document_title: List of English terms of venery, by animal

question_text: what do you call a group of badgers

question_tokens: what do you call a group of badgers

text: This is a list of English terms of venery (venery being an archaic word for hunting), comprising terms from a tradition that arose in the Late Middle Ages, at least partly from the Book of Saint Albans of 1486, a historic list of "company terms". The present list also includes more common collective terms (such as "herd" and "flock") for some animals.

text:
See also
References

text: Standard terms for particular groups are listed first in each group and shown in bold.

text:
Subject
Collective noun
Notes
Sources

A
A !

albatross
rookery

[1]

antelopes
herd

[2]

ants
army

[3]

colony

[3][4]

nest

[3]

swarm

[3]

apes
shrewdness

[2][5][6]

troop

[3]

asses
herd

[3]

drove
driven in a group
[3]

pace or passe

[3][4]

B
B !

baboons
troop

[3][6]

badgers
cete

[3][4][6][7]

bats
colony

[4]

bears
sleuth or sloth

[3][4][6]

beavers
colony

[3]

family

[3]

bees
swarm

[6]

drift

[6]

erst

[6]

grist

[4]

birds
flock

[6]

flight

[6]

pod

[6]

bitterns
sedge or sege

[4][5][8][9]

boars
sounder
12 or more
[7]

buffalo
herd

[4][6]

bullfinches
bellowing

[6]

bullocks
drove
driven in a group
[6]

butterflies
swarm

[10]

flutter

[11]

kaleidoscope

[12]

C
C !

capercaillie
tok

[13]

capons
mews

[14]

caribou
herd

[14]

cats
clowder

[3][4]

pounce

[4]

destruction
feral cats
[6][15]

cattle
mob
driven in a group
[16]

chickens
clutch

[6]

cheetahs
coalition
males only
[17]

choughs
chattering or clattering

[5][6][7][18][19]

colts
rag

[4][6][7]

rake

[6]

cormorants
gulp

[4]

coots
covert

[5][6][9]

coyotes
pack

[citation needed]

cranes
herd

[5][6][9]

sedge or sege

[4][8]

siege

[20]

crocodiles
bask

[4]

crows
murder or horde

[4][6][7]

curlews
herd

[5][6][7][9]

D
D !

deer
herd

[citation needed]

parcel

[21]

dogs
pack

[citation needed]

dolphins
pod

[22][23]

dotterel
trip

[4][6][24]

doves
dole or dule
fanciful
[4][5][6]

flight

[9]

ducks
badling or badelynge

[4][9]

paddling
on water
[4][6]

plump

[25][26]

raft
on water
[4][6]

dunlins
fling

[6]

E
E !

eagles
convocation

[4]

eels
bed

[3]

elephants
herd

[4]

elk
gang

[6][7]

herd

[6]

F
F !

falcons
cast

[27]

ferrets
business
corruption over time of 'busyness'
[4][7]

busyness

[5]

besyness
fesynes
fesnyng
feamyng
ghost words arising from successive misspellings of "busyness"
[28]

finches
charm or chirm

[4][6]

fish
school

[4]

shoal

[4]

flamingoes
stand

[4]

flamboyance

[29]

colony

[29]

regiment

[29]

flies
business

[4]

foxes
leash

[4]

skulk

[4]

frogs
army

[4]

G
G !

geese
flock
on land
[4]

gaggle
on land
[4][6][9]

skein
in flight
[4][6]

giraffes
herd

[6]

tower

[4]

gnats
cloud

[4][6]

horde

[4]

goats
flock

[6]

trip

[citation needed]

goldfinches
charm

[9]

gorillas
band

[4]

goshawks
flight

[5]

grackles
plague

[30]

grasshoppers
cloud

[4]

grouse
covey

[6]

guineafowl
rasp

[31]

H
H !

hawks
boil
two or more spiralling in flight
[4]

cast

[4][5]

kettle
flying in large numbers
[4]

lease

[5]

hens
brood

[9]

herons
sedge or sege

[4][5][7][8][9]

siege

[4][6]

hippopotamuses
bloat

[4]

hogs
parcel
See also boars, pigs, swine
[32][33]

hornets
nest

[4]

horses
team
in harness
[4]

haras or harrase

[4]

herd

[citation needed]

string

[4]

stud

[4]

hounds
pack

[citation needed]

hyenas
cackle

[4]

I
I !

ibex
herd

[citation needed]

insects
swarm

[citation needed]

J
J !

jackdaws
clattering

[34]

train

[34][35]

jays
party

[4]

scold

[4]

jellyfish
fluther

[6]

smack

[4][6]

K
K !

kangaroos
mob

[3]

troop

[3][4]

kittens
kindle

[6]

litter

[citation needed]

L
L !

lapwings
deceit or desert

[4][5][6][7][36]

larks
bevy

[6]

exaltation

[5][6][7][9]

leopards
leap or lepe

[3][4][6]

lions
pride

[3][4][6]

sawt

[6]

locusts
plague

[4]

M
M !

mackerel
shoal

[citation needed]

magpies
charm

[4]

gulp

[4]

murder

[4]

tiding

[4][5][6]

mallards
sord

[4][6][9]

suit or sute

[6][9]

flush

[37]

mares
stud

[6][7]

martens
richesse or richness

[4][6]

mice
nest

[3]

minnows
shoal

[citation needed]

moles
labor or labour

[3][4][6]

monkeys
barrel

[3][4]

troop

[4][6]

wilderness

[38]

moose
herd

[3]

mules
barren

[3][4][6][7]

span

[3][4]

N
N !

nightingales
watch

[5][6][9]

O
O !

owls
parliament

[3][4][7]

oxen
drove

[3]

team

[3][4]

yoke

[3][4]

oysters
bed

[3][4]

P
P !

parrots
company

[3][4]

pandemonium

[3]

partridges
covey

[4][6][9]

peacocks
muster

[4][6][7][9]

ostentation

[3][4]

pride

[3]

pelicans
pod

[3]

penguins
colony

[3][4]

convent

[3]

tuxedo

[39]

pheasants
bouquet

[3][4]

head

[6]

nest

[4]

nide

[4]

nye

[3][4][6][7][9]

pigs
drift
See also boars, hogs, swine
[3][4]

drove

[3][4]

pigeons
kit
flying together
[6]

plovers
congregation

[5][6][9]

stand

[6]

wing

[6]

Q
Q !

quail
bevy

[3][4][5][6][9]

covey

[3][4]

drift

[6]

R
R !

rabbits
colony

[4]

nest

[4]

herd
domestic only
[4]

litter
young rabbits only
[4]

raccoons
gaze

[3]

rats
mischief

[40]

ravens
unkindness

[5][6]

rhinoceroses
crash

[3][4][6]

rooks
building

[5][6][9]

parliament

[6][7]

S
S !

seals
pod

[citation needed]

sea urchins
herd

[41][42]

seagull
squabble

[43]

sheep
flock

[3][4]

drove
when driven in a group
[4]

herd

[4]

hurtle

[3]

pack

[3]

sheldrake
dopping

[9][44]

snakes
bed

[3]

den

[3]

knot

[3]

nest

[4]

pit

[3]

snipes
walk

[6][7][9]

whisp or wisp

[6]

sparrows
host

[3][4][5][6][9]

spiders
cluster or clutter

[3]

squirrels
dray

[3][4]

scurry

[3][4]

starlings
chattering

[3][18]

murmuration

[3][5][6][7][9]

storks
mustering

[3][4]

phalanx
when migrating
[45]

swallows
flight

[3][4][9]

swans
bank
on the ground
[3]

bevy

[3][4]

flight

[3]

game

[6]

herd

[3][9]

wedge
in flight
[3][4][6]

swifts
flock

[citation needed]

scream

[46]

swine
drift

[7]

T
T !

teal
spring

[4][5][6][9]

tigers
ambush

[3]

streak

[3][4]

toads
knot

[3][4]

nest

[3]

trout
hover

[3][4]

turkeys
gang

[4]

rafter

[3][4]

turtles
bale

[3][4]

dole or dule

[3][9]

nest

[4]

turtle doves
dole or dule

[5]

pitying

[4]

V
V !

vipers
nest

[4]

vultures
kettle
in flight
[47]

committee
while resting
[47]

wake
when feeding
[47]

W
W !

walruses
herd

[4]

pod

[4]

waterfowl
bunch

[6]

knob
fewer than 30 (fanciful)
[48]

raft

[6]

weasels
colony

[3]

pack

[3]

whales
gam

[3][4]

herd

[4]

mob

[3]

pod

[3][4]

wigeons
company

[4][6]

trip

[6]

wildfowl
bunch

[6]

knob
fewer than 30 (fanciful)
[48]

plump

[6]

trip

[6]

wolves
pack

[3][4]

rout or route
when in movement
[3][4]

wombats
wisdom

[49]

woodcocks
fall

[4][5][6][9]

woodpeckers
descent

[3][4][6]

wrens
herd

[5][6]

Z
Z !

zebras
herd

[3]

dazzle

[50]

zeal

[3]

text:
Top
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

text:
See also
References


document_title: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

question_text: who plays francis wife in malcolm in the middle

root

text: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2014)

tag: table

text: Originally there were four brothers (although Malcolm's oldest brother attended a military school away from home, so Malcolm was still the middle sibling left at home). A fifth son was introduced in the show's fourth season, a boy named Jamie. The boys are, from eldest to youngest: Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie. In the final episode, Lois discovered she was pregnant with a sixth child. In the third season, Francis travels home (to celebrate his father's birthday) with an Alaskan girl named Piama, and reveals that they are married.

tag: p

text: During the first season, the writers decided to keep the family's last name a mystery. In the fifth season episode "Reese Joins the Army (1)", Reese uses a fake ID by the name of "Jetson" to lie about his age. In the series finale, "Graduation", Francis' employee ID reads "Nolastname" (or "No Last Name", a joke referring to the fact that the family name was never spoken aloud). In the same episode when Malcolm was introduced to give the graduation speech, the speaker announces Malcolm's name, but microphone feedback makes his surname inaudible, even though he does appear to mouth the phrase "No last name".[1]

text: In the pilot episode, the name Wilkerson can be seen on the name badge of the uniform Francis is wearing at Marlin Academy. In the sleeve notes for the season 5 DVD released in Europe, the family is referred to as the Wilkersons in the description for the episode "Block Party". British television advertisements and some Fox promotional material also occasionally referred to the family as the Wilkersons, although this name was never spoken aloud in the series. In an early version of the pilot, Malcolm had an exchange of dialogue with a classmate, who claims to have overheard his parents talking about Malcolm's family and asks him what his last name is. When Malcolm responds, "Wilkerson, why?" the friend replied with the punchline, "Oh...who are the 'Pariahs'?"

text: Out of the show's six leads, Cranston, Muniz, Berfield and Sullivan were the only ones to appear in all 151 episodes.

text: Character Appearances[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Season

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Main characters

Jane Kaczmarek
Lois
Main

Bryan Cranston
Hal
Main

Christopher Masterson
Francis
Main
Recurring

Justin Berfield
Reese
Main

Erik Per Sullivan
Dewey
Main

Frankie Muniz
Malcolm
Main

James and Lukas Rodriguez
Jamie

Recurring
Main

Catherine Lloyd Burns
Caroline Miller
Main
Recurring

Recurring characters

Craig Lamar Traylor
Stevie Kenarban
Recurring

David Anthony Higgins
Craig Feldspar
Recurring

Gary Anthony Williams
Abe Kenarban
Recurring

Evan Matthew Cohen
Lloyd
Recurring

Kyle Sullivan
Dabney
Recurring

Daniel Von Bargen
Edwin Spangler
Recurring
Flashback

Will Jennings
Kyle
Recurring

Flashback

Drew Powell
Drew Horton
Recurring

Flashback

Arjay Smith
Ken Finley
Recurring

Flashback

Karim Prince
Stanley Winn
Recurring

Eric Nenninger
Eric Hansen
Guest
Recurring
Flashback

Merrin Dungey
Kitty Kenarban
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Kasan Butcher
Joe
Guest
Recurring

Flashback

Tania Raymonde
Cynthia

Recurring
Guest
Guest

Cloris Leachman
Ida

Guest
Recurring

Emy Coligado
Piama Tananahaakna

Recurring

Chris Eigeman
Lionel Herkabe

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Victor Z. Isaac
Kevin

Recurring

Brenda Wehle
Lavernia

Recurring

Sandy Ward
Pete

Recurring

John Ennis
Artie

Recurring

Kenneth Mars
Otto Mannkusser

Recurring

Meagen Fay
Gretchen Mannkusser

Recurring

text: The Family[edit]

text: Hal[edit]

text: Hal, played by Bryan Cranston (all 151 episodes), is the father of the family. Though relaxed in his parenting when compared to Lois, Hal has shown that he can slide into a disciplinarian when confronted by the boys' bad behavior. He comes from a wealthy family who resent his choice to marry Lois over Susan (an action also shared by Victor and Ida). Hal has a hard time making good decisions, which he often deferred to Lois. Despite the fact many of the neighbors hate his family, Hal blends in well with them. He loves Lois more than she loves him, never even thinking about other women. He is also very scared of her, even more than the boys are, which is why he often bribes their sons to take the fall for his wrongdoings. He is very neurotic and has a slight obsessive-compulsive disorder, and also enjoys unusual hobbies. Hal is also a sex addict, this was revealed in the episode "Forbidden Girlfriend" when Lois is taking medication and is unable to have sex for an entire week, it is mentioned again in the episode "Poker 2" when Hal tells his friends he has sex 14 times per week. It was also revealed that Hal was a chain smoker before quitting the habit. Hal's best friend is Abe Kenarban.

text: Francis[edit]

text: Francis, played by Christopher Masterson (119 episodes), is the oldest of the brothers, whom Malcolm often looks up to. It is revealed in the episodes "Sleepover" and "The Bots and the Bees" in season one that Francis was a breech birth, and in "Flashback" in season 2, that Lois was in labor with him during her and Hal's wedding. A rebel from birth, showing signs of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder, he was exiled to Marlin Academy by Lois for his behavior before eventually emancipating himself to run away from the Academy to work in Alaska, incurring his mother's wrath. Upon moving to Alaska, he marries a local woman named Piama, who is about one year older than him, and had previously been married briefly, and whom Lois doesn't like. In the series finale, Hal discovers that Francis has taken a job with Amerysis, and Francis admits he likes sitting at a desk sorting computer data. However, he also admits that he has no intentions of telling Lois about the job and enjoys torturing her by telling her that he's still unemployed.

text: Malcolm[edit]

text: Malcolm, portrayed by Frankie Muniz (150 episodes), is the protagonist of the series. He is Five years younger than his oldest brother Francis, one year younger than his older brother Reese, Four years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 15 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. In the first episode of the series, he is discovered to be a child prodigy and immediately moved from his regular class into the 'Krelboynes', a class for gifted students. Despite his high intelligence, he still gets into mischief either alongside or working against his brothers (in particular, Reese), although he becomes more self-absorbed and egotistical in the later seasons as he goes through puberty. Malcolm, like Reese, is not very popular. However, he has had a number of girlfriends during the series run. Even though he is very intelligent, Malcolm has a short temper, can be easily manipulated and also has problems containing his opinion about himself. Malcolm also occasionally serves as the voice of reason, and does have a conscience, (for instance, despite emotionally manipulating a grieving Hal to buy him a car in the episode "Hal Grieves," when the time comes to make the purchase he finds he can't go through with it). In the series finale, it is revealed that Lois intended him to have a hard life, knowing that he is destined to assume the role of President of the United States; she wants him to remember where he came from to get there and try to help families like his own when he assumes the office. Malcolm eventually comes to terms with his future, after being unable to tell Lois he can't do it. In the series finale, Malcolm begins taking classes at Harvard University. Throughout the series, Malcolm frequently breaks the fourth wall and talks to the viewer about either the current situation or giving exposition about past events.

text: Lois[edit]

text: Lois, played by Jane Kaczmarek (146 episodes), is Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie's angry and temperamental mother. She is an overbearing control freak despised by the neighbors to the point that they refuse to invite her to their gatherings, revealed in "Mono". Unlike Malcolm, Lois isn't bothered by it and tries her best to blend in with it. She was revealed to be a charming and a nurturing mother while Francis was little, but toughened up. She is also always stubbornly right, to the point of being unable to say that she was wrong. It was also shown that she is overbearing and mad as a result of her children's bad behavior, and not her pure hate. At the series finale, Lois is revealed to be pregnant with a sixth child (actually twins). Her unfairness and behavior also come from her miserable childhood, living with a tough mother and an uncaring father (both of whom favored her younger sister, Susan).

text: Reese[edit]

text: Reese, played by Justin Berfield (all 151 episodes), is the second oldest of the sons. He is two years younger than his older brother Francis, one year older than his younger brother Malcolm, six years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 16 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. It was revealed in the episode "Flashback", in season 2, that Reese has been vicious from the womb, so vicious in fact that when he kept kicking Lois during labor, she pushed him out by force. A complete moron from birth, Reese is the worst-behaved of the brothers. Reese is inclined to beat up the Krelboynes. He is intimidated by certain students, including Ira, a dumb jock at school. Despite his violent, idiotic nature, Reese is a culinary prodigy, after finding that he has a talent and genuine love for cooking and baking. He is also the favorite grandson of his grandmother Ida, who taught him the importance of having patsies. In the series finale, Reese moves in with Craig Feldspar and is a janitor at his alma mater North High.

text: Dewey[edit]

text: Dewey, played by Erik Per Sullivan (all 151 episodes), is portrayed as being quieter and more inclined to the arts than his brothers. He soon finds he is a musical prodigy, and as the series goes on he becomes more caring and thoughtful especially in regards to his younger brother Jamie, whom he decides not to bully like he was by Malcolm and Reese. Lois remarks at one point that unlike Malcolm, who would have to work hard to achieve success, Dewey would have success handed to him. Dewey joins the Buseys, a class for the emotionally disturbed, by mistake and ends up becoming their unofficial teacher. He ended up caring for his fellow students so much that, when the mistake was uncovered, he feigned severe emotional problems so he could remain. In the final few seasons, Dewey becomes increasingly bitter towards his parents due to them overlooking him throughout his childhood and neglecting his interests. Because of this, he forces them to give Jamie the childhood he never had. In the last episode, he and Jamie (the only other remaining brother living at home) continued the tradition of causing havoc all over the house.

text: Jamie[edit]

text: Jamie was played by identical twin brothers James and Lukas Rodriguez (35 episodes). The youngest brother born who is the only brother to have beaten Lois in her own game, bordering to attacking her (though Reese was mostly responsible for feeding him soda). Like Malcolm and Dewey, Jamie is revealed to be intelligent, evident when he tricked Reese into taking a marker after he colored part of the wall.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (March 2014)

text:
Stevie Kenarban, played by Craig Lamar Traylor (56 episodes), is Malcolm's best friend and classmate. He is wheelchair-bound and is missing a lung, requiring him to speak slowly and take deep breaths after saying a word. Though Malcolm is initially upset when Lois arranges a "playdate" for him and Stevie in the pilot episode, the boys immediately find common ground, particularly their love of comic books, and become friends. His parents are very overprotective of him, although Stevie displays in many episodes that he lives very comfortably with his disability and even has a dark sense of humor about it.
Craig Feldspar, portrayed by David Anthony Higgins (39 episodes), is Lois' co-worker at the Lucky Aide. He is a hopeless romantic, and has unrequited feelings for Lois. He is very childish and is a coward. He plays the ukulele and the banjo, and he sings in a countertenor voice. By the end of the series, Craig becomes Reese's roommate.
Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off-screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in-law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry ("We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more.")
Victor Welker and Ida Kenzel-Welker, played by Robert Loggia (1 episode) and Cloris Leachman (11 episodes) respectively, are Lois' parents of a Croatian background. Victor dies some time before the events of the season two episode "Christmas", in which Ida is widowed. Ida harbors a strong dislike for both Francis and Lois, evident for the way she has been treated by them. She favors Reese, which allows him to love her. Ida belittles Malcolm for being weak in not standing up against his mother and largely ignores Dewey (although she did, on one occasion, save him from being hit by a car, causing her to lose a leg). Ida harbored resentment towards Victor's secret other family for stealing what was rightfully hers, until Lois discovered that she isn't blood related to Victor (and possibly Susan as well) and abandoned Ida. Ida acknowledged that her life growing up in Croatia under the Ustaše was difficult, possibly due to the Ustaše's policies.
Abraham "Abe" Kenarban, played by Gary Anthony Williams (19 episodes), is Stevie's father and Kitty's husband, and a close family friend of both Lois and particularly Hal. Abe is initially depicted as cowardly and dependent on Kitty's guidance (which he attributes to his upbringing, having been raised by his grandmother and four spinster aunts). However he ultimately becomes more self-reliant after Kitty's departure. Despite this, Abe is more than willing to take Kitty back after her return, going as far as to harbor resentment towards Lois after she criticized Kitty's decision to leave.
Kitty Kenarban, played by Merrin Dungey (5 episodes), is Stevie's mother and Abe's wife. Because of actress Merrin Dungey's commitment to the ABC series Alias, Kitty remains unseen for much of the series before it is revealed that she abandoned her husband and son, briefly throwing Stevie into a deep depression. She returns briefly in the season six episode "Kitty's Back".
Caroline Miller, played by Catherine Lloyd Burns (15 episodes), is the primary teacher of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" class in the first two seasons. She is shown to be overly-earnest as well as to adore Malcolm, who might possibly have been her favorite student. In season 1, she is included as part of the main cast, but in season 2, is a recurring character. In season 2, she is shown to be pregnant until she gives birth to her baby in the parking lot. After her baby was born, she quit teaching. She was never seen or mentioned again after season 2.
Cynthia Sanders, played by Tania Raymonde (4 episodes), is one of Malcolm's classmates. She has a very extensive vocabulary, but has a difficult time making friends. Depicted as relatively cheerful, Cynthia becomes one of Malcolm's earliest crushes on the show, although a relationship never develops. Cynthia is last seen claiming to never have sex with Malcolm again (which never happened in the first place) to snap him out of a recent funk and keep him from pulling a prank meant to get him sent away like Francis.
Lloyd Jensen, played by Evan Matthew Cohen (25 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. He frequently worries about random small things, gets hurt, and falls victim to bullies. He also has an effeminate personality.
Dabney Hooper, played by Kyle Sullivan (24 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. Often depicted as the weakest and most cowardly of the group, Dabney's life is almost completely controlled by his overbearing mother, although in his last appearance his ability to release his anger towards his mom results in him immediately developing a tougher persona.
Flora Mayesh, played by Kristin Quick (15 episodes), is one of Malcolm's other "Krelboyne" classmates. Flora was mostly just a background character and rarely had dialogue and was therefore not in the credits for 12 of her episodes.
Eraserhead, played by Will Jennings (12 episodes), is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout early episodes of the series.
Kevin, played by Victor Z. Isaac (5 episodes)
Jessica, played by Hayden Panettiere (4 episodes), is a classmate of Malcolm and Reese's. In one instance, she babysat Malcolm and Reese despite being younger than them, embarrassing the brothers.
Mr. Herkabe (first name Lionel), played by Chris Eigeman (8 episodes), is introduced in Season 3 as the Krelboynes' teacher after Caroline leaves. A Krelboyne himself in middle school, he was forced into a teaching career after losing his millions in a failed dot-com company. He is portrayed as an evil and conniving man who thrives on psychological warfare and making children suffer. He is especially threatened by Malcolm and quickly becomes his nemesis at school, even blackmailing North High's principal, Block (before Hodges took over), into hiring him as vice principal when Malcolm enrolls there. For some reason Mr. Herkabe also intensely enjoys humiliating Reese to antagonize Malcolm more. However, Herkabe's arrogance in confessing that he had failed gym and lied about not taking the course, was brought to light that led to his GPA Award being revoked by Mr. Hodges. He was last seen being humiliated by Reese during dodgeball.
Commandant Edwin Spangler, played by Daniel von Bargen (16 episodes), is the military veteran in charge of the cadets at Marlin Academy. He has a contentious relationship with the rebellious Francis throughout his entire stay at the Academy, although the two were shown at times to have a deep sympathy for the other's emotional scarring. After Spangler is fired from Marlin Academy and arrives in Alaska, Francis gets him a job at the Snow Haven Retirement Home where he has free rein to bully the elderly.
Cadet Eric Hansen, played by Eric Nenninger (28 episodes), one of Francis' friends and classmates from Marlin Academy. Francis accompanies Eric in his plan to abandon the Academy to find well-paying labor work in Alaska. At the end of season three, Eric is seen for the final time being left by Francis to hitchhike home, possibly as revenge for even suggesting to find work in Alaska.
Lavernia, played by Brenda Wehle (10 episodes), is Francis and Eric's malevolent boss who owns the logging site in Alaska. She has a debt book and presumably knows every dirty secret about her workers. Lavernia has a personal grudge towards Piama, who blackmailed her to be nice to Francis by holding her pet parakeet hostage.
Otto Mankusser, played by Kenneth Mars (13 episodes), is Francis' friendly and cheerful boss at the dude ranch, albeit a bit naïve at times.
Ed, played by Paul Wilson (5 episodes), is one of the many neighbors who despises Hal and Lois, along with Reese. He has shown some favoritism towards Malcolm for helping him set up his new computer.
Ira Prescott, played by Jonny Acker (3 episodes), is a student of North High School. He is Billy's older brother and Reese's bully. Ira made his first appearance in "Forbidden Girlfriend" in which he owns a car which Reese ruins by using Dewey in pouring cement in it and letting Billy take the blame for the prank. With Dewey's help, Ira got his revenge on Reese for his prank and using Billy by simply beating him up. He returns briefly in Season 5's "Malcolm Films Reese" who is among the students in humiliation and in Reese's Apartment when Malcolm is tutoring Ira and help get him a passing grade in his classes so he can keep his spot on the North High School sports team(which is never specified). Unlike Reese, Ira has more respect for Malcolm.

tag: ul


document_title: Assembly of the International Space Station

question_text: when will the international space station be completed

text: Logistics[edit]

text: The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 410 km (250 mi), a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit (the actual height varies over time by several kilometers due to atmospheric drag and reboosts). It orbits Earth in a period of about 90 minutes; by August 2007 it had completed more than 50,000 orbits since launch of Zarya on 20 November 1998.

text: A total of 14 main pressurized modules are scheduled to be part of the ISS by its completion date in 2010.[1] A number of smaller pressurized sections will be adjunct to them (Soyuz spacecraft (permanently 2 as lifeboats - 6 months rotations), Progress transporters (2 or more), the Quest and Pirs airlocks, as well as periodically the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, the Automated Transfer Vehicle and the H-II Transfer Vehicle).

text: The ISS, when completed, will consist of a set of communicating pressurized modules connected to a truss, on which four large pairs of photovoltaic modules (solar panels) are attached. The pressurized modules and the truss will be perpendicular: the truss spanning from starboard to port and the habitable zone extending on the aft-forward axis. Although during the construction the station attitude may vary, when all four photovoltaic modules are in their definitive position the aft-forward axis will be parallel to the velocity vector.[2]

text: In addition to the assembly and utilization flights, approximately 30 Progress spacecraft flights are required to provide logistics until 2010. Experimental equipment, fuel and consumables are and will be delivered by all vehicles visiting the ISS: the Shuttle, the SpaceX Dragon, the Russian Progress, the European ATV and the Japanese HTV, and space station downmass will be carried back to Earth facilities on both the Shuttle and the Dragon.[3]

text: Columbia disaster and changes in construction plans[edit]

text: Disaster and consequences[edit]

text: At one point, there was some uncertainty over the future of the ISS. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on 1 February 2003, the subsequent two and a half-year suspension of the U.S. Space Shuttle program, followed by problems with resuming flight operations in 2005, were major obstacles.

text: The Space Shuttle program resumed flight on 26 July 2005, with the STS-114 mission of Discovery. This mission to the ISS was intended both to test new safety measures implemented since the Columbia disaster, and to deliver supplies to the station. Although the mission succeeded safely, it was not without risk; foam was shed by the external tank, leading NASA to announce future missions would be grounded until this issue was resolved.

text: Between the Columbia disaster and the resumption of Shuttle launches, crew exchanges were carried out solely using the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Starting with Expedition 7, two-astronaut caretaker crews were launched in contrast to the previously launched crews of three. Because the ISS had not been visited by a shuttle for an extended period, a larger than planned amount of waste accumulated, temporarily hindering station operations in 2004. However Progress transports and the STS-114 shuttle flight took care of this problem.

text: Changes in construction plans[edit]

text: ISS construction experienced delays due to the halting of all NASA Shuttle flights following the Columbia disaster in early 2003, although there had been prior delays due to Shuttle problems, and the Russian space agency's budget constraints. During the shuttle stand-down, construction of the ISS was halted and the science conducted aboard was limited due to the crew size of two. Many changes were made to the originally planned ISS, even before the Columbia disaster. Modules and other structures were cancelled or replaced and the number of Shuttle flights to the ISS was reduced from previously planned numbers. However more than 80% of the hardware intended to be part of the ISS in the late 1990s was orbited and is now part of the ISS's configuration.

text: In March 2006, a meeting of the heads of the five participating space agencies accepted the new ISS construction schedule that planned to complete the ISS by 2010.[4] A crew of six has been established as of May 2009, following 12 Shuttle construction flights after the second "Return to Flight" mission STS-121. Requirements for stepping up the crew size included enhanced environmental support on the ISS, a second Soyuz permanently docked on the station to function as a second 'lifeboat', more frequent Progress flights to provide double the amount of consumables, more fuel for orbit raising maneuvers, and a sufficient supply line of experimental equipment.

text: Later additions included the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) in 2016, and numerous Russian components are planned as part of the in-orbit construction of OPSEK.

text: Assembly sequence[edit]

text: The ISS is made up of 16 pressurized modules: five Russian modules (Zarya, Pirs, Zvezda, Poisk and Rassvet), eight US modules (BEAM[5], Leonardo, Harmony, Quest, Tranquility, Unity, Cupola, and Destiny), two Japanese modules (the JEM-ELM-PS and JEM-PM) and one European module (Columbus). One more Russian pressurized module (Nauka) is scheduled to be added to the station.

text: Although not permanently docked with the ISS, Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs) formed part of the ISS during some Shuttle missions. An MPLM was attached to Harmony (initially to Unity) and was used for resupply and logistics flights.

text: Spacecraft attached to the ISS also extend the pressurized volume. At least one Soyuz spacecraft is always docked as a 'lifeboat' and is replaced every six months by a new Soyuz as part of crew rotation.

text: The table below shows the sequence in which these components were or will be added to the ISS. The numbers provided are indications and represent launch weight and dimensions.

text:
Element
Assembly
flight
Launch
date
Launch
vehicle
Length
(m)
Diameter
(m)
Mass
(kg)
Pressurized Volume
(m^3)
Isolated View
Station View
Rendering View

Zarya (FGB)[6]
1A/R
1998-11-20
Proton-K
12.6
4.1
19,323

Unity (Node 1),[7] PMA-1 & PMA-2
2A
1998-12-04
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-88)
5.49
4.57
11,612

Zvezda (Service Module)[8]
1R
2000-07-12
Proton-K
13.1
4.15
19,051
75

Z1 Truss & PMA-3
3A
2000-10-11
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-92)
4.9 (Z1)
4.2 (Z1)
8,755 (Z1)

P6 Truss & Solar Arrays
4A
2000-11-30
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-97)
73.2
4.9
15,824

Destiny (US Laboratory)[9]
5A
2001-02-07
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-98)
8.53
4.27
14,515

External Stowage Platform-1
5A.1
2001-03-08
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-102)

Canadarm2 (SSRMS)
6A
2001-04-19
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-100)
17.6
0.35
4,899

Quest (Joint Airlock)[10]
7A
2001-07-12
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-104)
5.5
4
6,064

Pirs (Docking Compartment & Airlock)
4R
2001-09-14
Soyuz-U
(Progress M-SO1)
4.91
2.55
3,580
13

S0 Truss[11]
8A
2002-04-08
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-110)
13.4
4.6
13,970

Mobile Base System
UF2
2002-06-05
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-111)
5.7
2.9
1,450

S1 Truss
9A
2002-10-07
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-112)
13.7
4.6
14,120

P1 Truss
11A
2002-11-23
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-113)
13.7
4.6
14,000

ESP-2
LF1
2005-07-26
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-114)
3.65
4.9
2,676

P3/P4 Truss & Solar Arrays[12]
12A
2006-09-09
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-115)
13.8
4.9
15,900

P5 Truss[13]
12A.1
2006-12-09
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-116)
3.4
4.6
1,818

S3/S4 Truss & Solar Arrays
13A
2007-06-08
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-117)
13.8
4.9
15,900

S5 Truss and ESP-3
13A.1
2007-08-08
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-118)
13.7
3.9
12,598

Harmony (Node 2)
Relocation of P6 Truss
10A
2007-10-23
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-120)
7.2
4.48
14,288

Columbus (European Laboratory)[14]
1E
2008-02-07
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-122)
7
4.5
12,800

Dextre (SPDM)
Japanese Logistics Module (ELM-PS)
1J/A
2008-03-11
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-123)
3.9 (ELM-PS)
4.4 (ELM-PS)
4,200 (ELM-PS)

Japanese Pressurized Module (JEM-PM)
JEM Robotic Arm (JEM-RMS)[15][16]
1J
2008-05-31
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-124)
11.2 (JEM-PM)
4.4 (JEM-PM)
15,900 (JEM-PM)

S6 Truss & Solar Arrays
15A
2009-03-15
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-119)
73.2
10.7
15,900

Japanese Exposed Facility (JEM-EF)
2J/A
2009-07-15
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-127)

4,100

Poisk (MRM-2)[17][18]
5R
2009-11-10
Soyuz-U
(Progress M-MIM2)

3,670

ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 1 & 2
ULF3
2009-11-16
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-129)

Cupola &
Tranquility (Node 3)
20A
2010-02-08
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-130)
6.5 (Node 3)
1.5 (Cupola)
4.25 (Node 3)
2.95 (Cupola)
12,247 (Node 3)
1,800 (Cupola)

Rassvet (MRM-1)[19]
ULF4
2010-05-14
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-132)

5,075

Leonardo (PMM) and EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 4
ULF5
2011-02-24
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133)
6.6
4.57
9,896 (Leonardo)
31

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, OBSS and EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 3
ULF6
2011-05-16
Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-134)

6,731 (AMS-02)

Bigelow Expandable Activity Module[20]

2016-04-08
Falcon 9
(SpaceX CRS-8)

4
3.2
1,360
16

Nauka (MLM)
European Robotic Arm[21]
3R
mid-2018[22] (scheduled)
Proton-M

20,300 (Nauka)

Uzlovoy (UDM)[23]

2018 (scheduled) [24]
Soyuz 2.1b

4,000

Science-Power Module-1[25]

2019 (scheduled) [26]
Proton-M

Science-Power Module-2[25]

2019 (scheduled) [26]
Proton-M

NanoRacks Airlock Module

2019 (scheduled) [27]
Falcon 9
(SpaceX CRS-19)[28]

Element
Assembly
flight
Launch
date
Launch
vehicle
Length
(m)
Diameter
(m)
Mass
(kg)
Pressurized Volume
(m^3)
Isolated View
Station View
Rendering View

text: Cancelled modules[edit]

text:
Interim Control Module - not needed once Zvezda was launched
ISS Propulsion Module - not needed once Zvezda was launched
Habitation Module (HAB) - With the cancellation of the Habitation Module, sleeping places are now spread throughout the station. There are two in the Russian segment and four in the US segment. It is not necessary to have a separate 'bunk' in space — many visitors just strap their sleeping bag to the wall of a module, get into it and sleep.
Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) - replaced by two Soyuz spacecraft
Centrifuge Accommodations Module (CAM) - would have been attached to Harmony (Node 2)
Science Power Platform (SPP) - power will be provided to the Russian segments partly by the US solar cell platforms
Russian Research Modules (RM1 and RM2) - to be replaced by single Multipurpose Laboratory Module (Nauka)
Universal Docking Module (UDM) - canceled along with the Research Modules which were to connect to it

text: Proposed modules[edit]

text: The following modules are proposed, but not yet confirmed in the ISS launch manifests.

text:
American Node 4 - Also known as the Docking Hub System (DHS),[29] would allow the station to have more docking ports for visiting vehicles and would allow inflatable habitats and technology demonstrations to be tested as part of the station.[30]
Nautilus-X Centrifuge Demonstration - If produced, this centrifuge will be the first in-space demonstration of sufficient scale centrifuge for artificial partial-g effects. It will be designed to become a sleep module for the ISS crew.[31]

text:
Inflatable module attached to Node 4

Nautilus-X ISS demonstrator

text: Cost[edit]

text: The ISS is the most expensive item ever built, costing around $150 billion (USD) [32]. This eclipses the cost of other space stations built in the past such as Skylab costing 2.2 billion (USD) [33], and Mir at 4.2 billion (USD)[34]. Even other large buildings that have been built on Earth don't come close to the price - the Chartres isn't even close with a cost of $270 million (USD). It is also estimated that 114 Great Pyramids could be built with the money spent on the ISS[35]. However, compared to the US Gross World Product (GWP) this is only .17 percent of the US's gross yearly product.[36]The cost can be broken down to an estimated initial cost of $100 billion (USD) and an additional 50 billion (USD) since 1994.[37]You can see how easily this price tag went up as the Columbus module alone cost about 2 billion (USD). [38]


document_title: WIDA Consortium

question_text: how many states are in the wida consortium

text: WIDA Consortium

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
WIDA Consortium

Established
2002

Location
Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.

Website
www.wida.us

text: WIDA Consortium[edit]

text: The WIDA Consortium (formerly World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment) is an educational consortium of state departments of education. Currently, 37 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, as well as Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, participate in the WIDA Consortium. WIDA designs and implements proficiency standards and assessment for grade K-12 students who are English-language learners, as well as a set of proficiency standards and assessments for Spanish language learners. WIDA also provides professional development to educators and conducts research on instructional practices, as well as the results and use of the ACCESS and W-APT English language proficiency assessments.

text: WIDA was established in 2003 with a $2.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Education to the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction for the purpose of creating English language proficiency standards and assessments. The purpose of such Enhanced Assessment Grants is to support State activities designed to improve the quality, validity, and reliability of state academic assessments beyond the requirements for such assessments described in section 111(b)(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The consortium originally began with Wisconsin, Delaware, and Arkansas, which were the sources of the acronym WIDA, although Arkansas dropped out.[1] The acronym definitions ("Wisconsin-Delaware-Arkansas" and the acronym developed to match the new constitute states, "World Class Instructional Design and Assessment") are no longer used.[1]

text:
Member State
Department of Education Website

Alabama
http://www.alsde.edu/html/home.asp

Alaska
https://education.alaska.gov/

Colorado
http://www.cde.state.co.us/

Delaware
http://www.doe.k12.de.us/

District of Columbia
http://dcps.dc.gov/portal/site/DCPS/

Florida
http://fldoe.org/

Georgia
http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/

Hawaii
http://doe.k12.hi.us/index.php

Idaho
https://www.sde.idaho.gov/

Illinois
http://www.isbe.state.il.us/

Indiana
http://www.doe.in.gov/

Kentucky
http://www.education.ky.gov/KDE/

Maine
http://www.maine.gov/education/

Maryland
http://www.mdk12.org/

Massachusetts
http://www.doe.mass.edu/

Michigan
http://www.michigan.gov/mde

Minnesota
http://education.state.mn.us/mde/index.html

Missouri
http://dese.mo.gov/

Montana
http://mt.gov/education/default.mcpx

Nevada
http://www.doe.nv.gov/

New Hampshire
http://www.education.nh.gov/

New Jersey
http://www.nj.gov/education/

New Mexico
http://www.ped.state.nm.us/

North Carolina
http://www.ncpublicschools.org/

North Dakota
http://www.dpi.state.nd.us/

Northern Mariana Islands
http://www.cnmipss.org/

Oklahoma
http://sde.state.ok.us/

Pennsylvania
http://www.education.state.pa.us

Puerto Rico
http://www.de.gobierno.pr/

Rhode Island
http://www.ride.ri.gov/

South Carolina
https://ed.sc.gov/

South Dakota
http://doe.sd.gov/

Tennessee
https://www.tn.gov/education/

Utah
http://www.schools.utah.gov/main/

Vermont
http://www.education.vermont.gov/

Virginia
http://www.doe.virginia.gov/

Wisconsin
http://dpi.wi.gov/

Wyoming
http://www.k12.wy.us/

text: WIDA provides several assessments for use with English language learners. The W-APT (WIDA ACCESS Placement Test) is most often used as a screening test to determine the language level of students entering a school system. These results are used most frequently to determine if a student is eligible for ESL or ESOL services. The W-APT test has been in use since 2006. The ACCESS test is given yearly and the results are used to determine the student's growth and progress, as well as to inform instruction for the next year. This test has been administered annually in WIDA member states beginning in the 2005-06 academic year. The WIDA MODEL K-12 assessment is used in the U.S. and several other countries as a test of English language proficiency.

text: In addition to its consortium member state partners, the WIDA project partners with the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) in Washington, D.C. and MetriTech, Inc. of Champaign, IL, and most recently, Data Recognition Corporation (DRC), Maple Grove, MN.

text: The WIDA Consortium administrative office is located in the Wisconsin Center for Education Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.


document_title: The Country Wife

question_text: the main character in wycherley's the country wife

question_tokens: the main character in wycherley 's the country wife

text: The Country Wife

text: Background[edit]

text: After the 18-year Puritan stage ban was lifted at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the theatrical life of London recreated itself quickly and abundantly. During the reign of Charles II (1660–1685), playwrights such as John Dryden, George Etherege, Aphra Behn, and William Wycherley wrote comedies that triumphantly reassert aristocratic dominance and prestige after the years of middle class power during Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth. Reflecting the atmosphere of the Court, these plays celebrate a lifestyle of sensual intrigue and conquest, especially conquest that served to humiliate the husbands of the London middle classes and to avenge, in the sensual arena, the marginalisation and exile suffered by royalists under Cromwell. Charles' personal interest in the stage nourished Restoration drama, and his most favoured courtiers were poets, playwrights, and men of wit, such as John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset, and William Wycherley. Wycherley had no title or wealth, but had by 1675 already recommended himself by two well-received comedies and had been admitted to the inner circle, sharing the conversation and sometimes the mistresses of Charles, who "was extremely fond of him upon account of his wit".[2] In 1675, at age 35, he created a sensation with The Country Wife, greeted as the bawdiest and wittiest play yet seen on the English stage.

text: Like Charles II, Wycherley had spent some Commonwealth years in France and become interested in French drama, and throughout his short playwriting career (1671–1676) he would borrow plotlines and techniques from French plays, particularly Molière. However, in contrast to the French, English audiences of the 1670s had no enthusiasm for structurally simple comedies or for the neoclassical unities of time, place, and action, but demanded fast pace, many complications, and above all "variety". To achieve the much denser texture and more complex plotting that pleased in London, Wycherley would combine several source plays to produce bustling action and clashing moods, ranging from farce through paradox to satire.

text: A Restoration novelty of which Wycherley took advantage was the readiness of public opinion to accept women on stage, for the first time in British history. Audiences were fascinated to see real women reverse the cross-dressing of the Elizabethan boy actors and appear in tight-fitting male outfits in the popular breeches roles, and to hear them match or even outdo the rake heroes in repartee and double entendre. Charles' choice of actresses as mistresses, notably Nell Gwyn, helped keep the interest fresh, and Wycherley plays on this interest in The Country Wife by having Mr. Pinchwife disguise his wife (the eponymous 'country wife') in a boy's outfit. It has also been suggested that he uses the allure of women on display to emphasise in an almost voyeuristic way Margery's provocative innocence, as well as the immodest knowingness of "town" wives like Lady Fidget.[3]

text: Plots[edit]

text: The Country Wife is more neatly constructed than most Restoration comedies, but is typical of its time and place in having three sources and three plots. The separate plots are interlinked but distinct, each projecting a sharply different mood. They may be schematised as Horner's impotence trick, the married life of Pinchwife and Margery, and the courtship of Harcourt and Alithea.

text: 1. Horner's impotence trick provides the play's organising principle and the turning-points of the action. The trick, to pretend impotence to be allowed where no complete man may go, is (distantly) based on the classic Roman comedy Eunuchus by Terence. The upper-class town rake Harry Horner begins a campaign for seducing as many respectable ladies as possible and thus cuckolding or "putting horns on" their husbands: Horner's name serves to alert the audience to what is going on. He spreads a false rumour of his own impotence, to convince married men that he can safely be allowed to socialise with their wives. The rumour is also meant to assist his mass seduction campaign by helping him identify women who are secretly eager for extramarital sex, because those women will react to a supposedly impotent man with tell-tale horror and disgust. This diagnostic trick, which invariably works perfectly, is one of The Country Wife's many running jokes at the expense of hypocritical upper-class women who are rakes at heart.

text: Horner's ruse of impotence is a great success, and he has sex with many ladies of virtuous reputation, mostly the wives and daughters of citizens or "cits", i.e. upwardly mobile businessmen and entrepreneurs of the City of London, as opposed to the Town, the aristocratic quarters where Horner and his friends live. Three such ladies appear on stage, usually together: Lady Fidget, her sister-in-law Mrs Dainty Fidget, and her tag-along friend Mrs Squeamish –  names that convey both a delicate sensitivity about the jewel of reputation, and a certain fidgety physical unease or tickle –  and the dialogue gives an indefinite impression of many more. The play is structured as a farce, driven by Horner's secret and by a succession of near-discoveries of the truth, from which he extricates himself by aplomb and good luck. A final hair-raising threat of exposure comes in the last scene, through the well-meaning frankness of the young country wife Margery Pinchwife. Margery is indignant at the accusations of impotence directed at "poor dear Mr. Horner", which she knows from personal experience to be untrue, and is intent on saying so at the traditional end-of-the-play public gathering of the entire cast. In a final trickster masterpiece, Horner averts the danger, joining forces with his more sophisticated lovers to persuade the jealous Pinchwife to at least pretend to believe Horner impotent and his own wife still innocent. Horner never becomes a reformed character but is assumed to go on reaping the fruits of his planted misinformation, past the last act and beyond.

text: 2. The married life of Pinchwife and Margery is based on Molière's School For Husbands (1661) and School For Wives (1662). Pinchwife is a middle-aged man who has married a naive country girl in the hope that she will not know to cuckold him. However, Horner teaches her, and Margery cuts a swath through the complexities of London upper-class marriage and seduction without even noticing them. Restoration comedies often contrast town and country for humorous effect, and this is one example of it. Both Molière in the School For Wives and Wycherley in The Country Wife get much comic business out of the meeting between, on the one hand, innocent but inquisitive young girls and, on the other hand, the sophisticated 17th-century culture of sexual relations which they encounter. The difference, which would later make Molière acceptable and Wycherley atrocious to 19th-century critics and theatre producers, is that Molière's Agnes is naturally pure and virtuous, while Margery is just the opposite: enthusiastic about the virile handsomeness of town gallants, rakes, and especially theatre actors, she keeps Pinchwife in a state of continual horror with her plain-spokenness and her interest in sex. A running joke is the way Pinchwife's pathological jealousy always leads him into supplying Margery with the very type of information he wishes her not to have.

text: 3. The courtship of Harcourt and Alithea is a conventional love story without any direct source. By means of persistence and true love, the witty Harcourt, Horner's friend, wins the hand of Pinchwife's sister Alithea, who is, when the play opens, engaged to the shallow fop Sparkish. The delay mechanism of this story is that the upright Alithea holds fast virtuously to her engagement to Sparkish, even while his stupid and cynical character unfolds to her. It is only after Alithea has been caught in a misleadingly compromising situation with Horner, and Sparkish has doubted her virtue while Harcourt has not, that she finally admits her love for Harcourt.

text: Key scenes[edit]

text: Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Country Wife

text: Notorious scenes in the play include "the china scene", a sustained double entendre dialogue mostly heard from off stage, where Horner is purportedly discussing his china collection with two of his lady friends. The husband of Lady Fidget and the grandmother of Mrs. Squeamish are listening front stage and nodding in approval, failing to pick up the double meaning which is obvious to the audience. Lady Fidget has already explained to her husband that Horner "knows china very well, and has himself very good, but will not let me see it lest I should beg some. But I will find it out, and have what I came for yet" (IV.iii.110). Dialogue such as this made "china" a dirty word in common conversation, Wycherley later claimed.

text: In another famous scene Lady Fidget's self-styled "virtuous gang" meet up at Horner's lodging to carouse, throw off their public virtue, and behave exactly like male rakes, singing riotous songs and drinking defiant toasts. Finally each of the ladies triumphantly declares that Horner himself is the very lover they have been toasting, and a mayhem of jealousy breaks out as they realise that their friends have also been receiving Horner's favours. But they quickly realise they have no choice but to keep the scandalous secret: "Well then, there's no remedy, sister sharers, let us not fall out, but have a care of our honour" (V.iv.169).

text: A scene of the Pinchwife plot that combines farce and nightmare is Pinchwife's attempt to force Mrs Pinchwife to write a haughty farewell letter to Horner, using the Freudian threat to "write whore with this penknife in your face" (IV.ii.95). Like all Pinchwife's efforts it misfires, giving Mrs Pinchwife instead an opportunity to send Horner a fan letter.

text: Themes and analysis[edit]

text: The dynamics of marriage[edit]

text: People marry for the sake of outward appearances, for example Alithea feels that she has no choice but to marry Sparkish because her status in society expects her to. Wives are treated as property as made evident by Pinchwife who locks Margery in her room and forbids her from speaking to men. Sir Jasper’s marriage to Lady Fidget is beneficial to his business; therefore he treats her as his asset. He constantly asks Horner to “watch” her so that she will have no opportunity to make a cuckold out of him. Furthermore, there is a struggle for dominance between men and women. As Pinchwife says, ‘”If we do not cheat women, they’ll cheat us” is the very basis for the chief plot of the play, “which centers upon the exchange of positions of dominance within his own family.”[4] Pinchwife decides to marry a country woman in the hopes that she will not be clever enough to know how to cheat, but his extremes in preventing her exposure to men leads to his downfall. Only the women are expected to remain faithful to their husbands. As a result, Lady Fidget “uses sex as a means of revenge against their husbands and achieve a kind of moral victory over them by making them what they most fear to be –  cuckolds.”[5]

text: Horner’s position of power[edit]

text: Initially, Horner is confident that he can seek out the married women who are willing to have affairs because they are the ones who do not care about their honor. Horner seems to believe he is in a position of power over the women because their extramarital affair is with him, but his power wanes during the duration of the play. In Act 5, Scene 4, Lady Fidget, Dainty Fidget, and Mistress Squeamish barge into Horner’s lodgings despite his protest, conveying “his lower position that alludes to his disguise: a lowly eunuch.”[5] They talk about him as if he was not present, referring to him as a ‘beast,’ ‘toad,’ and eunuch. Cohen says, “As the ladies grow in aggressive self-confidence, Lady Fidget also ‘claps him on the back’ thereby revealing the altered socio-sexual roles that are now presented.”[5] While Horner thinks he is manipulating the women, he has “exhausted his sexual resources and has, in reality, become that impotent and useless object with the world publicly recognizes him to be.”[5] Horner’s true power is not in relationship to the women, but to the men. He shows his dominance over the men he cuckolds.

text: Horner’s true intentions towards women[edit]

text: Andrew Kaufman claims that although Horner may seem to pretend to despise women because of his pretended state as a eunuch, his hatred towards women is real. When asked whether he enjoys the company of women, “Horner’s language in a constant barrage of hostile wit, discharging hostility which cannot, at the moment, be directly expressed. His characteristic action, verbally, is to ‘unmask’ women.”[6]

text: First performance[edit]

text: The Country Wife was first performed in January 1675, by the King's Company, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. This luxurious playhouse, designed by Christopher Wren and with room for 2,000 spectators, had opened only the year before. It was of compact design, retaining in spite of its large seating capacity much of the intimate actor/audience contact of the Elizabethan theatre, still with an almost Elizabethan-size forestage or apron stage, on which actors would come forward for maximum audience contact.

text: The original cast was listed in the first edition of The Country Wife, as was standard practice, and modern scholars have suggested that this information throws light on Wycherley's intentions.[7] Wycherley wrote with the original actors in mind, tailoring the roles to their strengths. Also, since the audience consisted mostly of habitual playgoers, authors and directors could use the associations of an actor's previous repertoire to enrich or undercut a character, effects familiar on television and in the cinema today.

text: Several of the actors were specialised comedians, notably Joseph Haines who played the false-wit character Sparkish, Alithea's original fiancé. At the outset of his high-profile career as comedian and song-and-dance man, young Haines already had a reputation for eccentricity and dominant stage presence, suggesting that Sparkish is not merely a comic butt for the truewits Horner, Harcourt, and Dorilant to mock, but also a real threat to the romance of Harcourt and Alithea.

text: Pinchwife was played by the elderly Michael Mohun, who was best known for playing menacing villains, such as Volpone and Iago. Mrs. Pinchwife was Elizabeth Boutell or Bowtel, a young actress who had "a childish look. Her voice was weak, tho' very mellow; she generally acted the young innocent lady whom all the heroes are mad in love with".[8] Boutell's previous recorded roles had in fact all been unmarried as well as innocent girls, and Margery was her first married role.[9] Matching Boutell and Mohun as a couple would emphasise "her youth and innocence against Mohun's age and violence".[10] The other husband to be cuckolded by Horner, Sir Jaspar Fidget, was played by another elderly actor, William Cartwright, best known for comic parts such as Falstaff. This casting suggests that Sir Jaspar was played as a straightforwardly comic part, while Pinchwife would be "alarming as well as funny".[10]

text: The male leads Horner and Harcourt were played by the contrasted actors Charles Hart and Edward Kynaston (or Kenaston). The forcefully masculine 45-year-old Hart "was celebrated for superman roles, notably the arrogant, bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden's Conquest of Granada", and also for playing rakish comedy heroes with nonchalance and charisma.[11] Many critics credit the personalities and skills of Hart and Nell Gwyn with creating, as much as any playwright did, the famous flirting/bantering Restoration comedy couple. The beautiful androgynous Kynaston, probably in his early thirties, was a different kind of hero. He had started his career in 1660 as the outstanding Restoration female impersonator[12] –  "the prettiest woman in the whole house"[13] –  before real women entered the profession in the fall of 1660. (The 2004 movie Stage Beauty is loosely based on Kynaston's career.)

text: John Harold Wilson argues that the famously virile stage presence of Hart as Horner must be taken into account when interpreting the play. As personified by Hart, Horner will have won women not so much through clever trickery as "the old-fashioned way", by being "dangerously attractive", and it is only fools like Sir Jaspar Fidget who really believe him harmless.[14] Harcourt/Kynaston, although by 1675 a well-regarded and skilful actor of male roles, would clearly have been overshadowed by Horner/Hart. The actresses associated with each hero must also have tended to make the Horner plot more striking on the stage than the true-love plot. Horner's primary mistress Lady Fidget, spokeswoman for "the virtuous gang" of secretly sex-hungry town wives, was played by the dynamic Elizabeth Knepp, who Samuel Pepys declared "the most excellent, mad-humoured thing, and sings the noblest I've ever heard", talents that the famous drinking scene in Horner's lodging seems designed to do justice to. By contrast, the choice of the bit-part actress Elizabeth James as Alithea would have de-emphasised the Harcourt-Alithea plot. Such historical considerations have made modern critics sceptical of Norman Holland's classic 1959 "right way/wrong way" interpretation of the play, which positions the true-love plot as the most important one.

text: Stage history[edit]

text: The play had a good initial run, although Horner's trick and the notorious china scene immediately raised offence. Wycherley laughed off such criticisms in his next play, The Plain Dealer (1676), where he has the hypocritical Olivia exclaim that the china scene in The Country Wife "has quite taken away the reputation of poor china itself, and sullied the most innocent and pretty furniture of a lady's chamber". Olivia's sensible cousin Eliza insists that she'll go see The Country Wife anyway: "All this will not put me out of conceit with china, nor the play, which is acted today, or another of the same beastly author's, as you call him, which I'll go see."[15] Writing himself into The Plain Dealer as the "beastly author" of the china scene, Wycherley seems more amused than repentant. The Country Wife did in fact survive the complaints to become a dependable repertory play from 1675 till the mid-1740s, but by then public taste had changed too much to put up with the sex jokes any longer. Its last eighteenth century performance in 1753 was followed by a hiatus of 171 years, until the successful Phoenix Society production in 1924 at the Regent Theatre in London. The first-ever American performance of Wycherley's original Country Wife took place in 1931.

text: During its long banishment from the stage, The Country Wife continued a shadowy existence in the form of David Garrick's cleaned-up version The Country Girl (1766), where Margery is a virgin and Horner her romantic lover. This play was very popular, going through at least twenty editions, reaching the New York stage in 1794, and surviving in both London and New York into the twentieth century. The few modern critics who have read Garrick's version typically dismiss it as "sentimental and boring, where The Country Wife is astringent and provocative".[1] Wycherley's original is now again a stage classic, with countless professional and amateur performances, an actors' favourite because of the high number of good parts it offers. The movie Shampoo (1975), with Warren Beatty as the Horner character, is a somewhat distant version of The Country Wife after exactly 300 years, reportedly inspired by the Chichester Festival production of 1969.[16] There was a BBC Play of the Month production of The Country Wife, in 1977, in which Anthony Andrews plays Horner and Helen Mirren plays Margery.

text: The Country Wife was also restaged as a musical –  Lust. Written by the Heather Brothers, it was first performed at the Queens Theatre in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering in 1992. It later transferred to the Theatre Royal Haymarket in London's West End, starring Denis Lawson as Horner. The production & Lawson then moved to the John Houseman Theatre in New York in 1995.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: From its creation until the mid-20th century, The Country Wife was subject to both aesthetic praise and moral outrage. Many critics through the centuries have acknowledged its linguistic energy and wit, including even Victorians such as Leigh Hunt, who praised its literary quality in a selection of Restoration plays that he published in 1840 (itself a daring undertaking, for reputedly "obscene" plays that had been long out of print). However, in an influential review of Hunt's edition, Thomas Babington Macaulay swept aside questions of literary merit, claiming with indignation that "Wycherley's indecency is protected against the critics as a skunk is protected against the hunters. It is safe, because it is too filthy to handle and too noisome even to approach." Margery Pinchwife, regarded in Wycherley's own time as a purely comic character, was denounced by Macaulay as a scarlet woman who threw herself into "a licentious intrigue of the lowest and least sentimental kind".

text: It was Macaulay, not Hunt, who set the keynote for the 19th century. The play was impossible equally to stage and to discuss, forgotten and obscure.

text: Academic critics of the first half of the 20th century continued to approach The Country Wife gingerly, with frequent warnings about its "heartlessness", even as they praised its keen social observation. At this time nobody found it funny, and positive criticism tried to rescue it as satire and social criticism rather than as comedy. Macaulay's "licentious" Mrs. Pinchwife becomes in the 20th century a focus for moral concern: to critics such as Bonamy Dobrée, she is a tragic character, destined to have her naiveté cruelly taken advantage of by the "grim, nightmare figure" of Horner.[17]

text: Modern criticism[edit]

text: The past fifty years have seen a major change, and academic critics have acknowledged the play as a powerful and original work. Norman Holland's widely influential proposal in 1959 of a "right way/wrong way" reading took Wycherley's morality with innovative seriousness and interpreted the play as presenting two bad kinds of masculinity –  Horner's libertinism and Pinchwife's possessiveness –  and recommending the golden mean of Harcourt, the true lover, the representative of mutual trust in marriage. A competing milestone approach of the same generation is that of Rose Zimbardo (1965), who discusses the play in generic and historical terms as a fierce social satire.

text: Both these types of reading have now fallen out of favour; there is little consensus about the meaning of The Country Wife, but its "notorious resistance to interpretation"[18] is having an invigorating rather than damping effect on academic interest. The play's ideological dimension has been emphasised recently. It was written by a courtier for a courtly and aristocratic audience, and Douglas Canfield has pointed to an unusual complication for a courtly play. Horner's acts of cuckolding aggression are directed not only at disrupting middle-class families of "the City", in the usual way of the aristocratic Restoration rake, but also at his own, upper, class, the inhabitants of "the Town" –  the new and fashionable quarters (the future West End) that had sprung up west of the medieval City walls after the Great Fire of London in 1666. The courtier code proposed by Wycherley is of a sexual game. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick argued in Between Men that the game is played not between men and women, but between men by means of women, who are merely the "conduits" of homosocial desire between men. The hierarchy of wits meant that the wittiest and most virile man would win at the game. Thus Horner, as Canfield puts it, "represents not just class superiority, but that subset of class represented by the Town wits, a privileged minority that ... is the jet set identified with the Town and the Court as the loci of real power in the kingdom." The aggressive attack mounted in the china scene against the class and the generation by which Wycherley was patronised with the expectation that he would defend it (against Sir Jaspar Fidget and Lady Fidget), suggests Canfield, would only let an audience of that class laugh comfortably if Horner were punished by actual impotence in the end, which he is not. "When the play concludes with no poetical justice that makes Horner really impotent", writes Canfield, "leaving him instead potent and still on the make, the audience laughs at its own expense: the women of quality nervously because they have been misogynistically slandered; the men of quality nervously because at some level they recognize that class solidarity is just a pleasing fiction."[19]


document_title: List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi

question_text: who won 2017 sahitya academy award in hindi language

text: Recipients[edit]

text:
Year
Author
Work
Type of Work

1955
Makhanlal Chaturvedi
Him Tarangini
Poetry

1956
Vasudeva Saran Agrawal
Padmavat Sanjivani Vyakhya
Commentary

1957
Acharya Narendra Devi
Bauddha Dharma Darshan
Philosophy

1958
Rahul Sankrityayan
Madhya Asia Ka Itihas
History

1959
Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
Sanskriti Ke Char Adhyayay
A survey of Indian culture

1960
Sumitranandan Pant
Kala aur Burha Chand
Poetry

1961
Bhagwati Charan Verma
Bhoole Bisre Chitra
Novel

1962
No Award

1963
Amrit Rai
Premchand: Kalam Ka Sipahi
Biography

1964
S.H. Vatsyayan 'Agyeya'
Aangan Ke Par Dvar
Poetry

1965
Nagendra
Rasa Siddhanta
Treatise on poetics

1966
Jainendra Kumar
Muktibodh
Novelette

1967
Amritlal Nagar
Amrit Aur Vish
Novel

1968
Harivansh Rai Bachchan
Do Chattanen
Poetry

1969
Shrilal Shukla
Raag Darbari
Novel

1970
Ram Vilas Sharma
Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana
Biography

1971
Namwar Singh
Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman
Literary criticism

1972
Bhawani Prasad Mishra
Buni Huyi Rassi
Poetry

1973
Hazari Prasad Dwivedi
Alok Parva
Essays

1974
Shivmangal Singh 'Suman'
Mitti Ki Baraat
Poetry

1975
Bhisham Sahni
Tamas
Novel

1976
Yashpal
Meri Teri Uski Baat
Novel

1977
Shamsher Bahadur Singh
Chuka Bhi Hun Nahin Main
Poetry

1978
Bharat Bhushan Agarwal
Utna Vah Suraj Hai
Poetry

1979
Sudama Pandey
Kal Sunana Mujhe
Poetry

1980
Krishna Sobti
Zindaginama - Zinda Rukh
Novel

1981
Trilochan
Tap Ke Taye Hue Din
Novel

1982
Harishankar Parsai
Viklang Shraddha Ka Daur
Satire

1983
Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena
Khutiyon Par Tange Log
Poetry

1984
Raghuvir Sahay
Log Bhool Gaye Hain
Poetry

1985
Nirmal Verma
Kavve Aur Kala Pani
Short stories

1986
Kedarnath Agarwal
Apurva
Poetry

1987
Shrikant Verma
Magadh
Poetry

1988
Naresh Mehta
Aranya
Poetry

1989
Kedarnath Singh
Akaal Mein Saras
Poetry

1990
Shiv Prasad Singh
Neela Chand
Novel

1991
Girija Kumar Mathur
Main Vaqt Ke Hun Samne
Poetry

1992
Giriraj Kishore
Dhai Ghar
Novel

1993
Vishnu Prabhakar
Ardhanarishwar
Novel

1994
Ashok Vajpeyi
Kahin Nahin Wahin
Poetry

1995
Kunwar Narayan
Koi Doosra Nahin
Poetry

1996
Surendra Verma
Mujhe Chand Chahiye
Novel

1997
Leeladhar Jagoori
Anubhav Ke Aakash Mein Chand
Poetry

1998
Arun Kamal
Naye Ilake Mein
Poetry

1999
Vinod Kumar Shukla
Deewar Main Ek Khirkee Rahathi Thi
Novel

2000
Manglesh Dabral
Hum Jo Dekhte Hain
Poetry

2001
Alka Saraogi
Via Bypass

2002
Rajesh Joshi
Do Panktiyon Ke Beech
Poetry

2003
Kamleshwar
Kitne Pakistan
Novel

2004
Viren Dangwal
Dushchakra Mein Srista
Poetry

2005
Manohar Shyam Joshi
Kyap
Novel

2006
Gyanendrapati
Sanshyatma
Poetry

2007
Amar Kant
Inhin Hathiyaron Se
Novel

2008
Govind Mishra[2]
Kohre Mein Kaid Rang
Novel

2009
Kailash Vajpeyi [3]
Hawa mein Hastakshar
Poetry

2010
Uday Prakash [4]
Mohan Das[5]
Short stories

2011
Kashinath Singh[6]
Rehan Par Ragghu

2012
Chandrakant Devtale[7]
Patthar fenk Raha Hoon
Poetry

2013
Mridula Garg[8]
Miljul Man
Novel

2014
Ramesh Chandra Shah[9]
Vinayak
Novel

2015
Ramdarash Mishra
Aag Ki Hansi
Poetry

2016
Nasira Sharma
Parijat
Novel

2017
Ramesh Kuntal
"Vishw Mithak Sarit Sagar"


document_title: Shirley Temple (beverage)

question_text: what are the ingredients of a shirley temple

text: Shirley Temple (beverage)

text:
Shirley Temple

Cocktail

Shirley Temple (left) and a Cosmopolitan (right)

Type
Mixed drink

Standard garnish
Maraschino cherry

text: A Shirley Temple is a non-alcoholic mixed drink traditionally made with ginger ale and a splash of grenadine, garnished with a maraschino cherry.[1][2][3][4] Modern Shirley Temple recipes may substitute lemon-lime soda or lemonade and sometimes orange juice in part, or in whole.[5][6]

text: Shirley Temples are often served to children dining with adults in lieu of real cocktails, as is the similar Roy Rogers.

text: The cocktail may have been invented by a bartender at Chasen's, a restaurant in West Hollywood, California, to serve then-child actress Shirley Temple. However, other claims to its origin have been made.[7]

text: Temple herself was not a fan of the drink, as she told Scott Simon in an NPR interview in 1986: "The saccharine sweet, icky drink? Yes, well... those were created in the probably middle 1930s by the Brown Derby Restaurant in Hollywood and I had nothing to do with it. But, all over the world, I am served that. People think it's funny. I hate them. Too sweet!"[8]

text: Adding an ounce and a half of vodka or rum produces a "Dirty Shirley".[9]


document_title: Loyola Ramblers men's basketball

question_text: when was the last time loyola made march madness

text: Loyola Ramblers men's basketball

text: Racial integration[edit]

text: The Loyola University Chicago teams of the early 1960s, coached by George Ireland, are thought to be responsible for ushering in a new era of racial equality in the sport by shattering all remaining color barriers in NCAA men's basketball. Beginning in 1961, Loyola broke the longstanding gentlemen's agreement (not to play more than three black players at any given time), putting as many as four black players on the court at every game.[5] For the 1962–63 season, Ireland played four black Loyola starters in every game. That season, Loyola also became the first team in NCAA Division I history to play an all-black lineup, doing so in a game against Wyoming on December 29, 1962.[6] In that season's NCAA tournament, Loyola defeated the all-white team of then-segregated Mississippi State by a score of 61–51, a game especially notable because the Bulldogs defied a state court order prohibiting them from playing against a school with black players.

text: In 1963, Loyola shocked the nation and changed college basketball forever by starting four black players in the NCAA Championship game.[7] Loyola's stunning upset of two-time defending NCAA champion Cincinnati, in overtime by a score of 60–58, was the crowning achievement in the school's nearly decade long struggle with racial inequality in men's college basketball, highlighted by the tumultuous events of that year's NCAA Tournament.[8] Loyola's 1963 NCAA title was historic not only for the racial makeup of Loyola's team, but also due to the fact that Cincinnati had started three black players, making seven of the 10 starters in the 1963 NCAA Championship game black.[9]

text: Postseason[edit]

text: NCAA Tournament results[edit]

text: The Ramblers have appeared in six NCAA Tournaments. Their combined record is 13–5. They were National Champions in 1963.[7] On March 24, 2018, the Ramblers defeated Kansas State 78–62 to advance to play in their second Final Four in school history.[10]

text:
Year
Seed
Round
Opponent
Result

1963
–
Round of 25
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Tennessee Tech
Mississippi State
Illinois
Duke
Cincinnati
W 111–42
W 61–51
W 79–64
W 94–75
W 60–58

1964
–
Round of 25
Sweet Sixteen
Regional 3rd Place Game
Murray State
Michigan
Kentucky
W 101–91
L 84–80
W 100–91

1966
–
Round of 22
Western Kentucky
L 105–86

1968
–
Round of 23
Houston
L 94–76

1985
#4
Round of 64
Round of 32
Sweet Sixteen
#13 Iona
#5 SMU
#1 Georgetown
W 59–58
W 70–57
L 65–53

2018
#11
Round of 64
Round of 32
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
#6 Miami (FL)
#3 Tennessee
#7 Nevada
#9 Kansas State
#3 Michigan
W 64–62[11]
W 63–62[12]
W 69–68
W 78–62
L 69–57

text: NIT results[edit]

text: The Ramblers have appeared in four National Invitation Tournaments. Their combined record is 6–4.

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

1939
Semifinals
Championship Game
St. John's
Long Island
W 51–46
L 32–44

1949
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Championship Game
CCNY
Kentucky
Bradley
San Francisco
W 62–47
W 61–56
W 55–50
L 47–48

1962
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Third Place
Temple
Dayton
Duquesne
W 75–64
L 82–98
W 95-84

1980
First Round
Illinois
L 87–105

text: CBI results[edit]

text: The Ramblers have appeared in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI) once, winning it in 2015. Their record is 5–0.

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

2015
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals Game 1
Finals Game 2
Rider
Oral Roberts
Seattle
Louisiana–Monroe
Louisiana–Monroe
W 62–59
W 86–78
W 63–48
W 65–58
W 63–62

text: Yearly records[edit]

text:
Season
Coach
Overall
Conference
Standing
Postseason

Unknown (1913–1915)

1913–14
Unknown
0–2
–

1914–15
Unknown
8–3
–

Unknown:
8–5 (.615)

Percy Moore (1915–1916)

1915–16
Percy Moore
10–3
–

Percy Moore:
10–3 (.769)

Unknown (1916–1917)

1916–17
Unknown
1–3
–

Unknown:
1–3 (.250)

Bill Feeney (1920–1921)

1920–21
Bill Feeney
7–4
–

Bill Feeney:
7–4 (.636)

Harry Rhodes (1921–1922)

1921–22
Harry Rhodes
0–6
–

Harry Rhodes:
0–6 (.000)

Jack Tierney (1922–1923)

1922–23
Jack Tierney
5–7
–

Jack Tierney:
5–7 (.417)

Lenny Sachs (1923–1942)

1923–24
Lenny Sachs
8–11
–

1924–25
Lenny Sachs
4–11
–

1925–26
Lenny Sachs
13–8
–

1926–27
Lenny Sachs
13–4
–

1927–28
Lenny Sachs
16–4
–

1928–29
Lenny Sachs
16–0
–

1929–30
Lenny Sachs
13–5
–

1930–31
Lenny Sachs
8–7
–

1931–32
Lenny Sachs
15–2
–

1932–33
Lenny Sachs
14–7
–

1933–34
Lenny Sachs
7–8
–

1934–35
Lenny Sachs
5–14
–

1935–36
Lenny Sachs
8–8
–

1936–37
Lenny Sachs
16–3
–

1937–38
Lenny Sachs
12–8
–

1938–39
Lenny Sachs
21–1
–

NIT Runner-Up

1939–40
Lenny Sachs
5–14
–

1940–41
Lenny Sachs
13–8
–

1941–42
Lenny Sachs
17–6
–

Lenny Sachs:
224–129 (.635)

John Connelly (1942–1943)

1942–43
John Connelly
12–10
–

John Connelly:
12–10 (.545)

Tom Haggerty (1945–1950)

1945–46
Tom Haggerty
23–4
–

1946–47
Tom Haggerty
20–9
–

1947–48
Tom Haggerty
26–9
–

1948–49
Tom Haggerty
25–6
–

NIT Runner-Up

1949–50
Tom Haggerty
17–13
–

Tom Haggerty:
111–41 (.730)

John Jordan (1950–1951)

1950–51
John Jordan
15–14
–

John Jordan:
15–14 (.517)

George Ireland (1951–1975)

1951–52
George Ireland
17–8
–

1952–53
George Ireland
8–15
–

1953–54
George Ireland
8–15
–

1954–55
George Ireland
13–11
–

1955–56
George Ireland
10–14
–

1956–57
George Ireland
14–10
–

1957–58
George Ireland
16–8
–

1958–59
George Ireland
11–13
–

1959–60
George Ireland
10–12
–

1960–61
George Ireland
15–8
–

1961–62
George Ireland
23–4
–

NIT Semifinals

1962–63
George Ireland
29–2
–

NCAA Champions

1963–64
George Ireland
22–6
–

NCAA Second Round

1964–65
George Ireland
11–14
–

1965–66
George Ireland
22–3
–

NCAA First Round

1966–67
George Ireland
14–9
–

1967–68
George Ireland
16–9
–

NCAA First Round

1968–69
George Ireland
9–14
–

1969–70
George Ireland
13–11
–

1970–71
George Ireland
4–20
–

1971–72
George Ireland
8–14
–

1972–73
George Ireland
8–15
–

1973–74
George Ireland
12–14
–

George Ireland:
321–255 (.557)

Jerry Lyne (1974–1980)

1974–75
George Ireland
Jerry Lyne
8–6
2–9
–

1975–76
Jerry Lyne
10–16
–

1976–77
Jerry Lyne
13–13
–

1977–78
Jerry Lyne
16–11
–

1978–79
Jerry Lyne
12–15
–

Midwestern City/Horizon League (1980–2013)

1979–80
Jerry Lyne
19–10
5–0
1st
NIT First Round

Jerry Lyne:
72–74 (.493)
5–0 (1.000)

Gene Sullivan (1980–1989)

1980–81
Gene Sullivan
13–15
7–4
T–2nd

1981–82
Gene Sullivan
17–12
8–4
T–2nd

1982–83
Gene Sullivan
19–10
12–2
1st

1983–84
Gene Sullivan
20–9
10–4
2nd

1984–85
Gene Sullivan
27–6
13–1
1st
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

1985–86
Gene Sullivan
13–16
7–5
T–3rd

1986–87
Gene Sullivan
16–13
8–4
T–1st

1987–88
Gene Sullivan
13–16
3–7
5th

1988–89
Gene Sullivan
11–17
4–8
T–5th

Gene Sullivan:
149–114 (.567)
72–39 (.649)

Will Rey (Horizon League) (1989–1994)

1989–90
Will Rey
7–22
3–11
T–6th

1990–91
Will Rey
10–19
3–11
7th

1991–92
Will Rey
13–16
2–8
5th

1992–93
Will Rey
7–20
3–11
T–7th

1993–94
Will Rey
8–19
1–9
6th

Will Rey:
45–96 (.319)
12–50 (.194)

Ken Burmeister (Horizon League) (1994–1998)

1994–95
Ken Burmeister
5–22
2–13
11th

1995–96
Ken Burmeister
8–19
5–11
T–6th

1996–97
Ken Burmeister
12–15
7–9
5th

1997–98
Ken Burmeister
15–15
6–8
T–5th

Ken Burmeister:
40–71 (.360)
20–41 (.328)

Larry Farmer (Horizon League) (1998–2004)

1998–99
Larry Farmer
9–18
7–7
4th

1999-00
Larry Farmer
14–14
4–10
8th

2000–01
Larry Farmer
7–21
2–12
8th

2001–02
Larry Farmer
17–13
9–7
T–4th

2002–03
Larry Farmer
15–16
9–7
T–4th

2003–04
Larry Farmer
9–20
4–12
T–7th

Larry Farmer:
71–102 (.410)
35–55 (.389)

Jim Whitesell (Horizon League) (2004–2011)

2004–2005
Jim Whitesell
13–17
8–8
T-4th

2005–2006
Jim Whitesell
19–11
8–8
T-3rd

2006–2007
Jim Whitesell
21–11
10–6
3rd

2007–2008
Jim Whitesell
12–19
6–12
7th

2008–2009
Jim Whitesell
14–18
6–12
8th

2009–2010
Jim Whitesell
14–16
5–13
8th

2010–2011
Jim Whitesell
16–15
7–11
8th

Jim Whitesell:
109–107 (.505)
50–70 (.417)

Porter Moser (Horizon League) (2011–2013)

2011–2012
Porter Moser
7–23
1–17
10th

2012–2013
Porter Moser
15–16
5–11
7th

Porter Moser (Missouri Valley Conference) (2013–present)

2013–2014
Porter Moser
10–22
4–14
10th

2014–2015
Porter Moser
24–13
8–10
6th
CBI Champions

2015–2016
Porter Moser
15–17
7–11
8th

2016–2017
Porter Moser
18–14
8–10
5th

2017–2018
Porter Moser
32–6
15-3
1st
NCAA Final Four

Porter Moser:
121–111 (.522)
48–76 (.387)

Total:
1321–1152 (.534)

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

text: Awards[edit]

text: All-Americans

text:
1929, 1930 – Charlie “Feed” Murphy
1937 – Marv Colen
1938, 1939 – Mike Novak
1938, 1939 – Wibs Kautz
1948 – Jack Kerris
1952 – Nick Kladis
1962, 1963 – Jerry Harkness
1967 – Jim Tillman
1970, 1972 – LaRue Martin
1982 – Wayne Sappleton
1985 – Alfredrick Hughes
2006 – Blake Schilb (Honorable Mention)[13]
2018 – Clayton Custer (Honorable Mention)

text: Academic All-Americans

text: 2013 – Ben Averkamp (Second Team)

text: MCC/Missouri Valley Coach of the Year

text:
1985 – Gene Sullivan[14]
2018 – Porter Moser[15]

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley Player of the Year

text:
1981 – Darius Clemons[16]
1982 – Wayne Sappleton[16]
1983, 1984, 1985 – Alfredrick Hughes[16]
1987 – Andre Moore[16]
2018 – Clayton Custer[17][16]

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley First Team

text:
1981 – Darius Clemons
1981, 1982 – Wayne Sappleton
1983, 1984, 1985 – Alfredrick Hughes
1984, 1986 – Carl Golston
1985 – Andre Battle
1986, 1987 – Andre Moore
1987 – Bernard Jackson
1988 – Gerald Hayward
1990, 1991 – Keith Gailes
1992 – Keir Rogers
1998, 1999 – Javan Goodman
2001, 2002 – David Bailey
2004 – Paul McMillan
2005, 2006, 2007 – Blake Schilb
2017 – Milton Doyle
2018 – Clayton Custer

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley Second Team

text:
1980, 1982 – Darius Clemons
1983 – Andre Battle
1985 – Carl Golston
1985 – Andre Moore
1988 – Kenny Miller
1989 – Keith Gailes
1994 – Vernell Brent
1996, 1997 – Derek Molis
2000 – Earl Brown
2003 – David Bailey
2012, 2013 – Ben Averkamp
2018 – Donte Ingram

text: Missouri Valley Conference Third Team

text:
2017 – Donte Ingram
2018 – Cameron Krutwig

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley All-Defensive Team

text:
1998, 2000 – Earl Brown
2004 – Demetrius Williams
2006, 2007 – Majak Kou
2018 – Ben Richardson

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley Newcomer of the Year

text:
1984 – Carl Golston
1986 – Bernard Jackson
1988 – Kenny Miller
1989 – Keith Gailes
2003 – Paul McMillan
2014 – Milton Doyle

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley All-Newcomer Team

text:
1988 – Kenny Miller
1993 – Vernell Brent
1996 – Derek Molis
1999 – Chris Williams
2003 – Paul McMillan
2003 – Demetrius Williams
2006 – Leon Young
2014 – Milton Doyle
2017 – Aundre Jackson
2018 – Cameron Krutwig

text: Missouri Valley Freshman of the Year

text: Missouri Valley All-Freshman Team

text:
2014 – Milton Doyle
2018 – Cameron Krutwig
2018 – Lucas Williamson

text: Missouri Valley Sixth Man of the Year

text: 2017 – Aundre Jackson

text: Missouri Valley Defensive MVP

text: 2018 – Ben Richardson

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley Tournament MVP

text:
1983, 1985 – Alfredrick Hughes
2018 – Donte Ingram

text: MCC/Horizon League/Missouri Valley All-Tournament Team

text:
1980, 1982 – Darius Clemons
1982 – Wayne Sappleton
1983, 1985 – Alfredrick Hughes
1984, 1985 – Carl Golston
1985 – Andre Battle
1986 – Carl Golston
1987 – Bernard Jackson
1987 – Andre Moore
1989, 1990, 1991 – Keith Gailes
1992 – Keir Rogers
2002 – David Bailey
2002 – Ryan Blankson
2005, 2007 – Blake Schilb
2018 – Donte Ingram, Ben Richardson, Marques Townes

text: Ramblers in the NBA Draft[edit]

text:
Year
Player
Team
Round

1949
Jack Kerris
Chicago
Second

1952
Nick Kladis
Philadelphia
Third

1962
Jerry Harkness
Syracuse
Eighth

1963
Jerry Harkness
New York
Second

1964
Les Hunter
Detroit
Second

1964
Vic Rouse
Cincinnati
Seventh

1964
Ron Miller
Baltimore
Seventh

1966
Billy Smith
Cincinnati
Ninth

1968
Jim Tillman
Chicago
Fifth

1968
Corky Bell
Chicago
Ninth

1970
Wade Fuller
Cincinnati
Fourth

1970
Walter Robertson
Cleveland
Eighth

1972
LaRue Martin
Portland
First

1976
Ralph Vallot
Washington
Seventh

1978
Andre Wakefield
Phoenix
Fifth

1979
Larry Knight
Utah
First

1980
LeRoy Stampley
Phoenix
Fourth

1981
Kevin Sprewer
Utah
Sixth

1982
Wayne Sappleton
Golden State
Second

1982
Darius Clemons
San Diego
Fourth

1985
Alfredrick Hughes
San Antonio
First

1985
Andre Battle
Boston
Third

1987
Andre Moore
Denver
Second

1987
Bernard Jackson
Portland
Sixth

text: Ramblers players in the NBA/ABA[edit]

text:
Jack Dwan (1949)
Ed Earle (1954)
Don Hanrahan (1953)
Jerry Harkness (1964–1969)
Alfredrick Hughes (1986)
Les Hunter (1965–1973)
Wilbert Kautz (1947)
Jack Kerris (1950–1953)
LaRue Martin (1973–1976)
Andre Moore (1988)
Jerry Nagel (1950)
Mike Novak (1949–1950)
Mickey Rottner (1947–1948)
Wayne Sappleton (1985)
Andre Wakefield (1979–1980)
Milton Doyle (2017-present)

text: Associations[edit]

text: Ramblers 4 - NBA 2k18 "Pro-am" basketball team[18]

text: Members[edit]

text: GM: Nick Bonfiglio

text: Alex Adams

text: Connor Blair

text: Andrew Heyman

text: Owen Heyman

text: Mason Huntermark

text: Paul Martin

text: Michael Nearhood

text: Reese Wamer