document_title: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure

question_text: who played joan of arc in bill and ted's excellent adventure

question_tokens: who played joan of arc in bill and ted 's excellent adventure

text: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Futuristic City, 2688, humanity exists as a utopian society due to the inspiration of the music and wisdom of the Two Great Ones: Bill S. Preston, Esq. (Alex Winter) and Ted "Theodore" Logan (Keanu Reeves). Rufus (George Carlin) is tasked by the leaders to travel back to San Dimas, California, in 1988 using a time machine disguised as a telephone booth to ensure that Bill and Ted, who are dimwitted metalhead slacker high school students, get a good grade in their final history oral report and pass the class. Should they fail, Ted's father, Police Captain John Logan (Hal Langdon), plans to ship Ted to a military academy in Alaska, ending Bill and Ted's fledgling band, the "Wyld Stallyns", thus altering the future. Bill, meanwhile, has a crush on his father's new wife Missy (Amy Stock-Poynton) who's just a few years older than Bill himself.

text: Bill and Ted struggle with the report, which asks them to envision how three historical figures would see San Dimas in the present. While they are asking strangers at the local Circle K convenience store for help, Rufus arrives in the time machine. The two are distrustful until the time machine arrives again nearby, out from which step future versions of Bill and Ted. They prove to their younger selves that they are really them and that they should trust Rufus. They privately ask Rufus a question and then depart. The younger versions of Bill and Ted accept Rufus' offer to take them into the past. Rufus takes them to a battlefield in Austria, 1805 where Napoleon Bonaparte (Terry Camilleri) is commanding the French army against Austria. They return to the present, unaware that the time machine has caught Napoleon in its wake and pulled him along. Landing near Ted's house, Rufus reminds them that they must still reach the school on time to give their report and then departs, returning the time machine to them. The two discover Napoleon after he falls out of a nearby tree, and come up with the idea of kidnapping other historical figures to bring to the present. They leave Napoleon with Ted's younger brother, Deacon (Frazier Bain), and start traveling through time.

text: The two befriend Billy the Kid (Dan Shor) in The Old West, 1879 and Socrates (Tony Steedman) in Ancient Greece, 410 BC before stopping in London, 1461 where they become infatuated with Princesses Elizabeth (Kimberley Kates) and Joanna (Diane Franklin). The teens anger the princesses' father, Henry VI of England (John Karlsen), who orders their beheading, but they are rescued by Billy and Socrates. They are forced to leave without the princesses and, in the escape, the telephone booth is damaged. Dialing a random number, they land next in the Utopian future, where Bill and Ted are amazed by the music playing and that the citizens worship them. They leave after a brief stay and, believing they have plenty of time before the report, start collecting more historical figures for extra credit, including Sigmund Freud (Rod Loomis) in Vienna, 1901, Ludwig van Beethoven (Clifford David) in Kassel, 1810, Joan of Arc (Jane Wiedlin) in Orléans, 1429, Genghis Khan (Al Leong) in Mongolia, 1209, and Abraham Lincoln (Robert V. Barron) in Washington, D.C. in 1863. Having run out of room in the phone booth, Bill and Ted finally discover the time machine is damaged.

text: After making ad hoc repairs to the time machine, Bill and Ted try to return to the present but land outside the Circle K, recognizing the situation they previously witnessed. After reassuring their younger selves, they learn from Rufus how to dial the right number to get to their present and that they are running out of time. Once they arrive to the present, Bill's mother has him, Ted, and the historical figures get their household chores done before taking them to the local mall, where the historical figures are left to experience San Dimas while Bill and Ted look for Napoleon; Ted finds Deacon had ditched Napoleon earlier out of embarrassment, but they later find him at the water slide park "Waterloo" (the name based on the Napoleon's famous battle of "Waterloo"). Meanwhile, the historical figures had caused trouble at the mall and have been arrested by Captain Logan. Upon discovering this, Bill and Ted figure out how they can use the time machine to set up an event at the police station to allow them to free the historical figures without getting caught. After freeing them, Bill's mother drives them all to the high school and arrive just in time, where they give an impressive presentation with the help of the historical figures that receives a standing ovation. They pass their course and return the historical figures to their proper times.

text: Later, as Bill and Ted are practicing, Rufus arrives, showing he had rescued the princesses from England and introduced them to the modern world, and that they become part of Wyld Stallyns. Elated, Bill and Ted resume their practice with their usual ineptitude, with Rufus breaking the fourth wall and promising, "They do get better..."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Main

Keanu Reeves as Ted "Theodore" Logan
Alex Winter as Bill S. Preston Esq.
George Carlin as Rufus

Historical Figures

Terry Camilleri as Napoleon Bonaparte
Dan Shor as Billy the Kid
Tony Steedman as Socrates
Rod Loomis as Sigmund Freud
Al Leong as Genghis Khan
Jane Wiedlin as Joan of Arc
Robert V. Barron as Abraham Lincoln
Clifford David as Ludwig van Beethoven

Supporting

Hal Landon Jr. as Captain Jonathan "John" Logan
Bernie Casey as Mr. Ryan
Amy Stock-Poynton as Missy/Mom Preston
J. Patrick McNamara as Mr. Preston
Frazier Bain as Deacon Logan
John Karlsen as Evil Duke
Diane Franklin as Princess Joanna
Kimberley LaBelle as Princess Elizabeth

The Three Supreme Beings of the Future

Clarence Clemons
Martha Davis
Fee Waybill

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot in 1987 in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area, mostly in and around Scottsdale's Coronado High School. Coronado's auditorium was torn down during 2005-07 renovations, but its unique roof and intricate exterior mosaic, seen in an opening scene when Bill and Ted leave school in a red Mustang, was saved and moved, piece by piece, to the new auditorium. The interior shots of the auditorium were filmed inside the East High School auditorium, which was in Phoenix on 48th Street just north of Van Buren. East High School was demolished in 2002 as part of a redevelopment project. The production also shot a sequence on the Western Street on the back lot of Southwestern Studio in Carefree, Arizona. Odescalchi castle was used as Henry VI's castle.

text: The scenes at Waterloo are a combination of establishing shots at Raging Waters in San Dimas and shots with the actors at Golfland Sunsplash in Mesa, Arizona. The bowling alley was a Fair Lanes-branded alley at that time but is now the AMF Tempe Village Lanes on Rural Road at US 60, three miles south of Arizona State University. The mall was Phoenix Metrocenter, between Peoria and Dunlap Avenues at Interstate 17. It has since been renovated and no longer looks as it did in the film. The Circle K store is at the intersection of Southern and Hardy in Tempe.[4][5]

text: The film also employs computer-generated imagery for the scenes where Bill & Ted are travelling through the 'Circuits of Time', created by the VFX house Perpetual Motion Pictures.

text: The film's writers, Ed Solomon and Chris Matheson, appear in the film's ice cream scene. Solomon is credited as the "stupid" waiter, and Matheson is credited as the "ugly" waiter. They are given similar credits in Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey.

text: When Rufus plays his guitar solo, the hands in the close-up are those of Stevie Salas, who composed the film's guitar music.[6]

text: The film took nearly two years to make. Filming took place from February to May 1987[7] and it was planned to be released in 1988. However, the film's original distributor, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, went bankrupt. Orion Pictures and Nelson Entertainment bought the rights to the movie in 1988, and it was released theatrically on February 17, 1989.[8] As a partial result of the delay, certain dates in the film originally scripted as "1987" had to be re-dubbed as "1988". The copyright date of this film is 1989, while 1988 incorrectly appears on the DVD cover (though some copies still note 1989 as its release date) and 1987 appears on the back of the Blu-ray release.

text: It was followed in 1991 by a sequel, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey.

text: Writing for Wired to mark the 25th anniversary of the film's release, Angela Watercutter noted:

text: "There's a longstanding urban legend that Reeves auditioned for the role of Bill and Winter auditioned for Ted, but that's not exactly how Winter remembers it. 'The reason that that ended up in lore was because at a certain point Keanu got it in his head that he was playing Bill and I was playing Ted,' he says. 'To be fair to Reeves, it's possible that out of the 80 trillion times we had to do the scenes [in auditions] the very, very last time we went in he happened to get the Bill sides and I happened to get the Ted sides.' After Reeves found out he was playing Ted, though, he was Sad Keanu. 'We're sitting in the office waiting to meet the producers for the first time and I'm pretty jazzed and he's miserable,' Winters says. 'I'm like, "Dude, what's wrong? We finally got it after all this bullshit," you know? And he's like, "Yeah, but I'm Ted." And I was like, "Yeah, you're Ted. That's awesome." He was like, "I thought I was Bill." I was like, "What fucking difference does it make? For god's sake, they're completely interchangeable. If you want you can be Bill and I'll be Ted, I really don't care. It's not going to impact the way I play this guy one iota.'"[9]

text: Differences from original script[edit]

text: In earlier drafts of the script, Rufus was 28 years old and historical figures Bill and Ted plucked from history included Charlemagne (whom they referred to as "Charlie Mangay"), Babe Ruth, and a non-famous medieval person called "John the Serf". John is listed in the credits.[10]

text: In a 1991 interview, co-writer Ed Solomon said the characters of Bill and Ted were originally envisaged as "14-year-old skinny guys, with low-rider bell-bottoms and heavy metal T-shirts" who were despised by the popular kids at school. Casting Reeves and Winter changed the filmmakers' images of the characters because "...once you cast Alex and Keanu, who look like pretty cool guys, that was hard to believe".[11]

text: Originally, the time machine was to be a 1969 Chevrolet van, but the idea was abandoned as being too close in concept to the DeLorean used in the Back to the Future trilogy.[9] Instead, despite the similarities to Doctor Who's time machine, the TARDIS, the film's time machine was styled after a 1960s American telephone booth, though a newer model Ford van would be used as the rock concert "band wagon" for the sequel.

text: In April 2013, Winter commented on Carlin's casting: "He was a very happy accident. They were going after serious people first. Like Sean Connery. And someone had the idea, way after we started shooting, of George. That whole movie was a happy accident. No one thought it would ever see the light of day."[12]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
1989

Genre
Hard rock, heavy metal, glam rock, glam metal, pop rock, rock 'n' roll

Length
40:32

Label
A&M Records

text: The film's soundtrack was released in 1989. The tracks are as follows:

text:
"Play with Me" by Extreme
"The Boys and Girls Are Doing It" by Vital Signs
"Not So Far Away" by Glen Burtnik
"Dancing with a Gypsy" by Tora Tora
"Father Time" by Shark Island
"I Can't Break Away" by Big Pig
"Dangerous" by Shark Island
"Walk Away" by Bricklin
"In Time" by Robbie Robb feat. Stevie Salas
"Two Heads Are Better Than One" by Power Tool

text: These tracks are ordered for the album differently than they are in the movie. In the movie, the songs show up in the following order: "I Can't Break Away", "Dancing with a Gypsy", "Father Time", "Dangerous", "In Time", "Two Heads Are Better Than One", "The Boys and Girls Are Doing It", "Play with Me", "Walk Away", "Not So Far Away" and "Two Heads" (reprised over the credits).

text: The following songs appeared in the film but were not included in the soundtrack:[citation needed]

text:
"No Right to Do Me Wrong" by Range War
"Party Up" by Rori
"Bad Guitar" by Stevie 'No Wonder' Salas
"Carlin's Solo" by Hands of Flutes
"Game of War" by Warrant

text: Related productions[edit]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A theatrical sequel, Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, was released in 1991.

text: A third theatrical film in the Bill & Ted franchise was planned, and a screenplay was written, though it never got past the pre-production phase. Although rumors claimed that the script was adapted into the 1996 film Bio-Dome, Alex Winter has said that it was not.[13]

text: In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film,[14] confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete.[15] Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both liked the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years.[16] The current script does not feature the return of the Grim Reaper from Bogus Journey, but since actor William Sadler has expressed interest, the writers are considering ways to include the character.[17] In August 2012, Dean Parisot (director of the sci-fi/comedy film Galaxy Quest) signed on to direct the film, although MGM, which holds the rights to the Bill & Ted franchise, has yet to give the movie an official greenlight.[18] In an April 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary, Alex Winter reported that work on going ahead with the second sequel was still in progress.[11]

text: Television[edit]

text: Two spin-off television series were produced; both were titled Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures.

text:
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures was an animated series that first ran on CBS in 1990, and featured the voices of Winter, Reeves and Carlin returning to their roles in the film. A second season of eight episodes ran on Fox Kids, with the voice cast of Fox's upcoming live-action series.
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures was a live-action series that ran only seven episodes on Fox in the summer of 1992. It featured none of the cast from the film apart from Lisa Wilcox. Evan Richards and Christopher Kennedy played Bill and Ted.[19]

text: Comics[edit]

text: DC Comics produced a tie-in comic following the plot of the first movie timed to coincide with that film's release on home video.[20] The sequel was adapted by DC's competitor Marvel Comics, published to coincide with the second film's release in theaters. Its popularity led to the ongoing Marvel series Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book by Evan Dorkin, which lasted for 12 issues.[21]

text: There was a weekly 2/4 page semi-adaptation of the animated series published for a year by UK's defunct Look-In Magazine from 1991 to 1992.[22]

text: Video games[edit]

text: There were also Game Boy, NES and Atari Lynx games released, which were very loosely based on the film's plot. A PC title and nearly identical Amiga and Commodore 64 port were made in 1991 by Off the Wall Productions and IntraCorp, Inc. under contract by Capstone Software and followed the original film very closely.

text: Theme parks[edit]

text: The annual Halloween Horror Nights events at Universal Studios Orlando and Hollywood have featured since 1992 (Orlando) and 1997-1999/2007 (Hollywood) Bill & Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure, a show satirizing pop culture of the year with Bill & Ted as the protagonists fighting villains who steal their phone booth for their own schemes.

text: The show differs from year to year, with spoofs of various pop culture icons. The main plot involves Bill and Ted being threatened by an evil villain from a popular film of that year, with appearances by a host of villains, heroes, and celebrities. The show usually includes elaborate dance numbers, stunts, and multiple double-entendres for the late night event crowd.[23][24] In 2013, the Hollywood version of the show was cancelled in the middle of its run following complaints of homophobic humor.[25]

text: On August 15, 2017, Universal announced that 2017 will be the final year of Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure in Orlando.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure grossed $40.4 million domestically on a budget of about $10 million.[27] The Washington Post gave the film a negative review, finding the script written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon as "made only the sketchiest attempts to draw their historical characters. They exist as foils and nothing else, and the gags that are hung on them are far from first-rate", and that if director "Stephen Herek, has any talent for comedy, it's not visible here. More than anything, the picture looks paltry and undernourished."[28] Variety wrote about each historical figure that Bill & Ted meet, stating that "Each encounter is so brief and utterly cliched that history has little chance to contribute anything to this pic’s two dimensions."[29] Vincent Canby of The New York Times referred to the film as a "painfully inept comedy" and that the "one dimly interesting thing about Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure is the way the two teen-age heroes communicate in superlatives. We are about to fail most egregiously, says Ted to Bill, or maybe it's Bill to Ted. They are also fond of odd words, such as bodacious."[30] In the Los Angeles Times, Chris Willman was also unimpressed, concluding: "Make no mistake, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure […] is not a satire of mindlessness; it's unabashed glorification of dumbness for dumbness' sake. Bill and Ted are heroic in their ability to reduce some of history's great minds to their level.[3] However, writing for Radio Times, Alan Jones decided: "A nonstop giggle from start to finish, this beguiling grab-bag of time-travel clichés, hard-rock music and Valley-speaking cool dudes is a flawless, purpose-built junk movie".[31]

text: The film has an 78% "Certified fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 45 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10, the site's critical consensus reads: "Keanu Reeves and Alex Winter are just charming, goofy, and silly enough to make this fluffy time-travel Adventure work".[32]

text: The successes of the film and the animated series spawned a short-lived breakfast cereal called Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal.[33]

text: The phone booth used in the film was given away in a contest presented by Nintendo Power magazine, to promote Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure. It was won by Kenneth Grayson of Mississippi.[34][35]

text: In 2010, the city of San Dimas celebrated 50 years of incorporation. The celebration's slogan was San Dimas, 1960–2010 – An Excellent Adventure.[36]

text: Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure was selected as number 8 in Rolling Stone's '10 Best Stoner Movies of All Time' in 2013.[37]

text: Writing in The Guardian on the occasion of the film's 25th anniversary, Hadley Freeman found: "Of all the delightfully improbable scenarios depicted in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure – from Napoleon Bonaparte causing havoc on a waterslide to Billy the Kid and Socrates (aka "So-crayts", of course) picking up chicks in a California mall to George Carlin acting in a film alongside Keanu Reeves and a member of the Go-Go's – none would have seemed more unlikely on its release than the idea that one day, with much media fanfare, the public would be celebrating the film's 25th anniversary. By the time Bill & Ted was released in 1989, the 80s teen film explosion was starting to taper out. […] Moreover, there had already been plenty of films about time-travelling teens by the time Bill & Ted rocked up in cinemas, such as Peggy Sue Got Married and Back to the Future. Few who were around then would have bet that a goofy movie about a pair of California metalheads skipping back through time in a phonebox collecting historical characters to bring back to 20th-century California for their history report would still be remembered today. But I am very much among those few".[11]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Bill/Ted: "Excellent!" – Nominated[38]

text: In cultural analysis[edit]

text: Writing in British Sunday newspaper The Observer, Tom Holland noted,

text: "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure does not tend to be rated as one of cinema's profounder treatments of the relationship between present and past. The story of two Californian slackers with a time machine who, for complicated reasons, have to assemble assorted celebrities from history in order to pass a high-school project, it is chiefly remembered for bringing Keanu Reeves to the attention of a mass audience. Classicists, however, will always cherish it as the only film ever to combine the music of Van Halen with Greek philosophy. When Bill and Ted embark on their quest, what should be their first destination if not classical Athens, and who should be the very first 'historical dude' bundled into their time machine if not a bald-headed man in a sheet whom they persist in calling 'Soh-kraytz'?"[39]

text: Holland continued:

text: "Even to metalheads, then, the philosophy of ancient Greece serves as something that is both primal and emblematic of civilisation as a whole. Socrates, in particular, the 'lover of wisdom' who insisted that the most fundamental presumptions of his countrymen should be subjected to experimental investigation, and who ended up being made to drink hemlock for his pains, has always been admired as the very fountainhead of rationalism. Yet when it comes to identifying what he taught and believed, there is a problem, on which Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, rather unexpectedly, puts its finger. Socrates, transplanted to 1980s California, can only communicate with his abductors by gesturing and gurning – since Bill and Ted, it goes without saying, speak not a word of ancient Greek. Even the miracle of time travel, it appears, cannot serve to alter what is, for any historian, a most awkward fact: that it is impossible to be certain of what Socrates actually said."[39]


document_title: Cold Stone Creamery

question_text: where does cold stone ice cream come from

root

text: Cold Stone Creamery

text: History[edit]

text: The Company was co-founded in 1988 by Donald and Susan Sutherland,[4] who sought ice cream that was neither hard-packed nor soft-serve. Publicity materials describe it as "smooth and creamy super-premium ice cream." Cold Stone Creamery opened its first store that year in Tempe, Arizona.[2] The original Cold Stone Creamery, store #0001, is in operation today near the same intersection (southwest corner of McClintock & Southern) as the original Tempe location.[5] The store moved from the original location to the current location in the early 1990s.

tag: p

text: The Company has maintained the same original business model created by Steve Herrell who founded Steve's Ice Cream. Patrons first select what flavor of ice cream they would like and then choose from a plethora of mix-ins available to be folded into their ice cream. Mix-ins can include, but are not limited to: candies, nuts, brownies and/or syrups. Cold Stone's derives its name from the frozen granite slab that the team members use to fold your mix-ins into the ice cream. The concept is similar to the Marble Slab Creamery, the inventor of mixing ice cream on a frozen stone slab (founded in 1983),[6] which was also inspired by Steve Herrell and was operating in the Phoenix metro area in the late 1980s.

text: In 1995, Cold Stone Creamery opened its first franchise store in Tucson, Arizona. Shortly after, a second location (first out of state) was opened in Camarillo, California. Cold Stone Creamery is now the sixth bestselling brand of ice cream in the US and operates stores in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand,[7] Brazil, Puerto Rico, Indonesia, Guam, China, Mexico, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kenya,[8] Trinidad and Tobago, Qatar, Nigeria, Kuwait, The Philippines, Singapore, Turkey, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In 2008, Cold Stone opened its first European franchise in Copenhagen, Denmark. Three more stores were later opened in other parts of the country. In January 2006, the Company was named the 11th fastest-growing franchise by Entrepreneur magazine. In June 2009, the Company opened its first locations in Canada, Mississauga and Ontario. As of 2015 there is one location in Toronto and only Canadian location. As of 2012, three stores had opened in Singapore. In March 2015, Cold Stone opened its first location in Turkey's capital Ankara. In 2015 Cold Stone Creamery opened its first location in El Salvador in Multiplaza Mall. As of 2017, there are two stores in Dhaka in Bangladesh; at Gulshan and Dhanmondi.

text: In May 2007, Cold Stone Creamery merged with Kahala Corp to form Kahala-Cold Stone, which collectively owns 13 brands. Doug Ducey, former president and CEO of Cold Stone Creamery, and later Governor of Arizona, was named CEO of the newly established company.[9] Kevin Blackwell, the former CEO of Kahala, became chairman of the board and chief strategist. However, in September 2007, Ducey announced he was leaving the company.[10] Blackwell was named CEO.[11] In 2013, the Serruya family purchased a majority interest in Kahala and changed the name to Kahala Brands to better align with the focus of the business. Based in Toronto, Ontario the Serruyas comes with decades of franchising experience.[12][non-primary source needed]

text: Co-branding[edit]

text: The parent company of Cold Stone Creamery, Kahala Brands, announced in February 2009 (no jobs) that it had reached an agreement with Canadian coffee shop chain Tim Hortons to open up 100 co-branded stores in the United States after successfully testing two locations in Rhode Island.[13] The strategic alliance will pave the way for Tim Hortons to operate in more US locations while allowing Cold Stone Creamery to expand into Canada. The most notable co-branded store opened in August 2009 when Tim Hortons moved into three Cold Stone Creamery locations in New York City, including its flagship Times Square location.

text: In June 2009, Cold Stone Creamery started testing the Canadian market by opening seven co-branded locations with Tim Hortons located in Toronto, Oakville, Mississauga, Hamilton, Pickering, Sudbury, and Halifax, Nova Scotia.[14] They had locations in every Canadian province except for Newfoundland and Labrador.[15]

text: The Tim Hortons venture follows on the footsteps of a similar co-branding efforts in 2007 and 2008, but ended in 2014.[16] Cold Stone franchisees in New York City began partnering with Soup Kitchen International to sell soup in their stores beginning in late 2007.[17] In 2008, the company signed an agreement with the Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory to open seven locations in the Western US. The venture is designed to bring in customers on a year-round basis as opposed to the seasonal draws that each company experiences.[18] The mingling of Cold Stone and Rocky Mountain led to more than 10% increase in weekly sales in Rocky Mountain stores after co-branding.[19]

text: Products[edit]

text: All ice cream creations are offered in four sizes: Kid's size (3 oz (85 g)), "Like It" (5 oz (140 g)), "Love It" (8 oz (230 g)), and "Gotta Have It" (12 oz (340 g)).[20] Also offered are milkshakes and smoothies, among them the Cold Stone PB&C; its large size was designated by Men's Health Magazine as the most unhealthy drink in the USA for two consecutive years.[21][22] The drink has 2,010 calories, 131 grams of fat with 68 grams saturated fat, and 153 grams of sugar.[21]

text: All ice cream is made in house using natural ingredients and waffle cones and bowls are baked daily. The ice cream and ingredients are often mixed in together in consumer view. Cold Stone also offers chocolate-dipped waffle bowls. The company also has a line of ice cream cakes and pies.[23] Ice cream cupcakes and ice cream cookie sandwiches are also available, most of which are made on-site. Stores also offer the option of customizing these frozen desserts much like their ice cream creations. Most recently, Cold Stone Creamery has come out with various desserts ranging anywhere from hot brownies to warm churros.

text: Cold Stone Creamery: Scoop It Up, a simulation video game developed by Zoo Publishing, was released for the Nintendo Wii in 2009.[24]

text: Licensing[edit]

text: Cold Stone has entered into partnerships with other companies to promote brand name products inside its stores. The first major partnership the company entered into was with Kraft Foods for its Jell-O brand in 2009. Cold Stone introduced a series of flavors of ice cream based on popular Jell-O pudding flavors; Chocolate, Butterscotch, Banana, and Vanilla. Because the pudding additives cause the ice cream to gel, it was recently noted that these flavors do not melt.[25]

text: Externally, a 2008 licensing agreement with Jelly Belly had a line of jelly beans flavored like some of Cold Stone's most popular ice cream flavors.[26]

text: Entertainment[edit]

text: In the spirit of joviality and to encourage customers to give tips, Cold Stone instructs employees to sing a special song related to the company, usually to the tune of recognizable melodies such as "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", "I've Been Working on the Railroad", or "Bingo", when a customer places money in the tip jar. Lyrics include short, catchy phrases such as, "This is our Cold Stone song, it is not very long." Employees of the original store did not sing songs while they worked.[citation needed]

text: Legal issues[edit]

text: There have been allegations by independent franchises that Cold Stone's business practices have put them at a competitive disadvantage. These former franchises claim that the parent company opens locations too close to each other, requires expensive remodeling and overstates potential revenues and income.[27] Other franchises have contended that is not the case and that they are experiencing growth amid financial uncertainties and higher costs associated with fuel and energy prices.[28]

text: In June 2008, the Wall Street Journal examined the issue. The article stated that a large number of locations, approximately 16–20%, of Cold Stone Creamery franchises have closed or were put up for sale by their owners, many of whom had suffered significant financial losses due to their investment. The article included claims by franchisees that the company had misrepresented the average revenues of Cold Stone stores and acted in ways that reduced stores' profit margins. A company spokeswoman said that the number of stores for sale was "at par with industry expectations" in light of "the economically challenging times."[29]

text: CNBC documentary and lawsuit[edit]

text: In December 2010 lawyers from Cold Stone Creamery threatened a lawsuit over some of the contents of a then-upcoming documentary by CNBC.[30]

text: Behind the Counter: The Untold Story of Franchising reported on the failures and successes of franchising. After several edits the program was broadcast on CNBC on March 21, 2011. Brands such as Dunkin' Donuts and Five Guys were highlighted as successful franchise brands. Cold Stone Creamery's executives and corporate lawyers were interviewed. The lawsuit was discussed with former franchisees and the litigation threats with CNBC. An apparently successful Cold Stone franchise was also featured.

text: Corporate headquarters[edit]

text: While the company was originally headquartered in Tempe, in 1997 the company moved its headquarters to Scottsdale, Arizona.[2] In July 2005 Cold Stone moved into its current headquarters. The two story building has classroom space, a product development laboratory kitchen, and a training store.[31]


document_title: Blue Hawaii

question_text: where was the movie blue hawaii with elvis presley filmed

text: Blue Hawaii

text: Plot[edit]

text: Chadwick Gates (Elvis Presley) has just gotten out of the Army, and is happy to be back in Hawaii with his surfboard, his beach buddies, and his girlfriend Maile Duval (Joan Blackman). His mother, Sarah Lee (Angela Lansbury), wants him to follow in his father's footsteps and take over management at the "Great Southern Hawaiian Fruit Company", the family business, but Chad is reluctant, so he goes to work as a tour guide at his girlfriend's agency.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Elvis Presley as Chad (Chadwick) Gates
Joan Blackman as Maile Duval
Angela Lansbury as Sarah Lee Gates
Nancy Walters as Abigail Prentice
Roland Winters as Fred Gates
John Archer as Jack Kelman
Howard McNear as Mr. Chapman
Steve Brodie as Tucker Garvey
Darlene Tompkins as Patsy Simon
Iris Adrian as Enid Garvey
Hilo Hattie as Waihila
Jenny Maxwell as Ellie Corbett
Pamela Austin as Selena "Sandy" Emerson (as Pamela Kirk)
Christian Kay as Beverly Martin
Lani Kai as Carl Tanami
Jose De Vega as Ernie Gordon
Frank Atienza as Ito O'Hara
Tiki Hanalei as Ping Pong

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Blue Hawaii was the first of three Elvis films to be shot in Hawaii, followed by Girls! Girls! Girls! in 1962 and Paradise, Hawaiian Style in 1965. Producer Hal B. Wallis was keen to put Presley into a film that showed how the army affected a man.[6] Actress Juliet Prowse, who had starred with Presley in GI Blues, was approached to be his love interest again. However, after her demands were put forward, Paramount decided to drop her as a possible candidate for the role, choosing Joan Blackman instead.[6] Presley was apparently so pale before shooting that Wallis personally recommended a brand of tanning lamp to darken his skin.[6] The film was announced in the fall of 1960 as Hawaii Beach Boy.[7] At the time, film producer Walter Mirisch had a similar titled film in production, "Hawaii", and he was upset that Wallis had chosen such a similar name.[7]

text: Presley arrived in Hawaii on March 18, 1961, to prepare for a charity concert that he was performing on March 25 to raise funds for the Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor.[8] He arrived at the recording studio on March 21 to start the recording of the film's soundtrack.[8] Three weeks later, location filming had finished, including scenes at Waikiki Beach, Diamond Head, Mount Tantalus, and Hanauma Bay, a volcanic crater that is open to the sea, near the bedroom community of Hawaii Kai, a few miles away from Waikiki.[6][9] Following location filming, the crew returned to the Paramount lot to finish other scenes for the film. Presley would relax during filming by giving karate demonstrations with his friend and employee, Red West, which resulted in Presley's fingers becoming bruised and swollen. Wallis warned the female stars of the film to avoid parties hosted by Presley because they were turning up for shooting looking tired.[6]

text: Producer Hal Wallis would use the box office returns from Blue Hawaii to finance an upcoming Wallis film, 1964's Becket, starring Richard Burton and Peter O'Toole.

text: Presley was 26 at the time this film was released, and a not yet 36-year-old Angela Lansbury played his character's mother. Lansbury would later comment that her appearance here was one of the worst in her career.[citation needed] Nancy Walters, who was cast as the older school teacher was, in reality, only 18 months older than Presley.

text: Much of the film was shot on location at the Coco Palms Resort on the east coast of Kauai. The resort has been abandoned since Hurricane Iniki in 1992.

text: Although it is mentioned in the film that Chad's parents live in Kahala, one of the most expensive and exclusive areas of Honolulu in 1961, the view from their "lanai" (porch or terrace) shows Diamond Head as it appears from Waikiki and downtown Honolulu. In actuality, Kahala is located on the other side of Diamond Head from Waikiki.

text: There were several scenes filmed in and around the famous Waikiki Beach, including the opening driving scenes, as well as the office scene across the street from the "International Market". The scenes where Chad's clients stayed in a hotel and where he picked up his tour group – as well as the beach he spent time with his girlfriend – were all filmed on the property that is now known as the Hilton Hawaiian Village on Waikiki Beach.

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Blue Hawaii" – Nominated[10]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Presley's remake of the title song introduced it to an audience too young to remember Bing Crosby's original hit version.

text: The Blue Hawaii soundtrack album was on the Billboard Pop Albums chart for 79 weeks, where it spent 20 weeks at #1. It has been certified by the RIAA for sales of three million copies in the U.S.[11]

text: The Blue Hawaii soundtrack album was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1961 in the category of Best Sound Track Album or Recording of Original Cast from a Motion Picture or Television.


document_title: Super Bowl LII

question_text: who is considered the home team for super bowl 52

question_tokens: who is considered the home team for super bowl 52

text: Super Bowl LII

text: Background[edit]

text: Host-city selection[edit]

text: On October 8, 2013, the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII:[17][18][19]

text:
U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minneapolis hosted Super Bowl XXVI in 1992 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, which was torn down after the 2013 season and replaced in 2014 and 2015 by U.S. Bank Stadium.
Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVI in 2012.[20]
Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The city has hosted 10 Super Bowls, including seven at the Superdome, most recently Super Bowl XLVII in 2013.[21][22][23]

text: On May 20, 2014, the league's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta, Georgia.[24][25]

text: Teams[edit]

text: The NFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles, while the AFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed New England Patriots, marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference.[26]

text: Philadelphia Eagles[edit]

text: The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13–3, the same as New England, Minnesota, and Pittsburgh, but the various tie-breaking provisions gave them the NFC's top seed in the 2017–18 NFL playoffs. It was a substantial improvement for the team under second-year head coach Doug Pederson; the Eagles finished the two previous seasons with 7–9 records. In the 2017 season, the team scored 457 points (third in the NFL), while giving up just 295 (fourth) points.[27]

text: The offense was led by Pro Bowl quarterback Carson Wentz. In just his second season, he recorded a passer rating of 101.9, throwing for 3,296 yards and 33 touchdowns, with only seven interceptions. His top target was Pro Bowl tight end Zach Ertz, who caught 74 passes for 824 yards and eight touchdowns. Other contributors were two receivers acquired from off-season free agency: Alshon Jeffery, who caught 57 passes for 789 yards and nine scores; and Torrey Smith, who had 36 receptions for 430 yards. Meanwhile, third-year receiver Nelson Agholor had the best season of his career, hauling in 62 passes for 768 yards and eight touchdowns, a higher total in each category than in his previous two seasons combined. The Eagles rushing attack also benefited from two recently acquired players, LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi. Blount, an off-season signing who won a Super Bowl with the Patriots, gained 776 rushing yards and two touchdowns, while Ajayi, picked up by a mid-season trade with the Miami Dolphins, rushed for 873 yards and caught 24 passes for 154 yards combined with the two teams. Philadelphia also had a superb offensive line, lead by two Pro Bowl selections: Tackle Lane Johnson and Guard Brandon Brooks.[28]

text: The Eagles defense allowed the fourth-fewest yards in the league (4,904). Defensive tackle Fletcher Cox made the Pro Bowl for the third time in his career, recording 51⁄2 sacks and two fumble recoveries, and he had plenty of help around him, such as former Patriots defensive end Chris Long, who had five sacks and forced four fumbles, and defensive end Brandon Graham, who led the team with 91⁄2 sacks. Middle linebacker Nigel Bradham led the team in combined tackles with 88. The Eagles secondary featured Pro Bowl safety Malcolm Jenkins, who had 76 combined tackles and two interceptions, along with cornerback Patrick Robinson, who led the team with four interceptions.[29]

text: Philadelphia had stormed to the top of the NFC by winning 10 of their first 12 games, but suffered a major setback on December 10, when Wentz went down with a season-ending ACL tear and was replaced by journeyman backup quarterback Nick Foles, who was playing for his third team in as many years and his second stint with the Eagles. Still, Foles was able to lead the team to victory in that game, as well as the next two. The Eagles lost a meaningless week 17 matchup with the Cowboys led by third-string quarterback Nate Sudfeld. Then in their two playoff games, Foles threw for a combined total of 598 yards, three touchdowns and no interceptions.[30]

text: New England Patriots[edit]

text: The Patriots entered the 2017 NFL season as defending Super Bowl champions. For the 16th time in their 18 seasons under 65-year old coach Bill Belichick, they recorded a double-digit win season, finishing the regular season with a record of 13–3, one of four teams (along with Philadelphia, Minnesota, and Pittsburgh) with that record. By virtue of the tie-breaking procedures, they were granted the AFC's number one overall seed in the 2017–18 NFL playoffs. The previous season's top wide receiver Julian Edelman went down in the preseason with a season-ending injury. Early season defensive struggles left the team with a 2–2 record after four weeks, and the worst overall defense in the league at that point.[31] The defense came together as a unit, and tighten up over the rest of the season however, with the Patriots going 11–1 after week 4. Their sole loss in the latter part of the season came in Week 14 to the Miami Dolphins, a division rival, though they were without star tight end Rob Gronkowski due to a one-game suspension for an unnecessary roughness call the prior week. The Patriots' defense was improved by several late-season free-agent signings, including Eric Lee, a defensive end, previously from the Buffalo Bills, whom the Patriots signed in Week 12, and James Harrison, a perennial All-Pro for the Pittsburgh Steelers, whom the Patriots picked up off waivers after Christmas. In just six games for New England, Lee recorded 31⁄2 sacks, a safety, and an interception.[32] In his only regular season game with the Patriots, Harrison recorded two sacks.[33]

text: During the regular season, New England's offense led the league in yards gained (6,307) and ranked second in points scored (458). The 40-year-old Brady finished his 18th season with a league-leading 4,577 passing yards, 32 touchdowns and just eight interceptions, earning him his 13th selection to the Pro Bowl and his third league MVP award. One change that helped make up for the loss of Edelman was the acquisition of receiver Brandin Cooks, who caught 65 passes for 1,082 yards and seven touchdowns. Brady was also aided by the healthy return of Gronkowski, who had played just eight games in the previous season, finishing this year with 69 catches for 1,084 yards and eight scores. Receiver Danny Amendola added 61 receptions for 659 yards, as well as another 240 yards returning punts. With the loss of their previous season's rushing leader LeGarrette Blount to free agency, Dion Lewis stepped up to take the lead, rushing for 896 yards and six touchdowns despite starting only eight games. He also caught 32 passes for 214 yards and two touchdowns and added 570 yards and another touchdown returning kickoffs. Rex Burkhead chipped in 518 all-purpose yards, 30 receptions, and eight touchdowns. In passing situations, the team relied heavily on running back James White, who caught 56 passes for 429 yards and rushed for 171 on the ground. These backs were aided by the blocking of fullback James Develin, who earned his first Pro Bowl selection. On special teams, kicker Stephen Gostkowski ranked second in the NFL with 156 points and fourth in field goals made with 37, while veteran special team ace Matthew Slater earned his seventh consecutive Pro Bowl selection.[34]

text: The Patriots' defense ranked only 29th in yards allowed (5,856), but ranked fifth in fewest points, giving up only 296. Defensive end Trey Flowers led the team with 61⁄2 sacks while also forcing two fumbles. Linebacker Kyle Van Noy had 73 tackles and 51⁄2 sacks. The Patriots also had a superb secondary, led by cornerbacks Malcolm Butler (two interceptions, three forced fumbles) and Stephon Gilmore (two interceptions, 47 solo tackles), as well as safeties Devin McCourty (97 combined tackles, one interception, one fumble recovery), Patrick Chung (84 tackles, one interception, two fumble recoveries) and Duron Harmon (four interceptions).[35]

text: Playoffs[edit]

text: In the playoffs, the Patriots earned a first-round bye and home-field advantage due to their status as the AFC's first overall seed. In the divisional round, they defeated the Tennessee Titans 35–14, as Brady passed for 337 yards and three touchdowns. In that game, the defense amassed eight quarterback sacks of Marcus Mariota and held the Titans' running game to 65 yards rushing.[36] They then defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars 24–20 in the AFC Championship Game, rallying from behind to win the game after the Jaguars jumped out to an early 14–3 lead and whose league-best defense stymied Brady and the rest of the offense for most of the first half.[citation needed] Down 20–10 in the fourth quarter, the Patriots comeback was sealed by two Brady-led drives, both resulting in touchdown passes to Danny Amendola, as well as a key defensive stop by Stephon Gilmore, whose acrobatic block of a Blake Bortles pass ended Jacksonville's last chance to score. Rob Gronkowski was injured in the game with a concussion, leaving his status for the Super Bowl in doubt. Amendola was the breakout star for the Patriots during their two playoff wins, leading the team with 196 receiving yards, and serving as Brady's primary target.[37]

text: Meanwhile, Philadelphia started off the divisional round by narrowly defeating the Atlanta Falcons 15–10, by stopping the Falcons on four consecutive plays after they had a first-down-and-goal situation on the Eagles 9-yard line during their final drive.[38] They then soundly defeated the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship Game. Despite the Vikings scoring on their opening drive, the Eagles defense held them to three punts, two turnovers on downs, two interceptions, and one lost fumble in their remaining drives of the game. Meanwhile, Foles had a great game, in which he completed 26 of 33 passes for 353 yards and three touchdowns.[39]

text: Pre-game notes[edit]

text: This game was a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. Only one player, Patriots starting quarterback Tom Brady, remained on either roster from that contest.[40] Bill Belichick, the Patriots' head coach in that contest, also remained in that position. Two Eagles, running back LeGarrette Blount and defensive lineman Chris Long, had been Patriots in 2017's Super Bowl LI.[41]

text: The Patriots were the designated home team for Super Bowl LII, because the AFC team is the designated home team in even-numbered years and the NFC team in odd-numbered years. As the designated home team, the Patriots chose to wear their road white jerseys with navy blue pants, becoming the sixth team to wear their white jerseys as the home team and the third team to wear white in back-to-back Super Bowls, following the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowls XII and XIII and again in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII.[citation needed] The Eagles therefore wore their standard home uniform of midnight green jerseys with white pants.[42] Twelve of the previous 13 Super Bowls had been won by teams wearing white jerseys. The last team to win a Super Bowl while wearing their home uniforms was the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV (who, coincidentally, had also worn green jerseys).[43]

text: Operations[edit]

text: To coordinate the game and 10 days of events, the National Football League temporarily operated an events office within the Minnesota Vikings office building next to U.S. Bank Stadium.[44] More than 150,000 visitors were expected to attend events associated with the Super Bowl over ten days.[45] Among them were some 5,000-plus media members; media day events and press conferences were held at The Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota.

text: No sales tax was collected on admission tickets to the game and related events, including parking.[46]

text: To increase security around U.S. Bank Stadium, the stadium's light rail station was shut down for 48 hours before the game,[47] and a nearby homeless shelter was temporarily moved beyond the security perimeter.[48] The Blue Line of the light rail system was only open to ticketholders and passengers with a Gameday Pass, while the Green Line only ran to Stadium Village station on the University of Minnesota campus before continuing on with restricted access. Metro Transit ran shuttle buses between light rail stations, as well as regular bus service was moved for several weeks due to street closures.[49][50] Thirty activist groups organized a rally and protest against police brutality, corporate greed, and racist practices. 17 people blocked the Green Line train for 90 minutes before the game, and 200 protesters blocked an entrance to the stadium's security perimeter.[51]

text: Under a 1998 agreement, the Patriots and Eagles owners split the tickets, and the league controlled the game presentation and entertainment in the stadium. The Patriots practiced at the Minnesota Vikings facilities in Eden Prairie while the Eagles used the University of Minnesota. The Eagles got the Vikings' locker room and sideline. The Vikings had advanced to the NFC Championship Game before losing to the Eagles; until that point, the possibility of the Vikings advancing to the Super Bowl and thus becoming the first team to play the game in its home stadium was plausible. Had that happened, the Vikings would have used their own locker rooms and training facilities, while the AFC champion would have used the University of Minnesota.[52]

text: Associated events[edit]

text: The Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee presented Super Bowl Live on Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis.[53] This ten-day free[12] festival and concert series featured Sheila E., the Revolution, Morris Day and the Time, and the New Power Generation, musicians from Minnesota who collaborated with Prince, a Minneapolis native. Produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Super Bowl Live also included performances by Idina Menzel, Soul Asylum, the Suburbs, Bob Mould, Sounds of Blackness, Dessa, VocalEssence, Mint Condition, and the Jets.[54] In addition to the concert series, Super Bowl Live featured a 200-foot (61 m) American Birkebeiner International Bridge on Nicollet Mall to showcase cross-country skiing, skijoring, fat-tire bicycle racing,[12] and snow tubing demonstrations.[55] There was also a snowmobile stunt show on February 3.[12]

text: The NFL presented the Super Bowl Experience at the Minneapolis Convention Center[53][44][56] from January 27 to February 3 with an entrance fee.[12] Kelly Clarkson performed at the Minneapolis Armory and a U.S. Bank Stadium lounge on the day of the Super Bowl.[57]

text: The Minneapolis Armory also hosted Jennifer Lopez, Imagine Dragons, and Pink concerts close to U.S. Bank Stadium.[58][59][60][61] Pink also performed the national anthem before the Super Bowl.[5] Halftime performer Justin Timberlake held a ticketed "listening session" of his newest album at Prince's Paisley Park.[62] Dave Matthews Band will perform at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul.[59] The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community's Mystic Lake Casino hosted Gwen Stefani,[63] the Chainsmokers, Florida Georgia Line, and Kygo.[64] Planners originally scheduled a 64,000-square-foot (5,900 m2) traveling nightclub for 9500 people,[65][59] but cancelled, moving its concerts into the main casino.[64] Ellie Goulding's appearance with Kygo was cancelled at the same time.[66] The Mystic Lake Casino in Prior Lake, Minnesota, has the second-largest hotel in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, and Prior Lake hosted Super Bowl-week events including winter activities, a hotdish competition, and fundraisers.[63]

text: Other events were held at the Mall of America (including Radio Row as a home for national shows[67][68]), Saint Paul's RiverCentre[13] and Xcel Energy Center,[69] the Minnesota Vikings' Winter Park location in Eden Prairie, and the University of Minnesota.[70] "Taste of the NFL" is a fundraiser for food banks and was held in Saint Paul.[71] Minneapolis also offered a temporary zip-line across the Mississippi River near downtown.[72] The Luminary Loppet around Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis featured fire dancing, an ice pyramid, and luminary candles at night.[12]

text: The 2018 Saint Paul Winter Carnival took place leading up to, during and after the Super Bowl.[73] Carnival organizers built a large ice palace to coincide with the Super Bowl festivities, as with Super Bowl XXVI in 1992.[74] The ice palace was planned,[75][76] cancelled for lack of funds,[77] then re-announced with sponsors.[74] Events in Saint Paul will also include an extreme sports demonstration, a "giant slide", and a block party. Officials in the capital city hoped to attract Minneapolis Super Bowl visitors.[78] The Minneapolis Institute of Art had a free 20-by-40-foot (6.1 m × 12.2 m), 6-foot-tall (1.8 m) ice maze.[79]

text: The Great Northern was a winter festival in the Twin Cities from January 25 to February 4 that included the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships, an ice bar,[80] and an "urban ski competition".[81]

text: ESPN broadcast its studio programming from the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis,[82] while Golf Channel (a sister network of Super Bowl LII broadcaster NBC) aired two live episodes of David Feherty's eponymous series from the State Theatre.[83]

text: Native American communities of Minnesota performed nightly drum ceremonies.[68] Various drumlines from around the state performed at different locations throughout the day.[84][85]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: NBC broadcast Super Bowl LII, as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.[86] NBC's lead NFL team of play-by-play man Al Michaels and color analyst Cris Collinsworth called the game. Sister cable network Universo carried a full Spanish language broadcast produced by Telemundo Deportes, with Edgar Lopez and Rene Giraldo. The Universo Spanish audio was also available on NBC through the SAP channel, where available.[87][88] NBC employed 73 cameras within the stadium, and introduced "volumetric-AR" graphics featuring 3D body scanning of players.[89][90]

text: This was the last game in Westwood One's current national radio contract with the NFL.[91] Each participating team's flagship station (the Patriots Radio Network's WBZ-FM/Boston, and the Eagles Radio Network's WIP-FM/Philadelphia, along with WEMG/Camden, New Jersey for Spanish play-by-play) carried the game with local announcers. (For the second consecutive year, none of the local flagships are clear-channel stations, and thus the local commentators were only audible for free within each respective team's immediate metropolitan area; listeners who live outside the flagship stations' broadcast ranges were required to subscribe to Sirius XM Radio or TuneIn Premium to access the local broadcasts.) Under the terms of the Westwood One contract, any radio station that is not a local flagship, if it is to carry the game, is required to utilize the Westwood One feed. It was the first title win called by Eagles play-by-play announcer Merrill Reese, who has been the primary radio voice of the team since 1977.[92]

text: Online streams of the game were provided by NBC. It was available on NBCSports.com, the NBC Sports app for mobile devices, tablets, connected-TV devices, and NBC.com without any required login. The Spanish-language broadcast was available on the Telemundo Deportes En Vivo app and TelemundoDeportes.com for desktop devices, connected TV devices, and tablets but not mobile devices.[93] Under new digital rights deals that began with the 2017–18 playoffs, Verizon still offers mobile streaming of games, but no longer holds exclusive rights to stream NFL games on smartphones or make them exclusive to Verizon Wireless subscribers. Instead, Verizon elected to use the deal to bolster its recent acquisition of Yahoo!; on January 9, 2018, Verizon announced that it would host streams of playoff games through the Yahoo! Sports and go90 app, including Super Bowl LII. As a result of the deal, the online stream was available to viewers on all Internet devices for the first time, regardless of network (because of Verizon's previous exclusive rights deal, non-Verizon phones had previously been blocked from receiving any NFL telecasts, regardless of source).[94][95] The game was also available through the NFL Mobile app with the aforementioned change to viewing through the app now being allowed on all mobile carriers.[96]

text: Dan Patrick and Liam McHugh served as the lead hosts for NBC's pre-game coverage.[97] Mike Tirico, who replaced the retiring Bob Costas in 2017 as NBC's lead studio host for both the NFL and the Olympic Games, did not participate in coverage of Super Bowl LII due to his commitments to prepare for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea (which opened on the Friday following the game).[98]

text: As NBC Sports Regional Networks operates regional sports networks in the markets of both teams which participated, the NBC Sports Boston and NBC Sports Philadelphia channels were used to provide additional coverage of the game from a local perspective. Both networks aired coverage from Minneapolis, including pre-game specials focusing on their respective team, followed by a joint broadcast immediately prior to the game.[99]

text: Nielsen reported a 47.4/70% overnight rating in metered markets, peaking at 52.2/74 during the fourth quarter. These numbers are about 3% lower than early numbers from Super Bowl LI, and the lowest since Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.[100]

text: Advertising[edit]

text: Dan Lovinger, NBC Sports Group executive vice president of ad sales, stated to Variety in July 2017 that the network was seeking a price "north of $5 million" (the price set for the previous two Super Bowls) for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl LII.[101][102] As they began five days after the Super Bowl, NBC offered advertising packages that covered both Super Bowl LII and the 2018 Winter Olympics (which marked the first time since 1992 that a single broadcast network had aired both the Super Bowl and Winter Olympics in the same year); the network estimated that it would bring in at least $1 billion in advertising revenue from the two events.[103][86] During the second quarter, an equipment failure caused NBC's broadcast to experience dead air for 30 seconds during a commercial break. No actual commercial time was lost.[104][105]

text: Anheuser-Busch has, as it has done in previous Super Bowls, purchased multiple commercials in the game, advertising Bud Light, Stella Artois and Michelob Ultra. For the first time since Super Bowl VIII, the company reduced the appearances of the Budweiser Clydesdales in a Super Bowl commercial. However, a Clydesdale was featured in a commercial for Tide detergent and the Budweiser Clydesdales only appeared in a 5-second Budweiser commercial to remind viewers of the "ClydesdaleCam" livestreaming event.[106] Other signed advertisers included The Coca-Cola Company and Avocados from Mexico.[102] Cellphone carrier T-Mobile aired a minute long ad with actress Kerry Washington narrating, featuring babies of various ethnic backgrounds. The commercial also features Nirvana's song "All Apologies" played as a lullaby. In the ad, Washington talks about the babies being born with natural instincts of love and not racism calling them "unstoppable" and that they will demand fair and equal pay. T-Mobile CEO John Legere posted to his Twitter account afterwards saying, "This year, we wanted to use our #SuperBowl airtime to share that @TMobile believes we all started in the same place. We are more alike than different. And we are unstoppable."[107]

text: Fiat Chrysler subsidiary Ram Trucks was met with swift and harsh criticism for its use of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr's sermon "The Drum Major Instinct". Major news outlets and social media erupted in the controversy. Particularly disturbing to many viewers was the selective exploitation of King's anti-consumerist, anti-advertising speech in an attempt to sell trucks. [108]

text: Lead-out programs[edit]

text: NBC's lead-out program was an episode of This Is Us, titled "Super Bowl Sunday",[109] alongside a special episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon from Minneapolis' Orpheum Theatre, with halftime performer Justin Timberlake, Dwayne Johnson, Chris Stapleton and the cast of This Is Us as guests.[110][111]

text: In a surprise move, Netflix used its advertising time to announce it had acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox, the third film in the Cloverfield series, and would make it available immediately after the game, potentially undercutting viewership of the lucrative post-game slot on NBC.[112]

text: International broadcasts[edit]

text:
Rights holder(s)

 Australia
The event aired live on the Seven Network and 7mate[113]

 Brazil
The Super Bowl was shown live by ESPN Brasil, with Paulo Antunes and Everaldo Marques as the announcers for the evening. It was also shown live on Cinemark, Cinépolis, Kinoplex[contradictory] and UCI movie theaters across the country.

 Canada
Bell Canada holds broadcast rights for local stations in Canada and aired the game across its networks on CTV, CTV Two, RDS (for French), TSN Radio and TSN2; TSN's regional networks did not carry the game due to a schedule conflict with the 2018 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the national women's curling championship. Bell reprised the previous year's usage of a sweepstakes and entertainment features to retain Canadian audiences.[114]
On RDS, the announcer was David Arsenault with Pierre Vercheval as analyst and Didier Orméjuste on the sidelines.

 France
beIn Sports2 and W9 broadcast the event.

 Germany
ProSieben broadcast the Super Bowl for the first time, after it had previously been on sister channel Sat.1 since Super Bowl XLVI. It was shown for no additional cost in standard-definition and on ProSieben HD in high-definition on HD+ as well as multiple cable and IPTV providers. It was also available on internet streaming service DAZN for no cost in addition to the regular subscription fee.[115]

 Philippines
The 5 Network broadcast the event in the Philippines.

 United Kingdom
As per recent years, Super Bowl LII aired live on BBC One for no additional cost over the license fee. It was also available on Sky Sports with a subscription, through a Now TV Sports Pass, or as part of the NFL Gamepass Playoffs package.[116] In a change to tradition, the BBC chose to use NBC's feed instead of the NFL Films and NFL Network produced World Feed.[117]

 U.S. military bases
American Forces Network carried the Super Bowl live to members of the United States Armed Forces in Eurasia.[118]

tag: table

text: Entertainment[edit]

text: Pre-game[edit]

text: Pink performed "The Star-Spangled Banner",[5] while Leslie Odom Jr. sang "America the Beautiful".[119][120] Pink spit out a throat lozenge shortly before singing the anthem, later verified after many commentators thought she had spit out a piece of gum.[121] She reported being ill with flu symptoms during her performance.[122] No players were observed kneeling during the national anthem, in contrast to the protests that happened earlier in the 2016 and 2017 seasons.[123]

text: Fifteen Medal of Honor recipients participated in the coin toss ceremony.[6][124] World War II hero Hershel W. Williams was the honorary captain and had the honors of flipping the coin.[125]

text: Halftime show[edit]

text: Justin Timberlake headlined the Super Bowl LII halftime show, along with his band "The Tennessee Kids" and featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band.[7][126][127] Timberlake performed in two previous Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXXV in 2001 as a member of NSYNC, and Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004 with Janet Jackson.[128][129]

text: Timberlake's performance drew criticism for not being "spectacular", looking to be safe and avoid incidents such as the infamous "wardrobe malfunction" encountered during his performance with Jackson, and for incorporating a video of Prince, who opposed performances combining the dead and the living.[130][131]

text: Game summary[edit]

text: First Quarter[edit]

text: The New England Patriots won the opening coin toss and elected to defer to the second half. The Patriots kicked off to the Eagles, who opened the game with a 14-play, 67-yard drive that took 7:05 off the clock and resulted in a 25-yard Jake Elliott field goal, giving the Eagles a 3–0 lead. The drive was controlled by the arm of Eagles quarterback Nick Foles, who completed 6 of 9 passes to five different receivers for 61 yards, with a few short runs by LeGarrette Blount and Jay Ajayi mixed in. Foles also made two critical completions on third down plays, hitting Alshon Jeffery for a 17-yard gain on third-and-4, and later found Torrey Smith for a 15-yard completion on third-and-12. The Patriots responded with a drive of their own, almost with the exact same results; quarterback Tom Brady completed 6 of 8 passes for 60 yards to four different receivers, the longest a 28-yard strike to Chris Hogan. The drive stalled out on the Eagles 8-yard line, where they had to settle for Stephen Gostkowski's 26-yard field goal, which tied the game at 3–3. The game's first touchdown was scored by the Eagles on the next drive, taking only three plays: a short pass from Foles to Nelson Agholor, a 36-yard run up the middle by Blount, and a 34-yard touchdown pass from Foles to Jeffery to the left side of the field. The ensuing extra point attempt from Elliott was missed wide right, which made the score 9–3 in favor of the Eagles. The Patriots responded by advancing the ball to the Philadelphia 11-yard line on their next drive, which was set up by a 50-yard completion from Brady to Danny Amendola, where the quarter ended.[132]

text: Second Quarter[edit]

text: With the second quarter under way, the Patriots came away empty-handed on the drive, as Gostkowski missed a 26-yard field goal attempt after holder Ryan Allen mishandled the snap.[133] New England's defense forced the game's only punt on the next drive. On the following drive, Brady completed a 23-yard pass to Brandin Cooks, but a hard hit by defender Malcolm Jenkins knocked the receiver out of the game with a concussion. On third down from near mid-field, the Patriots attempted a trick play that involved two handoffs and a pass downfield to Tom Brady. Brady was open, but dropped the throw from Amendola. They went for it on fourth down, and a pass intended for tight end Rob Gronkowski fell incomplete, giving the Eagles the ball on their own 35-yard line on a turnover-on-downs. The Eagles capitalized on a drive featuring two key completions, a 19-yard catch by Zach Ertz on third-and-7, and a 22-yard reception by Jeffery on the Patriots 21-yard line. On the next play, a 21-yard rumble by Blount gave the Eagles another touchdown. They attempted a two-point conversion, which failed and brought the score to 15–3. The Patriots quickly struck back, as Brady completed a 46-yard pass to Rex Burkhead on the first play after the kickoff. But the team could only gain two more yards, resulting in Gostkowski's 45-yard field goal that got the score to 15–6.[134] The Eagles got the ball back with 7:24 on the clock and looked poised to score another touchdown, when a 26-yard run by Ajayi gave them a first down on the Patriots 43-yard line. But on the next play, Foles threw a pass that bounced off Jeffery as he tried to make a one-handed catch, and went into the hands of Patriots safety Duron Harmon for an interception, which he returned eight yards to the 10-yard line. The Patriots took advantage of the turnover with a seven-play, 90-yard drive, featuring a 43-yard completion from Brady to Hogan. On the next play, James White scored with a 26-yard touchdown run. Gostkowski missed the ensuing extra point, but the score was now 15–12. Eagles running back Kenjon Barner returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to his own 30-yard line as time ran down to the two-minute warning. Two plays later, on third down-and-3, Foles completed a short pass to running back Corey Clement, who took off for a 55-yard gain to the New England 8-yard line. Clement then ran the ball six yards to the two-yard line on the next play. Two plays later, Philadelphia faced fourth-and-goal on the 1-yard line with 38 seconds left on the clock. Deciding to go for the touchdown, they attempted a similar trick play to the one that had failed for the Patriots earlier. As Foles stepped up to the running back position, Clement took a direct snap and pitched the ball to tight end Trey Burton, who then threw the ball perfectly to Foles, who was wide open in the right side of the end zone. Foles caught the football, making him the first quarterback ever to catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl, and the ensuing extra point was good, giving the Eagles a 22–12 lead, which was taken into the locker room following a short drive by the Patriots.[132]

text: The first half resulted in numerous Super Bowl records from both teams, including most total yards combined (673). This was also the first time two quarterbacks had thrown for over 200 yards in the first half of a Super Bowl, with Brady throwing for 276 yards and Foles throwing for 215 yards.[135]

text: Third Quarter[edit]

text: The Patriots received the second-half kickoff and Brady led New England 75 yards in eight plays. Gronkowski, who only caught one pass for nine yards in the first half, caught five passes for 68 yards on the drive, the last a 5-yard touchdown reception to make the score 22–19. The Eagles responded by moving the ball 85 yards in 11 plays on a drive that consumed less than five minutes and featured three critical third down conversions by Foles. The first was a 17-yard pass to Agholor on third-and-6 from the Eagles 19-yard line. Later in the drive, he threw a 14-yard completion to Ertz on third-and-1 from the New England 40-yard line. Finally, he finished the possession with a 22-yard touchdown pass to Clement on third-and-6. The touchdown was held up by a replay review, but replay officials confirmed that Clement kept both feet inbounds and controlled the ball. An Elliott extra point brought the score to 29–19 in favor of the Eagles. Brady responded with a 10-play, 75-yard drive, completing all three of his passes for 61 yards, the last one a 26-yard touchdown pass to Hogan that brought the score to 29–26. The Eagles followed with an 8-play, 51-yard drive featuring a 24-yard completion from Foles to Agholor on the first play. By the end of the third quarter, the team had made it to the New England 16-yard line.

text: Fourth Quarter[edit]

text: The Eagles opened the fourth quarter scoring with a Jake Elliott field goal to bring the score to 32–26. However, Brady came back with another 75-yard drive featuring a 30-yard reception by Amendola and ending with a four-yard pass to Gronkowski, his second touchdown of the game, giving the Patriots their first lead of the game with the score at 33–32. On their next drive, the Eagles faced third-and-6 after two plays, but were able to keep the ball with a 7-yard catch by Ertz. Eventually, they faced a fourth-and-1 on their own 45-yard line with 5:39 left in the game. Deciding to go for the conversion rather than punt, Foles completed a 2-yard pass to Ertz that kept the drive alive. Then after a 1-yard Blount run, he picked up three consecutive first downs with three passes to Agholor for gains of 10, 18, and 10 yards, respectively, moving the ball to the New England 14-yard line. Following a 3-yard run by Ajayi, Foles threw a 9-yard touchdown pass to Ertz with 2:21 remaining in the game. The play was held up on review, as Ertz lost the ball after touching the ground in the end zone; it was however determined that he established himself as a runner and also maintained control of the ball as he broke the plane of the goal line. However, a failed two-point conversion left the Eagles with a 38–33 lead. On the Patriots' next drive, Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham stripped the ball from Brady on the drive's second play for the only sack of the game for either team. Defensive end Derek Barnett of the Eagles recovered the ball, allowing the Eagles to run the clock down to 1:05 and forcing New England to use up all their remaining timeouts. Elliott then kicked a 46-yard field goal, putting Philadelphia ahead by eight points, with the score at 41–33, and New England needing a touchdown and a two-point conversion to tie the game and send it into overtime. After nine plays (one of them a 13-yard catch by Amendola on fourth-and-10), Brady reached the 49-yard line, and with only nine seconds remaining, he threw a Hail Mary pass to the end zone, to no avail as time expired. The Eagles had won their first Vince Lombardi Trophy in franchise history,[132] and their first league championship since 1960, ending what was the third-longest championship drought in the NFL at 57 years.

text: Game statistics[edit]

text: The combined 74 points scored by both teams was one point shy of the Super Bowl record of 75, set in Super Bowl XXIX in 1995; it and this game marked only the second time in the game's history where the two teams combined for 70+ points.[136] The game also set a record for most yardage by both teams (combined) with 1,151 yards, the most for any single game, regular season or postseason.[14] The game had many other Super Bowl records set as well, including fewest punts from both teams (one), most yards gained by a team (613 for New England) and most points scored by a losing team (33).[14]

text: Foles completed 28-of-43 passes for 373 yards and three touchdowns, with one interception, and caught a touchdown pass. Clement, who caught only 10 passes for 123 yards and two touchdowns during the season, was the Eagles leading receiver with four receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for eight yards. Agholor had nine receptions for 84 yards. Blount was the game's top rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown. Brady completed 28-of-48 passes for 505 yards and three touchdowns, breaking the record for most passing yards in a Super Bowl that he had set in the previous season. Amendola was his top target with eight receptions for 152 yards, while Hogan had six for 128 yards and a touchdown and Gronkowski caught nine passes for 116 yards and two scores.[137]

text: Box score[edit]

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Eagles (NFC)
9
13
7
12
41

Patriots (AFC)
3
9
14
7
33

text: at U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota

text:
Date: February 4, 2018
Game time: 5:31 p.m. CST
Game weather: Played indoors (domed stadium)
Game attendance: 67,612
Referee: Gene Steratore
TV announcers (NBC): Al Michaels, Cris Collinsworth, Michele Tafoya
Recap, Game Book

text:
[hide]Scoring summary

Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score

Plays
Yards
TOP
PHI
NE

1
7:55
14
67
7:05
PHI
25-yard field goal by Elliott
3
0

1
4:17
9
67
3:38
NE
26-yard field goal by Gostkowski
3
3

1
2:34
3
77
1:43
PHI
Jeffery 34-yard touchdown reception from Foles, Elliott kick no good (wide right)
9
3

2
8:48
6
65
3:05
PHI
Blount 21-yard touchdown run, 2-point pass no good
15
3

2
7:24
5
48
1:24
NE
45-yard field goal by Gostkowski
15
6

2
2:04
7
90
2:57
NE
White 26-yard touchdown run, Gostkowski kick no good (wide left)
15
12

2
0:34
7
70
1:30
PHI
Foles 1-yard touchdown reception from Burton, Elliott kick good
22
12

3
12:15
8
75
2:45
NE
Gronkowski 5-yard touchdown reception from Brady, Gostkowski kick good
22
19

3
7:18
11
85
4:57
PHI
Clement 22-yard touchdown reception from Foles, Elliott kick good
29
19

3
3:23
7
75
3:55
NE
Hogan 26-yard touchdown reception from Brady, Gostkowski kick good
29
26

4
14:09
8
51
4:14
PHI
42-yard field goal by Elliott
32
26

4
9:22
10
75
4:47
NE
Gronkowski 4-yard touchdown reception from Brady, Gostkowski kick good
32
33

4
2:21
14
75
7:01
PHI
Ertz 11-yard touchdown reception from Foles, 2-point pass no good
38
33

4
1:05
4
4
1:04
PHI
46-yard field goal by Elliott
41
33

"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
41
33

text: Final statistics[edit]

text: Statistical comparison[edit]

text:
Statistic
Philadelphia Eagles
New England Patriots

First downs
25
29

First downs rushing
6
4

First downs passing
19
23

First downs penalty
0
2

Third down efficiency
10/16
5/10

Fourth down efficiency
2/2
1/2

Total net yards
538
613

Net yards rushing
164
113

Rushing attempts
27
22

Yards per rush
6.1
5.1

Net yards passing
374
500

Passing–completions/attempts
29/44
28/49

Times sacked–total yards
0–0
1–5

Interceptions thrown
1
0

Punt returns–total yards
0–0
0–0

Kickoff returns–total yards
4–98
3–44

Interceptions–total return yards
0–0
1–8

Punts–average yardage
1–41
0–0

Fumbles–lost
0–0
1–1

Penalties–yards
6–35
1–5

Time of possession
34:04
25:56

Turnovers
1
1

text: The lone Eagles punt was received with a fair catch.

text:
Records set
(Unless otherwise noted, all records were only Super Bowl records)

Most yards allowed
613
Philadelphia Eagles

Most yards allowed in a win
613

Most Super Bowl appearances, as team
10
New England Patriots

Most points scored in a Super Bowl, losing team
33

Most total yards, team (game)
613

Most passing yards, team (postseason game)
500

Fewest punts, team (game)
0

Most players, 100 or more receiving yards
3
(Amendola 152, Hogan 128, Gronkowski 116)

Most Super Bowl appearances, as player
8
Tom Brady (New England)

Most Super Bowl appearances, as starting player
8

Most pass attempts, player (career)
357

Most pass completions, player (career)
235

Most passing yards, player (any postseason game)
505

Most passing yards, player (career)
2,576

Most touchdown passes, player (career)
18

Oldest quarterback, as player
40 years 185 days

Oldest quarterback, as starting player
40 years 185 days

Most Super Bowl appearances, as head coach
8
Bill Belichick (New England)

Most Super Bowl appearances, as coach
11

Most Super Bowl appearances, in any capacity
11

Most TD receptions, as quarterback (game)
1
Nick Foles (Philadelphia)

Most TD receptions, as quarterback (career)
1

Most Super Bowl games with TD pass and TD reception
1

Longest field goal kicked by a rookie
46 yards
Jake Elliott (Philadelphia)

Most receiving yards, game, tight end
116
Rob Gronkowski (New England)

Most total yards, both teams (any NFL game)
1,151
Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots

Most first downs passing, both teams (game)
42

Most passing yards, both teams (any postseason game)
874

Most missed PAT attempts, both teams (game)
4

Fewest punts, both teams (game)
1

Records tied

Fewest times sacked, as team (game)
0
Philadelphia Eagles

Fewest fumbles, as team (game)
0

Fewest fumbles lost, as team (game)
0

Fewest punt returns, as team (game)
0

Most missed PAT attempts, as team (game)
3

Most Super Bowl losses, as team
5
New England Patriots

Fewest punt returns, as team (game)
0

Most Super Bowl appearances, as kicker
5
Stephen Gostkowski (New England)

Most pass attempts with no interceptions (game)
48
Tom Brady (New England)

Most field goals, both teams (game)
5
Philadelphia Eagles vs. New England Patriots

Most first downs, both teams (game)
54

Most pass attempts, both teams (game)
93

Most touchdown passes, both teams (game)
7

Fewest times sacked, both teams (game)
1

Fewest punt returns, both teams (game)
0

Fewest punt return yards, both teams (game)
0

text: Individual statistics[edit]

text:
Eagles passing

C/ATT1
Yds
TD
INT

Nick Foles
28/43
373
3
1

Trey Burton
1/1
1
1
0

Eagles rushing

Car2
Yds
TD
LG3

LeGarrette Blount
14
90
1
36

Jay Ajayi
9
57
0
26

Nelson Agholor
1
9
0
9

Corey Clement
3
8
0
6

Eagles receiving

Rec4
Yds
TD
LG3

Nelson Agholor
9
84
0
24

Zach Ertz
7
67
1
19

Torrey Smith
5
49
0
17

Corey Clement
4
100
1
55

Alshon Jeffery
3
73
1
34

Nick Foles
1
1
1
1

Trey Burton
0
0
0
0

text:
Patriots passing

C/ATT1
Yds
TD
INT

Tom Brady
28/48
505
3
0

Danny Amendola
0/1
0
0
0

Patriots rushing

Car2
Yds
TD
LG3

James White
7
45
1
26

Dion Lewis
9
39
0
8

Rex Burkhead
3
18
0
9

Tom Brady
1
6
0
6

Chris Hogan
1
4
0
4

Brandin Cooks
1
1
0
1

Patriots receiving

Rec4
Yds
TD
LG3

Rob Gronkowski
9
116
2
25

Danny Amendola
8
152
0
50

Chris Hogan
6
128
1
43

James White
2
21
0
15

Rex Burkhead
1
46
0
46

Brandin Cooks
1
23
0
23

Phillip Dorsett
1
19
0
19

Tom Brady
0
0
0
0

James Develin
0
0
0
0

text:
1Completions/attempts
2Carries
3Long gain
4Receptions

text: Starting lineups[edit]

text:
Philadelphia
Position
Position
New England

Offense

Alshon Jeffery
WR
Brandin Cooks

Halapoulivaati Vaitai
LT
Nate Solder

Stefen Wisniewski
LG
Joe Thuney

Jason Kelce
C
David Andrews

Brandon Brooks
RG
Shaq Mason

Lane Johnson
RT
Cameron Fleming

Zach Ertz
TE
Rob Gronkowski

Nelson Agholor
WR
Chris Hogan

Nick Foles
QB
Tom Brady

LeGarrette Blount
RB
Dion Lewis

Torrey Smith
WR
FB
James Develin

Defense

Vinny Curry
DE
LE
Trey Flowers

Timmy Jernigan
DT
Lawrence Guy

Fletcher Cox
DT
Malcom Brown

Brandon Graham
DE
LB
James Harrison

Mychal Kendricks
OLB
LB
Kyle Van Noy

Nigel Bradham
OLB
LB
Elandon Roberts

Jalen Mills
CB
RCB
Stephon Gilmore

Ronald Darby
CB
LCB
Eric Rowe

Corey Graham
S
Patrick Chung

Rodney McLeod
S
Devin McCourty

Malcolm Jenkins
S
Duron Harmon

text: Officials[edit]

text: Super Bowl LII had eight officials.[2] The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers.

text:
Referee: Gene Steratore (114)
Umpire: Roy Ellison (81)
Down judge: Jerry Bergman (91)
Line judge: Byron Boston (18)
Field judge: Tom Hill (97)
Side judge: Scott Edwards (3)
Back judge: Perry Paganelli (46)
Replay official: Paul Weidner

text: This was Steratore's first Super Bowl as a referee, though he had been previously selected as an alternate for Super Bowl XLIV.[138]


document_title: List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

question_text: what were the last two states added to the united states

text: List of U.S. states[edit]

text:
State
Date
(admitted or ratified)
Formed from

1
 Delaware
000000001787-12-07-0000December 7, 1787[8]
(ratified)
Colony of Delaware[b]

2
 Pennsylvania
000000001787-12-12-0000December 12, 1787[10]
(ratified)
Proprietary Province of Pennsylvania

3
 New Jersey
000000001787-12-18-0000December 18, 1787[11]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New Jersey

4
 Georgia
000000001788-01-02-0000January 2, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Georgia

5
 Connecticut
000000001788-01-09-0000January 9, 1788[12]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Connecticut

6
 Massachusetts
000000001788-02-06-0000February 6, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay

7
 Maryland
000000001788-04-28-0000April 28, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Proprietary Province of Maryland

8
 South Carolina
000000001788-05-23-0000May 23, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of South Carolina

9
 New Hampshire
000000001788-06-21-0000June 21, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New Hampshire

10
 Virginia
000000001788-06-25-0000June 25, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony and Dominion of Virginia

11
 New York
000000001788-07-26-0000July 26, 1788[13]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New York

12
 North Carolina
000000001789-11-21-0000November 21, 1789[14]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of North Carolina

13
 Rhode Island
000000001790-05-29-0000May 29, 1790[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

14
 Vermont
000000001791-03-04-0000March 4, 1791[15]
(admitted)
Vermont !Vermont Republic[c]

15
 Kentucky
000000001792-06-01-0000June 1, 1792[16]
(admitted)
Virginia (nine counties in its District of Kentucky[d])

16
 Tennessee
000000001796-06-01-0000June 1, 1796[18]
(admitted)
Southwest Territory

17
 Ohio
000000001803-03-01-0000March 1, 1803[19][e]
(admitted)
Northwest Territory (part)

18
 Louisiana
000000001812-04-30-0000April 30, 1812[21]
(admitted)
Orleans !Territory of Orleans

19
 Indiana
000000001816-12-11-0000December 11, 1816
(admitted)
Indiana Territory

20
 Mississippi
000000001817-12-10-0000December 10, 1817[22]
(admitted)
Mississippi Territory

21
 Illinois
000000001818-12-03-0000December 3, 1818[23]
(admitted)
Illinois Territory (part)

22
 Alabama
000000001819-12-14-0000December 14, 1819[24]
(admitted)
Alabama Territory

23
 Maine
000000001820-03-15-0000March 15, 1820[25]
(admitted)
Massachusetts (District of Maine[f])

24
 Missouri
000000001821-08-10-0000August 10, 1821[26]
(admitted)
Missouri Territory (part)

25
 Arkansas
000000001836-06-15-0000June 15, 1836[27]
(admitted)
Arkansas Territory

26
 Michigan
000000001837-01-26-0000January 26, 1837[28]
(admitted)
Michigan Territory

27
 Florida
000000001845-03-03-0000March 3, 1845
(admitted)
Florida Territory

28
 Texas
000000001845-12-29-0000December 29, 1845
(admitted)
Texas !Republic of Texas

29
 Iowa
000000001846-12-28-0000December 28, 1846
(admitted)
Iowa Territory (part)

30
 Wisconsin
000000001848-05-29-0000May 29, 1848[29]
(admitted)
Wisconsin Territory (part)

31
 California
000000001850-09-09-0000September 9, 1850[30]
(admitted)
Unorganized !unorganized territory (part)

32
 Minnesota
000000001858-05-11-0000May 11, 1858[31]
(admitted)
Minnesota Territory (part)

33
 Oregon
000000001859-02-14-0000February 14, 1859
(admitted)
Oregon Territory (part)

34
 Kansas
000000001861-01-29-0000January 29, 1861[32]
(admitted)
Kansas Territory (part)

35
 West Virginia
000000001863-06-20-0000June 20, 1863[33]
(admitted)
Virginia (50 Trans-Allegheny region counties[g])

36
 Nevada
000000001864-10-31-0000October 31, 1864
(admitted)
Nevada Territory

37
 Nebraska
000000001867-03-01-0000March 1, 1867
(admitted)
Nebraska Territory

38
 Colorado
000000001876-08-01-0000August 1, 1876[36]
(admitted)
Colorado Territory

39[h]
  North Dakota
000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted)
Dakota Territory (part)

40
 South Dakota
000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted)
Dakota Territory (part)

41
 Montana
000000001889-11-08-0000November 8, 1889[39]
(admitted)
Montana Territory

42
 Washington
000000001889-11-11-0000November 11, 1889[40]
(admitted)
Washington Territory

43
 Idaho
000000001890-07-03-0000July 3, 1890
(admitted)
Idaho Territory

44
 Wyoming
000000001890-07-10-0000July 10, 1890
(admitted)
Wyoming Territory

45
 Utah
000000001896-01-04-0000January 4, 1896[41]
(admitted)
Utah Territory

46
 Oklahoma
000000001907-11-16-0000November 16, 1907[42]
(admitted)
Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory

47
 New Mexico
000000001912-01-06-0000January 6, 1912
(admitted)
New Mexico Territory

48
 Arizona
000000001912-02-14-0000February 14, 1912
(admitted)
Arizona Territory

49
 Alaska
000000001959-01-03-0000January 3, 1959
(admitted)
Alaska !Territory of Alaska

50
 Hawaii
000000001959-08-21-0000August 21, 1959
(admitted)
Hawaii !Territory of Hawaii

text: Articles of Confederation ratification dates[edit]

text: The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]

text:
State
Date

13 !1
 Virginia
000000001777-12-16-0000December 16, 1777

12 !2
 South Carolina
000000001778-02-05-0000February 5, 1778

08 !3
 New York
000000001778-02-06-0000February 6, 1778

11 !4
 Rhode Island
000000001778-02-09-0000February 9, 1778

01 !5
 Connecticut
000000001778-02-12-0000February 12, 1778

03 !6
 Georgia
000000001778-02-26-0000February 26, 1778

06 !7
 New Hampshire
000000001778-03-04-0000March 4, 1778

10 !8
 Pennsylvania
000000001778-03-05-0000March 5, 1778

05 !9
 Massachusetts
000000001778-03-10-0000March 10, 1778

09 !10
 North Carolina
000000001778-04-05-0000April 5, 1778

07 !11
 New Jersey
000000001778-11-19-0000November 19, 1778

02 !12
 Delaware
000000001779-02-01-0000February 1, 1779

04 !13
 Maryland
000000001781-02-02-0000February 2, 1781