB
1977–1986

1993
28
Bill Bradley
S–P
1969–1976

1994
—
Dick Vermeil
Head Coach
1976–1982

1995
—
Jim Gallagher
Team Executive
1949–1995

82
Mike Quick
WR
1982–1990

1996
99
Jerome Brown
DT
1987–1991

1999
—
Otho Davis
Head Trainer
1973–1995

1948 NFL Championship team

1949 NFL Championship team

2004
76
Bob Brown
OT
1964–1968

2005
92
Reggie White
DE
1985–1992

2009
70
Al Wistert
OT
1943–1951

12
Randall Cunningham
QB–P
1985–1995

2011
21
Eric Allen
CB
1988–1994

—
Jim Johnson
Defensive Coordinator
1999–2008

2012
—
Leo Carlin
Ticket Manager
1960–2015

20
Brian Dawkins
S
1996–2008

23
Troy Vincent
CB
1996–2003

2013
5
Donovan McNabb
QB
1999–2009

2015
36
Brian Westbrook
RB
2002–2009

55
Maxie Baughan
LB
1960–1965

2016
54
Jeremiah Trotter
LB
1998–2001, 2004–2006, 2009

-
Merrill Reese
Radio Play by Play
1977–Present

2017
2
David Akers
K
1999- 2010

text: 75th anniversary team[edit]

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Philadelphia Eagles 75th Anniversary Team (2007)

Offense
McNabb (QB)
Van Buren (RB)
Byars (FB)
Carmichael (WR)
McDonald (WR)
Pihos (TE)
Thomas (LT)
Key (LG)
Bednarik (C)
Andrews (RG)
Runyan (RT)
Defense
Simmons (DE)
White (DE)
J. Brown (DT)
Johnson (DT)
Bednarik (MLB)
Joyner (OLB)
Wojciechowicz (OLB)
Allen (CB)
Vincent (CB)
Waters (SS)
Dawkins (FS)
Special teams
T. Brown (KR)
Westbrook (PR)
Akers (PK)
Landeta (P)
Papale (ST)
Coach
Andy Reid

text: John Wanamaker Athletic Award (Philadelphia Sports Congress)[edit]

text: Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame[edit]

text: Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame[edit]

text: Franchise records[edit]

text: Source:pro-football-reference.com Eagles Franchise Page

text: Passing[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs
Rookie

Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game
Season
Game

Completions
2801
Donovan McNabb
379
Carson Wentz
2016
37
Mark Sanchez
2014-12-20 @WAS
Sam Bradford
2015-12-26 WAS
341
Donovan McNabb
73
Donovan McNabb
2008
30
Donovan McNabb
2005-02-06 NNWE
379
Carson Wentz
2016
36
Carson Wentz
2016-12-04 @CIN

Pass Attempts
4746
Donovan McNabb
607
Carson Wentz
2016
62
Randall Cunningham
1989-10-02 @CHI
Nick Foles
2014-10-26 @ARI
577
Donovan McNabb
121
Donovan McNabb
2008
54
Randall Cunningham
1988-12-31 @CHI
607
Carson Wentz
2016
60
Carson Wentz
2016-12-04 @CIN

Passing Yards
32873
Donovan McNabb
3916
Donovan McNabb
2008
464
Donovan McNabb
2004-12-05 GNB
3752
Donovan McNabb
892
Donovan McNabb
2008
407
Randall Cunningham
1988-12-31 @CHI
3782
Carson Wentz
2016
381
Nick Foles
2012-12-09 @TAM

Passing TDs
216
Donovan McNabb
32
Sonny Jurgensen
1961
7
Nick Foles
2013-11-03 @OAK
24
Donovan McNabb
7
Donovan McNabb
2004
3
Ron Jaworski
1979-12-23 CHI
Rodney Peete
1995-12-30 DET
Donovan McNabb
2005-02-06 NNWE
2009-01-18 @ARI
16
Carson Wentz
2016
3
Scott Tinsley
1987-10-11 @DAL
Donovan McNabb
2000-01-02 STL

Intercepted
151
Ron Jaworski
26
Sonny Jurgensen
1962
6
Bobby Thomason
1956-10-21 CRD
Pete Liske
1971-09-26 DAL
17
Donovan McNabb
7
Ron Jaworski
1980
3
Ron Jaworski
1981-01-25 NOAK
Randall Cunningham
1988-12-31 @CHI
Donovan McNabb
2004-01-18 CAR
2005-02-06 NNWE
17
Davey O'Brien
1939
4
Randall Cunningham
1985-09-15 RAM
Scott Tinsley
1987-10-18 @GNB
Brad Goebel
1991-10-13 NOR

Passer Rating
94.2+
Nick Foles
119.2#
Nick Foles
2013
158.3*
Donovan McNabb
2007-09-23 DET
Nick Foles
2013-11-03 @OAK
83.6#
Jeff Garcia
132.4*
Rodney Peete
1995
143.3*
Rodney Peete
1995-12-30 DET
79.3#
Carson Wentz
2016
131.7*
Scott Tinsley
1987-10-11 @DAL

Sacked
422
Randall Cunningham
72
Randall Cunningham
1986
12
Donovan McNabb
2007-09-30 @NYG
48
Donovan McNabb
12
Donovan McNabb
2003
8
Donovan McNabb
2004-01-11 GNB
38
John Reaves
1972
7
Randall Cunningham
1985-09-29 NYG

Yds/Pass Att
8.71+
Sonny Jurgensen
9.12#
Nick Foles
2013
16.29*
Sonny Jurgensen
1962-11-25 DAL
6.5#
Donovan McNabb
Randall Cunningham
10.2*
Norm Van Brocklin
1960
10.8*
Rodney Peete
1995-12-30 DET
6.73#
John Reaves
1972
12.47*
Randall Cunningham
1985-09-22 @WAS

Pass Yds/Game
266.1+
Sam Bradford
278.6#
Donovan McNabb
2005
-
234.5#
Donovan McNabb
407*
Randall Cunningham
1988
-
242.7#
Nick Foles
2012
-

text: + = min. 500 attempts, # = min. 100 attempts, ∗ = minimum 15 attempts,

text: Rushing[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs
Rookie

Statistic
Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game
Season
Game

Rush Attempts
1465
Wilbert Montgomery
353
Ricky Watters
1996
35
Heath Sherman
1990-11-12 WAS
141
Wilbert Montgomery
68
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
26
Wilbert Montgomery
1979-12-23 CHI
1981-01-03 MIN
1981-01-11 DAL
182
Po James
1972
28
Charlie Garner
1994-10-09 WAS

Rush Yards
6792
LeSean McCoy
1607
LeSean McCoy
2013
217
LeSean McCoy
2013-12-08 DET
591
Brian Westbrook
312
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
194
Wilbert Montgomery
1981-01-11 DAL
637
LeSean McCoy
2009
178
Bryce Brown
2012-11-26 CAR

Rush Yds/Att
6.62
Randall Cunningham
7.98
Randall Cunningham
1990
11.63
Timmy Brown
1965-11-07 @CLE
5.86
Donovan McNabb
7.79
Brian Westbrook
2006
7.46
Wilbert Montgomery
1981-01-11 DAL
4.9
Bryce Brown
2012
9.37
Bryce Brown
2012-11-26 CAR

Rushing TDs
69
Steve Van Buren
17
LeSean McCoy
2011
3
Wilbert Montgomery
1979-10-07 WAS
1982-12-19 HOU
LeSean McCoy
2010-09-19 @DET
6
Wilbert Montgomery
3
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
Brian Westbrook
2006
2
Wilbert Montgomery
1981-01-03 MIN
1981-12-27 NYG
4
Ken Keller
1956
LeSean McCoy
2009
Bryce Brown
2012
2
Wilbert Montgomery
1977-12-18 NYJ
James Joseph
1991-11-04 NYG
Charlie Garner
1994-10-02 @SFO
Bryce Brown
2012-11-26 CAR
2012-12-02 @DAL

Rush Yds/Game
79
Ricky Watters
100.4
LeSean McCoy
2013
-
74
Wilbert Montgomery
128.5
Brian Westbrook
2006
-
70.1
Mike Hogan
1976
-

text: ∗ = minimum 15 attempts, # = min. 100 attempts, + = min. 500 attempts

text: Receiving[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs
Rookie

Statistic
Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game
Season
Game

Receptions
589
Harold Carmichael
90
Brian Westbrook
2007
13
Jeremy Maclin
2011-09-18 @ATL
Zach Ertz
2017-01-01 DAL
38
Chad Lewis
19
Brent Celek
2008
10
Brent Celek
2009-01-18 @ARI
81
Keith Jackson
1988
11
Junior Tautalatasi
1986-11-09 NYG

Receiving Yds
8,978
Harold Carmichael
1409
Mike Quick
1983
237
Tommy McDonald
1961-12-10 NYG
465
Harold Carmichael
211
Kevin Curtis
2008
146
Jeremy Maclin
2010-01-09 @DAL
912
DeSean Jackson
2008
177
Hank Baskett
2006-12-31 ATL

Yds/Rec
19.16+
Tommy McDonald
21.44#
Ben Hawkins
1967
52.5*
DeSean Jackson
2010-12-12 @DAL
16.03#
Harold Carmichael
23.5*
Donte' Stallworth
2006
30.5*
Kevin Curtis
2009-01-18 @ARI
21.09
#Hank Baskett
2006
28.5*
Fred Barnett
1990-10-15 MIN

Receiving TDs
79
Harold Carmichael
14
Terrell Owens
2004
4
Ben Hawkins
1969-09-28 PIT
6
Harold Carmichael
3
Harold Carmichael
1979
Brent Celek
2008
2
Harold Carmichael
1979-12-23 CHI
Fred Barnett
1993-01-03 @NOR
Chad Lewis
2005-01-23 ATL
Brent Celek
2009-01-18 @ARI
9
Calvin Williams
1990
2
(9 times)

Rec Yds/Game
70.3+
DeSean Jackson
90.4#
Ben Hawkins
1967
-
66.4#
Harold Carmichael
146*
Jeremy Maclin
2009
-
64.3#
Don Looney
1940
-

text: ∗ = minimum 4 receptions, # = min. 20 receptions, + = min. 200 receptions

text: Other[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs
Rookie

Statistic
Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game
Season
Game

Total TDs
79
Harold Carmichael
20
LeSean McCoy
2011
4
Ben Hawkins
1969-09-28 PIT
Wilbert Montgomery
1978-09-10 @WAS
1979-10-07 WAS
Brian Westbrook
2008-11-27 ARI
6
Brian Westbrook
Wilbert Montgomery
Harold Carmichael
3
Harold Carmichael
1979
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
Duce Staley
2001
Brian Westbrook
2006
Brent Celek
2008
2
(8 times)
9
Calvin Williams
1990
2
(15 times)

Yds from Scrimmage
9,785
Brian Westbrook
2146
LeSean McCoy
2013
249
Timmy Brown
1962-12-16 @STL
925
Brian Westbrook
443
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
208
Wilbert Montgomery
1981-01-11 DAL
878
Charle Young
1973
189
Bryce Brown
2012-11-26 CAR

All Purpose Yds
12,049
Timmy Brown
2428
Timmy Brown
1963
341
Timmy Brown
1962-12-16 @STL
953
Brian Westbrook
443
Wilbert Montgomery
1980
208
Wilbert Montgomery
1981-01-11 DAL
940
Steve Van Buren
1944
231
Kevin Bowman
1987-10-11 @DAL

text: Returning[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs

Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game

Kick Returns
169
Timmy Brown
54
Allen Rossum
1999
8
Derrick Witherspoon
1996-11-24 @ARI
Allen Rossum
1999-11-21 IND
Quintin Demps
2008-11-09 NYG
22
Brian Mitchell
11
Brian Mitchell
2001
6
Brian Mitchell
2002-01-27 @STL

Kick Ret Yds
4,483
Timmy Brown
1347
Allen Rossum
1999
253
Derrick Witherspoon
1996-11-24 @ARI
522
Brian Mitchell
239
Brian Mitchell
2001
128
Brian Mitchell
2002-01-27 @STL

Yds/KR
27.74
Josh Huff
33.25
Steve Van Buren
1944

61
Jake Elliott
2017-09-24

25.29
J.R. Reed
26.8
Brian Mitchell
2002
31.25
Brian Mitchell
2003-01-19 TAM

Kick Ret TDs
5
Timmy Brown
2
Timmy Brown
1966
Derrick Witherspoon
1996
2
Timmy Brown
1966-11-06 DAL
0

Punt Returns
148
Wally Henry
54
Wally Henry
1981
9
Larry Marshall
1977-09-18 TAM
16
Brian Mitchell
8
Wally Henry
1979
John Sciarra
1980
6
John Sciarra
1981-01-11 DAL

Punt Ret Yds
1369
Brian Mitchell
567
Brian Mitchell
2002
140
Alvin Haymond
1968-10-06 @WAS
174
DeSean Jackson
122
DeSean Jackson
2008
109
DeSean Jackson
2009-01-04 @MIN

Yds/PR
14.71
Ernie Steele
20.44
Ernie Steele
1942
33
Brian Mitchell
2002-11-25 @SFO
15.82
DeSean Jackson
17.43
DeSean Jackson
2008
21.8
DeSean Jackson
2009-01-04 @MIN

Punt Ret TDs
4
DeSean Jackson
Darren Sproles
2
Brian Westbrook
2003
DeSean Jackson
2009
Darren Sproles
2014, 2015
1
(8 times)
0

Total Return Yds
4,997
Timmy Brown
1729
Brian Mitchell
2002
234
Vai Sikahema
1992-11-22 @NYG
657
Brian Mitchell
296
Brian Mitchell
2001
159
Brian Mitchell
2003-01-19 TAM

text: Defense[edit]

text:
Regular Season
Playoffs

Career
Season
Game
Career
Season
Game

Interceptions
34
Bill Bradley
Brian Dawkins
Eric Allen
11
Bill Bradley
1971
3
Don Burroughs
1961-12-03 @PIT
Nate Ramsey
1965-11-28 @STL
Jim Nettles
1965-12-12 @PIT
Joe Scarpati
1966-10-23 @NYG
5
Herm Edwards
3
Roynell Young
1980
Damon Moore
2001
2
Herm Edwards
1981-01-03 MIN
Roynell Young
1981-01-03 MIN
Eric Allen
1993-01-03 @NOR
Damon Moore
2002-01-12 TAM

Int Ret Yds
536
Bill Bradley
248
Bill Bradley
1971
114
Frank LeMaster
1975-12-21 @WAS
77
Damon Moore
77
Damon Moore
2001
59
Damon Moore
2002-01-12 TAM

Int Ret TDs
5
Eric Allen
4
Eric Allen
1993
2
Eric Allen
1993-12-26 NOR
1
(6 times)

Sacks (since 1982)
124
Reggie White
21
Reggie White
1987
4.5
Clyde Simmons
1991-09-15 @DAL
Hugh Douglas
1998-10-18 @SDG
4
Derrick Burgess
Hugh Douglas
Carl Hairston
Reggie White
3
Carl Hairston
1980
Derrick Burgess
2004
2
Carl Hairston
1981-01-03 MIN
Hugh Douglas
2000-12-31 TAM
Derrick Burgess
2005-01-23 ATL
Darwin Walker
2007-01-13 @NOR

text: Exceptional performances[edit]

text:
Statistic
Career
Season
Playoff Games
Rookie Games

300+ yard passing games
30
Donovan McNabb
6
Donovan McNabb
2004
3
Donovan McNabb
4
Carson Wentz
2016

100+ yard rushing games
26
Wilbert Montgomery
8
Wilbert Montgomery
1981
Brian Westbrook
2006
2
Brian Westbrook
2
Don Johnson
1953
Mike Hogan
1976
Charlie Garner
1994
Bryce Brown
2012

100+ yard receiving games
23
Pete Retzlaff
8
Terrell Owens
2004
2
Fred Barnett
Keith Jackson
4
Charle Young
1973

Games with 1+ TD scored
69
Harold Carmichael
13
LeSean McCoy
2011
5
Harold Carmichael
Duce Staley
Brian Westbrook
9
Calvin Williams
1990

Games with 2+ TD scored
18
Brian Westbrook
6
LeSean McCoy
2011
2
Wilbert Montgomery
2
Bryce Brown
2012
Jordan Matthews
2014

Games with 3+ TD scored
7
Brian Westbrook
2
Pete Retzlaff
1965
Wilbert Montgomery
1982
Terrell Owens
2004
Brian Westbrook
2007, 2008
-
-

text: Coaches of note[edit]

text: Current staff[edit]

text:
Philadelphia Eagles staff

v
t
e

Front Office

Chairman/CEO – Jeffrey Lurie
President – Don Smolenski
Executive Vice President of Football Operations – Howie Roseman
Senior Football Advisor – Tom Donahoe
Vice President of Player Personnel - Joe Douglas
Assistant Director of Player Personnel - Andy Weidl
Vice President of Football Operations and Strategy - Alec Halaby
Senior Director of College Scouting- Anthony Patch
Director of College Scouting – Ian Cunningham
Assistant Director of College Scouting - Mike Bradway
Director of Pro Scouting – Dwayne Joseph
Assistant Director of Pro Scouting - Brandon Brown
Director of Football Administration – Jake Rosenberg
Football Operations Executive - Brian Dawkins
Player Personnel Executive - T.J. McCreight
Player Personnel Executive College/Pro - Trey Brown
Director of Player Engagement - Paul Lancaster
Director of Football Compliance - Jon Ferrari

Head Coaches

Head Coach – Doug Pederson

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator – Frank Reich
Quarterbacks – John DeFilippo
Running Backs – Duce Staley
Wide Receivers – Mike Groh
Tight Ends – Justin Peelle
Offensive Line – Jeff Stoutland
Assistant Offensive Line/Tight Ends/Run Game – Eugene Chung
Offensive Quality Control/Assistant Quarterbacks – Press Taylor
Offensive Quality Control/Assistant Offensive Line – T.J. Paganetti

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – Jim Schwartz
Defensive Line – Chris Wilson
Linebackers – Ken Flajole
Secondary – Cory Undlin
Safeties – Tim Hauck
Defensive Quality Control/Assistant Defensive Line – Phillip Daniels
Defensive Quality Control/Assistant Secondary – Dino Vasso

Special Teams Coaches

Special Teams Coordinator – Dave Fipp
Assistant Special Teams – Matthew Harper

Strength and Conditioning

Head Strength and Conditioning – Josh Hingst
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Keith Gray
Strength Assistant - Ben Wagner
Director of Sports Science and Reconditioning – Shaun Huls

Support Staff

Coaching Assistant - Spencer Phillips
Coaching Assistant/Linebackers - Ryan Paganetti
Coaching Assistant - Trent Miles

→ Coaching Staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Radio and television[edit]

text: Eagles radio affiliates[edit]

text:
City
Call Sign
Frenquency

Atlantic City, New Jersey
WPGG
1450 AM

Easton, Pennsylvania
WCTO
96.1 FM

Levittown, Pennsylvania
WBCB
1490 AM

Milford, Delaware
WAFL
97.7 FM

Millville, New Jersey
WENJ
97.3 FM

Philadelphia
WTEL
610 AM

Philadelphia
WIP-FM
94.1 FM

Pottsville, Pennsylvania
WPPA
1360 AM

Reading, Pennsylvania
WEEU
830 AM

Scranton, Pennsylvania
WEJL
630 AM

Sunbury, Pennsylvania
WEGH
107.3 FM

Williamsport, Pennsylvania
WBZD-FM
93.3 FM

Wilmington, Delaware
WDEL
1150 AM

York, Pennsylvania
WSOX
96.1 FM

text: From 2008 through 2010, Eagles games were broadcast on both rock-formatted WYSP and sports-talk Sports Radio 610 WIP, as both stations are owned and operated by CBS Radio. In 2011, CBS dropped the music on WYSP, renaming it WIP-FM and making it a full simulcast of WIP.

text: Merrill Reese, who joined the Eagles in 1976, is the play-by-play announcer, and former Eagles wide receiver Mike Quick, who replaced the offense lineman Stan Walters beginning in 1998, is the color analyst. The post game show, which has consisted of many Philadelphia sports personalities, as of the 2014 season is hosted by Kevin Riley, a former Eagles linebacker and special-teamer, and Rob Ellis. Riley was the former post-game host for the show on 94 WYSP before the WIP change over; Rob Ellis hosts a weekly show nightly from 6–10 on 94.1 WIP-FM. No announcement was made prior to the start of preseason regarding who would be the host(s) for 2015.

text: In 2015, the preseason games are being televised on WCAU, the local NBC owned and operated station. Television announcers for these preseason games were not announced prior to the start of preseason. During the regular season, the games can be aired on Fox's O&O affiliate WTXF-TV. When hosting an AFC team, those games can be seen on CBS-owned KYW-TV.

text: Media and cultural reference[edit]

text: In the book MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors, the character Captain Oliver Wendell "Spearchucker" Jones fictionally played for the Philadelphia Eagles, though in the movie this was changed to San Francisco.

text: The 1976 draw was the subject of the movie Invincible. The movie stars Mark Wahlberg as Vince Papale, a 30-year-old bartender and part-time school teacher, and also a diehard Eagles fan who became an Eagles player. The film differs slightly from true events as the selection process was invitation only, and Papale had at least some previous playing experience.[66] The film Silver Linings Playbook highlights the 2008 Philadelphia Eagles season. The film was critically acclaimed and nominated for several awards including 8 Academy Awards.

text: In the 1978 Academy Award-winning movie The Deer Hunter, the Eagles are referenced when Nick talks to Stan in the bar, saying: "Hey, I got a hundred bucks says the Eagles never cross the fifty in the next half and Oakland wins by 20!" Stan responds; "And I got an extra twenty says the Eagles' quarterback wears a dress!"[67]

text: The award-winning comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia starring Danny DeVito makes several references to the Philadelphia Eagles, most notably Season 3, Episode 2 – "The Gang Gets Invincible".[68]


document_title: Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: who selects the justices on the supreme court

text: Nomination[edit]

text: Article Two of the United States Constitution requires the President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation, requires Justices to be appointed. This was for the division of power between the President and Senate by the founders, who wrote:

tag: p

text: he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court...

text: Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering national figures whose views are well-known, they consider others who are less recognized. They go through published rulings, articles, speeches, and other background material to get an idea of candidates' values and views on constitutional issues. Age, health, race, gender, and likelihood of confirmation are also factored into considerations. Once a Supreme Court vacancy opens, the President discusses the candidates with advisors. Senators also call the President with suggestions. After a first choice is decided, the candidate is contacted and called on by the President to serve on the highest court. Staffers send a vetting form for the candidate to fill out. They visit the candidate to go over tax records and payments to domestic help. Candidates whom the President has never met are interviewed by White House officials before being sent to the White House to be interviewed in person by the President. After making a final decision, the President calls the candidate, who is told to prepare a statement for an appearance in front of the national press for the President's formal announcement.

text: Most Presidents nominate individuals who broadly share their ideological views.[1] In many cases, however, a Justice's decisions may be contrary to what the nominating President anticipated. A famous instance was Chief Justice Earl Warren; President Dwight D. Eisenhower expected him to be a conservative judge, but his decisions are arguably among the most liberal in the Court's history. Eisenhower later called the appointment "the biggest damn fool mistake I ever made".[2] Another Justice whose decisions ran contrary to what was believed to be his ideology was David Souter, who was nominated to the high court in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush. Many pundits and politicians at the time expected Souter to be a conservative; however, after becoming a Justice, his opinions generally fell on the liberal side of the political spectrum.

text: Because the Constitution does not set any qualifications for service as a Justice, the President may nominate any individual to serve on the Court. However, that person must receive the confirmation of the Senate.

text: Confirmation[edit]

text: In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from special-interest groups, many of which lobby senators to confirm or to reject a nominee, depending on whether the nominee's track record aligns with the group's views. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts hearings, questioning nominees to determine their suitability. By convention, nominees avoid revealing too much about their views on potential cases that may come before the Court. At the close of confirmation hearings, the Committee votes on whether the nomination should go to the full Senate with a positive, negative or neutral report.

text: The Committee's practice of personally interviewing nominees is relatively recent, beginning with Harlan Fiske Stone in 1925. Some western senators were concerned with his links to Wall Street and expressed their opposition when Stone was nominated. Stone proposed what was then the novelty of appearing before the Judiciary Committee to answer questions; his testimony helped secure a confirmation vote with very little opposition. The second nominee to appear before the Committee was Felix Frankfurter, who only addressed (at the Committee's request) what he considered to be slanderous allegations against him.[3] The modern practice of the Committee questioning nominees on their judicial views began with the nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in 1955; the nomination came shortly after the Court handed down the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, and several Southern senators attempted to block Harlan's confirmation, hence the decision to testify.[4][5]

text: Once the Committee reports out the nomination, the whole Senate considers it. A simple majority vote is required to confirm or to reject a nominee. Prior to 2017, a successful filibuster threat could add the requirement of a supermajority of 60 needed in favor of cloture, which would allow debate to end and force a final vote on confirmation. Rejections are relatively uncommon; the Senate has explicitly rejected twelve Supreme Court nominees in its history. The most recent rejection of a nominee by vote of the full Senate came in 1987, when the Senate refused to confirm Robert Bork.

text: Not everyone nominated by the President has received a floor vote in the Senate. Prior to 2017 a nominee could be filibustered once debate on the nomination had begun in the full Senate. A filibuster indefinitely prolongs the debate, preventing a final vote on the nominee. President Lyndon Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's ethics. President Donald Trump's nomination of Neil Gorsuch to the seat vacated by Antonin Scalia was the second. Unlike the Fortas filibuster, however, only Democratic Senators voted against cloture on the Gorsuch nomination, citing his perceived conservative judicial philosophy, and the Republican majority's prior refusal to take up Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy.[6][7][8] This led the Republican majority to change the rules and eliminate the filibuster for Supreme Court nominations.[9]

text: Not every Supreme Court nominee has received a floor vote in the Senate. A president may withdraw a nomination before an actual confirmation vote occurs, typically because it is clear that the Senate will reject the nominee; this occurred most recently with the nomination of Harriet Miers in 2006 before Committee hearings had begun, citing concerns about Senate requests during her confirmation process for access to internal Executive Branch documents resulting from her position as White House Counsel. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan withdrew the nomination of Douglas H. Ginsburg because of news reports containing marijuana use allegations.

text: The Senate may also fail to act on the nomination, which expires at the end of the session. For example, President Dwight Eisenhower's first nomination of John Marshall Harlan II in November 1954 was not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, the Senate failed to act on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland in March 2016 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Antonin Scalia; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch.[10]

text: Before 1981 the approval process of Justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, Justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however, the process has taken much longer. According to the Congressional Research Service, the average number of days from nomination to final Senate vote since 1975 is 67 days (2.2 months), while the median is 71 days (or 2.3 months).[11][12] Some believe this is because Congress sees Justices as playing a more political role than in the past.[13] The perceived politicization of the process has drawn criticism. For example, columnist George F. Will termed the defeat of Robert Bork's nomination "unjust" and, more generally, that the nomination process does "not delve deeply into the nominee's jurisprudential thinking."[14] Supreme Court nominations have caused media speculation about whether the judge leans to the left, middle, or right.[15] One indication of the politicized selection process is how much time each nominee spends being questioned under the glare of media coverage; before 1925, nominees were never questioned;[16] after 1955, every nominee has been required to appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee and answer questions; and the hours spent being grilled have lengthened from single digits (before 1980) to double digits today.[17] Another example of the politicization of the process was the Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination, which remained before the Senate far longer than any other nominee.

text: Following is a table of the approximate number of hours that media sources estimate were spent on the questioning of Supreme Court nominees since 1925:

text:
Year
Nominee
# Hours

1925
Harlan Fiske Stone
7000500000000000000♠5

1938
Felix Frankfurter
–

1955
John Marshall Harlan II
–

1957
William J. Brennan, Jr.
7000300000000000000♠3

1967
Thurgood Marshall
7000700000000000000♠7

1971
William H. Rehnquist
7000700000000000000♠7

1975
John Paul Stevens
7000600000000000000♠6

1981
Sandra Day O'Connor
7001120000000000000♠12

1987
Robert Bork (not confirmed)
7001300000000000000♠30

1987
Anthony Kennedy
7001110000000000000♠11

1990
David H. Souter
7001200000000000000♠20

1991
Clarence Thomas
7001250000000000000♠25

1993
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
7001200000000000000♠20

1994
Stephen G. Breyer
7001200000000000000♠20

2005
John G. Roberts, Jr.
7001200000000000000♠20

2016
Merrick Garland (not confirmed)
5000000000000000000♠0

2017
Neil Gorsuch
7001200000000000000♠20

Sources: The New York Times (2005, 2009), MSNBC (2005)[3][4][17]

text: Once the Senate confirms the nomination by an affirmative vote, the Secretary of the Senate attests to a resolution of confirmation and transmits it to the White House.[18] The President then prepares and signs a commission, and causes the Seal of the United States Department of Justice to be affixed to the document before the new Justice can take office.[19] The date of commission determines a Justice's seniority.[20] A ceremony is held in which the Justice must take the Constitutional Oath, which is used for every federal and state officeholder below the President, and the Judicial Oath used for federal judges before entering into the execution of their office.

text: Recess appointments[edit]

text: Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution provides that:

text: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

text: Thus, when the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment to any office requiring Senate approval, including filling vacancies on the Supreme Court, without the Senate's advice and consent. Such a recess appointee to the Supreme Court holds office only until the end of the next Senate session (always less than two years). To continue to serve thereafter and be compensated for his or her service, the nominee must be formally nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Of the ten Justices who have received recess appointments - two Chief Justices and eight Associate Justices - only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed for a regular appointment. No president since Dwight Eisenhower (who made three such appointments) has made a recess appointment to the Supreme Court and the practice has become highly controversial even when applied to lower federal courts. During the 110th Congress, the Democratic leadership of the Senate specifically blocked Republican President George W. Bush from making any recess appointments with the use of pro forma sessions.

text: In 1960 the Senate passed a resolution stating that it was the sense of the Senate that recess appointments to the Supreme Court should not be made except under unusual circumstances.[21] Being a resolution, it has no legally binding effect, but was intended as an expression of the position of the Senate and as a guide to executive actions. The resolution passed by a vote of 48 to 37, mainly along party lines.[21] [22]

text: Following is a list of recess appointments that have been made to the Supreme Court:[23]

text:
Justice
Appointed by
Date of
Appointment
Date of
Nomination
Date of
Senate action
Senate
action

Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson
Washington
000000001791-08-05-0000August 5, 1791
000000001791-10-31-0000October 31, 1791
000000001791-11-07-0000November 7, 1791
Confirmed

Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge
(as Chief Justice)
Washington
000000001795-07-01-0000July 1, 1795
000000001795-12-10-0000December 10, 1795
000000001795-12-15-0000December 15, 1795
Rejected

Washington, BushrodBushrod Washington
J. Adams
000000001798-09-29-0000September 29, 1798
000000001798-12-19-0000December 19, 1798
000000001798-12-20-0000December 20, 1798
Confirmed

Livingston, Henry BrockholstHenry Brockholst Livingston
Jefferson
000000001806-11-10-0000November 10, 1806
000000001806-12-15-0000December 15, 1806
000000001806-12-17-0000December 17, 1806
Confirmed

Thompson, SmithSmith Thompson
Monroe
000000001823-09-01-0000September 1, 1823
000000001823-12-05-0000December 5, 1823
000000001823-12-09-0000December 9, 1823
Confirmed

McKinley, JohnJohn McKinley
Van Buren
000000001837-04-22-0000April 22, 1837
000000001837-09-18-0000September 18, 1837
000000001837-09-25-0000September 25, 1837
Confirmed

Woodbury, LeviLevi Woodbury
Polk
000000001845-09-20-0000September 20, 1845
000000001845-12-23-0000December 23, 1845
000000001846-01-03-0000January 3, 1846
Confirmed

Curtis, Benjamin RobbinsBenjamin Robbins Curtis
Fillmore
000000001851-09-22-0000September 22, 1851
000000001851-12-11-0000December 11, 1851
000000001851-12-20-0000December 20, 1851
Confirmed

Davis, DavidDavid Davis
Lincoln
000000001862-10-17-0000October 17, 1862
000000001862-12-01-0000December 1, 1862
000000001862-12-08-0000December 8, 1862
Confirmed

Warren, EarlEarl Warren
(as Chief Justice)
Eisenhower
000000001953-10-02-0000October 2, 1953
000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954
000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954
Confirmed

Brennan, Jr., William J.William J. Brennan, Jr.
Eisenhower
000000001956-10-15-0000October 15, 1956
000000001957-01-14-0000January 14, 1957
000000001957-03-19-0000March 19, 1957
Confirmed

Stewart, PotterPotter Stewart
Eisenhower
000000001958-10-14-0000October 14, 1958
000000001959-01-17-0000January 17, 1959
000000001959-12-05-0000December 5, 1959
Confirmed

text: Tenure and vacancies[edit]

text: The ability of a president to appoint new justices depends on the occurrence of a vacancy on the Court. The Constitution provides that justices "shall hold their offices during good behavior" (unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term "good behavior" is well understood to mean Justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, although they can voluntarily resign or retire. A Justice can also be removed by Congressional impeachment and conviction. However, only one Justice has been impeached by the House (Samuel Chase, in 1805) and he was acquitted in the Senate. Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, once in 1953 and again in 1970), but they have not reached a vote in the House. No mechanism presently exists for removing a Justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, both unable to resign and unable to resume service.[24]

text: Because Justices have indefinite tenure, it is impossible to know when a vacancy will next occur. Sometimes vacancies arise in quick succession, as in the early 1970s when Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. and William H. Rehnquist were nominated to replace Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II, who retired within a week of each other. Sometimes a great length of time passes between nominations such as the eleven years between Stephen Breyer's nomination in 1994 and the departures of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (by death and retirement, respectively) in 2005 and 2006.

text: It is also theoretically possible for Congress to create additional vacancies by expanding the Court itself. The United States Constitution does not specify the size of the Supreme Court, but in Article III it authorizes the Congress to fix the number of justices. The Judiciary Act of 1789 called for the appointment of six justices. As the country grew geographically, Congress increased the number of justices to correspond with the growing number of judicial circuits. In 1807, the court was expanded to seven members, allowing Thomas Jefferson to appoint Thomas Todd as a new Justice. The expansion to nine members in 1837 allowed Andrew Jackson to appoint John Catron, and Martin Van Buren to appoint John McKinley; and the addition of a tenth seat in 1863 allowed Abraham Lincoln to name Stephen Johnson Field to the Court. However, at the request of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Congress passed the Judicial Circuits Act (1866) which provided that the next three justices to retire would not be replaced; thus, the size of the Court should have eventually reached seven by attrition. Consequently, one seat was removed in 1866 and a second in 1867. However, this law did not play out to completion, for in the Judiciary Act of 1869,[25] also known as the Circuit Judges Act, the number of justices was again set at nine, where it has since remained. The new seat created in 1869 was filled the following year by Ulysses S. Grant's appointment of Joseph P. Bradley - the last justice to be appointed to a newly created seat on the Court.

text: President Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to expand the Court in 1937, seeking to appoint an additional justice for each incumbent justice who reached the age of 70 years 6 months and refused retirement; under Roosevelt's proposal, such appointments would continue until the Court reached a maximum size of 15 justices. Ostensibly, the proposal was made to ease the burdens of the docket on the elderly judges, but the President's actual purpose was to pack the Court with justices who would support New Deal policies and legislation.[26] This plan, usually called the "Court-packing Plan", failed in Congress and proved a political disaster for Roosevelt.[27] The balance of the Court shifted with the retirement of Willis Van Devanter and the confirmation of Hugo Black in August 1937. By the end of 1941, Roosevelt had appointed seven Supreme Court justices and elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice.[28]

text: Despite the variability, nearly all Presidents so far have been able to appoint at least one Justice. The four exceptions are William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Taylor likewise died early in his presidential term, although his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Johnson was denied the opportunity to appoint a Justice by a contraction in the size of the Supreme Court, which Congress may dictate. Jimmy Carter is the only President who completed at least one full term in office without making a nomination to the Court during his presidency.


document_title: Mamma Mia! (film)

question_text: where were sophie's friends in mamma mia

question_tokens: where were sophie 's friends in mamma mia

text: Mamma Mia! (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: On the Greek island of Kalokairi, 20-year-old bride-to-be Sophie Sheridan reveals to her bridesmaids, Ali and Lisa, that she has secretly invited three men to her wedding without telling her mother, Donna. They are the men that her mother's diary reveals could have been her father: Irish-American architect Sam Carmichael, Swedish adventurer and writer Bill Anderson, and British banker Harry Bright. She dreams of being given away by her father at her wedding, and believes that after she spends time with them she will know which is her father.

text: Sophie's mother Donna, who owns a villa and runs it not very successfully as a hotel, is ecstatic to reunite with her former Dynamos bandmates, wisecracking author Rosie Mulligan and wealthy multiple divorcée Tanya Chesham-Leigh, and reveals her bafflement at her daughter's desire to get married. Donna shows off the villa to Rosie and Tanya. The three men arrive and Sophie smuggles them to their room. She doesn't reveal that she believes one of them is her father, but does explain that she and not her mother sent the invitations. She begs them to hide so Donna will be surprised by the old friends of whom she "so often" favorably speaks. They overhear Donna working and swear not to reveal Sophie's secret.

text: Donna spies them and is dumbfounded to find herself facing former lovers, demanding they leave. She confides in Tanya and Rosie that she truly does not know which of the three fathered Sophie. Tanya and Rosie rally her spirits by getting her to dance with an all female ensemble of staff and islanders. Sophie finds the men aboard Bill's yacht, and they sail around Kalokairi, telling stories of Donna's carefree youth. Sophie plans to tell her fiancé Sky about her ploy, but loses her nerve. Sky and Sophie sing to each other, but Sky is abducted for his bachelor party.

text: At Sophie's bachelorette party, Donna, Tanya, and Rosie perform. When Sam, Bill, and Harry arrive, Sophie decides to talk with each of them alone. While her girlfriends dance with the men, Sophie learns from Bill that Donna received the money for her villa from his great-aunt Sofia. Sophie guesses she must be Sofia's namesake. She asks him to give her away and keep their secret until the wedding. Sophie's happiness is short-lived as Sam and Harry each pull her aside to tell her they are her father and will give her away. Sophie, overwhelmed by the consequences of raising the hopes of all three "fathers", faints.

text: In the morning, Rosie and Tanya assure Donna they will take care of the men. Bill and Harry intend to tell each other what they learned the previous night, but Rosie interrupts them. Donna confronts Sophie, believing Sophie wants the wedding stopped. Sophie says that all she wants is to avoid her mother's mistakes. Sam accosts Donna, concerned about Sophie getting married so young. Donna confronts him and they realize they still have feelings for each other. Tanya and young Pepper continue flirtations from the previous night. Sophie confesses to Sky and asks for his help. He reacts angrily to Sophie's deception and she turns to her mother for support. As Donna helps her daughter dress for the wedding, their rift is healed and Donna reminisces about Sophie's childhood. Donna admits her mother disowned her when she became pregnant. Sophie asks Donna to give her away. As the bridal party walks to the chapel, Sam intercepts Donna, who reveals the pain she felt over losing him.

text: Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men do not want paternity confirmed, each agreeing to be one-third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan, Sophie's mother, owner of the hotel Villa Donna.
Amanda Seyfried  as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's 20-year-old daughter, Sky's fiancée.
Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's possible father and an architect.
Colin Firth as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker.
Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Andersson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer.
Dominic Cooper as Sky, Sophie's fiancé who is designing a website for the hotel.
Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, one of Donna's former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; an unmarried fun-loving author.
Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, Donna's other former bandmate; a rich three-time divorcee.
Philip Michael as Pepper, Sky's best man who likes Tanya; a bartender
Juan Pablo Di Pace as Petros
Ashley Lilley as Ali, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Rachel McDowall as Lisa, close friend of Sophie and her bridesmaid.
Enzo Squillino as Gregoris, one of Donna's employees.
Niall Buggy as Father Alex, the wedding priest.
Chris Jarvis as Eddie, a friend of Sky and Pepper.

tag: ul

text:
Benny Andersson as "Dancing Queen" piano player
Björn Ulvaeus as Greek god
Rita Wilson as Greek goddess

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: A soundtrack album was released on July 7, 2008 by Decca and Polydor in the United States and internationally, respectively. The recording was produced by Benny Andersson. The album features sixteen musical numbers within the film, including a hidden track. The album was nominated at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. The deluxe edition of the soundtrack album was released on November 25, 2008.

text:
"I Have a Dream" – Sophie
"Honey, Honey" – Sophie, Ali and Lisa
"Money, Money, Money" – Donna, Tanya and Rosie
"Mamma Mia" – Donna
"Chiquitita" – Rosie, Tanya and Donna†
"Dancing Queen" – Tanya, Rosie and Donna
"Our Last Summer" – Harry, Bill, Sam, Sophie and Donna
"Lay All Your Love on Me" – Sky and Sophie
"Super Trouper" – Donna, Tanya and Rosie
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" – Sophie, Ali and Lisa
"Voulez-Vous" – Donna, Sam, Tanya, Rosie, Harry, Bill, Sky, Ali, Lisa and Pepper
"The Name of the Game" – Sophie‡
"SOS" – Sam and Donna
"Does Your Mother Know" – Tanya and Pepper
"Slipping Through My Fingers" – Donna and Sophie
"The Winner Takes It All" – Donna
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" – Sam and Donna†
"When All Is Said and Done"  – Sam and Donna
"Take a Chance on Me" – Rosie, Bill, Tanya, Pepper and Harry
"Waterloo" – Donna, Rosie, Tanya, Sam, Bill, Harry, Sky and Sophie†
"Thank You for the Music" – Sophie§

tag: ol

text:
† Featured in the film, but omitted from the soundtrack album.
‡ Included in the soundtrack album, but omitted from the film.
§ Included on the soundtrack album as a hidden track.

text: Production[edit]

text: Most of the outdoor scenes were filmed on location at the small Greek island of Skopelos (during August/September 2007),[3] and the seaside hamlet of Damouchari in the Pelion area of Greece. On Skopelos, Kastani beach on the south west coast was the film's main location site.[3] The producers built a beach bar and jetty along the beach, but removed both set pieces after production wrapped.[3] A complete set for Donna's Greek villa was built at the 007 stage at Pinewood Studios and most of the film was shot there. Real trees were utilised for the set, watered daily through an automated watering system and given access to daylight in order to keep them growing.

text: The part of the film where Brosnan's character, Sam, leaves his New York office to go to the Greek Island was actually filmed at the Lloyd's Building on Lime Street in the City of London. He dashes down the escalators and through the porte-cochere, where yellow cabs and actors representing New York mounted police were used for authenticity.[4]

text: The Fernando, Bill Anderson's yacht (actually a ketch) in the film was the Tai-Mo-Shan built in 1934 by H. S. Rouse at the Hong Kong and Whampoa dockyards.[5][6]

text: Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion.[7] She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9/11.[8]

text: Release[edit]

text: Though the world premiere of the film occurred elsewhere, most of the media attention was focused on the Swedish premiere, where Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha Fältskog joined Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson with the cast at the Rival Theatre in Mariatorget, Stockholm, owned by Andersson, on July 4, 2008. It was the first time all four members of ABBA had been photographed together since 1986.[9]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In November 2008, Mamma Mia! became the fastest-selling DVD of all time in the UK, according to Official UK Charts Company figures. It sold 1,669,084 copies on its first day of release, breaking the previous record (held by Titanic) by 560,000 copies. By the end of 2008, the Official UK Charts Company declared that it had become the biggest selling DVD ever in the UK, with one in every four households owning a copy (over 5 million copies sold).[10] The record was previously held by Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl with sales of 4.7 million copies.

text: In the United States, the DVD made over $30 million on its first day of release.[11] By December 31, 2008, Mamma Mia! became the best-selling DVD of all time in Sweden with 545,000 copies sold.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! grossed $144.1 million in the United States and $471.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $615.7 million, against a production budget of $52 million.[2] It became the highest grossing live-action musical of all time, until it was surpassed by Bill Condon's Beauty and the Beast in 2017. It was also the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, until it was surpassed by Patty Jenkins' Wonder Woman in 2017.[13]  It is the third highest-grossing film of 2008 internationally (i.e., outside North America) with an international total of $458.4 million and the thirteenth highest gross of 2008 in North America (the US and Canada) with $144.1 million.

text: In the United Kingdom, Mamma Mia! has grossed £69.2 million as of January 23, 2009, and is the ninth highest-grossing film of all time at the UK box office.[14] The film opened at #1 in the U.K, taking £6.6 million on 496 screens. It managed to hold onto the top spot for 2 weeks, narrowly keeping Pixar's WALL-E from reaching #1 in its second week.[citation needed]

text: When released on July 3 in Greece, the film grossed $1.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #1 at the Greek box office.[15]

text: The film made $9.6 million in its opening day in the United States and Canada, and $27.6 million in its opening weekend, ranking #2 at the box office, behind The Dark Knight.[16] At the time, it made Mamma Mia! the record-holder for the highest grossing opening weekend for a movie based on a Broadway musical, surpassing Hairspray's box office record in 2007 and later surpassed by Into the Woods.[17]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 54% based on 179 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "This jukebox musical is full of fluffy fun but rough singing voices and a campy tone might not make you feel like 'You Can Dance' the whole 90 minutes."[18] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[citation needed]

text: BBC Radio 5 Live's film critic Mark Kermode admitted to enjoying the film, despite describing the experience as 'the closest you get to see A-List actors doing drunken karaoke'.[20] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian was more negative, giving it one star, and expressed a "need to vomit".[21] Bob Chipman of Escape to the Movies said it was "so base, so shallow and so hinged on meaningless spectacle, it's amazing it wasn't made for men".[22] The Daily Telegraph stated that it was enjoyable but poorly put together: "Finding the film a total shambles was sort of a shame, but I have a sneaking suspicion I'll go to see it again anyway."[23][dead link] Angie Errigo of Empire said it was "cute, clean, camp fun, full of sunshine and toe tappers."[24]

text: The casting of actors not known for their singing abilities led to some mixed reviews. Variety stated that "some stars, especially the bouncy and rejuvenated Streep, seem better suited for musical comedy than others, including Brosnan and Skarsgård."[25] Brosnan, especially, was savaged by many critics: his singing was compared to "a water buffalo" (New York Magazine),[26] "a donkey braying" (The Philadelphia Inquirer)[27] and "a wounded raccoon" (The Miami Herald),[28] and Matt Brunson of Creative Loafing Charlotte said he "looks physically pained choking out the lyrics, as if he's being subjected to a prostate exam just outside of the camera's eye."[29]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

ACE Eddie Awards

February 15, 2009

Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical

Lesley Walker

Nominated

[30]

British Academy Film Awards

February 8, 2009

Outstanding British Film

Mamma Mia!

Nominated

[31]

Best Film Music

Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus

Nominated

Carl Foreman Award for Special Achievement by a British Director, Writer or Producer for their First Feature Film

Judy Craymer

Nominated

Costume Designers Guild Awards

February 17, 2009

 Excellence in Contemporary Film

Ann Roth

Nominated

[32]

Empire Awards

March 29, 2009

Best Soundtrack

Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus

Won

[33]

Golden Globe Awards

January 11, 2009

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Mamma Mia!

Nominated

[34]

Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical

Meryl Streep

Nominated

Golden Raspberry Awards

February 21, 2009

Worst Supporting Actor

Pierce Brosnan

Won

[35]

Golden Reel Awards

February 21, 2009

Best Sound Editing – Music in a Musical Feature Film

Tony Lewis, Martin Lowe, Robert Houston

Won

[36]

Grammy Awards

February 8, 2009

Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media

Various Artists

Nominated

[37]

Irish Film and Television Awards

February 14, 2009

Best International Actress

Meryl Streep

Won

[38]

MTV Movie Awards

May 31, 2009

Best Breakthrough Female Performance

Amanda Seyfried

Nominated

[39]

National Movie Awards

September 8, 2008

Best Musical[40]

Mamma Mia!

Won

[40]

Best Female Performance

Meryl Streep

Won

Best Male Performance

Pierce Brosnan

Nominated

Colin Firth

Nominated

People's Choice Awards

January 7, 2009

Favorite Movie Comedy

Mamma Mia!

Nominated

[41]

Favorite Cast

Mamma Mia!

Nominated

Favorite Song from a Soundtrack

"Mamma Mia"

Won

Rembrandt Awards

March 9, 2009

Best Female Actress

Meryl Streep

Won

[42]

Best International Actress

Won

Best International Film

Phyllida Lloyd

Won

Satellite Awards

December 14, 2008

Best Actress in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical

Meryl Streep

Nominated

[43]

text: Sequel[edit]

text:
Because of the film's financial success, Hollywood studio chief David Linde, the co-chairman of Universal Studios, said that it would take a while, but there would be a sequel. He stated that he would be delighted if Judy Craymer, Catherine Johnson, Phyllida Lloyd, Benny Andersson, and Björn Ulvaeus agreed to the project, noting that there were still plenty of ABBA songs to use.[44]
Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again was announced on May 19, 2017, with a planned release date of July 20, 2018.[45] It was written and directed by Ol Parker.[46] It was announced that Seyfried,[47] Cooper, Streep, Firth and Brosnan would be returning.[48] In July 2017, Lily James was confirmed to portray young Donna.[49]