document_title: God Friended Me

question_text: who are the cast of god friended me

question_tokens: who are the cast of god friended me

text: God Friended Me

text: Plot[edit]

text: God Friended Me is described as a humorous, uplifting series that explores questions of faith, existence and science. It centers on Miles (Hall), an atheist whose life is turned upside down when he is friended by God on Facebook. Unwittingly, he becomes an agent of change in the lives and destinies of others around him. Cara (Violett Beane) is a leading writer at an online magazine. Under pressure for her next big story, her life takes an interesting turn when she meets Miles—thanks to God's friend suggestion.[4]

text: Use of Facebook[edit]

text: God Friended Me uses Facebook frequently as a narrative device. The "Friended" in the title God Friended Me refers to the act of friending someone on social media, granting that person special privileges (on the service in question) with respect to oneself.[5]  On Facebook, for example, one's friends have the privilege of viewing and posting to one's timeline.[6] In God Friended Me, this allows for God to contact Miles.[4]

text: While the majority of Facebook's revenue is advertisement-derived,[7][8] show creator Steven Lilien says that their conversations with Facebook have been limited to discussing "how much we can portray it".[9] According to executive producer Bryan Wynbrandt, the "God" of the show will be active on Facebook outside the show, with liking pages and changing their profile picture given as examples of their possible online activities.[10]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Brandon Micheal Hall[1] as Miles Finer
Violett Beane[1] as Cara Bloom
Javicia Leslie[1] as Ali Finer
Suraj Sharma[1] as Rakesh Sehgal
Joe Morton[1] as 	Rev. Arthur Finer
Kyle Harris[11] as Eli James

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [12]Prod.codeU.S. viewers(millions)1"Pilot"Marcos SiegaSteven Lilien & Bryan WynbrandtSeptember 30, 2018 (2018-09-30)[a]T33.0100210.14[14]
Miles Finer is the son of a preacher, but now runs a podcast wherein he supports atheism. He receives a Facebook friend request from "God", which he thinks is a hoax. Curious, he follows up on God's first suggested friend and unwittingly saves a man's life. He meets his second suggested friend, Cara, and discovers the two have more in common than either one knew.
2"The Good Samaritan"Marcos SiegaSteven Lilien & Bryan WynbrandtOctober 7, 2018 (2018-10-07)T40.101028.37[15]
As Miles prepares for his first national podcast about atheism, he gets another friend request from God that leads him to help a single mother connect with her autistic son. Cara gets closer to her estranged mother, while Ali convinces her father to support Miles and congratulate him on his podcast's success. Miles disagrees with his new producer, who wants a one-sided presentation about atheism. Miles instead wants his show to be more of an open conversation. Meanwhile, Rakesh is disappointed to see his new love interest on a date with another guy.
3"Heavenly Taco Truck"Kenneth FinkRobert HullOctober 14, 2018 (2018-10-14)T40.101037.90[16]
4"Error Code 1.61"Marcos SiegaAllison MooreOctober 21, 2018 (2018-10-21)T40.101048.86[17]
5"Unfriended"Erin FeeleySafia M. DirieOctober 28, 2018 (2018-10-28)T40.101056.94[18]
6"A House Divided"[19]Louis MilitoTeleplay by: Steven Lilien & Bryan WynbrandtStory by: Robert HillNovember 4, 2018 (2018-11-04)TBATBD
7"The Prodigal Son"[20]Marcos SiegaCarmen Pilar GoldenNovember 11, 2018 (2018-11-11)TBATBD
8"Matthew 621"[21]Holly DaleJessica GrangerNovember 18, 2018 (2018-11-18)TBATBD

text: Jump up ^ The pilot received an early digital release on August 31, 2018.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 60%  based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 6.38 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A sincere and thoughtful handling of spiritual themes helps God Friended Me overcome -- and even benefit from -- its earnest approach to a potentially off-putting premise."[22] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 57 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[23]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Pilot"

September 30, 2018
1.3/5
10.14[14]
N/A
2.01
N/A
12.15[24]

2

"The Good Samaritan"

October 7, 2018
0.9/4
8.37[15]
N/A
1.91
N/A
10.29[25]

3

"Heavenly Taco Truck"

October 14, 2018
1.0/5
7.90[16]
0.4
2.11
1.4
10.01[26]

4

"Error Code 1.61"

October 21, 2018
1.2/5
8.86[17]
N/A
1.95
N/A
10.82[27]

5

"Unfriended"

October 28, 2018
0.7/3
6.94[18]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: The Home Depot

question_text: how many home depot stores are in mexico

question_tokens: how many home depot stores are in mexico

root

text: The Home Depot

text: History[edit]

text: The Home Depot was co-founded by Bernard Marcus, Arthur Blank, Ron Brill, and Pat Farrah in 1978.[7] The Home Depot's proposition was to build home-improvement superstores, larger than any of their competitors' facilities.  Investment banker Ken Langone helped Marcus and Blank to secure the necessary capital.

tag: p

text:
“

Bernie and I founded The Home Depot with a special vision – to create a company that would keep alive the values that were important to us.  Values like respect among all people, excellent customer service and giving back to communities and society[8]

”

— Arthur Blank

tag: table

text: In 1979, the first two stores, built in spaces leased from J. C. Penney that were originally Treasure Island "hypermarket" (discount department and grocery) stores, opened in metro Atlanta (in Doraville and on Memorial Drive in Decatur, both near I-285)[9] on June 21. On September 22, 1981 The Home Depot went public on the NASDAQ and raised $4.093 million. The Home Depot joined the New York Stock Exchange on April 19, 1984.[10]

text: The Home Depot began to branch out of Georgia to Florida in 1981 with stores opening in Hollywood and Ft. Lauderdale. By 1984 The Home Depot was operating 19 stores with sales of over $256 million. To enter the Dallas market The Home Depot acquired Bowater Home Center from Bowater Inc. on October 31, 1984 for $40 million.[11] The increased expansion of The Home Depot in the mid-1980s created financial difficulties with earnings falling at 42% and debt rising to $200 million. The financial difficulties of The Home Depot also caused the stock price to fall. To curb The Home Depot difficulties it opened only 10 stores in 1986 with a stock offering 2.99 million shares at $17 per share that helped The Home Depot to restructure its debts.[12]

text: In 1989 The Home Depot became the largest home improvement store in the United States surpassing Lowe's. In the 1990s The Home Depot searched for ways to redefine its marketplace. An installation program for quality home improvement items such as windows or carpets was launched in 1991 called the EXPO with success. A 480-page book Home Improvement 1-2-3 was published in 1995. The Canadian hardware chain Aikenhead's Hardware was acquired by The Home Depot in 1994 for $150 million with a 75% share. All of the Aikenhead's Hardware stores were later converted to The Home Depot stores.[13] By 1995, sales reached $10 billion while operating 350 stores.

text: Former General Electric executive Robert Nardelli became CEO and President of The Home Depot in 2000.[14]

text: San Diego maintenance and repair supplies company Maintenance Warehouse was purchased by The Home Depot in 1997 for $245 million.[15] Maintenance Warehouse was purchased because it was a leading direct-mail marketer of maintenance, repair and operations supplies that can reach customers out of reach by The Home Depot.[16][17] Atlanta-based company Apex Supply was acquired by The Home Depot in 1999. Apex Supply is a wholesale distributor of plumbing, HVAC, industrial pipe and fittings.[18] Apex Supply and Maintenance Warehouse were rebranded in 2004 as The Home Depot Supply.[19]

text: In 2004, Home Depot employees at a suburban Detroit store in Harper Woods, Michigan, rejected a bid to be represented by a labor union, voting 115 to 42 against joining the United Food and Commercial Workers. If the union had won, the Michigan store would have been the first Home Depot to have union representation.[20]

text: Your Other Warehouse, a large plumbing distributor with a focus on special order fulfillment, was acquired by The Home Depot in 2001. Your Other Warehouse also supplied two divisions of The Home Depot and the EXPO Design Centers.[21] The EXPO Design Center division was reorganized in 2001 with three divisions based in the Northeast at South Plainfield, New Jersey, the West at Orange, California, and the Southeast at Atlanta, Georgia.[22]

text: The Home Depot entered the Mexican market in 2002 with the acquisition of the home improvement chain Del Norte. In addition, The Home Depot had begun construction of stores in Mexicali and Tijuana.[23] In the same year the Home Depot Landscape Supply was launched to integrate professional landscapers and upscale plants into a plant nursery retail chain.[24] Home Depot Landscape Supply lasted only five years with only a few stores each in metro Atlanta and Dallas/Fort Worth. The Home Depot decided to close all Home Depot Landscape Supply stores in late 2007.[25]

text: In September 2005, Home Depot Direct launched its online home-furnishings store, 10 Crescent Lane, shortly followed by the launch of Paces Trading Company, its online lighting store. In mid 2006, the Home Depot acquired Home Decorators Collection, which was placed as an additional brand under its Home Depot Direct division.

text: In 2006, the Home Depot acquired Hughes Supply the largest home retailer in the United States for $3.2 billion.[26] Hughes Supply was integrated into The Home Depot Supply to better serve business-to-business customers.[27] The Home Depot Supply rebranded under the new name HD Supply in January 2007.[28] Five months later The Home Depot sold HD Supply to a consortium of three private equity firms, The Carlyle Group, Bain Capital and Clayton, Dubilier and Rice (with each agreeing to buy a one-third stake in the division).[29]

text: On January 2, 2007, the Home Depot and Robert Nardelli mutually agreed on Nardelli's resignation as CEO after a six-year tenure.  Nardelli resigned amid complaints over his heavy-handed management and whether his pay package of $123.7 million (excluding stock option grants) over the previous five years was excessive, considering the stock's poor performance versus its competitor Lowe's. His severance package of $210 million was criticized because when the stock went down, his pay went up.[30][31]

text: His successor, Frank Blake, previously served as the company's vice chairman of the board and executive vice president. Blake agreed to a much more conservative compensation package than Nardelli, that is very heavily dependent upon the success of the company. Although a longtime deputy to Nardelli at GE and Home Depot, Blake was said to lack Nardelli's hard edge and instead preferred to make decisions by consensus. Indeed, Blake repudiated many of his predecessor's strategies, and it has been reported that the two men have not spoken since Nardelli departed Home Depot.[30][32]

text: In 2008 and 2009, with the downturn in the housing market, The Home Depot announced the layoff of several thousand associates, as well as the closing of 54 stores nationwide, including the entire EXPO Design Center chain.[33] Associates at EXPO were allowed to re-apply for Home Depot jobs after the layoffs, and did not lose any tenure if hired back. In the year of February 2009, sales totaled $71.288 billion, more than $20 billion down from the peak of two years earlier due to the sale of HD Supply and falling revenue at the retained business. In 2012, they proceeded to close the big-box style stores that they had in China, however smaller stores that specialized in custom products and focused on more intimate interactions between customers and associates remain open there.[34][35]

text: In 2013, The Home Depot established two large distribution centers in Atlanta and Los Angeles.[36]

text:
In August 2014, it was announced that Frank Blake would step down as CEO and would be replaced by 57-year-old Craig Menear. The change occurred on November 1, 2014. Blake would continue with the company as chairman.
Menear joined The Home Depot in 1997, and served in various management and vice-presidential positions, until 2003, including merchandising vice president of hardware, merchandising vice president of the Southwest Division, and divisional merchandise manager of the Southwest Division. He subsequently served as senior vice president of merchandising from August 2003 to April 2007. He then served as an executive vice president of merchandising from April 2007 to February 2014. Until becoming CEO, Menear served as president of U.S. Retail from February 2014 to November 1, 2014.[37]

text: The company had a data breach in September 2014.[38] One major reason for the data breach was the practice of entering credit card numbers directly into computers at the service-desk and pro-desk, and in specialty departments including flooring, kitchen cabinets, appliances, and millwork, rather than using POS credit card terminals directly. The practice was stopped, and Home Depot offered a year of free credit monitoring through AllClearID for any customers who requested it. There were also reports of credit card numbers being stolen when used to make purchases on Homedepot.com.

text: On July 22, 2015, Home Depot acquired Interline Brands from P2 Capital Partners, Goldman Sachs' private equity arm, and the management of Interline Brands for $1.6 billion.[39] Interline Brands became fully integrated with The Home Depot in August 2016 with the Interline Brands website merging with The Home Depot website. The subsidiaries of Interline Brands are now companies of The Home Depot.[40]

text: Mascot[edit]

text:
The Home Depot's mascot has been Homer D. Poe since 1981, when it was first used in advertising. Gwyn Raker, the illustrator says, "I designed him to be a funny guy next door who wasn't intimidating." The Homer Fund, a for-associate charity, is named after the mascot, who since its creation, has been a part of Home Depot culture ever since. This includes signage, advertising, awards and even a life-size costume for stores to rent out.  Homer has a wife, named Daisy.
[41]

text: Operation[edit]

text: Home Depot stores average 105,000 ft2 (9,755 m2) in size and are organized warehouse-style, stocking a large range of supplies.  Home Depot's two largest stores are located in Vauxhall, New Jersey, which encompasses 217,000 ft2 of space, and in Anaheim Hills, California where it encompasses 204,000 ft2.[42]  The company color is a bright orange (PMS 165, CMYK 60M100Y, HEX FF6600), on signs, equipment and employee aprons. It was announced in August 2014 that Craig Menear will take over for Frank Blake as CEO while Blake will remain the chairman of the board.[43]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The slogan "More saving. More doing." was introduced by The Home Depot in the March 18, 2009 circular, replacing "You can do it. We can help." which had been used since 2003.[44] Other slogans used in the past 25 years include "The Home Depot, Low prices are just the beginning" in the early 1990s and "When you're at the Home Depot, You'll feel right at home" in the late 1990s and "The Home Depot: First In Home Improvement!" from 1999 to 2003.[45]

text: US Stores division[edit]

text: Long-time employee Marc Powers became the head of Home Depot's US stores division in 2014. He took the place of Marvin Ellison, who left to become the chief executive of J.C. Penney. In January, 2016 Home Depot announced the departure of Powers as division head, to be replaced by another veteran employee, Ann-Marie Campbell, one of Powers' deputies. The change in leadership is effective as of February 1, 2016. Ms. Campbell has been employed by Home Depot for over 30 years, beginning as a cashier in a branch in South Florida. Her most recent role was as president of Home Depot's Southern division.[46]

text: Distribution centers[edit]

text: The Home Depot has over 90 distribution centers throughout the United States to serve over 2,000 The Home Depot stores.[47]

text: Interline Brands[edit]

text: Interline Brands has over 90 distribution centers throughout the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico that serves customer needs for MRO supplies.[48]

text: The brands of Interline Brands includes:

text:
Wilmar Industries (MRO)
Barnett (MRO, contractor supplies)
SupplyWorks (janitorial, packaging, MRO)
US Lock (keys, security devices)
Hardware Express (hardware supplies)
Maintenance USA (MRO)
Leran Gas Products (propane accessories)

tag: ul

text: Online[edit]

text: The domain homedepot.com attracted at least 120 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey.[49] In the US HomeDepot.com has 5 Call centers located in Kennesaw, GA; Atlanta, GA; Marietta, GA; Ogden, Utah and Tempe, AZ. Home Depot online offers in-store pickup and online returns.[50]

text: The website is inaccessible through servers outside of the countries the brand is serving.

text: Exclusive brands[edit]

text: The Home Depot exclusively carries several major brands, including:

text:
Chem-Dry (carpet cleaning, upholstery cleaning, tile and grout services)
Behr paints
Homelite (outdoor and power tools)
Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (outdoor furniture, indoor organization)
Ryobi and Ridgid (power tools)
American Woodmark cabinetry
Thomasville Furniture Industries cabinetry

text: Additionally, the retailer has its own house brands:

text:
Husky (tools)
Workforce (tools, shelving, storage cabinets, extension cords, worklights, tarps, paintbrushes)
HDX
Glacier Bay (kitchen sinks, faucets, etc.)
Commercial Electric
Home Decorators Collection

text: Fuel centers[edit]

text: In 2006, the Home Depot started testing fuel centers at some of its stores.  The first such "Home Depot Fuel" convenience store (C-Store) was located in Brentwood, Tennessee followed a month later by a center about 20 miles (32 km) away in Hermitage, both suburbs of Nashville. Four additional prototype stores were built within the year at Acworth, Georgia; Smyrna, Tennessee; Greensboro, Georgia; and then Winchester, Tennessee in that order.  The centers were expected to earn $5–$7 million per year, though the actual number was reported to be much higher. The fuel centers sell beer, hot food, and snacks along with providing diesel fuel and gas at a separate island.  This allows contractors with large trucks to be able to fill their vehicles.  The fuel centers offer car washes, which are large enough to accommodate full-size pickup trucks and other large commercial vehicles.[51]

text: Corporate affairs[edit]

text: Board of directors[edit]

text: Current members of the board of directors of the Home Depot are: F. Duane Ackerman, David H. Batchelder, Frank Blake, Ari Bousbib, Gregory D. Brenneman, Albert P. Carey, Armando Codina, Bonnie G. Hill, and Karen Katen.[52]  The Home Depot's board consists of 9 members, with 8 of them being independent directors.

text: Philanthropy[edit]

text: The Home Depot Foundation is the philanthropic arm of the company created in 2002. It has contributed over $200 million in time, labor, money, and supplies to a number of causes, including Habitat for Humanity, California-based City of Hope National Medical Center, and playground construction organization KaBOOM![53] Home Depot supports the U.S. Military community with a 10% military discount.

text: The Home Depot has partnered with the Georgia Emergency Management Agency's Ready Georgia campaign, leading both supplies and facility use to this statewide effort to increase emergency preparedness among Georgia's children.[54] The company also provided ready kits and other prizes for an art and essay contest for Georgia elementary school students.[55]

text: In 2005, The Home Depot was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush.[56][57][58]

text: In March 2018, the company donated $50 million to train 20,000 people as construction workers over the next decade. The Home Builders Institute will use the money to train veterans and U.S. Army soldiers, high school students and disadvantage youth. The financial support from Home Depot was to help address the needs of the shortage of construction workers.[59][60]

text: Environmental record[edit]

text: The Home Depot has stated on their website that they have a commitment "we continue to lead by example, demonstrating to the world that sustainability business practices are not only possible, they are good for business".[61] The Home Depot introduced a label on nearly 3,000 products in 2007. The label promotes energy conservation, sustainable forestry and clean water. Home Depot executives said that as the world's-largest buyer of construction material, their company had the power to persuade thousands of suppliers, homebuilders and consumers to follow its lead on environment sustainability. "Who in the world has a chance to have a bigger impact on this sector than Home Depot?" asked Ron Jarvis, vice president for environmental innovation at Home Depot.[62] This program is following The Home Depot's promise in the late 1990s to eliminate the number of sales of lumber from endangered forests in countries including Chile and Indonesia.[63] Home Depot has since worked with environmental groups to create a variety of green programs. For example,  Home Depot planted thousands of trees at its headquarters in Atlanta to offset carbon emissions. In 2007, The Home Depot Foundation (the company's charitable foundation) committed to investing $100 million over the next decade to build over 100,000 green affordable homes and plant 3,000,000 trees.

text:
Additionally, The Home Depot promotes compact fluorescent light bulbs in its stores. As part of this effort, the company created the largest recycling program in the United States for the bulbs.[64]
In March 2013, Home Depot locations in Canada stopped accepting compact fluorescent light bulbs for recycling.[65]

text: Major sponsorships[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: In 2002, The Home Depot joined PBS as a sponsor of This Old House and Ask This Old House.

text: In 2003, The Home Depot became a sponsor for Trading Spaces.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Company co-founder Arthur Blank also purchased the Atlanta Falcons franchise of the National Football League in February 2002, although The Home Depot made no association with the team until April 2017, when The Home Depot acquired the naming rights to a 13-acre park to be built adjacent to the Falcons' new stadium, Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The Home Depot Backyard is set to be built on the site formerly occupied by the Georgia Dome.[66]

text: Since 1991, the company has become a large supporter of athletics, sponsoring the United States and Canadian Olympic teams, and launching a program which offered employment to athletes that accommodates their training and competition schedules. The Home Depot ceased to be a sponsor of the Canadian Olympic Team in 2005 and ended a sponsorship program for the United States Olympic team in 2009.[67]

text: The Home Depot has been a major sponsor for Joe Gibbs Racing in NASCAR since 1999. Their arrival into the series coincided with Tony Stewart leaving the Indy Racing League to join what is now the Sprint Cup Series. Stewart drove The Home Depot-sponsored #20 car for Joe Gibbs Racing until 2008, winning 2 of his 3 series championships in the car, and was succeeded by Joey Logano, who took the car to victory lane twice. After Matt Kenseth joined the team, The Home Depot's status as the #20's primary sponsor was taken over by Dollar General, but the company still served as its most frequent secondary sponsor through its Husky Tools division. On June 23, 2014, the company announced it would end its NASCAR sponsorship after 2014.[68]

text: The Home Depot was the title sponsor of The Home Depot Center in Carson, California, home to both the Los Angeles Galaxy and Chivas USA of Major League Soccer, and Los Angeles Riptide (Major League Lacrosse), and many past major sporting events. The venue is now called StubHub Center.

text: In 2006, The Home Depot partnered with Duke University's Edmund T. Pratt Jr. School of Engineering to create "The Home Depot Smart Home".  The smart home is a live-in laboratory for ten upper-class engineering students that allows them to immerse themselves in the work.  The goal of the project is to help provide innovative solutions for the home in areas such as security and home monitoring, communications, energy efficiency, entertainment, environment and health.[69]

text: In January 2007, The Home Depot became the official home improvement sponsor of ESPN's College Gameday.[70]

text: Politics[edit]

text: Seventy-three percent of The Home Depot's campaign contributions went to Republican candidates in the 2005–2006 US elections. "Home Depot's PAC gives money based on a candidate's voting record, committee assignment and leadership position," said company spokesman Jerry Shields.[71]  The CEO in this period was Bob Nardelli, a friend of U.S. President George W. Bush.[72]  Nardelli hosted a garden reception/fundraiser for Bush at his Atlanta home on May 20, 2004.[73]

text: Outside the US[edit]

text: Canada[edit]

text: Home Depot Canada is the Canadian unit of the Home Depot and one of Canada's top home improvement retailers. The Canadian operation consists of 182 stores and employs over 28,000 people in Canada. Home Depot Canada has stores in all ten Canadian provinces and serves territorial Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon through electronic means (Online Sales). The Canadian head office is located in Toronto.

text: The Canadian unit was created with the purchase of Aikenhead's Hardware. Home Depot management has an ambitious plan to overtake its biggest competitor, RONA, which has about four times as many stores. However, some of RONA's stores are smaller than the typical Home Depot store. In terms of big box stores, the Home Depot has more stores than RONA (not including other Rona banners such as Réno Dépôt or Cashway). As of 2007, RONA pulled ahead of The Home Depot in total retail sales, due to aggressive consolidation efforts by RONA, combined with the loss of The Home Depot's industrial supply division, HD Supply, in July 2007. The Home Depot now faces competition from Lowe's as they have moved into the Canadian market effective the end of 2007; Lowe's now has 35 outlets in Canada.

text: In Quebec, where it has 22 stores, The Home Depot is branded simply "Home Depot" (using English words but without the definite article "the").

text: Mexico[edit]

text: The Home Depot operates 106 stores in Mexico[74] and has become one of the largest retailers in Mexico since it entered the market in 2001. The Home Depot increased its presence in Mexico in 2004, with the acquisition of Home Mart, the second largest Mexican home improvement retailer.

text: The Home Depot Mexico employs more than 11,000 associates throughout the country and has an annual growth rate of 10 percent.[75]

text: China[edit]

text: In December 2006, the Home Depot announced its acquisition of the Chinese home improvement retailer The Home Way.[76]  The acquisition gave the Home Depot an immediate presence in China, with 12 stores in six cities.

text: In April, 2011, Home Depot shut its last Beijing store, the fifth Home Depot to close in China in the previous two years. In September 2012, The Home Depot announced it was closing all big box stores in China. The Home Depot retained two specialty stores in China, a Home Decorators Collection Store and a paint and flooring store.[77]

text: As of September 16, 2012, all seven of the box stores in China had been shut down.[78] The Home Depot has no immediate plans to further expand its specialty stores in China. The company is taking a "wait-and-see" attitude towards the Chinese market, but does not want to completely pull out because re-entry into the market would be very costly.

text: The Home Depot's lack of success in China has been attributed to the disconnect between The Home Depot's do-it-yourself ethos and Chinese culture. In 2012, the Home Depot conceded that it misread the country's appetite for do-it-yourself products. As a spokeswoman for the company said in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, "The market trend says this is more of a do-it-for-me culture".[77] Culturally, manual labor is seen as an activity for lower-class citizens, and some have speculated that The Home Depot could have capitalized on this by offering a do-it-for-me model to Chinese consumers. Chinese consumers prefer to see a finished product, such as a renovated room, rather than light bulbs and lumber.[79] The same issue does not exist outside of China, especially in Canada, where Chinese Home Depot advertisements and store signage can be found in areas with large Chinese demographics.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: There were reports that the Home Depot was interested in acquiring B&Q, the largest DIY retailer in the United Kingdom, Ireland and China. Speculation of a takeover began in 1999 when the retailer Asda was purchased by Walmart. The Home Depot would have to acquire Kingfisher plc, B&Q's parent company, to acquire B&Q. Kingfisher consists of several European DIY chains; however, the Home Depot was only interested in B&Q operations and says that it would dispose of the Castorama chain which operates in France, Italy, Poland and Russia. Talks ending in 2005 did not result in any takeover deal.[80][81][82][83]

text: South America[edit]

text:
In 1997, Home Depot entered the Chilean and Argentine markets. While the venture was viewed with great optimism by founders Bernard Marcus and Arthur Blank,[84] it eventually proved unprofitable. In October 2001, Chilean partners Falabella bought out Home Depot's share of the five Chilean Home Center stores and rebranded them Home Store. In 2003, after merging with Sodimac, all stores adopted that brand. The company has since expanded across Latin America very profitably and successfully. It's currently the N°1 Home Improvement company in South America.
In 2002, Argentina's Home Depots were bought out by Chilean company Cencosud and rebranded Easy stores, a company that has also expanded across South America. It's currently the N°2 Home Improvement company in South America.

text: South America The Home Depot stores recently then you can have an opportunity to participate in Home Depot Customer Satisfaction Sweepstakes. 55 This is only for Home Depot’s Customer to join The home depot wants to know what their customers are what thinking experience.home depot

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Whistleblower case[edit]

text: The Home Depot was embroiled in whistleblower litigation brought under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) law. In July 2005, former employee Michael Davis, represented by attorney Mark D. Schwartz filed a whistleblower lawsuit against the Home Depot, alleging that his discharge was in retaliation for refusing to make unwarranted backcharges against vendors. Davis alleges that the Home Depot forced its employees to meet a set quota of backcharges to cover damaged or defective merchandise, forcing employees to make chargebacks to vendors for merchandise that was undamaged and not defective. The Home Depot alleges that it fired Davis for repeatedly failing to show up for work.

text: The trial initially was concluded in June 2006, but in April 2007, U.S. Department of Labor Judge Pamela Lakes Wood ordered the case reopened after the Home Depot's law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld revealed that the retail giant's in-house counsel had told them that two Home Depot employees who testified at the trial had lied. Akin Gump sent Wood a letter on September 29, 2006, in which the law firm requested that the testimony be stricken. In response to Akin Gump's revelation, Davis' attorney Mark D. Schwartz asked for the case to be reopened to permit further questioning of the witnesses. On April 6, 2007, Wood ordered the case to be reopened.

text: Schwartz was quoted by the New York Post as saying, "I have reason to believe these witnesses were intimidated into giving false testimony." The Home Depot called Schwartz's allegations "meritless".[85]

text: Home Depot has settled the dispute in a stipulation of settlement dated March 28, 2008. In the settlement, Home Depot changed some of its corporate governance provisions. Home Depot also agreed to pay the plaintiff's counsel $6 million in cash and $8.5 million in common stock.[86]

text: Patent law controversy[edit]

text: Powell v. Home Depot USA, Inc. (2008cv61862) (2011) was a decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida concerning patent infringement on a "safe hands" device that Michael Powell, an independent contractor for Home Depot, created in response to injuries to the hands of associates using in-store radial arm saws. The District court jury returned a verdict in favor of Powell.

text: In 2011, Home Depot appealed against the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, challenging the district court's denial of its renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law on the issues of infringement, willfulness, and damages.[87][88] They also challenged the district court's claim construction, inequitable conduct, and attorney fees determinations. The appellate court found no inequitable conduct and insufficiently egregious misconduct on the part of Powell's attorney.[89]

text: Tilt-up construction design of stores[edit]

text: In the wake of the 2011 Joplin tornado in which the walls of a Home Depot collapsed after being hit by an EF5 tornado, The Kansas City Star, citing engineers, criticized Home Depot's practice of using tilt-up construction in hundreds of its big-box stores (other nearby big-box stores in Joplin, including a Walmart and Academy Sports, which had concrete block construction, lost their roofs but the walls remained intact). In tilt-up construction the concrete is poured onsite, lifted into place, and then attached to the roof. The engineers told the Star that the practice, while normally safe and efficient, is dangerous in major storms because once the roof is lifted (as happened in Joplin) the walls collapse in a domino effect.  Seven people were killed in the front of the store when the 100,000-pound walls collapsed on them, while 28 people in the back of the store survived when those walls collapsed outward. Only two of the slab walls in the Home Depot survived. In contrast, 3 people died in the Walmart but 200 survived. Engineers noted that when concrete block construction fails, structural elements break in pieces and usually not in huge slabs.  Home Depot said it fundamentally disagreed with the engineers quoted by the Star and said it would use tilt-up construction when it rebuilds the Joplin store.[90]

text: Home Depot payment system breach[edit]

text: On September 2, 2014, security news reporter Brian Krebs  reported that he was seeing evidence of credit card numbers linked to Home Depot purchases being sold online, which he concluded to suggest that The Home Depot's payment systems were breached by hackers.[91] On September 8, 2014, Home Depot confirmed that their payment systems were compromised. According to their press release, this breach affected any customers who made purchases at any Home Depot store from April 2014 to September 2014. Home Depot offered their affected customers free one-year credit monitoring service from AllClear ID. Also in their press release, they made sure to emphasize that there was no evidence to suggest that online customers were affected by the breach. On September 18, 2014, Home Depot released a statement saying that the hackers obtained a total of 56 million credit card numbers as a result of the breach. Since the breach, Home Depot has rolled out new encryption technology for their cash registers and self-checkout systems to protect customers. A class action lawsuit was filed against the company.

text: In March 2016 Home Depot agreed to pay at least $19.5 million to compensate the more than 50 million consumers affected. The settlement terms included a $13 million fund to reimburse shoppers and a $6.5 million fund for cardholder identity protection services.[92]

text: EEOC disability discrimination suit[edit]

text: In September 2012, Home Depot agreed to pay $100,000 and furnish other relief to settle a disability discrimination lawsuit[93] filed by the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, for the alleged failure to provide a reasonable accommodation for a cashier with cancer at its Towson, Maryland, store and then for purportedly firing her because of her condition.[94]


document_title: People (magazine)

question_text: who holds the record for people's sexiest man

question_tokens: who holds the record for people 's sexiest man

text: People (magazine)

text: History[edit]

text: The concept for People has been attributed to Andrew Heiskell, Time Inc.'s chief executive officer at the time and the former publisher of the weekly Life magazine. The founding managing editor of People was Richard B. (Dick) Stolley, a former assistant managing editor at Life and the journalist who acquired the Zapruder tapes of the John F. Kennedy assassination for Time Inc. in 1963. People's first publisher was Richard J. (Dick) Durrell, another Time Inc. veteran.

text: Stolley characterized the magazine as "getting back to the people who are causing the news and who are caught up in it, or deserve to be in it. Our focus is on people, not issues."[12] Stolley's almost religious determination to keep the magazine people-focused contributed significantly to its rapid early success. It is said that although Time Inc. pumped an estimated $40 million into the venture, the magazine only broke even 18 months after its debut in March 1974. Initially, the magazine was sold primarily on newsstands and in supermarkets. To get the magazine out each week, founding staff members regularly slept on the floor of their offices two or three nights each week and severely limited all non-essential outside engagements. The premier edition for the week ending March 4, 1974 featured actress Mia Farrow, then starring in the film The Great Gatsby, on the cover. That issue also featured stories on Gloria Vanderbilt, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and the wives of U.S. Vietnam veterans who were Missing In Action.[5] The magazine was, apart from its cover, printed in black-and-white. The initial cover price was 35 cents (equivalent to $1.70 in 2016).

text: The core of the small founding editorial team included other editors, writers, photographers and photo editors from Life magazine, which had ceased publication just 13 months earlier. This group included managing editor Stolley, senior editors Hal Wingo (father of ESPN anchor Trey Wingo), Sam Angeloff (the founding managing editor of Us magazine) and Robert Emmett Ginna (later a producer of films); writers James Watters (a theater reviewer) and Ronald B. Scott (later a biographer of Presidential candidate Mitt Romney); former Time senior editor Richard Burgheim (later the founder of Time's ill-fated cable television magazine View); Chief of Photography, a Life photographer, John Loengard, to be succeeded by John Dominus, a noteworthy Life staff photographer; and design artist Bernard Waber, author and illustrator of the Lyle The Crocodile book series for children. Many of the noteworthy Life photographers contributed to the magazine as well, including legends Alfred Eisenstaedt and Gjon Mili and rising stars Co Rentmeester, David Burnett and Bill Eppridge. Other members of the first editorial staff included editors and writers: Ross Drake, Ralph Novak, Bina Bernard, James Jerome, Sally Moore, Mary Vespa, Lee Wohlfert, Joy Wansley, Curt Davis, Clare Crawford-Mason,[13] and Jed Horne, later an editor of The Times-Picayune in New Orleans.

text: In 1996, Time Inc. launched a Spanish-language magazine entitled People en Español. The company has said that the new publication emerged after a 1995 issue of the original magazine was distributed with two distinct covers, one featuring the murdered Tejano singer Selena and the other featuring the hit television series Friends; the Selena cover sold out while the other did not.[14] Although the original idea was that Spanish-language translations of articles from the English magazine would comprise half the content, People en Español over time came to have entirely original content.

text: In 2002, People introduced People Stylewatch, a title focusing on celebrity style, fashion, and beauty – a newsstand extension of its Stylewatch column. Due to its success, the frequency of People Stylewatch was increased to 10 times per year in 2007.

text: In Australia, the localized version of People is titled Who because of a pre-existing lad's mag published under the title People. The international edition of People has been published in Greece since 2010.

text: On July 26, 2013, Outlook Group announced that it was closing down the Indian edition of People, which began publication in 2008.[15][16]

text: Teen People[edit]

text:
Teen People

Teen People cover, April 2006

Managing Editor
Niraj Biswal
Barbara O'Dair

Categories
Celebrity

Frequency
Monthly

First issue
February 1998

Final issue
September 2006

Company
Time Inc. (Time Warner)

Country
United States

Language
English

ISSN
1096-2832

text: In 1998, the magazine introduced a version targeted at teens, called Teen People.[17] However, on July 27, 2006 the company announced that it would shut down publication of Teen People immediately. The last issue to be released was scheduled for September 2006.[18] In exchange subscribers to this magazine received Entertainment Weekly for the rest of their subscriptions. There were numerous reasons cited for the publication shutdown, including a downfall in ad pages, competition from both other teen-oriented magazines and the internet, along with a decrease in circulation numbers.[19] Teenpeople.com was merged into People.com in April 2007. People.com will "carry teen-focused stories that are branded as TeenPeople.com", Mark Golin, the editor of People.com explained, and on the decision to merge the brands he said, "We've got traffic on TeenPeople, People is a larger site, why not combine and have the teen traffic going to one place?"[20]

text: Competition for celebrity photos[edit]

text: In a July 2006 Variety article, Janice Min, Us Weekly editor-in-chief, blamed People for the increase in cost to publishers of celebrity photos:

text: They are among the largest spenders of celebrity photos in the industry....One of the first things they ever did, that led to the jacking up of photo prices, was to pay $75,000 to buy pictures of Jennifer Lopez reading Us magazine, so Us Weekly couldn't buy them.

text: That was the watershed moment that kicked off high photo prices in my mind. I had never seen anything like it. But they saw a competitor come along, and responded. It was a business move, and probably a smart one.[5]

text: People reportedly paid $4.1 million for photos of newborn Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt, the child of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt.[5] The photos set a single-day traffic record for their website, attracting 26.5 million page views.[5]

text: Sexiest Man Alive[edit]

text: The annual feature the "Sexiest Man Alive" is billed as a benchmark of male attractiveness and typically includes only famous people and celebrities. It is determined using a procedure similar to the procedure used for Time's Person of the Year. The origin of the title was a discussion on a planned story on Mel Gibson. Someone exclaimed, "Oh my God, he is the sexiest man alive!" And someone else said, "You should use that as a cover line."[21]

text: For the first decade or so, the feature appeared at uneven intervals. Originally awarded in the wintertime, it shifted around the calendar, resulting in gaps as short as seven months and as long as a year and a half (with no selection at all during 1994, however 21 years later People selected Keanu Reeves to fill the 1994 gap, the runners up for that year includes Hugh Grant and Jim Carrey). Since 1997, the dates have settled between mid-November and early December.

text: Dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below.

text: As of 2016, John F. Kennedy, Jr. and Patrick Swayze are the only winners to have died since winning. Kennedy, Adam Levine and David Beckham are the only non-actors to have won the award.

text:
Year
Choice
Age

000000001985-02-04-0000February 4, 1985
Mel Gibson
29

000000001986-01-27-0000January 27, 1986
Mark Harmon[22]
34

000000001987-03-30-0000March 30, 1987
Harry Hamlin
35

000000001988-09-12-0000September 12, 1988
John F. Kennedy, Jr.
27

000000001989-12-16-0000December 16, 1989
Sean Connery
59

000000001990-07-23-0000July 23, 1990
Tom Cruise
28

000000001991-07-22-0000July 22, 1991
Patrick Swayze
38

000000001992-03-16-0000March 16, 1992
Nick Nolte
51

000000001993-10-19-0000October 19, 1993
Richard Gere (1) and Cindy Crawford[23]
44

1994 (awarded in 2015)
Keanu Reeves
30 (at the time)

000000001995-01-30-0000January 30, 1995
Brad Pitt (1)
31

000000001996-07-29-0000July 29, 1996
Denzel Washington
41

000000001997-11-17-0000November 17, 1997
George Clooney (1)
36

000000001998-11-16-0000November 16, 1998
Harrison Ford
56

000000001999-11-15-0000November 15, 1999
Richard Gere (2)
50

000000002000-11-13-0000November 13, 2000
Brad Pitt (2)
36

000000002001-11-26-0000November 26, 2001
Pierce Brosnan
48

000000002002-12-02-0000December 2, 2002
Ben Affleck
30

000000002003-12-01-0000December 1, 2003
Johnny Depp (1)
40

000000002004-11-29-0000November 29, 2004
Jude Law
31

000000002005-11-28-0000November 28, 2005
Matthew McConaughey[24]
36

000000002006-11-27-0000November 27, 2006
George Clooney (2)[25]
45

000000002007-11-26-0000November 26, 2007
Matt Damon[26]
37

000000002008-11-25-0000November 25, 2008
Hugh Jackman[27]
40

000000002009-11-18-0000November 18, 2009
Johnny Depp (2)[28]
46

000000002010-11-17-0000November 17, 2010
Ryan Reynolds[29]
34

000000002011-11-16-0000November 16, 2011
Bradley Cooper[30]
36

000000002012-11-14-0000November 14, 2012
Channing Tatum[31]
32

000000002013-11-19-0000November 19, 2013
Adam Levine[32]
34

000000002014-11-19-0000November 19, 2014
Chris Hemsworth[33]
31

000000002015-11-17-0000November 17, 2015
David Beckham[34]
40

000000002016-11-15-0000November 15, 2016
Dwayne Johnson
44

text: Sexiest Woman Alive[edit]

text: In December 2014, People selected its first Sexiest Woman Alive.[35]

text:
Year
Choice
Age

000000002014-12-18-0000December 18, 2014
Kate Upton[35]
22

text: Most Intriguing People of the Year[edit]

text: At the end of each year People magazine famously selects 25 news-making individuals or couples who have received a lot of media attention over the past 12 months and showcases them in a special year-end issue, the '25 Most Intriguing People of the Year'. This series of full-page features and half-page featurettes includes world leaders and political activists, famous actors and entertainers, elite athletes, prominent business people, accomplished scientists and occasionally members of the public whose stories have made an unusual impact in news or tabloid media.

text: For example, the news-makers People named as the "Most Intriguing People of 2010" were:

text:
Sandra Bullock
President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama
Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie
Michael Douglas
Elizabeth Smart
Prince William and Catherine Middleton
Elin Nordegren
Natalie Portman
Nicki Minaj
Sarah Palin
LeBron James
Bret Michaels
Julian Assange
The Chilean Miners
Ricky Martin
Kim Kardashian
Mark Zuckerberg
Heidi Montag
Jake Gyllenhaal and Taylor Swift
Ryan Reynolds
Will Smith's kids (Jaden and Willow)
Christina Aguilera
Ali Fedotowsky and Roberto Martinez
James Franco
Conan O'Brien

tag: ol

text: 100 Most Beautiful People[edit]

text: People's 100 Most Beautiful People is an annual list of 100 people judged to be the most beautiful individuals in the world. Until 2006, it was the 50 Most Beautiful People.

text: In 1990, Michelle Pfeiffer appeared on the cover of People's first "50 Most Beautiful People In The World" issue. She again was on the cover of the annual issue in 1999.[36] Julia Roberts holds the record for most times named, with five.[37]

text: Number Ones of Most Beautiful People[edit]

text:
Year
Name
Age

000000001990-06-01-0000June 1, 1990
Michelle Pfeiffer (1)
32

000000001991-06-07-0000June 7, 1991
Julia Roberts (1)
23

000000001992-05-04-0000May 4, 1992
Jodie Foster
29

000000001993-05-03-0000May 3, 1993
Cindy Crawford
27

000000001994-05-08-0000May 8, 1994
Meg Ryan
32

000000001995-05-08-0000May 8, 1995
Courteney Cox
30

000000001996-05-08-0000May 8, 1996
Mel Gibson
40

000000001997-05-12-0000May 12, 1997
Tom Cruise
34

000000001998-05-12-0000May 12, 1998
Leonardo DiCaprio
23

000000001999-05-14-0000May 14, 1999
Michelle Pfeiffer (2)
41

000000002000-05-08-0000May 8, 2000
Julia Roberts (2)
32

000000002001-05-14-0000May 14, 2001
Catherine Zeta-Jones
31

000000002002-05-13-0000May 13, 2002
Nicole Kidman
34

000000002003-05-12-0000May 12, 2003
Halle Berry
36

000000002004-05-30-0000May 30, 2004
Jennifer Aniston (1)
35

000000002005-05-08-0000May 8, 2005
Julia Roberts (3)
37

000000002006-04-28-0000April 28, 2006
Angelina Jolie
30

000000002007-04-27-0000April 27, 2007
Drew Barrymore
32

000000002008-05-02-0000May 2, 2008
Kate Hudson
29

000000002009-05-11-0000May 11, 2009
Christina Applegate
37

000000002010-04-30-0000April 30, 2010
Julia Roberts (4)
42

000000002011-04-15-0000April 15, 2011
Jennifer Lopez
41

000000002012-04-27-0000April 27, 2012
Beyoncé Knowles
30

000000002013-04-26-0000April 26, 2013
Gwyneth Paltrow
40

000000002014-05-05-0000May 5, 2014
Lupita Nyong'o
31

000000002015-04-24-0000April 24, 2015
Sandra Bullock
50

000000002016-04-20-0000April 20, 2016
Jennifer Aniston (2)
47

000000002017-04-19-0000April 19, 2017
Julia Roberts (5)
49

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ a: The ratio, according to Variety, is 53% to 47%.

text:
Jump up ^ Pompeo, Joe (January 10, 2014). "Time Inc. shake-up". Capital New York. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Consumer Magazines". Alliance for Audited Media. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Johnston-Greene, Chandra (May 18, 2009). "AARP Shows Largest Growth in Readership". Folio Magazine. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Flamm, Matthew (January 10, 2012). "Magazines eke out gains in 2011". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g People who need people, a July 2006 article from Variety magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Martha Nelson Named Editor, The People Group, a January 2006 Time Warner press release.
Jump up ^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (February 19, 2007). "Old Media Partying With Oscar Online". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Media Industry News letter, March 2006
Jump up ^ http://people.com/music/latavia-roberson-miscarriage-memoir-i-am-latavia-cover/.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Former Destiny's Child Member LaTavia Roberson Has a Bone to Pick With People Magazine". BET.com.
Jump up ^ "Ousted Destiny's Child Member LaTavia Roberson Is Pretty Pissed About An Interview She Gave". Oxygen. 29 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Press: People's Premiere". Time. March 14, 1974.
Jump up ^ "People's Magazine". Cosmopolitan. 188: 206. 1980.
Jump up ^ "Grad Named Head of People en Español". Tufts University. February 29, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Outlook to close down international titles - People, Geo and Marie Claire". Best Media Info. July 26, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nikhil Pahwa (July 29, 2013). "On The State Of The Magazine Industry In India; Outlook Shuts Three Magazines". MediaNama. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tweens, Teens, and Magazines" (PDF). Kaiser Family Foundation. January 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Teen People magazine closes, but website will still continue". The New York Times. July 26, 2006.
Jump up ^ "''Medialifemagazine.com''.". Medialifemagazine.com. July 26, 2006. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "TeenPeople.com to Merge Into People.com". Mediaweek. April 11, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Argetsinger, Amy; Roberts, Roxanne (November 19, 2007). "Matt Damon??!!! We Demand to Differ!". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ "All the Sexiest Man Alive Covers: 1986". People. November 3, 2009. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ In 1993, People named Gere and Crawford the "Sexiest Couple Alive" instead of naming a sexiest man.
"Sexiest Men Alive: A Hardy Breed with Perennial Appeal, Our Anointed Hunks Look as Good Today as Yesterday". People. November 17, 1997. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "An Annotated Deep Dive into the Majesty of Matthew McConaughey's 2005 Sexiest Man Alive Interview". people.com. People Magazine. 2005-11-11. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "George Clooney Named PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive". people.com. People Magazine. 2006-11-15. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Matt Damon: The Sexiest Man Alive". people.com. People Magazine. 2007-11-14. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hugh Jackman: The Sexiest Man Alive". people.com. People Magazine. 2008-11-19. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2009's Sexiest Man Alive: Johnny Depp". people.com. People Magazine. 2009-11-18. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sexiest Man Alive 2010: Ryan Reynolds". people.com. People Magazine. 2010-11-17. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bradley Cooper Named Sexiest Man Alive". Access Hollywood. November 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jen Chaney (November 14, 2012). "Channing Tatum, as expected, is People's Sexiest Man Alive 2012". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Jordan, Julie; Coulton, Antoinette (November 19, 2013). "Adam Levine Is PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive". People. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jordan, Julie; Coulton, Antoinette (November 19, 2014). "Chris Hemsworth Is PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive". People. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Leonard, Elizabeth (November 17, 2015). "David Beckham Is PEOPLE's Sexiest Man Alive!". People. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kate Upton wins 'Sexiest Woman'". Daily News. New York. December 19, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Unstoppable Michelle". People. May 10, 1999. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Cable, Jess; Kimble, Lindsay (April 19, 2017). "Julia Roberts Is PEOPLE's 2017 World's Most Beautiful Woman!". Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017. The stunning star is, for a record fifth time, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World...


document_title: Alaska Purchase

question_text: what was the price paid for the louisiana purchase

text: Alaska Purchase

text: Background[edit]

text:
Part of a series on the

History of Alaska

Prehistory
Russian America (1733–1867)
Department of Alaska (1867–1884)
District of Alaska (1884–1912)
Territory of Alaska (1912–1959)
State of Alaska (1959–present)
Other topics

v
t
e

text: Russia was in a difficult financial position and feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British, with whom they had fought in the Crimean War (1853–1856). While Alaska attracted little interest at the time, the population of nearby British Columbia started to increase rapidly a few years after hostilities ended, with a large gold rush there prompting the creation of a British crown colony on the mainland in addition to the one that was already established on Vancouver Island, where the French and British fleets had retreated after the Battle of Petropavlovsk in the Russian Far East.

text: The Russians decided that in any future war with Britain, their hard-to-defend colony might become a prime target, and would be easily captured. Therefore, the Russian emperor, Alexander II, decided to sell the territory. Perhaps in the hope of starting a bidding war, both the British and the Americans were approached. However, the British expressed little interest in buying Alaska. In 1859 the Russians offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia's greatest regional rival, Great Britain. However, no deal was reached, as the risk of an American Civil War was a more pressing concern in Washington.[2] [3]

text: Grand Duke Konstantin, a younger brother of the Tsar, began to press for the handover of Russian America to the United States in 1857. In a memorandum to Foreign Minister Alexander Gorchakov he stated that

text: we must not deceive ourselves and must foresee that the United States, aiming constantly to round out their possessions and desiring to dominate undividedly the whole of North America will take the afore-mentioned colonies from us and we shall not be able to regain them.[4]

text: This proposal was a topic in the higher echelons of the Russian government throughout 1857 and 1858.[4] Konstantin's letter was shown to his brother, Tsar Alexander II, who wrote "this idea is worth considering" on the front page.[5] Supporters of Konstantin's proposal to immediately withdraw from North America included Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin and the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl. Gorchakov agreed with the necessity of abandoning Russian America, but argued for a gradual process leading to its sale.[5] He found a supporter in the naval minister and former chief manager of the Russian-American Company (RAC), Ferdinand von Wrangel. Wrangel pressed for some proceeds to be invested in the economic development of Kamchatka and the Amur Basin.[5] The Emperor eventually sided with Gorchakov, deciding to postpone negotiations until the end of the RAC's patent, set to expire in 1861.

text: Over the winter of 1859–1860 de Stoeckl held meetings with American officials, though he had been instructed not to initiate discussions about the sale of the RAC assets. Communicating primarily with Assistant Secretary of State John Appleton and Senator William M. Gwin, de Stoeckl reported the interest expressed by the Americans in acquiring Russian America.[5] While President James Buchanan kept these hearings informal, preparations were made for further negotiations.[5] Senator Gwin tendered a hypothetical[clarification needed] offer of five million dollars for the Russian colony, a figure Gorchakov found far too low. De Stoeckl informed Appleton and Gwin of this, the latter saying that his Congressional colleagues in Oregon and California would support a larger figure.[5] Buchanan's increasingly unpopular presidency forced the matter to be shelved until a new presidential election. With the oncoming American Civil War, de Stoeckl proposed a renewal of the RAC's charter. Two of its ports were to be open to foreign traders and commercial agreements with Peru and Chile to be signed to give "a fresh jolt" to the company.[5]

text: Additionally, the Russian Crown sought to repay money to its landowners after its emancipation reform of 1861 and borrowed 15 million pounds sterling from Rothschilds at 5% annually.[6] When the time came to repay the loan, the Russian government was short of funds.

text: Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory.[7] Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters.[8] The negotiations concluded after an all-night session with the signing of the treaty at 04:00 on March 30, 1867,[9] with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($1.8 billion in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74/km2).[1][10]

text: Public opinion in the United States[edit]

text: The notion that the purchase was unpopular among Americans is, a scholar wrote 120 years later, "one of the strongest historical myths in American history. It persists despite conclusive evidence to the contrary, and the efforts of the best historians to dispel it", likely in part because it fits American and Alaskan writers' view of the territory as distinct and filled with self-reliant pioneers.[11] American public opinion was not universally positive; to some the purchase was known as "Seward's folly", or "Seward's icebox." Newspaper editorials contended that taxpayer money had been wasted on a "Polar bear garden". Nonetheless, most newspaper editors argued that the U.S. would probably derive great economic benefits from the purchase; friendship with Russia was important; and it would facilitate the acquisition of British Columbia.[12][13] [14][15] Forty-five percent of newspapers endorsing the purchase cited the increased potential for annexing British Columbia in their support.[7] W. H. Dall in 1872 wrote that "...there can be no doubt that the feelings of a majority of the citizens of the United States are in favor of it..." while referring to purchasing the territories of Russia in America.[16] A review of dozens of newspapers of the day reveals general support for the purchase, especially in California and most of the 48 major newspapers supported the purchase at the time.[11][17]

text: The principal urban newspaper that opposed the purchase was the New York Tribune, published by Seward opponent Horace Greeley. The ongoing controversy over Reconstruction spread to other acts, such as the Alaska purchase. Some opposed the United States obtaining its first non-contiguous territory, seeing it as a colony; others saw no need to pay for land that they expected the country to obtain through manifest destiny.[11] Historian Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer summarized the minority opinion of some American newspaper editors who opposed the purchase:[18]

text: Already, so it was said, we were burdened with territory we had no population to fill. The Indians within the present boundaries of the republic strained our power to govern aboriginal peoples. Could it be that we would now, with open eyes, seek to add to our difficulties by increasing the number of such peoples under our national care? The purchase price was small; the annual charges for administration, civil and military, would be yet greater, and continuing. The territory included in the proposed cession was not contiguous to the national domain. It lay away at an inconvenient and a dangerous distance. The treaty had been secretly prepared, and signed and foisted upon the country at one o'clock in the morning. It was a dark deed done in the night… The New York World said that it was a "sucked orange." It contained nothing of value but furbearing animals, and these had been hunted until they were nearly extinct. Except for the Aleutian Islands and a narrow strip of land extending along the southern coast the country would be not worth taking as a gift… Unless gold were found in the country much time would elapse before it would be blessed with Hoe printing presses, Methodist chapels and a metropolitan police. It was "a frozen wilderness."

text: American ownership[edit]

text: An Aleut name, "Alaska", was chosen by the Americans. This name had earlier, in the Russian era, denoted the Alaska Peninsula, which the Russians had called "Аляска" (Alyaska) (also Alyaksa is attested, especially in older sources).

text: Seward and many other Americans believed that Asia would become an important market for the country's products, and expected that Alaska would serve as a base for American merchant ships. Senator Charles Sumner was unusual in expecting that the territory would be valuable on its own; having studied the records of explorers, he believed that it contained valuable animals and forests.[11] As chair of the Foreign Relations Committee, he sponsored the bill to acquire the territory. Seward told the nation that the Russians estimated that Alaska contained about 2,500 Russians and those of mixed race (that is, a Russian father and native mother), and 8,000 indigenous people, in all about 10,000 people under the direct government of the Russian fur company, and possibly 50,000 Inuit and Alaska Natives living outside its jurisdiction. The Russians were settled at 23 trading posts, placed at accessible islands and coastal points. At smaller stations only four or five Russians were stationed to collect furs from the natives for storage and shipment when the company's boats arrived to take it away. There were two larger towns. New Archangel, now named Sitka, had been established in 1804 to handle the valuable trade in the skins of the sea otter and in 1867 contained 116 small log cabins with 968 residents. St. Paul in the Pribilof Islands had 100 homes and 283 people and was the center of the seal fur industry.[19] The treaty passed the United States Senate with 37 votes for versus 2 opposed.[20]

text: Transfer ceremony[edit]

text: The transfer ceremony took place in Sitka on October 18, 1867. Russian and American soldiers paraded in front of the governor's house; the Russian flag was lowered and the American flag raised amid peals of artillery.

text: A description of the events was published in Finland six years later, written by a blacksmith named T. Ahllund, who had been recruited to work in Sitka only less than two years previously.[21]

text:
“
We had not spent many weeks at Sitka when two large steam ships arrived there, bringing things that belonged to the American crown, and a few days later the new governor also arrived in a ship together with his soldiers. The wooden two-story mansion of the Russian governor stood on a high hill, and in front of it in the yard at the end of a tall spar flew the Russian flag with the double-headed eagle in the middle of it. Of course, this flag now had to give way to the flag of the United States, which is full of stripes and stars. On a predetermined day in the afternoon a group of soldiers came from the American ships, led by one who carried the flag. Marching solemnly, but without accompaniment, they came to the governor's mansion, where the Russian troops were already lined up and waiting for the Americans. Now they started to pull the [Russian double-headed] eagle down, but—whatever had gone into its head—it only came down a little bit, and then entangled its claws around the spar so that it could not be pulled down any further. A Russian soldier was therefore ordered to climb up the spar and disentangle it, but it seems that the eagle cast a spell on his hands, too—for he was not able to arrive at where the flag was, but instead slipped down without it. The next one to try was not able to do any better; only the third soldier was able to bring the unwilling eagle down to the ground. While the flag was brought down, music was played and cannons were fired off from the shore; and then while the other flag was hoisted the Americans fired off their cannons from the ships equally many times. After that American soldiers replaced the Russian ones at the gates of the fence surrounding the Kolosh [i.e. Tlingit] village.
”

text: When the business with the flags was finally over, Captain of 2nd Rank Aleksei Alekseyevich Peshchurov said: "General Rousseau, by authority from His Majesty, the Emperor of Russia, I transfer to the United States the territory of Alaska." General Lovell Rousseau accepted the territory. (Peshchurov had been sent to Sitka as commissioner of the Russian government in the transfer of Alaska.) A number of forts, blockhouses and timber buildings were handed over to the Americans. The troops occupied the barracks; General Jefferson C. Davis established his residence in the governor's house, and most of the Russian citizens went home, leaving a few traders and priests who chose to remain.[22][23]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: After the transfer, a number of Russian citizens remained in Sitka, but very soon nearly all of them decided to return to Russia, which was still possible at the expense of the Russian-American Company. Ahllund's story "corroborates other accounts of the transfer ceremony, and the dismay felt by many of the Russians and creoles, jobless and in want, at the rowdy troops and gun-toting civilians who looked on Sitka as merely one more western frontier settlement." Ahllund gives a vivid account of what life was like for civilians in Sitka under U.S. rule, and it helps to explain why hardly any of the Russian subjects wanted to stay there. Moreover, Ahllund's article is the only known description of the return voyage on the Winged Arrow, a ship especially purchased in order to transport the Russians back to their native country. "The over-crowded vessel, with crewmen who got roaring drunk at every port, must have made the voyage a memorable one." Ahllund mentions stops at the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, Tahiti, Brazil, London, and finally Kronstadt, the port for St. Petersburg, where they arrived on August 28, 1869.[24]

text: American settlers who shared Sumner's belief in the riches of Alaska rushed to the territory, but found that much capital was required to exploit its resources, many of which were also found closer to markets in the contiguous United States. Most soon left; by 1873 Sitka's population had declined from about 2,500 to a few hundred.[11] The United States acquired an area twice as large as Texas, but it was not until the great Klondike gold strike in 1896 that Alaska came to be seen generally as a valuable addition to American territory.

text: The seal fishery was one of the chief considerations that induced the United States to purchase Alaska. It provided considerable revenue to the United States by the lease of the privilege of taking seals, in fact an amount in excess of the price paid for Alaska. From 1870 to 1890, the seal fisheries yielded 100,000 skins a year. The company to which the administration of the fisheries was entrusted by a lease from the U.S. government paid a rental of $50,000 per annum and in addition thereto $2.62½ per skin for the total number taken. The skins were transported to London to be dressed and prepared for world markets. The business grew so large that the earnings of English laborers after the acquisition of Alaska by the United States amounted by 1890 to $12,000,000.[25]

text: However, exclusive U.S. control of this resource was eventually challenged, and the Bering Sea Controversy resulted when the United States seized over 150 sealing ships flying the British flag, based out of the coast of British Columbia. The conflict between the United States and Great Britain was resolved by an arbitration tribunal in 1893. The waters of the Bering Sea were deemed to be international waters, contrary to the U.S.'s contention that they were an internal sea. The U.S. was required to make a payment to Great Britain, and both nations were required to follow regulations which were developed to preserve the resource.[25]

text: Financial return[edit]

text: Economist David R. Barker has argued that the U.S. federal government has not earned a positive financial return on the purchase of Alaska. According to Barker, tax revenue and mineral and energy royalties to the federal government have been less than federal costs of governing Alaska plus interest on the borrowed funds used for the purchase.[26]

text: John M. Miller has taken the argument further, contending that U.S. oil companies that developed Alaskan petroleum resources did not earn profits sufficient to compensate for the risks they have incurred.[27]

text: Other economists and scholars, including Scott Goldsmith and Terrence Cole, have criticized the metrics used to reach those conclusions, noting that most continental Western states would fail to meet the bar of "positive financial return" using the same criteria and contending that looking at the increase in net national income, instead of simply U.S. Treasury revenue, paints a much more accurate picture of the financial return of Alaska as an investment.[28]

text: Alaska Day[edit]

text: In Alaska, Alaska Day celebrates the formal transfer of Alaska from Russia to the United States, which took place on October 18, 1867. The date is by the Gregorian calendar, which came into effect in Alaska the following day to replace the Julian calendar used by the Russians (the Julian calendar in the 19th century was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar). Alaska Day is a holiday for all state workers.[29]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b United States nominal Gross Domestic Product per capita figures follow the Measuring Worth series supplied in Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2017). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 28 July 2017.  These are the figures as of 2016.
Jump up ^ "Purchase of Alaska, 1867". Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Claus-M Naske; Herman E. Slotnick (15 March 1994). Alaska: A History of the 49th State. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-8061-2573-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Russian Opinion on the Cession of Alaska. The American Historical Review 48, No. 3 (1943), pp. 521–531.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bolkhovitinov, Nikolay N. (1990). "The Crimean War and the Emergence of Proposals for the Sale of Russian America, 1853–1861". Pacific Historical Review. 59 (1): 15–49. JSTOR 3640094.
Jump up ^ Кто и как продавал Аляску (Who and how was sold Alaska) Archived 2012-09-11 at the Wayback Machine.. Russian portal.
^ Jump up to: a b Neunherz, R. E. (1989). ""Hemmed In": Reactions in British Columbia to the Purchase of Russian America". The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 80 (3): 101–111. doi:10.2307/40491056. JSTOR 40491056.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Robert C. "The Big Thing". Harp Week. Archived from the original on March 26, 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Seward, Frederick W., Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State. Volume: 3, 1891, p. 348.
Jump up ^ "Treaty with Russia for the Purchase of Alaska". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Haycox, Stephen (1990). "Haycox, Stephen. "Truth and Expectation: Myth in Alaska History". Northern Review. 6. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Welch, Richard E., Jr. (1958). "American Public Opinion and the Purchase of Russian America". American Slavic and East European Review. 17 (4): 481–494. JSTOR 3001132.
Jump up ^ Howard I. Kushner, "'Seward's Folly'?: American Commerce in Russian America and the Alaska Purchase". California Historical Quarterly (1975): 4–26. JSTOR 25157541.
Jump up ^ "Biographer calls Seward's Folly a myth". The Seward Phoenix LOG. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Jones, Preston. "Founding of Anchorage, Alaska" (DVR)|format= requires |url= (help). C-SPAN3.
Jump up ^ Dall, W. H. (1872). "Is Alaska a Paying Investment". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. NY: Harper & Brothers. XLIV: 252.
Jump up ^ photographs, Preston Jones ;; Holland, illustrations edited by Neal (2013). The fires of patriotism : Alaskans in the days of the First World War 1910–1920. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-60223-205-1. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer, A History of the United States since the Civil War (1917)1:541.
Jump up ^ Seward (1869).
Jump up ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875". loc.gov.
Jump up ^ Ahllund, T. (1873/2006).
Jump up ^ Bancroft, H. H., (1885) pp. 590–629.
Jump up ^ Pierce, R. (1990), p 395.
Jump up ^ Richard Pierce, introduction to Ahllund, T., From the Memoirs of a Finnish Workman (2006).
^ Jump up to: a b  Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Sealing". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Jump up ^ Powell, Michael (18 August 2010). "How Alaska Became a Federal Aid Magnet". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Miller, John. The Last Alaskan Barrel: An Arctic Oil Bonanza that Never Was. Caseman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9828780-0-2.
Jump up ^ Powell, Michael (20 August 2010). "Was the Alaska Purchase a Good Deal?". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
Jump up ^ State of Alaska 2014 Holiday Calendar (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2014, retrieved 18 December 2014

text: Further reading[edit]

text:
Bancroft, Hubert Howe: History of Alaska: 1730–1885 (1886).
Dunning, William. A. "Paying for Alaska", Political Science Quarterly Vol. 27, No. 3 (September 1912), pp. 385–398. JSTOR 2141366.
Farrow, Lee A. Seward's Folly: A New Look at the Alaska Purchase (University of Alaska Press, 2016). xiv, 225 pp.
Grinëv, Andrei. V., and Richard L. Bland. "A Brief Survey of the Russian Historiography of Russian America of Recent Years", Pacific Historical Review, May 2010, Vol. 79 Issue 2, pp. 265–278.
Pierce, Richard: Russian America: A Biographical Dictionary, p. 395. Alaska History no. 33, The Limestone Press; Kingston, Ontario & Fairbanks, Alaska, 1990.
Holbo, Paul S (1983). Tarnished Expansion: The Alaska Scandal, the Press, and Congress 1867–1871. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.
Jensen, Ronald (1975). The Alaska Purchase and Russian-American Relations.
Oberholtzer, Ellis (1917). A History of the United States since the Civil War. Vol. 1.  online

text: Primary sources[edit]

text:
Ahllund, T., From the Memoirs of a Finnish Workman, trans. Panu Hallamaa, ed. Richard Pierce, Alaska History, 21 (Fall 2006), 1–25. (Originally published in Finnish in Suomen Kuvalehti (editor-in-chief Julius Krohn) No. 15/1873 (1 August) – No. 19/1873 (1 October)).
Seward, William H. Alaska: Speech of William H. Seward at Sitka, August 12, 1869 (1869; Digitized page images & text), a primary source


document_title: Book of Lamentations

question_text: who wrote the book lamentations in the bible

text: Book of Lamentations

text: Structure[edit]

text: Lamentations consists of five distinct poems, corresponding to its five chapters. The first four are written as acrostics – chapters 1, 2, and 4 each have 22 verses, corresponding to the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet, the first lines beginning with the first letter of the alphabet, the second with the second letter, and so on. Chapter 3 has 66 verses, so that each letter begins three lines, and the fifth poem is not acrostic but still has 22 lines.[5] The purpose or function of this form is unknown.[6]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The book consists of five separate poems. In the first (chapter 1), the city sits as a desolate weeping widow overcome with miseries. In Chapter 2 these miseries are described in connection with national sins and acts of God. Chapter 3 speaks of hope for the people of God: the chastisement would only be for their good; a better day would dawn for them. Chapter 4 laments the ruin and desolation of the city and temple, but traces it to the people's sins. Chapter 5 is a prayer that Zion's reproach may be taken away in the repentance and recovery of the people. The five chapters can be seen as the five truths.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Lamentations has traditionally been ascribed to Jeremiah, probably on the grounds of the reference in 2 Chronicles 35:25 to the prophet composing a lament on the death of King Josiah, but there is no reference to Josiah in the book and no reason to connect it to Jeremiah.[5] The language fits an Exilic date (586–520 BCE), and the poems probably originated from Judeans who remained in the land.[7] Scholars are divided over whether they are the work of one or multiple authors.[7] One clue pointing to multiple authors is that the gender and situation of the first-person witness changes – the narration is feminine in the first and second lamentation, and masculine in the third, while the fourth and fifth are eyewitness reports of Jerusalem's destruction;[8] conversely, the similarities of style, vocabulary, and theological outlook, as well as the uniform historical setting, are arguments for one author.[9]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Lamentations combines elements of the qinah, a funeral dirge for the loss of the city, and the "communal lament" pleading for the restoration of its people.[10] It reflects the view, traceable to Sumerian literature of a thousand years earlier, that the destruction of the holy city was a punishment by God for the communal sin of its people.[6]

text: Beginning with the reality of disaster, Lamentations concludes with the bitter possibility that God may have finally rejected Israel (chapter 5:22). Sufferers in the face of grief are not urged to a confidence in the goodness of God; in fact God is accountable for the disaster. The poet acknowledges that this suffering is a just punishment, still God is held to have had choice over whether to act in this way and at this time. Hope arises from a recollection of God's past goodness, but although this justifies a cry to God to act in deliverance, there is no guarantee that he will. Repentance will not persuade God to be gracious, since he is free to give or withhold grace as he chooses. In the end, the possibility is that God has finally rejected his people and may not again deliver them: if God is predictable, then God is just a tool of humans. Nevertheless, it also affirms confidence that the mercies of Yahweh (the God of Israel) never end, but are new every morning (3:22–33).[11]

text: Later interpretation and influence[edit]

text: The Book of Lamentations is recited annually by Jews on Tisha b'Av (Ninth of Av), the anniversary of the destruction of both of the Jewish Temples.

text: In Western Christianity, readings, chantings, and choral settings of the book are used in the Lenten religious service known as the Tenebrae (Latin for darkness). In the Church of England, readings are used at Morning and Evening Prayer on the Monday and Tuesday of Holy Week, and at Evening Prayer on Good Friday.

text: In the Coptic Orthodox Church, the book's third chapter is chanted on the twelfth hour of the Good Friday service, that commemorates the burial of Jesus.[citation needed]