document_title: Women's College World Series

question_text: who won the ncaa women's softball championship this year

question_tokens: who won the ncaa women 's softball championship this year

text: Women's College World Series

text: Division I[edit]

text: NCAA[edit]

text:
Year
Champion[3]
Title
Series
Score
Runner-up
Tie-3rd
Tie-5th
Tie-7th

1982
UCLA
WCAA
2–0 (8 inn)
Fresno State
NorPac
Cal St. Fullerton
WCAA
Arizona State
WCAA
Nebraska
Big Eight
Western Michigan
MAC
Creighton
Gateway
Oklahoma State
Big Eight

1983
Texas A&M
Southwest
2–0 (12 inn)
Cal State Fullerton
WCAA
UCLA
WCAA
South Carolina
Independent
Louisiana Tech
Southland
Pacific
NorPac
Indiana
Big Ten
Missouri
Big Eight

1984
UCLA
WCAA
1–0 (13 inn)
Texas A&M
Southwest
Northwestern
Big Ten
Nebraska
Big Eight
Adelphi
Atlantic 10
Fresno State
NorPac
Cal Poly Pomona
CCAA
Utah State
High Country

1985
2–1 (9 inn)
Nebraska*
Big Eight
Cal St. Fullerton
PCAA
Cal Poly Pomona
CCAA
Adelphi
Atlantic 10
Northwestern
Big Ten
Louisiana Tech
Southland
Utah
High Country

1986
Cal State Fullerton
PCAA
3–0
Texas A&M
Southwest
California
NorPac
Indiana
Big Ten
Creighton
Gateway
Long Beach State
PCAA
Louisiana Tech
Southland
Northwestern
Big Ten

1987
Texas A&M
Southwest
4–1
UCLA
Pac-10
Cal St. Fullerton
PCAA
Nebraska
Big Eight
Central Michigan
MAC
Fresno State
PCAA
Arizona State
Pac-10
Florida State
Metro

1988
UCLA
Pac-10
3–0
Fresno State
PCAA
Arizona
Pac-10
Cal Poly Pomona
CCAA
Nebraska
Big Eight
Texas A&M
Southwest
Aldelphi
Atlantic 10
Northern Illinois
North Star

1989
1–0
Arizona
Pac-10
Oklahoma State
Big Eight
Cal Poly Pomona
CCAA
Oregon
Pac-10
South Carolina
Metro
Toledo
MAC

1990
2–0
Florida State
Metro
Oklahoma State
Big Eight
Long Beach State
Big West
UNLV
Big West
Arizona
Pac-10
Kent State
MAC

1991
Arizona
Pac-10
5–1
UCLA
Pac-10
Fresno State
Big West
Long Beach State
Big West
Florida State
Metro
Missouri
Big Eight
UNLV
Big West
Utah
WAC

1992
UCLA
Pac-10
2–0
Arizona
Pac-10
Fresno State
Big West
Massachusetts
Atlantic 10
California
Pac-10
Long Beach State
Big West
Florida State
ACC
Kansas
Big Eight

1993
Arizona
Pac-10
1–0
UCLA
Pac-10
Southwestern Louisiana
Sun Belt
Oklahoma State
Big Eight
Cal St. Northridge
WAC
Connecticut
Big East
Florida State
ACC
Long Beach State
Big West

1994
4–0
Cal State Northridge
WAC
Oklahoma State
Big Eight
UCLA
Pac-10
Fresno State
WAC
Utah
WAC
Illinois–Chicago
Mid-Con
Missouri
Big Eight

1995
UCLA**
Pac-10
4–2
Arizona
Pac-10
Iowa
Big Ten
UNLV
Big West
Cal St. Fullerton
Big West
SW Louisiana
Sun Belt
Michigan
Big Ten
Princeton
Ivy

1996
Arizona
Pac-10
6–4
Washington
Pac-10
Iowa
Big Ten
UCLA
Pac-10
California
Pac-10
SW Louisiana
Sun Belt
Michigan
Big Ten
Princeton
Ivy

1997
10–2 (5 inn)
UCLA
Pac-10
Fresno State
WAC
Washington
Pac-10
Iowa
Big Ten
Michigan
Big Ten
Massachusetts
Atlantic 10
South Carolina
SEC

1998
Fresno State
WAC
1–0
Arizona
Pac-10
Oklahoma State
Big 12
Washington
Pac-10
Michigan
Big Ten
Nebraska
Big 12
Massachusetts
Atlantic 10
Texas
Big 12

1999
UCLA
Pac-10
3–2
Washington
Pac-10
California
Pac-10
DePaul
Conference USA
Arizona
Pac-10
Fresno State
WAC
Arizona State
Pac-10
Southern Miss
Conference USA

2000
Oklahoma
Big 12
3–1
UCLA
Pac-10
Arizona
Pac-10
Southern Miss
Conference USA
Alabama
SEC
Washington
Pac-10
California
Pac-10
DePaul
Conference USA

2001
Arizona
Pac-10
1–0
UCLA
Pac-10
LSU
SEC
Stanford
Pac-10
California
Pac-10
Oklahoma
Big 12
Iowa
Big Ten
Michigan
Big Ten

2002
California
Pac-10
6–0
Arizona
Pac-10
Arizona State
Pac-10
Florida State
ACC
Nebraska
Big 12
UCLA
Pac-10
Michigan
Big Ten
Oklahoma
Big 12

2003
UCLA
Pac-10
1–0 (9 inn)
California
Pac-10
Arizona
Pac-10
Texas
Big 12
Oklahoma
Big 12
Washington
Pac-10
Alabama
SEC
LA-Lafayette
Sun Belt

2004
3–1
LSU
SEC
Stanford
Pac-10
Florida State
ACC
Oklahoma
Big 12
Michigan
Big Ten
Washington
Pac-10

2005***
Michigan
Big Ten
0–5
5–2
4–1 (10 inn)
UCLA
Pac-10
Tennessee
SEC
Texas
Big 12
Alabama
SEC
Arizona
Pac-10
California
Pac-10
DePaul
Conference USA

2006
Arizona
Pac-10
8–0
5–0
Northwestern
Big Ten
Tennessee
SEC
UCLA
Pac-10
Arizona State
Pac-10
Texas
Big 12
Alabama
SEC
Oregon State
Pac-10

2007
0–3
1–0 (10 inn)
5–0
Tennessee
SEC
Northwestern
Big Ten
Washington
Pac-10
Baylor
Big 12
DePaul
Big East
Arizona State
Pac-10
Texas A&M
Big 12

2008
Arizona State
Pac-10
3–0
11–0
Texas A&M
Big 12
Alabama
SEC
Florida
SEC
LA-Lafayette
Sun Belt
UCLA
Pac-10
Arizona
Pac-10
Virginia Tech
ACC

2009
Washington
Pac-10
8–0
3–2
Florida
SEC
Alabama
SEC
Georgia
SEC
Arizona
Pac-10
Michigan
Big Ten
Arizona State
Pac-10
Missouri
Big 12

2010
UCLA
Pac-10
6–5 (8 inn)
15–9
Arizona
Pac-10
Georgia
SEC
Tennessee
SEC
Florida
SEC
Hawaii
WAC
Missouri
Big 12
Washington
Pac-10

2011
Arizona State
Pac-10
14–4
7–2
Florida
SEC
Alabama
SEC
Baylor
Big 12
California
Pac-10
Missouri
Big 12
Oklahoma
Big 12
Oklahoma State
Big 12

2012
Alabama
SEC
1–4
8–6
5–4
Oklahoma
Big 12
California
Pac-12
Arizona State
Pac-12
Oregon
Pac-12
LSU
SEC
South Florida
Big East
Tennessee
SEC

2013
Oklahoma
Big 12
5–3 (12 inn)
4–0
Tennessee
SEC
Washington
Pac-12
Texas
Big 12
Michigan
Big Ten
Florida
SEC
Arizona State
Pac-12
Nebraska
Big Ten

2014
Florida
SEC
5–0
6–3
Alabama
SEC
Oregon
Pac-12
Baylor
Big 12
Oklahoma
Big 12
Kentucky
SEC
LA-Lafayette
Sun Belt
Florida State
ACC

2015
3–2
0–1
4–1
Michigan
Big Ten
Auburn
SEC
LSU
SEC
UCLA
Pac-12
Alabama
SEC
Oregon
Pac-12
Tennessee
SEC

2016
Oklahoma
Big 12
3–2
7–11 (8 inn)
2–1
Auburn
SEC
Florida State
ACC
LSU
SEC
Michigan
Big Ten
Georgia
SEC
Alabama
SEC
UCLA
Pac-12

2017
7-5 (17 inn)
5-4
Florida
SEC
Oregon
Pac-12
Washington
Pac-12
LSU
SEC
UCLA
Pac-12
Baylor
Big 12
Texas A&M
SEC

text: * Nebraska's runner-up finish in 1985 was vacated by the NCAA.

text: ** The 1995 title by UCLA and any related records have been vacated by the NCAA due to scholarship violations. Criticism also centered on UCLA player Tanya Harding who was recruited from Queensland, Australia midway through the 1995 season. After UCLA captured the NCAA National Championship, Harding, the MVP of the tournament, returned to her homeland without taking final exams or earning a single college credit. Despite not violating any formal rules in recruiting Harding, the incident generated heated criticism that some foreign athletes were little more than hired guns.[4][5]

text: *** Beginning in 2005, a best-of-three series determines the national championship.

text: AIAW[edit]

text: From 1969–1972, the DGWS (forerunner organization of the AIAW) recognized the WCWS, organized by the Amateur Softball Association, as the collegiate championship tournament. The AIAW assumed responsibilities from DGWS in 1973.

text:
Year
Champion[3]
Title Series Game Score(s)
Runner-up

1969
John F. Kennedy College
2–0
Illinois State

1970
0–2
7–6
Southwest Missouri State

1971
6–0
4–0
Iowa State

1972
Arizona State
0–1
8–5 (11 inn)
University of Tokyo–Nihon

1973
0–4
4–3 (16 inn)
Illinois State

1974
Southwest Missouri State
14–7
Northern Colorado

1975
Nebraska Omaha
1–11
6–4
Northern Iowa

1976
Michigan State
3–0
Northern Colorado

1977
Northern Iowa
0–1 (9 inn)
7–0
Arizona

1978
UCLA
3–0
Northern Colorado

1979
Texas Woman's
1–0
1–0
UCLA

1980[a]
Utah State
1–0
2–1
Indiana

1981[b]
1–6
4–3
Cal State Fullerton

1982
Texas A&M
4–1
5–3 (8 inn)
Oklahoma State

text:
Jump up ^ Officially named the "AIAW Division I National Softball Championship."[3]:54
Jump up ^ Officially named the "AIAW College Softball World Series."[3]:58

text: NCAA team titles by school[edit]

text:
School
Number
Year Won

UCLA
11
1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2010

Arizona
8
1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2007

Oklahoma
4
2000, 2013, 2016, 2017

Arizona State
2
2008, 2011

Texas A&M
2
1983, 1987

Florida
2
2014, 2015

Alabama
1
2012

Cal State Fullerton
1
1986

Fresno State
1
1998

Michigan
1
2005

Washington
1
2009

California
1
2002

*UCLA also won the 1995 title, but it has since been vacated by the NCAA; see above.

text: AIAW team titles by school[edit]

text:
School
Championships[3]
Years

John F. Kennedy College (Nebraska)
3
1969, 1970, 1971 (all DGWS)

Arizona State
2
1972 (DGWS), 1973

Utah State
2
1980, 1981

Florida State
2
1981, 1982 (both Slow Pitch)

(Southwest) Missouri State
1
1974

Nebraska Omaha
1
1975

Michigan State
1
1976

Northern Iowa
1
1977

UCLA
1
1978

Texas Woman's
1
1979

Texas A&M
1
1982

text: Championships & appearances by school[edit]

text:
Color coded by current conference; table is sortable
Bold indicates team championship

text:
School
Championships[3]
(through 2017)
Title Games
(through 2017)
WCWS Appearances
(through 2017)
WCWS Appearances
(through 2017)

UCLA‡
12
21
29
1978, 1979, 1981, 1982,[a] 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2015, 2016

Arizona
8
14
26
1974, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

Arizona State
4
4
18
1971, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982,[a] 1987, 1999, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013

California
1
3
15
1980, 1981, 1982,[b] 1986, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2011, 2012

Oklahoma
4
5
15
1975, 1980, 1981, 1982,[b] 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017

Fresno State
1
5
12
1982,[a] 1984, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999

Michigan
1
2
13
1982,[b] 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2016

Texas A&M
3
6
11
1979, 1980, 1981, 1982,[b] 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 2007, 2008

Washington
1
3
11
1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013

Northern Colorado
0
3
11
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979

Oklahoma State
0
1
11
1977, 1980, 1981, 1982,[b] 1982,[a] 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1998, 2011

South Carolina
0
0
11
1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1989, 1997

Alabama
1
2
11
2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016

(Southwest) Missouri State
1
2
10
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982[b]

Nebraska–Omaha
1
1
10
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979

Nebraska‡
0
0
9
1970, 1971, 1982,[a] 1984, 1987, 1988, 1998, 2002, 2013

Cal State–Fullerton
1
3
8
1980, 1981, 1982,[a] 1983, 1985, 1986 1987, 1995

Illinois State
0
2
8
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1981

Western Illinois
0
0
8
1970, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982[b]

Florida State
0
0
9
1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2016

Florida
2
5
8
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017

Tennessee
0
2
7
2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015

Missouri
0
0
7
1981, 1983, 1991, 1994, 2009, 2010, 2011

Cal Poly Pomona
0
0
7
1978, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989

Kansas
0
0
7
1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1992

Michigan State
1
1
6
1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1981

Louisiana–Lafayette
0
0
6
1993, 1995, 1996, 2003, 2008, 2014

Oregon
0
0
6
1976, 1980, 1989, 2012, 2014, 2015

Massachusetts
0
0
6
1974, 1978, 1980, 1992, 1997, 1998

Long Beach State
0
0
5
1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

Northwestern
0
1
5
1984, 1985, 1986, 2006, 2007

Texas
0
0
5
1998, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2013

Utah
0
0
5
1976, 1982,[b] 1985, 1991, 1994

Creighton
0
0
5
1969, 1980, 1981, 1982,[a] 1986

Wayne State (Nebraska)
0
0
5
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974

Utah State
2
2
4
1978, 1980, 1981, 1984

Northern Iowa
1
2
4
1973, 1975, 1976, 1977

Indiana
0
1
4
1979, 1980, 1983, 1986

DePaul
0
0
4
1999, 2000, 2005, 2007

Iowa
0
0
4
1995, 1996, 1997, 2001

LSU
0
0
5
2001, 2004, 2012, 2015, 2016

Oregon State
0
0
4
1977, 1978, 1979, 2006

Southern Illinois (Carbondale)
0
0
4
1970, 1971, 1977, 1978

South Dakota State
0
0
4
1971, 1972, 1973, 1974

Luther College (Iowa)
0
0
4
1970, 1971, 1972, 1974

John F. Kennedy College (Nebraska)
3
3
3
1969, 1970, 1971

Texas Woman's University
1
1
3
1975, 1978, 1979

Baylor
0
0
3
2007, 2011, 2014

Louisiana Tech
0
0
3
1983, 1985, 1986

Adelphi (New York)
0
0
3
1984, 1985, 1988

UNLV
0
0
3
1990, 1991, 1995

Western Michigan
0
0
3
1980, 1981, 1982[a]

Kearney State College (Nebraska)
0
0
3
1969, 1970, 1971

Minot State (ND)
0
0
3
1970, 1971, 1972

Emporia State (Kansas)
0
0
3
1971, 1972, 1979

Weber State (Utah)
0
0
3
1973, 1974, 1975

North Dakota State
0
0
3
1973, 1974, 1975

Iowa State
0
1
2
1971, 1973

Cal State–Northridge
0
1
2
1993, 1994

Georgia
0
0
3
2009, 2010, 2016

Princeton
0
0
2
1995, 1996

Southern Mississippi
0
0
2
1999, 2000

Stanford
0
0
2
2001, 2004

Central Michigan
0
0
2
1982,[b] 1987

Minnesota–Duluth
0
0
2
1970, 1971

Midland Lutheran (Nebraska)
0
0
2
1970, 1971

New Mexico
0
0
2
1980, 1981

Rutgers
0
0
2
1979, 1981

Concordia (Nebraska)
0
0
2
1970, 1971

Upper Iowa
0
0
2
1970, 1971

Eastern Illinois
0
0
2
1971, 1974

Central Missouri State
0
0
2
1971, 1972

Ball State (Indiana)
0
0
2
1973, 1975

Indiana State
0
0
2
1974, 1976

East Stroudsburg State (PA)
0
0
2
1975, 1976

Northern State (SD)
0
0
2
1975, 1976

Texas–Arlington
0
0
2
1976, 1977

Cal State–Sacramento
0
0
2
1976, 1977

Minnesota
0
0
2
1976, 1978

Auburn
0
0
2
2015, 2016

Connecticut
0
0
1
1993

Hawaii
0
0
1
2010

Illinois–Chicago
0
0
1
1994

Kent State (Ohio)
0
0
1
1990

Kentucky
0
0
1
2014

Northern Illinois
0
0
1
1988

Pacific (CA)
0
0
1
1983

South Florida
0
0
1
2012

Toledo
0
0
1
1989

Virginia Tech
0
0
1
2008

St. Petersburg Junior College (FL)
0
0
1
1969

Black Hills State College (SD)
0
0
1
1969

Midwestern College (Iowa)
0
0
1
1970

Parsons College (Iowa)
0
0
1
1971

Wartburg College (Iowa)
0
0
1
1971

Wisconsin State University–Eau Claire
0
0
1
1971

South Dakota
0
0
1
1971

Southwest Baptist College (MO)
0
0
1
1971

Buena Vista College (Iowa)
0
0
1
1971

Simpson College (Iowa)
0
0
1
1971

University of Tokyo–Nihon
0
1
1
1972

Keene State College (NH)
0
0
1
1972

Purdue University
0
0
1
1972

West Georgia College
0
0
1
1974

Golden West College (CA)
0
0
1
1974

Winona State College (MN)
0
0
1
1974

Nassau Community College (NY)
0
0
1
1974

Oregon College of Education
0
0
1
1975

Northwest Missouri State
0
0
1
1975

Ohio University
0
0
1
1975

Mankato State (MN)
0
0
1
1975

Tarkio College (MO)
0
0
1
1976

Northwestern Oklahoma State
0
0
1
1976

Mayville State College (ND)
0
0
1
1976

West Chester State College (PA)
0
0
1
1977

Springfield College (Mass.)
0
0
1
1977

Portland State (Oregon)
0
0
1
1978

Stephen F. Austin (Texas)
0
0
1
1978

Chapman College (California)
0
0
1
1979

New Mexico State
0
0
1
1981

Ohio State
0
0
1
1982[b]

Rhode Island
0
0
1
1982[b]

U.S. International University (CA)
0
0
1
1982[b]

text: ‡ UCLA's 1995 NCAA championship and Nebraska's 1985 runner-up finish were vacated by the NCAA and are not counted

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h NCAA WCWS participant in 1982, when both the AIAW and NCAA conducted championships with the same name
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l AIAW WCWS participant in 1982, when both the AIAW and NCAA conducted championships with the same name

text: Championships & appearances by conference[edit]

text: This listing excludes results of the pre-NCAA Women's College World Series of 1969 through 1982 (both Division I tournaments in 1982—AIAW and NCAA—were called "Women's College World Series").

text:
Conference
Championships
(Through 2017)
Title Game/Series Appearances
(Through 2017)
WCWS Appearances
(Through 2017)

Pac-12[c 1]
23
36
82

SEC
3
10
40

Big 12
4
5
30

Big Ten
1
3
23

Big West[c 2]
1
4
19

Big Eight[c 3] [c 4]

12

WAC[c 5]
1
2
11

Atlantic 10

6

Southwest[c 6] [c 4]
2
4
5

ACC

9

Conference USA[c 7]

5

Sun Belt

6

CCAA

4

MAC

4

Metro[c 7][c 4]

4

Southland

3

Big East[c 8]

3

Ivy

2

Missouri Valley[c 9]

2

Independent

1

Summit League[c 10]

1

NorPac[c 11] [c 4]

1
3

North Star[c 12] [c 4]

1

WCAA[c 13] [c 4]
3
3
6

text:
Jump up ^ UCLA's 1995 WCWS participation & title were vacated by the NCAA, and are not included in these figures; see above. The Pac-12, which adopted its current name on July 1, 2011, retains all historical records from its years as the Pac-10. The conference had adopted the "Pac-10" name in 1978, but did not begin sponsoring women's sports until the 1986–87 school year.
Jump up ^ The Big West Conference was known as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association until July 1988. Totals include all appearances by conference members under both names, but includes only appearances after the conference began sponsoring women's sports in 1984–85.
Jump up ^ Nebraska's 1985 WCWS participation & title game appearance were vacated by the NCAA, and are not included in these totals. The Big Eight merged with four teams from the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 in 1996.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Conference is now defunct.
Jump up ^ The Western Athletic Conference (WAC) did not sponsor women's sports until the 1990–91 academic year, after absorbing the High Country Athletic Conference (HCAC), a parallel women's-only conference. The WAC maintains all historic records from the HCAC; totals include Utah State's 1984 and Utah's 1985 appearances while in the HCAC.
Jump up ^ Texas A&M won two titles, made four title game appearances and five WCWS appearances while they were still members of the Southwest Conference. This conference is now defunct. Texas A&M was a charter member of the Big 12 in 1996, but left for the Southeastern Conference in July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Following the breakup of the Metro in 1991 by Florida State, South Carolina, Cincinnati, and Memphis, the Metro and its breakaway Great Midwest Conference reunified in 1995 as Conference USA.
Jump up ^ Although the charter of the original Big East Conference was inherited by the American Athletic Conference following the 2013 Big East split, the current Big East Conference maintains all athletic records of the original conference in all sports that it sponsors.
Jump up ^ Records include those of the former Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference when it was originally a women's-only conference parallel to the MVC. In 1985, after the MVC stopped sponsoring football, the Gateway took on football as its only men's sport. In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC, which maintains all historic records of Gateway women's sports. The football side of the conference maintained the Gateway charter, first as the Gateway Football Conference and now the Missouri Valley Football Conference.
Jump up ^ The Mid-Continent Conference adopted its current name of The Summit League in June 2007.
Jump up ^ The NorPac, in full the Northern Pacific Conference, was a women's-only conference that operated from 1982 to 1986. The conference disbanded when the then-Pac-10, home to five of the final seven NorPac members, began sponsoring women's sports in 1986–87. The remaining two schools, which were members of the PCAA for men's sports, moved their women's sports to that conference.
Jump up ^ The North Star Conference was a women's-only conference that merged into the Mid-Continent Conference, now The Summit League, in 1992. The Summit maintains all historic records of North Star sports.
Jump up ^ The WCAA, in full the Western Collegiate Athletic Association, was a women's-only conference that operated from 1981 to 1986. Its final five members were all members of the conference known at the time as the Pac-10, and moved their women's sports to that league.


document_title: United States Department of State

question_text: what major department official is appointed by the president to deal with foreign countries

root

text: United States Department of State

text: History[edit]

text: The U.S. Constitution, drafted in Philadelphia in September 1787 and ratified by the 13 states the following year, gave the President the responsibility for the conduct of the nation's foreign relations.

tag: p

text: The House of Representatives and Senate approved legislation to establish a Department of Foreign Affairs on July 21, 1789, and President Washington signed it into law on July 27, making the Department of Foreign Affairs the first federal agency to be created under the new Constitution.[6] This legislation remains the basic law of the Department of State. In September 1789, additional legislation changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned to it a variety of domestic duties.

text: These responsibilities grew to include management of the United States Mint, keeper of the Great Seal of the United States, and the taking of the census. President George Washington signed the new legislation on September 15.[7] Most of these domestic duties of the Department of State were eventually turned over to various new Federal departments and agencies that were established during the 19th century. However, the Secretary of State still retains a few domestic responsibilities, such as being the keeper of the Great Seal and being the officer to whom a President or Vice President of the United States wishing to resign must deliver an instrument in writing declaring the decision to resign.

text: On September 29, 1789, President Washington appointed Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, then Minister to France, to be the first United States Secretary of State.[8] John Jay had been serving in as Secretary of Foreign Affairs as a holdover from the Confederation since before Washington had taken office and would continue in that capacity until Jefferson returned from Europe many months later.

text: From 1790 to 1800, the State Department had its headquarters in Philadelphia, the capital of the United States at the time. It occupied a building at Church and Fifth Streets (although, for a short period during which a yellow fever epidemic ravaged the city, it resided in the New Jersey State House in Trenton, New Jersey).[9] In 1800, it moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., where it first occupied the Treasury Building[9] and then the Seven Buildings at 19th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.[10] It moved into the Six Buildings in September 1800, where it remained until May 1801.[11] It moved into the War Office Building due west of the White House in May 1801.[12] It occupied the Treasury Building from September 1819 to November 1866,[13] except for the period from September 1814 to April 1816 (during which it occupied a structure at G and 18th streets NW while the Treasury Building was repaired).[12] It then occupied the Washington City Orphan Home from November 1866 to July 1875.[14] It moved to the State, War, and Navy Building in 1875.[15] Since May 1947, it has occupied the Harry S. Truman Building in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington; the State Department is therefore sometimes metonymically referred to as "Foggy Bottom."[16][17][18]

text: Madeleine Albright became the first woman to become the United States Secretary of State and the first foreign-born woman to serve in the Cabinet when she was appointed Secretary of State in 1997. Condoleezza Rice became the second female secretary of state in 2005. Hillary Clinton became the third female secretary of state when she was appointed in 2009.

text: In 2014, the State Department began expanding into the Navy Hill Complex across 23rd Street NW from the Truman Building.[19] A joint venture consisting of the architectural firms of Goody, Clancy and the Louis Berger Group won a $2.5 million contract in January 2014 to begin planning the renovation of the buildings on the 11.8 acres (48,000 m2) Navy Hill campus, which housed the World War II headquarters of the Office of Strategic Services and was the first headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency.[20]

text: Duties and responsibilities[edit]

text: The Executive Branch and the U.S. Congress have constitutional responsibilities for U.S. foreign policy. Within the Executive Branch, the Department of State is the lead U.S. foreign affairs agency, and its head, the Secretary of State, is the President's principal foreign policy advisor. The Department advances U.S. objectives and interests in the world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. It also provides an array of important services to U.S. citizens and to foreigners seeking to visiernational crime, foreign military training programs, the services the Department provides, and more—are paid for by the foreign affairs budget, which represents little more than 1% of the total federal budget. As stated by the Department of State, its purpose includes:

text:
Protecting and assisting U.S. citizens living or traveling abroad;
Assisting U.S. businesses in the international marketplace;
Coordinating and providing support for international activities of other U.S. agencies (local, state, or federal government), official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts.
Keeping the public informed about U.S. foreign policy and relations with other countries and providing feedback from the public to administration officials.
Providing automobile registration for non-diplomatic staff vehicles and the vehicles of diplomats of foreign countries having diplomatic immunity in the United States.[21]

tag: ul

text: The Department of State conducts these activities with a civilian workforce, and normally uses the Foreign Service personnel system for positions that require service abroad. Employees may be assigned to diplomatic missions abroad to represent The United States, analyze and report on political, economic, and social trends; adjudicate visas; and respond to the needs of U.S. citizens abroad. The U.S. maintains diplomatic relations with about 180 countries and maintains relations with many international organizations, adding up to a total of more than 250 posts around the world. In the United States, about 5,000 professional, technical, and administrative employees work compiling and analyzing reports from overseas, providing logistical support to posts, communicating with the American public, formulating and overseeing the budget, issuing passports and travel warnings, and more. In carrying out these responsibilities, the Department of State works in close coordination with other federal agencies, including the Department of Defense, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of Commerce. As required by the principle of checks and balances, the Department also consults with Congress about foreign policy initiatives and policies.

text: Organization[edit]

text: Mission statement[edit]

text: The Department's mission is: "to shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere."[22]

text: Core activities[edit]

text: The DOS promotes and protects the interests of American citizens by (1) 'Promoting peace and stability in regions of vital interest'; (2) 'Creating jobs at home by opening markets abroad'; (3) 'Helping developing nations establish investment and export opportunities'; and (4) 'Bringing nations together and forging partnerships to address global problems, such as terrorism, the spread of communicable diseases, cross-border pollution, humanitarian crises, nuclear smuggling, and narcotics trafficking.'[22]

text: BioPrepWatch reported that, on May 30, 2013, the State Department submitted the Country Reports on Terrorism 2012 to Congress. Most terrorist attacks have been decentralized and target the Middle East countries. There have been no other reports that have previously talked about this topic, but the biggest shifts in terrorism in 2012 included an increase in state-sponsored terrorism in Iran. The State Department states the best way to counter international terrorist attacks is to work with international partners to cut funding, strengthen law-enforcing institutions and eliminate terrorist safe havens.[23]

text: Secretary of State[edit]

text: The Secretary of State is the chief executive officer of the Department of State and a member of the Cabinet that answers directly to, and advises, the President of the United States. The secretary organizes and supervises the entire department and its staff.

text: Staff[edit]

text:
United States Deputy Secretary of State: The Deputy Secretary (with the Chief of Staff, Executive Secretariat, and the Under Secretary for Management) assists the Secretary in the overall management of the department. Reporting to the Deputy Secretary are the six Under Secretaries and the counselor, along with several staff offices:

Chief of Staff

Organizational chart of the U.S. Department of State

Executive Secretariat
Office of Global Intergovernmental Affairs
National Foreign Affairs Training Center (which houses the Foreign Service Institute)
Office of the Legal Adviser
Office of the Inspector General
Office of Management Policy
Office of Protocol
Office of the Science and Technology Adviser
Office of the Senior Advisor for Civil Society and Emerging Democracies
Office of Global Women's Issues
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau of Legislative Affairs
Bureau of Budget and Planning
Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs: The fourth-ranking State Department official. Becomes Acting Secretary in the absence of the Secretary of State and the two Deputy Secretaries of State. This position is responsible for bureaus, headed by Assistant Secretaries, coordinating American diplomacy around the world:

Bureau of African Affairs
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
Bureau of International Organization Affairs
Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs

Under Secretary of State for Management:[24] The principal adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary on matters relating to the allocation and use of Department's budget, physical property, and personnel. This position is responsible for bureaus, headed by Assistant Secretaries, planning the day-to-day administration of the Department and proposing institutional reform and modernization:

Bureau of Administration

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is greeted by Department employees during her arrival on her first day.

Bureau of Consular Affairs

Office of Children's Issues

Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS)

U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS)
Office of Foreign Missions

Bureau of Human Resources
Bureau of Information Resource Management
Bureau of Medical Services [25] [26]
Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations
Director of Diplomatic Reception Rooms
Foreign Service Institute
Office of Management Policy, Rightsizing, and Innovation
Office of White House Liaison

Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment: The senior economic advisor for the Secretary and Deputy Secretary on international economic policy. This position is responsible for bureaus, headed by Assistant Secretaries, dealing with trade, agriculture, aviation, and bilateral trade relations with America's economic partners:

Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs
Bureau of Energy Resources
Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
Office of the Science and Technology Adviser[27]
Office of the Chief Economist

Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs: This Under Secretary leads functions that were formerly assigned to the United States Information Agency but were integrated into the State Department by the 1999 reorganization. This position manages units that handle the department's public communications and seek to burnish the image of the United States around the world:

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

Internet Access and Training Program

Bureau of Public Affairs

Spokesperson for the United States Department of State
Office of the Historian
United States Diplomacy Center

Bureau of International Information Programs
Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs

Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs: This Under Secretary coordinates the Department's role in U.S. military assistance. Since the 1996 reorganization, this Under Secretary also oversees the functions of the formerly independent Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance

Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights: This Under Secretary leads the Department's efforts to prevent and counter threats to civilian security and advises the Secretary of State on matters related to governance, democracy, and human rights.

Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations

Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization

Bureau of Counterterrorism
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
Office of Global Criminal Justice
Office of Global Youth Issues
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
Global Engagement Center[28]

Counselor: Ranking with the Under Secretaries, the Counselor is the Secretary's and Deputy Secretary's special advisNERDOffice of the Global AIDS Coordinator]]: President's main task force to combat global AIDS. The Global AIDS Coordinator reports directly to the Secretary of State.

text: Other agencies[edit]

text: Since the 1996 reorganization, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), while leading an independent agency, has also reported to the Secretary of State, as does the United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

text: Diplomats in Residence[edit]

text: Diplomats in Residence are career Foreign Service Officers and Specialists located throughout the U.S. who provide guidance and advice on careers, internships, and fellowships to students and professionals in the communities they serve. Diplomats in Residence represent 16 population-based regions that encompass the United States.[29]

text: The Fulbright Program[edit]

text: The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is a program of competitive, merit-based grants for international educational exchange for students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists and artists, founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946. Under the Fulbright Program, competitively selected U.S. citizens may become eligible for scholarships to study, conduct research, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills.

text: The Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching. In the 2015–16 cycle, 17% and 24% of American applicants were successful in securing research and English Teaching Assistance grants, respectively. However, selectivity and application numbers vary substantially by country and by type of grant. For example, grants were awarded to 30% of Americans applying to teach English in Laos and 50% of applicants to do research in Laos. In contrast, 6% of applicants applying to teach English in Belgium were successful compared to 16% of applicants to do research in Belgium.[30][31]

text: The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs sponsors the Fulbright Program from an annual appropriation from the U.S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S.[32] The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations like the Institute of International Education. It operates in over 160 countries around the world.[33] In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began. Fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes;[34] eighty-two have won Pulitzer Prizes.[35]

text: Jefferson Science Fellows Program[edit]

text: The Jefferson Science Fellows Program was established in 2003 by the DoS to establish a new model for engaging the American academic science, technology, engineering and medical communities in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.[36][37]

text: Franklin Fellows Program[edit]

text: The Franklin Fellows Program was established in 2006 by the DoS to bring in mid-level executives from the private sector and non-profit organizations to advise the Department and to work on projects.[38] Fellows may also work with other government entities, including the Congress, White House, and executive branch agencies, including the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce, and Department of Homeland Security. The program is named in honor of Benjamin Franklin, and aims to bring mid-career professionals to enrich and expand the Department's capabilities.

text: Department of State Air Wing[edit]

text: In 1978, the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) formed an office to use excess military and government aircraft for support of foreign nations' counter-narcotics operations. The first aircraft used was a crop duster used for eradication of illicit crops in Mexico in cooperation with the local authorities. The separate Air Wing was established in 1986 as use of aviation assets grew in the war on drugs.[39]

text: The aircraft fleet grew from crop spraying aircraft to larger transports and helicopters used to support ground troops and transport personnel. As these operations became more involved in direct combat, a further need for search and rescue and armed escort helicopters was evident. Operations in the 1980s and 1990s were primarily carried out in Colombia, Guatemala, Peru, Bolivia and Belize. Many aircraft have since been passed on to the governments involved, as they became capable of taking over the operations themselves.[citation needed]

text: Following the events of the September 11 attacks, and the subsequent war on terror, the Air Wing went on to expand their operations from mainly anti-narcotics operations to also support security of United States nationals and interests, primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Safe transport for various diplomatic missions were undertaken, requiring the acquisition of larger aircraft types, such as Sikorsky S-61, Boeing Vertol CH-46, Beechcraft King Air and De Haviland DHC-8-300. Armed escorts were also increased using various helicopters fitted as gunships.[citation needed] In 2011, the Air Wing was operating more than 230 aircraft around the world, the main missions still being counter narcotics and transportation of state officials.[39]

text: Expenditures[edit]

text: In FY 2010 the Department of State, together with 'Other International Programs' (for example, USAID), had a combined projected discretionary budget of $51.7 billion.[40] The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2010, entitled 'A New Era of Responsibility', specifically 'Imposes Transparency on the Budget' for the Department of State.[40]

text: The end-of-year FY 2010 DoS Agency Financial Report, approved by Secretary Clinton on 15 November 2010, showed actual total costs for the year of $27.4 billion.[41] Revenues of $6.0 billion, $2.8 billion of which were earned through the provision of consular and management services, reduced total net cost to $21.4 billion.[41]

text: Total program costs for 'Achieving Peace and Security' were $7.0 billion; 'Governing Justly and Democratically', $0.9 billion; 'Investing in People', $4.6 billion; 'Promoting Economic Growth and Prosperity', $1.5 billion; 'Providing Humanitarian Assistance', $1.8 billion; 'Promoting International Understanding', $2.7 billion; 'Stengthening Consular and Management Capabilities', $4.0 billion; 'Executive Direction and Other Costs Not Assigned', $4.2 billion.[41]

text: Audit of expenditures[edit]

text: The Department of State's independent auditors are Kearney & Company.[42] Since in FY 2009 Kearney & Company qualified its audit opinion, noting material financial reporting weaknesses, the DoS restated its 2009 financial statements in 2010.[42] In its FY 2010 audit report, Kearney & Company provided an unqualified audit opinion while noting significant deficiencies, of controls in relation to financial reporting and budgetary accounting, and of compliance with a number of laws and provisions relating to financial management and accounting requirements.[42] In response the DoS Chief Financial Officer observed that "The Department operates in over 270 locations in 172 countries, while conducting business in 150 currencies and an even larger number of languages ... Despite these complexities, the Department pursues a commitment to financial integrity, transparency, and accountability that is the equal of any large multi-national corporation."[43]

text: Central Foreign Policy File[edit]

text: Since 1973 the primary record keeping system of the Department of State is the Central Foreign Policy File. It consists of copies of official telegrams, airgrams, reports, memorandums, correspondence, diplomatic notes, and other documents related to foreign relations.[44] Over 1,000,000 records spanning the time period from 1973 to 1979 can be accessed online from the National Archives and Records Administration.[45]

text: Freedom of Information Act processing performance[edit]

text: In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act (United States) (FOIA) requests published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the State Department was the lowest performer, earning an F by scoring only 37 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. failed the grade, unchanged from 2013. The State Department's score was dismal due to its extremely low processing score of 23 percent, which was completely out of line with any other agency's performance.[46]

text: Other[edit]

text: In 2009, the Department of State was the fourth most desired employer for undergraduates according to BusinessWeek.[47]

text: The Department's blog, started in 2007, is known as Dipnote, and a Twitter account is maintained with the same name. The internal wiki is Diplopedia. The internal suggestion blog within State is called the Sounding Board[48] and their internal professional networking software, "Corridor", is a success.[49][50] Finally, State has embraced e-government, establishing in May 2009 the Virtual Student Federal Service (VSFS).[51]

text: In 2009, the State Department launched 21st century statecraft. The U.S. Department of State's official explanation of 21st Century Statecraft is: "complementing traditional foreign policy tools with newly innovated and adapted instruments of statecraft that fully leverage the technologies of our interconnected world."[52]


document_title: Where the Wild Things Are

question_text: who banned the book where the wild things are

text: Where the Wild Things Are

text: Plot[edit]

text: This story of only 338 words focuses on a young boy named Max who, after dressing in his wolf costume, wreaks such havoc through his household that he is sent to bed without his supper. Max's bedroom undergoes a mysterious transformation into a jungle environment, and he winds up sailing to an island inhabited by malicious beasts known as the "Wild Things." After successfully intimidating the creatures, Max is hailed as the king of the Wild Things and enjoys a playful romp with his subjects. However, he starts to feel lonely and decides to return home, to the Wild Things' dismay. Upon returning to his bedroom, Max discovers a hot supper waiting for him.

text: Development[edit]

text: Sendak began his career as an illustrator, but by the mid-1950s he had decided to start both writing and illustrating his own books.[5] In 1956, he published his first book for which he was the sole author, Kenny's Window (1956). Soon after, he began work on another solo effort. The story was supposed to be that of a child who, after a tantrum, is punished in his room and decides to escape to the place that gives the book its title, the "land of wild horses".[5] Shortly before starting the illustrations, Sendak realized he did not know how to draw horses and, at the suggestion of his editor, changed the wild horses to the more ambiguous "Wild Things", a term inspired by the Yiddish expression "vilde chaya" ("wild animals"), used to indicate boisterous children.[6]

text: He replaced the horses with caricatures of his aunts and uncles, caricatures that he had originally drawn in his youth as an escape from their chaotic weekly visits, on Sunday afternoons, to his family's Brooklyn home. Sendak, as a child, had observed his relatives as being "all crazy – crazy faces and wild eyes", with blood-stained eyes and "big and yellow" teeth, who pinched his cheeks until they were red.[5][7][8] These relatives, like Sendak's parents, were poor Jewish immigrants from Poland, whose remaining family in Europe were killed during the Holocaust while Sendak was in his early teens. As a child, however, he saw them only as "grotesques".[8]

text: When working on the 1983 opera adaptation of the book with Oliver Knussen, Sendak gave the monsters the names of his relatives: Tzippy, Moishe, Aaron, Emile, and Bernard.[9]

text: Literary significance[edit]

text: According to Sendak, at first, the book was banned in libraries and received negative reviews. It took about two years for librarians and teachers to realize that children were flocking to the book, checking it out over and over again, and for critics to relax their views.[10] Since then, it has received high critical acclaim. Francis Spufford suggests that the book is "one of the very few picture books to make an entirely deliberate and beautiful use of the psychoanalytic story of anger".[11] Mary Pols of Time magazine wrote that "[w]hat makes Sendak's book so compelling is its grounding effect: Max has a tantrum and in a flight of fancy visits his wild side, but he is pulled back by a belief in parental love to a supper 'still hot,' balancing the seesaw of fear and comfort."[12] New York Times film critic Manohla Dargis noted that "there are different ways to read the wild things, through a Freudian or colonialist prism, and probably as many ways to ruin this delicate story of a solitary child liberated by his imagination."[13] In Selma G. Lanes's book The Art of Maurice Sendak, Sendak discusses Where the Wild Things Are along with his other books In the Night Kitchen and Outside Over There as a sort of trilogy centered on children's growth, survival, change, and fury.[14][15] He indicated that the three books are "all variations on the same theme: how children master various feelings – danger, boredom, fear, frustration, jealousy – and manage to come to grips with the realities of their lives."[14]

text: Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[16] Five years later School Library Journal sponsored a survey of readers which identified Where the Wild Things Are as top picture book.[4] Elizabeth Bird, the NYPL librarian who conducted the survey, observed that there was little doubt it would be voted number one and highlighted its designation by one reader as a watershed, "ushering in the modern age of picture books". Another called it "perfectly crafted, perfectly illustrated ... simply the epitome of a picture book" and noted that Sendak "rises above the rest in part because he is subversive". President Barack Obama has read it aloud for children attending the White House Easter Egg Roll in multiple years.[17]

text: Despite the book's popularity, Sendak refused to produce a sequel; four months before his death in 2012, he told comedian Stephen Colbert that one would be "the most boring idea imaginable".[18]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: An animated short based on the book, which had taken five years to complete, was released in 1973,[2] directed by Gene Deitch and produced at Krátký Film, Prague, for Weston Woods Studios. Two versions were released: the original 1973 version, with narration by Allen Swift and a musique concrète score composed by Deitch himself; and an updated version in 1988 with new music and narration by Peter Schickele.[19]

text: In the 1980s, Sendak worked with British composer Oliver Knussen on a children's opera based on the book.[9] The opera received its first (incomplete) performance in Brussels in 1980; the first complete performance of the final version was given by the Glyndebourne Touring Opera in London in 1984. This was followed by its first U.S. performance in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1985 and the New York City premiere by New York City Opera in 1987. A concert performance was given at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall in London in 2002.[citation needed] A concert production was produced by New York City Opera in spring 2011.[20]

text: In 1983, the Walt Disney Studio conducted a series of tests of computer-generated imagery created by Glen Keane and John Lasseter using as their subject Where the Wild Things Are.[21]

text: In 1999, Isadar released a solo piano musical composition titled "Where the Wild Things Are" which appeared on his album Active Imagination, inspired by the Sendak book. The composition was revisited and re-recorded in 2012 on Isadar's album, Reconstructed, with Grammy winner and founder of Windham Hill Records, William Ackerman, producing.[22]

text: The live-action film version of the book is directed by Spike Jonze. It was released on October 16, 2009.[23] The film stars Max Records as Max and features Catherine Keener as his mother, with Lauren Ambrose, Chris Cooper, Paul Dano, James Gandolfini, Catherine O'Hara and Forest Whitaker providing the voices of the principal Wild Things. The soundtrack was written and produced by Karen O and Carter Burwell. The screenplay was adapted by Jonze and Dave Eggers. Sendak was one of the producers for the film. The screenplay was novelized by Eggers as The Wild Things, published in 2009.

text: In 2012, indie rock quartet alt-J released the song "Breezeblocks", inspired in part by the book.[24] Alt-J keyboardist Gus Unger-Hamilton said the story and the song share similar ideas about parting with a loved one. "Breezeblocks" reached certified ARIA Gold status in Australia.[25]

text: In 2016, Alessia Cara released her second single, "Wild Things", which charted at number fifty on the Billboard Hot 100. In an interview with ABC News Radio, Cara stated she took inspiration from Where the Wild Things Are, saying "each 'Thing' represents an emotion and [the main character] kinda escapes into this world ... and that's kinda what I wanted to do".[26]


document_title: Maroon 5

question_text: when is the new maroon 5 album released

question_tokens: when is the new maroon 5 album released

text: Maroon 5

text: History[edit]

text: 1994–2001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5[edit]

text: Adam Levine was introduced to Ryan Dusick by a mutual friend and guitarist, Adam Salzman. Levine was 15 years old and Dusick was 16.[18] Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12. The four original members of the band met while attending Brentwood EMH School in Los Angeles.[19][20] While attending Brentwood EMH School, Adam Levine and Jesse Carmichael joined up with Mickey Madden and Ryan Dusick to form Kara's Flowers,[21] a rock band. The name was taken from a girl that went to their high school that the band had a "collective crush" on.[20] In 1997, when the band was playing at a beach party in Malibu, independent producer Tommy Allen heard them play and offered to manage them and record a complete record with his partner, songwriter John DeNicola, who is known for his work on Dirty Dancing – including "(I've Had) The Time of My Life". Producer Rob Cavallo's management team heard the record Allen and DeNicola produced, which eventually led Cavallo to offer them a deal with Reprise Records, re-recording the album.[22] However, after the release of The Fourth World, during Levine and Madden's senior year of high school in 1997, it had morphed into a band with a style reminiscent of 1960s Britpop.[20] Despite high expectations from the band and record company, the album failed to catch on and their lead single, "Soap Disco", was a failure.[23] According to Levine, the failure of the album was "a huge disappointment" that nearly led them to break up in 1998.[20][24] The album sold around 5,000 copies and the band was dropped after six months.[25]

text: Dusick and Madden attended college locally at UCLA, while Levine and Carmichael relocated to the East coast to attend Five Towns College, in Dix Hills, Long Island, New York.[26] While Levine and Carmichael were in New York, they began to take notice of the urban music surrounding them and later let the style influence the songs they wrote.[27]

text: The band returned to the music industry again in 2001.[24] Producer Tim Sommer signed them to a demo deal with MCA Records and produced three tracks with them in Los Angeles in the middle of 2001 with Mark Dearnley engineering. Against Sommer's advice, MCA declined to pick up the band, and these tracks were never released. The band put together a demo that was rejected by several labels, before falling into the hands of Octone Records executives James Diener, Ben Berkman and David Boxenbaum.[24] While looking for talent for the Octone label, Berkman was given a bunch of demos by the brother of a former colleague at Columbia Records and the song that caught his attention was "'Sunday Morning'" which he referred it as a "genius song".[25] Berkman was surprised the song was credited to Kara's Flowers, because the band sounded completely different from the one he had heard while at Warner Brothers.[28]

text: Berkman encouraged Diener and Boxenbaum to fly out to Los Angeles to watch a showcase gig at The Viper Room for the four-piece Kara's Flowers.[25] After watching Levine onstage, they were convinced. Berkman told HitQuarters he believed what the band needed was a "fifth member to play the guitar and free up the singer, so he could be the star I perceived him to be."[25] Octone immediately insisted that the band change its name to break with its pop past.[25] Also, the label began looking for a full-time guitarist to enable Levine to focus on performing as the frontman. James Valentine (from the L.A. band Square) was recruited for the job.[24] On his joining the band, Valentine commented: "I became friends with them and we sort of started jamming together, it was very much like I was cheating on my band, we were having sort of an affair and I eventually quit my other band to join up with them."[24]

text: 2002–2006: Songs About Jane and Dusick's departure[edit]

text:
"Between the time that we started making the album [Songs About Jane] in 2001 and the time the album reached the crest of its success in 2004, we went from being starving musicians wondering what the future held to riding a wave of success beyond our wildest expectations."

 —Ryan Dusick, Maroon 5's original drummer, who officially left the band in 2006 due to injuries to his shoulders and wrists sustained from constant touring[29][30]

tag: div

text: James Valentine attended Berklee College of Music with John Mayer in 1996, where they developed a rapport. In 2002, the two reconnected at a Mayer radio appearance. After Mayer heard their album, he was so impressed (particularly by "This Love", which became the most successful release off the album and propelled the band to superstardom) that he invited them to open for him during his early 2003 tour.[20] The first single, "Harder to Breathe", slowly started to pick up airplay which helped spur sales of the album. By March 2004, Songs About Jane had reached the Top 20 of the Billboard 200 and "Harder to Breathe" had made the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles charts. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 in September 2004,[31] 26 months after its release; this was the longest period between an album's release and its initial Top 10 appearance since SoundScan results were included in the Billboard 200 in 1991.[32] The album went on to sell over 10 million copies worldwide. This had all happened after the band "abandoned its post-grunge roots for a radio-friendly pop-soul sound, even while dabbling in hard rock." [33] Mayer invited the band to open for him again in 2004.[34] Over the next three years, the band toured virtually non-stop, including visits to seventeen countries. During this time, the band toured with Michelle Branch, Graham Colton, and the Rolling Stones.[35][36] Other acts the band toured alongside with included Gavin DeGraw,[37] Matchbox Twenty, Sugar Ray,[38] Counting Crows,[39] Phantom Planet,[40] the Hives,[41] Dashboard Confessional,[42] Simon Dawes,[43] the Thrills, Thirsty Merc, Marc Broussard, the Donnas, the RedWest, Michael Tolcher, and Guster.[44]

text: Sam Farrar says the Aaliyah song "Are You That Somebody?" affected the band and influenced the song "Not Coming Home."[20]

text: Songs About Jane eventually reached No. 1 on the Australian albums (ARIA),[45] while "Harder to Breathe" made the Top 20 singles charts in the US[46] and UK,[45] and Top 40 in Australia and New Zealand.[45] The album also eventually climbed to No. 1 in the UK.[45] The second single, "This Love", reached No. 5 in the US,[46] No. 3 in the UK, and No. 8 in Australia.[45] The third single, "She Will Be Loved," reached the Top 5 in both the US[46] and the UK, and went to No. 1 in Australia.[45] The fourth single, "Sunday Morning," reached the Top 40 in the US,[46] UK, and Australia.[45] Maroon 5 also played Live 8, in Philadelphia in 2005. Their set included a cover of Neil Young's "Rockin' In The Free World" and frontman Levine performed with one of his heroes, and the closing act, Stevie Wonder.[47] On May 13, 2005, in Santa Barbara, California, the band wrapped up the Honda Civic Tour, which it headlined.[48] On June 9, 2005, the band performed at the American Film Institute's tribute to filmmaker George Lucas. Lucas himself had selected Maroon 5 for the event, as it was his children's favorite band at the time.[49] Over the years of touring with the band their drummer, percussionist and backing vocalist Ryan Dusick had been suffering from the touring life.[50] The strains of non-stop touring aggravated an old sports injury.[19] After several absences from the tour with Ryland Steen and Josh Day taking his place, Dusick officially left Maroon 5 in September 2006.[30] Matt Flynn, the former drummer of Gavin DeGraw and the B-52's, joined the band as Dusick's replacement.[51]

text: 2006–2008: It Won't Be Soon Before Long[edit]

text: After recording for 8 months in 2006, Maroon 5's second album, It Won't Be Soon Before Long, was released worldwide in May 2007 by A&M Octone Records.[52] According to Levine, the follow-up to Songs About Jane is "sexier and stronger",[53] gaining inspiration from iconic 80s artists such as Prince, Shabba Ranks, Michael Jackson and Talking Heads.[54] Ann Powers writing for Los Angeles Times said It Won't Be Soon Long is "An icy-hot blend of electro-funk and blue-eyed soul that works its cruel streak with the confidence of Daniel Craig's James Bond".[55] Before its release, "Makes Me Wonder" was the No. 1 selling single and video on iTunes.[53] It was also the No. 1 selling album, with more than 50,000 digital pre-sales.[53] After its release, the album broke iTunes sales records its week of release, selling over 101,000 albums.[56] The first single, "Makes Me Wonder," was released to radio March 27, 2007. The song debuted at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100, the lowest debuting single of the group's five chart entries. In the first week of May, the single skyrocketed from a lowly position of No. 64 to No. 1, the biggest jump in Billboard history at the time.[57] "Makes Me Wonder" has also achieved No. 1 on Billboard's Hot Digital Songs, Pop 100, and Hot Dance Club Play charts.[58]

text: To support the album, the band performed on a "six-date club tour" in which it visited small venues in Boston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Miami and New York City in early June 2007.[59] The band followed with a concert that streamed live via MSN Music in mid-June.[60] On July 10, it opened for The Police in Miami,[61] and followed with an acoustic performance at the Miami club, Studio A, the next day.[62] Their It Won't Be Soon Before Long world tour took place in 2007, where the band toured 28 cities in North America. The tour began September 29 in Detroit touring in 28 cities in North America and concluded November 10 in Las Vegas.[63] the Hives, as the tour's special guest, performed on all of the dates while Sara Bareilles, Kevin Michael and Phantom Planet each performed in a portion of the tour.[64] It toured with Dashboard Confessional in their world tour and on March 28, 2008, it began touring with OneRepublic, Brandi Carlile and Ry Cuming.[65] The band has also performed "Makes Me Wonder" on season 6 and "If I Never See Your Face Again" on season 7 of American Idol. The re-release of the album featured a new duet version of "If I Never See Your Face Again" with Rihanna; the new version of the song also appeared on the re-release of Rihanna's album Good Girl Gone Bad. The band also released as the fifth single "Goodnight Goodnight", which appeared in The CW Fall 2008 promo commercial.

text: 2008–2011: Hands All Over[edit]

text: Levine stated that he believed the band was reaching its peak and may make one more album before disbanding.[66] He explained, "Eventually I want to focus on being a completely different person because I don’t know if I want to do this into my 40s and 50s and beyond, like the Rolling Stones".[67]

text: The band's third studio album was recorded in 2009 in Switzerland, where the band was joined by record producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange.[68] The album, titled Hands All Over, was released on September 21, 2010. On the Billboard 200, the album debuted at number two behind Zac Brown Band's album You Get What You Give.[69] Despite the high placement on the Billboard 200 only 142,000 copies were sold, which was relatively weak compared to their previous album It Won't Be Soon Before Long, which debuted at number one with 429,000 copies.[70] The album received mixed reviews from music critics, though many of them praised it for its production. The first single from the album, "Misery", was released on June 22, 2010. The band toured with Train for the summer of 2011, from July 22 to September 24.[71]

text: On June 12, 2011, the band re-released the album Hands All Over just to include their summer hit "Moves like Jagger", featuring Christina Aguilera.[72][73] The song premiered live on The Voice on June 21, 2011 and reached the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in September 2011. Frontman Levine was also featured in the Gym Class Heroes' song "Stereo Hearts", which peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. On September 8, 2011, Jesse Carmichael stated the band was likely to begin recording its next album within the year.[74] On October 1, 2011, the band performed live at the Rock in Rio concert in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[75] Maroon 5 was a last hour addition, chosen to fill the vacant spot left by Jay-Z after he cancelled his appearance for personal reasons.[76] The band launched a Snapple flavor named "Tea Will Be Loved" in support of Feeding America in September 2011.[77]

text: Maroon 5 performed "Moves Like Jagger" and "Stereo Hearts" with Travie McCoy on November 5, 2011 on Saturday Night Live. The band also performed "Moves Like Jagger" and "Stereo Hearts" with Christina Aguilera and Gym Class Heroes on November 20, 2011 on the American Music Awards, where it won its first AMA for Favorite Pop Band/Duo/Group. The band also performed "Moves Like Jagger" at the 2011 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.[78] During a promotion by Coca-Cola in the March 2011, the band participated in a special studio session during which, with the help of musician PJ Morton, they only had 24 hours to write a completely original song. After their time was up, the song "Is Anybody Out There" was released on the Coca-Cola website for free download. In 2012, the band recorded a song for The Hunger Games soundtrack, called "Come Away to the Water" featuring Rozzi Crane. At the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, on February 12, 2012, the group performed alongside Foster the People and the Beach Boys in a medley of the Beach Boys songs to celebrate their fiftieth anniversary.[79]

text: 2012–2014: Carmichael's hiatus and Overexposed[edit]

text: On March 9, 2012, Maroon 5 announced that Jesse Carmichael would take a break from performing with the group for an undetermined amount of time to focus more on his studies of "music and the healing arts". The band continued to work on their fourth studio album Overexposed, which was eventually released on June 26, 2012, with the help of keyboardist and background vocalist PJ Morton, who had been touring with them since 2010 and who became a full-time band member after this announcement, as Morton gained little success as an R&B artist.[80] Levine stated that Overexposed is their "most diverse and poppiest album yet".[81] On April 16, 2012, the band premiered the first single from the album "Payphone", featuring Wiz Khalifa, on the reality competition television show The Voice, in which Levine is one of the coaches. The song debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, eventually peaking at number two. The second single, "One More Night", was released on June 19, 2012. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, blocking Psy's monster hit "Gangnam Style" from the top spot on the chart for nine consecutive weeks and tied with Carly Rae Jepsen's hit single "Call Me Maybe" for most number of weeks in the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 2012.[82] The song also featured in television series, Arrow and Dancing with the Stars.

text: At the start of their Overexposed World Tour in South America, Maroon 5 introduced the newest addition in the band to the audience: their old and close friend Sam Farrar on guitars, occasionally on the bass guitar, percussion, additional keyboards, backing vocals, turntables and providing samples and other special effects (using the MPC).[83] Farrar co-wrote and co-produced a few of the band's songs on almost all of their studio albums and also remixed their song "Woman" (from the band's Songs About Jane: 10th Anniversary Edition (2012)) on Call and Response: The Remix Album, released in 2008.[84]

text: On November 27, 2012, the band released "Daylight", the third single from the album. To promote the song, the band launched a video project called "The Daylight Project". The project encouraged fans to film their own segments for inclusion in the official music video for "Daylight", that would be directed by Jonas Åkerlund. "Daylight" was performed for the first time as a single on November 8, 2012, during an episode of the American version of The Voice and the official video was released on December 10, 2012.[85][86] A little over 4 months later in the first week of April 2013, "Daylight" reached No. 1 on the Mainstream top 40, setting a record for the most No. 1's held by a group in over 20 years. [87]

text: On April 1, 2013, the band announced it would headline the 12th Annual Honda Civic Tour with special guest, Kelly Clarkson. The tour began on August 1, 2013, at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in St. Louis, Missouri and ended on October 6, 2013, with a concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles.[88] On May 14, 2013, Maroon 5 released the fourth and final single from the album, "Love Somebody". The band first performed the song on The Voice on May 20, 2013, while the official music video, directed by Rich Lee, was released the day after.[89][90]

text: In February 2014, the band performed "All My Loving" and "Ticket to Ride" at a tribute concert titled The Night That Changed America: A Grammy Salute to The Beatles, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of The Beatles' arrival in the United States.[91]

text: 2014–2016: Return of Carmichael and V[edit]

text: In April 2013, James Valentine said the band was in the studio recording songs for the upcoming fifth studio album: "The stuff we're working on now, it definitely has gone maybe a little darker in its sound, maybe back a little bit more to what we kind of did on Songs About Jane, but at this point we do have all kinds of different songs and it is early".[92]

text: On April 15, 2014, Jesse Carmichael confirmed that his hiatus from the band was complete and he reunited with the band in time to record.[93] On April 29, 2014, the band performed on The Today Show at the Rockefeller Plaza in New York City on September 1, 2014, as part of the Toyota concert series.[94]

text: On May 18, 2014, it was announced that the band would release their fifth album, V, on September 2, 2014, through Interscope Records. The first single, "Maps", was released on June 16, 2014.[95] The single peaked number 6 on the Hot 100 chart.[96] After releasing the album V on September 2, 2014 it reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart on September 20, 2014. The album was also released on a limited-edition ZinePak.[97][98] V received mixed reviews from critics. Brad Wete, writing for Billboard, said: "Levine's hummingbird vocals and passionate delivery are as earnest as they were on their 2002 debut Songs About Jane."[99]

text: On August 10, 2014, the band headlined the Hyundai Card City Break, a rock festival in South Korea. Maroon 5 also performed during the 2014 iTunes Festival at the Roundhouse in London, England, on September 11, 2014 (all of the concerts played as part of the festival were filmed and webcast live, around the world).[100] The second single from V, "Animals", was first featured in a Kia Soul commercial and made available for free download on the official Kia website for a limited time after the advert premiered on August 21, 2014.[101] The song has so far peaked on number 3 on the Hot 100 chart.[96]

text: Maroon 5 performed at the Grammy Awards' Christmas special, entitled "A Very Grammy Christmas," on November 18, 2014 and at Z100's Jingle Ball on December 12, 2014.[102][103]

text: "Sugar" was released as the third single from the album on January 14, 2015. This reached number 7 in the UK Singles Chart and peaked at Number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. A video of the group was released of them traveling around L.A. and performing at random weddings.[104] The song is also featured in a Nissan commercial.[105]

text: Maroon 5 started a worldwide tour in February 2015. It is scheduled to take place in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania and last until September 2015. Magic!, Rozzi Crane, Nick Gardner and Dirty Loops will serve as opening acts.

text: The band released their first greatest hits album, Singles, on September 25, 2015, through Interscope and 222 Records.[106][107][108] It contains 12 singles taken from their previous studio albums.[109]

text: On November 6, 2015, the band announced that they would embark on their 2016 North American tour in September and October with supporting acts Tove Lo, R. City, and Phases.[110] June 25, 2016, the 15th anniversary of Songs About Jane's release, had the celebration of #Maroon5Day, in a partnership with UNICEF to support children in need of health care.[111][112]

text: 2017: Upcoming sixth studio album[edit]

text: In November 2015, guitarist James Valentine spoke about the band's strategy moving onto their sixth studio album, saying the group wanted "to make a more traditional record next ... like the way we made Songs About Jane, just sitting in a room with our instruments and slugging it out. It’s been fun to experiment on the last couple of records with the more electronic sounds, but maybe we’ve gone as far as we can with that for now."[113] The band released a single featuring Kendrick Lamar, entitled "Don't Wanna Know", to Top 40 radio on October 18, 2016.[114]

text: On January 13, 2017, it was revealed by singer Adam Levine that the band is currently working on their sixth studio album.[115] According to Levine, the album will be released "soonish", and will be R&B-influenced.[116] Another single, "Cold", featuring American rapper Future, was released to Top 40 radio on February 14, 2017.[117] On August 13, 2017, Levine announced at the 2017 Teen Choice Awards, that the album will be released in November 2017.[118]

text: The band's next single, "What Lovers Do" featuring SZA, was released on August 30, 2017.[119]

text: Musical style and influences[edit]

text:
"I think the classic Maroon 5 song is minor, and it has some funk, Nile Rodgers-style guitar and the lyrics are probably about getting your heart broken. So minor, funk and heartbreak -- that’s the Maroon 5 formula."

—James Valentine[120]

text: Adam Levine has stated: "[E]verything that's written and performed and put together pretty much comes from us. I just think people would be surprised to know that we’re a self-contained unit. We’re a band that does their own thing. There’s no puppet master."[121] However, in an article about the songwriter and producer Benny Blanco, it is revealed that at least some of the band's songs, such as "Moves like Jagger," are the product of efforts by, or collaborations with, professional songwriters and producers.[122] In the same article, Levine says, "It's almost as if [Benny Blanco] has the Midas touch in putting the right people together at the right time to create a musical moment. He's about the collaboration. And he's so good at nailing down who does everything best."[123]

text: The band has cited Elita 5, Michael Jackson, The Police, the Bee Gees, Justin Timberlake, Stevie Wonder, Tonic, Prince, Tupac Shakur and Marvin Gaye as influences.[124][125] Adam Levine has also cited Billy Joel as an influence.[47] Furthermore, guitarist James Valentine said he was influenced by guitarists like Pat Metheny, Bill Frisell and John Scofield, as well as the rock band Queens of the Stone Age.[126] The band's songs tend to be very guitar-heavy, often accompanied by piano or synthesizer. The theme in most of their songs is love, frequently lost love; songs like "This Love", "Makes Me Wonder" and "Misery" have a very cynical tone, often expressing dissatisfaction with a relationship, while their more heartfelt and emotional songs such as "She Will Be Loved" and "Never Gonna Leave This Bed" express a longing for a romantic relationship. "Makes Me Wonder" has a secondary theme, in which Levine expresses his disillusionment and frustration with the state of American politics and the Iraq War.[127]

text: The band's style changes from album to album. Songs About Jane consists of songs about Levine's ex-girlfriend Jane Herman. On It Won't Be Soon Before Long, however, the songs are less personal and are more electric with more use of synthesizers, creating a retro feel. Hands All Over continues the band's lost love theme, along with songs about infatuation and was re-released in 2011, with the hit single "Moves like Jagger", an electropop song which represents a drastic change in the band's sound, with more of a dance feel to it. "It was one of those songs that was definitely a risk," Levine said. "It's a bold statement. We've never really released a song like that. But it's exciting to do something different, do something new. I'm just glad that everyone likes it."[128] James Valentine called Overexposed "our most 'pop' record ever and we weren’t shy about really going for it."[129] They also have experimented with new wave[130][131][132] and disco[133][134] sounds on several albums.

text: Band members[edit]

text: Current members

text:
Adam Levine – lead vocals, guitar (1994–present), lead guitar (1994–1998)
Jesse Carmichael – keyboards, piano, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1994–2012, 2014–present)
Mickey Madden – bass (1994–present)
James Valentine – lead and rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2001–present)
Matt Flynn – drums, percussion (2006–present; touring member: 2004–2006)
PJ Morton – keyboards, piano, backing vocals (2012–present; touring member: 2010–2012)

text: Former members

text: Ryan Dusick – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1994–2006)

text: Touring members

text: Sam Farrar – guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, percussion, bass, turntables, MPC, backing vocals (2012–present)

text: Discography[edit]

text: Studio albums

text:
Songs About Jane (2002)
It Won't Be Soon Before Long (2007)
Hands All Over (2010)
Overexposed (2012)
V (2014)
Maroon 5's sixth studio album (2017)

text: as Kara's Flowers

text:
We Like Digging? (1994)
The Fourth World (1997)
Stagg Street Recordings (1998)

text: Achievements[edit]

text: Maroon 5 have been the recipients of three Grammy Awards,[135] three American Music Awards,[136][137][138] four Billboard Music Awards, and five Teen Choice Awards.[139] In 2004 World Music Awards, it won the award for "World's Best New Group".[140] In 2012, Maroon 5 won the People's Choice award for Favorite Band.[141]

text: Hands All Over, the band's third studio album, which was released in September 2010, peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2011, the album was re-released and supported by the single "Moves like Jagger", a song featuring American singer Christina Aguilera. The song became the band's second single to reach number one on the Hot 100 chart; it has sold over 14.4 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling singles worldwide.[142] The band released their fourth studio album, Overexposed, in June 2012. The album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart. The first two singles from the album "Payphone" and "One More Night", were both international hits and peaked at two and one on the Hot 100 chart respectively.[143] "One More Night", managed to beat Psy's "Gangnam Style" by reaching number one on Billboard Hot 100 and stayed tied with Carly Rae Jepsen's hit single "Call Me Maybe" for most weeks at #1 in 2012.[82] Adam Levine also gained popularity as one of the judges on NBC's talent competition The Voice.[144]

text: Maroon 5 ranked 15 on Recording Industry Association of America's (RIAA) "Top Artists – Digital Singles" list, with certified sales of 15 million in the United States.[145] In 2013, Maroon 5 became the third most-played artist on Top 40 Mainstream radio, based on Clear Channel owned Mediabase, becoming one of the most successful acts of Interscope Records.[146] On September 10, 2014, their fifth studio album, V, debuted at top of the weekly Billboard 200 chart with 164,000 copies sold within the first week.[144]

text: In 2013, Maroon 5 ranked as the 94th best artist of all time based on Top 100 Artists of All Time at Billboard Hot 100 55th Anniversary.[147]

text: In November 2015, the band was ranked 44th on Billboard Hot 100 57th Anniversary Greatest of All Time—Hot 100.[148]

text: Tours[edit]

text:
Songs About Jane Tour (2002–2004)
5th Annual Honda Civic Tour (2005)
It Won't Be Soon Before Long Tour (2007–2008)
Back to School Tour (2009)
Palm Trees and Power Lines Tour (2010)
Hands All Over Tour (2010–2012)
Overexposed Tour (2012–2014)
12th Annual Honda Civic Tour[149] (2013)
Maroon V Tour (2015–2017)

text: Charities[edit]

text:
Since 2008, Maroon 5 has partnered with environmental non-profit REVERB to green their tours and engage fans to take action for the environment.
Maroon 5 has been a longtime supporter of Aid Still Required (ASR). After contributing the live version of "She Will Be Loved" to ASR's All Star CD in support of the survivors of the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami,[150][151] Maroon 5 went on to record a public service announcement for ASR about work that still needed to be done in Haiti. Maroon 5 has participated in various ASR social media campaigns[152] and Levine has donated a meet and greet on the set of The Voice to raise funds for various ASR programs.[153]
Maroon 5 supports the Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation.
In 2006, Maroon 5 has been awarded Environmental Media Awards, due to donating their 2005 North American tour income to a global environment organization, called "Global Cool".[154]
In 2011, Maroon 5 (along with PJ Morton, who was the band's touring member at the time) took part in a project named "24 Hour Session" with Coca-Cola. The band wrote and recorded the song "Is Anybody Out There?" in 24 hours. After the project ended, the track was made available on the Coca-Cola website. It was also announced that if the song would be downloaded more than 100,000 times, the band will donate to Africa for clean water.[155]
Later that year, the group stopped by Johns Hopkins Children's Hospital for a surprise visit as a part of Get Well Soon Tour.[156]
Adam Levine, whose brother is openly gay, is an outspoken supporter of same sex marriage and LGBT rights.[157] In 2011, he made a video on Maroon 5's official YouTube account in support of the It Gets Better Project.[158] In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the "unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8".[157]
Supports UNICEF.[111]


document_title: Air gap (plumbing)

question_text: what is an air gap for a faucet

question_tokens: what is an air gap for a faucet

text: Air gap (plumbing)

text: An air gap, as it relates to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture.[1]

text: A simple example is the space between a wall mounted faucet and the sink rim (this space is the air gap).  Water can easily flow from the faucet into the sink, but there is no way that water can flow from the sink into the faucet without modifying the system. This arrangement will prevent any contaminants in the sink from flowing into the potable water system by siphonage and is the least expensive form of backflow prevention.

text: A common use of the term "air gap" in home plumbing refers to a fixture that provides back-flow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This "air gap" is seen above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted parallel with the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit. When installed and maintained properly, the air gap works as described above, and prevents drain water from the sink from backing up into the dishwasher, possibly contaminating dishes.[2] Water flowing from the fixture into the sink indicates a need for maintenance or repair.[3]

text: To further illustrate the air gap, consider what could happen if the air gap were eliminated by attaching a hose to the faucet and lowering the hose into a sink full of contaminated water.  Under the right conditions (if the water supply loses pressure and the sink is higher than the point at which the water supply enters the house, for instance), the dirty water in the sink will be siphoned into the water pipes through the hose and faucet. The dirty water then will be dispersed throughout the drinking water system.

text: Standards and codes[edit]

text: All plumbing codes require backflow prevention in several ways. The fixtures are manufactured to meet these codes. Plumbers must not build cross-connections in their daily work practices, and plumbing inspectors look for improper designs or connections of piping and plumbing fixtures. A common misconception[citation needed] is that a "high loop" (routing a drain line above a sink's flood level, for instance) will provide the same function as an air gap; this is not true, because the continuous connection in such a case still will allow backflow through siphoning.

text: According to the International Residential Code 2003, an air gap must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe (2*D) in order to be sufficient.[4]

text: A standard widely use in the United States is:

text: A112.1.2 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems (For Plumbing Fixtures and Water-Connected Receptors)