document_title: List of Walt Disney Pictures films

question_text: what was the first walt disney studios film to be released in 2017

text: List of Walt Disney Pictures films

text: Feature films by decade

text:
Key to the colors used below

Type of film

A
Animated feature films (List)

H
Hybrid films with live action and animation

L
Live-action films

N
True-Life Adventures / Disneynature documentary films

D
Other documentary films

text:
Title
US Release
Notes

A
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
December 21, 1937

A
Pinocchio
February 7, 1940

H
Fantasia
November 13, 1940
Anthology film

H
The Reluctant Dragon
June 20, 1941
Fictional tour around Disney studio

A
Dumbo
October 23, 1941

A
Bambi
August 13, 1942

H
Saludos Amigos
February 6, 1943
Anthology film

H
Victory Through Air Power
July 17, 1943
Documentary film, with wide use of animation.

H
The Three Caballeros
February 3, 1945
Anthology film

A
Make Mine Music
April 20, 1946
Anthology film

H
Song of the South
November 12, 1946

H
Fun and Fancy Free
September 27, 1947
Anthology film

H
Melody Time
May 27, 1948
Anthology film

H
So Dear to My Heart
November 29, 1948

A
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
October 5, 1949
Anthology film

text:
Title
US Release
Notes

A
Cinderella
February 15, 1950

L
Treasure Island
July 29, 1950

A
Alice in Wonderland
July 28, 1951

L
The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men
June 26, 1952

A
Peter Pan
February 5, 1953

L
The Sword and the Rose
July 23, 1953

N
The Living Desert
November 10, 1953

L
Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue
February 27, 1954

N
The Vanishing Prairie
August 16, 1954

L
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea
December 23, 1954

L
Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier
May 25, 1955
Compilation film mostly made up from pre-existing footage from the Walt Disney anthology television series

A
Lady and the Tramp
June 22, 1955

N
The African Lion
September 14, 1955

L
The Littlest Outlaw
December 22, 1955

L
The Great Locomotive Chase
June 8, 1956

L
Davy Crockett and the River Pirates
July 18, 1956
Compilation film mostly made up from pre-existing footage from the Walt Disney anthology television series

N
Secrets of Life
November 6, 1956

L
Westward Ho the Wagons!
December 20, 1956

L
Johnny Tremain
June 19, 1957

N
Perri
August 28, 1957

L
Old Yeller
December 25, 1957

L
The Light in the Forest
July 8, 1958

N
White Wilderness
August 12, 1958

L
Tonka
December 25, 1958

A
Sleeping Beauty
January 29, 1959

L
The Shaggy Dog
March 19, 1959

L
Darby O'Gill and the Little People
June 26, 1959

L
Zorro the Avenger
September 10, 1959
Released in European theaters in 1959.

L
Third Man on the Mountain
November 10, 1959

text:
Title
US Release
Notes

L
Toby Tyler
January 21, 1960

L
Kidnapped
February 24, 1960

L
Pollyanna
May 19, 1960

L
The Sign of Zorro
June 11, 1960
Released in European theaters in 1958.

N
Jungle Cat
August 10, 1960

L
Ten Who Dared
November 1, 1960

L
Swiss Family Robinson
December 21, 1960

A
One Hundred and One Dalmatians
January 25, 1961

L
The Absent-Minded Professor
March 16, 1961

L
The Parent Trap
June 21, 1961

L
Nikki, Wild Dog of the North
July 12, 1961

L
Greyfriars Bobby
July 17, 1961

L
Babes in Toyland
December 14, 1961

L
Moon Pilot
April 5, 1962

L
Bon Voyage!
May 17, 1962

L
Big Red
June 6, 1962

L
Almost Angels
September 26, 1962

L
The Legend of Lobo
November 7, 1962

L
In Search of the Castaways
December 21, 1962

L
Son of Flubber
January 16, 1963

L
Miracle of the White Stallions
March 29, 1963

L
Savage Sam
June 1, 1963

L
Summer Magic
July 7, 1963

L
The Incredible Journey
November 20, 1963

A
The Sword in the Stone
December 25, 1963

L
A Tiger Walks
March 12, 1964

L
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones
March 25, 1964

L
The Three Lives of Thomasina
June 4, 1964

L
The Moon-Spinners
July 8, 1964

H
Mary Poppins
August 29, 1964

L
Emil and the Detectives
December 18, 1964

L
Those Calloways
January 28, 1965

L
The Monkey's Uncle
August 18, 1965

L
That Darn Cat!
December 2, 1965

L
The Ugly Dachshund
February 16, 1966

L
Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N.
July 29, 1966

L
The Fighting Prince of Donegal
October 1, 1966

L
Follow Me, Boys!
December 1, 1966

L
Monkeys, Go Home!
February 8, 1967

L
The Adventures of Bullwhip Griffin
March 8, 1967

L
The Gnome-Mobile
July 19, 1967

A
The Jungle Book
October 18, 1967

L
Charlie, the Lonesome Cougar
October 18, 1967

L
The Happiest Millionaire
November 30, 1967
This was the last film with personal involvement from Walt Disney, who died during production.

L
Blackbeard's Ghost
February 8, 1968

L
The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band
March 21, 1968

L
Never a Dull Moment
June 26, 1968

L
The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit
December 20, 1968

L
The Love Bug
December 24, 1968

L
Smith!
March 21, 1969

L
Rascal
June 11, 1969

L
The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes
December 24, 1969

text:
Title
US Release
Notes

L
King of the Grizzlies
February 11, 1970

L
The Boatniks
July 1, 1970

L
The Wild Country
December 15, 1970

A
The Aristocats
December 24, 1970

L
The Barefoot Executive
March 17, 1971

L
Scandalous John
June 22, 1971

L
The Million Dollar Duck
June 30, 1971

H
Bedknobs and Broomsticks
December 13, 1971

L
The Biscuit Eater
March 22, 1972

L
Now You See Him, Now You Don't
July 12, 1972

L
Napoleon and Samantha
July 19, 1972

L
Run, Cougar, Run
October 18, 1972

L
Snowball Express
December 22, 1972

L
The World's Greatest Athlete
February 14, 1973

L
Charley and the Angel
March 23, 1973

L
One Little Indian
June 20, 1973

A
Robin Hood
November 8, 1973

L
Superdad
December 14, 1973

L
Herbie Rides Again
June 6, 1974

L
The Bears and I
July 31, 1974

L
The Castaway Cowboy
August 1, 1974

L
The Island at the Top of the World
December 20, 1974

L
The Strongest Man in the World
February 6, 1975

L
Escape to Witch Mountain
March 21, 1975

L
The Apple Dumpling Gang
July 1, 1975

L
One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing
July 9, 1975

N
The Best of Walt Disney's True-Life Adventures
October 8, 1975

L
Ride a Wild Pony
December 25, 1975

L
No Deposit, No Return
February 5, 1976

L
Treasure of Matecumbe
July 1, 1976

L
Gus
July 7, 1976

L
The Shaggy D.A.
December 17, 1976

L
Freaky Friday
December 17, 1976

L
Escape from the Dark
March 11, 1977

A
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
March 11, 1977
Anthology film

L
A Tale of Two Critters
June 22, 1977

A
The Rescuers
June 22, 1977

L
Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo
June 24, 1977

H
Pete's Dragon
November 3, 1977

L
Candleshoe
December 16, 1977

L
Return from Witch Mountain
March 10, 1978

L
The Cat from Outer Space
June 9, 1978

L
Hot Lead and Cold Feet
July 5, 1978

L
The North Avenue Irregulars
February 9, 1979

L
The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again
June 27, 1979

L
Unidentified Flying Oddball
July 26, 1979

L
The Black Hole
December 21, 1979

L
The London Connection
December 21, 1979

text:
Title
US Release
Co-production partner(s)

L
Midnight Madness
February 8, 1980

L
The Watcher in the Woods
April 17, 1980

L
Herbie Goes Bananas
June 25, 1980

L
The Last Flight of Noah's Ark
June 25, 1980

L
Popeye
December 12, 1980
Paramount Pictures

L
The Devil and Max Devlin
March 6, 1981

L
Amy
March 20, 1981

L
Dragonslayer
June 26, 1981
Paramount Pictures

A
The Fox and the Hound
July 10, 1981
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
Condorman
August 7, 1981

L
Night Crossing
February 5, 1982

L
Tron
July 9, 1982
Lisberger/Kushner Productions

L
Tex
July 30, 1982

L
Trenchcoat
March 11, 1983

L
Something Wicked This Way Comes
April 29, 1983
Bryna Productions

L
Never Cry Wolf
October 7, 1983
Amarok Productions Ltd.

L
Return to Oz
June 21, 1985
Silver Screen Partners II

A
The Black Cauldron
July 24, 1985
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners II

L
The Journey of Natty Gann
September 27, 1985
Silver Screen Partners II

L
One Magic Christmas
November 22, 1985
Silver Screen Partners II and Telefilm Canada

A
The Great Mouse Detective
July 2, 1986
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners II

L
Flight of the Navigator
July 30, 1986
Producers Sales Organization and New Star Entertainment

L
Benji the Hunted
June 17, 1987
Silver Screen Partners III and Mulberry Square Productions

L
The Man from Snowy River II:
Return to Snowy River
April 15, 1988
Silver Screen Partners III, Burrowes Film Group and Hoyts Film Partnership

A
Oliver & Company
November 18, 1988
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners III

L
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids
June 23, 1989
Silver Screen Partners III

L
Cheetah
August 18, 1989
Silver Screen Partners III

A
The Little Mermaid
November 17, 1989
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV

text:
Title
US Release
Co-production partner(s)

A
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp
August 3, 1990
DisneyToon Studios

A
The Rescuers Down Under
November 16, 1990
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV

L
White Fang
January 18, 1991
Silver Screen Partners IV and Hybrid Productions Inc.

L
Shipwrecked
March 1, 1991
AB Svensk Filmindustri

L
Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken
May 24, 1991
Silver Screen Partners IV and Pegasus Entertainment

L
The Rocketeer TR
June 21, 1991
Touchstone Pictures, Silver Screen Partners IV and The Gordon Company, only USA and Canada distribution.

A
Beauty and the Beast
November 22, 1991
Walt Disney Feature Animation and Silver Screen Partners IV

L
Newsies
April 10, 1992
Touchwood Pacific Partners

L
Honey, I Blew Up the Kid
July 17, 1992
Touchwood Pacific Partners

L
The Mighty Ducks
October 2, 1992
Touchwood Pacific Partners and Avnet–Kerner Productions

A
Aladdin
November 25, 1992
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Muppet Christmas Carol
December 11, 1992
Jim Henson Productions

L
Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey
February 3, 1993
Touchwood Pacific Partners

L
A Far Off Place
March 12, 1993
Touchwood Pacific Partners and Amblin Entertainment

L
The Adventures of Huck Finn
April 2, 1993

L
Hocus Pocus
July 16, 1993

L
Cool Runnings
October 1, 1993

L
The Three Musketeers
November 12, 1993
Caravan Pictures and Avnet-Kerner Productions

L
Iron Will
January 14, 1994

L
Blank Check
February 11, 1994

L
D2: The Mighty Ducks
March 25, 1994
Avnet–Kerner Productions

L
White Fang 2: Myth of the White Wolf
April 15, 1994

A
The Lion King
June 24, 1994
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
Angels in the Outfield
July 15, 1994
Caravan Pictures

L
Squanto: A Warrior's Tale
October 28, 1994

L
The Santa Clause TSC
November 11, 1994
Hollywood Pictures and Outlaw Productions

L
The Jungle Book
December 25, 1994

L
Heavyweights
February 17, 1995
Caravan Pictures

L
Man of the House
March 3, 1995
All Girl Productions and Orr & Cruickshank Productions

L
Tall Tale
March 24, 1995
Caravan Pictures

A
A Goofy Movie
April 7, 1995
DisneyToon Studios

A
Pocahontas
June 23, 1995
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
Operation Dumbo Drop
July 28, 1995
Interscope Communications and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

L
A Kid in King Arthur's Court
August 11, 1995
Trimark Pictures and Tapestry Films

L
The Big Green
September 29, 1995
Caravan Pictures

D
Frank and Ollie
October 20, 1995

A
Toy Story
November 22, 1995
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Tom and Huck
December 22, 1995

L
Muppet Treasure Island
February 16, 1996
Jim Henson Productions

L
Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco
March 8, 1996

H
James and the Giant Peach
April 12, 1996
Skellington Productions and Allied Filmmakers

A
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
June 21, 1996
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
First Kid
August 30, 1996
Caravan Pictures

L
D3: The Mighty Ducks
October 4, 1996
Avnet–Kerner Productions

L
101 Dalmatians
November 27, 1996
Great Oaks

L
That Darn Cat
February 14, 1997
Robert Simonds Productions

L
Jungle 2 Jungle
March 7, 1997
TF1J2J

A
Hercules
June 27, 1997
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
George of the Jungle
July 16, 1997
Mandeville Films and Avnet-Kerner Productions

L
Air Bud
August 1, 1997
Keystone EntertainmentAB

L
RocketMan
October 10, 1997
Caravan Pictures and Roger Birnbaum Productions

L
Flubber
November 26, 1997
Great Oaks

L
Mr. Magoo
December 25, 1997
UPA Productions

L
Meet the Deedles
March 27, 1998
DIC Entertainment and Peak Productions

A
Mulan
June 19, 1998
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Parent Trap
July 29, 1998

L
Air Bud: Golden Receiver
August 14, 1998
Dimension Films and Keystone EntertainmentAB

L
I'll Be Home for Christmas
November 13, 1998
Mandeville Films

A
A Bug's Life
November 25, 1998
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Mighty Joe Young
December 25, 1998
RKO Pictures and The Jacobson Company

L
My Favorite Martian
February 12, 1999

A
Doug's 1st Movie
March 26, 1999
Walt Disney Television Animation, Jumbo Pictures and A. Film A/S

L
Endurance
May 14, 1999

A
Tarzan
June 18, 1999
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
Inspector Gadget
July 23, 1999
Caravan Pictures, DIC Entertainment, Avnet–Kerner Productions and Roger Birnbaum Productions

L
The Straight Story
October 15, 1999
Asymmetrical Productions, Film4 Productions, Ciby 2000, StudioCanal, Canal+ and Channel Four Films

A
Toy Story 2
November 24, 1999
Pixar Animation Studios

H
Fantasia 2000
December 17, 1999
Walt Disney Feature Animation

text:
Title
US Release
Co-production partner(s)

A
The Tigger Movie
February 11, 2000
DisneyToon Studios and Walt Disney Animation (Japan) Inc.

H
Dinosaur
May 19, 2000
Walt Disney Feature Animation and The Secret Lab

L
Disney's The Kid
July 7, 2000

L
Remember the Titans
September 29, 2000
Jerry Bruckheimer Films and Technical Black Films

L
102 Dalmatians
November 22, 2000

A
The Emperor's New Groove
December 15, 2000
Walt Disney Feature Animation

A
Recess: School's Out
February 16, 2001
Walt Disney Television Animation and Paul & Joe Productions

A
Atlantis: The Lost Empire
June 15, 2001
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Princess Diaries
August 3, 2001
BrownHouse Productions

L
Max Keeble's Big Move
October 5, 2001
Karz Entertainment

A
Monsters, Inc.
November 2, 2001
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Snow Dogs
January 18, 2002
The Kerner Entertainment Company

A
Return to Never Land
February 15, 2002
DisneyToon Studios and A. Film A/S

L
The Rookie
March 29, 2002

A
Lilo & Stitch
June 21, 2002
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Country Bears
July 26, 2002
Gunn Films

L
Tuck Everlasting
October 11, 2002
Scholastic Entertainment

L
The Santa Clause 2
November 1, 2002
Outlaw Productions and Boxing Cat Films

A
Treasure Planet
November 27, 2002
Walt Disney Feature Animation

A
The Jungle Book 2
February 14, 2003
DisneyToon Studios

A
Piglet's Big Movie
March 21, 2003
DisneyToon Studios and Munich Animation

D
Ghosts of the Abyss
April 11, 2003
Walden Media, Earthship Productions, Ascot Elite Entertainment Group, Golden Village, Telepool and UGC PH

L
Holes
April 18, 2003
Walden Media, Phoenix Pictures and Chicago Pacific Entertainment

L
The Lizzie McGuire Movie
May 2, 2003
Stan Rogow Productions

A
Finding Nemo
May 30, 2003
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
July 9, 2003
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

L
Freaky Friday
August 6, 2003
Gunn Films

A
Brother Bear
November 1, 2003
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Haunted Mansion
November 26, 2003
Gunn Films

L
The Young Black Stallion
December 25, 2003
The Kennedy/Marshall Company

A
Teacher's Pet
January 16, 2004
Walt Disney Television Animation

L
Miracle
February 6, 2004

L
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen
February 20, 2004

A
Home on the Range
April 2, 2004
Walt Disney Feature Animation

D
Sacred Planet
April 22, 2004

L
Around the World in 80 Days
June 16, 2004
Walden Media, Spanknyce Films, and Mostow/Lieberman Productions

D
America's Heart and Soul
July 2, 2004
Blacklight Films

L
The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement
August 11, 2004
Shondaland and Martin Chase Productions

A
The Incredibles
November 5, 2004
Pixar Animation Studios

L
National Treasure
November 19, 2004
Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Junction Entertainment and Saturn Films

D
Aliens of the Deep
January 28, 2005
Walden Media and Earthship Productions

A
Pooh's Heffalump Movie
February 11, 2005
DisneyToon Studios

L
The Pacifier
March 4, 2005
Spyglass Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment

L
Ice Princess
March 18, 2005
Bridget Johnson Films & Skate Away Productions

L
Herbie: Fully Loaded
June 22, 2005
Robert Simonds Productions

L
Sky High
July 29, 2005
Gunn Films

A
Valiant
August 19, 2005
Vanguard Animation and Odyssey Entertainment

L
The Greatest Game Ever Played
September 30, 2005
Fairway Films

A
Chicken Little
November 4, 2005
Walt Disney Feature Animation

L
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
December 9, 2005
Walden Media

L
Glory Road
January 13, 2006
Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Texas Western Productions and Glory Road Productions

D
Roving Mars
January 27, 2006
The Kennedy/Marshall Company and White Mountain Films

L
Eight Below
February 17, 2006
Spyglass Entertainment, Mandeville Films and The Kennedy/Marshall Company

L
The Shaggy Dog
March 10, 2006
Mandeville Films, Robert Simonds Productions, and Boxing Cat Films

A
The Wild
April 14, 2006
C.O.R.E. Feature Animation, Hoytyboy Pictures, Sir Zip Productions and Contrafilm

A
Cars
June 9, 2006
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
July 7, 2006
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

L
Invincible
August 25, 2006
Mayhem Pictures

A
The Nightmare Before Christmas 3D TNBC
October 27, 2006
Skellington Productions

L
The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause
November 3, 2006
Outlaw Productions & Boxing Cat Productions

L
Bridge to Terabithia
February 16, 2007
Summit Entertainment and Walden Media

A
Meet the Robinsons
March 30, 2007
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
May 25, 2007
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

A
Ratatouille
June 29, 2007
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Underdog
August 3, 2007
Spyglass Entertainment, Classic Media and Maverick Films

D
The Pixar Story
August 28, 2007
Leslie Iwerks Productions

L
The Game Plan
September 28, 2007

H
Enchanted
November 21, 2007
Right Coast Entertainment and Josephson Entertainment

L
National Treasure: Book of Secrets
December 21, 2007
Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Junction Entertainment and Saturn Films

L
Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert
February 1, 2008
PACE

L
College Road Trip
March 7, 2008
Gunn Films

L
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
May 16, 2008
Walden Media

A
WALL-E
June 27, 2008
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Beverly Hills Chihuahua
October 3, 2008
Mandeville Films

D
Morning Light
October 17, 2008

L
High School Musical 3: Senior Year
October 24, 2008
Borden and Rosenbush Entertainment

A
Roadside Romeo
October 24, 2008
Yash Raj Films, Disney India and Disney World Cinema

A
Bolt
November 21, 2008
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Bedtime Stories
December 25, 2008
Gunn Films, Happy Madison Productions, Offspring Entertainment and Conman & Izzy Productions

L
Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience
February 27, 2009
Jonas Films

L
Race to Witch Mountain
March 13, 2009
Gunn Films

L
Hannah Montana: The Movie
April 10, 2009
It's a Laugh Productions and Millar Gough Ink

N
Earth
April 22, 2009
Disneynature, BBC Natural History Unit, BBC Worldwide, Discovery Channel and Greenlight Media; originally from 2007

L
Trail of the Panda
May 8, 2009
Disney World Cinema and Castle Hero Pictures

A
Up
May 29, 2009
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Lilly the Witch: The Dragon and the Magic Book
June 12, 2009

H
G-Force
July 24, 2009
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

D
Walt & El Grupo
September 9, 2009
Walt Disney Family Foundation Films and Theodore Thomas Productions

L
The Book of Masters
October 29, 2009

A
A Christmas Carol
November 6, 2009
ImageMovers Digital

L
Old Dogs
November 25, 2009
Tapestry Films

A
The Princess and the Frog
December 11, 2009
Walt Disney Animation Studios

text:
Title
US Release
Co-production partner(s)

L
Alice in Wonderland
March 5, 2010
The Zanuck Company, Roth Films and Team Todd

D
Waking Sleeping Beauty
March 26, 2010
Stone Circle Pictures

N
Oceans
April 22, 2010
Disneynature, Participant Media, Pathé, Gatetee Films, Canal+, France 2 Cinema and France 3 Cinema

L
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time
May 28, 2010
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

A
Toy Story 3
June 18, 2010
Pixar Animation Studios

L
The Sorcerer's Apprentice
July 14, 2010
Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Saturn Films and Broken Road Productions

N
The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos
September 7, 2010
Disneynature, Kudos Pictures and Natural Light Films

L
Secretariat
October 8, 2010
Mayhem Pictures

L
Do Dooni Chaar
October 8, 2010
Planman Motion Pictures, Disney India and Disney World Cinema

A
Tangled
November 24, 2010
Walt Disney Animation Studios

D
The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story
November 30, 2010
Crescendo Productions, Red Hour Films and Traveling Light

L
Tron: Legacy
December 17, 2010
Sean Bailey Productions

L
Anaganaga O Dheerudu
January 21, 2011
A Bellyful of Dreams Entertainment, Arka Media Works, Disney India and Disney World Cinema

L
Lilly the Witch: The Journey to Mandolan
February 17, 2011

A
Mars Needs Moms
March 11, 2011
ImageMovers Digital

L
Zokkomon
April 22, 2011
Disney India and Disney World Cinema

N
African Cats
April 22, 2011
Disneynature

L
Prom
April 29, 2011

L
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
May 20, 2011
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

A
Cars 2
June 24, 2011
Pixar Animation Studios

A
Winnie the Pooh
July 15, 2011
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
The Muppets
November 23, 2011
Mandeville Films

L
John Carter
March 9, 2012

N
Chimpanzee
April 20, 2012
Disneynature

A
Arjun: The Warrior Prince
May 25, 2012
Disney India, Disney World Cinema and UTV Motion Pictures

A
Brave
June 22, 2012
Pixar Animation Studios

L
The Odd Life of Timothy Green
August 15, 2012
Monsterfoot Productions and Scott Sanders Productions

A
Frankenweenie
October 5, 2012
Tim Burton Productions

A
Wreck-It Ralph
November 2, 2012
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Oz the Great and Powerful
March 8, 2013
Roth Films and Curtis-Donen Productions

N
Wings of Life
April 16, 2013
Disneynature and Blacklight Films

A
Monsters University
June 21, 2013
Pixar Animation Studios

L
The Lone Ranger
July 3, 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer Films, Blind Wink and Infinitum Nihil

A
Planes
August 9, 2013
DisneyToon Studios

A
Frozen
November 27, 2013
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Saving Mr. Banks
December 13, 2013
BBC Films, Essential Media and Entertainment, Ruby Films and Hopscotch Features

L
Muppets Most Wanted
March 21, 2014
Mandeville Films

N
Bears
April 18, 2014
Disneynature

L
Million Dollar Arm
May 16, 2014
Roth Films and Mayhem Pictures

L
Maleficent
May 30, 2014
Roth Films

A
Planes: Fire & Rescue
July 18, 2014
DisneyToon Studios

L
Khoobsurat
September 19, 2014
UTV Motion Pictures, Disney India and Anil Kapoor Films

L
Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day
October 10, 2014
21 Laps Entertainment and The Jim Henson Company

A
Big Hero 6
November 7, 2014
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Into the Woods
December 25, 2014
Lucamar Productions and Marc Platt Productions

L
McFarland, USA
February 20, 2015
Mayhem Pictures

L
Cinderella
March 13, 2015
Genre Films

N
Monkey Kingdom
April 17, 2015
Disneynature

L
Tomorrowland
May 22, 2015
A113 Productions

A
Inside Out
June 19, 2015
Pixar Animation Studios

L
ABCD 2
June 19, 2015
UTV Motion Pictures and Disney India

A
The Good Dinosaur
November 25, 2015
Pixar Animation Studios

L
The Finest Hours
January 29, 2016
Whitaker Entertainment and Red Hawk Entertainment

A
Zootopia
March 4, 2016
Walt Disney Animation Studios

H
The Jungle Book
April 15, 2016
Fairview Entertainment

L
Alice Through the Looking Glass
May 27, 2016
Roth Films, Team Todd and Tim Burton Productions

A
Finding Dory
June 17, 2016
Pixar Animation Studios

H
The BFG
July 1, 2016
Amblin Entertainment, Reliance Entertainment, Walden Media and The Kennedy/Marshall Company

L
Pete's Dragon
August 12, 2016
Whitaker Entertainment

L
Queen of Katwe
September 23, 2016
ESPN Films, Cine Mosaic and Mirabai Films

A
Moana
November 23, 2016
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Dangal
000000002016-12-21-0000December 21, 2016
Disney India, UTV Motion Pictures and Aamir Khan Productions

L
Beauty and the Beast
000000002017-03-17-0000March 17, 2017
Mandeville Films

N
Born in China
000000002017-04-21-0000April 21, 2017
Disneynature, Shanghai Media Group and Chuan Films

L
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
000000002017-05-26-0000May 26, 2017
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

A
Cars 3
000000002017-06-16-0000June 16, 2017
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Jagga Jasoos
000000002017-07-14-0000July 14, 2017
Disney India, UTV Motion Pictures, Picture Shuru Entertainment and Ishana Movies

A
Coco
000000002017-11-22-0000November 22, 2017
Pixar Animation Studios

text: Future releases

text: Confirmed Release Dates

text:
Title
US Release
Co-production partner(s)

L
A Wrinkle in Time[1]
000000002018-03-09-0000March 9, 2018[2]
Whitaker Entertainment

N
Dolphins[3]
000000002018-04-20-0000April 20, 2018
Disneynature

A
Incredibles 2[4][5]
000000002018-06-15-0000June 15, 2018[6]
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Paved New World[7]
000000002018-06-21-0000June 21, 2018
Diablo Productions

L
Christopher Robin[8][9]
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3, 2018
Roth Films and Team Todd

L
The Nutcracker and the Four Realms[10]
000000002018-11-02-0000November 2, 2018
The Mark Gordon Company

A
Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2[11]
000000002018-11-21-0000November 21, 2018[2]
Walt Disney Animation Studios

H
Mary Poppins Returns[12]
000000002018-12-25-0000December 25, 2018
Lucamar Productions and Marc Platt Productions

L
Dumbo
000000002019-03-29-0000March 29, 2019[13]
Tim Burton Productions

A
Untitled outer space-set Planes film[14]
000000002019-04-12-0000April 12, 2019
DisneyToon Studios

L
Aladdin
000000002019-05-24-0000May 24, 2019[15]
Lin Pictures and Marc Platt Productions

A
Toy Story 4[5][16]
000000002019-06-21-0000June 21, 2019[6]
Pixar Animation Studios

H
The Lion King[17]
000000002019-07-19-0000July 19, 2019[2]
Fairview Entertainment

L
Artemis Fowl[18]
000000002019-08-09-0000August 9, 2019[15]
TriBeCa Productions

L
Noelle[19]
000000002019-11-08-0000November 8, 2019[15]
Exclusive to Disney's Streaming Service[20]

A
Frozen 2[21][22]
000000002019-11-27-0000November 27, 2019
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Peter Pan[23]
2019[24]
Whitaker Entertainment

L
The Rocketeers[25]
2019[26]
Mortal Media

A
Untitled Pixar film[6]
000000002020-03-13-0000March 13, 2020
Pixar Animation Studios

L
Mulan[6][27]
000000002020-03-27-0000March 27, 2020[28]

A
Untitled Pixar film[6]
000000002020-06-19-0000June 19, 2020
Pixar Animation Studios

A
Untitled Disney Animation film[29]
000000002020-11-25-0000November 25, 2020
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Untitled Disney live-action film[30]
000000002021-03-12-0000March 12, 2021

A
Untitled Pixar film[30]
000000002021-06-18-0000June 18, 2021
Pixar Animation Studios

A
Untitled Lin-Manuel Miranda/Byron Howard Disney Animation film[31]
000000002021-11-24-0000November 24, 2021[32]
Walt Disney Animation Studios

L
Pirates of the Caribbean 6[33]
2021
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

text: In Development

text:
Title
Co-production partner(s)

L
Beached[34]

L
The Black Hole[35]
Sean Bailey Productions

L
Bob the Musical[36]
Contrafilm

L
Brooklyn Family Robinson[37]
Carousel Productions and Mandeville Films

L
Captain Nemo[38]

L
Untitled Casey Connor biopic[39]
Mandeville Films

L
Castle Hangnail[40]
A Very Good Production

L
Untitled Charles Darwin project[41]

H
Untitled Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers film[42]
Mandeville Films

L
Untitled Chronicles of Prydain film[43][44]

L
Cruella[45]
Gunn Films and Marc Platt Productions

L
Dashing Through the Snow[46]
Will Packer Productions and Smart Entertainment

L
Untitled Delilah Dirk film[47]
Vertigo Entertainment

H
Disenchanted[48][49]
Right Coast Entertainment and Josephson Entertainment

L
Don Quixote[50]

L
Dr. Q[51]
Plan B Entertainment

L
Electric Boy Genius[52]
Mayhem Pictures

L
Father Figures[53]
Panay Films

L
Untitled Father of the Bride remake
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[54]

L
The Flamingo Kid[55]
RatPac-Dune Entertainment and Lighthouse Productions

L
Floors[56]
The Kerner Entertainment Company

L
Gargoyles[57]
The Donners' Company

L
Genies[58]
Vinson Films

L
Ghostopolis[59]
Gotham Group and Seed Productions

L
Goblins[60]
Callahan Filmworks

L
Grandma's Intergalactic Bed & Breakfast[61]
Mandeville Films

L
The Graveyard Book[62]
Netter Productions and Start Motion Pictures

L
Ground Control to Major Tom[63]
Underground Films and Michael De Luca Productions

L
Happily Ever After[64]
Pacific Standard

L
Happy Birthday[65]

L
The Haunted Mansion[66][67][68][69][70]
DDY Productions

L
Hexum[71]

L
The Hill[72]
Brain Farm Cinema

L
Untitled Honey, I Shrunk the Kids remake
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[73]

L
Hotfuss[74]
Offspring Entertainment

L
Hovercar[75]

L
If You Could See Me Now[76]
Seed Productions and Canyon Creek Films

H
Imagining Nathan[77]
Zucker Productions and Mayhem Pictures

H
In the Land of Imagined Things[78]

L
Inspector Gadget[79]
Lin Pictures

L
It's a Small World[80]
Lin Pictures

L
James and the Giant Peach[81]

L
Jungle Cruise[82]
Davis Entertainment, Flynn Picture Company and Seven Bucks Productions

L
Kiki's Delivery Service[83]
Angry Pictures and The Mark Gordon Company

L
Kyriakides[84]
1821 Pictures[85] and Mayhem Pictures

L
Labyrinth[86]
Whitaker Entertainment

L
Lady and the Tramp
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[87]

L
Light Speed[88]
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

L
The Little Mermaid[89]
Marc Platt Productions

L
Magic Camp[90]
Team Todd and Gunn Films

L
Magic Kingdom[91]
Strike Entertainment

L
Untitled Maleficent sequel[92]
Roth Films

L
The Merlin Saga[93]

L
Miss Marple[94]
Vandalia Films and Collider Entertainment

L
Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride[95]

L
National Treasure 3[96]
Jerry Bruckheimer Films

L
Nick Ratchet[97]

L
Night on Bald Mountain[98]

L
The Night Stalker[99]
Infinitum Nihil

L
Nottingham & Hood[100]
The Picture Company

L
Oliver Twist[101]
Cube Vision and Marc Platt Productions

L
The One and Only Ivan[102]
Alli Shearmur Productions

L
Opposite Day[103]
Scott Sanders Productions

L
Overnight[104][105][106]
Original Film

L
Untitled Oz the Great and Powerful sequel[107]
Roth Films

L
Paladin[108]
Secret Engine

L
The Paper Magician
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[109]

L
Untitled The Parent Trap remake
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[110]

L
Paul Revere[111]
Infinitum Nihil

L
The Pet[112]
Scott Rudin Productions

L
Pet Robots[113]

H
Untitled Phineas and Ferb movie[114][115]
Mandeville Films

L
Pinocchio[116]
Depth of Field and Neal Street Productions[117]

L
Pool Rats[118]
Mayhem Pictures

L
Untitled Prince Charming film[119]
Mandeville Films and Vinson Films

L
Rose Red[120]
Vinson Films

L
The Runner[121]
Imagine Entertainment, Apparatus and Blacklight Transmedia

L
Ruse[122]

L
Salisbury[123]

L
The Second Jungle Book[124]
Fairview Entertainment

L
Sky High 2[125]
Gunn Films

L
Snow White[126]
Marc Platt Productions

L
Something Wicked This Way Comes[127]
KatzSmith Productions

L
Untitled Splash remake[128]
Free Association and Imagine Entertainment

L
Stargirl
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[129]

L
The Stuff of Legend[130]
Mandeville Films

L
The Sword in the Stone[131]

L
Togo
Exclusive to Disney's streaming service[132]

L
Tiki[133]
Monsterfoot Productions and Scott Sanders Productions

L
Time Zones[134]
The Mark Gordon Company and Collider Entertainment

L
Timmy Failure[135]
Whitaker Entertainment

L
Tink[136]
Pacific Standard

L
Tower of Terror[137][138]
Whitaker Entertainment

L
Tribyville[139][140]

L
Untitled Tron film[141][142]

L
Tux[143]
Viz Productions, Principato-Young Entertainment and Shogakukan

L
The Water Man[144]
Harpo Films and Yoruba Saxon Productions

L
Wild City[145]

L
Wish List[146]

text: Notes

text:
MVLSince 2012, The Walt Disney Studios began releasing Marvel Studios' films following The Walt Disney Company's acquisition of Marvel Entertainment in 2009, but those films are distinct as they have only been branded as Marvel and not Disney (e.g. The Avengers), similar to how Touchstone Pictures and Hollywood Pictures titles have been marketed since 1984 and 1989, respectively.[147]
LFLSince 2015, The Walt Disney Studios began releasing Lucasfilm's films following Disney's acquisition of the company in 2012, but those films are distinct as they have not been branded as Disney (e.g. Star Wars: The Force Awakens).[148]
TRThe Rocketeer was released as a Walt Disney Pictures release domestically.[149] However, outside of the United States and Canada, the film was released through the Touchstone Pictures label.[150]
TSCReleased in conjunction with the Hollywood Pictures label.
TNBCReleased under the Touchstone Pictures label for its original 1993 release, and was rebranded as a Walt Disney Pictures film for the 2006 reissue.[151]
J2JThe original film, with the English name Little Indian, Big City, was given a limited U.S. theatrical release, with a dubbed version, under the Touchstone Pictures label on March 22, 1996. This was a contractual condition, from actor-producer Thierry Lhermitte, that Disney had to make happen in order to gain the remake rights which would ultimately result in Jungle 2 Jungle.[152]
ABAs of September 2016, Disney is no longer distributing any of the Air Bud franchise; those rights have been reassigned to DHX Media.[153]


document_title: Tally Solutions

question_text: what is the use of tally software in accounting

root

text: Tally Solutions

text: History[edit]

text: Tally Solutions, then known as Peutronics,[2] was co-founded in 1986 by Shyam Sunder Goenka and his son Bharat Goenka. [3] Shyam Sundar Goenka was running a company that supplied raw materials and machine parts to plants and textile mills in southern and eastern India. Unable to find software that could manage his books of accounts, he asked his son, Bharat Goenka, 23, a Maths graduate[4] to create a software application that would handle financial accounts for his business.[5] The first version of the accounting software was launched as an MS-DOS application. It had only basic accounting functions, and was named Peutronics Financial Accountant.[6]

tag: p

text:
In 1988, the product was renamed as Tally.
In 1997, the first Windows based version Tally 5.4 was released.
In 1999, the company formally changed its name to Tally Solutions.[4]
in 2001, Tally 6.3 launched (Educational/ Licence version)
In 2005, Tally 7.2 was launched with features designed to meet Indian value-added taxation (VAT) requirements.
In 2006, Tally launched Tally 8.1, a concurrent multi-lingual version, and also Tally 9.[7]
In 2009, the company released Tally.ERP 9, a business management solution[8]
In 2015, the company launched a program called Vriddhi to certify and classify its business partners.[9] Also in 2015, Tally Solutions announced the launch of Tally.ERP 9 Release 5.0 with taxation and compliance features.[10]
As of 2016, the company had 1 million customers.[11]
In 2016, Tally Solutions was shortlisted as a GST Suvidha Provider to provide interface between the new Goods and Services Tax (GST) server and taxpayers, and in 2017, the company launched its updated GST compliance software.[12][13]

tag: ul

text: Tally.ERP[edit]

text: Tally main product is its enterprise resource planning software called Tally.ERP 9 with single and multi-user licences. For large organisations with many branches, Tally.Server 9 is offered. The software handles accounting, inventory management, tax management, payroll etc.[8]


document_title: Legal drinking age

question_text: what is the legal drinking age in italy 2017

text: Legal drinking age

text: Africa[edit]

text: The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. Although it varies from the lowest age limit in Ethiopia being only 15 years, Zimbabwe with a minimum purchase age of 16 years, Gambia with a age limit of 17 years and Uganda where the minimum legal purchase age is 18 but minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider with a meal at a restaurant. Cameroon and Egypt are the only countries in Africa with a minimum purchase age of 21 years. However Algeria, Angola (except Luando Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Togo, Tunisia and the Western Sahara have no laws on the book restricting the sale of alcohol to minors. And in Libya, Somalia and Sudan the sale, production ond consumption of alcohol is completely prohibited.

text:
Country
State/Region/Province
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Algeria
None[2]

 Angola

None[2]
There is no national legislation prohibiting the sale of alcohol to minors.

Luanda Province:
18[3]
Legislation in Luanda Province:
It is illegal to sell alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18. It is also illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.[3]

 Botswana
None[4]
18[4]
It is illegal for any person with a liquor license to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Because the law only applies to licensees it is not illegal for minors to buy, consume or possess alcoholic beverages.

 Burundi
None[5]
18 (None if accompanied by parent or legal guardian)[5]
It is illegal for any person with a liquor license to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to unaccompanied minors under the age of 18 years.

 Cameroon
21/18 (if accompanied by a person 21 years of age or older)[6]
It is illegal for any person with a liquor license, to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under 18 years of age. The law permits adults fromn the ages 18 to 21 to consume, purchase and buy alcoholic beverages if accompanied by a person 21 years of age or older. Anyone over the age of 21 years may buy or consume alcohol unaccompanied.

 Cape Verde
None[7]
18[7]
It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years.

 Central African Republic
None[2]

 Comoros
None[2]

 Egypt
21[2]

 Equatorial Guinea
None[2]

 Eritrea
None[8]
18[8]
It is illegal for any person to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years.

 Ethiopia
None[9]
15[9]
It is illegal for any person to sell, offer, serve or allow to serve alcoholic beverages "in substantial quantities" to any infant or young person. The criminal code defines a young person as any person under the age of 15 years. But the Criminal Code states: "Whoever endangers the health of another, intentionally and unscrupulously, by administering or serving, or by causing or permitting to be administered or served, to minors (defined as anyone under the age of 18 years) (...) alcoholic beverages or spirituous liquors of such kind or in such quantity as to make their injurious effect certain or probable, is punishable with simple imprisonment not exceeding one year, and fine."

 Gabon
None[2]

 Gambia
None[10][2]
17[10][2]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to child or young person. A "young person" is defined as anyone under the age of 17 by the Children and Young Persons Act, 1949 Section 2.

 Ghana
18[11]

 Guinea-Bissau
None[2]

 Kenya
None[12]
18[12]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Lesotho
18[13]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a minor under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for minors to consume, buy or attempt to buy alcohol.

 Liberia
None
18[2]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Libya
Illegal[14]
Previously Article 498 of the Libyan Penal Code prohibted the sale of acloholic beverages to juveniles under the age of 16 years.[2]

 Malawi
None
18[15]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Mauritius
None
18[16]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Morocco
None[2]

 Mozambique
18[17]

 Namibia
None
18[18]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Niger
18[2]

 Nigeria
18[2]

 Republic of the Congo
None
18[19]

 Rwanda
18[2]

 Senegal
18[20]

 Seychelles
18[2]

 Somalia
Illegal[21]

 South Africa
18
The parent, adult guardian of a minor or a person responsible for administering a religious sacrament, may on occasion supply to that minor a moderate quantity of liquor to be consumed by the minor in the presence and under the supervision of that parent, guardian or other person.[22]

 South Sudan
18[2]

 Sudan
Illegal[23]

 Swaziland
18[2]

 Tanzania
None
18[24]

 Togo
None[2]

 Tunisia
None[2]

 Uganda
None[25]
18
16 (wine, beer, porter, cider, perry or native liquor with meal)[25]
It is illegal for any licensee to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. The law provides a exception for anyone who is 16 or 17 years of age, and consumes a fermented alcoholic drink with a meal, in a part of a licensed premises that serves meals and is not a bar.

 Western Sahara
None[2]

 Zambia
18[26]
It is illegal for any person with a liquor license, to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under 18 years of age. Before the Liquor Licensing Act was enacted in 2011, the minimum age to sell, serve and supply alcoholic beverages was 14 years.[27]

 Zimbabwe
None[28]
16 [28]
It is illegal for any person to sell, lend, give, supply, deliver or offer alcoholic beverages to any child under the age of 16 years, except upon production of a written order signed by the parent or guardian of the child known to such person. The police has the duty to seize any alcoholice beverage in the possession of a child under the age of 16 years without a written consent of the parents or legal guardian.

tag: table

text: Americas[edit]

text: The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided the buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal pruchase and drinking age of 20 years.

text:
Country
State/Region/Province
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Anguilla
None[29]
18 [29]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violating the regulation is punished with a $9.600 fine.

 Antigua and Barbuda
None
16[30]
The sale and distribution of alcohol to a person under 16 years of age is illegal.

 Argentina
18[31]

 Bahamas
18[32]
It is illegal for any adult to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a child (defined as anyone under the age of 18 years). The law provides a exception to treat a illness in urgent cases or upon order by a medical doctor.

 Barbados
None
16[33]
It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to anyone under the age of 16 years. The President of the Barbados Road Safety Association is trying to raise the drinking age to 18 years due to the fact that the law is often violated.[33]

 Belize
18[34]
Drinking age is rarely enforced. IDs are almost never requested.

 Bermuda
18[35]
It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a child under the age of 18 years.

 Bolivia
None[36]
18 [36]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Every sold alcoholic beverage has to have a warning message on the bottle or container reading: “VENTA PROHIBIDA A MENORES DE 18 AÑOS DE EDAD” (Sale prohibited to (anyone) under 18 years of age) and “EL CONSUMO EXCESIVO DE ALCOHOL ES DAÑINO PARA LA SALUD” (Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful to (ones) health).

 Brazil
None[37]
18 [37]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a person under 18 years of age. The presidential law enacted on March 17 2015 made any violation of the law a criminal offence. Any adult person selling, serving, giving or supplying alcoholic beverages to a minor is punished with imprisonment of 2 to 4 years, a fine of R$ 3.000 to R$ 10.000 and a ban to operate any business selling or serving alcohol.

 British Virgin Islands
16[34]
It is illegal to sell or to supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 16.

 Canada
 Alberta
 Manitoba
 Quebec
18[38][39][40]
In Alberta no person may give or sell or permit any person to give or sell liquor to a minor in licensed premises.[38] In Manitoba a person must not give, sell or otherwise supply liquor to a minor. the law provides exceptions for a doctor, dentist, pharmacist or other health care professional for medical purposes; for sacramental purposes and by the parent, guardian, spouse or common-law partner, if it is given or supplied in a residence.[39] In Quebec the law probits the sale of alcoholic beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years.[40]

 Ontario
 Saskatchewan
 British Columbia
 Newfoundland and Labrador
 Nova Scotia
 New Brunswick
 Prince Edward Island
 Northwest Territories
 Yukon
 Nunavut
19

 Cayman Islands
18[41]
It is prohibited to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for any minor to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcoholic beverages. Violation of the lawis punished with a fine of five thousand dollars, and the court may, if the offence was committed by the licensee, order that the licensee shall forfeit his licence and that no licence may be issued to that person for a period not exceeding ten years from the date of his conviction.

 Chile
18[42]
The minimum age is 18 to enter an enclosure that sells alcoholic beverages. Selling alcohol to a minor may incur a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Chilean identification card issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.[43]

 Colombia
None
18[44]
The law prohibits the sale of aclohol to a minor (anyone under the age of 18 years). It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.[44]

 Costa Rica
None
18[45]
The law prohibits the sale of aclohol to a minor (anyone under the age of 18 years). Selling alcohol to a minor will be punished with a fine equivalent to ten basic salaries. Whoever permits minors to maintain in any establishment which main purpose is to sell alcoholic beverages, will be sanctioned with a fine equivalent to five salaries. It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.[45]

 Cuba
None
16[46]
The penal code prohibits any adult to induce any young person under the age of 16 years, to habitually consume alcoholic beverages. However this means that defacto anyone selling, serving or supplying alcohol should check if the buyer has attained the age of 16 years. In most cases this law is not strictly enforced.[46][47]

 Dominican Republic
None
18[48]

 Ecuador
None
18[49]
It is illegal to sell alcohol beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years of age. The law obligates establishments to place a visible notice at the point of sale and to check identification to enforce the law. However it is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.[49]

 El Salvador
None
18[50]
It is strictly prohibited to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years. Violation of the law is punished with ¢ 25,000.00 and if convicted once more the license will be suspended for a period of six months. It is legal for minors to buy, attempt to buy and consume alcohol.[50]

 Falkland Islands
18[51]
It is illegal for any adult to sell, give or provide alcohol to a minor under the age of 18 years in any public place or licensed premises. Parents may permit their children to consume alcohol on private premises. Minors consuming alcohol in public are committing a criminal offence. The law provides exceptions for the consumption of alcohol by minors for prescription of or at the direction of a government medical officer or in the course of the administration of Holy Communion according to the rites of any Christian denomination.[51]

 Grenada
18[52]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic drink to a minor under 18 years of age. Minors under 18 years are prohibited by law, to consume alcoholic beverages in public.[52]

 Guatemala
18[53]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic drink to a minor under 18 years of age. Minors under 18 years are prohibited by law, to consume alcoholic beverages in public.[53]

 Guyana
18/16 for beer, wine and cider with meal[54]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcool to a person under 18 years of age. The law provides a exception for minors aged 16 and 17, if they consume a glass of beer, wine oder cider with a meal in a restaurant. Otherwise attempting to buy alcohol or buying alcohol as a minor is a offence.[54]

 Haiti
None
18[55]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to minors from May 17 2017. Vendors are required to check identification.

 Honduras
18[42]

 Jamaica
None
18[56]
It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a child (which is defined as anyone under the age of 18 years).[56]

 Mexico
18[42]
The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.

 Nicaragua
None
14 (restaurant)
18 (bars, clubs, markets, supermarkets, sports and recreation centers)[57]
The law from 1980 prohibits the sale of acloholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Ever point of sale or establishment serving alcohol, is required to post a notice stating that the sale of alcohol to minors under 18 years of age is illegal. However the law permits children as young as 14 to purchase and consume alcohol in a restaurant without further restrictions.[57]

 Panama
None
18[58]

 Paraguay
20[59]
According to Art. 1° of the law to "ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors", it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol or to allow the consumption by minors under 20 years of age. Furthermore, under Art 2° all public establishments selling alcohol must display a clearly legible notice in the sales area with the following text: "ESTA PROHIBIDA LA VENTA DE BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS A MENORES DE VEINTE AÑOS DE EDAD" (It is illegal (prohibited) to sell alcoholic beverages to minors under 20 years of age)

 Peru
None
18[60]

 Puerto Rico
18

 Trinidad and Tobago
None
18[61]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholiv beverages to child under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for an adult to send a child to buy alcohol on behalf. It is not illegal for children to buy or consume alcohol.[61]

 Turks and Caicos Islands
None
18[62]
It is illegal to serve or sell liquor to a young person under the age of eighteen years. Minors under the age of sixteen years may not present in a licensed premises mainly serving and selling alcoholic beverages.[62]

 United States
(50 states and integral territories)
Varies by jurisdiction[42]
21[42]
The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws.
Federal law explicitly provides for religious exceptions. As of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for those under the age of 21.[63]
By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by adults 18 to 20 years of age, but a circuit court judge has said otherwise.[64]
The states of Washington and Wisconsin allows the consumption of alcohol in the presence of parents.
Some U.S. states have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by persons under twenty-one a gross misdemeanor with a potential penalty of a $5,000 fine or up to year in jail.[65]
See also: Minor in Possession and List of alcohol laws of the United States

 United States Virgin Islands
18[66]

 Uruguay
None
18[67]
Only selling alcohol to minors under the age of 18 is prohibited, consumption and purchase by minors is not illegal.

 Venezuela
None
18[68]
Only selling alcohol to minors under the age of 18 is prohibited, consumption and purchase by minors is not illegal.[68]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country
State/Region/Province
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Afghanistan
Illegal[69]

 Bangladesh
(Illegal for Muslims.)[70]
Alcohol will be sold to foreigners in certain locations, albeit clandestinely.[citation needed]

 Bhutan
18[71]

 Brunei
17 with restrictions, unless Muslim[42]
Non-Muslims over 17 years of age are allowed to import alcohol not to exceed maximum total volume 2 liters of liquor and 12 cans of beer at 330 ml for personal use, once in 48 hours. This alcohol must be “stored and consumed at the place of residence of the importer” and is “not to be given, transferred or sold to another person.”.[42]

 Cambodia
None[72]

 China
18[42]
Introduced in January 2006.[73]

 Hong Kong
18[74]
The regulation is only applicable to restaurants, bars and clubs, where a liquor license is required. Private drinking is also not regulated.[citation needed]

 India
18–25 (varies by jurisdiction)[42]

Main article: Alcohol laws of India
Consumption of alcohol is illegal in the states of Bihar, Gujarat and Nagaland.[75]

 Indonesia
21[76]

 Iran
Illegal [42]
There is a ban on alcohol, but religious minorities may purchase small amounts from shops owned by the same religious minority.[77]

 Iraq
18[78]

 Israel
None
18[42]
Israel law prohibits selling or serving alcohol to minors, but it does not prohibit minors to drink, although the police may confiscate alcoholic drinks consumed by minors in public.[citation needed]

 Japan
20[42]

 Jordan
18[79]

 Kazakhstan
21[80]

 Kuwait
Illegal[81]

 Kyrgyzstan
18[42]

 Lebanon
18[42]
Often unenforced and according to a global school health study, 40% of minors over 13 drink alcohol and up to 25% buy it from stores.[82]

 Macau
None[citation needed]

 Malaysia
21
Increased from 18 to 21 in December 2017.[83]

 Maldives
Illegal except for tourists, 18[citation needed]
Sale of alcohol is limited to tourist resorts. It is illegal to sell alcohol to local Maldivians[84]

 Mongolia
18[85]

 Myanmar
None
18[86]

   Nepal
18
The legal age for consumption of alcohol in Nepal is 18. However, there are exceptions to underage consumption for purposes of religious ceremonies.[citation needed]

 North Korea
18[87]

 Oman
21
Residents need personal liquor licenses to consume alcohol in their private residences.[88]

 Pakistan
Illegal [42]
Non-Muslim citizens may possess alcohol to be used in accordance with religious ceremonies[42]

 Palestinian Authority
16[citation needed]
Legal in most cities.[citation needed]

 Philippines
18[89]

 Qatar
19[citation needed]
Muslims are allowed to purchase alcohol, but generally not allowed to consume. Non Muslims are allowed to purchase, and consume alcohol. The only legal distributor of alcohol in the country is the Qatar Distribution Company located in Doha.[citation needed]

 Saudi Arabia
Illegal
Drinking or possessing alcohol is illegal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Persons who drink or possess alcohol are subject to arrest and trial. Punishments range from heavy fines, lengthy prison terms and whippings.[citation needed]

 Singapore
None (Private places, sometimes with permission from parents/guardian)
18 (Public places e.g. bars and restaurants)
18[42]
For convenience stores, those who pretend to be 18 years and above in a "Challenge 18" scheme will be downgraded to "Challenge 21" scheme, and after which the licences will be revoked once they pretend to be 18 years and above if it is on "Challenge 21".[citation needed]. It is illegal to purchase alcohol in Singapore or consume in a nightclub/allow entry to the nightclub under 18. Home and private drinking of alcohol is allowed, although the safest age could be 6. Parents can try a sip of alcohol at any age.[citation needed]

 South Korea
None
19[90]
The age limit for alcohol is after January 1 of the year one's age turns to 19.[91]

 Sri Lanka
21[42]

 Syria
18[citation needed]

 Taiwan
18[92]

It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.[93]
Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking,[94] or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.[95]
One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 18.[96] A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 New Taiwan Dollars.[97]

 Tajikistan
18[42]

 Thailand
20[98]
The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act of 2008 increased the drinking age in Thailand from 18 to 20, private drinking is not regulated in private locations.[98][99]

 Turkmenistan
18[42]

 United Arab Emirates
18–21 (varies by jurisdiction).[100]
Expatriate non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages, but it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.[101]
The legal age for drinking alcohol is 18 in Abu Dhabi (although a Ministry of Tourism by-law allows hotels to serve alcohol only to those over 21), and 21 in Dubai and the Northern Emirates (except Sharjah, where drinking alcohol is illegal).[100]
It is a punishable offence to drink, or to be under the influence of alcohol, in public.[100]

 Uzbekistan
None
20[42]

 Vietnam
None
18[102][unreliable source?]

 Yemen
Illegal[citation needed]
Exception is in Aden Region where it's legal for 21 and up[citation needed]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except Ticino) maintain a minimum purchase age below 18 years permitting minors either full or limited access to alcohol. In 2005[103], 2007[104] and recently in 2015[105] the European Union has failed to enact a law forcing member states to raise their purchase age to 18 years. But in the past years several European countries have raised their drinking/purchase age or enacted laws restricting the access to alcohol for minors:

text:
In 2002 the autonomous communities Madrid,[106] Valencia[107] and Catalonia[108] raised their minimum purchase age to 18 years. Previous to 2002 Valencia and Madrid had a minimum purchase age of 16 years, and in Catalonia minors aged 16 or 17 could purchase alcohol up to 23% ABV on and off premises.
In 2004 Denmark[109] raised its off premises purchase age from 15 to 16 years.
In November 2005 Switzerland passed its "Food and Commodities Regulation"[110] (German: Lebensmittel- und Gebrauchsgegenständeverordnung), introducing a ban on alcohol sales to anyone under the age of 16, although the 1980 passed "Alcohol Law"[111] (German: Alkoholgesetz) already required a minimum age of 18 years for the retail sale of distilled spirits. Therefore, it is illegal to sell fermented alcohol (e.g. beer, wine, sparkling wine or cider) to anyone under the age of 16, and any distilled alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. Further the canton of Ticino introduced a contonal law in 1989 banning all alcohol sales to anyone under the age of 18 years.[112]
In 2006 the autonomous communitie Castile and León[113] raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.
In late 2006, Gibraltar[114] lawmakers passed the "Children and Young Persons (Alcohol, Tobacco and Gaming) Act 2006", which raised the minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years. But the new law made an exception: minors aged 16 or 17 can purchase and consume on premises beer, wine or cider under 15% ABV or pre-packed containers of an alcoholic strength not exceeding 5.5% ABV (e.g. alcopops).
In 2009 France[115] raised its minimum purchase age to 18 years, and fines were increased for selling or serving alcohol to a minor (up to 7,500 €). Previous to 2009 the minimum age to purchase any alcohol from off licensed premises was 16 years. In order to purchase alcohol on premises the minimum age was 16 years for low alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, cider, perry, mead, crème de cassis and juices from fermented fruits or vegetables that contain 1.2 to 3° alcohol, natural sweet wines from controlled cultivation – to purchase or be served stronger alcoholic drinks one had to be 18 years of age.
In October 2009, the government of Malta[116] passed a new law raising its drinking and purchase age from 16 to 17 years.
In 2010 the autonomous community of Galicia raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.[117]
In 2011 Denmark[118] passed a new law, raising the minimum age for off-premises sale of alcohol >16.5% ABV to 18 years of age. The age to purchase alcohol <16.5% ABV remaines at 16.
Italy raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 in 2012. Previously Italy did not have a purchase age for off-premises sales, and the minimum age of 16 years for on premises sales was barely enforced. [119]
In 2013 the government of Portugal restricted alcohol sales to young people: distilled spirits can not be sold to anyone under the age of 18, and other alcohol (e.g. beer, wine or cider) can't be sold to anyone under the age of 16. Previously the minimum age for all kinds of alcoholic beverages was 16 years.[120]
As of 1 January 2014, the minimum legal purchase and consumption age was raised from 16 to 18 in the Netherlands. Previously young people over the age of 16 could purchase and consume alcohol <15% ABV, and adults aged 18 and over could purchase alcohol over 15% ABV.[121]
As of March 2015, the autonomous community of Asturias raised its drinking age from 16 to 18 years. Asturias was Spain's last community with a drinking age of 16 years. The new law brings the drinking age into line with the rest of Spain.[122]
As of 1 January 2018, Lithuania raised its minimum drinking age from 18 to 20 years[123]

text:
Country
State/Region/Province
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Albania
18[42]

 Armenia
None[124]
18[124]
There are no laws mandating alcohol vendors to ID potential underage drinkers. ID checks are very rarely, if ever, carried out[124]

 Austria
 Burgenland
 Lower Austria
 Vienna
16
[125]

 Carinthia
 Upper Austria
 Salzburg
 Styria
 Tyrol
 Vorarlberg
16 (beer, wine and cider)
18 (distilled beverages)
Carinthia also requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%.[125]

 Azerbaijan
None[126]
18[126]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to a minor under 18 years of age.[126]

 Belarus
None[127]
18[127]
The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to anyone under the age of 18 years. However, the law is rarely enforced.[127]

 Belgium
None[128]
16 (beer, wine and cider)
18 (spirits)[128]
Since 10 January 2010, it is illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" any form of distilled alcohol to those under the age of 18 or any alcoholic drink to those under 16. So fermented drinks like beer or wine are permitted above 16.[128] Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
None[129]
18[129]
Selling alcohol to a minor under the age of 18 years is a offence. The law does not prohibit minors from buying, attempting to buy or consuming alcohol.[129]

 Bulgaria
None[130]
18[130]
By law, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to any child under the age of 18. There is no restrictions for minors consuming alcohol.[130]

 Croatia
None[131]
18[131]
It is prohibited to sell or serve alcohol to anyone under 18 years of age. There is no minimum age to buy or consume alcohol by law.[131]

 Cyprus
None[132]
17[132]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to anyone under thhe age of 17 years. There is no minimum age to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol in public.[132]

 Czech Republic
None
18[133]
It is illegal to provide alcohol to minors[134] (punishable by fine or up to 1[135] or 2[136] year(s) imprisonment). Consumption itself is not prohibited by law.[137]

 Denmark
None
16 (<16.5% ABV)
18 (≥16.5% ABV)
While there is no age requirement for drinking alcohol in Denmark, there are laws that prevent minors from buying alcohol:

In order to buy alcohol above 1.2% and below 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 16 years of age.
In order to buy alcohol above 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 18 years of age.[138]

By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation.[139] If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification.[140] This card is rarely used though since a passport or drivers license is more commonly used.[141]
Both the legal drinking and purchasing age in the Faroe Islands is 18.[citation needed]

 Estonia
18[142]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. Alcohol found in possession of any child can be confiscated by the police.

 Finland
18 (possession and purchase of 1.2–22% ABV)
20 (for possession and purchase of 23–80% ABV)
18 (for all in bars, clubs and restaurants)[143]
All major grocery chains have implemented a policy to ask for ID if the customer looks under 30.[144] Stores may refuse to sell alcohol if the customer is accompanied by a minor, or if proxy purchasing is suspected. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is a criminal offence.[143][145]
Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession. Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities, who may intervene with child welfare procedures. In addition, those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine.[146]
In private, offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole, considering the minor's age, degree of maturity and other circumstances.[143]

 France
None
18
France has no explicitly stated consumption age,[147] but selling alcohol to a minor (under 18) is illegal[148] and can be fined 7500 euros.[147] This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009.[149][150]

 Georgia
None[151]
18[151]
By Georgian law, the sale of alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[151]

 Germany
14(beer, wine and cider if accompanied)
16 (beer, wine and cider)
18 (spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts)[152]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply fermented alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, cider and sparkling wine) to anyone under 16 years of age. However this age limit drops down to 14 if a minor is accompanied by his parent or legal guardian. It is generally illegal to serve, sell or supply any beverage containing spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts, to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation of the "Protection of Young Persons Act" can be fined up to 50.000€.
See also: Alcohol laws in Germany

 Gibraltar
None[153]
18
16(beer, wine and cider)[153]
It is illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18, other than the following two exceptions. The minimum age to be served in licensed premises is 16 if:[153]

The alcoholic beverage is beer, wine or cider below 15% ABV, or
The alcoholic beverage is served in a bottle, or a pre-packaged container below 5.5% ABV.

 Greece
None[154]
18[154]
In 2008, the consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited for minors in public. However, the law does not apply to private events or private premises.[154]

 Hungary
18[42]

 Iceland
None
20[155]
Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence, but supplying them with alcohol is.

 Ireland
None (on private residence with permission from parents or guardians)[156]
18[156]
It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol or for a third party to attempt to buy it for minors. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians.[157]

 Italy
None [158]
18[159][158]
In 2012 the then Health Minister Renato Balduzzi proposed to raise the age to 18.[158] Selling alcohol to those under the age of 18 in shops carries a fine between €250 and €1000. Serving alcoholic beverages to those under the age of 16 is a criminal offense and is punished with prison up to one year, if the individual is 16 or 17 it will be treated as an offense that is fined between €250 and €1000 (Legge n. 189/2013).

 Kosovo
None[citation needed]

 Latvia
None[160]
18[160]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to any minor under the age of 18 years. There is no minimum age to consume or possess alcohol.[160]

 Liechtenstein
16 beer, wine and cider
18 spirits and spirit-based beverages[161]
Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.[161]

 Lithuania
20[123]
It is illegal to sell, serve or supply acloholic beverages to anyone under the age of 20 years. Minors under the age of 20 are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages or from possessing them. The minimum age was raised from 18 to 20 on January 1, 2018.[123]

 Luxembourg
None [162]
16[162]
It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages >1.2% ABV to any person under the age of 16 years. Violation is fined €251 to €1.000.[162]

 Macedonia
18[163]
Must show an ID card upon request. In certain smaller places, such as family-owned convenience stores and street kiosks, there is little to no enforcement on how old or young somebody purchases alcohol. There is little to no enforcement for drinking privately, but drinking in bars may require an ID.

 Malta
17[164]
Must provide identification upon request.

 Moldova
None[165]
18[165]
It is illegal to sell, or serve alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol. The minimum purchase age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2012.[166][165]

 Montenegro
18[citation needed]

 Netherlands
18
The legal age for purchasing and consumption of alcoholic beverages was raised from 16 to 18 on 1 January 2014. Alcohol is commonly available upon parental permission. Selling alcoholic beverages to people under 18 is illegal, although giving it away in private is not.[citation needed]

 Norway
None[167]
18 (<22%)
20 (≥22% ABV)[42]
Selling alcohol to or buying alcohol for minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them.
Alcohol with more than 60% ABV is generally not sold in Norway, although exceptions may be made by the government for specific products.[168]
Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas.[169]

 Poland
None[170]
18[170]
Article 15 of The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism[171] clearly states that buyers or persons being served must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. There is no mention of consumption age in this or any other act in Poland. Drinking on streets, town squares, and in parks is illegal regardless of age.

 Portugal
None[172]
18[172]

 Romania
None
18[173]
According to law 61/1991 updated in 2008, paragraphs 21-25, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to minors.

 Russia
None
18[174]
There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal and additional regional laws.

 Serbia
None
16[175]

 Slovakia
18[176]

 Slovenia
None
18[177]
There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors.

 Spain
18
Asturias was the last autonomous community in Spain where the drinking age was increased to 18 (previously 16) on 1 May 2015.[178]

 Sweden

None

None (less than 2.25% ABV)
18 (bars and restaurants)
18 (2.25%–3.5% ABV in food shops)
20 (Systembolaget shops)[179],

See also: Alcohol in Sweden
Many clubs choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is legal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under that age and the police can seize alcohol from them, apart from being served alcohol supervised in private "in moderation". It is legal to serve an underage person alcohol in a private place.[180] The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.

  Switzerland
  Switzerland (federal law)
None
(See notes)
16 (fermented alcoholic drinks with less than 15% ABV and natural wines with less than 18% ABV)[181]
18 (spirits) [182]
Whoever offers or supplies alcoholic beverages to a child under the age of 16 years in an amount which is harmful to one's health is punished with imprisonment up to 3 years or a fine.[183] Whoever sells or supplies spirits to a person under the age of 18 years is punished with a fine up to 10.000 CHF.[184]

 Ticino
18
The canton Ticino prohibits selling and consumption of any type of alcohol by minors under the age of 18. Some shops and supermarkets may not sell alcohol to minors under the age of 18.[185]

 Turkey
18[42]

See also: Alcohol laws of Turkey

 Ukraine
18[42]

 United Kingdom
 England
 Wales
18[186]
16 (beer, wine or cider with meal)[186]
5 (private)[187]
None (under medical supervision, or in an emergency)[187]
Legislation in  England and  Wales:

It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages on licensed premises under the age of 18, other than the following two exceptions:[186]

Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal, and accompanied by an adult.[186]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.

It is illegal to permit minors under the age of 5 to consume alcoholic beverages unless under medical supervision or in an emergency.[187]
Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [188]

 Scotland
18
16 (beer, wine or cider on licensed premises with meal)[189]
None (private)
Legislation in  Scotland:

It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18, other than the following two exceptions:[190]

Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal.[190]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.

Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [188]

 Northern Ireland
18
Legislation in Northern Ireland:
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.

 United Kingdom
Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 (applies to all of the  United Kingdom)
Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 schemes, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21[191] (or optionally 25) even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 (or Challenge 25) notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 (or 25) without ID.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country
State/Region/Province
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 American Samoa
21[192]

 Australia
18[42][193]

Main article: Alcohol laws of Australia
Varies by state. Some states restrict possession and consumption to over 18, all states restrict purchasing to over 18. In some states, minors may consume alcohol in a private residence with parental permission.[194]

 Fiji
18[195]
The drinking age was 21 from 2006 to 2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.[195]

 Guam
21[196]

 Micronesia, Federated States of
18[197]

 New Zealand
None
18[198]
Minimum age applies for beverages with 1.15% ABV or over; no restrictions on beverages less than 1.15% ABV.[199]
Persons under 18 may drink outside private residences or private functions if accompanied by their parent or legal guardian. Alcohol may be supplied to minors only by, or with express consent from, their parent or legal guardian.[200]

 Northern Mariana Islands
21[201]

 Palau
21[202]
It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a person under 21 years of age. Minors may access a bar or licensed premises only if accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. Minors buying, consuming or attempting to buy alcohol are commiting a offence. The law provides a exception for the consumption of alcohol by minors as part of a religiously recognized ceremony.[202]

 Papua New Guinea
18[203]
It is illegal for a minor to purchase, consume or attempt to purchase alcoholic beverages. Any licence holder has to ensure that the customer who he sells or serves alcohol to, is at least 18 years of age. Violation of this law is fined.[203]

 Samoa
21[204]
Selling or serving alcohol to a person under the age of twenty-one years is punished with three hundred dollars or imprisonment for nine months or both, a fine and imprisonment.[205]

 Solomon Islands
None[205]
21[205]
Selling or serving alcohol to a person under the age of twenty-one years is punished with three hundred dollars or imprisonment for nine months or both, a fine and imprisonment.[205]

 Tokelau
18[206]

 Tonga
18[207]
Selling, serving or supplying alcohol to a minor is illegal. It is also illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol in any public place and any violation of this law is fined up to $1,000.[207]

 Vanuatu
18[208]
It is unlawful to sell, serve or supply alcohol to any person under the age of 18 years. Violation of the law is fined up to VT 25,000 or by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 3 months, or by both, fine and imprisonment. Any minor under the age of 18 years, beeing found in possession or consumption of alcohol is fined up to VT 10,000.[208]


document_title: Cardiac marker

question_text: what are the different cardiac biomarkers in heart disease

text: Cardiac marker

text: Applications of measurement[edit]

text: Measuring cardiac biomarkers can be a step toward making a diagnosis for a condition. Whereas cardiac imaging often confirms a diagnosis, simpler and less expensive cardiac biomarker measurements can advise a physician whether more complicated or invasive procedures are warranted. In many cases medical societies advise doctors to make biomarker measurements an initial testing strategy especially for patients at low risk of cardiac death.[2][3]

text: Many acute cardiac marker IVD products are targeted at nontraditional markets, e.g., the hospital ER instead of traditional hospital or clinical laboratory environments. Competition in the development of cardiac marker diagnostic products and their expansion into new markets is intense.[4]

text: Recently, the intentional destruction of myocardium by alcohol septal ablation has led to the identification of additional potential markers.[5]

text: Types[edit]

text: Types of cardiac markers include the following:

text:
Test
Sensitivity and specificity
Approximate peak
Description

Troponin test
The most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage. Because it has increased specificity compared with CK-MB, troponin is a superior marker for myocardial injury.
12 hours
Troponin is released during MI from the cytosolic pool of the myocytes. Its subsequent release is prolonged with degradation of actin and myosin filaments. Isoforms of the protein, T and I, are specific to myocardium. Differential diagnosis of troponin elevation includes acute infarction, severe pulmonary embolism causing acute right heart overload, heart failure, myocarditis. Troponins can also calculate infarct size but the peak must be measured in the 3rd day. After myocyte injury, troponin is released in 2–4 hours and persists for up to 7 days.

Creatine Kinase (CK-MB) test
It is relatively specific when skeletal muscle damage is not present.
10–24 hours
The CK-MB isoform of creatine kinase is expressed in heart muscle. It resides in the cytosol and facilitates movement of high energy phosphates into and out of mitochondria. Since it has a short duration, it cannot be used for late diagnosis of acute MI but can be used to suggest infarct extension if levels rise again. This is usually back to normal within 2–3 days.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
LDH is not as specific as troponin.
72 hours
Lactate dehydrogenase catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. LDH-1 isozyme is normally found in the heart muscle and LDH-2 is found predominantly in blood serum. A high LDH-1 level to LDH-2 suggest MI. LDH levels are also high in tissue breakdown or hemolysis. It can mean cancer, meningitis, encephalitis, or HIV. This is usually back to normal 10–14 days.

Aspartate transaminase (AST)

This was the first used.[6] It is not specific for heart damage, and it is also one of the liver function tests.

Myoglobin (Mb)
low specificity for myocardial infarction
2 hours
Myoglobin is used less than the other markers. Myoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissue. It is high when muscle tissue is damaged but it lacks specificity. It has the advantage of responding very rapidly,[7] rising and falling earlier than CK-MB or troponin. It also has been used in assessing reperfusion after thrombolysis.[8]

Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA)
low specificity

IMA can be detected via the albumin cobalt binding (ACB) test, a limited available FDA approved assay. Myocardial ischemia alters the N-terminus of albumin reducing the ability of cobalt to bind to albumin. IMA measures ischemia in the blood vessels and thus returns results in minutes rather than traditional markers of necrosis that take hours. ACB test has low specificity therefore generating high number of false positives and must be used in conjunction with typical acute approaches such as ECG and physical exam. Additional studies are required.

Pro-brain natriuretic peptide

This is increased in patients with heart failure. It has been approved as a marker for acute congestive heart failure. Pt with < 80 have a much higher rate of symptom-free survival within a year. Generally, pt with CHF will have > 100.

Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB
0.854 and 0.767[9]
7 hours

Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (abbreviation: GPBB) is one of the three isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase. This isoform of the enzyme exists in cardiac (heart) and brain tissue. Because of the blood–brain barrier, GP-BB can be seen as being specific to heart muscle. GP-BB is one of the "new cardiac markers" which are considered to improve early diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome. During the process of ischemia, GP-BB is converted into a soluble form and is released into the blood. A rapid rise in blood levels can be seen in myocardial infarction and unstable angina. GP-BB is elevated 1–3 hours after process of ischemia.

text: suPAR[edit]

text: suPAR, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, (NCBI Accession no. AAK31795) is the soluble form of uPAR. uPAR is a membrane bound receptor for uPA, otherwise known as urokinase. suPAR results from the cleavage and release of membrane-bound uPAR. suPAR concentration positively correlates to the activation level of the immune system and is present in plasma, urine, blood, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. suPAR is a biomarker for activation of the inflammatory and immune systems. suPAR levels are positively correlated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, leukocyte counts, and C-reactive protein. Elevated levels of suPAR are associated with increased risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cancer, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, infectious diseases, HIV, and mortality. suPARnostic is a prognostic test used to detect suPAR levels in blood plasma.

text: Limitations[edit]

text: Depending on the marker, it can take between 2 and 24 hours for the level to increase in the blood. Additionally, determining the levels of cardiac markers in the laboratory - like many other lab measurements - takes substantial time. Cardiac markers are therefore not useful in diagnosing a myocardial infarction in the acute phase. The clinical presentation and results from an ECG are more appropriate in the acute situation.

text: However, in 2010, research at the Baylor College of Medicine revealed that, using diagnostic nanochips and a swab of the cheek, cardiac biomarker readings from saliva can, with the ECG readings, determine within minutes whether someone is likely to have had a heart attack[citation needed].

text:
Comparison of cardiac markers over time

Comparison of cardiac marker in the first hours after chestpain onset and the relative concentration.

Comparison of cardiac marker in the first hours after chestpain onset and the multiples of the cutoff.

Kinetics of cardiac markers in myocardial infarction with or without reperfusion treatment.