document_title: List of Ray Donovan episodes

question_text: how many episodes are in ray donovan season 5

text: List of Ray Donovan episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
June 30, 2013 (2013-06-30)
September 22, 2013 (2013-09-22)

2
12
July 13, 2014 (2014-07-13)
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)

3
12
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)

4
12
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)

5
12[2]
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)[3]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Bag or the Bat"
Allen Coulter
Ann Biderman
June 30, 2013 (2013-06-30)
1.35[4]

Ray Donovan fixes problems for a powerful LA law firm. Originally from South Boston, he now lives in the affluent city of Calabasas, CA. While dealing with his troubled family, including his wife Abby, daughter Bridget and son Coner, he learns of the return of his father, Mickey, released from prison on parole.

2
2
"A Mouth Is a Mouth"
Allen Coulter
Ann Biderman
July 7, 2013 (2013-07-07)
1.56[5]

Ray tries to send Mickey back to prison. Angry with Ray, Abby allows her kids to spend the day with Mickey. Ray handles two crises involving movie star clients: A-list actor Sean Walker receives a threatening message and a home invasion, while action hero Tommy Wheeler is blackmailed with a video of his sexual exploits.

3
3
"Twerk"
Greg Yaitanes
Ron Nyswaner
July 14, 2013 (2013-07-14)
1.45[6]

Mickey spends time with his sons. Ray "buys" a talented hip-hop artist, Marvin Gaye Washington, for his rapper neighbor. Bridget becomes friendly with Marvin. Ezra holds a fundraiser, in honor of his late wife, due to being haunted by past mistakes. Meanwhile, the real reason for Mickey's early parole is revealed.

4
4
"Black Cadillac"
John Dahl
David Hollander
July 21, 2013 (2013-07-21)
1.52[7]

Ray is forced by Abby to visit Bel Air Academy to see Bridget's potential new school, while trying to deal with a work situation. Meanwhile, Mickey meets his ex, Claudette, leading to old memories being relived.

5
5
"The Golem"
Dan Attias
Sean Conway
July 28, 2013 (2013-07-28)
1.46[8]

Bunchy receives his money from the settlement with the Church. Mickey and Ezra reminisce about old events while Mickey wears a wire. Ezra has an accident while driving at night, and believes he has killed someone. Terry and Frances' relationship grows stronger.

6
6
"Housewarming"
Michael Uppendahl
Brett Johnson
August 4, 2013 (2013-08-04)
1.45[9]

Ray tries to shut down Van Miller's investigation by drugging him, and using this to create an incriminating video. Bunchy throws a housewarming party, but it gets out of control. Ray finds out that Mickey put his kids in danger and retaliates.

7
7
"New Birthday"
Lesli Linka Glatter
David Hollander
August 11, 2013 (2013-08-11)
1.44[10]

Ray finds out about Bridget's relationship with Marvin and forbids her from seeing him, but she visits him anyway, leading to emotional upset. Meanwhile, Ray flies to Boston to search for Bostonian mobster, Sully. Abby and Deb enjoy themselves too much, which turns into trouble. Mickey makes Sean let him work on a movie project.

8
8
"Bridget"
Guy Ferland
Ann Biderman
August 18, 2013 (2013-08-18)
1.47[11]

The three Donovan brothers remember the anniversary of their sister's demise. Ray and Avi get the money back that Bunchy spent on his house. Terry goes after Frances' husband after he sees evidence she has been abused. Mickey has trouble relating to an actress he meets at the spa.

9
9
"Road Trip"
Jeremy Podeswa
Brett Johnson
August 25, 2013 (2013-08-25)
1.33[12]

Accepting Ray's offer to kill Mickey, Sully travels to Los Angeles, but the journey does not go as planned, forcing Avi to step in. Asked by Coner to attend an award show with Tommy Wheeler, Ray must first obtain a series of incriminating photographs of the actor; Miller steps up his efforts in his investigation.

10
10
"Fite Nite"
Tucker Gates
Sean Conway
September 8, 2013 (2013-09-08)
1.25[13]

The Donovans attend Daryll's fight at Terry's club. Meanwhile, Ray's deal with Sully is put into action. Mickey has a rendezvous. Bunchy encounters his abuser, sending him into a tailspin.

11
11
"Bucky Fuckn' Dent"
Dan Minahan
Ron Nyswaner
September 15, 2013 (2013-09-15)
1.41[14]

Horrible secrets are revealed when the Donovan boys encounter the priest who abused Bunchy and Ray when they were boys. Ray executes him. Ray sends Avi to protect his family, much to Abby's anger; Mickey asks a favor from Claudette when he finds himself under investigation for the murder of Sean Walker.

12
12
"Same Exactly"
Michael Apted
Ann Biderman
September 22, 2013 (2013-09-22)
1.41[15]

With Sully on the run, Ray suggests to Frank a bold strategy in finding him; Abby leaves Ray a heartfelt message; Lena convinces Bridget to forgive her father; An empowered Bunchy kicks Mickey out of his apartment; Terry feels guilty of his role in the priest's death; a final showdown at the docks has long-lasting effects.

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"Yo Soy Capitán"
Tucker Gates
Ann Biderman
July 13, 2014 (2014-07-13)
1.22[16]

Ray's life returns to normal. The FBI demands that Mickey be brought to them. Abby, concerned for their marriage, forces Ray into therapy with her. Meanwhile, Bunchy attempts to recover from his abuse and applies for a job, Terry obsesses over Frances and Coner is in trouble after assaulting a classmate.

14
2
"Uber Ray"
Michael Uppendahl
Ann Biderman & David Hollander
July 20, 2014 (2014-07-20)
1.27[17]

Having difficulty in controlling Mickey upon returning him to LA, Ray bribes corrupt parole officer Ronald Keith to keep an eye on his father. As Ed Cochran holds a press conference declaring the FBI caught Sully, Boston Globe reporter Kate McPherson launches her own investigation on what happened at the docks.

15
3
"Gem and Loan"
Phil Abraham
Michael Tolkin
July 27, 2014 (2014-07-27)
1.38[18]

Desperate to get Bridget into the prestigious Bel-Air Academy, Ray is forced to do an unusual favor for old rival Stu Feldman, which involves a married couple; Mickey's attempts to see his old lover are thwarted by Keith; Kate arrives at Terry's Fight Club looking for answers; Abby's therapist tries to convince her that Ray is bribing her. Marvin reenters Bridget's life.

16
4
"S U C K"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander
August 3, 2014 (2014-08-03)
1.45[19]

Ray and the FBI must deal with Tiny, Sully's nephew who spoke to the cops about his involvement in Sully's death. After sleeping with Kate, Ray purchases a new house for Abby, who befriends a police officer at a shooting range. Bunchy makes friends with a woman and her child at his new job; Kate attempts to talk to Mickey.

17
5
"Irish Spring"
Dan Attias
Ron Nyswaner
August 10, 2014 (2014-08-10)
1.42[20]

Ray gets compromising information on Cochran, who enjoys wife-swapping with one of his subordinates. Avi follows Kate as she investigates, but Ray will need to give her a new story. Meanwhile, Abby tries to enjoy her prospective new neighbors, but their comments lead to a violent outburst. Marvin takes Bridget to a party at the house of a hip-hop mogul. Coner "apologizes" to Alex - but it doesn't go well.

18
6
"Viagra"
John Dahl
Brett Johnson
August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)
1.44[21]

Ashley introduces Ray to a new client; Ray turns to an unlikely source in finding dirt on Ed Cochran; Mickey sets his sights on a bigger payday; Terry and Potato Pie help Bunchy out when he gets a date with a single mother.

19
7
"Walk This Way"
Liev Schreiber
Ann Biderman
August 24, 2014 (2014-08-24)
1.35[22]

Coner requests that the Donovan family come together for his birthday, which Ray and Abby have forgotten; Ashley's stalker returns; Mickey's gift angers Daryl and strains his relationship with Claudette; An awkward incident leaves Bunchy confused; Terry learns an awful secret about his gym.

20
8
"Sunny"
John Dahl
David Hollander & Cheo Hodari Coker
August 31, 2014 (2014-08-31)
1.49[23]

Ray learns the truth about Abby's absences, and confronts Jim (the cop) about their affair. Cookie wants Marvin back for himself because he feels that his initial investment entitles him to all the money that the boy will make. Mickey gets the opportunity to sell his life story into a trilogy, but ends up losing it. Bridget is the sole witness to Cookie's brutality, who murders Marvin and Re-Kon.

21
9
"Snowflake"
Guy Ferland
Michael Tolkin & Brett Johnson
September 7, 2014 (2014-09-07)
1.63[24]

Ray and Abby have different opinions on how to handle Bridget's dangerous situation, where Cookie is trying to murder her. Kate turns to a new source for answers; Bunchy has an awkward moment with his girlfriend's son; Mickey and Shorty plan a heist.

22
10
"Volcheck"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander
September 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)
1.80[25]

Kate's return to Los Angeles sets off a violent chain of events involving Ray's past; Cochran is offered directorship of the FBI, but discovers the horrifying video made by Ray. Mickey and Shorty welcome two new members to their heist crew; Abby gives Jim a startling ultimatum;

23
11
"Rodef"
Michael Uppendahl
Ron Nyswaner & Brett Johnson
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
1.68[26]

Ray prepares his loved ones for the event of his arrest; Mickey's heist does not go according to plan, and Terry is arrested and put into jail. Ray obtains the video of Marvin's murder; Jim cannot bring himself to follow through on Abby's plan; Ezra turns to Avi in dealing with Kate.

24
12
"The Captain"
Michael Uppendahl
Ann Biderman
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
1.97[27]

Kate's murder at the hand of Avi (on Ezra's orders) forces Ray into action against several of his enemies; After the stolen safe yields less than expected, Mickey comes up with a new source for money; Jim gives Abby an enticing offer; An imprisoned Terry refuses to accept bail; Bunchy reveals his past to Patty; Ray kills Cookie in order to protect his daughter.

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

25
1
"The Kalamazoo"
Colin Bucksey
David Hollander
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
1.04[28]

Ezra is visited in his hospital bed by sinister Father Thomas Romero. A confused Ezra protests his presence. Romero quizzes Ezra about the buried priest. Deborah ushers the priest away and Ezra demands that Ray is called and warned, Ray does not take these calls, soon afterward, Ezra dies. Ray rescues a client from a potential sex scandal with his usual style and heads to a bar where Abby calls him to tell him of Ezra’s passing. Ray consoles himself with some rough sex with a stranger. Mickey, at his apartment complex, looks after the daughter of call girl Ginger who lives there. Mickey dislikes Ginger’s pimp and after attempting to convince him to change his ways or location resorts to drugging him and tossing him into the pool to drown. Ray meets Andrew Finney in his enormous house. Ray is engaged to recover Finney’s kidnapped son and is provided with ransom money. Ray later meets with the kidnappers and rescues the son, who had originally planned the kidnapping with a friend to get the cash, but the drug dealers they enlisted took over murdering his friend. Finney approves of the outcome and pays Ray. A smartened but broke Bunchy (Brendan) Donovan is trying to manage the Gym whilst Terry is in jail. Abby visits for a drink and helps out. Bridget rejects a ride home from school from her drunken mother and complains about this to Coner when at home. Abby stops to rescues a huge dog from the highway and takes it home with her. Romero convinces a police officer to give him a box of evidence relating to the deceased Father Danny.

26
2
"Ding"
Ed Bianchi
William Wheeler
July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
1.26[29]

Mickey tries to take over Gary’s girls, gets a loan secured on Daryll’s car, and buys coke for the girls to sell. He takes Audrey to her audition where she is not successful. Ray takes on a job from Paige Finney. He is to find Carl LaFell, the husband of a woman that a football star has been having an affair with and pay him off. She tricks Donovan into bringing Carl to a meeting only to see his wife in flagrante delicto with the quarterback – whose arm LaFell then breaks. When Ray realises this, he demands a check for the money – which Malcolm Finney pays out. Finney also offers to buy Ray and his firm, but Donovan says he is not for sale. Ray takes the check to LaFell who says he doesn’t want it. Ray persists, only to be rewarded with a series of punches. Avi offers Lena a partnership in his new business. When she tells Ray, he says she should take it. When Bridget calls Ray about Abby’s behaviour, he visits briefly. Later, Abby catches Connor watching porn and pleasuring himself. She calls Ray to tell him and invites Ray to dinner. He tentatively accepts but ends up not attending. Bunchy falls for the female member of the Mexican team, training at the gym in a big way. Her outfits and demeanor, especially towards Bunchy, are suggestive of a dominatrix. The group’s manager suggests using the gym as a venue for their show. Father Romero, posing as a member of Bunchy's support group, joins the gym. Terry is involved in a fight in prison, despite Ray paying a guard to protect him. Terry floors his opponent, but a rematch is arranged where Terry is stabbed with a shank. Terry still prevails, but ends up in solitary.

27
3
"Come and Knock on Our Door"
Dan Attias
David Hollander
July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
1.44[30]

A beaten-up Ray returns home in the early morning to surprise Bridget and apologize for missing dinner. While talking, Ray sees the ghost of his dead sister in the room and leaves. This apparition will haunt him throughout the day. Mickey explains his plan to the reluctant girls who agree to try it for one day, but Mickey receives a call from the prison and leaves Daryll to look after business. Daryll is soon overwhelmed with the role but Bunchy arrives and helps out. Ray is visited by Finney’s men who try, but fail, to bring him onto the payroll. Mickey and Ray try different approaches to get Terry out of prison before he is killed by the Aryan gang for killing one of their members in a prison fight. Both try and fail at the prison and Mickey ends up inadvertently killing the judge, who had already turned down cash from Ray. In desperation, Ray turns to Finney, who, in turn, leans on a reluctant Governor Verona, ensuring Terry is released that evening. Ray repays Finney by signing up to work for him. The girls return to a troubled Mickey, who is glum even upon seeing his large cut of the action. Ray calls, saying Terry will be freed. Mickey then cheers up, and claims joint responsibility for the release to Bunchy and Daryll. Ray collects Terry from the prison.

28
4
"Breakfast of Champions"
Lesli Linka Glatter
Brett Johnson
August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
1.37[31]

Abby visits her family in Boston, flirting with old flame Gus, in her brother Dave’s bar. Margaret, her sister, and Abby don’t get along. Abby spends most of the day drinking and bonding with Margaret’s daughter, Lauren, and resists Ray's demand she return home. After a brief war of words the sisters patch things up. Bridget has a bad day at school and tries to get her teacher on-side. Coner skips school and borrows Abby’s car; some girls ask to come round for the day but Coner ends up disappointed when they all bring their boyfriends. Coner and one of the guys come to blows with Coner eventually beating him with a bat; Bridget arrives before things get too ugly. Mickey tries to patch things up with Terry, though, as usual, his ways only serve to make things worse. Ray spends the day at Finney’s Imperial Studios. He shepherds Casey around as required and helps Paige overcome some personnel issues so that she can best portray the studio to a potential buyer. Andrew Finney first says the deal is off but after interjections from Paige says it is back on again. Alone, Finney tells Ray that he works only for him –- and suggests things will get ugly with the rest of the brood. Paige later calls Ray asking to meet, Ray declines, stating that he works only for her father. Going home, Ray gets a frosty reception from Bridget but stays at the family home in Abby’s absence.

29
5
"Handshake Deal"
Colin Bucksey
Gina Welch
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
1.32[32]

Mickey sets up a girls and gear party for PJ and his tech company Kwip. All goes well until more product than agreed is consumed, leaving Mickey $10,000 down. One of the girls gets busy with Coner. Ray is tasked by Finney with retrieving a phone which contains damaging evidence of Governor Verona’s dalliances. He enlists Lena to help and brings her back on staff. The phone recovered, Ray discovers that Paige was among Verona’s indiscretions. Bunchy’s heart is broken when Teresa and family leave after Terry spikes the wrestling deal. Romero tries further to befriend Bunchy. Bridget is having trouble with her college application; Ray’s attending a meeting with her doesn’t help so she phones her Mom. Abby, who has agreed to buy the bar and put in Margaret’s name, agrees to come home. On hearing from her sister that she needs Ray to agree to the bar deal Margaret becomes angry. Mickey tries to extend his loan with the Armenians and ends up agreeing to give them 50% of the business. Paige wants the phone but Ray insists his loyalties lie with her father. On meeting Finney he implies that the phone has been destroyed, Finney is displeased but seems content that his daughter does not have it. Ray later meets with Paige and offers the phone for 5% of the NFL deal, but settles for 3%. Ray comes home to find Mickey and Coner there, sending Coner to bed; Ray shares a quick drink with his father. After Mickey leaves Ray watches TV with the dog and then Abby comes home.

30
6
"Swing Vote"
John Dahl
Michael Tolkin
August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
1.61[33]

The Minassians take Mickey to visit another of their business partners and show him the punishment that awaits if payment is late. He returns to the apartment complex to find Ginger packed and ready to leave as Mrs Rosenblatt has threatened to call child protection about Audrey, Mickey says he will help and she should stay. Abby asks Ray if he wants a divorce, he doesn’t answer straight away but later calls saying a divorce is not what he wants, he wants to build a better life for them all. Bunchy shares his feelings about losing Teresa with his support group, Romero convinces him they should go and see her in Bakersfield on the trip Romero claims to have stabbed his own abuser in the eyes. Terry receives a weight plate shaped calling card from the Aryans. Ray gets confirmation from Lee Drexler that his contract with Paige is good and signs it. He is then called in by Finney to help delay a potential bidder for the NFL team, so that he misses the deadline. He despatches Lena to intercept this Mr Sylvester, whom they drug and deposit in a motel room. Paige gets the deal signed, though has to agree to a 10% break fee. Bunchy visits Teresa and asks her to marry him, despite her protestations he says he will wait at a diner down the street until she changes her mind. At the diner, Romero tricks Bunchy into saying how his abuser was despatched. Teresa does arrive and agrees to go with Bunchy – but only if he agrees to: tell the truth, be faithful, not hit her and drop the name Bunchy, Brendan agrees. At the election party Abby is introduced to Verona and the Finney clan. Ray leaves for a while to attend to a petrified Terry. On returning, with Verona losing the election and having found out about the deal with Paige, Finney expresses his disappointment at Ray.

31
7
"All Must Be Loved"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
1.37[34]

Terry’s specialist advises him that recent events are normal for Parkinson’s and he should really have in-home support, Ray agrees with Abby that he could move in with them, Terry later declines. Darryl is beaten and his car is taken by the Armenians who had come after a $30k payment, Mickey says he will sort it out and arranges to meet them with the money. Bunchy tells his family of his intention to marry Teresa and asks Ray for his settlement money. Ray OK’s the financing for Abby’s father’s bar. Paige tells Donovan she is divorcing Varick and fronts Ray $200k to bribe Helen Miller of Fish & Game. Romero calls Ray and asks for a meet, saying he knows about Father O’Connor’s murder. At the meeting he offers forgiveness if Ray confesses, Ray starts to confess then leaves – Romero follows but Ray turns on the priest and beats him until Terry pulls him off – Romero excommunicates them but calls for Ray to repent. Bunchy goes to Mickey looking for more work, Mickey takes him to the meeting with the Armenians, who, on discovering Mickey has given them play money lay in to Mickey and Darryl outnumbering and overwhelming them until Bunchy steps in – Darryl later tells Mickey that reprisals are a certainty. Bridget's crush on her tutor, Greg Donellen, moves to the next level. Paige summons Ray on the pretext of business, but on arriving her motives are clearly more about pleasure.

32
8
"Tulip"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander & William Wheeler
August 30, 2015 (2015-08-30)
1.44[35]

Paige tells Ray, her overnight guest, that they must seal the deal with Napier that week to keep everything on track. Ray enlists Helen Miller to provide some evidence (snakes which have been used to traffic drugs) which will be planted on Miller. Despite good planning by Ray and Lena, one of the snakes bites Miller, thwarting their plans. Romero shows up at the gym and has Bunchy summon Ray. Armed and ready to dispose of another priest, Ray is surprised when Romero simply hands him all of the evidence that he has gathered and leaves. The Armenians take revenge by torching Daryll’s car. The investigating police officer tells Mickey that she is aware of his activities and that he can either become an informant again or he, Darryl and Bunchy will likely face jail. Mickey later calls her and agrees. A disgruntled Varick is denied access to Finney so sneaks in through a back door. He threatens to expose his relationship with Finney who responds by hitting him, fatally, with a fire poker. Finney calls in Ray who, in turn, brings Avi back to help clean up with Lena. Burning and burying Varick’s body (along with Romero’s evidence) in a deep desert grave, Avi tries to convince Ray that Kate's murder was for Ray’s good. Finney, as agreed with Ray, tells Paige he will pay Napier’s price for the land and that she can take control of the deal going forward. Avi lays a false trail suggesting Varick fled south of the border. Bridget visits Donellen at home. He is on painkillers, and after he falls asleep on the couch Bridget snuggles up alongside him. Abby gets Terry cleaned up somewhat and he ends up staying in the room that Abby had prepared for him.

33
9
"The Octopus"
Colin Bucksey
Brett Johnson
September 6, 2015 (2015-09-06)
1.41[36]

Mickey is required by Detective Muncie to work with them on a sting operation against the Minassians and their Russian supplier of trafficked girls, Ivan Belikov. Preparations for Bunchy’s wedding are underway but at the rehearsal dinner Ray gives less a best man’s speech, more a mumbled couple of sentences. Ray has Lena check out Teresa and family, who are mostly clean. Terry’s Parkinson’s (or meds) give him nightmares and when checking out the noise Abby and Ray find a shaken and embarrassed Terry has wet the bed. The NFL is checking the Finneys' deal and the absence of Varick leads them to have one of their investigators, disgraced former FBI director Ed Cochran, look into the deal. Cochran seems to relish the prospect of encountering Ray again. Mickey hides out in a motel. Muncie goes looking for him and arrests groom-to-be Bunchy when Mickey cannot be located. Ray agrees with Muncie to swap father for brother, then tracks down Mickey and convinces him to return. Mickey meets with the Minassians and sees the pictures of the sex-slaves that Belikov is controlling; he is shaken by these. Bridget is out bowling with Donellen who admits his feelings for her. Bunchy and Teresa are married and the reception is a success with Ray delivering a fine and moving speech. Mickey asks Ray for help with his situation. Ray asks Lena to look into the Minassians.

34
10
"One Night in Yerevan"
Dan Attias
Gina Welch & David Hollander
September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
1.43[37]

Ray is planning to get Mickey out of his sticky situation with the cops by working with old employer Lee Drexler. Ray gets Lee to act as a legal representative for Mickey. Their angle is to say that Mickey is senile, which is signed off on by a doctor whom they pay, and then appoint Ray as his guardian. That means that Mickey can’t rightfully participate in Muncie’s sting. Ray also tries to convince the Minassians to let Mickey out of the deal they made, and asks for help from an Armenian pop star whom Ray had helped out in the past. Meanwhile, Cochran is gathering more evidence in his investigation of Ray, using the vetting of the Finney NFL deal as a reason to dig into any potential dirty business. Cochran is getting closer to learning the truth. He meets with Finney, gets a sense of where he stands, and also bribes his way into Avi’s storage locker. Worried about Bridget, Abby searches her room for something that will help her figure out what’s wrong. She finds Mr. Donellen’s pill bottle and confronts Bridget about it. When Abby learns the truth, she first threatens to call the cops. Donellen lies to Abby telling her that Bridget is obsessed with him because they both lost loved ones.

35
11
"Poker"
Colin Bucksey
Michael Tolkin & Brett Johnson
September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)
1.45[38]

Cochran sends the LAPD, via their website, a map of where Varick’s body is buried, his screen observed remotely by Avi and Lena. He then plants the poker at Ray's apartment and has Finney tell the police chief that it was Ray who killed Varick. Finney asks Paige to back him up. Avi calls Ray and they agree the body should be moved. Ray answers some of a detective’s questions about Varick, but Lee Drexler arrives and concludes the conversation. Lee tells Ray that Finney had implicated him; Ray sees Finney’s lawyer and tells him to have Finney recant his statement. Cochran arrives home to find Ray there, Ray asks where the poker is, but it takes a bullet to the leg and some persuasion to get the location. Ray recovers the poker just before the police arrive – Lena speeds it away. Bridget, though grounded, visits Donellen and tells him how she feels but he gently rebuffs her. Abby arrives and takes Bridget away. Terry makes a pass at Abby. Ray intercepts Paige on her way into the LAPD offices and he tries to convince her to tell the truth. She tells the police that Finney killed Varick and that they were lovers. Ray and his team deposit the body and poker in a dumpster at Finney’s home. Paige tells Finney she made her statement, but not its contents, and Lena torches the body. Ray and his team return a bruised Cochran to Dybek. Mickey avoids having to move to Reno by convincing his boys he has Alzheimer’s, and claims that he is scared that Ray will lock him away somewhere. Ray confronts Mickey, and Mickey tells Ray they will all hate him if he is sent away, forcing Ray to relent.

36
12
"Exsuscito"
David Hollander
David Hollander & William Wheeler
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
1.50[39]

TV news covers unfolding events at the Finney house, Paige arrives at Ray’s apartment to ride out the media storm. Ray leaves and goes home. Bridget is in Santa Monica and arranges a liaison with Greg Donellen. Teresa wakes Bunchy and rides him before she takes him to the hills and tells him she is pregnant, Bunchy reacts badly and admits he is worried about how good a parent he would be and doesn’t want to disappoint her. Abby searches for Bridget, hammering on Donellen’s door getting no response. Meanwhile Ray arrives home where Terry, reluctantly, tells him about Donellen. Ray calls Bridget, who does not answer, when Abby texts asking where she is she says at Mickey’s. Terry agrees to collect her; Abby tells Ray who agrees to meet there. Ray is second to arrive but sees two of the Armenians armed for revenge, he gets a gun and finds the Armenians shooting out Mickey’s apartment, Ray shoots at them but they leave quickly. Michelle is killed and Terry is badly hurt. Ray and Mickey rush Terry to the hospital. Avi advises that the Minassians will kill all of Ray's family, so Ray and Avi plan to eliminate them. Waiting as Minassians arrive at their club they are surprised to see Mickey arrive and gun down the doorman before entering the building. They follow and between them dispatch the Armenian men, though Ray is wounded. Mickey slits the throat of Ovsanna Minassian. Ray next goes to rescue Bridget. Donellen has declined Bridget’s advances but this doesn’t stop Ray from punching him a few times hard. He takes Bridget with him to the hospital where Terry is. She says Ray doesn’t love her or anyone, and leaves. She goes home and packs her bags. Terry is in a bad way, wounded and weakened. Ray goes to see Romero so he will visit Terry. Romero awaits his confession, Terry’s heart arrests. Ray confesses and tells of Father O’Connor’s misdeeds against him; Terry regains consciousness. Leaving the confessional Ray collapses. Romero drives him back towards L.A.

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

37
1
"Girl with Guitar"
Liev Schreiber
David Hollander
June 20, 2016 (2016-06-20) (online)
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) (Showtime)
1.11[40]

Ray and Terry have recovered. Ray attends his first abuse survivors' support meeting and tries to get Bridget to move back home. Abby gets alarming medical news that she has cancer. Mickey's new con fizzles. Ray gets a job offer but then has to help a friend out of a jam.

38
2
"Marisol"
John Dahl
Mike Binder & Rob Fresco
July 3, 2016 (2016-07-03)
1.15[41]

Ray helps Hector handle a person from his past who threatens to reveal a secret that could ruin Hector's boxing career. Meanwhile, Abby offers Bunchy a lesson in marital compromise; and Det. Muncie uses incriminating evidence against the Donovans to force Ray's hand, which draws him further in the path of the Russian mob.

39
3
"Little Bill Primm's Big Green Horseshoe"
Michael Apted
David Hollander & Miki Johnson
July 10, 2016 (2016-07-10)
1.34[42]

Ray struggles with not bringing work home, while boxing brings drama to both homes. Meanwhile his fathers paradox luck pulls him closer to his son.

40
4
"Federal Boobie Inspector"
Phil Abraham
Sean Conway
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
1.27[43]

Ray visits a Hollywood power player in an attempt to get the Russian mob off his back and unearths a secret Ezra shared in the past. Meanwhile, Lena and an ex-girlfriend take Abby out on the town to help her confront fears over her recent cancer diagnosis; and Mickey offers his boys a job prospect and tries to assimilate back into the family.

41
5
"Get Even Before Leavin'"
Robert McLachlan
Chad Feehan
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.27[44]

Ray goes with Mickey to Primm, to retrieve the money from the recent heist at the Casino. Meanwhile, Abby has some difficult decisions to make about her cancer, Bridget returns home and Bunchy has serious marital problems.

42
6
"Fish and Bird"
Daisy von Scherler Mayer
David Hollander
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.24[45]

Mickey takes the blame for the Armenian hit and goes to prison. Belikov is released. Bunchy baptizes his daughter and comes to live with Ray after Teresa left him. Ray settles his debt with the Russian mob, but new troubles arise.

43
7
"Norman Saves the World"
Tricia Brock
Mike Binder & David Sonnenborn
August 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)
1.13[46]

Ray has a confrontation with a Hollywood agent and a former fixer; without the protection of the Russians, Ray helps Mickey secure his own safety.

44
8
"The Texan"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander & Sean Conway
August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)
1.21[47]

Ray and Abby find out about Conor's gun; Hector's plans get surprisingly interrupted by Marisol.

45
9
"Goodbye Beautiful"
James Whitmore Jr.
Chad Feehan & Miki Johnson
August 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)
1.21[48]

Sonia asks Ray for help. Mickey, Bunchy and Teresa go to Primm. The Russians find out about Belikov.

46
10
"Lake Hollywood"
Stephen Williams
David Hollander & Mike Binder
August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28)
1.00[49]

Hector's wife confronts him and he deals with Marisol. Mickey, Bunchy and Teresa go to Ray's house. Ray does everything he can to ensure his family's safety and save his friend.

47
11
"Chinese Algebra"
John Dahl
Sean Conway & Chad Feehan
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
1.47[50]

Ray's latest attempt to save Avi and square his debts to the mob takes a hit when FBI agent Frank Barnes becomes involved.

48
12
"Rattus Rattus"
David Hollander
David Hollander
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
1.34[51]

As the Campos fight gets underway, Ray desperately turns to his family for help.

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

49
1
"Abby"
David Hollander
David Hollander
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
1.13[52]

Ray begins court-ordered anger management after a family tragedy sparks a bar fight. Meanwhile, Mickey, Bunchy and Daryll prepare for Terry and Maureen's wedding and Bridget looks up a mysterious acquaintance in New York. Conor adjusts to military school and Samantha Winslow, a studio head, hires Ray to do some work for her.

50
2
"Las Vegas"
John Dahl
David Hollander & Miki Johnson
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
1.11[53]

A flashback to Ray and Abby's 21st anniversary when they went to Las Vegas to see Damon's first televised fight. In the present, movie star Natalie James hires Ray to protect her from her abusive manager, who has also impregnated her. Hopes for a beautiful day are dashed at Terry and Maureen's wedding as tensions flare between the Donovans and the Dohertys.

51
3
"Dogwalker"
John Dahl
Sean Conway
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
1.06[54]

Ray cleans up Natalie's mess. At home, however, he struggles to reconnect with his family and complete anger management. Unable to reach Maureen, Terry visits Conor at military school. A surprise visit from Frank Barnes threatens to sink Mickey back into a life of violence. Bunchy happens upon the business opportunity of a lifetime to provide for Teresa and Maria.

52
4
"Sold"
Tucker Gates
Chad Feehan
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
1.07[55]

Mickey's screenwriting dreams stall out - until he's pulled into a gruesome fix for Daryll's movie star client. Abby starts construction on the new bar while Ray searches for a solution to their problem. Terry tries to win back Maureen one last time. Bunchy takes the cash out of his safe for a business deal. However, he stops at a local sandwich shop with all his money in a diaper bag and is robbed. Bridget tells her boyfriend that her father is not a nice man, and intentionally got him sick so that Abby could take his place on an experimental cancer treatment.

53
5
"Shabbos Goy"
Daisy von Scherler Mayer
David Hollander & William Wheeler
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
1.08[56]

Tom and Vicky blackmail Winslow, and demand money and one of her Oscar statuettes. Ray is looking for Natalie. Mickey finds Avi, but is unable to murder him for Frank Barnes.

54
6
"Shelley Duvall"
Michael Uppendahl
Miki Johnson & David Sonnenborn
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1.05[57]

Terry visits Bridget, Landry finds out that Natalie is staying with Ray, and asks to see her. Upon confronting Natalie, Landry grabs her roughly, and Ray stops him.

55
7
"If I Should Fall from Grace with God"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander & Chad Feehan
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
1.15[58]

56
8
"Horses"
Zetna Fuentes
William Wheeler
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
1.22[59]

57
9
"Mister Lucky"
Guy Ferland
Sean Conway
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
1.21[60]

58
10
"Bob the Builder"
Stephen Williams
Chad Feehan
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
1.24[61]

59
11
"Michael"
Carl Franklin
Miki Johnson
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
1.23[62]

60
12
"Time Takes a Cigarette"[63]
David Hollander
David Hollander
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
TBD


document_title: Romeo & Juliet (2013 film)

question_text: who played lady capulet in romeo and juliet

root

text: Romeo & Juliet (2013 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: During the late Middle Ages in Verona, two wealthy families, the Montagues and Capulets, have been feuding for centuries. One day at the market place, the feuding families start a brawl which infuriates the Prince and he threatens that if the peace of Verona is disturbed again, he shall take their lives. Meanwhile, Romeo, a young Montague, reveals that he is in love with Lord Capulet's niece, Rosaline. Romeo's cousin, Benvolio persuades him to forget Rosaline but Romeo rebuffs him.

tag: p

text: Later that night, there is a party held by Lord Capulet. Romeo sneaks in with Benvolio and Mercutio hoping to meet Rosaline. Instead, Romeo sees Juliet who is Lord Capulet's daughter and falls in love with her. Juliet feels the same and they share a dance. They go together to a quiet place and share a passionate kiss. Juliet's Nurse interrupts and when Romeo talks to the nurse, he discovers that Juliet is a Capulet.

text: After the party ends, Romeo sneaks into Juliet's garden secretly where he witnesses Juliet expressing her love for Romeo. He climbs the balcony and they quickly decide to get married the next day. Romeo seeks help from Friar Laurence to wed them and the Friar agrees thinking that their love may end the violent war between Capulets and Montagues. They perform the ceremony and afterwards Juliet returns home. Romeo catches up with Mercutio and Benvolio but they meet Tybalt and his men on the way. This starts another violent brawl during which Tybalt stabs Mercutio. Romeo is enraged and runs after Tybalt seeking revenge. They fight and Romeo slays Tybalt. As the result of this loss, the Prince banishes Romeo from Verona.

text: Meanwhile both families are filled with grief over their losses, especially Juliet. The Friar sends Romeo to Juliet so he can spend one last night with her. Romeo goes to Juliet and they consummate their marriage. Romeo leaves in haste the next morning. But Juliet is shocked when her father brings news of planning to wed Juliet with Count Paris. Juliet is resistant but her father threatens to disown her if she does not wed Paris. Juliet goes to Friar Laurence for help, threatening to take her life if the Friar does not have a solution. The Friar in return, gives her a potion that will put her in a deathlike sleep temporarily while he will inform Romeo about this and they shall run away together. Juliet is overjoyed and drinks the potion that night. Her parents are devastated and instead of her marriage, her funeral is planned. During the funeral, Benvolio sees Juliet and thinks she is dead and immediately runs off to tell Romeo.

text: Friar's letter however, does not reach Romeo and Benvolio tells Romeo that Juliet is dead. Romeo is shocked and devastated and plans to take his life. He buys poison and goes to Juliet. Paris tries to stop him, but is killed in a sword fight. Romeo kisses Juliet one last time, then he drinks the potion unaware that Juliet has awakened. Juliet is overjoyed to see him and they kiss but Romeo suddenly collapses and she finds out that he took poison and Romeo dies in her arms. The Friar arrives but he is too late. He hears some guards coming and goes to hold them off. While Juliet is filled with grief, she finds and stabs herself with Romeo's dagger. The Friar arrives and finds them both dead.

text: Their funeral is held together and the Capulets and Montagues finally reconcile, ending their feud.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Douglas Booth as Romeo Montague
Hailee Steinfeld as Juliet Capulet
Damian Lewis as Lord Capulet
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Benvolio Montague
Ed Westwick as Tybalt
Paul Giamatti as Friar Lawrence
Lesley Manville as Nurse
Christian Cooke as Mercutio
Stellan Skarsgård as Prince Escalus of Verona
Natascha McElhone as Lady Capulet
Tom Wisdom as Count Paris
Leon Vitali as Apothecary
Laura Morante as Lady Montague
Nathalie Rapti Gomez as Rosaline Capulet
Tomas Arana as Lord Montague
Simona Caparrini as a female guest
Anton Alexander as Abraham (House of Montague)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Production and casting[edit]

text: Ed Westwick was the first actor to read the script.[8] In April 2011, Hailee Steinfeld was said to be in talks for the lead role as Juliet in this adaptation.[9] Owing to Steinfeld's young age, there was some concern she would be asked to appear nude in the film. Director Carlo Carlei explained "there was a lovemaking scene that included nudity for the married Romeo and Juliet. This script was written with a 20-year-old actress in mind. As soon as Hailee Steinfeld was cast, all nudity and lovemaking have been excised from the script. It will be romantic and age-appropriate for a 14-year-old."[10] Julian Fellowes added, "We did feel it would be nice to have romantic, married love, and that purity was an important part of the film. They don't make love until they have been married."[6] The role of Romeo was found in June 2011 when Douglas Booth was cast, beating out 300 other actors who were interested in the part.[11] Paul Wesley had been offered the role of Count Paris,[12] but it was announced in February 2012 that Tom Wisdom would play him.[13]

text: Principal photography started on 3 February 2012 in Italy.[14] The film was shot at the grotto Sacro Speco in Subiaco; Mantua;[6] Caprarola, Lazio; Cinecittà, Rome; and in Verona. The first pictures of the set were posted on Italian newspaper Gazzetta di Mantova on 14 February 2012.[15][16] Steinfeld finished filming her scenes on 7 March 2012.[17]

text: Release[edit]

text: Theatrical release and premiere[edit]

text: Relativity Media was paid for by the producers to release the movie in North America on 11 October 2013, while the film was released through D Films in Canada on the same date.[1][18] The premiere was held in Hollywood on 24 September 2013 at the ArcLight Hollywood.[19] It was released in Australia on 13 February 2014.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Romeo & Juliet was released on DVD on February 4, 2014 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film holds a 22% approval rating and an average score of 4.5/10 on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes based on 82 reviews; the consensus reads: "Shakespeare's classic romance gets a so-so adaptation that's short on passion and energy."[20] The film has a 41 out of 100 rating on Metacritic based on 30 reviews, indicating "mixed reviews".[21]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Trailer Awards 2014

Award
Category
Nominee
Result

Golden Trailer
Best Romance Poster
Relativity Media and Blood & Chocolate Productions Ltd.
Nominated

tag: table

text:
International Film Music Critics Award (IFMCA) 2013

Award
Category
Nominee
Result

IFMCA Award
Film Score of the Year, Best Original Score for a Drama Film and Film Music Composition of the Year
Abel Korzeniowski For the composition track "A Thousand Times Goodnight".
Won

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
L'Amor Dona Ch'Io Te Porto Anonymous, late 15th Century - Performed by Ensemble La Rossignol
Tourdion (Pierre Attaignant) - Performed by Ensemble La Rossignol
Skin - Written and Performed by Zola Jesus


document_title: T'Chaka

question_text: who played young king t'chaka in black panther

text: T'Chaka

text: Publication history[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016)

text: T'Chaka first appeared in Fantastic Four #53 (1966) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: T'Chaka is the Chieftain of Wakanda who ascended to the throne after the death of his father King Azzuri the Wise. During 1941 at the time of World War II, Captain America traveled to Wakanda where he met T'Chaka. Together, they assisted Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos against Red Skull and Baron Strucker.[1] T'Chaka and Captain America also faced threats from Master Man, Warrior Woman, and Armless Tiger Man when they partook in an all-out attack on Wakanda. Armless Tiger Man even threatened to kill T'Chaka if he didn't have Wakanda's forces surrender.[2] Outmanned and outgunned, T'Chaka and Captain America held their own against Master Man, Warrior Woman, Armless Tiger Man, White Gorilla, and Red Skull.[3]

text: Sometime later, Captain America visited Wakanda and gave T'Chaka his triangle shield in exchange for some Vibranium. When he got engaged to his first wife N'Yami, T'Chaka adopted Hunter who T'Chaka groomed as the heir to the throne until the day N'Yami gave birth to T'Challa and then died from childbirth. Shortly after T'Challa's birth, his brother Jakarra was born. T'Chaka later married Ramonda who gave birth to Shuri.[4]

text: In the fall of 1959, T'Chaka was kidnapped by Geoffrey Sydenham of the organization ICON.[5] This was part of ICON's plan to weaken Wakanda and pillage the technology there.[6] Nick Fury's Avengers stumbled onto this plot where they ended up fighting ICON. It was discovered that T'Chaka was being held in a castle within Latveria where Dum Dum Dugan and Eric Koenig then rescued him. T'Chaka was safely returned to Wakanda.[7]

text: Many years later, Wakanda had their technology coveted as they had no ties to any other countries.[8] Ulysses Klaw and his mercenaries invaded Wakanda and demanded that T'Chaka give them their vibranium. When T'Chaka refused to give them vibranium, Klaw had his mercenaries kill T'Chaka. This angered T'Challa who used one of the mercenaries' weapons to destroy their camp and rendered Ulysses Klaw's right hand useless.[9]

text: The history of T'Chaka's death was retconned in the third volume of the Black Panther comics in which the leaders of some different countries had been unable to negotiate with T'Chaka into giving them some Vibranium. After that happened, they hired Ulysses Klaw. Upon emerging from the floor of T'Chaka's palace, Ulysses Klaw killed T'Chaka. This enraged T'Challa who wounded and drove away Ulysses Klaw. Due to the death of T'Chaka, T'Challa's uncle S'Yan ruled Wakanda in T'Chaka's place until the day when T'Challa was at the right age to be sworn in as the new Chieftain of Wakanda.[8]

text: Powers and abilities[edit]

text: Upon eating a special heart-shaped herb, T'Chaka possesses superhuman strength, speed, agility, stamina, durability, reflexes, and senses. He is also an expert martial artist, a known weapons expert, a skilled marksman, an expert tracker and hunter, and a master tactician.

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Ultimate Marvel[edit]

text: In the Ultimate Marvel universe, T'Chaka's full name was T'Chaka Udaku.[10]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
T'Chaka appears in the Fantastic Four episode "Panther's Prey," voiced by Beau Weaver. Just like the comics, he is killed by Klaw.
T'Chaka appears in episode 3 of Black Panther, voiced by Jonathan Adams. He is seen in a flashback where he was killed by Klaw.
T'Chaka is referenced in the Iron Man: Armored Adventures episode "Panther's Prey." Black Panther mentions to Iron Man that Moses Magnum was responsible for killing T'Chaka.
T'Chaka appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes episode "The Man in the Ant-Hill," voiced by Hakeem Kae-Kazim. He is challenged to the throne of Wakanda by Man-Ape. With some unseen assistance from Klaw, T'Chaka is killed by Man-Ape causing T'Challa to become the next Black Panther and seek help to take back Wakanda.
T'Chaka is alluded to in the Avengers Assemble episode "Panther's Rage." Outside of the fact that T'Chaka is dead, Captain America had to explain to T'Challa that his father gave Howard Stark the Vibranium needed to make Captain America's shield.

text: Film[edit]

text:
T'Chaka appears in Ultimate Avengers II, voiced by Dave Fennoy. He begins the film as the Black Panther. When Wakanda is invaded by Chitauri, T'Chaka attacks them to drive them off. He is ambushed by Nazi-disguised Chitauri general Herr Kleiser who stabs him multiple times. T'Chaka defeats and drives off Kleiser, but succumbs to his wounds. After his death, T'Challa ascends to the throne and mantle of the Black Panther.
John Kani portrays T'Chaka in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
He first appears in Captain America: Civil War.[11] During a meeting ratifying the Sokovian Accords at the Vienna International Center, T'Chaka is killed by an explosion. The Winter Soldier was originally believed to be behind the attack, but it was later discovered that he was framed by Helmut Zemo.
Kani reprises his role as T'Chaka 2018's in Marvel's Black Panther[12] while his son Atandwa Kani portrays a young T'Chaka in the same film. In the film's prologue, T'Chaka learned his brother N'Jobu (instead of S'Yan) was plotting acts of open insurrection with plans to having Wakanda take a more aggressive foreign policy to fight the social injustice he witnessed in his assigned country. T'Chaka confronted N'Jobu. When N'Jobu attacked, he was killed by T'Chaka in defense of Zuri (who was acting as a spy the whole time). Distressed at this act and concerned about maintaining Wakanda's security above all else, T'Chaka chose to promptly return to his nation and left Erik abandoned as a child orphan. T'Challa would learn of this act and the resulting cover-up by his late father. While visiting the ancestor lands, T'Challa learned of T'Chaka's actions and tells him and the Black Panthers before him that he will lead Wakanda in a way that's opposite of their way for the purpose to correct T'Chaka's past mistakes.

text: Video games[edit]

text: T'Chaka is referenced in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. When the players ask Black Panther about his history, he mentions how his father was killed by Klaw.


document_title: Sons of Anarchy (season 5)

question_text: guest stars on sons of anarchy season 5

question_tokens: guest stars on sons of anarchy season 5

text: Sons of Anarchy (season 5)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Charlie Hunnam as Jackson "Jax" Teller (13 episodes)
Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow (13 episodes)
Mark Boone Junior as Robert "Bobby Elvis" Munson (13 episodes)
Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser (9 episodes)
Kim Coates as Alex "Tig" Trager (13 episodes)
Tommy Flanagan as Filip "Chibs" Telford (13 episodes)
Ryan Hurst as Harry "Opie" Winston (4 episodes)
Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos "Juice" Ortiz (13 episodes)
Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller (13 episodes)
Ron Perlman as Clarence "Clay" Morrow (13 episodes)

text: Special guest cast[edit]

text:
Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla (12 episodes)
Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt (8 episodes)
Harold Perrineau as Damon Pope (8 episodes)
Benito Martinez as Luis Torres (7 episodes)
Danny Trejo as Romero "Romeo" Parada (6 episodes)
Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case (4 episodes)
Donal Logue as Lee Toric (3 episodes)
Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam ("Orca Shrugged")
Sonny Barger as Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz ("Crucifixed")

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
David LaBrava as Happy Lowman (13 episodes)
Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip "Filthy Phil" Russell (12 episodes)
Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds (8 episodes)
Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (8 episodes)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (7 episodes)
Chris Browning as GoGo (6 episodes)
Kurt Yaeger as Greg "The Peg" (6 episodes)
Wanda De Jesus as Carla (5 episodes)
Niko Nicotera as George "Rat Boy" Skogstorm (5 episodes)
Billy Brown as August Marks (5 episodes)
Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco (5 episodes)

McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (5 episodes)
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (4 uncredited)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (4 episodes)
Walter Wong as Chris "V-Lin" Von Lin (3 episodes)
Merle Dandridge as Rita Roosevelt (2 episodes)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (2 episodes)
Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay (2 episodes)
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin (2 episodes)
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez (2 episodes)
Kristen Renton as Ima ("Authority Vested")
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross ("Crucifixed")

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Rachel Miner as Dawn Trager (2 episodes)
Ashley Tisdale as Emma Jean (2 episodes)
Joel McHale as Warren (2 episodes)
Dave Navarro as Arcadio Nerona (2 episodes)
Mo McRae as Tyler Yost (2 episodes + 1 as co-star)
Marshall Allman as Devin Price ("Orca Shrugged")
Olivia Burnette as Homeless Woman ("J'ai Obtenu Cette")

text: Production[edit]

text: Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley, it is filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there include the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital, and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff also double as the Charming police station. External scenes are often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga.[3]

text: On his Sons of Anarchy YouTube channel Sutterinksoa, Kurt Sutter has stated that he began writing scripts for season 5, episodes one and two as early as March 1, 2012. It was also announced that Chuck Zito would be joining the Sons cast as a Nomad traveling through Charming.[4] Another announced cast addition for season five is Jimmy Smits. Smits, known for his work in L.A. Law, NYPD Blue, The West Wing and Dexter, will play an escort service owner and former Latino gang member who becomes a mentor to Jax.[5] Harold Perrineau joined the cast in May as the villain Damon Pope.[6]

text: With Dave Erickson's departure, Kurt Sutter remains the only writer to have been writing the series since the first season.[citation needed]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

54
1
"Sovereign"
Paris Barclay
Kurt Sutter
September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)
5WAB01
5.37[7]

Jax's sovereignty has a shaky start after the Niners attack one of SAMCRO's gun shipments. Gemma makes a new ally during a night of drinking. An irritated Tara has trouble ascending to her role as queen and mother. Clay attempts to get back into the club's good graces by revealing part of the truth about Piney's death. Damon Pope and his crew exact appalling revenge on Tig. Opie rebuffs Jax's offer to sit at the table. A series of home invasions rocks Charming, particularly an unsuspecting Unser.

55
2
"Authority Vested"
Peter Weller
Regina Corrado
September 18, 2012 (2012-09-18)
5WAB02
4.17[8]

Jax and Chibs hide out at Nero's brothel, while planning their next move. Tig and the club scour Oakland for Fawn. Clay makes a move that surprises Bobby and Opie. In the midst of chaos, Jax and Tara have a quick wedding ceremony. Nero begins to develop an alliance with Jax and a relationship with Gemma.

56
3
"Laying Pipe"
Adam Arkin
Kem Nunn & Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter
September 25, 2012 (2012-09-25)
5WAB03
3.80[9]

As Jax, Chibs, Tig, and Opie struggle to stay alive during their jail time in County, Bobby learns from Luis that the cartel is looking to secure a backup plan. Gemma turns to an unlikely source as Tara continues to maneuver Thomas and Abel away from her. Meanwhile, Clay uses Nero's escort service to get a rise out of Gemma. Damon Pope gives Jax his terms and conditions, which could effectively change the entire dynamic of SAMCRO.

57
4
"Stolen Huffy"
Paris Barclay
Chris Collins
October 2, 2012 (2012-10-02)
5WAB04
4.60[10]

The police raid of Nero's brothel leaves Nero and Carla without an office space. Meanwhile, Jax and Chibs try to protect the escort the Biz Lats believe is responsible. Wendy tries to come to honest terms with Tara, while Gemma makes a move to get Tara back on her side. Jax sees an opportunity to pull the club in a new direction. Opie's wake is held, with all of SAMCRO in attendance.

58
5
"Orca Shrugged"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
Regina Corrado & Kurt Sutter
October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09)
5WAB05
4.34[11]

The club votes on getting into the companion business with Nero. Meanwhile, Jax begins to build bridges by getting Jacob Hale's Charming Heights development back on track. The Gallindo/Irish Kings meeting finally happens. Gemma confronts her son over her relationship with Nero. Roosevelt's wife is accidentally shot when she is pushed to the floor during a home invasion. A transsexual hooker does a favour for SAMCRO.

59
6
"Small World"
Adam Arkin
Roberto Patino
October 16, 2012 (2012-10-16)
5WAB06
4.03[12]

Damon Pope gives Jax an offer to mule more drugs, bringing the Niners, Lin's Triad, and the Mayans together in an uneasy pact. As Roosevelt waits for the DNA under Rita's fingernails to be identified, he swears revenge on SAMCRO if they are found guilty. Gemma is forced to ask for Clay's help after Carla ends her relationship with Nero in a bloody manner. Jax learns the identity of the County Jail officer who led Opie to his death. Unser comes to a realization about his relationship with Gemma. Tara tries to convince Otto to reverse his testimony against the club. Clay endures another setback.

60
7
"Toad's Wild Ride"
Peter Weller
Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins
October 23, 2012 (2012-10-23)
5WAB07
4.30[13]

As Jax and the club begin to connect the dots on the series of home invasions, the Nomads scramble to get out of Charming before they are found out. Meanwhile, Jax is forced to clean up one of his mother's messes. Clay uses Juice and Unser to tie up some loose ends. Jax's trust in Pope is further strained when two black gang members attack him and Chibs. Tara gives Gemma one more chance to be in her children's lives, which ends in tragedy when Gemma has a car accident while driving with the children.

61
8
"Ablation"
Karen Gaviola
Mike Daniels
October 30, 2012 (2012-10-30)
5WAB08
4.58[14]

In the aftermath of Gemma's car accident, Clay and Nero have different approaches to helping her out of trouble with Jax and Tara: Clay lies to Jax about the accident, while Nero advises Gemma to tell the truth. The Sons try to find out who was behind the attack on Jax and Chibs. They find Frankie, who confesses Clay was behind it, but he escapes at gunpoint with Nero's money. Nero gets Jax's permission to get back together with Gemma. Clay pressures Juice, who finally fills him in on all the secrets he's been hiding from the club. In return, Clay tells him about his involvement with the Nomad's attacks. Jax discovers Gemma was under the influence of pot while driving, and Tara banishes her after striking her. Meanwhile, Roosevelt promises to tell Jax the name of the rat who has been informing on them for the RICO case, in exchange for Frankie Diamonds. Jax devises a plan to trap Clay, which includes manipulating Gemma, who's Clay's weakness, and Jax tells Gemma if she wants back in the family's good graces, she has to get close to Clay and learn his dirty secrets.

62
9
"Andare Pescare"
Billy Gierhart
Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)
5WAB09
3.96[15]

Jax and the club go on the hunt for Frankie Diamonds, while Clay and Juice follow up on their own lead in a race to get to him first. Clay and Juice discover Frankie has sought the protection of his old Mafia allies. The club votes on Frankie's expulsion and execution, but Jax tells Bobby they can't kill Frankie and explains the deal with Roosevelt. During the trip to find Frankie, Clay manipulates Juice into going after Frankie on their own. Nero takes Gemma to meet his disabled son. Clay and Juice find Frankie first, but Jax arrives before Clay can kill him. However, the Mafia kills Frankie when they see he killed the Mafioso assigned to guard him. Gemma and Nero share a tender moment as he buries his half-sister Carla. Tara gets more than she bargained for when she makes a second attempt to get Otto to recant his RICO statement. After obtaining Tara's reassurances about Jax's offer, Gemma takes the first step toward getting close to Clay. Jax shows Roosevelt Frankie's corpse, and in exchange he gets confirmation about the Son who talked to the police. The episode ends with Jax following Juice.

63
10
"Crucifixed"
Guy Ferland
Kem Nunn
November 13, 2012 (2012-11-13)
5WAB10
4.58[16]

After confronting Juice about his betrayal of the club, Jax offers him a path to redemption. Avenging Opie's death proves difficult when one of the perpetrators turns up under the protection of the Grim Bastards, leading to a disagreement between Jax and Bobby. As Gemma attempts to get closer to Clay, Tara performs one last favour for Otto—with bloody results.

64
11
"To Thine Own Self"
Paris Barclay
Mike Daniels & John Barcheski & Kurt Sutter
November 20, 2012 (2012-11-20)
5WAB11
4.23[17]

Jax scrambles to put his affairs in order, while Nero handles business with his old crew.

65
12
"Darthy"
Peter Weller
Chris Collins & Kurt Sutter
November 27, 2012 (2012-11-27)
5WAB12
4.25[18]

Jax makes arrangements to take the club in a different direction. The Irish kidnap Wendy, and Nero gives Jax the $450,000 required to get her back. Jax shoots up Wendy with a speedball, in an attempt to stop her from pursuing custody of Abel.

66
13
"J'ai Obtenu Cette"
Kurt Sutter
Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins
December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)
5WAB13
4.66[19]

Clay and Juice are packing Clay's house, preparatory to Clay's move to Ireland. Jax strikes a new deal while ridding himself of old problems. Jax and Tig kill Pope and frame Clay for the murder with the help of Juice and Gemma. After killing Pope, Jax keeps his dealings going with Pope's second in command, August Marks. Bobby figures out what Jax has done and confronts him, then later on leaves his V.P. patch on the table. Tara is arrested for conspiracy to commit murder. Gemma arrives at Jax's house to console Jax.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Season five received favourable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic.[20] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the series by calling it a "richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy".[citation needed]

text: Home media release[edit]

text: The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 27, 2013.[21]


document_title: Hannah Montana

question_text: what was hannah montana's name on the show

question_tokens: what was hannah montana 's name on the show

text: Hannah Montana

text: Storylines

text: In its series premiere, Hannah Montana who is first introduced as Miley Stewart, lives a double life as an average schoolgirl by day and a famous recording artist Hannah Montana by night.[1] Her father Robby Stewart is a successful country music singer under the stage name Robbie Ray, and raises Miley and her brother Jackson Stewart as a single father in Malibu, California after their mother Susan died. Miley's best friend Lilly Truscott discovered her secret while attending a Hannah Montana concert.[1] Later in the first season, Miley herself revealed her secret to their close friend Oliver Oken with the intention of ending his romantic interest in Hannah Montana. Lilly and Oliver assumed the aliases Lola Luftnagle and Mike Standley III when appearing with Hannah in order to protect Miley's secret. Meanwhile, Jackson is employed at Rico's Surf Shop, where his child-aged boss Rico Suave often assigns him to complete embarrassing tasks.

text: Miley, Lilly, and Oliver begin high school in the second season. Rico, who begins high school after skipping several grades, nearly discovers Miley's secret on several occasions. Later in the season, Miley admits to Jake Ryan, whom she initially disliked and later dated in the second season season, that she is Hannah Montana. However, their briefly rekindled relationship ends after he struggles to adopt a normal, non-celebrity lifestyle, which Miley is concerned she will lose as a result of dating the actor.

text: While Miley is off shooting a movie (a parody of Indiana Jones), Lilly and Oliver begin dating in the third season. Though Miley initially feels uncomfortable with the changed dynamic of their friendship, she often helps the pair reconcile after arguing with one another. Miley herself begins dating Jake again, but develops feelings for her bandmate Jesse. Jackson moves into his own apartment while attending college, while Lilly moves in with the Stewart family after her mother finds work in Atlanta, Georgia. In the two-part season finale, Robby buys a ranch in Malibu to bring Miley's horse Blue Jeans from Tennessee, while Jackson leaves his apartment and returns home. Oliver also embarks on a tour with the band that lived above Jackson's former apartment.

text: In the fourth season, the Stewart family moves into their new ranch, and Miley finds out that Jake was cheating on her, from Oliver who has a photo of Jake nibbling another girl's ear. She breaks up with him and soon starts to date Jesse. He admits that he discovered her secret by paying attention to her actions, and it begins to inconvenience her friends and family. After much deliberation, Miley reveals to Jay Leno's television audience that she is Hannah Montana. Afterwards, Miley and Lilly graduate high school, with arrangements to attend college. In the series finale, Miley and Lilly prepare to go to college, yet another movie offer comes up. Miley tries to make Lilly reject her, only to fail multiple times. She convinces Lilly to come with her to Paris (where the movie is shooting), however at the airport, Lilly decides not to go, but to return to college (this is due to Oliver convincing Lilly that Miley will get another movie role next year). Miley continues to Paris, only to come back, joining Lilly in Stanford. Jesse and Oliver guest star in that episode and a Montage of pictures play at the end of the episode.

text: Episodes

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
26
March 24, 2006 (2006-03-24)
March 30, 2007 (2007-03-30)

2
29[Note 1]
April 23, 2007 (2007-04-23)
October 12, 2008 (2008-10-12)

3
30
November 2, 2008 (2008-11-02)
March 14, 2010 (2010-03-14)

4
13
July 11, 2010 (2010-07-11)
January 16, 2011 (2011-01-16)[2]

Films
February 1, 2008 (2008-02-01)
(theatrical)
April 10, 2009 (2009-04-10)
(theatrical)

text: Jump up ^ A 30th episode, titled "No Sugar, Sugar", was produced, but never aired in the United States.

tag: ol

text: The first season of Hannah Montana commenced airing on March 24, 2006 and concluded on March 30, 2007 after broadcasting 26 episodes. An additional episode, titled "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana", served as a crossover episode with That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, and was broadcast on July 28, 2006.[3] The second season had 29 episodes, and aired from April 23, 2007 until October 12, 2008.[3] An additional episode, titled "No Sugar, Sugar", was filmed but was not broadcast in the United States after parental complaints alleged that the episode provided inaccurate information regarding diabetes.[4]

text: The third season of Hannah Montana premiered on November 2, 2008 and concluded on March 14, 2010 after broadcasting 30 episodes.[3] Its twentieth episode aired on July 17, 2009 and served as the third and final installment of the "Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana" crossover episode;[3] the first was considered an episode of the second season of Wizards of Waverly Place,[5] while the second was produced as an installment of the first season of The Suite Life on Deck.[6] Furthermore, the season was interrupted with the premiere of Hannah Montana: The Movie, which was released on April 10, 2009.[7]

text: The fourth and final season of Hannah Montana was renamed Hannah Montana Forever,[8] and premiered on July 11, 2010.[3] After broadcasting 13 episodes that season, and 98 episodes across all four, the series finale aired on January 16, 2011.[3]

text: Cast and characters

text: Throughout its run, the series was led by five (seasons 1 and 4) and six (seasons 2–3) primary characters. Its original main characters are Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), Lilly Truscott (Emily Osment), Oliver Oken (Mitchel Musso), Jackson Stewart (Jason Earles), and Robby Stewart (Billy Ray Cyrus).[9] In the second season, Rico Suave (Moisés Arias), who originally appeared in a supporting capacity during the first season,[10] was integrated into the primary cast.[11] During the fourth and final season, Oken became a supporting character due to Musso's involvement on the television series Pair of Kings, which aired on the sister station Disney XD.[12]

text: The aforementioned character's storylines were largely developed by supporting cast members. Susan Stewart (Brooke Shields) is shown as Miley and Jackson's deceased mother in flashback scenes, while Aunt Dolly (Dolly Parton) is portrayed as Miley's godmother (Parton is Cyrus's real-life godmother). Jake Ryan (Cody Linley) was depicted as an actor for the popular television series Zombie High. He briefly attended Seaview Middle School with Stewart, Truscott, and Oken, and engaged in an on-again/off-again relationship with Stewart in several points during Hannah Montana. Roxy Roker (Frances Callier) was close friends with the Stewart family, and additionally served as their bodyguard during public appearances. Amber Addison (Shanica Knowles) and Ashley Dewitt (Anna Maria Perez de Tagle) are shown as stereotypical school divas, and are notably the rivals of Stewart and Truscott. Jesse (Drew Roy) is introduced as one of Miley's later love interests.

text: Production

text: Michael Poryes, who is credited as co-creator, also co-created the hit Disney Channel Original Series That's So Raven. The show is produced by It's a Laugh Productions, Inc. and Michael Poryes Productions, in association with Disney Channel Original Productions. It is filmed at Sunset Bronson Studios in Hollywood, California.

text: The original idea for this show was based on the That's So Raven episode "Goin' Hollywood", which served as the backdoor pilot for a sitcom tentatively called Better Days to star Alyson Stoner, in which a child star of a popular TV show of the same name was to try her hand at going to a normal school. The episode "New Kid in School" has the basic premise as that aforementioned episode.

text: As the show's concept was further developed, among those considered for the lead role of 'Chloe Stewart' were former American Juniors finalist Jordan McCoy, future Gossip Girl actress Taylor Momsen and pop and R&B singer JoJo (who rejected the role).[13] Miley Cyrus originally auditioned for the role of the "best friend"[14] Lilly Truscott, but they thought she would be better for the main character, so she tried out for Chloe Stewart/Hannah Montana. Chloe Stewart was later changed to Miley Stewart when Cyrus got the part.[15] The names of Hannah Montana were changed a few times. One of the previous names was Alexis Texas.[16]

text: In December 2006, Disney announced plans to release Hannah Montana products, including clothing, jewelry, apparel, and dolls, at selected stores.[17] Play Along Toys released the Hannah Montana fashion dolls, singing dolls, Miley Stewart doll, and other merchandise in August 2007. More Hannah dolls were released in November, along with Oliver, Lilly, and later Jake Ryan dolls. They became one of the most popular Christmas toys in 2007.[18]

text: According to the Daily Dispatch, the TV series held a global audience of 200 million viewers in 2008. "If Miley’s viewers were a country, they would be the fifth largest population in the world – just ahead of Brazil."[19] By February 2008, the Hannah Montana franchise had become so important that Disney convened an "80-person, all-platform international meeting to discuss Hannah Montana's future".[20] All Disney business segments were represented at the meeting.

text: Opening sequence

text: The theme song for Hannah Montana is "The Best of Both Worlds" written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, produced by Gerrard and performed by Miley Cyrus (as Hannah Montana). John Carta, who also composed the music cues to signify scene changes and commercial breaks for the first season, composed the music for the song. The song's lyrics describe the basic premise of the television series.

text: The full-length version of the song, which is 2 minutes, 54 seconds in length, was included on the show's soundtrack, released in October 2006. For the TV version of the theme, which lasts only 50 seconds, only the first two stanzas and the last two were used. "Just Like You" and "The Other Side of Me" were originally tested for the opening theme song, before "Best of Both Worlds" was chosen as the theme.

text: The opening sequence for the first two seasons features episode clips of each cast member when their name appears. Each cast member's name is "wiped" on the screen in a marquee-light-style. The sequence then switches to full-screen episode clips (most of the clips used in the Season One version of the sequence were of the early produced episodes) with the creator's names appearing in the second-to-last clip. The show's title logo design appears at the beginning and end of the sequence (the latter portion on the "concert stage" features Cyrus as her character Hannah Montana). The only change to the sequence for season two were the replacement of episode clips and the addition of the Disney logo above the show's title logo.

text: For season three, a new version of the opening credits was used. It features Miley as herself and Hannah Montana in a Times Square-like setting. The names of the actors and actresses and clips from the show appear in a sort-of marquee board and it features Hannah Montana with her new wig and clothes style. The song playing is a remixed version of "The Best of Both Worlds", that was originally recorded for (and heard in) Hannah Montana: The Movie. This marked the first time that a Disney Channel series has completely revamped its opening title sequence. The sequence was reformatted for high definition and slightly altered for season four, with the credit typing changed, the addition of the "Forever" wording in the main title logo, the removal of Mitchel Musso from the credit sequence and the inclusion of clips from season four episodes.

text: Reception

text: U.S. television ratings

text: The series premiere of Hannah Montana garnered 5.4 million views, giving the Disney Channel the highest ratings in its history.[21] The series' most-viewed episode, "Me and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas" aired on August 17, 2007, to an audience of 10.7 million. In doing so, it also became the most-viewed episode on basic cable.[22]

text:
Ratings table

Season
Network
Timeslot
Season premiere
Season finale
Episode #
Viewers
(in millions)
Most watched episode

Premiere date
Viewers
(million)
Finale date
Viewers
(million)
Title
Viewers
(millions)

Season 1
Disney Channel
Fridays, 8/7c
March 24, 2006
5.4
March 30, 2007
4.8
26
4.04
"On the Road Again?"
7.1[23]

Season 2
Saturdays, 8/7c
Fridays, 8/7c (episodes 17–20)
Sundays, 8/7c (episodes 21–29)
April 23, 2007
3.5
October 12, 2008
4.4
29
4.74
"Me and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas"
10.7[22]

Season 3
Sundays, 8/7c
Sunday, 7:30/6:30c (season finale
both parts)
November 2, 2008
5.5
March 14, 2010
7.6
30
4.75
"Super(stitious) Girl"
9.3[24]

Season 4
Sundays, 8/7c
July 11, 2010
5.7
January 16, 2011
6.2
13
5.05
"I'll Always Remember You"
7.1[25]

text: Criticism

text: Cyrus's public image

text:
"When Walt Disney was running the company, it would have been unthinkable that a former Disney star would go this route. I can’t imagine any parent, knowing what Miley’s current stage persona is, letting their child get too attached to the Hannah Montana character. So for that reason, Disney may find themselves forced to retire the character all together."

Melissa Henson of the Parents Television Council discussing the connection between the series and Cyrus's continued career.[26]

tag: div

text: As Cyrus continued to develop an increasingly provocative image as Hannah Montana progressed, the series has received criticism for appearing to be a negative influence on its younger audience. In 2010 and 2011, she was recognized as the worst celebrity influence by JSYK, an AOL-owned service, presumably considering a series of sexually-inappropriate pictures and leaked footage of Cyrus smoking Salvia divinorum.[27] In contrast, Cyrus's friend Kelly Osbourne described that such reports "could not be farther from the truth", adding that "she has learned her lesson" after her Salvia divinorum incident.[28]

text: In 2012, Joe Paul Wilson from the Culture and Media Institute criticized her for "[becoming] the epitome of the anti-role model for young girls" after establishing a following through her "wholesome" persona as Hannah Montana.[29] Writing for the New York Post, Naomi Schaefer Riley noted that Cyrus "duped" the series' audience after assuming an increasingly provocative public image, posing as an "inherent danger" for younger children.[30]

text: After a controversial performance at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, Hollie McKay of Fox News felt that parents would no longer feel comfortable allowing their children to watch Hannah Montana "knowing what Miley's current stage persona is", and further suggested that Disney would be forced to discontinue the franchise in light of the criticism.[26] Cyrus herself had previously stated her displeasure in not being able to "erase that stuff [Hannah Montana] and start over", and acknowledged her attempts to "start as a new artist" with her fourth studio album and first record unaffiliated with Disney, Bangerz (2013).[31]

text: Lawsuits

text: Buddy Sheffield alleged that he pitched the concept for a television series titled Rock and Roland to the Disney Channel in 2001. The program would have focused on a junior high school student who led a secret double life as a rock star, though the network passed on the proposal. However, after Hannah Montana became a successful franchise, Sheffield filed a lawsuit against the Disney Channel in August 2007, commenting that he was owed "millions of dollars" in damages.[32]

text: In April 2010, series co-creators Rich Correll and Barry O'Brien filed a lawsuit against the Disney Channel for $5 million over profits from the program. They claimed that they were denied their share of profits and pre-negotiated percentage-based bonuses based on their backend deals and Writers Guild of America, West requirements for writers who receive "created by" credits. Correll, who also directed a number of episodes, further alleged that he was unfairly terminated and blackballed by Disney after testifying in connection with a WGA arbitration. A third producer, Michael Poryes, has previously filed a similar lawsuit in October 2008.[33]

text: Broadcast

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The series is broadcast worldwide on Disney Channel. It premiered on May 6, 2006 in Ireland and it also airs on TRTÉ. In the United Kingdom it premiered on the same date and also airs on Channel 5. In Australia it premiered on August 7, 2006 and on Seven Network on April 7, 2007. It premiered on the same date in New Zealand and airs also on FOUR. It first aired on Family in Canada on August 4, 2006. It premiered in Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, and Singapore on September 23, 2006. It premiered on the same date in Pakistan and also airs on GEO Kids from November 2008 and on WikKid Plus starting January 12, 2009. In South Africa it first aired on September 29, 2006. It premiered in Trinidad and Tobago in November 2008 on CNC3 Television.

text: Distribution

text: Films

text: Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert is a concert film from Walt Disney Pictures presented in Disney Digital 3-D. The limited release was intended to be for one week, February 1–7, 2008 in the US and Canada with release in other countries later on, but was extended for viewing as long as theaters wanted. Disney announced the concert was filmed in several cities to be theatrically released in the US in February and internationally that month. The film uses 3-D glasses.

text: The opening weekend, February 1–3, 2008, the movie had gross revenue of $31.1 million. It was the number one movie of the weekend. Opening in only 638 theaters, it set a record of over $42,000 per theater. It set a record for the highest revenue for a 3-D movie for one weekend.

text: Hannah Montana: The Movie

text: Hannah Montana: The Movie is the musical film adaptation of the American teen sitcom Hannah Montana. Filming began in April 2008,[34] much of it occurring in Columbia, Tennessee,[35] and Los Angeles, California,[36][37][38] and was completed in July 2008.[39] The film was released on April 10, 2009 in the United States and Canada.[40]

text: Discography

text:
Soundtracks

Hannah Montana (2006)
Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus (2007)
Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009)
Hannah Montana 3 (2009)
Hannah Montana Forever (2010)

Other albums

Hannah Montana 2: Non-Stop Dance Party (2008)
Best of Both Worlds Concert (2008)
Hits Remixed (2008)
Best of Hannah Montana (2011)

text: Awards and accolades

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2006
Teen Choice Awards
TV – Choice Breakout Star
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[41]

Golden Icon Awards
Best New Television Comedy
Hannah Montana
Nominated[42][43]

Casting Society of America
Best Casting – Children's TV Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Nominated[44]

2007
Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Miley Cyrus
Won[45]

Choice TV Show: Comedy
Hannah Montana
Won[45]

Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[46]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Supporting Young Actress
Emily Osment
Nominated[46]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Recurring Young Actor
Cody Linley
Nominated[46]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Recurring Young Actress
Morgan York
Nominated[46]

2007 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Won[47]

2007 UK Kids' Choice Awards
Best TV Show
Hannah Montana
Nominated[48]

Best TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[48]

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Hannah Montana
Nominated[49]

Casting Society of America
Best Casting – Children's TV Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Won[50]

2008
Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Miley Cyrus
Won[51]

Choice TV Show: Comedy
Hannah Montana
Won[51]

Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a TV Series – Leading Young Actress
Miley Cyrus
Won[52]

Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress
Ryan Newman
Nominated[52]

Best Young Ensemble Performance in a TV Series
Miley Cyrus, Emily Osment,
Mitchel Musso, Moises Arias and Cody Linley
Nominated[52]

Best Family Television Series
Hannah Montana
Won[52]

2008 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
Hannah Montana
Nominated[53][54]

Favorite TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Won[54]

2008 UK Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Kids' TV Show
Hannah Montana
Nominated[55][56]

Favorite Female TV Star
Miley Cyrus
Won[56]

2008 Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Fave Comedy Show
Hannah Montana
Nominated[57][58]

Fave International TV Star
Miley Cyrus
Won[58]

Television Critics Association Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming
Hannah Montana
Nominated[59][60]

Gracie Allen Awards
Outstanding Female Lead – Comedy Series (Children/Adolescent)
Miley Cyrus
Won[61]

BAFTA Children's Awards
BAFTA Kid's Vote: TV
Hannah Montana
Won[62]

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Hannah Montana
Nominated[63]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Won[64]

2009
Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Miley Cyrus
Won[65]

Choice TV: Sidekick
Emily Osment
Won[65]

Choice TV: Parental Unit
Billy Ray Cyrus
Won[65]

Choice TV Show: Comedy
Hannah Montana
Won[65]

Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[66]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Supporting Young Actor
Moises Arias
Nominated[66]

Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Supporting Young Actress
Emily Osment
Nominated[66]

2009 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
Hannah Montana
Nominated[67][68]

Favorite TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[67][68]

2009 Australian Kids' Choice Awards
Fave International TV Star
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[69]

Meus Prêmios Nick Brazil
Favorite TV Program
Hannah Montana
Nominados[70][71]

Gracie Allen Awards
Outstanding Female Lead – Comedy Series (Children/Adolescent)
Miley Cyrus
Won[72]

BAFTA Children's Awards
BAFTA Kid's Vote: TV
Hannah Montana
Won[73]

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Hannah Montana
Nominated[74]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Nominated[75]

2010
Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) – Leading Young Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[76]

Best Performance in a TV Series – Guest Starring Young Actor 14 and Over
Nate Hartley
Won[76]

2010 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[77][78]

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Female Personality
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[79][80]

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Hannah Montana
Nominated[81]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Nominated[82]

2011
Young Artist Awards
Best Performance in a TV Series – Guest Starring Young Actor 11–13
David Burrus
Nominated[83]

Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actress Ten and Under
Mary-Charles Jones
Nominated[83]

2011 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Actress
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[84][85]

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico
Favorite International Program
Hannah Montana
Nominated[86][87]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Miley Cyrus
Nominated[88][89]

Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Children's Series Programming
Carol Goldwasser and Howard Meltzer
Nominated[90]


document_title: Railway nationalization

question_text: when was the national ization of indian railway done

text: Railway nationalization

text: Russia[edit]

text: Railroads in the Russian Empire were build by both the state and capitalists. After communist takeover the whole railway system was brought under the state control and remained being so after fall of the communist rule. Nowadays the Russian Railways state-owned company holds monopoly on this sphere of transportation.

text: Argentina[edit]

text: The Argentine railways developed with private British, Argentine and French capital and were nationalised by the state in 1948 during President Juan Perón's first term of office and merged into the existing state-owned railways. In the 1990s, following Carlos Menem's neoliberal reforms, services were privatised through concession with infrastructure still belonging to the state. After a series of high-profile accidents and serious deterioration of services under privatisation, most rail lines have returned to state control by 2015, in effect re-nationalising them.

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, the government took control of several railways that fell into bankruptcy following World War I, including the Canadian Northern Railway, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, and the Grand Trunk Railway. On December 20, 1918, the federal government created the Canadian National Railways (CNR), and placed the companies that it took control of under the CNR. Canadian National Railway was privatized in 1995.

text: France[edit]

text: In 1878, the French government took over ten small failing railway companies and established the Chemin de fer de l'État. The company absorbed the Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest in 1908. In 1938, the French state took 51% ownership of the newly formed SNCF merging of France's five main railways (100% in 1982).

text: Germany[edit]

text: The earliest railways in the German states were often run by private entrepreneurs. Beginning in 1879, the Prussian government nationalized the major railways.[1] After World War I, the German Reich took over control of the state railways of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, Baden, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hesse and Oldenburg. The individual railways were merged into the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft in February 1924.[2] Due to impending war reparations, the DRG was a private company, but shares were bought by the Reich in 1937, effectively nationalizing the corporation. In World War II the DR assimilated a great number of railway companies in the German-occupied territories as well as several smaller, previously privately owned lines in Germany. Post-World War II, after being under Allied administration between 1945 and 1949, the DR was split up into the Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn of the GDR, both state-owned. Private railways continued to exist in the West German realm of the DB, but DB and DR accounted for most of the rail traffic in post-war Germany. After German reunification, DB and DR became Deutsche Bahn AG in 1994. Whilst DB AG is a public limited company, all its shares are presently owned by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany. DB AG is now facing stiff competition in the freight and short-distance passenger sector (the latter of which is subject to franchising), although they still hold a quasi-monopoly in the long-distance passenger sector (which does not receive subsidies), which was starting to crack until the opening of the long distance bus market destroyed the business case of any open access competition. The IPO, originally planned for 2008, has been postponed indefinitely and is currently not on the agenda of any major political party.

text: India[edit]

text: Indian Railways has been state owned since 1951.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: In Ireland Córas Iompair Éireann was formed from the merger of the Great Southern Railways with the Dublin United Transport Company on 1 January 1945. Initially a private company limited by shares, CIÉ was nationalized in 1950. The final privately owned mainline railway company on the island, the Great Northern Railway, was nationalized under joint control of the Irish and Northern Irish governments in 1953. It was wound up in 1958 and its assets split between CIÉ and the UTA.

text: Italy[edit]

text: Following unification, the Italian Government entrusted the railways to five regional concessionaires. The arrangement did not work well and, long before it was due to expire, the railways were nationalized in 1905. The nationalized operator is known as Ferrovie dello Stato. Italy has an open access high-speed rail operator competing against the national railway; Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori which is part owned by SNCF and private investors.

text: Japan[edit]

text: In Japan, the Railway Nationalization Act of 1906 brought most of the country's private railway lines under public control. Between 1906 and 1907, 2,812 miles (4,525 km) of track were purchased from seventeen private railway companies. The national railway network grew to about 4,400 miles (7,100 km) of track, and private railways were relegated to providing local and regional services. In the 1980s the process of privatizing Japanese National Railways begun that is not entirely finished as of 2016 with both entirely state and private members of the JR Group.

text: Spain[edit]

text: After years of declining profitability, the national rail network was devastated by the Spanish Civil War. In 1941, the broad gauge railways were nationalized, as RENFE. The narrow gauge railways were also later nationalized; some of these have since been transferred to the autonomous regional governments where contained within a single region. The standard gauge high-speed lines were built as a state owned venture from the start.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In 1914, the railways were taken into Government control due to World War I, but were returned to the original owners in 1921, three years after the war had ended. However, in that same year, the government introduced the Railways Act 1921. This forced the 120 railway companies then operating to merge into just four. This grouping officially took place on 1 January 1923. The four railway companies formed from the grouping were: The Great Western Railway, the Southern Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. In Britain during World War II, the railways were taken into State control. They were heavily damaged by enemy attacks and were run down aiding the war effort. After the war, the Transport Act 1947 provided for nationalizing the four major railways. On January 1, 1948, the railways were nationalized and British Railways was created, under the overall management of the British Transport Commission, later the British Railways Board.

text: Privatization[edit]

text: British Rail was privatised between 1994 and 1997, involving the transfer to a series of private-sector operators of responsibility for the provision of services under contract. In all, more than 100 companies took over from British Rail. In 2001 the track operator Railtrack plc went bankrupt; it was reconstituted and renamed as Network Rail, a private company with no legal owner but effectively government-controlled via its constitution and financing. The United Kingdom government continues to invest in the railways, financing, for example, the acquisition of some InterCity rolling stock.

text: The positive impact of privatization is disputed, with passengers numbers more than doubling (see graph) and increasing customer satisfaction[3] balanced with worries about the level of rail subsidies and criticism of the fact that much of the system is now contracted out to subsidiaries owned by the state owned railways of France, Germany and the Netherlands.[4]

text: Only 20% of Southern trains arrived on time in the year from April 2015 to March 2016, and there was an ongoing industrial dispute over driver-only operated trains.[5][6] In June 2016, amongst criticism of the performance of its services, Go-Ahead warned of lower than anticipated profits on its Govia Thameslink Railway franchises, leading to 18% drop in the Go-Ahead share price.[7]

text: Northern Ireland[edit]

text: Railways in Northern Ireland were nationalized in the 1940s under the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA). The former LMS lines managed by the Northern Counties Committee, nationalized by the Westminster government, were sold to the UTA by the British Transport Commission in 1949. Unlike British Rail, the Northern Ireland Railways remain state owned.

text: United States[edit]

text: After the United States entered World War I in 1917, the country's railways proved inadequate to the task of supplying the nation's war effort. On December 26, 1917, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson nationalized most American railways under the Federal Possession and Control Act, creating the United States Railroad Administration (USRA), which took control of the railways on December 28, 1917. The USRA introduced several reforms to increase efficiency and reduce costs, including standardizing rolling stock and steam locomotive designs. The war ended in 1918, and on March 1, 1920, the railways were handed back to their original owners. Freight operations and most of the track remain private enterprises but passenger operations were transferred to the de facto federally owned Amtrak under President Nixon. Amtrak subsequently bought some tracks from bankrupt railways as well as Conrail.