document_title: Cowboys–Redskins rivalry

question_text: when was the last time the cowboys played the redskins on thanksgiving

text: Cowboys–Redskins rivalry

text: Beginning[edit]

text: Texas oil tycoon Clint Murchison, Jr. was having a hard time bringing a National Football League team to Dallas, Texas. He tried buying two teams, but the negotiations fell through. In 1958, Murchison heard that George Preston Marshall, owner of the Washington Redskins, was eager to sell the team. Just as the sale was about to be finalized, Marshall called for a change in terms. Murchison was outraged and canceled the whole deal.[8]

text: Around this time, Marshall had a falling out with the Redskin band director, Barnee Breeskin. Breeskin had written the music to the Redskins fight song, now a staple at the stadium; additionally, Marshall's wife penned the lyrics to the song.[8] Breeskin wanted revenge after the failed negotiations with Marshall. He approached Tom Webb, Murchison's lawyer, and sold the rights for $2,500.[8]

text: Murchison then decided to create his own team, with the support of NFL expansion committee chairman, George Halas. Halas decided to put the proposition of a Dallas franchise before the NFL owners, which needed to have unanimous approval in order to pass. The only owner against the proposal was George Preston Marshall. However, Marshall found out that Murchison owned the rights to Washington's fight song, so a deal was finally struck. If Marshall showed his approval of the Dallas franchise, Murchison would return the song. The Cowboys were then founded and began playing in 1960.[8]

text: To build the roster of an expansion team, Dallas was allowed to pick certain players from certain teams per League rules. In addition to selecting 3 players from the Redskins roster, the Cowboys traded their first round (#2-Norm Snead) and sixth round (#72-Joe Krakoski) draft choices in the 1961 NFL Draft to the Redskins in exchange for Pro Bowl quarterback Eddie LeBaron,[9] convincing him to come out of retirement to become the franchise's first starting quarterback.

text: First Few Games[edit]

text: Though both teams would become juggernauts in the National Football League, the beginning of the rivalry was not all that exciting. The first game took place in Griffith Stadium on October 9, 1960 and was won by the Redskins. It was the only game they would win that year. The Cowboys would go winless that season. The Redskins would win two of the first four and tied the two others.

text: Cowboy Chicken Club[edit]

text: In December 1961, an unknown number of Cowboys fans snuck into D. C. Stadium, armed with bags of chicken feed.[8] When Alaskan snow dogs were to drag Santa Claus onto the field during the halftime show, the pranksters would unleash dozens of hungry chickens onto the field – 75 white, one black.[10] The significance of the black chicken was to symbolize how Marshall was the only owner in the league who would not recruit an African-American football player; Marshall stating, "We'll start signing Negroes when the Harlem Globetrotters start signing whites."[11]

text: The chickens fit into two large crates, which were smuggled into the stadium the morning of the game. The chickens and the smugglers went unspotted until halftime, when a stadium usher noticed a man guarding the crates and heard the chickens. Though the guard tried to bribe the official with $100, he was quickly reported and arrested, and the chickens confiscated. As it turned out, the "official" was actually Redskins general manager Dick McCann.

text: The following year and the night before the third Redskins-Cowboys match-up in less than a year, pranksters sneaked into Marshall's hotel suite and dropped off a large turkey in the bathroom. When Marshall went into the bathroom, the turkey puffed up and gobbled at him, causing Marshall to flee his room. "Chickens are nice", Marshall said, "but a man shouldn't fool with a mad turkey."

text: Just minutes before kickoff, while "Hail to the Redskins" blared throughout the stadiums, four banners reading "CHICKENS" – one at each 50-yard line and one in each end zone center – were unfurled in the stadium's upper decks.[8] Two acrobats, hired by Cowboys fans and Chicken Club founders Bob Thompson and Irv Davidson (along with the University of Maryland students with the banners) rushed onto the field dressed in chicken costumes and began to throw colored eggs.[8] One was apprehended by a guard, but the other proved to be too elusive. By this time, the band was playing the National Anthem, therefore unable to move. The lone chicken-acrobat reached into this bag and released a chicken, then returned to his egg-throwing. Running to a sideline, he then attempted to leave the stadium by jumping over a bench, but slipped.

text: A group of security guards then apprehended him, but he was able to break free. He made it back to the 50-yard line, turned a cartwheel, then ran and flopped onto the 30-yard line. By this time, only aware that the National Anthem was over, the two teams rushed onto the field in the middle of the chaos. In the midst of the ruckus, the man made it off the field and into the stands. Although the real chicken was caught, the acrobat-chicken was never apprehended.[8]

text: The next day, while reporting the 38-10 Cowboys victory, the Dallas News scoring summary ended with, Attendance-49,888 (and one chicken).[8]

text: 1965 – 1967[edit]

text: From 1965 through 1967, the Redskins and Cowboys, led by Sonny Jurgensen and Don Meredith respectively, played four games against each other that produced a combined total of 222 points with only ten points of overall difference between the two teams.

text: November 28, 1965, DC Stadium: The Cowboys quickly took a 21-0 lead on a pass play, a running play and a 60-yard fumble recovery. Despite Jurgensen's 26-yard touchdown pass to Charley Taylor, the fans in the stands called for him to be benched in favor of second-string quarterback Dick Shiner. However, Jurgensen then drove the Redskins down field for a second touchdown to cut the Cowboys lead to 24-13. They then scored a rushing touchdown to make it 24-20. But just when the Redskins were gaining momentum, Meredith tossed a 53-yard scoring touch to Frank Clarke. Jurgensen was then able to throw another touchdown pass to Bobby Mitchell to make it 31-27. The Redskins got the ball back on their 20-yard line with less than two minutes to go. After working his way down the field, Jurgensen passed to tight end Angelo Coia to give the Redskins their first lead, 34-31, with about one minute to play. But Meredith was not done either. He drove the Cowboys to the Redskins 37-yard line with seven seconds to go. Danny Villanueva was then brought in and attempted a tying field goal, but it was blocked by Redskins defensive back Lonnie Sanders. Final: Redskins, 34 – Cowboys, 31

text: November 13, 1966, DC Stadium: In the second quarter with the score 7-6 Dallas, Meredith threw a 52-yard touchdown to Bob Hayes, followed in the third quarter with a 95-yard repeat, making the score 21-7. Then Washington scored three consecutive times with Jurgensen's 4-yard pass to Jerry Smith and 78-yard pass to Charley Taylor, followed by a Charlie Gogolak field goal, giving them the lead, 23-21. Meredith then drove the Cowboys down field to set up a one-yard touchdown run by Dan Reeves. But the Redskins matched their score on a drive ending with Jurgensen's 18-yard scoring pass to Taylor, making it 30-28. Meredith got the ball back with no timeouts and the Redskins playing deep prevent. Somehow, he was able to drive them to the Redskins 33. The Redskins mounted a strong pass rush to push the Cowboys out of field goal range. But apparently it was too strong. Meredith was hit just as he scrambled out of bounds. The penalty put the Cowboys on the Redskins 12 for an easy Villanueva field goal. Final: Cowboys, 31–Redskins, 30

text: December 11, 1966, The Cotton Bowl: The Redskins took a 10-7 lead at the half after linebacker John Reger recovered a block punt and ran it in for a score. But Danny Villanueva then kicked a tying 26-yard field goal for the Cowboys and Bob Hays caught a 23-yard pass for the 17-10 lead. The Redskins tied it up on Bobby Mitchell's 11-yard reception from Jurgensen. The Cowboys regained the lead when Dan Reeves broke for a 67-yard touchdown run, making it 24-17. But the Redskins then drove the field and scored on Jurgensen's 11-yard pass to Jerry Smith, only to have the Cowboys regain the lead with a six-yard touchdown run by Don Perkins, making it 31-24. Jurgensen was then able to hit Charlie Taylor with a 65-yard touchdown pass that Taylor caught between two defenders, tying the game. After good defense, the Redskins got the ball back with two minutes to go. Starting at their 46-yard line, Redskins running back A. D. Whitfield ran right for a 30-yard gain that set up Charlie Gogolak's winning field goal. Final: Redskins, 34 – Cowboys, 31

text: October 8, 1967, DC Stadium: The Redskins led 14-10 with 70 seconds to go in the fourth quarter. The Cowboys took possession on their 29-yard line. On fourth down with 23 seconds remaining, Meredith hit an open Dan Reeves who beat out linebacker Chris Hanburger to score, making it 17-14. After the kick-off with seven seconds to go, Jurgensen pitched a long pass to Charley Taylor, but he was tackled at the Cowboys 20-yard line as time ran out. Final: Cowboys, 17 – Redskins, 14

text: Washington would win the rematch in Dallas that season, 27-20, but the Cowboys closed out the decade with four straight wins over the Redskins. In the late 60's the Redskins hired Vince Lombardi to try to stop ex-Giants coordinator Tom Landry. Lombardi's 7-5-2 record with the Redskins was the team's first winning season in 14 years, but he was still swept by the Cowboys. Lombardi's untimely death in 1970 froze Redskins development for two seasons.

text: The rivalry was in full-swing by 1971, when Washington hired George Allen as head coach. During the 1972 season, Allen's Redskins met Dallas three times en route to a date with the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl VII. This is how the season progressed.

text: After a losing season in 1970, the Redskins' hired George Allen from the Los Angeles Rams. As the 1972 football season approached, preseason predictors were touting the Cowboys, who had defeated the Dolphins, 24-3 in the previous Super Bowl, to again win the NFC East.

text: The sixth game of the season brought the Cowboys to Washington, D.C. Both teams came into the game with a 4-1-0 record. Sonny Jurgensen was Washington's starting quarterback, with Billy Kilmer benched after a previous loss. Craig Morton was the Cowboys' quarterback while the injured Roger Staubach watched from the sideline. Despite Washington's home-field advantage, the Cowboys were favored by a touchdown.

text: A field goal and a Morton touchdown pass gave Dallas a 10-0 lead at the end of the first quarter, which was extended to 13-0 in the second period. Jurgensen led a Washington drive that climaxed with a pass to Larry Brown for a touchdown, but at the half the Redskins trailed by six points. Another seven points were added to the lead in the third quarter when Walt Garrison scored a touchdown. But then, Larry Brown broke a run for 34 yards and a touchdown to bring the score to 20-14. Curt Knight kicked a 42-yard field goal to make it 20-17. Charley Harraway ran for 13 yards to make the score 24-20, Redskins on top. During this offensive scoring period, the Over-the-Hill Gang defense shut down the Cowboys. At the end, Washington had defeated the Cowboys and was in possession of first place in the NFC East.

text: Now with two games remaining, Washington was 11-1 and had clinched the NFC East title. An ensuing loss to the Cowboys (34-24) was meaningless. It was the first time since the NFL went to a divisional format in 1967 that the Cowboys had not won their division.

text: The playoffs in 1972 pitted Washington against the Green Bay Packers. The final score was Washington 16, Green Bay 3. The victory sent the Redskins to the NFC Championship Game against the Cowboys who entered the playoffs as a wild-card entry. The Cowboys, who had been runner-up to the Redskins in the regular season defeated the NFC West champions, the San Francisco 49ers, 30-28.

text: The game was played in Washington. Staubach was back for the Cowboys, and Dallas fans were thrilled to have him. But Billy Kilmer for the Redskins was the better quarterback that day. After a field goal got the scoring started, Kilmer connected with Charley Taylor on a 15-yard touchdown pass and Washington had a 10-3 lead at halftime. In the fourth quarter, Kilmer again went to Taylor, this time for a 45-yard touchdown. Knight added three more field goals that period and the Over-the-Hill Gang defense allowed only a second-quarter field goal. The final score was Washington 26, Dallas 3.

text: 1973 Redskins 14, Cowboys 7[edit]

text: Roger Staubach had won back the quarterback job after missing most of the 1972 season with a shoulder injury, but Tom Landry pulled him in the third quarter when he missed an important signal and was sacked by the Redskins defense. Dallas led 7-0 when Staubach was replaced by Craig Morton. Late in the fourth quarter, the game was tied 7-7 when Redskins defender Brig Owens picked off Morton's errant pass and raced 26 yards to score a touchdown. The Cowboys threatened in the last seconds to tie the game, but Ken Houston tackled Walt Garrison on the one-yard line as time ran out, preserving the Redskins win.

text: 1974 Thanksgiving Day Game[edit]

text: On November 28, 1974, the Redskins were 8-3 and ready to secure a playoff berth with a win against the Cowboys (6-5) in a nationally televised game in Dallas. With less than ten minutes to go in the third quarter, Washington was leading 16-3, when Redskins linebacker Dave Robinson knocked Roger Staubach out of the game. Rookie Clint Longley led the Cowboys to a last-minute come-from-behind victory, throwing a 50-yard touchdown pass to Drew Pearson with 28 seconds left. The final score was Cowboys 24, Redskins 23.

text: The Redskins were stunned. "I don't have very much to say", coach George Allen said when it was over. "It was probably the toughest loss we ever had."[12]

text: 1979 season-ending game[edit]

text: December 16, 1979: The NFC East Division Championship and home field advantage on the line for both teams. This set the stage for the regular season finale against Washington; the winner would capture the NFC East title while the loser missed the playoffs. In the game, Texas Stadium fans were treated to one of Staubach's greatest comebacks. The Cowboys trailed 17-0, but then scored three touchdowns to take the lead. Led by running back John Riggins, the Redskins came back to build a 34-21 lead, but the Cowboys scored 2 touchdowns in the final five minutes — including a Staubach touchdown pass to Tony Hill with less than a minute remaining — for an amazing 35-34 victory. In the week leading up to the game, Cowboys’ defensive end Harvey Martin received a funeral wreath, supposedly sent by the Redskins. He kept it in his locker all week for motivation and after the win, he raced into Washington's locker room, opened the door and heaved it into the room, breaking up a team prayer. Adding insult to injury, the Chicago Bears defeated the St Louis Cardinals 42-6, the Redskins lost the tie breaker to the Bears for the last Wild Card spot.[13]

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Jan. 22, 1983, NFC Championship Game at RFK Stadium, the Redskins defeated the Cowboys to earn a trip to Super Bowl XVII. Prior to the game the stadium physically shook as a capacity crowd of 54,000 chanted "We Want Dallas!" The game is best remembered for the quarterback hit by Redskins defensive end Dexter Manley that sent Cowboys' quarterback Danny White into the locker room shortly before halftime knocking him out for the rest of the game, and defensive tackle Darryl Grant's interception return for a 10-yard touchdown of a Gary Hogeboom pass tipped by Manley to score the decisive points. John Riggins rushed for 140 yards and two touchdowns on 36 carries as the Redskins defeated the Cowboys 31-17. The Redskins went on to defeat Miami for their first Super Bowl championship.
Before a sold-out 1983 season opener on Monday Night Football, the Redskins were leading the visiting Cowboys 23–3 going into halftime. Danny White's second half comeback erased the lead and the Cowboys took an improbable 31–30 victory.
The second 1983 regular season meeting between the Redskins and Cowboys at Texas Stadium was more remembered for an infamous play by the Cowboys than it was for the game's outcome. On a 4th down and 1 play, Danny White was attempting to draw the Redskins offside by using hard counts, thereby giving the Cowboys a first down and keeping their drive going. But the Redskins' defense never moved and Danny White ran a play that resulted in a loss of yards, turning the ball over to the Redskins on downs. During the replay, coach Tom Landry was simultaneously shown yelling, "No, Danny, no!" from the sidelines (undoubtedly wanting White to call a time out to punt the ball). After the play, Landry was shown shaking his head in disgust. The Redskins went on to win, 31-10.
On December 9, 1984, down 21-6 at halftime, the Redskins scored 17 unanswered points on turnovers to take a 23-21 lead going into the fourth quarter. They came back to defeat the Cowboys, 30-28. Coupled with the 34-14 win earlier in the year, the Redskins enjoyed their first season sweep of the Cowboys in series history.
On September 9, 1985, the season opener of Monday Night Football was played at Texas Stadium. The Cowboys secondary, nicknamed "Thurman's Thieves", intercepted Redskins quarterback Joe Theismann five times. Redskins coach Joe Gibbs would pull Theismann from the game in the 4th Quarter due to his poor performance. To rub salt in the wound, fans at Texas Stadium began singing "Happy Birthday" to Theismann as he sat on the bench staring straight ahead (the game took place on Theismann's birthday). The Cowboys went on to win in a blowout, 44-14.
1987-Scab Game: No team in the NFL had more players cross the picket line during the 1987 strike than the Cowboys, who were 2–0 with their "scab" players entering a game with the Redskins on Monday Night Football. Washington had also won their two games during the strike, but without any veterans. For this game the Cowboys had Danny White, Randy White, Tony Dorsett, Ed Jones among other veterans, but were upset by the replacement Redskins players, 13-7, in a game former Washington head coach Joe Gibbs called "one of my greatest experiences and wins." The Redskins finished 3–0 with the replacements, the strike ending the following week. The Redskins would go on to win Super Bowl XXII later that season. In 2000 Warner Bros. made a movie loosely based on the 1987 Redskins, The Replacements.
On December 11, 1988, the Cowboys upset the reigning Super Bowl champion Redskins at RFK stadium, 24-17, ending any shot the Redskins had of making the playoffs. Rookie and eventual hall of fame wide receiver, Michael Irvin was the big star of the game with three touchdown catches. This game would prove to be the final victory for legendary Dallas Cowboys head coach Tom Landry.
The Cowboys lone victory of their woeful 1-15 season in 1989 would come on November 5 against the Redskins at RFK Stadium, 13–3. Ultimately this loss coupled with a last second loss to the Philadelphia Eagles where Gerald Riggs fumbled the football at the Eagles' goal line with less than a minute remaining in the game prevented the 10–6 Redskins from making the playoffs for the second straight year. The Redskins led the Eagles 37-35 at the time when Riggs was stripped and the football was returned 96 yards to the Redskins' 4-yard line. The Eagles scored a touchdown and won the football game 42-37.

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On November 24, 1991, the 6–5 Cowboys handed the then unbeaten 11–0 Redskins their first defeat and their only defeat at home that season, 24–21. Despite the loss the Redskins would finish 14–2 and go on to win the Super Bowl XXVI. The Cowboys, motivated by the victory, would reel off a 6-game win streak, finishing 11–5; Cowboys owner Jerry Jones would later tell The Washington Post that he believed this victory was a key turning point in the Cowboys' transformation into the dominant team they would become for much of the decade.[14]
On September 7, 1992, in front a nationally televised Monday night audience, the Cowboys, led by Emmitt Smith's 140 yards rushing, handed the defending Super Bowl champion Redskins an embarrassing 23–10 loss at Texas Stadium in their first game of the season.
On December 13, 1992, the defending Super Bowl champion Redskins stunned the eventual Super Bowl champion Cowboys 20–17 in Washington thanks to Safety Danny Copeland's fourth quarter recovery of a Troy Aikman/Emmitt Smith fumble in the end zone. This game would prove to be Hall of Fame Head Coach Joe Gibbs' final victory at RFK Stadium.
On September 6, 1993, in front of a nationally televised Monday night audience, the Redskins gained revenge for their opening week Monday night loss of a year before by defeating the defending Super Bowl champion Cowboys 35–16 at RFK to earn Richie Petitbon his first victory in his first game as a head coach.
On the day after Christmas, 1993, the Cowboys would gain revenge for their opening week loss by defeating the Redskins 38–3 at Texas Stadium. The Cowboys' 35 point margin of victory is the largest margin of victory by either team in the rivalry's history. The Cowboys would eventually close out the season with their second straight Super Bowl championship while the Redskins would finish 4–12, their worst regular season record since 1963, the Bill McPeak era.
On December 22, 1996, the Redskins defeated the Cowboys 37–10 in the final game played at RFK Stadium, the Redskins home for the last 36 years. The Cowboys rested their starters during this game.
In the first game of the 1999 season, the Redskins opened a 35–14 lead. Then Dallas scored three touchdowns during the final 11 minutes of regulation time. The Redskins botched a last-second field goal attempt and the game went to overtime. A play-action pass four minutes into overtime to Raghib Ismail fooled Redskins safety Matt Stevens, and won the game for the visiting Cowboys. This game took place during the middle of a 10-game win streak in the series by the Cowboys, the longest by either team during the tenure of this rivalry.

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In Week 6 of the 2001 season, the two teams met in a Monday Night Football matchup. What made that particular game unique was that both teams entered the game 0-4, a MNF first. Dallas won 9-7, and won the rematch as well.
In the 2002 regular season finale, Washington finally ended an 11-game losing streak to the Cowboys, defeating them 20-14. The win allowed Washington to finish 7-9, while Dallas finished 5-11 for the third straight year. Cowboys coach Dave Campo was fired following the 2002 season.
Week 2 of the 2005 season, the Redskins were at Dallas where Emmitt Smith, Troy Aikman, and Michael Irvin were inducted into the Cowboys' "Ring of Honor" with a pre-game and halftime ceremony. Throughout a poorly played game, Dallas kept the Redskins out of the endzone, and led 13–0 with less than 4 minutes left. It was at that point that the Redskins, led by quarterback Mark Brunell, took the lead thanks to two long touchdown passes to Santana Moss to win the game.
Week 15 of the 2005 season saw the Redskins' largest margin of victory against the Cowboys in a 35-7 blowout. The Cowboys lone touchdown came in the fourth quarter after Washington was already ahead 35-0. The victory gave Washington its first sweep against Dallas since the 1995 season. Dallas eventually finished 9-7, while Washington won its last two games to secure the final NFC wildcard playoff berth.
In Week 9 of the 2006 season, during the fourth quarter, the game was tied 19–19 (due in part to a missed two-point conversion by the Cowboys). With 31 seconds to go, the Redskins' recently acquired kicker, Nick Novak, missed a 49-yard field goal wide right. The Cowboys then worked their way up the field to set up Mike Vanderjagt, the most accurate kicker in NFL history, for a 35-yard field goal with only seconds left. However, the kick was blocked by Troy Vincent, a safety who had been picked up by the Redskins off waivers earlier that week. The ball was scooped up by the Redskins' free safety, Sean Taylor, who ran it back to the Cowboys' 44-yard line, where the Cowboys' offensive lineman Kyle Kosier grabbed him by his facemask in an attempt to tackle him. The game would have gone into overtime had it not been for Kosier's defensive penalty, which added fifteen yards to the end of the return (by rule an NFL game cannot end on a defensive penalty). Novak set up for a 47-yard field goal with no time left on the clock. Despite the recent missed field goal, Novak was able to make this field goal to give the Redskins a victory.
On November 18, 2007, the Cowboys beat the Redskins 28–23 with Terrell Owens gaining 173 yards on eight catches and four touchdowns. In the final game of that same season with the Cowboys already owning the NFC #1 seed, rested several key players due to injury including Owens, and limited Tony Romo to only one series into the second half in order to prevent possible injury before the playoffs. The Redskins defeated the Cowboys 27–6 at FedExField, earning Washington the NFC's final playoff spot.
On September 28, 2008, the Redskins beat the Cowboys 26–24 in the final Redskins/Cowboys game at Texas Stadium.
On November 16, 2008, the Cowboys returned the favor of the 2005 Week 2 game defeat. Darrell Green and Art Monk were honored before the game for their recent induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In a game that was highly touted for the return of Tony Romo, the Cowboys defense held the Redskins to ten points while the Cowboys scored 14.
December 27, 2009, the Cowboys shutout the Redskins 17-0. This marked the third time the Cowboys have blanked the Redskins. Washington has never shutout Dallas.

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September 12, 2010, the Redskins beat the Cowboys. One of the game's highlights was a Fumble return for a TD for the Redskins as time expired in the first half. Late in the fourth quarter, Tony Romo led the team down the field. With three seconds on the clock and the score 13-7, Romo made a touchdown pass to wide receiver Roy Williams that would've at least tied the game, depending on the PAT. However, the touchdown was negated due to a holding call against Alex Barron as time expired, and Washington held on to win.
December 19, 2010, marked the 100th meeting between the two clubs. The Cowboys built a 20-7 lead by halftime. By the end of the third quarter the Cowboys led 30-14. The Redskins started quarterback Rex Grossman who filled in for the recently benched Donovan McNabb and he brought the Redskins back to an even 30-30 with minutes left to play. Cowboys kicker David Buehler kicked a 39-yard field goal to put Dallas up 33-30 with 50 seconds to play. Rex Grossman then drove the Redskins down the field only to be intercepted by cornerback Terrence Newman to end the game. Dallas' Jason Witten caught 10 passes for 140 yards and a touchdown, and became only the fourth tight end in NFL history with 600 career catches. He did it the fastest, needing only 125 games.
September 26, 2011, prior to the game, the Redskins gathered in the middle of the field at Cowboys Stadium where several players were seen to be "stomping on the Star." London Fletcher was also overheard proclaiming to his team, "Why are we standing on this star? Cuz this is our house." Tony Romo overcame 4 botched snaps and several receivers running wrong routes to put the Cowboys within scoring position for the final field goal to ultimately win the game.
November 22, 2012, In quarterback Robert Griffin III's first start against the Cowboys, the Redskins defeated the Cowboys 38-31 at Cowboys Stadium. After the Redskins built a 28-3 lead, Dallas quarterback Tony Romo led the Cowboys to within seven but it proved too little too late as the Redskins held on to win. This marked the first time the Redskins had won at Cowboys Stadium as well as the first time Washington had defeated the Cowboys on Thanksgiving, previously 0-5 to their archrival on Thanksgiving Day. Robert Griffin III completed 19 of 27 passes for 304 yards and had 4 touchdown passes and 1 interception on his way to winning the Galloping Gobbler Award issued to the player deemed to have had the best performance in the game. Alfred Morris also had 113 yards rushing on 24 carries and 1 touchdown while the Redskins defense intercepted two passes from Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo and sacked him a total of three times.
December 30, 2012 – In the last game of the 2012 NFL season the Redskins met the Cowboys in a prime time game on NBC Sunday Night Football at Fed Ex Field to decide the winner of the NFC East division. Three interceptions by Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo doomed the Cowboys. The Redskins defense, led by London Fletcher's eleven total tackles, two sacks, and one pass defensed, confused and rattled Romo all game long. The Redskins defense had two sacks and three interceptions in the game with the final one being the most costly, with Dallas trailing 21-18 late in the fourth quarter from the Cowboys own 29-yard line. Romo threw a pass to the flat intended for Cowboys running back DeMarco Murray which was intercepted by Redskins outside linebacker Rob Jackson. The Redskins offensive line only gave up one sack and held Cowboys defensive stalwart DeMarcus Ware, who was playing with a hurt shoulder and elbow, to zero sacks and just one assisted tackle. Redskins rookie running back Alfred Morris rushed for 200 yards and three touchdowns on 33 carries, the last coming with one minute left, effectively putting the game out of reach (the referee initially called a fumble and Cowboys recovery, but reversed his ruling once convinced by the side judge that, as replays would clearly show,[15] Morris had crossed the goal line before losing the ball). The 28-18 win gave the Redskins their first playoff appearance since 2007 and their first NFC East title since 1999 while also preventing the Cowboys from making the playoffs.
December 22, 2013 – The Cowboys were up 14-6 at halftime but fumble recovery by the Redskins and a 3rd quarter interception by Romo along with a field goal led to the Redskins being up 23-14 at the start of the 4th quarter. The Cowboys converted on a 4th and 6 Romo pass to Cole Beasley to eventually give them a field goal by Dan Bailey. With Dallas trailing 23-17 and Tony Romo hobbling from a severe back injury that would ultimately end his season, the Cowboys would have one last drive to win this game. With 3:39 left, Romo connected with rookie Terrance Williams for a 51-yard pass to deep into Redskins territory. Another pass from Romo to Dez Bryant got them into the Red Zone. With less than 90 seconds remaining in regulation and on a 4th and goal play from the 12 yard line, Romo threw a 10-yard pass to DeMarco Murray to score a touchdown and make the game 24-23. Kirk Cousins, starting for a shutdown Robert Griffin III, got the ball back with 1:04 left to go but couldn't get a first down after 4 attempts which clinched the game for the Cowboys.
October 27, 2014 – The Cowboys came into the Monday Night Football showdown with the Redskins on a six-game winning streak. Both teams had a shaky first half, with both teams combining for 3 turnovers in the half. Despite 2 fumbles, the Cowboys took a 7-3 lead into halftime. After halftime, the Redskins drove down the field and scored on a 5-yd run by Alfred Morris to make it 10-7. When Tony Romo left the game in the third quarter with a back injury, Brandon Weeden came in to lead the Cowboys to a field goal by Dan Bailey. The Redskins then scored on a Colt McCoy touchdown run with 13:38 left in the 4th to retake the lead 17-10. Dallas would score on the next possession in the game as Weeden threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Jason Witten to make the score 17-17 with 9:27 left in the game. Romo would then make his return to the game in the last possession in the 4th but both teams failed to score again in regulation. The Redskins would score first in overtime with a Kai Forbath 41-yd field goal to make it 20-17. The Cowboys would be stopped on four down in their overtime drive to secure a Redskins victory.
December 28, 2014 – The Cowboys, now the NFC East champions, ran over the Redskins in the last game of the season 44-17. The Redskins only lead of the game came after a DeSean Jackson 69-yard touchdown catch from Robert Griffin III to make it 7-3. Tony Romo would then throw 2 touchdown passes to Dez Bryant to make it 17-7. The Redskins would cut a 27-7 lead down to 27-17 but the Cowboys would score 17 straight points in the last 3:31 to conclude a 12-4 season and split the season series with the Redskins.
December 7, 2015 – In their 17th meeting all-time on Monday Night Football, the Redskins and Cowboys both entered with losing records, but were still very much alive in the weak NFC East. Both teams traded field goals throughout the majority of the game with it being tied 9-9 with 1:30 left. On a punt return, Redskins wide receiver DeSean Jackson fumbled the ball, which was recovered by Dallas. This led to the Cowboys only touchdown when Darren McFadden ran it in from six yards to make it 16-9 with 1:14 left. The Redskins quickly recovered as Jackson would catch a 28-yard TD pass from QB Kirk Cousins with 44 seconds left to tie it at 16-16. Dallas would drive down the field however, and Dan Bailey would hit a 54-yard FG to win the game 19-16 for Dallas.
September 18, 2016 – Both teams came into their week 2 match-up having lost their season openers (the Cowboys losing by 1 to the Giants and the Redskins blown out by the Steelers). Dallas started hot, getting a field goal and a TD run by rookie running back Ezekiel Elliott on their first two possessions to take a 10-0 lead into the 2nd quarter. The Redskins responded with a Matt Jones touchdown to make it 10-7, and both teams traded field goals to make it 13-10 at halftime. The Redskins came out hot in the third quarter, with Kirk Cousins throwing an 11-yard touchdown to Jamison Crowder. Dallas rookie QB Dak Prescott, who like Elliott was playing in his first game in the rivalry, responded with a 6-yard touchdown run to help Dallas retake the lead at 20-17. The Redskins got two field goals to make it 23-20 and were about to make it a potential two-score game in the fourth quarter, but Cousins threw a crucial interception in the endzone. That proved costly as Alfred Morris, the former Redskin, scored a 4-yard touchdown to make the score 27-23 Dallas, and the Redskins failed to score on their final two possessions.
November 24, 2016 – This would be the 8th time the Cowboys and Redskins have faced off for the annual Thanksgiving Day event hosted in Dallas. The Redskins offense led by Kirk Cousins with 449 yards (8 yards shy of a career best) would light up the air attack against a porous Dallas secondary. However, failing to convert key drives into touchdowns, missing two field goals, a questionable onside kick attempt, and the inability to stop the Dallas Cowboys 4th ranked offense in the 4th quarter would be too much for the Redskins to overcome. The Cowboys rolled to a then franchise best 10th win in a row with an easy 31-26 victory. The Cowboys–Redskins rivalry was rekindled between Josh Norman and Dez Bryant as both clashed several times during the game and both coaches were warned by referees about their antics. Immediately after the game, both players would go to helmet to helmet while exchanging shoves and taunts. During an interview Dez Bryant added fuel to fire by saying, "Washington needs to get their money back...I honestly feel like the guy is extremely soft." 2016 would also be the 18th time the Cowboys have swept the two-game regular season series. Washington has swept the Cowboys only 6 times.
October 29, 2017 – The Redskins and Cowboys entered their first matchup in 2017 both at 3-3 and behind the Eagles by 3.5 games in the division. In a rainy, washout game, the Cowboys would win 33-19 for their third straight win of the season. Ezekiel Elliot fumbled on the first play of the game, which led to a Redskins field goal and 3-0 lead. The Cowboys answered with an Elliot touchdown to take a 7-3 lead. The Redskins came back with 10 unanswered points to take a 13-7 lead, but momentum shifted when the Cowboys blocked a Nick Rose FG attempt and returned it inside the Redskins 10 yard line. The Cowboys then scored 19 unanswered points to take a 26-13 lead late in the fourth, with Elliot's second TD coming right after the blocked FG. The Redskins would score a touchdown yet miss an extra point to make the score to 26-19 and give them a chance, but Kirk Cousins had yet another untimely turnover as he threw an Interception that was returned for a touchdown with 21 seconds left to seal the Cowboys victory. With the win, the Cowboys secured their 10th victory against the Redskins this decade, and have now won at least 10 games against the Redskins in every decade of this rivalry
November 30, 2017 - Former Redskin running back, Alfred Morris, rumbled for 127 yards while subbing for the suspended 2016 rushing champion Ezekiel Elliot. Redskin hopes were all but doomed after Kirk Cousins' pension for turnovers continued with two interceptions and a lost fumble on the day. This win for the Cowboys marked the 19th time the Cowboys have swept the two-game regular season series, compared to only six by the Washington franchise.

text: Rivalry off the field[edit]

text:
On December 19, 2005, Dallas Mavericks guard Darrell Armstrong was fined $1,000 for grabbing a microphone before a game against the Minnesota Timberwolves at the American Airlines Center and yelling "How 'bout those Redskins!" Only a few hours prior, the Cowboys had been routed by the Redskins 35-7, in the most lopsided loss of Bill Parcells's coaching career. Armstrong was raised in North Carolina as a Redskins fan.[16]
Dallas coach Tom Landry appeared in a 1980s American Express TV commercial in which he visits an Old West-style saloon and makes the statement, "You never know when you'll be surrounded by Redskins". Several large men dressed in Redskins uniforms encircled Landry, who addressed them with, "Howdy!" After the credit card sales pitch was read, the ad returned to the scene where Landry, as he recites the company's slogan, "Don't leave home without it", leaves the saloon and the Redskins follow him out. The saloon doors knock the Redskins backwards as they swing shut.[17]
After Tom Landry was fired as Cowboys coach by new Cowboys owner Jerry Jones in 1989, Landry appeared in another TV commercial for Choice Hotels, in which he states that he feels so great being out of football that he might take up a new career. Landry then pulls out a guitar and sings the Waylon Jennings/Willie Nelson classic, "Mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be", and after a pause, sings, "Redskins!" In the commercial's closing tag, Landry quips, "You didn't think I would say 'Cowboys', did ya?"
In 2017, the animosity between Cowboys wide receiver Dez Bryant and Redskins cornerback Josh Norman was made into series of commercials for the Samsung Galaxy Note 8. In the first commercial, Norman is asked by reporters about a picture he posts on Twitter that shows Bryant's hands replaced with sticks of butter and a picture in which he says "I'm Better Than Dez Bryant." Dez Bryant responded with his own commercial, where he says he's taking the high road when talking about Norman but draws Norman on a snail, indicating he's slow, and another drawing of the Redskins cornerback as a blanket, meaning Norman can't cover him.

text: Rivalry statistics[edit]

text:
Cowboys wins
Redskins wins
Ties
Cowboys points
Redskins points

Regular season
70
42
2
2,594
2,162

Postseason
0
2
0
20
57

Totals
70
44
2
2,614
2,219

text: Rivalry statistics by decade[edit]

text:
Cowboys wins
Redskins wins
Ties
Cowboys points
Redskins points

1960's
10
7
2
522
448

1970's
12
9
0
478
371

1980's
11
9
0
394
389

1990's
12
8
0
483
387

2000's
14
6
0
373
310

2010's
10
5
0
383
343

Totals
70
44
2
2,647
2,238

text: Game results[edit]

text: The following is a list of results from all of the meetings between the Cowboys and Redskins from their first meeting on October 9, 1960, to the most recent game on December 1, 2016.

text:
Cowboys victory

Redskins victory

Tied game

Post season meeting

Overtime result

text: 1960s (Cowboys 10–7–2)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

1960
October 9
Washington Redskins
26–14
Dallas Cowboys
Griffith Stadium
1–0–0 WSH

1961
November 19
Tie
28–28
Tie
Cotton Bowl
1–0–1 WSH

December 17
Washington Redskins
34–24
Dallas Cowboys
D.C. Stadium
2–0–1 WSH

1962
September 16
Tie
35–35
Tie
Cotton Bowl
2–0–2 WSH

November 10
Dallas Cowboys
38–10
Washington Redskins
D.C. Stadium
2–1–2 WSH

1963
September 29
Washington Redskins
21–17
Dallas Cowboys
D.C. Stadium
3–1–2 WSH

November 3
Dallas Cowboys
35–20
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
3–2–2 WSH

1964
September 20
Dallas Cowboys
24–18
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
3–3–2

November 22
Washington Redskins
28–16
Dallas Cowboys
D.C. Stadium
4–3–2 WSH

1965
September 26
Dallas Cowboys
27–7
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
4–4–2

November 28
Washington Redskins
34-31
Dallas Cowboys
D.C. Stadium
5–4–2 WSH

1966
November 13
Dallas Cowboys
31–30
Washington Redskins
D.C. Stadium
5–5–2

December 11
Washington Redskins
34–31
Dallas Cowboys
Cotton Bowl
6–5–2 WSH

1967
October 8
Dallas Cowboys
17–14
Washington Redskins
D.C. Stadium
6–6–2

November 19
Washington Redskins
27–20
Dallas Cowboys
Cotton Bowl
7–6–2 WSH

1968
November 17
Dallas Cowboys
44–24
Washington Redskins
D.C. Stadium
7–7–2

November 28
Dallas Cowboys
29–20
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
8–7–2 DAL

1969
November 16
Dallas Cowboys
41–28
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
9–7–2 DAL

December 21
Dallas Cowboys
20–10
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
10–7–2 DAL

text: 1970s (Cowboys 12–9)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

1970
November 22
Dallas Cowboys
45–21
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
11–7–2 DAL

December 6
Dallas Cowboys
34–0
Washington Redskins
Cotton Bowl
12–7–2 DAL

1971
October 3
Washington Redskins
20–16
Dallas Cowboys
Cotton Bowl
12–8–2 DAL

November 21
Dallas Cowboys
13–0
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
13–8–2 DAL

1972
October 22
Washington Redskins
24–20
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
13–9–2 DAL

December 9
Dallas Cowboys
34–24
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
14–9–2 DAL

December 31
Washington Redskins
26-3
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
14–10–2 DAL

1973
October 8
Washington Redskins
14–7
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
14–11–2 DAL

December 9
Dallas Cowboys
27–7
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
15–11–2 DAL

1974
November 17
Washington Redskins
28–21
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
15–12–2 DAL

November 28
Dallas Cowboys
24–23
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
16–12–2 DAL

1975
November 2
Washington Redskins
30–24 (OT)
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
16–13–2 DAL

December 13
Dallas Cowboys
31–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
17–13–2 DAL

1976
October 31
Dallas Cowboys
20-7
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
18–13–2 DAL

December 12
Washington Redskins
27–14
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
18–14–2 DAL

1977
October 16
Dallas Cowboys
34–16
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
19–14–2 DAL

November 27
Dallas Cowboys
14–7
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
20–14–2 DAL

1978
October 2
Washington Redskins
9–5
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
20–15–2 DAL

November 23
Dallas Cowboys
37–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
21–15–2 DAL

1979
November 18
Washington Redskins
34–20
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
21–16–2 DAL

December 16
Dallas Cowboys
35–34
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
22–16–2 DAL

text: 1980s (Cowboys 11–9)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

1980
September 8
Dallas Cowboys
17–3
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
23–16–2 DAL

November 27
Dallas Cowboys
14–10
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
24–16–2 DAL

1981
September 6
Dallas Cowboys
26–10
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
25–16–2 DAL

November 22
Dallas Cowboys
24–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
26–16–2 DAL

1982
December 5
Dallas Cowboys
24–10
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
27–16–2 DAL

1983
January 22
Washington Redskins
31–17
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
27–17–2 DAL

September 5
Dallas Cowboys
31–30
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
28–17–2 DAL

December 11
Washington Redskins
31–10
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
28–18–2 DAL

1984
October 14
Washington Redskins
34–14
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
28–19–2 DAL

December 9
Washington Redskins
30–28
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
28–20–2 DAL

1985
September 9
Dallas Cowboys
44-14
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
29–20–2 DAL

November 10
Dallas Cowboys
13–7
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
30–20–2 DAL

1986
October 12
Dallas Cowboys
30–6
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
31–20–2 DAL

November 23
Washington Redskins
41–14
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
31–21–2 DAL

1987
October 19
Washington Redskins
13-7
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
31–22–2 DAL

December 13
Washington Redskins
24–20
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
31–23–2 DAL

1988
October 9
Washington Redskins
35–17
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
31–24–2 DAL

December 11
Dallas Cowboys
24–17
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
32–24–2 DAL

1989
September 24
Washington Redskins
30–7
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
32–25–2 DAL

November 5
Dallas Cowboys
13–3
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
33–25–2 DAL

text: 1990s (Cowboys 12–8)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

1990
September 23
Washington Redskins
19–15
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
33–26–2 DAL

November 22
Dallas Cowboys
27–17
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
34–26–2 DAL

1991
September 9
Washington Redskins
33–31
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
34–27–2 DAL

November 24
Dallas Cowboys
24–21
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
35–27–2 DAL

1992
September 7
Dallas Cowboys
23–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
36–27–2 DAL

December 13
Washington Redskins
20–17
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
36–28–2 DAL

1993
September 6
Washington Redskins
35–16
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
36–29–2 DAL

December 26
Dallas Cowboys
38–3
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
37–29–2 DAL

1994
October 2
Dallas Cowboys
34–7
Washington Redskins
RFK Stadium
38–29–2 DAL

November 20
Dallas Cowboys
31–7
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
39–29–2 DAL

1995
October 1
Washington Redskins
27–23
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
39–30–2 DAL

December 3
Washington Redskins
24–17
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
39–31–2 DAL

1996
November 28
Dallas Cowboys
21–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
40–31–2 DAL

December 22
Washington Redskins
37–10
Dallas Cowboys
RFK Stadium
40–32–2 DAL

1997
October 13
Washington Redskins
21–16
Dallas Cowboys
Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
40–33–2 DAL

November 16
Dallas Cowboys
17–14
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
41–33–2 DAL

1998
October 4
Dallas Cowboys
31–10
Washington Redskins
Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
42–33–2 DAL

December 27
Dallas Cowboys
23–7
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
43–33–2 DAL

1999
September 12
Dallas Cowboys
41–35 (OT)
Washington Redskins
Jack Kent Cooke Stadium
44–33–2 DAL

October 24
Dallas Cowboys
38–20
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
45–33–2 DAL

text: 2000s (Cowboys 14–6)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

2000
September 18
Dallas Cowboys
27–21
Washington Redskins
FedExField
46–33–2 DAL

December 10
Dallas Cowboys
32–13
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
47–33–2 DAL

2001
October 15
Dallas Cowboys
9–7
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
48–33–2 DAL

December 2
Dallas Cowboys
20–14
Washington Redskins
FedExField
49–33–2 DAL

2002
November 28
Dallas Cowboys
27–20
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
50–33–2 DAL

December 29
Washington Redskins
20–14
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
50–34–2 DAL

2003
November 2
Dallas Cowboys
21–14
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
51–34–2 DAL

December 14
Dallas Cowboys
27–0
Washington Redskins
FedExField
52–34–2 DAL

2004
September 27
Dallas Cowboys
21–18
Washington Redskins
FedExField
53–34–2 DAL

December 26
Dallas Cowboys
13–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
54–34–2 DAL

2005
September 19
Washington Redskins
14–13
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
54–35–2 DAL

December 18
Washington Redskins
35–7
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
54–36–2 DAL

2006
September 17
Dallas Cowboys
27–10
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
55–36–2 DAL

November 5
Washington Redskins
22–19
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
55–37–2 DAL

2007
November 18
Dallas Cowboys
28–23
Washington Redskins
Texas Stadium
56–37–2 DAL

December 30
Washington Redskins
27–6
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
56–38–2 DAL

2008
September 28
Washington Redskins
26–24
Dallas Cowboys
Texas Stadium
56–39–2 DAL

November 16
Dallas Cowboys
14–10
Washington Redskins
FedExField
57–39–2 DAL

2009
November 22
Dallas Cowboys
7–6
Washington Redskins
Cowboys Stadium
58–39–2 DAL

December 27
Dallas Cowboys
17–0
Washington Redskins
FedExField
59–39–2 DAL

text: 2010s (Cowboys 11–5)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Location
Series

2010
September 12
Washington Redskins
13–7
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
59–40–2 DAL

December 19
Dallas Cowboys
33–30
Washington Redskins
Cowboys Stadium
60–40–2 DAL

2011
September 26
Dallas Cowboys
18–16
Washington Redskins
Cowboys Stadium
61–40–2 DAL

November 20
Dallas Cowboys
27–24 (OT)
Washington Redskins
FedExField
62–40–2 DAL

2012
November 22
Washington Redskins
38–31
Dallas Cowboys
Cowboys Stadium
62–41–2 DAL

December 30
Washington Redskins
28–18
Dallas Cowboys
FedExField
62–42–2 DAL

2013
October 13
Dallas Cowboys
31–16
Washington Redskins
AT&T Stadium
63–42–2 DAL

December 22
Dallas Cowboys
24–23
Washington Redskins
FedExField
64–42–2 DAL

2014
October 27
Washington Redskins
20–17 (OT)
Dallas Cowboys
AT&T Stadium
64–43–2 DAL

December 28
Dallas Cowboys
44–17
Washington Redskins
FedExField
65–43–2 DAL

2015
December 7
Dallas Cowboys
19–16
Washington Redskins
FedExField
66–43–2 DAL

January 3
Washington Redskins
34–23
Dallas Cowboys
AT&T Stadium
66–44–2 DAL

2016
September 18
Dallas Cowboys
27-23
Washington Redskins
FedEx Field
67–44–2 DAL

November 24
Dallas Cowboys
31-26
Washington Redskins
AT&T Stadium
68–44–2 DAL

2017
October 29
Dallas Cowboys
33-19
Washington Redskins
FedEx Field
69–44–2 DAL

November 30
Dallas Cowboys
38-14
Washington Redskins
AT&T Stadium
70–44–2 DAL

text: Monday Night Football[edit]

text: The Cowboys and Redskins met for the 17th time on Monday Night Football in 2015, tied with the Denver Broncos and Oakland Raiders for the most frequent pairing in Monday Night Football history. The series has been played nine times at Washington's home field (five times at RFK Stadium and four times at FedExField) and eight times at Dallas' home field (six at Texas Stadium and twice at AT&T Stadium).

text: MNF (Cowboys lead 9–8)[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Result
Location

1973
Washington Redskins
14–7
Washington, D.C.

1978
Washington Redskins
9–5
Washington, D.C.

1980
Dallas Cowboys
17–3
Washington, D.C.

1983
Dallas Cowboys
31–30
Washington, D.C.

1985
Dallas Cowboys
44–14
Irving, Texas

1987
Washington Redskins
13–7
Irving, Texas

1991
Washington Redskins
33–31
Irving, Texas

1992
Dallas Cowboys
23–10
Irving, Texas

1993
Washington Redskins
35–16
Washington, D.C.

1997
Washington Redskins
21–16
Landover, Maryland

2000
Dallas Cowboys
27–21
Landover, Maryland

2001
Dallas Cowboys
9–7
Irving, Texas

2004
Dallas Cowboys
21–18
Landover, Maryland

2005
Washington Redskins
14–13
Irving, Texas

2011
Dallas Cowboys
18–16
Arlington, Texas

2014
Washington Redskins
20–17 (OT)
Arlington, Texas

2015
Dallas Cowboys
19–16
Landover, Maryland


document_title: Legend of the Rainbow Warriors

question_text: which novel inspired the creation of the greenpeace organization

root

text: Legend of the Rainbow Warriors

text: Origins[edit]

text: The modern story has been misrepresented as ancient prophecy. While this falsification may have been done consciously by the creators of the story, those who pass the story on may sincerely believe the story is authentic. This phenomenon is an example of what scholar Michael I. Niman calls "fakelore."[1]

tag: p

text: While there are variations on the theme, especially as it has become popularized in Internet memes, the common thread in all versions of the story is that a time of crisis will come to the Earth, that people of many races will come together to save the planet, and it is always erroneously credited as being a Native American or First Nations prophecy: "It is said there will be a time when the trees are dying, blah, blah, blah. There will be a tribe of people who come and save the Earth and they will be called the Rainbows."[1] Some modern versions of the fictitious story specifically state that this new "tribe" will inherit the ways of the Native Americans, or that Native ways will die out to be replaced by the new ways of the "Rainbow" people.[4]

text: The legend said [the Native Americans] would also be joined by many of their light-skinned brothers and sisters, who would in fact be the reincarnate souls of the Indians who were killed or enslaved by the first light-skinned settlers. It was said that the dead souls of these first people would return in bodies of all different colours: red, white, yellow and black. Together and unified, like the colours of the rainbow, these people would teach all of the peoples of the world how to have love and reverence for Mother Earth, of whose very stuff we human beings are also made.[4]

text: Warriors of the Rainbow relates these fictitious "Indian" prophecies to the Second Coming of Christ and has been described as purveying "a covert anti-Semitism throughout, while evangelizing against traditional Native American spirituality."[2]

text: The book The Greenpeace Story, states that Greenpeace co-founder Bob Hunter was given a copy of Warriors of the Rainbow by a wandering dulcimer maker in 1969 and he passed it around on the first expedition of the Don't Make a Wave Committee, the precursor of Greenpeace.[5] The legend inspired the name of three Greenpeace ships, Rainbow Warrior, used in environmental protection protests as well as the name of the hippie group, the Rainbow Family.

text: Native American author and poet Sherman Alexie has addressed this belief in the "inner Indian" and the ways "American whites have co-opted Indian culture,"[6] notably in his poem, "How to Write the Great American Indian Novel":

text:
White people must carry an Indian deep inside themselves.
If the interior Indian is male
then he must be a warrior, especially if he is inside a white man.
...
In the Great American Indian novel, when it is finally written,
all of the white people will be Indians and all of the Indians will be ghosts.[7]

text: Response[edit]

text: In 2015, a group of Native American academics and writers issued a statement against the Rainbow Family members who are "appropriating and practicing faux Native ceremonies and beliefs. These actions, although Rainbows may not realize, dehumanize us as an indigenous Nation because they imply our culture and humanity, like our land, is anyone’s for the taking." The signatories specifically named this misappropriation as "cultural exploitation."[8]

text: a group that cites a fictitious “Native American prophecy” as informing their self-identification as “warriors of the rainbow” and willfully appropriates Native cultural practices, is not only adventurist and dangerous, but offensive to many of us who advance and continue to defend the spiritual, the cultural, the sacred, and, most importantly, the political vitality and vision of the Oceti Sakowin.[8]


document_title: Sheldon Cooper

question_text: what town in texas is sheldon cooper from

text: Sheldon Cooper

text: Creation and casting[edit]

text: The character of Sheldon Cooper was inspired by a computer programmer personally known to series co-creator Bill Prady.[11] He is named in honor of actor/producer Sheldon Leonard[12] and Nobel Prize Laureate Leon Cooper.[13] Chuck Lorre originally intended Johnny Galecki to play the role, but Galecki thought he would be "better suited" for the character of Leonard.[14] Lorre said that when Jim Parsons auditioned for the role, he was "so startlingly good" that he was asked to reaudition "to make sure he hadn't gotten lucky".[15] Sheldon is one of four characters to appear in every episode of the series, along with Leonard, Howard, and Raj.

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Early life[edit]

text: Sheldon was raised in Galveston, Texas[16] along with his elder brother, George Jr., and fraternal twin sister, Missy, by his mother, Mary Cooper, an overtly devout Baptist; and George Cooper, an alcoholic who was rarely around.[17] Sheldon once got his father fired when he told Mr. Hinckley, a store owner, that George was stealing from the cash register.[18] In Young Sheldon, this is retconned: his father is a football coach who was fired from his coaching position in Galveston because he disclosed that other coaches were illegally recruiting players to their school, forcing the family to return to Medford. He does drink, mostly beer, but is a loving father who is trying to understand his intellectually gifted son. The only member of his family to have actively encouraged his work in science was his grandfather, whom he cherished and affectionately called "Pop-Pop", and who died when Sheldon was five years old. Pop-Pop's loss is what caused Sheldon to despise Christmas when his Christmas wish to bring Pop-Pop back didn't come true. Sheldon's closest relative is his maternal grandmother whom he affectionately calls "Meemaw", and who in turn calls him "Moon Pie".[19] His aunt also encouraged Sheldon by giving him medical equipment, "in case his work in physics failed, he'd have a 'trade' to fall back on".

text: Sheldon was interested in science from an early age, and was a child prodigy,[20] although due to his behavioral quirks and his lack of humility about his superior intellect, he was bullied by classmates and neighbors. Sheldon entered college at the age of eleven,[21] and at age fourteen he graduated from college summa cum laude.[22] (To this day, the college he went to for undergraduate studies has yet to be revealed, but he feels it is superior to his fellow Big Bang Theory colleagues' alma maters of Princeton (Leonard), MIT (Howard) and Harvard (Amy) - however, it is implied in "The Tam Turbulence" that Sheldon is a Caltech alumnus.) From then, he worked on his doctorate, was a visiting professor at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, was the youngest person at the time to receive the Stevenson Award,[3] and has appeared on the cover of Journal of Physical Chemistry A.[23] Sheldon is now a theoretical physicist doing research at Caltech, although he stated in Young Sheldon that he couldn't see himself living in California due to their carefree lifestyle.

text: Personality[edit]

text: Sheldon is often described as a stereotypical "geek". He is usually characterized as being extremely intelligent, detail-oriented, eccentric, and occasionally disturbing. Despite his intelligence, he often displays childlike qualities, such as extreme stubbornness and a lack of common sense. It is claimed by Bernadette that the reason Sheldon is sometimes unpleasant is because the part of his brain that tells him it is wrong to be nasty is "getting a wedgie from the rest of his brain", although, in season 8's "The Space Probe Disintegration",[24] Sheldon tearfully admits to Leonard that he is aware of his peculiarities and how his behavior comes across. The first four episodes of The Big Bang Theory portray Sheldon slightly inconsistently with respect to his later characterization, in which he is depicted as rather witty and sarcastic, and slightly flirtatious towards Penny in the pilot episode: according to Prady, the character "began to evolve after episode five or so and became his own thing".[25]

text: Sheldon possesses an eidetic memory and an IQ of 187,[26] although he claims his IQ cannot be accurately measured by normal tests.[27] He originally claimed to have a master's degree and two doctoral degrees, but this list has increased.[28][29] Sheldon has an extensive general knowledge in many subjects including physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, cosmology, algebra, calculus, economics, computers, vexillology, engineering, history, geography, linguistics, football, trains, Star Trek and in addition to being fluent in Klingon, has some knowledge of Finnish, Hindi and Mandarin.[30] He also shows great talent in music, knowing how to play the piano (as does Parsons in real life), the bongos, the recorder, theremin (which Parsons learned to play in real life), showing some skill in Tuvan throat singing and also having perfect pitch.[31]  Although his friends have similar intellects to him, his eccentricities, stubbornness, and lack of empathy often frustrate them. Sheldon occasionally uses slang (in a very unnatural fashion), and follows jokes with his catchphrase "Bazinga!" which is now an officially registered trademark of Warner Bros.[32][33] He is uncomfortable with human physical contact and has germophobia, which makes his exceptionally rare hugs extremely awkward and painful-looking. He also has hemophobia.[34] Sheldon has difficulty coping when asked to keep a secret, when he is interrupted, or when he hears arguing.[35][36][37] He is also a notary public and uses his knowledge in law and contracts usually for his own advantage and is always distressed when challenged in a legal aspect that he cannot logically defend. In his mannerisms, Sheldon also shows symptoms associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Whenever approaching a person's home, he must knock three times, then say the person's name, and must repeat this at least three times (where "The first one is traditional, but two and three are for people to get their pants on"), as a result of him walking in on his father with another woman when he was thirteen.[38] Upon entering a person's home, he must select the proper seat before sitting down. When it is suggested by Penny that he "just sit anywhere", his response is "Oh, no, if only it were that simple!" This extends to his inability to accept change. His rigidity in maintaining homeostasis often causes him frustration. Because of his rigidity and stubbornness, only his mother and Bernadette[39] – both possessing strong maternal personalities – have shown the ability to order him to do things.

text: Like his friends, Sheldon is fond of comic books (especially the DC Universe), costumes, video games, roleplaying games, tabletop games, collectible card games, and action figures. Sheldon has restraining orders from his heroes Leonard Nimoy, Carl Sagan, and Stan Lee,[40][41][42][43] as well as television scientist Bill Nye.[44] Sheldon often wears vintage T-shirts adorned with superhero logos.  One of his shirts is emblazoned with the number 73, and in the episode "The Alien Parasite Hypothesis" he explains that 73 is the 21st prime number, its mirror, 37, is the 12th prime number and its mirror (21) is the product of multiplying 7 and 3, also in binary, 73 is 1001001, a palindrome. The boys use video games like bowling and archery for "exercise" and use the traditional sport rules.

text: Sheldon has sometimes shown empathy, including lending money to Penny without expecting it back quickly (although that may just have been his logical Spock-like response to a problem to be solved; it was, after all, money he was not using and would not miss[45]) and driving her to a hospital when her shoulder was dislocated.[46] Since season 10, his empathy skills have improved to the extent that he goes out of his way to pamper his fiance Amy. Sheldon admits he is overly fond of koalas munching on eucalyptus so much that he has a facial expression that he refers to as his koala face.[47] He dislikes gifts, because the "social contract" in his view creates either a debt or burden on the receiver of the gift which will not stop until one of the two involved in the "gift-relationship" dies leaving the other either in debt or with an undue surplus.[48] Sheldon also does not take drugs, not even legal ones such as caffeine, due to a promise to his mother, and is hypersensitive when he accidentally consumes them.[49][35] It has been shown, however, that alcohol often causes Sheldon to loosen up significantly,[3] although it will also cloud his judgment – on occasion, after drinking alcoholic drinks (both deliberately and accidentally), he has done things that he would never do while sober, such as singing out loud,[50] mooning an audience full of people,[22] confronting Wil Wheaton,[51], leaving wildly inappropriate voicemails after "drunk dialling" Stephen Hawking, and affectionately slapping Amy's rear.[52]

text: In response to criticism from his friends that he is mentally ill, Sheldon often retorts, "I'm not crazy; my mother had me tested" – which his mother has confirmed to be true (once while wishing she had gone through with a follow-up examination).[53][54][55]

text: Family[edit]

text: Sheldon contrasts strongly with his family, who are neither scientists nor intellectuals. His father George died before the start of The Big Bang Theory, when Sheldon was 14,[56] while his mother Mary is a devout born-again Christian and loving parent. Sheldon has two siblings: a twin sister, Missy, who is a tall, attractive brunette as an adult; and an older brother,[57] George Jr., who owns a tire store chain headquartered in Dallas called Dr. Tire[58]. The adult Sheldon has stated that both Missy and George Jr. beat up Sheldon during their childhoods, and their mother describes them to be "dumb as soup".[59]  In the pilot episode of The Big Bang Theory, Sheldon tells Leonard that DNA is not a guarantee of an intelligent offspring as he himself is a theoretical physicist and his twin sister is a hostess at Fuddruckers. Sheldon is very fond of his maternal grandmother, whom he calls "Meemaw" and who calls him "Moon Pie".[60] He called his grandfather, who died when Sheldon was five, "Pop Pop".[61] Sheldon was also very close to his grandfather, stating once that his grandfather is the only relative he had who encouraged him to become involved in science.

text: Sheldon has a maternal uncle, Edward, who is called "Stumpy" as the result of a time when he cleaned a wood chipper by hand. He also has a maternal aunt, Charlene, which was revealed in Young Sheldon when his mother told Meemaw that she made dinner for “Charlene and Edward” more times than her. Sheldon had another uncle, named Carl Cooper, who was killed by a badger while cleaning a chimney and another uncle that may have done things to children that were legal in Oklahoma per "The Clean Room Infiltration".

text: In "The Engagement Reaction", Sheldon mentions that his aunt Ruth died a week after being infected by a pathogen she contracted in the hospital where she visited Sheldon's uncle Roger, and that their ashes are now stored in a coffee can on Sheldon's mother’s mantle.

text: In the Young Sheldon episode "Vanilla Ice Cream, Gentleman Callers, and a Dinette Set", it is revealed that Sheldon has children in the future.

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Sheldon's closest friends are Leonard Hofstadter, Howard Wolowitz, and Raj Koothrappali. Of the three, Sheldon is openly dismissive of Howard and constantly opines that a master's degree in engineering demonstrates a lesser intellect than that of the others, who all possess science doctorates. Despite that, Sheldon has referred to Howard as a "treasured acquaintance"[62] and later his friend[63] at various points. Sheldon constantly belittles Leonard and dismisses his work, yet at the same time considers Leonard his best friend, as they used to live together and can tolerate each other: in "The Space Probe Disintegration", Sheldon admits to Leonard that he is aware of how difficult he can be, and tearfully expresses his gratitude for having Leonard in his life in spite of himself, causing Leonard to break down beside him. Prady stated that "the fact that, despite everything, Leonard considers Sheldon his best friend reminds us of Sheldon's essential humanity".[64] Sheldon can only handle having a limited number of friends in his life at a time, but later shows flexibility when he accepts Bernadette and Amy as part of the social group. In season 6, the guys ask if comic book store owner Stuart can be part of the group while Howard is in space.[65]

text: Despite Penny's neither being a scientist nor sharing many of the group's interests,[66] and having constant fights with Sheldon in the early episodes, they become close friends.[67] While some fans support a romantic relationship between Sheldon and Penny,[68][69] Lorre has stated his opposition to it by saying: "We've stumbled into creating a character who has chosen a lifestyle for himself that is unique. And I don't see any reason to modify it."[70]

text: It has been speculated that Sheldon may be asexual or aromantic. Series co-creator Chuck Lorre said: "Part of what's wonderful and unique about [Sheldon] is he has chosen not to play in the relationship game either way  – heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, any sexuality."[70] This is referenced in "The Cooper-Nowitzki Theorem", when Sheldon unknowingly attracts the attention of grad student Ramona Nowitzki, and Penny, seeing this, asks his friends what his "deal" (i.e., sexual orientation) is, to which Leonard responds, "Honestly, we've been operating under the assumption that he has no 'deal'."

text: In the season 3 finale, Howard and Raj blackmail Sheldon into meeting Amy Farrah Fowler, with whom they matched him on a dating website. After some obnoxious comments about the dating website, Sheldon finds that Amy agrees with him, and he grows fond of her when she says that "Any or all physical contact up to and including coitus are off the table". Their relationship continues in season 4, although Sheldon often points out that they are not in a romantic relationship. The two enjoy intellectual games they create, and Amy and Sheldon openly express the same type of intellectual superiority.[71]

text: In season 5, when Leonard inadvertently implies that he and Amy may have had sex after a wedding reception that they both attended, Sheldon unexpectetdly reacts violently, karate-chopping Leonard's neck while telling Leonard "She is not for you... not for you!"[72] Later, Sheldon formally asks Amy to be his girlfriend in "The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition". During their relationship, Amy begins a campaign to give Sheldon more attention to increase his feelings for her by embracing his interests.[73] As they watch Howard being launched into space in its season finale, Amy is surprised when Sheldon takes her hand for emotional support.[74]

text: During the first half of season 6, in "The Parking Spot Escalation" and "The Fish Guts Displacement", Sheldon is pushed further after seeing Amy partially exposed and taking care of her while she is ill respectively. In "The Cooper/Kripke Inversion", after being directly asked by Penny if he would ever have sex with Amy, Sheldon admits to Penny and Leonard that a physical relationship with Amy is a possibility, and being touched is something he is working on. While upset about Kripke, Amy does give him a consoling hug that Sheldon seems to need, and want. Even so, Amy has offered other romantic physical contact, and was very uncomfortable when they had to cuddle. In "The Spoiler Alert Segmentation", Leonard temporarily moves out and Amy proposes that she would be his perfect roommate and tries to move in, though Sheldon is uncomfortable with this change in their relationship. While playing Dungeons and Dragons during "The Love Spell Potential", Sheldon's and Amy's characters are commanded to have sex within the game. A very upset Amy asks Sheldon if they are ever going to be intimate and he again admits that it is a possibility.

text: In season 7, Sheldon passionately kisses Amy on the lips for the first time. Initially to prove a point, he later prolonged it, implying he enjoyed the feeling.[75] Later episodes showed him willingly kissing Amy, implying he has gotten more comfortable in such a position of physical intimacy.

text: The ultimate proof of Sheldon having feelings for Amy is given in the season 8 episode "The Prom Equivalency", when he finally admits being in love with her: "I love you too. There's no denying I have feelings for you that can't be explained in any other way. I briefly considered I had a brain parasite, but that seems even more far-fetched. The only conclusion was love." In the season 8 finale, "The Commitment Determination", Sheldon and Amy get into a fight over their definition of "commitment".  Sheldon feels his relationship with Amy is going fast on its own, but Amy argues he is taking things too slowly and does not properly bestow on her unlimited affection. By the episode's end she has decided to take a break from their relationship while Sheldon is left numb from Amy's revelation. He glumly reveals that he had been planning on proposing to Amy with his grandmother's ring, a family heirloom.

text: In the season 9 premiere, Sheldon keeps pushing Amy to make up her mind about their relationship, but goes too far and insults her to her face and she angrily breaks up with him for good, thus officially ending their relationship. In "The Platonic Permutation" Amy offers Sheldon to get back together with her after spending time together in an aquarium at Thanksgiving, but sadly learns that he simply just wants to be her friend, with him revealing to her that "I excel at many things, but getting over you wasn't one of them". In "The Earworm Reverberation", Sheldon can't get a song out his head, but after suddenly remembering the title and the lyrics, he realizes that the song was about Amy and that she changed his life for the better, which prompts him to go to her apartment to profess his love. He finds Amy on a date with Dave, who has a great adoration for Sheldon because of his intellect. Seeing how much they love each other, Dave gleefully urges Sheldon to kiss Amy, leading to their reunion. In the following episode, "The Opening Night Excitation" Leonard, Howard and Raj go to see Star Wars: The Force Awakens without Sheldon as while he was initially reluctant, ultimately opted to celebrate Amy's birthday with her instead. To make Amy's birthday enjoyable and memorable, Sheldon seeks out Penny and Bernadette as he respects their opinions regarding all things socially appropriate.  He reveals to them that he has narrowed things down to three options, the first being a chance to play the harp with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the second being an all-expense paid trip to the Wisconsin Sheep and Wool Festival (though Amy would have to go alone because Sheldon's ornithophobia is nothing compared to his ovinaphobia), and the third being the two of them engaging in coitus, at which point Penny squeezes and shatters the wine glass in her hand due to disbelief and/or shock. After Penny and Bernadette convince him that finally being intimate with her is the most beautiful gift that he could give to her, Sheldon and Amy have sex for the first time on the latter's birthday.

text: In season 10, Sheldon and Amy move in together for a five-week experiment to test out their compatibility,[76] and after its successful run, decide to move in together permanently.[5] In its season finale, Sheldon unexpectedly proposes to Amy after being hit on by Ramona Nowitzki. In the eleventh season premiere, Amy accepts his proposal, and they marry in the season finale.[77]

text: He once idolized fictional prodigy Wesley Crusher from Star Trek: The Next Generation, portrayed by Wil Wheaton, until Wheaton did not show up at a convention attended by Sheldon in 1995. Sheldon had spent 15 hours on a bus travelling to the convention during which time he was forced to break his rule about urinating in a moving vehicle. After this moment Wil Wheaton became number six on Sheldon's mortal enemy list (a list he started when he was 9 on a 5¼-inch floppy disk). Wheaton was one of Sheldon's mortal enemies, along with his coworkers Barry Kripke and Leslie Winkle. Later, Wheaton managed to patch things up with Sheldon, only to inadvertently pass the enemy list spot to Brent Spiner.[78] Sheldon would later resume his enmity with Wheaton in season 11's "The Proton Regeneration" when they compete for the lead role in an Internet reboot of Sheldon's childhood favorite science TV series, Professor Proton, and Wheaton gets the part: however, when he sees how well Wheaton plays the role and on the advice of Howard, he apologizes to him.

text: Reception and legacy[edit]

text: General[edit]

text: Parsons' portrayal of Sheldon has received widespread acclaim, and is often cited as the main reason for the program's success by critics and fans alike.[79][80][81] James Chamberlin of IGN wrote: "It's hard to imagine what The Big Bang Theory would be if it weren't for Jim Parsons' great portrayal of Sheldon Cooper".[82] Matt Roush of TV Guide stated that "there's a spark of divine inspiration in Jim Parsons' uproarious Sheldon Cooper".[83] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote that: "Parsons is doing something rare on network TV: making intellectualism admirable, even heroic".[9]

text: On July 16, 2009, Parsons was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.[84] He was nominated again for the same award on July 8, 2010, and eventually won the award on August 29, 2010.[85] On August 1, 2009, he won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy, with the show itself winning the award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy for season 2.[86] He was nominated again for the same award in 2010 and 2012. Parsons was also nominated for the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor[87] and a Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2009, 2010, and 2012.[88] On January 16, 2011, Parsons won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, presented by co-star Kaley Cuoco, for his work on seasons 3 and 4. On June 20, 2011, he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards for his work on season 4, and was nominated again for the same award in 2012. On September 18, 2011, he won his second consecutive Primetime Emmy Award - Lead Actor in Comedy, and was nominated again for the same award on July 19, 2012. In 2013, Parsons was nominated once again for the Golden Globe and received his first nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series.  In 2013 & 2014, Parsons was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award - Lead Actor in Comedy for the 5th and 6th time, respectively, both of which he won for his 3rd and 4th Primetime Emmy Awards - Lead Actor in a Comedy Series meaning that Parsons had won this award 4 times in the last 5 years, including back-to-back in 2010/2011and 2013/2014.  No actor, in the history of this award has won back-to-back awards on two separate occasions, and his total of 4 awards puts Parsons in a four-way tie at the top with comedy legends Carroll O'Connor, Kelsey Grammer, and Michael J. Fox.

text: The asteroid 246247 Sheldoncooper was named after Sheldon.[89] In 2012, a newly discovered species of bee was named Euglossa bazinga, after the character's noted catch phrase, "Bazinga!"[90]

text: In March 2013, the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium named a black-and-white colobus after Sheldon.[91] In 2015, a new echinocaridid phyllocaridan from the Lower Devonian of central-eastern Poland, was named Ptychocaris sheldoni after Sheldon.[92]

text: Asperger syndrome[edit]

text: Some viewers have asserted that Sheldon's behavior is consistent with Asperger syndrome.[8][10][93][94] The writers have stated that they did not use Asperger syndrome as a basis for the character, but instead thought of his actions as "Sheldony".[93] Series co-creator Bill Prady stated: "We write the character as the character. A lot of people see various things in him and make the connections. Our feeling is that Sheldon's mother never got a diagnosis, so we don't have one."[25] Prady also told Alan Sepinwall of the New Jersey Star-Ledger that while Sheldon shares traits with people with Asperger's, he was uncomfortable labeling Sheldon as having Asperger's.[95]

text: In an interview, Jim Parsons noted the writers' response, but added that, in his opinion, Sheldon "couldn't display more traits" of Asperger's.[93][96] Parsons, who plays Sheldon, has read John Elder Robison's memoir Look Me in the Eye about his life with Asperger syndrome, and said that: "A majority of what I read in that book touched on aspects of Sheldon." He also stated that "the way his brain works, it's so focused on the intellectual topics at hand that thinking he's autistic is an easy leap for people watching the show to make".[97]

text: When another actor on the series, Mayim Bialik, who plays Amy and has a Ph.D. in Neuroscience, was interviewed by Neil deGrasse Tyson on StarTalk, she said of the theory that Sheldon has Asperger's: "All of our characters are in theory on the neuropsychiatric spectrum, I would say. Sheldon often gets talked about in terms of Asperger’s or OCD. He has a thing with germs, he has a thing with numbers, he’s got a lot of that precision that we see in OCD. There’s a lot of interesting features to all of our characters that make them technically unconventional socially.... And what we’re trying to show with our show is that this is a group of people who likely were teased, mocked, told that they will never be appreciated or loved, and we have a group of people who have successful careers, active social lives (that involve things like Dungeons and Dragons and video games), but they also have relationships, and that’s a fulfilling and satisfying life.”[98]


document_title: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe

question_text: who built the basilica of our lady of guadalupe

text: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe

text: History[edit]

text: A nearby chapel was built on the sacred site devoted to a temple for Tonantzin Coatlaxopeuh, an important mother goddess, after the Spanish conquerors destroyed the temple.

text: Pilgrimages have been made to this shrine almost uninterrupted since 1531-32. In the latter year, a shrine had been constructed at the foot of Tepeyac Hill, which served the people for ninety years. It was adapted as part of the parochial sacristy of the new basilica. In 1622 a rich shrine was erected; a newer one, much richer, in 1709. Other structures of the eighteenth century connected with it are a parish church, a convent and church for Capuchin nuns, a well chapel, and a hill chapel. About 1750 the shrine got the title of collegiate, and a canonry and choir service were established. In 1754 it was aggregated to the Basilica of St. John Lateran. In 1904 it was designated as a basilica.

text: Old basilica[edit]

text: Officially known as the "Templo Expiatorio a Cristo Rey," the first structure of the old basilica was begun in 1695 and it was not finished until 1709. The major architect was Pedro de Arrieta. It is characterized by its doric interior and marble statues of Fray Juan de Zumárraga, archbishop at the time it was started, and Juan Diego, the peasant who saw the vision of the Virgin Mary. These are featured in the altarpiece that originally held the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe. (That altarpiece matches a similar one in the older chapel higher on the hill, which features the archangels Gabriel and Michael). The church was granted basilica status by Pope Pius X in 1904.

text: The icon of Juan Diego's cloak was housed in this church from 1709 to 1974. In 1921 a bomb planted in a flower vase near the altar by an anticlerical terrorist exploded, causing great damage to the interior of the building. (In memory of this incident, the New Basilica displays an iron crucifix called "the attempt on Christ".) The cloak survived undamaged.

text: As much of Mexico City was built on a former lake, the land was unstable and the old basilica was sinking. A new, more spacious basilica was built. The old one was closed for many years and repairs have recently finished. It is open to the public and perpetual adoration is held there. It is a very important place for Mexico City.

text: Modern basilica[edit]

text: The present church was constructed on the site of an earlier 16th-century church that was finished in 1709, the Old Basilica. When this basilica became dangerous due to the sinking of its foundations, a modern structure called the New Basilica was built next to it; the original image of the Virgin of Guadalupe is now housed in this New Basilica. Built between 1974 and 1976, the new Basilica has a circular floorplan so that the image of the Virgin can be seen from any point within the building. The circular structure is 100 meters (330 ft) in diameter and can accommodate up to 10,000 people. The choir is located between the altar and the churchgoers to indicate that it, too, is part of the group of the faithful. To the sides are the chapels of the Santisimo and of Saint Joseph. It has 9 chapels on the upper floor. Under the main floor are the Basilica's crypts, with 15,000 niches and 10 chapels. Its seven front doors are an allusion to the seven gates of Celestial Jerusalem referred to by Christ. In the Sanctuary grounds where the new Basilica is located there are also many other buildings, including the original chapel on the exact site of the apparitions to Juan Diego (Capilla del Cerrito) and the Old Basilica consecrated in 1709, as well as other chapels where Masses and other sacraments of the Church are celebrated daily.

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Old Basilica

Pocito Chapel

Capuchin Nuns' Temple

Image of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the New Basilica

tag: ul

text:
Part of a series on the

Mariology
of the Catholic Church

Virgo by Josef Moroder-Lusenberg

Overview[show]

Prayers
Antiphons
Hymns to Mary
Devotional practices

Prayers[show]

Angelus
Fátima Prayers
Flos Carmeli
Hail Mary
Hail Mary of Gold
Immaculata prayer
Magnificat
Mary, Mother of Grace
Mary Our Queen
Memorare
Sub tuum praesidium

Antiphons[show]

Alma Redemptoris Mater
Ave Maris Stella
Ave Regina Caelorum
Salve Regina

Hymns to Mary[show]

Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star
Immaculate Mary
Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming
O Sanctissima
Regina Coeli
Stabat Mater

Devotional practices[show]

Acts of Reparation
Consecration to Mary
First Saturdays
Rosary
Seven Joys of the Virgin
Seven Sorrows of Mary
Three Hail Marys
Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Catholicism portal

v
t
e

tag: table


document_title: FedEx Cup

question_text: when did tiger woods win the fedex cup

question_tokens: when did tiger woods win the fedex cup

text: FedEx Cup

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: The PGA Tour adjusted the rules around the FedExCup in each of the two years after its introduction in 2007. Each set of changes was introduced to address issues that arose the previous year, particularly with the playoffs portion of the FedExCup:

text:
In February 2008, the changes were designed to allow more golfers a chance to improve their positions on the points list as the playoffs progress. The changes involve a tightening of the playoff reset points and awarding more points to playoff participants. This is effectively a penalty on those players who skip a playoff event.[1]
In November 2008, the changes were designed to help ensure that the championship would not be won until every golfer who qualified finished playing the final playoff event. This resulted from the fact that Vijay Singh had accumulated enough points through the first three playoff events in 2008 to guarantee that he would win the Cup without finishing the final event.[2]
In 2013, FedExCup points began to determine the 125 golfers who would retain their PGA Tour playing privileges (popularly known as "tour cards") for the following season.[3] Previously, this was determined by position on the tour's money list at the end of the year.

text: Format[edit]

text: Qualifying for the playoffs[edit]

text: The following are the criteria for the 2012 season (unchanged since 2009). Although the season structure changed beginning in the fall of 2013,[3] the qualifying criteria did not change.

text: For the first portion of the season, the "regular season", currently from January through the latter part of August (changing in fall 2013 to an October–August cycle), PGA Tour players can earn points in each event they play. The number of points for winning each tournament varies from 250 to 600, depending on the quality of the field for each event, with the typical tournament awarding 500. Fewer points are awarded to other players who finish each tournament, based on their final position.

text: The ultimate goal is to be among the top 125 points leaders following the final event of the regular season. Only those players who are regular full-time members of the PGA Tour will earn points. A non-member who joins the PGA Tour in mid-season will be eligible to earn points in the first event he plays after officially joining the Tour.

text: After the final event of the regular season, the top 125 players participate in the playoffs. The number of points awarded for winning each playoff event is 2000, which is four times the amount awarded for a typical regular season tournament. Points won in playoff events are added to those for the regular season, and the fields are reduced as the playoffs proceed. Starting in 2013, the top 125 on the FedExCup points list will also retain their tour cards for the following season.[3]

text: After the third playoff event, the top 30 players move to the final event. Points are reset at that time, so the #1 player has 2000 points, the #2 player has 1800 points, down to the #30 player who is given 168 points. The goal is to ensure that any of the 30 players has a chance to win the FedExCup, but give the top players the best chance, with all of the top five players assured of winning the FedExCup by winning the Tour Championship, which is held at East Lake Golf Club each year.

text: Playoff events[edit]

text:
Event
Players
Cut

The Northern Trust
Top 125 points leaders
(after the Wyndham Championship)
36-hole cut to top 70 players plus ties

Dell Technologies Championship
Top 100 points leaders
(after The Northern Trust)

BMW Championship
Top 70 points leaders
(after the Dell Technologies Championship)
None

Tour Championship
Top 30 points leaders
(after the BMW Championship)

text: Once the final 125 playoff qualifiers are set, no alternates will be allowed. It is possible for any player among the final 125 (then 100, then 70) to skip a playoff event prior to the Tour Championship, but if he did, he would risk his standing on the points list. This could potentially result in him being eliminated from the playoffs.

text: For the Tour Championship itself, only the top 30 points leaders after the BMW Championship will be eligible. If for any reason, a player among the top 30 does not compete in the Tour Championship, he will not be replaced.

text: Playoff rewards[edit]

text: The player with the most points after the Tour Championship wins the FedExCup itself and $10 million of a $35 million bonus fund. The runner-up gets $3 million, 3rd place $2 million, 4th place $1.5 million, 5th place $1 million, and so on down to $32,000 for 126th through 150th place. Beginning with the 2013 season, non-exempt players who finish 126th-150th in the FedExCup are given conditional PGA Tour status, but can attempt to improve their priority rankings through the Web.com Tour Finals. Previously, conditional status was earned through the money list.

text: In 2007, the money was placed into their tax-deferred retirement accounts, not given in cash. Players under 45 are not able to access any 2007 FedExCup bonuses (as opposed to prize money earned in the tournaments themselves) until turning 45. They can invest their bonus in any manner they choose, and once they turn 45, can choose to defer payment until they turn 60 or play in fewer than 15 PGA Tour events in a season. Once a player chooses to take payments from his fund, he will receive monthly checks for five years.[4][5]

text: Because of possible legislation affecting deferred retirement plans, in the wake of business stories that speculated that Tiger Woods could amass a $1 billion retirement fund if he won the FedExCup six more times, the PGA Tour announced a change to the payout system effective in 2008. The top 10 finishers now receive the bulk of their FedExCup bonuses in cash up front; for example, the 2008 FedExCup champion received $9 million up front and $1 million in his tax-deferred retirement account. FedExCup bonuses to finishers below the top 10 are still paid solely into the players' retirement accounts.[6]

text: The winner of the FedExCup also receives a five-year exemption on the PGA Tour. This mirrors the exemption for the Leading Money Winner title (PGA Tour Exemption Category 8), but it may not have any practical implications. Players have almost never relied on the Leading Money Winner exemption, as they are usually exempt by other means. With the exception of the Tour Championship, which awards a 3-year PGA Tour exemption, winners of FedExCup playoff events receive only the standard 2-year exemption.

text: Beginning 2008, any player among the Final Top 30 FedExCup Points Leaders after the Tour Championship, if not exempt by other means, is placed in PGA Tour Exemption Category 18, which is just above the category for the Top 125 Official Money List leaders.

text: Through 2012, remaining FedExCup qualifiers for the next year will come from the PGA Tour's Official Money List. This particular list will be finalized after the PGA Tour Fall Series, a group of official PGA Tour events that follow the Tour Championship.

text: Also through 2012, the top 125 players on the money list will be fully exempt for the following year, with other golfers either eligible through other exemptions or needing to qualify by other means (e.g. "Qualifying school"). Starting in 2013, the players retaining their cards will be the top 125 on the FedExCup points list, with the next 75 on the points list having to enter the Web.com Tour Finals for a chance to retain their cards, unless otherwise exempt.[3]

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Year
Player
Country
Points
Margin
Events
Wins
Top 5s
Pre-Cup ranking
Pre-Cup points
Pre-Cup events

2018

2017
Justin Thomas
 United States
3,000
660
4
1
2
2
2,689
21

2016
Rory McIlroy
 Northern Ireland
3,120
740
4
2
2
36
973
14

2015
Jordan Spieth
 United States
3,800
1,493
4
1
1
1
4,169
21

2014
Billy Horschel
 United States
4,750
1,650
4
2
3
69
722
23

2013
Henrik Stenson
 Sweden
4,750
2,007
4
2
2
9
1,426
14

2012
Brandt Snedeker
 United States
4,100
1,273
4
1
2
19
1,194
18

2011
Bill Haas
 United States
2,760
15
4
1
1
15
1,273
22

2010
Jim Furyk
 United States
2,980
252
3
1
1
3
1,691
18

2009
Tiger Woods (2)
 United States
4,000
1,080
4
1
3
1
3,341
13

2008
Vijay Singh
 Fiji
125,101
551
4
2
2
7
15,034
19

2007
Tiger Woods
 United States
123,033
12,578
3
2
3
1
30,574
13

text: Individual tournament winners[edit]

text:
Year
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship

2018

2017
 Dustin Johnson (4)
 Justin Thomas
 Marc Leishman
 Xander Schauffele

2016
 Patrick Reed
 Rory McIlroy (3)
 Dustin Johnson (3)
 Rory McIlroy (4)

2015
 Jason Day (1)
 Rickie Fowler
 Jason Day (2)
 Jordan Spieth

2014
 Hunter Mahan
 Chris Kirk
 Billy Horschel (1)
 Billy Horschel (2)

2013
 Adam Scott
 Henrik Stenson (1)
 Zach Johnson
 Henrik Stenson (2)

2012
 Nick Watney
 Rory McIlroy (1)
 Rory McIlroy (2)
 Brandt Snedeker

2011
 Dustin Johnson (2)
 Webb Simpson
 Justin Rose
 Bill Haas

2010
 Matt Kuchar
 Charley Hoffman
 Dustin Johnson (1)
 Jim Furyk

2009
 Heath Slocum
 Steve Stricker (2)
 Tiger Woods (3)
 Phil Mickelson (2)

2008
 Vijay Singh (1)
 Vijay Singh (2)
 Camilo Villegas (1)
 Camilo Villegas (2)

2007
 Steve Stricker (1)
 Phil Mickelson (1)
 Tiger Woods(1)
 Tiger Woods (2)

text: By country[edit]

text:
Country
The Northern Trust
Dell Technologies Championship
BMW Championship
Tour Championship
Total

 United States
8
7
6
8
29

 Australia
2
0
2
0
4

 Colombia
0
0
1
1
2

 Fiji
1
1
0
0
2

 Northern Ireland
0
2
1
1
4

 Sweden
0
1
0
1
2

 England
0
0
1
0
1

text: Career FedExCup bonus money leaders[edit]

text:
Player
Country
Total ($)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

Tiger Woods
 United States
25,275,000
10,000,000
110,000
10,000,000
133,000
32,000
2,000,000
3,000,000

Rory McIlroy
 Northern Ireland
15,625,000

140,000

3,000,000
125,000
2,000,000
250,000
10,000,000
110,000

Jim Furyk
 United States
15,215,000
300,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
10,000,000
140,000
250,000
270,000
1,500,000
180,000
75,000

Jordan Spieth
 United States
14,500,000

700,000
250,000
10,000,000
550,000
3,000,000

Henrik Stenson
 Sweden
13,648,000
136,000

32,000

70,000
10,000,000
115,000
3,000,000
140,000
155,000

Brandt Snedeker
 United States
12,163,000
225,000
145,000
150,000
138,000
600,000
10,000,000
290,000
75,000
210,000
250,000
80,000

Bill Haas
 United States
11,474,500
32,000
80,000
134,000
165,000
10,000,000
155,000
205,000
242,500
190,000
129,000
142,000

Vijay Singh
 Fiji
11,272,000
500,000
10,000,000
75,000
110,000
185,000
150,000
32,000
75,000
70,000
75,000

Billy Horschel
 United States
10,645,000

32,000
245,000
10,000,000
110,000
125,000
133,000

Justin Thomas
 United States
10,445,000

155,000
290,000
10,000,000

Dustin Johnson
 United States
9,057,000

32,000
270,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
600,000
280,000
175,000
700,000
3,000,000
1,500,000

Steve Stricker
 United States
8,650,000
3,000,000
270,000
2,000,000
700,000
235,000
225,000
2,000,000
70,000

80,000
70,000

Phil Mickelson
 United States
8,390,000
2,000,000
700,000
3,000,000
280,000
250,000
1,000,000
550,000
110,000
110,000
245,000
145,000

Matt Kuchar
 United States
6,450,000
75,000
70,000
135,000
3,000,000
800,000
235,000
800,000
600,000
230,000
235,000
270,000

Luke Donald
 England
5,480,000
165,000
70,000
175,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
550,000
185,000
75,000
80,000
110,000
70,000