document_title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H

question_text: who does the winner of group h play

question_tokens: who does the winner of group h play

text: 2018 FIFA World Cup Group H

text: Teams[edit]

text:
Draw position

Team

Pot

Confederation

Method ofqualification

Date ofqualification

Finalsappearance

Lastappearance

Previous bestperformance

FIFA Rankings

October 2017[nb 1]

June 2018

H1
 Poland
1
UEFA
UEFA Group E winners
8 October 2017
8th
2006 (group stage)
Third place (1974, 1982)
6
8

H2
 Senegal
3
CAF
CAF Third Round Group D winners
10 November 2017
2nd
2002 (quarter-finals)
Quarter-finals (2002)
32
27

H3
 Colombia
2
CONMEBOL
CONMEBOL Round Robin fourth place
10 October 2017
6th
2014 (quarter-finals)
Quarter-finals (2014)
13
16

H4
 Japan
4
AFC
AFC Third Round Group B winners
31 August 2017
6th
2014 (group stage)
Round of 16 (2002, 2010)
44
61

text: Jump up ^ The rankings of October 2017 were used for seeding for the final draw.

tag: ol

text: Standings[edit]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Colombia

3

2

0

1

5

2

+3

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Japan

3

1

1

1

4

4

0

4[a]

3

 Senegal

3

1

1

1

4

4

0

4[a]

4

 Poland

3

1

0

2

2

5

−3

3

text: ^ Jump up to: a b Fair play points: Japan −4, Senegal −6.

text: In the round of 16:

text:
The winners of Group H, Colombia, advanced to play the runners-up of Group G, England.
The runners-up of Group H, Japan, advanced to play the winners of Group G, Belgium.

tag: ul

text: Matches[edit]

text: All times listed are local time.[1]

text: Colombia vs Japan[edit]

text: The two teams had met in three previous matches, most recently in a 2014 FIFA World Cup group stage game, won by Colombia 4–1.[5]

text: In the third minute, Carlos Sánchez blocked Shinji Kagawa's 20-yard shot with his arm and the referee pointed to the penalty spot before showing the midfielder a straight red card.[6] After lengthy protests, Sanchez eventually left the field and Kagawa slotted the penalty into the bottom right corner of the net. José Pékerman then replaced Juan Cuadrado with Wílmar Barrios at the half-hour mark, and an equaliser arrived nine minutes later, from a Juan Fernando Quintero free kick, shot low under the jumping wall which the goalkeeper failed to keep out.[7] In the second half, David Ospina dived full length to his left to stop Takashi Inui's curling 20-yard shot. Yuya Osako then headed the ball into the far corner of the net from a Keisuke Honda corner from the left. With 13 minutes left, James Rodríguez's strike from inside the box was turned over the crossbar by the outstretched leg of Osako.[8]

text: Quintero became the first Colombia player in history to score at two World Cups. Japan became the first Asian team to beat a South American team in the competition's history.[9] Honda is the first player from an Asian nation to provide an assist in three different World Cup tournaments since 1966. Eiji Kawashima (35 years, 91 days) became the oldest player to appear for Japan in a World Cup finals match.[7][8]

text:
Colombia

1–2

 Japan

Quintero  39'

Report

Kagawa  6' (pen.)
Osako  73'

text:
Colombia[11]

Japan[11]

text:
GK
1
David Ospina

RB
4
Santiago Arias

CB
23
Dávinson Sánchez

CB
3
Óscar Murillo

LB
17
Johan Mojica

CM
6
Carlos Sánchez
 3'

CM
16
Jefferson Lerma

RW
11
Juan Cuadrado

 31'

AM
20
Juan Fernando Quintero

 59'

LW
21
José Izquierdo

 70'

CF
9
Radamel Falcao (c)

Substitutions:

MF
5
Wílmar Barrios
 64'
 31'

MF
10
James Rodríguez
 86'
 59'

FW
7
Carlos Bacca

 70'

Manager:

 José Pékerman

GK
1
Eiji Kawashima
 90+4'

RB
19
Hiroki Sakai

CB
22
Maya Yoshida

CB
3
Gen Shoji

LB
5
Yuto Nagatomo

CM
17
Makoto Hasebe (c)

CM
7
Gaku Shibasaki

 80'

RW
8
Genki Haraguchi

AM
10
Shinji Kagawa

 70'

LW
14
Takashi Inui

CF
15
Yuya Osako

 85'

Substitutions:

MF
4
Keisuke Honda

 70'

MF
16
Hotaru Yamaguchi

 80'

FW
9
Shinji Okazaki

 85'

Manager:

Akira Nishino

text:
Man of the Match:
Yuya Osako (Japan)[12]
Assistant referees:[11]
Jure Praprotnik (Slovenia)
Robert Vukan (Slovenia)
Fourth official:
Mehdi Abid Charef (Algeria)
Reserve assistant referee:
Anouar Hmila (Tunisia)
Video assistant referee:
Danny Makkelie (Netherlands)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Bastian Dankert (Germany)
Sander van Roekel (Netherlands)
Felix Zwayer (Germany)

text: Poland vs Senegal[edit]

text: The two teams had never met before.[13]

text: Senegal had the first clear chance in the 18th minute, M'Baye Niang dragging an effort wide after a break. Senegal took the lead when Idrissa Gueye's 20-yard shot took a huge deflection off Thiago Cionek to wrong-foot Poland goalkeeper Wojciech Szczęsny and give Senegal the lead. Robert Lewandowski stepped up to float a 25-yard free-kick over the wall, Khadim N'Diaye dived to turn the ball away. Grzegorz Krychowiak hooked a high ball back towards his own goal from inside the Senegal half and with Szczesny attempting to intercept by coming out of his penalty area, Niang knocked the ball past him before side footing into an unguarded goal.[14] Arkadiusz Milik slotted a Łukasz Piszczek cross wide at the near post. Dawid Kownacki's headed attempt was saved late on by N'Diaye but the goalkeeper was beaten by Krychowiak's header with five minutes to go after a free kick from the right.[15][16]

text: Cionek became the first Polish player to score an own goal in a World Cup match. Cionek's own goal was only the second time an African nation has benefited from an own goal in a World Cup match, after Andoni Zubizarreta for Spain against Nigeria in 1998.[17] Senegal continued their impressive undefeated in the opening World Cup match, having beaten France 1–0 in 2002.

text:
Poland

1–2

 Senegal

Krychowiak  86'

Report

Cionek  37' (o.g.)
Niang  60'

text:
Poland[19]

Senegal[19]

text:
GK
1
Wojciech Szczęsny

RB
20
Łukasz Piszczek

 83'

CB
4
Thiago Cionek

CB
2
Michał Pazdan

LB
13
Maciej Rybus

CM
10
Grzegorz Krychowiak
 12'

CM
19
Piotr Zieliński

RW
16
Jakub Błaszczykowski

 46'

AM
7
Arkadiusz Milik

 73'

LW
11
Kamil Grosicki

CF
9
Robert Lewandowski (c)

Substitutions:

DF
5
Jan Bednarek

 46'

FW
23
Dawid Kownacki

 73'

DF
18
Bartosz Bereszyński

 83'

Manager:

Adam Nawałka

GK
16
Khadim N'Diaye

RB
22
Moussa Wagué

CB
3
Kalidou Koulibaly

CB
6
Salif Sané
 49'

LB
12
Youssouf Sabaly

RM
10
Sadio Mané (c)

CM
13
Alfred N'Diaye

 87'

CM
5
Idrissa Gueye
 72'

LM
18
Ismaïla Sarr

CF
9
Mame Biram Diouf

 62'

CF
19
M'Baye Niang

 75'

Substitutions:

MF
11
Cheikh N'Doye

 62'

FW
14
Moussa Konaté

 75'

MF
8
Cheikhou Kouyaté

 87'

Manager:

Aliou Cissé

text:
Man of the Match:
M'Baye Niang (Senegal)[20]
Assistant referees:[19]
Yaser Tulefat (Bahrain)
Taleb Al Maari (Qatar)
Fourth official:
Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Qatar)
Reserve assistant referee:
Mohamed Al Hammadi (United Arab Emirates)
Video assistant referee:
Artur Soares Dias (Portugal)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Tiago Martins (Portugal)
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)
Wilton Sampaio (Brazil)

text: Japan vs Senegal[edit]

text: The two teams had faced each other three times, most recently in a friendly in 2003, won by Senegal 1–0.[5]

text: Senegal took the lead in the 11th minute when Japanese goalkeeper Eiji Kawashima spilled a Youssouf Sabaly shot into the path of Sadio Mané, who hit the ball in from close range. Japan responded in the 34th minute when Yuto Nagatomo received a ball over the top and sent it to Takashi Inui, who curled a shot into the bottom corner past the Senegalese defenders. Yuya Osako missed a close chance in front of the Senegal net and Inui's shot struck the crossbar, before Senegal retook the lead in the 71st minute, when Moussa Wagué finished a low Sabaly cross into the top corner. Japan equalised again just seven minutes later, when Senegal goalkeeper Khadim N'Diaye failed to collect an Osako cross, leading to Inui sending the ball to Japanese substitute Keisuke Honda, who finished at the near post.[21]

text: Wagué became the youngest African goalscorer at a World Cup, at the age of 19 years and 268 days. With his goal, Honda became the first Japanese player to score at three different World Cups, as well as the top scoring Asian player in World Cup history with four goals. Japan equalled their best points tally of four after two group games at a World Cup, just as they did as co-hosts in 2002.[22][23]

text:
Japan

2–2

 Senegal

Inui  34'
Honda  78'

Report

Mané  11'
Wagué  71'

text:
Japan[25]

Senegal[25]

text:
GK
1
Eiji Kawashima

RB
19
Hiroki Sakai

CB
22
Maya Yoshida

CB
3
Gen Shoji

LB
5
Yuto Nagatomo

CM
17
Makoto Hasebe (c)
 90+4'

CM
7
Gaku Shibasaki

RW
8
Genki Haraguchi

 75'

AM
10
Shinji Kagawa

 72'

LW
14
Takashi Inui
 68'
 87'

CF
15
Yuya Osako

Substitutions:

MF
4
Keisuke Honda

 72'

FW
9
Shinji Okazaki

 75'

MF
11
Takashi Usami

 87'

Manager:

Akira Nishino

GK
16
Khadim N'Diaye

RB
12
Youssouf Sabaly
 90'

CB
3
Kalidou Koulibaly

CB
6
Salif Sané

LB
22
Moussa Wagué

CM
17
Badou Ndiaye

 81'

CM
13
Alfred N'Diaye

 65'

CM
5
Idrissa Gueye

RF
18
Ismaïla Sarr

CF
19
M'Baye Niang
 59'
 86'

LF
10
Sadio Mané (c)

Substitutions:

MF
8
Cheikhou Kouyaté

 65'

MF
11
Cheikh N'Doye
 90+1'
 81'

FW
9
Mame Biram Diouf

 86'

Manager:

Aliou Cissé

text:
Man of the Match:
Sadio Mané (Senegal)[26]
Assistant referees:[25]
Elenito Di Liberatore (Italy)
Mauro Tonolini (Italy)
Fourth official:
Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Qatar)
Reserve assistant referee:
Taleb Al Maari (Qatar)
Video assistant referee:
Massimiliano Irrati (Italy)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Tiago Martins (Portugal)
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)
Paolo Valeri (Italy)

text: Poland vs Colombia[edit]

text: The two teams had met in five matches, most recently in a 2006 friendly, won by Colombia 2–1.[5]

text: Abel Aguilar was taken from the field on a stretcher in the 32nd minute and was replaced by Mateus Uribe. Shortly after, a cross by James Rodríguez from the right was met by the head of Yerry Mina, who lost his marker to head over Wojciech Szczęsny's outstretched arms and into the net. Juan Fernando Quintero fired wide from 25 yards at the start of the second half. Cuadrado then squared to Radamel Falcao on the edge of the box who lifted his shot well over the crossbar. In the 58th minute, Robert Lewandowski controlled a long pass only to shoot straight into David Ospina's midriff as Poland attempted their first shot on target of the game. Quintero's slide-rule pass presented Falcao with a one-on-one situation and he guided the ball past Szczęsny with the outside of his right foot to double his side's lead. With 15 minutes left on the clock, James' pass from the left found Cuadrado in space through the middle and he took a touch before finishing it into the bottom-right corner of the net.[27][28]

text: Poland were the first European nation to be eliminated from the 2018 World Cup. Including Colombia's victory against Poland, there were 14 World Cup goals scored on 24 June 2018 - the most on a single day of action in the competition (maximum 3 games) since 10 June 1990 (also 14).[29]

text:
Poland

0–3

 Colombia

Report

Mina  40'
Falcao  70'
Ju. Cuadrado  75'

text:
Poland[31]

Colombia[31]

text:
GK
1
Wojciech Szczęsny

CB
20
Łukasz Piszczek

CB
5
Jan Bednarek
 61'

CB
2
Michał Pazdan

 80'

RM
18
Bartosz Bereszyński

 72'

CM
10
Grzegorz Krychowiak

CM
6
Jacek Góralski
 85'

LM
13
Maciej Rybus

RF
19
Piotr Zieliński

CF
9
Robert Lewandowski (c)

LF
23
Dawid Kownacki

 57'

Substitutions:

MF
11
Kamil Grosicki

 57'

FW
14
Łukasz Teodorczyk

 72'

DF
15
Kamil Glik

 80'

Manager:

Adam Nawałka

GK
1
David Ospina

RB
4
Santiago Arias

CB
23
Dávinson Sánchez

CB
13
Yerry Mina

LB
17
Johan Mojica

CM
8
Abel Aguilar

 32'

CM
5
Wílmar Barrios

RW
11
Juan Cuadrado

AM
20
Juan Fernando Quintero

 73'

LW
10
James Rodríguez

CF
9
Radamel Falcao (c)

 78'

Substitutions:

MF
15
Mateus Uribe

 32'

MF
16
Jefferson Lerma

 73'

FW
7
Carlos Bacca

 78'

Manager:

 José Pékerman

text:
Man of the Match:
James Rodríguez (Colombia)[32]
Assistant referees:[31]
Marvin Torrentera (Mexico)
Miguel Hernández (Mexico)
Fourth official:
Julio Bascuñán (Chile)
Reserve assistant referee:
Christian Schiemann (Chile)
Video assistant referee:
Mauro Vigliano (Argentina)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Gery Vargas (Bolivia)
Roberto Díaz Pérez (Spain)
Daniele Orsato (Italy)

text: Japan vs Poland[edit]

text: The two teams had met twice, most recently in a friendly game in 2002, won by Japan 2–0.[5]

text: Yoshinori Muto's drive forced Łukasz Fabiański to parry, before the goalkeeper smothered a Gōtoku Sakai effort. Eiji Kawashima scooped Kamil Grosicki's header clear. With just over half an hour remaining, Rafał Kurzawa's free-kick from the left picked out Jan Bednarek, who volleyed it into the net from six yards out. Maya Yoshida headed well wide from a left-wing corner. Robert Lewandowski steered Grosicki's pin-point pass over the top.[33][34]

text: Poland has beat Japan for the first time in an official match, having defeated Japan in four unofficial matches. Poland have won each of their 14 games in which they have scored first in World Cup finals. Poland have kept a clean sheet at the World Cup for the first time since winning 1–0 against Portugal in 1986.[35] On another side, since the new millenia, Poland had repeated their poor performances in 2002 and 2006 World Cups, eliminated after losing two opening matches before grabbing a late victory in the final match.

text: There was some criticism of the final minutes in the game, as both sides appeared to settle for the 1–0 scoreline.[36]

text:
Japan

0–1

 Poland

Report

Bednarek  59'

text:
Japan[38]

Poland[38]

text:
GK
1
Eiji Kawashima (c)

RB
19
Hiroki Sakai

CB
22
Maya Yoshida

CB
20
Tomoaki Makino
 66'

LB
5
Yuto Nagatomo

CM
16
Hotaru Yamaguchi

CM
7
Gaku Shibasaki

RW
21
Gōtoku Sakai

AM
9
Shinji Okazaki

 47'

LW
11
Takashi Usami

 65'

CF
13
Yoshinori Muto

 82'

Substitutions:

FW
15
Yuya Osako

 47'

MF
14
Takashi Inui

 65'

MF
17
Makoto Hasebe

 82'

Manager:

Akira Nishino

GK
22
Łukasz Fabiański

CB
18
Bartosz Bereszyński

CB
15
Kamil Glik

CB
5
Jan Bednarek

RM
21
Rafał Kurzawa

 79'

CM
10
Grzegorz Krychowiak

CM
6
Jacek Góralski

LM
3
Artur Jędrzejczyk

RF
19
Piotr Zieliński

 79'

CF
9
Robert Lewandowski (c)

LF
11
Kamil Grosicki

Substitutions:

FW
14
Łukasz Teodorczyk

 79'

MF
17
Sławomir Peszko

 79'

Manager:

Adam Nawałka

text:
Man of the Match:
Jan Bednarek (Poland)[39]
Assistant referees:[38]
Jerson Dos Santos (Angola)
Zakhele Siwela (South Africa)
Fourth official:
Ricardo Montero (Costa Rica)
Reserve assistant referee:
Juan Carlos Mora (Costa Rica)
Video assistant referee:
Daniele Orsato (Italy)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Gery Vargas (Bolivia)
Carlos Astroza (Chile)
Paolo Valeri (Italy)

text: Senegal vs Colombia[edit]

text: The two teams had met only once, a 2014 friendly game which ended in a 2–2 draw.[5]

text: The referee awarded Senegal a penalty in the 17th minute. After consulting VAR, he judged that defender Dávinson Sánchez had won the ball before making any contact with Sadio Mané. After half an hour, James Rodríguez was substituted with what appeared to be a recurrence of the injury that kept him out of Colombia's 2–1 loss to Japan. Mané took a free-kick in the 64th minute which he shot off-target. Kalidou Koulibaly got a touch on a Luis Muriel drive to deflect the ball narrowly wide. And in the 74th minute Colombia scored the decisive goal of the game, Juan Quintero's corner from the right found Yerry Mina who rose and crashed home a header that went through goalkeeper Khadim N'Diaye.[40]

text: With Senegal being the last African team to be knocked out of Russia 2018, there were no teams from Africa in the Round of 16 for the first time since the stage was introduced in 1986.[41] Colombia were the only team to reach the knockout stages of Russia 2018 despite losing their opening match of the tournament. Senegal became the third team to be eliminated from Russia 2018 despite winning their opening game of the tournament (also Iran and Serbia); and even moreover, this was the first time Senegal got eliminated from the group stage, despite owning a huge advantage prior to the match against Colombia. The last time as many as three teams failed to get through the group stages despite winning their opener was in 2002 (Argentina, Costa Rica and Russia).[42]

text:
Senegal

0–1

 Colombia

Report

Mina  74'

text:
Senegal[44]

Colombia[44]

text:
GK
16
Khadim N'Diaye

RB
21
Lamine Gassama

CB
6
Salif Sané

CB
3
Kalidou Koulibaly

LB
12
Youssouf Sabaly

 74'

RM
18
Ismaïla Sarr

CM
8
Cheikhou Kouyaté (c)

CM
5
Idrissa Gueye

LM
10
Sadio Mané

CF
20
Keita Baldé

 80'

CF
19
M'Baye Niang
 51'
 86'

Substitutions:

DF
22
Moussa Wagué

 74'

FW
14
Moussa Konaté

 80'

FW
15
Diafra Sakho

 86'

Manager:

Aliou Cissé

GK
1
David Ospina

RB
4
Santiago Arias

CB
23
Dávinson Sánchez

CB
13
Yerry Mina

LB
17
Johan Mojica
 45'

CM
15
Mateus Uribe

 83'

CM
6
Carlos Sánchez

RW
11
Juan Cuadrado

AM
20
Juan Fernando Quintero

LW
10
James Rodríguez

 31'

CF
9
Radamel Falcao (c)

 89'

Substitutions:

FW
14
Luis Muriel

 31'

MF
16
Jefferson Lerma

 83'

FW
19
Miguel Borja

 89'

Manager:

 José Pékerman

text:
Man of the Match:
Yerry Mina (Colombia)[45]
Assistant referees:[44]
Milovan Ristić (Serbia)
Dalibor Đurđević (Serbia)
Fourth official:
Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia)
Reserve assistant referee:
Hasan Al Mahri (United Arab Emirates)
Video assistant referee:
Danny Makkelie (Netherlands)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Bastian Dankert (Germany)
Elenito Di Liberatore (Italy)
Gianluca Rocchi (Italy)

text: Discipline[edit]

text: Fair play points, which were used as tiebreakers if the overall and head-to-head records of teams were tied, were calculated based on yellow and red cards received in all group matches as follows:[2]

text:
first yellow card: minus 1 point;
indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points;
direct red card: minus 4 points;
yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;

text: Only one of the above deductions should be applied to a player in a single match.

text:
Team

Match 1

Match 2

Match 3

Points

 Poland

1

2

−3

 Japan

1

2

1

−4

 Senegal

2

3

1

−6

 Colombia

2

1

1

−7


document_title: List of My Babysitter's a Vampire characters

question_text: who plays rory in my babysitter's a vampire

question_tokens: who plays rory in my babysitter 's a vampire

root

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Ethan[edit]

text: Ethan Morgan (portrayed by Matthew Knight) is a geeky sci-fi-loving 15-year-old who discovers that his little sister's babysitter Sarah, is a vampire. Awkward, sweet and well-meaning, Ethan just wants to have a normal high school experience. But the constant paranormal chaos of Whitechapel make that nearly impossible. Ethan is a Seer. Seers are able to see visions through touch. His visions help him learn more about supernatural forces. Ethan lacks social skills because of which he usually finds himself lost when it comes to navigating social waters. Ethan is understood most by Benny, whom he has been best friends with since childhood. He loves playing video games and is book-smart. He is more sarcastic than Benny and thinks things through carefully. He cares for his loved ones and will go to any height to protect them. He is in the chess club along with Benny. Although Benny often gets the two of them into sticky situations, Ethan is usually able to find a way out. His biggest fear is being alone. Later on Ethan begins to develop a romantic relationship with best friend and supernatural partner Sarah in the two part Season 2 finale, "The Date to End All Dates." In Season 2 (The Date To End all Dates Part 2) Benny's grandmother try's to help out Ethan get over his fear in seeing dead people, but then that does not work so when he holds Benny's and Sarah's hand he sees them normal again. But then he has to bring back our loyal friend Jesse, so then they have to go to this old building and defeat the bad guy by Jesse joining their side and not the vampire's side. Then Ethan touches the schoolmaster's soldier and goes into his mind and tells him, You're not strong it's the thing" and then they all run out of the building.

tag: p

text: Sarah[edit]

text: Sarah (portrayed by Vanessa Morgan) is Jane's babysitter, and one of Ethan's best friends who he has a crush on. Although most times, she ends up babysitting Ethan and Benny as well. By the time the pilot movie begins, she is already a new vampire, bitten by her ex-boyfriend Jesse. Since she has not drunk human blood, she is only a fledgling, not fully human, not fully vampire. Hoping for a cure to become human again, Sarah tries her best to fit into high school and be a normal teenage girl, though she is unsuccessful. She refrains from human blood and instead, drinks a human blood substitute that Benny's grandmother makes. Sarah usually aids Ethan and Benny in their quests to defeat supernatural forces and has excellent fighting skills which, combined with her superhuman strength and speed, make her a formidable opponent. She struggles to keep her friends protected from evil vampires, particularly Jesse. In the first season finale, she finally turns into a full vampire when Ethan is bitten by Jesse and she drinks his blood to get the venom out. Although upset at first, she is later shown to somewhat accept what she is in the end. Later on Sarah begins to develop a romantic relationship with best friend and supernatural partner Ethan Morgan in the two part Season 2 finale, "The Date to End All Dates."

text: Benny[edit]

text: Benny Weir (portrayed by Atticus Mitchell) is Ethan's loud and goofy best friend. He is similar to Ethan, being geeky. He often gets into trouble with his antics. Benny has been Ethan's best friend since they were 6 years old. He and Ethan understand each other better than anyone else, although Benny is more funny and outspoken than Ethan. Benny can be just as brave and strategically clever as his pal, though he only showcases these abilities in the most dire of situations. Benny's dream is to make it big as a sorcerer and paranormal expert. He is told by his grandma that he is a Spellmaster and can cast magical spells, although his magic usually goes wrong due to his lack of practice. Benny often tries to lighten the mood when things get too intense. He is girl-crazy and frequently drags Ethan into his schemes, getting them both in trouble. Despite that, Benny is a genuine friend to Ethan and is always ready to go on another adventure. In season two, Benny begins to improve on his magic, becoming more helpful than in the first season. Benny secretly has a crush on Erica.

text: Rory[edit]

text: Rory Keaner (portrayed by Cameron Kennedy) is Ethan and Benny's geeky, dimwitted, funny, non-genuse vampire friend. He is turned into a vampire after being bitten by Jesse at a vampire-infested party. No matter how odd Ethan and Benny are, Rory still manages to be the odd man out. He is even more immature than Ethan and Benny and has ideas that often gets him or all three of them into bad situations. Rory is a follower instead of a leader and has a major crush on Erica and is always eager to impress her, a trend which is in line with the traditional biter-bitten relationship. He is easily manipulated and does whatever he is told to do which leads him to become a full vampire (in the movie he says that his first reason for drinking human blood was because "everyone else was doing it"). Ethan and Benny mostly try to keep Rory out of their adventures, knowing that Rory can get himself into danger with his weak intellect. Rory includes himself nevertheless and though he can be foolish, he supports Ethan and Benny to the best of his ability. Embracing his new-found vampirism, he goes through several short-lived personae including 'Vampire Ninja' and 'Rory Vampire'. He's a fond lover of animals both as pets (he kept a cat called Mr Kitty and two alligators which he mistook for iguanas) and as a delicacy. In the movie he promises Ethan he'll not drink human blood again and sticks to this promise throughout the series only hunting animals, something other vampires including Sarah and Erica find disgusting, though he happily drinks bagged human blood again in "Blood Drive" and "Fanged and Furious" where he fights over a phial of it with Erica. In "The Date to end All Dates- Part 2" he shows courage (or complete stupidity) being ready to face a hooded menace until he finds out the intruder is his vice-principal, only at this point does he cow down and runs. He later displays his loyalty with Erica when he says that "if there's a fight coming I want to be here with my friends", he only avoids the battle when placed under Anastasia's powerful glamour. Rory's last name "Keaner" was shown on a computer screen in episode "Siren Song".

text: Erica[edit]

text: Erica (portrayed by Kate Todd) is a vampire and Sarah's best friend. She is a huge fan of the "Dusk" series. (Dusk is a parody of the Twilight series) Erica becomes a vampire after being bitten by Gord (one of Jesse's friends) in the same vampire-infested party where Rory was also bitten. Erica is the kind of girl who gets revenge if someone does her wrong. She used to be a nerd when human but has become beautiful since turning into a vampire, a fact she is very proud of. Erica doesn't share an actual friendship with Ethan and Benny but speaks to them when necessary. She is annoyed mostly by Rory and makes sure not to be seen with him. However, she uses his crush on her as an advantage to get him to do things for her. Although Erica is conceited and shallow, she genuinely cares for Sarah and always comes through for her. In the first season finale, she supports Sarah after Sarah becomes a full vampire and tells her that they will (literally) be friends forever. In the second season, Erica becomes closer to Ethan and Benny as well, and subsequently becomes more active in their heroic activities. Erica seeks out Benny to help Sarah out after she dumped the new vice principal in a trash can, Benny doing a forgetting spell and gathers him and Ethan to testify against the Vampire Council's accusations. In "Say You'll Be Maztak", Erica helps Sarah get their male classmates out of a spell where they were controlled by Lucia, who wanted to be reunited with her Sun King. Erica seemed to be jealous that Ethan and Benny were all over Lucia, not believing that they were blowing her and Sarah off for her. In "Mirror/rorriM", Erica is controlled by a ghost trapped in a dressing room mirror during the school's production of the play, "The Rainbow Factory". Benny, Ethan, and Sarah manage to get the ghost out of Erica, in the middle of the play, the audience assuming they were performing. In "Village of the Darned", Benny makes a potion mixed with his blood for Erica and Sarah (because the towns' older citizens were possessed by an evil girl scout troop leaders cookies), Erica initially takes dislike to drinking blood from children and teenagers, citing it had fats; but Erica confides to Sarah that she liked Benny's blood, that it was "the best she ever tasted", and she might be starting to have feelings for him. In "The Date to End All Dates", while the vampire community is preparing to evacuate Whitechapel (in which Erica reluctantly and unwillingly helps them do), Erica helps Sarah and Ethan prepare for their first date, even choosing their restaurant, which was a vampire restaurant, where the staff assumed Ethan was Sarah's meal.

text: Recurring Characters[edit]

text: Jane Morgan[edit]

text: Jane Morgan (portrayed by Ella Jonas Farlinger) is Ethan's younger, 9-year-old sister. She has her own strange view of the world around her. Jane knows about Ethan's, Benny's, Sarah's, Rory's and Erica's supernatural abilities and keeps the secret, often helping along when they are in dangerous situations. She usually gets her way by blackmailing Ethan, threatening to tell their parents about all of Ethan, Benny, and Sarah's secret adventures. Although she is manipulative, she cares for Ethan and shares a friendly and easy relationship with Benny. Jane seems to have certain limited abilities to cast spells; She once used one of Benny's spells to bring one of her dolls to life and gets her parents and others turned into little dolls after being touched by Jane's doll, prompting Ethan, Benny and Sarah to come to the rescue and turn everyone back to normal again.

text: Samantha Morgan[edit]

text: Samantha Morgan (portrayed by Laura DeCarteret) is the mother of Ethan and Jane Morgan. She is a fun-loving, supportive mom to Ethan and Jane, and will do whatever she can to keep her kids happy. She and her husband go out on date nights every Friday, which is when Sarah is needed to babysit. Although she doesn't quite understand her kids, she loves them all the same.

text: Ross Morgan[edit]

text: Ross Morgan (portrayed by Ari Cohen) is the father of Ethan & Jane Morgan and Samantha Morgan's husband. When Ross isn't taking cookery/dancing/archery lessons with his wife, he sells insurance – which oddly enough is something people in Whitechapel seem to need a lot of. Ross is a proud father to Ethan and Jane, even though he doesn't always understand his son's geeky hobbies. But that doesn't stop him from trying to connect with him.

text: Benny's Grandma[edit]

text: Benny's Grandma Evelyn[1] (portrayed by Joan Gregson) is an Earth Priestess (a witch on the side of good) who knows what to do in every situation that Ethan and Benny get themselves into. She also has everything that often ends up causing the problem. She tends to be sardonic, especially while scolding the boys.

text: Principal Hicks[edit]

text: Principal Hicks (played by Hrant Alianak) is the often dimwitted principal of Whitechapel High School, usually blissfully unaware of what is really going on around him. He often appears concerned about Ethan and Benny because of their weirdness and unusual hobbies.

text: Jesse[edit]

text: Jesse (portrayed by Joe Dinicol) is an evil vampiric cult leader and main antagonist in the movie. In the original settlement of Whitechapel, he was a priest named Reverend Horace Black, and led an evil vampire cult. In recent times, he poses as a high school student. His personality is pure callous, being willing to sacrifice any follower for his own gains. This is shown numerous times such as in the movie when he didn't react to the news that his entire new cult was eliminated by Ethan, Benny and Sarah, and in The Date to end All Dates when he admitted he'd let "most of his old flock" get wiped out by the Lucrifractor two hundred years ago and was extremely willing to let Benny be destroyed when the would-be wizard temporarily turned against them. His plan throughout the movie was to use the cubile animus to exchange the souls of 219 Dusk fans in order to resurrect the 219 ancient souls of the vampires in his cult, known as the "Black Army". He was also the vampire who originally sired Sarah, turning her into a fledgling, and his minions turned Rory and Erica into vampires at his house party. When Ethan and Benny become aware of the existence of vampires, they team up with Sarah to help stop Jesse. Days later Jesse comes close to succeeding in his plan but he and his minions are killed by Ethan and Benny before he can complete it. In the first season finale, he returns from the grave after Ethan and Benny dig up and inadvertently open the cubile animus he was trapped in. He tries to convince Sarah to become a full vampire so they can be together and leave Whitechapel. When Sarah refuses, Jesse bites Ethan's wrist to infect him with vampire venom, compelling Sarah to save him and become a full vampire after all. Jesse leaves, unharmed, and is later banished from Whitechapel by the Vampire Council for being an "undesirable element". Jesse returns in the Season 2 finale to give Ethan a message about someone seeking the powers of the Lucifractor. He says that he cannot deal with it himself due to his banishment. Following Stern succeeding in driving out the vampire council, Ethan invites Jesse back, as he managed to defeat the original wizard Gaelon Sinisteral. Jesse joins them in facing Stern. Jesse is a handsome but sinister vampire whose charming smile hides a deep,dark secret thats centuries old. Not one to leave his fangs a idle for long, Jesse has ambitious plans that he is determined to see succeed. he hopes to one day control not only all of whitechapel, but especially the heart of one beautiful young lady named Sarah.

text: Mr. G[edit]

text: Mr. G (portrayed by Ryan Blakely) is a teacher who often gets wrapped up in the supernatural goings-on that happen at the school, whether he is fully aware or not. He first appears in "Double Negative" to take the yearbook photos but an evil version of Hannah Price is out to use Benny's grandmother's evil camera to make evil doubles of the students. Mr. G is also seen as the school's wrestling team coach in "Friday Night Frights". Mr. G unearths a crystal skull which summons Lucia, a queen looking for her Sun King. Mr. G is later controlled by Lucia, she seeking him to be bearer of a sacred vessel. When the spell is broken over Mr. G (and the other male students), he gives Sarah and Erica detention for smashing the skull he dug up, Mr. G never gave students detention prior to this.

text: Vice Principal Stern[edit]

text: Vice Principal Stern (portrayed by Richard Waugh) The new vice principal in Whitechapel's high school and the main antagonist in season two. He made his first appearance in "Welcome back Dusker" where he was quickly met with Sarah's highly emotional wrath and was plunged headfirst into a trashcan by the newly fully-fledged vampire. His Great grandfather (Gaelon Sinisteral) was a wizard who hated vampires, and attempted to wipe them out but was defeated by Reverend Horace Black (a.k.a. Jesse). Centuries later, Stern planned to do the same. Around the same time as he got the job as vice principal, he conjured the breath of death to begin his vampire genocide, but that plan soon failed. In The Date to End all Dates we also learn from Erica that she despised him since he banned the Dusk Fanclub, no doubt due to its affiliation with vampires. He later attempts to kill Ethan in "Independence Daze" whilst wearing a Grim Reaper-esque disguise and is referred to as "some guy without a face". In the episode Date To End All Dates, his secret is revealed that his new goal was finding the Lucifactor to wipe out all vampires in Whitechapel. He attempts to steal it from Benny and Rory after they find it in the abandoned Darkwood hotel, but was thwarted when he found himself face to face with Jesse's "guard dog". Later he confiscates the Lucifractor from Benny and places Ethan under a spell, making him fear everyone is dead. When Stern attacks the vampire council, he kills several vampires and chases the rest away. He plans to use their beacon (which Jesse states is referred to as "the Caller") to broadcast the Lucifractor's power across town. Benny is put temporarily under his control, but is taken out by his own magic and the vice-principal is soon defeated by Ethan after Sarah and Jesse successfully distract him. Ethan telepathically attacks Stern, and uses the man's own arrogance against him, causing him to absorb energy from the Lucifractor and results in a huge explosion.

text: Minor Characters[edit]

text: Gord[edit]

text: Gord (portrayed Nathan Stephenson) is Jesse's right hand man, and another vampire. He becomes Erica's boyfriend and turns her into a vampire. He is later killed in the climax by holy water rigged sprinklers.

text: Della[edit]

text: Della (portrayed by Rebecca Dalton) is a normal student at Whitechapel High, who gets her heart broken after the death of her dog, Puffles. Benny brings Puffles back to life to woo her but ends up bringing to life every other dead animal buried in the ground. This ends up driving her away from Benny. Della is said to be attending therapy since she can't forget Puffles. Della is seen again in the first season finale at the school dance, later talking with Rory.

text: Stephanie[edit]

text: Stephanie (portrayed by Leah Renee Cudmore (young), Susan Robertson (elder)) is an old witch, disguised as the cheerleader captain, and the antagonist of the episode, Three Cheers for Evil. She went to school with Benny's grandmother but physically looks 17 because she has used her powers to maintain immortality. It's revealed that Stephanie teased Erica when Erica used to be a nerd as a human. Stephanie puts a spell on Erica and Sarah so they obey her. On the night of the school pep rally, Ethan and Benny are able to thwart her plan to steal the souls of the student body and Stephanie's real age is unmasked. An old Stephanie ends up as a lunch lady at Whitechapel High.

text: Annie Vee[edit]

text: Annie "Hot Nurse" Vee (portrayed by Kristin Adams) is the Hot Nurse who appeared in the episode "Blood Drive". Annie was the better-looking and younger nurse at the Blood Drive in Whitechapel. She is a vampire who has worked with the older vampire nurse for years, using blood drives to get their food. She thinks she can do anything and does not like to get involved with the Vampire Council. Benny only went to donate blood because he wanted Annie to do it. Benny then learns she is one of the bloodsuckers and lets Erica and Rory away for a pint of blood from Ethan.

text: Older Nurse[edit]

text: The Older Nurse (portrayed by Amy Ciupak Lalonde) is a character who appeared in the episode Blood Drive. She and Annie are vampire nurses that first appeared in Blood Drive. She makes all the decisions and is the leader of the two. She always thinks that mistakes should be justified and wanted to take Erica and Rory to the Vampire Council for stealing food from their own kind. She took blood out of Benny when he thought that Annie would.

text: Debbie Dazzle[edit]

text: Debbie Dazzle (portrayed by Georgina Reilly) is Jane's favorite doll. She was turned into a human after Jane cast a spell on her to fix her broken leg. She is the antagonist in the episode "Guys and Dolls." Debby loves cupcakes, ice cream, disco-dance parties and make overs. Debbie didn't like being a doll, claiming that it was boring and she wanted to have fun. In order to stay in human form, she sucks life energy out of humans, thus turning them into dolls. Jane manages to reverse the spell to change Debbie back into a doll. But in the end she turn her head at the audience and wink at them. Her counterpart doll is Dazzle Dan. Her look is seemingly based on Katy Perry, though this is never mentioned in the series.

text: Hannah Price[edit]

text: Hannah Price (portrayed by Kiana Madeira) is the photographer, and the leader of the yearbook committee at Whitechapel High in the episode Double Negative. Ethan and Benny mistakenly believe she has a crush on Ethan after misinterpreting her actions. It was found at the end, that she had a boyfriend. She bought a camera from Benny at a yard sale for $10 and wanted to use the camera for yearbook photos, not knowing of its evil powers.

text: Coach Ed[edit]

text: Coach Ed (portrayed by Clé Bennett) is a character in the episode, Friday Night Frights. He is a ghost whose spirit was locked into Whitechapel High's sole sports trophy. His spirit was released when Ethan held the trophy, and haunted him relentlessly. Ethan tried to confide in Sarah and Benny to get rid of him, but in the end he agreed to win a new trophy for his spirit to move on. Though Ethan 'cheated' to win the trophy, the coach's spirit was banished by the ghosts of those he coached.

text: Kurt "The Hurt" Lochner[edit]

text: Kurt Lochner (portrayed by William Greenblatt) is an ace wrestler who appears in Friday Night Frights. In this episode, he is dating Erica, and Sarah is led to suspect that he is a vampire and tries to investigate; only leading Ethan to think that she likes him.

text: Ethan and Kurt meet during a wrestling match, and Ethan wins a trophy by pinching him to the floor and tickling his neck to keep him under. He tries to beat up Ethan, but Sarah knocks him to the ground and confirms that he has been "beaten by a geek and a girl". He is last seen on a date with Erica, who shows him her fangs. It is unknown what happened to him later.

text: David Stachowski[edit]

text: David Stachowski (portrayed by Jake Epstein) is a character from the episode Blue Moon. He is the hairiest jock at Whitechapel High and very popular. He makes Ethan and Benny his best friends but Ethan suspects that David is a werewolf and has a motive behind making them his friends. Benny tries a spell to expose him, but it has no effect whatsoever. However Ethan has a vision that confirms his suspicions of David. He then sees that David scratched him and starts to turn into a werewolf. It is revealed that David knew Ethan is a Seer and was hoping Ethan could help him find the cure to become human again. During a party at Ethan's house, Ethan and Benny find out that David isn't an actual werewolf after Sarah, Benny, Rory, and Erica mistake Ethan as David; he simply turns into a shaggy dog under the full moon, making him a weredog.

text: Doug Falconhawk/Machowski[edit]

text: Doug Falconhawk (true name Doug Machowski, portrayed by Thomas Mitchell) is the host of his own television show that called him the Scarefinder. Rory, Benny and Ethan are his only fans because his lack of locating paranormal activities is boring the audience except those three. He makes his first appearance in Doug The Vampire Hunter and hires the kids to hunt vampires. His show is eventually ruined by his fans.

text: Dirk Baddison[edit]

text: Dirk Baddison (played by Jamie Johnston) is the actor who portrays the vampire named James in the Dusk series, he appears in "Welcome Back Dusker" when Ethan starts the rumor that he's coming to Whitechapel, in order to get Sarah to come back. Erica abducts Dirk, showing him that she's a vampire and that vampires are real, Dirk involuntarily gets dragged in front of the vampire council with Erica, and the head of the council likes Dirk, wanting his autograph for "a friend". Dirk is placed into a psychiatric facility after going to the media and saying he has a vampire girlfriend, pictures he took with Erica showed that only he was in the pictures, because vampires don't show up on film.

text: Anastasia[edit]

text: Anastasia (portrayed by Addison Holley) is first introduced in "Welcome back Dusker" as a little girl who is after Ethan and Sarah because vampires are being attacked by an ominous green mist later identified by Benny as, "The Breath of Death". She initially accuses Ethan of being the one behind the vampire attacks as he is a known vampire hunter and because vampires sent by the Council to retrieve his love interest Sarah were killed in his garden. When one of the other council members is taken over by the Breath of Death and tries to go after her, Ethan saves her and she believes that he has nothing to do with it. She secretly likes Dirk Baddison, asking to have his autograph "for a friend". Her personality is heavily juxtaposed to her demeanor, as she is very assertive (despite being on a council where each member has an equal vote, she always takes charge and no one seems willing to go against her) and also sinister and scary, usually resorting to death threats to get things done. Rory claims she's "scary" (at the end of "The Date to End All Dates") while Benny refers to her as "Little Miss Fang-Fang". Her sense of style both in her outfits and possessions (such as her choice of duffle bag in "The Date to end all Dates- Part 2") shows that despite her youthful appearance she is actually several centuries old. Despite banishing him, she is somewhat similar to Jesse, being quick to use force, mind control and is very williing to sacrifice her followers to save herself (Jesse freely admits he allowed most of his "flock" to be Lucifractored so he could defeat Stern's great-grandfather and Anastasia happily sent guards at Stern knowing they had no chance of defeating him while she fled Whitechapel. She also says that Stern could "have this town" (Whitechapel), in essence leaving every vampire in Whitechapel at the mercy of the vengeful vice-principal by leaving the Caller (a device Jesse says the Council uses to communicate with other covens) undefended). Most likely she only forced Rory and Erica to flee with her as all her remaining guards were busy holding off Stern while the rest of her Council had already fled.

text: Lucia[edit]

text: Lucia (portrayed by Shiva Negar) is a queen in search of her Sun King, Mr. G summons her when he digs up a crystal skull around the school. Lucia uses Mr. G and his male students to get reunited with her Sun King. The students make an altar out of the classroom desks for Lucia along with finding things such as animal hearts, gold, and jewelry. And Lucia initially chooses Rory to be "The Chosen One", or a sacrifice to the Sun King, but when she learns Rory is a vampire and isn't pure, she moves onto Ethan instead, who is breaking from Lucia's control over him. Sarah and Erica defeat Lucia after learning that the moon could interfere with Lucia's plan, they use moon rocks that Ethan bought to get their friends and classmates out of Lucia's spell. Ethan destroys Lucia using a moon rock as well, the skull crashing to the floor in the process.

text: Malcolm Bruner[edit]

text:
Malcolm Bruner (portrayed by Scott Beaudin) is a Whitechapel High student whose grandfather had recently passed in the episode "Fanged and Furious". Ethan wanted to buy his grandfather's clunker car, but chose against it when he learned the car was possessed by a vampire. Bruner threatens to have Ethan's learner's permit revoked because he thinks Ethan stole the car and tried to run him over with it.
When he came to school the next day he was all bandaged up and Rory told him his bandages were leaking.

text: Sunday Clovers[edit]

text: Sunday Clovers (portrayed by Bindi Irwin) is an energetic foreign exchange student from Australia who becomes lead in the school's upcoming play, "The Rainbow Factory", where Erica is assigned as her understudy. Clovers looks in a possessed dressing room mirror and she is controlled by the ghost trapped in it, to harm her classmates involved in the play. In the process of doing that, Clovers cuts numerous sandbags hoping to hurt her classmates, many of them fell on her in the process, breaking both of her legs; Sarah thought suspiciously that Erica did it to become lead in the play. Clovers watches a controlled Erica on stage the night of the play, sitting by Ethan's mother, both amazed at Erica's "acting".

text: Boltz[edit]

text: In "Jockenstein", Boltz is a robotic hockey player at Whitechapel High, invented by the coach to win games, taking human body parts to make him. The coach abducts Ethan and tries to take Ethan's brain and put it into Boltz to make him the greatest hockey player ever, until Sarah manages to stop the coach while Benny and Erica try to dismantle Boltz.

text: Hottie Ho-Tep[edit]

text: Hottie Ho-Tep (portrayed by Jesse Rath) is an ancient Egyptian mummy that took the form of a human teen by taking magical objects from Benny's home, after Benny took his pancreas, causing his mummy to break out of its sarcophagus. Hottie falls for Sarah and vice versa, trying to take her back to the underworld with her as his. Benny and Ethan manage to stop him by shaking Hottie's ancient artifacts that were buried with him.

text: Serena[edit]

text: Serena (portrayed by Kendra Timmins) is a local singing sensation who has the voice of an angel, but in reality she's a siren; a mythical creature whose songs bring out the self-destructive worst in anyone who hears it. Ethan, Benny, and Rory sign up for the talent show to stop Serena, using her songs against her, to stop her from bringing out the worst of people in the whole town.

text: Richard Bruner[edit]

text: Richard (portrayed by Trevor Coll) is grandson of Milfred Bruner. A tall, handsome, snooty prep-school kid. Extremely condescending.Younger version of the Winklevoss twins from The Social Network. The gang figures out that Richard is the latest target of the evil car…so in order to save Richard they invite him over under the pretense of taking his picture for a “Charity Photo Shoot” and draw a tube of his blood. Rory takes on his identity to attract the evil car and stop it from its rage.

text: Vivian Keaner[edit]

text: Vivian Keaner (portrayed by Marsha Mason) is Rory's mother who is first seen in "Siren Song", cheering her son on at the school's talent show. Vivian bored Benny's grandmother in the audience with stories of what Rory does, praising that he'd be a veterinarian one day, blissfully unaware that her son's recent interest in small mammals was actually due to finding them more delicious than cute. Benny's grandmother turned off her hearing aid as a result. Backstage, Rory gets nervous when he hears his mum is in the audience, not because he's worried for his safety but actually for the rest of the audience as he claims his mum can "really throw them" in terms of throwing punches. Ms. Keaner is later seen to be taken over by Serena's songs, punching out a lady in the audience.


document_title: General journal

question_text: what are the information written in the general journal

text: General journal

text:
Accounting

Historical cost
Constant purchasing power
Management
Tax

Major types[show]

Auditing
Cost
Forensic
Financial
Fund
Governmental
Management
Social
Tax

Key concepts[show]

Accounting period
Accrual
Constant purchasing power
Economic entity
Fair value
Going concern
Historical cost
Matching principle
Materiality
Revenue recognition
Unit of account

Selected accounts[show]

Assets
Cash
Cost of goods sold
Depreciation / Amortization
Equity
Expenses
Goodwill
Liabilities
Profit
Revenue

Accounting standards[show]

Generally-accepted principles
Generally-accepted auditing standards
Convergence
International Financial Reporting Standards
International Standards on Auditing
Management Accounting Principles

Financial statements[show]

Annual report
Balance sheet
Cash-flow
Equity
Income
Management discussion
Notes to the financial statements

Bookkeeping[show]

Bank reconciliation
Debits and credits
Double-entry system
FIFO and LIFO
Journal
Ledger / General ledger
T accounts
Trial balance

Auditing[show]

Financial
Internal
Firms
Report

People and organizations[show]

Accountants
Accounting organizations
Luca Pacioli

Development[show]

History
Research
Positive accounting
Sarbanes–Oxley Act

 Business portal

v
t
e

tag: table

text: General journal is a daybook or journal which is used to record transactions relating to adjustment entries, opening stock, accounting errors etc. The source documents of this prime entry book are journal voucher, copy of management reports and invoices.

text: The journal is where double entry bookkeeping entries are recorded by debiting one or more accounts and crediting another one or more accounts with the same total amount. The total amount debited and the total amount credited should always be equal, thereby ensuring the accounting equation is maintained.[1] In accounting and bookkeeping, a journal is a record of financial transactions in order by date.

text: A journal is also named the book of original entry, from when transactions were written in a journal prior to manually posting them to the accounts in the general ledger or subsidiary ledger. Manual systems usually had a variety of journals such as a sales journal, purchases journal, cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, and a general journal. Depending on the business's accounting information system, specialized journals may be used in conjunction with the general journal for record-keeping. In such case, use of the general journal may be limited to non-routine and adjusting entries.

text: A general journal entry includes the date of the transaction, the titles of the accounts debited and credited, the amount of each debit and credit, and an explanation of the transaction also known as a Narration.


document_title: List of FIFA World Cup finals

question_text: which was the first team to win fifa world cup twice

text: List of FIFA World Cup finals

text: List of finals[edit]

text:
Key to the list of finals

Match was won during extra time

Match was won on a penalty shoot-out

text: The "Year" column refers to the year the World Cup was held, and wikilinks to the article about that tournament. The wikilinks in the "Final score" column point to the article about that tournament's final game. Links in the "Winners" and "Runners-up" columns point to the articles for the national football teams of the countries, not the articles for the countries.

text:
List of finals matches, their venues and locations, the finalists, and final scores

Year

Winners

Final score[2]

Runners-up

Venue

Location

Attendance

References

1930

Uruguay

4–2

 Argentina

Estadio Centenario

Montevideo, Uruguay

80,000

[7][8]

1934

Italy

  2–1[n 3]

 Czechoslovakia

Stadio Nazionale PNF

Rome, Italy

50,000

[9][10]

1938

Italy

4–2

 Hungary

Stade Olympique de Colombes

Paris, France

45,000

[11][12]

1950[n 4]

Uruguay

2–1[n 5]

 Brazil

Estádio do Maracanã

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

199,854[13]

[14][15]

1954

West Germany

3–2

 Hungary

Wankdorf Stadium

Bern, Switzerland

60,000

[16][17]

1958

Brazil

5–2

 Sweden

Råsunda Stadium

Solna, Sweden

51,800

[18][19]

1962

Brazil

3–1

 Czechoslovakia

Estadio Nacional

Santiago, Chile

69,000

[20][21]

1966

England

  4–2[n 6]

 West Germany

Wembley Stadium

London, England

93,000

[22][23]

1970

Brazil

4–1

 Italy

Estadio Azteca

Mexico City, Mexico

107,412

[24][25]

1974

West Germany

2–1

 Netherlands

Olympiastadion

Munich, West Germany

75,200

[26][27]

1978

Argentina

  3–1[n 7]

 Netherlands

Estadio Monumental

Buenos Aires, Argentina

71,483

[28][29]

1982

Italy

3–1

 West Germany

Santiago Bernabéu

Madrid, Spain

90,000

[30][31]

1986

Argentina

3–2

 West Germany

Estadio Azteca

Mexico City, Mexico

114,600

[32][33]

1990

West Germany

1–0

 Argentina

Stadio Olimpico

Rome, Italy

73,603

[34][35]

1994

Brazil

  0–0[n 8]

 Italy

Rose Bowl

Pasadena, United States

94,194

[36][37]

1998

France

3–0

 Brazil

Stade de France

Saint-Denis, France

80,000

[38][39]

2002

Brazil

2–0

 Germany

International Stadium

Yokohama, Japan

69,029

[40][41]

2006

Italy

  1–1[n 9]

 France

Olympiastadion

Berlin, Germany

69,000

[42][43]

2010

Spain

  1–0[n 10]

 Netherlands

Soccer City

Johannesburg, South Africa

84,490

[44][45]

2014

Germany

  1–0[n 11]

 Argentina

Estádio do Maracanã

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

74,738

[46][47]

2018

France

4–2

 Croatia

Luzhniki Stadium

Moscow, Russia

78,011

Upcoming finals

Year

Team 1

v

Team 2

Venue

Location

Attendance

References

2022

Lusail Iconic Stadium

Lusail, Qatar

2026

TBD

United States

text: Results[edit]

text:
Results by nation

National team

Wins

Runners-up

Total finals

Years won

Years runners-up

 Brazil

5

2

7

1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002

1950, 1998

 Germany

4

4

8

1954, 1974, 1990, 2014

1966, 1982, 1986, 2002

 Italy

4

2

6

1934, 1938, 1982, 2006

1970, 1994

 Argentina

2

3

5

1978, 1986

1930, 1990, 2014

 France

2

1

3

1998, 2018

2006

 Uruguay

2

0

2

1930, 1950

–

 England

1

0

1

1966

–

 Spain

1

0

1

2010

–

 Netherlands

0

3

3

–

1974, 1978, 2010

 Czechoslovakia

0

2

2

–

1934, 1962

 Hungary

0

2

2

–

1938, 1954

 Sweden

0

1

1

–

1958

 Croatia

0

1

1

–

2018

text:
Results by confederation

Confederation

Appearances

Winners

Runners-up

UEFA

28

12

16

CONMEBOL

14

9

5

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ This follows FIFA's consideration that the national teams of West Germany/Germany, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, and USSR/Russia are combined respectively for record-keeping.[3]

Jump up ^ Technically the 1958 final was also between two first timers, but Brazil's 1950 group game defeat is generally counted as a previous "final" appearance for the team.

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[9][10]

Jump up ^ The 1950 FIFA World Cup did not have a final, rather, the tournament was decided by a 4-team round robin phase.

Jump up ^ Not the final but the decisive match of the final group stage.

Jump up ^ Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.[22][23]

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[28][29]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 120 minutes. Brazil won 3–2 on penalties.[36][37]

Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 120 minutes. Italy won 5–3 on penalties.[42][43]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[44][45]

Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[46][47]


document_title: Kinky Boots (film)

question_text: who plays lola in kinky boots the movie

question_tokens: who plays lola in kinky boots the movie

text: Kinky Boots (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the town of Northampton, in the East Midlands of England, Charlie Price is attempting to save the family shoe factory, which has been floundering since his father died. While on a business trip to London to sell the company's extra stock, Charlie encounters a woman being harassed by drunken hoodlums and intervenes to his detriment. He wakes up backstage, in the dressing room of Lola, a drag queen performer and alter ego of Simon. Charlie is intrigued when he sees that drag queens' high heels snap easily since they have only women's shoes to wear, rather than those that can support the weight of a larger male body frame. Back in Northampton, while in the process of laying off workers, one employee, Lauren, gives Charlie the idea of looking for a niche market product to save the business. Charlie then recruits Lauren to assist him in designing a high-heeled boot for drag performers.

text: When their initial designs are met with scorn by Lola, Charlie and Lauren bring her on as a consultant. The road is initially bumpy: many of the male employees are uncomfortable with Lola's presence and the new direction, and Charlie's relationship with his fiancée, Nicola, begins to deteriorate as she encourages him to sell the factory building to a real estate developer. Although things improve when Lola tones down her personality and starts making friends, matters take a turn for the worse when Charlie is invited to showcase the new boots in Milan; the strain he puts on his employees causes most of them, including Lola, to walk out.

text: Charlie's fiancée arrives at the factory, furious that he took out a second mortgage on their house to save the company. Nicola insists that he sell the company, but Charlie is determined to save it and the jobs of his employees. The argument (which ends with Nicola leaving Charlie) is broadcast on the factory's PA system, which is overheard by Lauren and Lola's bitterest opponent at the factory, Don, a chauvinistic male worker. Don turns over a new leaf after Lola had graciously allowed him to win an arm wrestling match, and rallies the factory workers to make the boots in time for Charlie and Lauren to get to Milan. When Charlie catches Nicola with another man, he angrily takes out his frustrations on Lola, causing Lola to quit. After arriving in Milan with no one to model the boots, Charlie is forced to go onstage and model the boots himself. After tripping and ultimately falling flat on his face, Lola and her posse of drag queens arrive, put on a spectacular runway show, and save the day.

text: In the film's denouement, Lola headlines her own show and sings a song in honor of the "kinky boots factory" of Northampton. Most of the key workers are in attendance and enjoying themselves, including Charlie and Lauren, who have become a couple.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Joel Edgerton as Charlie

Sebastian Hurst-Palmer as Young Charlie

Chiwetel Ejiofor as Lola

Courtney Philip as Young Lola

Sarah-Jane Potts as Lauren
Jemima Rooper as Nicola
Nick Frost as Don
Linda Bassett as Melanie
Robert Pugh as Harold Price
Ewan Hooper as George
Stephen Marcus as Big Mike
Mona Hammond as Pat
Kellie Bright as Jeannie
Joanna Scanlan as Trish
Geoffrey Streatfeild as Richard Bailey
Leo Bill as Harry Sampson

text: Background[edit]

text: An episode of BBC2 documentary series Trouble at the Top, broadcast on 24 February 1999, inspired the film [3] the former featured Steve Pateman struggling with possible closure of W.J. Brooks Ltd, a family-controlled Earls Barton, Northamptonshire shoe factory, that soon catered to the male market for fetish footwear under the "Divine" brand.[4][5][6]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The Kinky Boots: Original Soundtrack was released on April 11, 2006 by Hollywood Records.[7]

text:
"Whatever Lola Wants" – Chiwetel Ejiofor (2:12)
"In These Shoes" – Kirsty MacColl (3:39)
"I Want to Be Evil" – Chiwetel Ejiofor (2:34)
"Mr. Big Stuff" – Lyn Collins (4:00)
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World" – James Brown (3:17)
"I Put a Spell on You" – Nina Simone (2:36)
"The Prettiest Star" – David Bowie (3:09)
"Together We Are Beautiful" – Chiwetel Ejiofor (4:10)
"Yes Sir I Can Boogie" – Chiwetel Ejiofor (4:20)
"Wild Is the Wind" – Nina Simone (6:59)
"The Red Shoes" – Adrian Johnston (4:26)
"Steel Shank" – Adrian Johnston (3:39)
"Free to Walk" – Adrian Johnston (3:39)

text: The following songs are included in the film but are not on the Original Soundtrack:

text:
“My Heart Belongs to Daddy – Chiwetel Ejiofor
“These Boots Are Made for Walkin'” – Chiwetel Ejiofor
"Summer Holiday" – Jemima Rooper

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical response [edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews on release, with critics decrying the "formulaic Britcom plot". Critics aggregated by Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a combined rating of 57% based on 107 reviews.[8]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned a total of $9,941,428 internationally.[2]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Ejiofor was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

text: Musical adaptation[edit]

text: A stage musical adaptation of the same name Kinky Boots debuted on Broadway in April 2013, following an out-of-town try-out at the Bank of America Theatre in Chicago; Cyndi Lauper, music and lyrics; and Harvey Fierstein, co-wrote book.[9] Director Jerry Mitchell is also the choreographer.[10]

text: The Chicago cast included: Billy Porter and Stark Sands.[11] At the 67th Tony Awards (2013) won six Tony Awards, including Tony Award for Best Original Score (Lauper, first sole female winner), Best Actor (Porter) and Best Musical.[12]

text: On April 11, 2017 it was announced that Panic! at the Disco singer Brendon Urie would be playing Charlie that summer on Broadway.


document_title: Happy Feet

question_text: who did the voice of mumble in happy feet

text: Happy Feet

text: Plot

text: Every emperor penguin sings a unique song called a "heartsong" to attract a mate. If the male penguin's heartsong matches the female's song, the two penguins mate. Norma Jean, a female penguin, falls for Memphis, a male penguin and they become mates. They lay an egg, which is left in Memphis' care, while Norma Jean leaves with the other females to fish. While the males struggle through the harsh winter, Memphis briefly drops the egg. As a result, Mumble is unable to sing, but he can tap dance instead. Nevertheless, he is enamored with Gloria, a female penguin who is regarded as the most talented of her age. One day, Mumble encounters a group of hostile skua, with a leader who is tagged with a yellow band, which he says is from an alien abduction. Mumble narrowly escapes the hungry birds by falling into a crevice.

text: Now a young adult, Mumble is frequently ridiculed by the elders. After escaping from a leopard seal attack, Mumble befriends a group of Adelie penguins called "the Amigos", who embrace Mumble's dance moves and assimilate him into their group. After seeing a hidden human excavator in an avalanche, they opt to ask Lovelace, a rockhopper penguin, about its origin. Lovelace has the plastic rings of a six pack entangled around his neck, which he claims have been bestowed upon him by mystic beings.

text: For the emperor penguins, it is mating season and Gloria is the center of attention. Ramón, one of the Amigos, attempts to help Mumble win her affection by singing a Spanish version of "My Way", with Mumble lip syncing, but the plan fails. In desperation, Mumble begins tap dancing in synch with her song. She falls for him and the youthful penguins join in for singing and dancing to "Boogie Wonderland". The elders are appalled by Mumble's conduct, which they see as the reason for their lean fishing season. Memphis begs Mumble to stop dancing, for his own sake, but when Mumble refuses, he is exiled, prompting him to curse revenge on the elders for their blind belief.

text: Mumble and the Amigos return to Lovelace, only to find him being choked by the plastic rings. Lovelace confesses they were snagged on him while swimming off the forbidden shores, beyond the land of the elephant seals. Not long into their journey, they are met by Gloria, who wishes to join with Mumble as his mate. Fearing for her safety, he ridicules Gloria, driving her away.

text: At the forbidden shore, the group finds a fishing boat. Mumble pursues it solo to the brink of exhaustion. He is eventually washed up on the shore of Australia, where he is rescued and kept at Marine World with Magellanic penguins. After a long and secluded confinement in addition to fruitlessly trying to communicate with the humans, he nearly succumbs to madness. When a girl attempts to interact with Mumble by tapping the glass, he starts dancing, which attracts a large crowd. He is released back into the wild, with a tracking device attached to his back. He returns to his colony and challenges the will of the elders. Memphis reconciles with him, just as a research team arrives, proving the claims of the existence of "aliens" to be true. The whole of the colony, even Noah the leader of the elders, engages in dance.

text: The research team returns their expedition footage, prompting a worldwide debate. The governments realize they are overfishing, leading to the banning of all Antarctic fishing. At this, the emperor penguins and the Amigos celebrate.

text: Cast

text:
Elijah Wood as Mumble

E.G. Daily as baby Mumble

Robin Williams as Ramón, Cletus, Lovelace, and the narrator
Brittany Murphy as Gloria

Alyssa Shafer as baby Gloria

Hugh Jackman as Memphis
Nicole Kidman as Norma Jean
Hugo Weaving as Noah the Elder
Fat Joe as Seymour

Cesar Flores as baby Seymour

Anthony LaPaglia as Skua Boss
Magda Szubanski as Miss Viola
Miriam Margolyes as Mrs. Astrakhan
Steve Irwin as Trev
Carlos Alazraqui as Nestor
Lombardo Boyar as Raul
Jeffrey Garcia as Rinaldo
Johnny Sanchez as Lombardo
Roger Rose as Leopard Seal

text: Production

text: George Miller cites as an initial inspiration for the film an encounter with a grizzled old cameraman, whose father was Frank Hurley of the Shackleton expeditions, during the shooting of Mad Max 2: "We were sitting in this bar, having a milkshake, and he looked across at me and said, ‘Antarctica.’ He’d shot a documentary there. He said, ‘You’ve got to make a film in Antarctica. It’s just like out here, in the wasteland. It’s spectacular.’ And that always stuck in my head.”[6]

text: Happy Feet was also partially inspired by earlier documentaries such as the BBC's Life in the Freezer.[7] In 2001, during an otherwise non-sequitur meeting, Doug Mitchell impulsively presented Warner Bros., studio president Alan Horn with an early rough draft of the film's screenplay, and asked them to read it while he and Miller flew back to Australia. By the time they'd landed, Warner had decided to provide funding on the film. Production was slated to begin sometime after the completion of the fourth Mad Max film, Fury Road, but geo-political complications pushed Happy Feet to the forefront in early 2003.

text: An earlier cut of the film seems to have included a large subplot regarding aliens in the extraterrestrial sense, whose presence was made gradually more and more known throughout, and who were planning to siphon off the planet's resources gradually, placing the humans in the same light as the penguins. At the end, through the plight of the main character, their hand is stayed and, instead, first contact is made. This was chopped out during the last year of production, and has yet to see the light of day in a finished form, although concept art from these sequences were showcased at the Siggraph 2007 demonstration,[8] and are available online, as well.

text: The animation is invested heavily in motion capture technology, with the dance scenes acted out by human dancers. The tap-dancing for Mumble in particular was provided by Savion Glover who was also co-choreographer for the dance sequences.[9] The dancers went through "Penguin School" to learn how to move like a penguin, and also wore head apparatus to mimic a penguin's beak.[10]

text: Happy Feet needed an enormous group of computers, and Animal Logic worked with IBM to build a server farm with sufficient processing potential. The film took four years to make. Ben Gunsberger, Lighting Supervisor and VFX Department Supervisor, says this was partly because they needed to build new infrastructure and tools. The server farm used IBM BladeCenter framework and BladeCenter HS20 blade servers, which are extremely dense separate computer units each with two Intel Xeon processors. Rendering took up 17 million CPU hours over a nine-month period.[11]

text: According to Miller, the environmental message was not a major part of the original script, but "In Australia, we're very, very aware of the ozone hole," he said, "and Antarctica is literally the canary in the coal mine for this stuff. So it sort of had to go in that direction." This influence led to a film with a more environmental tone. Miller said, "You can't tell a story about Antarctica and the penguins without giving that dimension."[12]

text: The film was dedicated to the memory of Nick Enright, Michael Jonson, Robby McNeilly Green, and Steve Irwin.

text: Music

text: Happy Feet is a jukebox musical, taking previously recorded songs and working them into the film's soundtrack to fit with the mood of the scene or character. Two soundtrack albums were released for the film; one containing songs from and inspired by the film, and another featuring John Powell's instrumental score. They were released on October 31, 2006 and December 19, 2006, respectively.

text: Prince's "Song of the Heart" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The film won Golden Trailer Award for Best Music.[13]

text: Soundtrack

text:
Happy Feet: Music from the Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
October 31, 2006

Genre
Soundtrack, pop, rock, R&B, hip hop

Length
47:47

Label
Warner Sunset, Atlantic

Producer
John Powell, George Miller

Happy Feet soundtrack chronology

Happy Feet
(2006)
Happy Feet: Original Score
(2006)Happy Feet: Original Score2006

Singles from Happy Feet

"The Song of the Heart"
Released: 2006
"Hit Me Up"
Released: January 22, 2007 (CD Single)
January 29, 2007 (Digital Download)

text: Happy Feet: Music from the Motion Picture is the lyrical soundtrack album from the 2006 animated film Happy Feet. As of March 2007, the OST has sold over 272,627 copies in the US.

text:
Happy Feet: Music from the Motion Picture[14]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"The Song of the Heart"
Prince
Prince
4:35

2.
"Hit Me Up"
Brian Kierulf, Josh Schwartz & Gia Farrell
Gia Farrell
3:16

3.
"Tell Me Something Good"
Stevie Wonder
Pink
3:08

4.
"Somebody to Love"
Freddie Mercury
Brittany Murphy
3:47

5.
"I Wish"
Stevie Wonder
Patti LaBelle, Yolanda Adams and Fantasia Barrino
3:31

6.
"Jump N' Move"
Simon Bartholomew, Jan Kincaid, Andrew Levy & Jamal Mitchell
The Brand New Heavies (featuring Jamalski)
3:18

7.
"Do It Again"
Brian Wilson & Mike Love
The Beach Boys
2:24

8.
"The Joker mash-up with Everything I Own"
"The Joker" by Steve Miller, Eddie Curtis & Ahmet Ertegün;
"Everything I Own" by David Gates
"The Joker" by Jason Mraz;
"Everything I Own" by Chrissie Hynde
4:05

9.
"My Way (A Mi Manera)"
Paul Anka, Jacques Revaux, Claude François & Gilles Thibault
Robin Williams
1:44

10.
"Kiss mash-up with Heartbreak Hotel"
"Kiss" by Prince;
"Heartbreak Hotel" by Mae Boren Axton, Thomas Durden, and Elvis Presley
"Kiss by Nicole Kidman;
"Heartbreak Hotel" by Hugh Jackman
2:36

11.
"Boogie Wonderland"
Allee Willis & Jonathan Lind
Brittany Murphy
5:07

12.
"Golden Slumbers / The End"
Paul McCartney
k.d. lang
4:16

13.
"The Story of Mumble Happy Feet"
John Powell

5:50

Total length:
47:37

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: The film opened at #1 in the United States on its first weekend of release (November 17–19) grossing $41.6 million and beating Casino Royale for the top spot.[15] It remained #1 for the Thanksgiving weekend, making $51.6 million over the five-day period. In total, the film was the top grosser for three weeks, a 2006 box office feat matched only by Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. As of June 8, 2008, Happy Feet has grossed $198.0 million in the U.S. and $186.3 million overseas, making about $384.3 million worldwide. Happy Feet was the third highest grossing animated film in the U.S., behind Cars and Ice Age: The Meltdown. The film has been released in about 35 international territories at the close of 2006.[16][17]

text: The production budget was $100 million.[2]

text: Critical reception

text: Happy Feet received generally positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 75% "Certified Fresh" score based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus was "Visually dazzling, with a thoughtful storyline and catchy musical numbers, Happy Feet marks a successful animated debut from the makers of Babe."[18] Metacritic reports a 77 out of 100 rating, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[19]

text: Analysis

text: The film also garnered quite a bit of analysis and dissection from various critics. Film critic Yar Habnegnal wrote an essay in Forum on Contemporary Art and Society that examines the themes of encroachment presented throughout the film, as well as various other subtexts and themes, such as religious hierarchy and interracial tensions.[20] Vadim Rizov of the Independent Film Channel sees Mumble as just the latest in a long line of cinematic religious mavericks.

text: On a technical or formal level, the film has also been lauded in some corners for its innovative introduction of Miller's roving style of subjective cinematography into contemporary animation.

text: Home media

text: Happy Feet was released on home media on March 27, 2007[21] in the United States in three formats; DVD (in separate widescreen and pan and scan editions), Blu-ray Disc, and an HD DVD/DVD combo pack.[22]

text: Among the DVD's special features is a scene that was cut from the film where Mumble meets a blue whale and an albatross. The albatross was Steve Irwin's first voice role in the film before he voiced the elephant seal in the final cut. The scene was finished and included on the DVD in Irwin's memory. This scene is done in Irwin's classic documentary style, with the albatross telling the viewer all about the other characters in the scene, and the impact people are having on their environment.

text: Accolades

text: The film appeared on numerous critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2006.[23][24]

text:
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Result

Academy Awards
Best Animated Feature

Won

American Film Institute Awards
Honored as one of the Top Ten Best Films of the Year

Won

Annie Awards
Best Animated Feature
George Miller
Nominated

Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production
George Miller, John Collee, Judy Morris, and Warren Coleman
Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards
Best Feature Film

Won

British Academy Film Awards
Best Animated Feature Film

Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Best Original Song
"Song of the Heart" by Prince
Won

Golden Trailer Awards[25]
Best Music

Won

Grammy Awards
Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
John Powell
Nominated

Best Song Written for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
"The Song of the Heart", Prince
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie

Won

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
Best Animation

Won

New York Film Critics Circle Awards
Best Animated Film

Won

Satellite Awards
Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Animated Film

Nominated

text: Video games

text: A video game based on the film was developed by A2M and published by Midway Games. It has the same main cast as the film. It was released for the PC, PlayStation 2, GameCube, GBA, NDS, and Wii.[26]

text: Artificial Life, Inc. has also developed a mobile game for the Japan market.[27]

text: Legacy

text: Sequels

text: Happy Feet Two was produced at Dr. D Studios[28] and released on November 18, 2011. Wood and Williams reprised their roles for the sequel. Murphy was set to reprise her role and begin recording sometime in 2010,[29] but died from pneumonia on December 20, 2009. Matt Damon and Brad Pitt signed on as Bill the Krill and Will the Krill respectively.[30][31]

text: In an interview with Collider.com, Miller mentioned the small possibility of Happy Feet Three, stating that if he came up with an idea for a third film, that he and his studio would produce it if they both agreed the idea was better than the first two. As of now, however, he has yet to mention if he has any ideas for a third film since the interview.[32]

text: 4-D attraction

text: Happy Feet 4-D Experience is a 12-minute 4D film shown at various 4D theaters over the world. It retells the condensed story of Happy Feet with the help of 3D projection and sensory effects, including moving seats, wind, mist and scents. Produced by SimEx-Iwerks, the 4D experience premiered in March 2010 at the Drayton Manor Theme Park.[33] Other locations included Sea World (2010–2011),[34] Shedd Aquarium (2010–2012),[35] Moody Gardens (2010–2011),[36] Nickelodeon Suites Resort,[37] and Adventure Aquarium.[38]


document_title: Birth control in the United States

question_text: when was birth control legalized in the united states

text: Birth control in the United States

text: History[edit]

text: Birth control before 20th century[edit]

text: The practice of birth control was common throughout the U.S. prior to 1914, when the movement to legalize contraception began. Longstanding techniques included the rhythm method, withdrawal, diaphragms, contraceptive sponges, condoms, prolonged breastfeeding, and spermicides.[1] Use of contraceptives increased throughout the nineteenth century, contributing to a 50 percent drop in the fertility rate in the United States between 1800 and 1900, particularly in urban regions.[2] The only known survey conducted during the nineteenth century of American women's contraceptive habits was performed by Clelia Mosher from 1892 to 1912.[3] The survey was based on a small sample of upper-class women, and shows that most of the women used contraception (primarily douching, but also withdrawal, rhythm, condoms and pessaries) and that they viewed sex as a pleasurable act that could be undertaken without the goal of procreation.[4]

text: Although contraceptives were relatively common in middle-class and upper-class society, the topic was rarely discussed in public.[5] The first book published in the United States which ventured to discuss contraception was Moral Physiology; or, A Brief and Plain Treatise on the Population Question, published by Robert Dale Owen in 1831.[6] The book suggested that family planning was a laudable effort, and that sexual gratification – without the goal of reproduction – was not immoral.[7] Owen recommended withdrawal, but he also discussed sponges and condoms.[8] That book was followed by Fruits of Philosophy: The Private Companion of Young Married People, written in 1832 by Charles Knowlton, which recommended douching.[9] Knowlton was prosecuted in Massachusetts on obscenity charges, and served three months in prison.[10]

text: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant,[11] with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws.[12] They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League – the world's first birth control advocacy group – which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus' dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine.[13] By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France.[14] As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs.[15] The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.[16]

text: Contraception outlawed[edit]

text: Contraception was legal in the United States throughout most of the 19th century, but in the 1870s a social purity movement grew in strength, aimed at outlawing vice in general, and prostitution and obscenity in particular.[17] Composed primarily of Protestant moral reformers and middle-class women, the Victorian-era campaign also attacked contraception, which was viewed as an immoral practice that promoted prostitution and venereal disease.[18] Anthony Comstock, a postal inspector and leader in the purity movement, successfully lobbied for the passage of the 1873 Comstock Act, a federal law prohibiting mailing of "any article or thing designed or intended for the prevention of conception or procuring of abortion" as well as any form of contraceptive information.[19] Many states also passed similar state laws (collectively known as the Comstock laws), sometimes extending the federal law by outlawing the use of contraceptives, as well as their distribution. Comstock was proud of the fact that he was personally responsible for thousands of arrests and the destruction of hundreds of tons of books and pamphlets.[20]

text: Comstock and his allies also took aim at the libertarians and utopians who comprised the free love movement – an initiative to promote sexual freedom, equality for women, and abolition of marriage.[21] The free love proponents were the only group to actively oppose the Comstock laws in the 19th century, setting the stage for the birth control movement.[22]

text: The efforts of the free love movement were not successful and, at the beginning of the 20th century, federal and state governments began to enforce the Comstock laws more rigorously.[22] In response, contraception went underground, but it was not extinguished. The number of publications on the topic dwindled, and advertisements, if they were found at all, used euphemisms such as "marital aids" or "hygienic devices". Drug stores continued to sell condoms as "rubber goods" and cervical caps as "womb supporters".[23]

text: Birth control movement[edit]

text: World War II - 1960[edit]

text: After World War II, the birth control movement had accomplished the goal of making birth control legal, and advocacy for reproductive rights began to focus on abortion, public funding, and insurance coverage.[25]

text: Birth control advocacy organizations around the world also began to collaborate. In 1946, Sanger helped found the International Committee on Planned Parenthood, which evolved into the International Planned Parenthood Federation and soon became the world's largest non-governmental international family planning organization.[26] In 1952, John D. Rockefeller III founded the influential Population Council.[27] Fear of global overpopulation became a major issue in the 1960s, generating concerns about pollution, food shortages, and quality of life, leading to well-funded birth control campaigns around the world.[28] The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women addressed birth control and influenced human rights declarations which asserted women's rights to control their own bodies.[29]

text: 1960s and after - Sexual revolution and 'The Pill'[edit]

text: In the early 1950s, philanthropist Katharine McCormick had provided funding for biologist Gregory Pincus to develop the birth control pill, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1960.[30] The pill became very popular and had a major impact on society and culture. It contributed to a sharp increase in college attendance and graduation rates for women.[31] New forms of intrauterine devices were introduced in the 1960s, increasing popularity of long acting reversible contraceptives.[32]

text: In 1965, the Supreme Court ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut that it was unconstitutional for the government to prohibit married couples from using birth control.

text: Also in 1965, 26 states prohibited birth control for unmarried women.[33] In 1967 Boston University students petitioned Bill Baird to challenge Massachusetts's stringent "Crimes Against Chastity, Decency, Morality and Good Order" law.[34] On April 6, 1967 he gave a speech to 1,500 students and others at Boston University on abortion and birth control.[35] He gave a female student one condom and a package of contraceptive foam.[35] Baird was arrested and convicted as a felon, facing up to ten years in jail.[36] He spent three months in Boston's Charles Street Jail.[37] During his challenge to the Massachusetts law, the Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts stated that "there is nothing to be gained by court action of this kind. The only way to remove the limitations remaining in the law is through the legislative process."[38] Despite this opposition, Baird fought for five years until Eisenstadt v. Baird legalized birth control for all Americans on March 22, 1972. Eisenstadt v. Baird, a landmark right to privacy decision, became the foundation for such cases as Roe v. Wade and the 2003 gay rights victory Lawrence v. Texas.

text: In 1970, Congress removed references to contraception from federal anti-obscenity laws;[39] and in 1973, the Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.[40]

text: Also in 1970, Title X of the Public Health Service Act was enacted as part of the war on poverty, to make family planning and preventive health services available to low-income and the uninsured.[41] Without publicly funded family planning services, according to the Guttmacher Institute, the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions in the United States would be nearly two-thirds higher; the number of unintended pregnancies among poor women would nearly double.[42] According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, publicly funded family planning saves nearly $4 in Medicaid expenses for every $1 spent on services.[43]

text: In 1982, European drug manufacturers developed mifepristone, which was initially utilized as a contraceptive, but is now generally prescribed with a prostoglandin to induce abortion in pregnancies up to the fourth month of gestation.[44] To avoid consumer boycotts organized by anti-abortion organizations, the manufacturer donated the U.S. manufacturing rights to Danco Laboratories, a company formed by pro-choice advocates, with the sole purpose of distributing mifepristone in the U.S, and thus immune to the effects of boycotts.[45]

text: In 1997, the FDA approved a prescription emergency contraception pill (known as the morning-after pill), which became available over the counter in 2006.[46] In 2010, ulipristal acetate, an emergency contraceptive which is more effective after a longer delay was approved for use up to five days after unprotected sexual intercourse.[47] Fifty to sixty percent of abortion patients became pregnant in circumstances in which emergency contraceptives could have been used.[48] These emergency contraceptives, including Plan B and EllaOne, became another reproductive rights controversy.[49] Opponents of emergency contraception consider it a form of abortion, because it may interfere with the ability of a fertilized embryo to implant in the uterus; while proponents contend that it is not abortion, because the absence of implantation means that pregnancy never commenced.[50]

text: In 2000, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that companies that provided insurance for prescription drugs to their employees but excluded birth control were violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[51]

text: President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on 23 March 2010. As of 1 August 2011, female contraception was added to a list of preventive services covered by the ACA that would be provided without patient co-payment. The federal mandate applied to all new health insurance plans in all states from 1 August 2012.[52][53] Grandfathered plans did not have to comply unless they changed substantially.[54] To be grandfathered, a group plan must have existed or an individual plan must have been sold before President Obama signed the law; otherwise they were required to comply with the new law.[55] The Guttmacher Institute noted that even before the federal mandate was implemented, twenty-eight states had their own mandates that required health insurance to cover the prescription contraceptives, but the federal mandate innovated by forbidding insurance companies from charging part of the cost to the patient.[56]

text: In 2017, the Trump administration issued a ruling letting insurers and employers refuse to provide birth control if doing so went against their "religious beliefs" or "moral convictions".[57]

text: Current practices[edit]

text: There are many types of contraceptive methods available. Hormonal methods which contain the hormones estrogen and progestin include oral contraceptive pills (there is also a progestin only pill), transdermal patch (OrthoEvra), and intravaginal ring (NuvaRing). Progestin only methods include an injectable form (Depo-Provera), a subdermal implant (Nexplanon), and the intrauterine device (Mirena). Non-hormonal contraceptive methods include the copper intrauterine device (ParaGard), male and female condoms, male and female sterilization, cervical diaphragms and sponges, spermicides, withdrawal, and fertility awareness.

text: In 2006-2008, the most popular contraceptive methods among those at risk of unintended pregnancy were oral contraceptive pills (25%), female sterilization (24.2%), male condoms (14.5%) and male sterilization (8.8%).[58] Intrauterine device (4.9%), Withdrawal (4.6%).[58] Depo-Provera is used by 2.9%, primarily younger women (7.5% of those 15-19 and about 4.5% of those 20-30).[58]

text: A 2013 Lancet systematic literature review found that among reproductive aged women in a marriage or union, 66% worldwide and 77% in the United States use contraception. Despite this unintended pregnancy remains high; just under half of pregnancies in the United States are unintended. 10.6% of women at risk of unintended pregnancy did not use a contraceptive method, including 18.7% of teens and 14.3% of those 20-24.[58] Women of reproductive age (15 to 44) who are not regarded as at risk for unintended pregnancy include those who are sterile, were sterilized for non-contraceptive reasons, were pregnant or trying to become pregnant, or had not had sex in the 3 months prior to the survey.[58] When examining reasons why women do not use birth control, s 2007 Pregnancy Risk Monitoring Assessment System (PRAMS) survey of over 8000 women with a recent unintended pregnancy found that 33% felt they could not get pregnant at the time of conception, 30% did not mind if they got pregnant, 22% stated their partner did not want to use contraception, 16% cited side effects, 10% felt they or their partner were sterile, 10% reported access problems, and 18% selected "other".

text: Cost savings[edit]

text: Contraceptive use saves almost US $19 billion in direct medical costs each year.[59]

text: Additional Benefits[edit]

text: Contraception has many benefits beyond preventing pregnancy. Combination estrogen-progestin contraceptives can successfully treat dysmenorrhea (painful periods), provide symptom relief from endometriosis, reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and improve anemia related to menstrual blood loss, reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, reduce ovarian and colon cancer risk, reduce moderate acne, prevent of menstrual migraines, and reduce hirsutism (abnormal hair growth). The progestin containing intrauterine device can reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and protect against pre-cancerous changes or cancer in the uterus. Condoms (male or female) are the contraceptive method which protects against acquisition of sexually transmitted infections.[citation needed]

text: Government and policy[edit]

text: Domestic[edit]

text:
Funding

Title X
Medicaid

Take Charge

Contraceptive mandates

Goals

Healthy people

text: International[edit]

text: United States Agency for International Development

text: Legislation[edit]

text: 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

text: In two major legal cases that were planned in 2014, the attorneys made an issue of whether a for-profit corporation can be required to provide coverage for contraceptive services to its employees.[60] As of 1 January 2016, women in Oregon will be eligible to purchase a one-year supply of oral contraceptive; this is the first such legislation in the United States and has attracted the attention of California, Washington state and New York.[61]

text: Notable organizations[edit]

text:
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
EngenderHealth
Guttmacher Institute
American Social Health Association
Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States

text: Influence of religion[edit]

text: In 2014, the Supreme Court decided that for-profit corporations may offer insurance plans that do not cover contraception, by the rationale that the owners may hold that certain contraceptives violate their religious beliefs. This was a setback for the federal government's attempt to create a uniform set of health care insurance benefits.[62][63]