document_title: Olympic Games ceremony

question_text: which country's team always leads the olympic opening procession

question_tokens: which country 's team always leads the olympic opening procession

text: Olympic Games ceremony

text: Ancient forerunners[edit]

text: The Ancient Games, held in Greece from ca. 776 BC to ca. 393 AD,[2] provide the first examples of Olympic ceremonies. The victory celebration, elements of which are in evidence in the modern-day medal and closing ceremonies, often involved elaborate feasts, drinking, singing, and the recitation of poetry. The wealthier the victor the more extravagant the celebration.[3] The victors were presented with an olive wreath or crown harvested from a special tree in Olympia by a boy, specially selected for this purpose, using a golden sickle.[3] The festival would conclude with the victors making solemn vows and performing ritual sacrifices to the various gods to which they were beholden.[3]

text: There is evidence of dramatic changes in the format of the Ancient Games over the nearly 12 centuries that they were celebrated. Eventually, by roughly the 77th Olympiad, a standard 18-event program was established.[4] In order to open a Games in ancient Greece the organizers would hold an Inauguration Festival. This was followed by a ceremony in which athletes took an oath of sportsmanship. The first competition, an artistic competition of trumpeters and heralds, concluded the opening festivities.[4]

text: Opening[edit]

text: The Olympic opening ceremonies represent the official commencement of an Olympic Games. In recent Olympics, athletic competition began prior to the opening ceremonies. For example, the football competitions for both men and women at the 2008 Summer Olympics began two days prior (August 6) to the opening ceremonies.[5] As mandated by the Olympic Charter, various elements frame the Opening Ceremonies of a celebration of the Olympic Games.[6][7] Most of these rituals were canonized at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium.[8]

text: Artistic program[edit]

text: The artistic program is what creates the idiosyncratic element of each ceremony.[9] Coubertin's initial vision of the Modern Olympics featured both athletic competitions and artistic achievements.[10] As the modern Olympics have evolved into a celebration of sport, it is in the opening ceremonies that one can see the most of Coubertin's ideal. The opening ceremonies are an important ritual of the Olympic games. They represent a wide variety of features such as similar qualities and messages that link together local and global issues, as well as cultural similarities at the same scopes.[11] The artistic program of the ceremonies allows the host country to showcase its past and future in a comprehensive way.[11] The ceremonies typically start with the raising of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem.[6][7] The host nation then presents artistic displays of music, singing, dance, and theater representative of its culture, history, and the current Olympic game motto.[8] Since the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, the artistic presentations have continued to grow in scale and complexity. The opening ceremony at the Beijing Games, for example, reportedly cost US$100 million, with much of the cost incurring in the artistic portion of the ceremony.[12]

text: Parade of Nations[edit]

text: The traditional part of the ceremonies starts with a "Parade of Nations", during which most participating athletes march into the stadium, country by country. It is not compulsory for athletes to participate in the opening ceremonies. Due to the short time interval between the ceremonies and the first events of the Games, many athletes competing in these early events elect not to participate. It is most common for swimmers to forgo the Opening Ceremony because their events are early on the first day of competition and soccer players because they play in different cities outside of the host city.

text: For every Opening Ceremony, each host country has a theme. During the "Parade of Nations", the host country’s goal is to represent their cultural identity and to show the world their place in society. For example, in the 2008 Beijing Olympics the theme was “unity”. On May 12, 2008, a devastating earthquake erupted in Sichuan. As the host country, China wanted to remember this tragic event by having Yao Ming, a Chinese basketball legend, walk hand-in-hand with Lin Hao, a nine-year-old boy who saved some of his classmates during the earthquake.[11]

text: Each country's delegation is led by a sign with the name of their country and by their nation's flag.[6][7] Traditionally, Greece always enters first and leads the parade because of its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, and the host nation enters last.[8][13] All other participating teams enter after Greece and before the host nation, in order according to a language selected by the organizing committee for those games, which is usually the dominant language in the area of the host city. Announcers announce each country's name in English, French and the dominant language of the area of the host city, if neither English nor French is the dominant language.

text: In the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the Greek flag led the parade, while the Greek team entered last, as the host nation; Saint Lucia (Αγία Λουκία in Greek) then entered first. In the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, both Spanish and Catalan were official languages of the games, but due to the political sensitivity surrounding the use of Catalan, the nations entered in French alphabetical order. For unknown reasons, all three games taking place in Japan had the nations enter in English alphabetical order instead of Japanese characters. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, teams were ordered by the number of strokes in the Chinese translation of the team name.[14] In the 2010 Winter Olympics, teams entered in English alphabetical order, although the languages of the Olympics are also the languages of the host country, Canada, because English is the more dominant of the two in Vancouver and in the host province of British Columbia. In the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 2014 Winter Olympics, the countries entered in the Cyrillic alphabetical order, which is the Russian language's official script.

text: Traditional events[edit]

text: After all nations have entered, the President of the Organizing Committee makes a speech, followed by the IOC president. At the end of his speech, he introduces the representative or head of state of the host country who officially declares the opening of the Games. Despite the Games having been awarded to a particular city and not to the country in general, the Olympic Charter presently requires the opener to be the host country's head of state.[15] However, there have been many cases where someone other than the host country's head of state opened the Games. The first example was at the Games of the II Olympiad in Paris in 1900, which had no opening ceremony before as part of the 1900 World's Fair. There are five examples from the United States alone in which the Games were not opened by the head of state.[16]

text: The Olympic Charter provides[15] that the person designated to open the Games should do so by reciting whichever of the following lines is appropriate:

text:
If at the Games of the Olympiad (Summer Olympics): I declare open the Games of [name of the host city] celebrating the [ordinal number of the Olympiad] Olympiad of the modern era.
If at the Winter Games: I declare open the [ordinal number] Olympic Winter Games of [name of the host city].

text: Before 1936, the opening official would often make a short welcoming speech before declaring the Games open. However, since 1936, when Adolf Hitler opened both the Garmisch Partenkirchen Winter Olympics and the Berlin Summer Olympics, the openers have used the standard formula. Recent editions of the Winter Games have seen a trend of using the first version instead of the second, which happened in both the 2002 and 2010[17] Winter Games. There have been four further exceptions to the rule:

text: In 1976, Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, opened the Montreal Olympics (first in French followed by the English) with:

text: I declare open the Olympic Games of 1976, celebrating the XXI Olympiad of the modern era. [18]

text: In 1984, U.S. President Ronald Reagan opened the Los Angeles Summer Olympics with:

text: Celebrating the XXIII Olympiad of the modern era, I declare open the Olympic Games of Los Angeles.[19]

text: In 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush opened the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, which took place five months after the September 11 attacks, with:

text: On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation..., then the standard opening formula followed.

text: In 2012, Elizabeth II, as Queen of the United Kingdom, opened the London Summer Olympics with the same fashion in English, making it the second time that she opened the Games.[20]

text: Next, the Olympic flag is carried horizontally (since the 1960 Summer Olympics) into the stadium and hoisted as the Olympic Hymn is played. The Olympic Charter states that the Olympic flag must "fly for the entire duration of the Olympic Games from a flagpole placed in a prominent position in the main stadium".[15] At most games, the flag has been carried into the stadium by prominent athletes of the host nation, but in 2012, it was carried by an international group of athletes and non-athletes famous for promoting Olympic values, including Muhammad Ali as a symbolic flag-bearer.

text: The flag bearers of all countries then circle a rostrum, where one athlete of the host nation (since the 1920 Summer Olympics), and one judge of the host nation (since the 1972 Summer Olympics) speak the Olympic Oath, declaring they will compete and judge according to the rules of their respective sport.[15] Starting with the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, and continuing with the tradition started at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics a coach from the host nation also speaks the Olympic Oath.

text: Olympic flame[edit]

text: Finally, the Torch is brought into the stadium, passed from athlete to athlete during the torch relay, until it reaches the last carrier; often a well-known athlete from the host nation, who lights the fire in the stadium's cauldron.[6][7] Under IOC rules, the lighting of the Olympic cauldron must be witnessed by those attending the opening ceremony, implying that it must be lit at the location where the ceremony is taking place. Another IOC rule states that the cauldron should be witnessed outside by the entire residents of the entire host city. This was made evident during the opening ceremony for the 2010 Games in Vancouver. The venue chosen as the Olympic Stadium was BC Place, which at the time was an air-supported domed stadium. Since there was no way the cauldron could be displayed outside and also be seen at the stadium, two cauldrons were used. For the first torch lighting inside the stadium the organizers chose three-time speed skating medalist Catriona Le May Doan, Canadian Senator Nancy Greene, who won two medals for Canada at the 1968 Games, NBA star Steve Nash, a native of nearby Victoria, and hockey legend Wayne Gretzky, to each light one of four arms of the torch. Notably, Le May Doan's arm refused to light; this was later rectified during the closing ceremony when she got a second chance to light her part of the torch and succeeded.

text: After the official conclusion of the Opening Ceremony, Gretzky was whisked away to a waiting car which took him to the secondary cauldron. Once there, he lit it to correspond with the tradition of Olympics past.

text: During the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, the cauldron located inside Olympic Stadium (London) was not visible from outside of the stadium. The image of the lit cauldron was projected on the stadiums rooftop screens during the first week of competition,[21] and live footage was available to all broadcast right holders.[22] See List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters.

text: Doves[edit]

text: Beginning at the post–World War I 1920 Summer Olympics, the lighting of the Olympic Flame was followed by the release of doves, symbolizing peace.[23] (Experienced athletes brought newspapers to cover themselves because of the birds' droppings.[24]) The release was discontinued after several doves perched themselves at the cauldron's rim and were burned alive in the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony of the 1988 Summer Olympics.[23] It was later replaced with a symbolic release of doves after the flame has been lit.[6][7]

text: In the 2000 ceremony, a dove image was projected on an enormous white cloth held by the athletes on the stadium floor. In 2004, an LED screen was used. In 2006, acrobats formed the shape of a dove. The 2008 ceremony had fireworks representing doves. In 2010, dove figures were projected on the stage floor. The 2012 ceremony had bicyclists with dove-wings, lit by LEDs. In the 2014 ceremony several dancers, holding strands of blue LED lights, danced on the shape of a dove projected on the stadium floor. In the 2016 ceremony , children with dove shaped kites were seen running with the first Olympic Laurel winner, Kipchoge Keino.

text: Medal presentation[edit]

text: After each Olympic event is completed, a medal ceremony is held. The Summer Games would usually conduct the ceremonies immediately after the event at the respective venues, whereas the Winter editions would present the medals at a nightly victory ceremony held at a medal plaza, excluding the most of indoor events. A three–tiered rostrum is used for the three medal winners, with the gold medal winner ascending to the highest platform, in the centre, with the silver and bronze medalists flanking. The medals are awarded by a member of the IOC.[25] The IOC member is usually accompanied by a person from sports federation governing the sport (such as IAAF in athletics or FINA in swimming), who presents each athlete with a small bouquet of flowers. When the Games were held in Athens in 2004, the medal winners also received olive wreaths in honor of the tradition at the Ancient Olympics. For the Rio Games in 2016, the flowers were replaced by a small 3D model of the Games' logo. After medals are distributed, the flags of the nations of the three medalists are raised. The flag of the gold medalist's country is in the centre and raised the highest while the flag of the silver medalist's country is on the left facing the flags and the flag of the bronze medalist's country is on the right, both at lower elevations than the gold medalist's country's flag. The flags are raised while the national anthem of the gold medalist's country plays.[26] Citizens of the host country also act as hosts during the medal ceremonies. They aid the officials who present the medals and act as flag bearers.[27]

text: Strict rules govern the conduct of athletes during the medal ceremony. For example, they are required to wear only pre-approved outfits that are standard for the athlete's national Olympic team. They are not allowed to display any political affiliation or make a political statement while on the medal stand.[15] The most famous violation of this rule was the Black Power salute of Tommie Smith and John Carlos at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. For their actions, IOC president Avery Brundage demanded their expulsion from the Olympics.[28] If the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) did not comply, then Brundage demanded the removal of the entire track and field team of the United States. The USOC complied with his demands and Smith and Carlos were expelled.[29]

text: As is customary, the men's marathon medals (at the Summer Olympics) or the men's 50 km and woman´s 30 km cross-country skiing medals (at the Winter Olympics) are presented as part of the Closing Ceremony, which take place on the penultimate and the last days, in the Olympic Stadium, and are thus the last medal presentation of the Games.

text: Closing[edit]

text: In contrast to the opening ceremonies, many elements of the Olympic closing ceremonies gradually developed more by tradition than official mandate.[30]

text: Like the opening ceremonies, the closing ceremonies begins with the raising of the host country's flag and a performance of its national anthem.[30] The traditional part of the closing ceremonies starts with the "Parade of Flags",[30] where flag bearers from each participating country enter the stadium in single file. Behind them march all of the athletes without any distinction or grouping by nationality. This "Parade of Athletes",[30] the blending of all the athletes, is a tradition that began during the 1956 Summer Olympics at the suggestion of Melbourne schoolboy John Ian Wing, who thought it would be a way of bringing the athletes of the world together as "one nation." Prior to the 1956 Games, no Olympic Team had ever marched in the closing ceremony of the Modern or the Ancient Games. It was the very first International Peace March ever to be staged.[31][32] (In 2006, the athletes marched in with their countrymen, then dispersed and mingled as the ceremonies went on.)

text: After all the athletes enter the stadium, the final medals ceremony of the Games is held. The organizing committee of the respective host city, after consulting with the IOC, determines which event will have its medals presented.[30] During the Summer Olympics, this is usually the men's marathon.[30] Traditionally, the men's marathon is held in the last hours of competition on the last day of the Olympics, and the race is won just before the start of the closing ceremony. However, recent Summer Olympiads in Atlanta, Beijing,London and Rio staged the marathon in the early morning due to heat problems in the host city. Since the 2006 Winter Olympics, the medals for the men's 50 km cross-country skiing event were presented at the closing ceremony. The medallist's national flags are then hoisted and the national anthem of the gold medallist's country is played.

text: Next, two other national flags are hoisted on flagpoles one at a time while the corresponding national anthems are played: the flag of Greece to honor the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and the flag of the country hosting the next Summer or Winter Olympic Games.[30] In Moscow during the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, the flag raised to represent the next games host was that of the City of Los Angeles instead of the flag of the boycotting-United States.[33] In Sydney and Athens, two Greek flags were raised because Greece was the next games host (in 2000) and in 2004, because Greece was hosting the games. Then, while the Olympic Hymn is played, the Olympic Flag that was hoisted during the opening ceremonies is lowered from the flagpole and carried from the stadium.[30]

text: In what is known as the Antwerp Ceremony (because the tradition began at the Antwerp Games), the mayor of the city that organized the Games transfers a special Olympic Flag to the president of the IOC, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Olympic Games.[15] The receiving mayor then waves the flag eight times. There are four such flags:

text:
The Antwerp flag was presented to the IOC at the 1920 Summer Olympics by the city of Antwerp, Belgium, and was passed on to the next organising city of the Summer Olympics through the 1984 Games in Los Angeles, CA, USA.
The Oslo flag was presented to the IOC at the 1952 Winter Olympics by the city of Oslo, Norway, and is passed on to the next organising city of the Winter Olympics.
The Seoul flag was presented to the IOC at the 1988 Summer Olympics by the city of Seoul, South Korea as a replacement for the Antwerp flag. This flag is used until the 2012 Games in London.
The Rio flag was presented to the IOC at the 2016 Summer Olympics by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a replacement for the Seoul flag. It'll be passed on to the next organising city of the Summer Olympics.

text: This tradition posed a particular challenge at the 2006 Winter Games in Turin, Italy. The flag was passed from Sergio Chiamparino, the mayor of Turin, to Sam Sullivan, the mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Mayor Sullivan, who is a quadriplegic, waved the flag by holding it in one hand and swinging his motorized wheelchair back and forth eight times.[34]

text: The next host nation then introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of that country or city. This tradition began with the 1976 Games.

text: Afterwards, the president of the Organizing Committee makes a speech. The IOC president then makes a speech before closing the Olympics by saying:

text: And now, in accordance with tradition, I declare the Games of the [ordinal number of Summer Olympics] Olympiad/[ordinal number of Winter Olympics] Olympic Winter Games closed; and call upon the youth of the world to assemble four years from now in [name of next host city] to celebrate the Games of the [subsequent ordinal number of Summer Olympics] Olympiad/[subsequent ordinal number of Winter Olympics] Olympic Winter Games.[35][36][37][38]

text: Finally, the Olympic Flame is extinguished, marking the end of the Games.[30]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Wharton, David (16 January 2017). "L.A. organizers propose linked, simultaneous Olympic ceremonies for Coliseum, Inglewood stadium". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ancient Olympic Games". The Olympic Movement. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c Swaddling, Judith (1999). The Ancient Olympic Games. University of Texas Press. pp. 90–93. ISBN 0-292-77751-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Howell, Maxwell L. (1975). "The Ancient Olympic Games:A Reconstruction of the Program". San Diego State University.  |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Complete Olympic Schedule". USA Today. 2008-08-10. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. October 2014. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Fact sheet: Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. October 2014. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The development of the Games – Between festival and tradition" (PDF). The Modern Olympic Games (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2009-09-12. p. 5. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ Arning, Chris (2013), "Soft Power, Ideology and Symbolic Manipulation in Summer Olympic Games Opening Ceremonies: A Semiotic Analysis", Social Semiotics, 23 (4): 523–544, doi:10.1080/10350330.2013.799008
Jump up ^ de Coubertin, Pierre (1997). Olympic Memoirs. International Olympic Committee. ISBN 92-9149-015-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chen, Chwen Chwen; Colapinto, Cinzia; Luo, Qing, "The 2008 Beijing Olympics Opening Ceremony: Visual Insights into China's Soft Power", Visual Studies, 27 (2): 188–195, doi:10.1080/1472586x.2012.677252
Jump up ^ "Beijing Dazzles: Chinese History, on Parade as Olympics Begin". Canadian Broadcasting Centre. 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ Athletes Parade-Opening Ceremony London 2012 Olympics on YouTube
Jump up ^ Walker, Peter (2008-08-08). "Beijing Olympics open with spectacular ceremony". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Olympic Charter" (PDF). The International Olympic Committee. 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ The first case was the St. Louis Games at which David Francis, President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, performed the ceremony; nobody had thought of inviting President Theodore Roosevelt. In 1932, the then-Governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt, opened the III Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid. Later that year the Vice President of the United States, Charles Curtis, opened the Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles, California, stating, however, that he was doing so on behalf of President Herbert Hoover. In 1960, Vice President Richard Nixon was sent by President Dwight Eisenhower to open the VIII Olympic Winter Games in Squaw Valley, California, and finally, in 1980, Vice President Walter Mondale stood in for President Jimmy Carter to open the XIII Olympic Winter Games, also in Lake Placid.
Jump up ^ "Opening Ceremony: 2010 Winter Games declared open". Vancouver 2010. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
Jump up ^ Montreal 1976 Olympics Opening on YouTube
Jump up ^ 1984 LA Opening Ceremonies – Lighting of the Cauldron on YouTube
Jump up ^ Queen Elizabeth Opened London Olympic Games 2012 on YouTube
Jump up ^ http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/cauldron-moved-into-position-olympic-stadium.html
Jump up ^ http://www.london2012.com/media-centre/article=london-2012-olympic-cauldron-moved-into-position-ready-for-athletics-competition.html
^ Jump up to: a b "When messengers of peace were burnt alive". Deccan Herald. 2004-08-13. Archived from the original on 2004-08-29. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ Fraioli, Mario (2010-11-29). "The Best Ever: Exclusive Interview With Jim Ryun". Competitor.com. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Olympic Games – the Medal Ceremonies". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Symbols and Traditions". USA Today. 1999-07-12. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Medal Ceremony Hostess Outfits Revealed". China Daily. 2008-07-18. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ "1968 Black Athletes make silent protest". BBC. 1968-10-17. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Mexico 1968". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Closing Ceremony Factsheet" (PDF). The International Olympic Committee. 2014-09-01. Retrieved 2016-08-23.
Jump up ^ http://www.johnwing.co.uk
Jump up ^ "Melbourne (Equestrian – Stockholm) 1956". British Olympic Association. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
Jump up ^ "Moscow 1980 — Closing Ceremony — Los Angeles and Moscow's flags in the stadium". Olympic.org. August 3, 1980. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Andrew (2008-04-18). "Vancouver Mayor Achieves his Dreams with a Big Heart and Mechanical Help". Disabled World. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
Jump up ^ "Rogge: Torino Games 'truly magnificent'". USA Today. Associated Press. 2006-02-26. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ "Speech by Jacques Rogge at the Closing Ceremony". Beijing 2008. 2008-08-24. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ "Vancouver Winter Olympics lowers curtain with joy and sorrow". Xinhuanet. 2010-03-01. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
Jump up ^ "London 2012: Jacques Rogge praises 'happy and glorious' games". The Daily Telegraph. 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2012-08-13.

text:
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document_title: Fresh water

question_text: where is most of earths fresh water located

root

text: Fresh water

text: Systems[edit]

text: Fresh water habitats are divided into lentic systems, which are the stillwaters including ponds, lakes, swamps and mires; lotic, or running-water systems; and groundwater which flows in rocks and aquifers. There is, in addition, a zone which bridges between groundwater and lotic systems, which is the hyporheic zone, which underlies many larger rivers and can contain substantially more water than is seen in the open channel. It may also be in direct contact with the underlying underground water. The majority of fresh water on Earth is in ice caps.

tag: p

text: Sources[edit]

text: The source of almost all fresh water is precipitation from the atmosphere, in the form of mist, rain and snow. Fresh water falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled. In industrialized areas rain is typically acidic because of dissolved oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed from burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories, trains and aircraft and from the atmospheric emissions of industry. In some cases this acid rain results in pollution of lakes and rivers.

text: In coastal areas fresh water may contain significant concentrations of salts derived from the sea if windy conditions have lifted drops of seawater into the rain-bearing clouds. This can give rise to elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, magnesium and sulfate as well as many other compounds in smaller concentrations.

text: In desert areas, or areas with impoverished or dusty soils, rain-bearing winds can pick up sand and dust and this can be deposited elsewhere in precipitation and causing the freshwater flow to be measurably contaminated both by insoluble solids but also by the soluble components of those soils. Significant quantities of iron may be transported in this way including the well-documented transfer of iron-rich rainfall falling in Brazil derived from sand-storms in the Sahara in north Africa.

text: Water distribution[edit]

text: Water is a critical issue for the survival of all living organisms. Some can use salt water but many organisms including the great majority of higher plants and most mammals must have access to fresh water to live. Some terrestrial mammals, especially desert rodents appear to survive without drinking but they do generate water through the metabolism of cereal seeds and they also have mechanisms to conserve water to the maximum degree.

text: Out of all the water on Earth, saline water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. Only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow, 0.5–0.75% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01% of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers.[2][3] Freshwater lakes contain about 87% of this fresh surface water, including 29% in the African Great Lakes, 22% in Lake Baikal in Russia, 21% in the North American Great Lakes, and 14% in other lakes. Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers, most notably the Amazon River. The atmosphere contains 0.04% water.[4] In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface, fresh water derived from precipitation may, because of its lower density, overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers. Most of the world's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets. Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water, such as deserts.

text: Numerical definition[edit]

text: Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 500 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved salts.[5]

text:
Part of a series on

Water salinity

Salinity levels

Fresh water (< 0.05%)
Brackish water (0.05–3%)
Saline water (3–5%)
Brine (> 5%)

Bodies of water

Seawater • Salt lake • Hypersaline lake • Salt pan • Brine pool • Bodies by salinity

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tag: table

text: Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1000 ppm[6] or 3000 ppm.[7]

text: Aquatic organisms[edit]

text: Fresh water creates a hypotonic environment for aquatic organisms. This is problematic for some organisms with pervious skins or with gill membranes, whose cell membranes may burst if excess water is not excreted. Some protists accomplish this using contractile vacuoles, while freshwater fish excrete excess water via the kidney.[8] Although most aquatic organisms have a limited ability to regulate their osmotic balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies. During these migrations they undergo changes to adapt to the surroundings of the changed salinities; these processes are hormonally controlled. The eel (Anguilla anguilla) uses the hormone prolactin,[9] while in salmon (Salmo salar) the hormone cortisol plays a key role during this process.[10]

text: Many sea birds have special glands at the base of the bill through which excess salt is excreted. Similarly the marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands excrete excess salt through a nasal gland and they sneeze out a very salty excretion.

text: Fresh water as a resource[edit]

text: An important concern for hydrological ecosystems is securing minimum streamflow, especially preserving and restoring instream water allocations.[11] Fresh water is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down-stream ecosystems. Chemical contamination of fresh water can also seriously damage eco-systems.

text: Pollution from human activity, including oil spills and also presents a problem for freshwater resources. The largest petroleum spill that has ever occurred in fresh water was caused by a Royal Dutch Shell tank ship in Magdalena, Argentina, on 15 January 1999, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals.[12]

text: Fresh and unpolluted water accounts for 0.003% of total water available globally.[13]

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: Changing landscape for the use of agriculture has a great effect on the flow of fresh water. Changes in landscape by the removal of trees and soils changes the flow of fresh water in the local environment and also affects the cycle of fresh water. As a result, more fresh water is stored in the soil which benefits agriculture. However, since agriculture is the human activity that consumes the most fresh water,[14] this can put a severe strain on local freshwater resources resulting in the destruction of local ecosystems. In Australia, over-abstraction of fresh water for intensive irrigation activities has caused 33% of the land area to be at risk of salination.[14] With regards to agriculture, the World Bank targets food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that will foster debate.[15]

text: Limited resource[edit]

text: Fresh water is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers, and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation. Locally however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities than is naturally restored, this may result in reduced fresh water availability from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.

text: Fresh water withdrawal[edit]

text: Fresh water withdrawal is the quantity of water removed from available sources for use in any purpose, excluding evaporation losses. Water drawn off is not necessarily entirely consumed and some portion may be returned for further use downstream.

text: Causes of limited fresh water[edit]

text: The increase in the world population and the increase in per capita water use puts increasing strains on the finite resources avialability of clean fresh water The World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality, water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to shifts in the others as well.[16] Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water.[17]

text: Fresh water in the future[edit]

text: Many areas of the world are already experiencing stress on water availability. Due to the accelerated pace of population growth and an increase in the amount of water a single person uses, it is expected that this situation will continue to get worse. A shortage of water in the future would be detrimental to the human population as it would affect everything from sanitation, to overall health and the production of grain.[18]

text: Choices in the use of fresh water[edit]

text: With one in eight people in the world not having access to safe water[19] it is important to use this resource in a prudent manner. Making the best use of water on a local basis probably provides the best solution. Local communities need to plan their use of fresh water and should be made aware of how certain crops and animals use water.

text: As a guide the following tables provide some indicators.

text: Table 1 Recommended basic water requirements for human needs (per person) [20]

text:
Activity
Minimum, litres / day
Range / day

Drinking Water
5
2–5

Sanitation Services
20
20–75

Bathing
15
5–70

Cooking and Kitchen
10
10–50

text: Table 2. Water Requirements of different classes of livestock [21]

text:
Animal
Average / day
Range / day

Dairy cow
76 L (20 US gal)
57 to 95 L (15 to 25 US gal)

Cow-calf pair
57 L (15 US gal)
8 to 76 L (2 to 20 US gal)

Yearling cattle
38 L (10 US gal)
23 to 53 L (6 to 14 US gal)

Horse
38 L (10 US gal)
30 to 53 L (8 to 14 US gal)

Sheep
8 L (2 US gal)
8 to 11 L (2 to 3 US gal)

text: Table 3 Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs [22]

text:
Crop
Crop water needs mm / total growing period

Banana
1200–2200

Barley/Oats/Wheat
450–650

Cabbage
350–500

Citrus
900–1200

Onions
350–550

Pea
350–500

Potato
500–700

Sugar Cane
1500–2500

Tomato
400–800


document_title: Wild 'n Out

question_text: when does season 12 wild n out come out

question_tokens: when does season 12 wild n out come out

text: Wild 'n Out

text: Premise[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Similar in premise to shows such as Whose Line Is It Anyway?, the series puts two teams of comedians against each other in a series of Wild 'n Out games which are all basically "improvisational" comedy games. The Teams are the "Red Squad", which was the team name until season 5 where they became the "Platinum Squad" and were permanently captained by Cannon; and the "Black Squad", led by a celebrity guest until season 7 where the situation was reversed with Cannon becoming the Black Squad team captain and the celebrity guest leading the Platinum Squad. For season 8, the colors were revamped once again with the Gold Squad replacing the Black Squad. The Gold Squad is led by Cannon while the celebrity guest remains captain of the Platinum Squad. However starting in Season 9, Nick returned to leading his original Red Squad team color while the Black Squad team color returned also.

text: After three such games, the two teams square off against each other in the final round of the game called 'WildStyle', in which they must deliver a punchline directed at their opponent's team member(s) within a freestyle rap. The comedians "beef" with each other; however, some are impersonal jokes. Although similar to Whose Line, the "points don't matter", the teams score one point per round victory during the normal rounds, plus one point per favorably judged punchline during 'Wild Style', which makes it similar in format to the improv show ComedySportz.[6]

text: Each episode also includes a musical performance, occasionally by the guest captain for the Black/Platinum Squad (Nick Cannon performed with Migos in Season 6 in the episode featuring Chanel Iman). At times, the musical guest comes out just before 'Wild Style' as the judge for the beefs. Major changes were implemented for the second season including shifting the show location to Hollywood and the teams now compete for a "Wild 'n Out" Championship belt which if the Black Squad wins, the team captain gets to take home.

text: Production[edit]

text: For the first four seasons, the show filmed from Los Angeles/Hollywood and aired on MTV. The first run episodes were suspended as Mr. Renaissance Entertainment became Ncredible Entertainment in 2012. Upon being revived in 2012, the show was produced in New York City and aired on MTV2 during Seasons 5–7, it also returned to that location for Season 9. In 2016, the show returned to airing new episodes on MTV and also for the first time since Season 4, production is in Los Angeles.

text: The "Wild 'n Out Theme Song" for Seasons 1–4 was produced by Fatman Scoop. The theme music for Season 5 onward was created by Cannon himself, with a new remixed version made for Season 8.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Season 1–4[edit]

text:
Nick Cannon
DJ D-Wrek
Affion Crockett
Alanna Ubach
Biz Markie
Brandon T. Jackson
Cameron Goodman
Carlos "Spanky" Hayes
Christine Lakin
Clinton Sparks
Corey Holcomb
Darrel Heath
Deon Cole
DeRay Davis
Dominique
Earthquake
Gene Hong
Guy Torry
Jackie Long
John Brown
Joshua Funk
Katt Williams
Kevin Hart
Leonard Robinson
Loni Love
Luenell
Marques Ray
Mikey Day
Nic Nac
Nyima Funk
Randall Park
N. Shiver
Rasika Mathur
Rob Hoffman
Scruncho
$hamrock
Taran Killam

tag: ul

text: Seasons 5–7[edit]

text:
Nick Cannon
DJ D-Wrek
Aarona Lopez
Akaash Singh
Anthony "Chico" Bean
B-Daht
Blair Christian
Carlos "Spanky" Hayes
Chaunte Wayans
Conceited
Corey Holcomb
Darren Brand
DC Young Fly
DeRay Davis
DoBoy
Emmanuel Hudson
Esther Ku
Hitman Holla
Hunter Steibel
Jack Thriller
Jacob Williams
James Davis
Jon Gabrus
Jess Hilarious
Karlous Miller
King Bach
Kojo
Lauren Flans
Matt Rife
Mikey Day
Natasha Rothwell
Pete Davidson
Rasika Mathur
Rip Micheals
Rosa Acosta
Shak Standley
Shawty
TattooManPaige
Timothy DeLaGhetto
Will "Spank" Horton
LuiFromDaRock

text: Season 8-present[edit]

text:
Nick Cannon
DJ D-Wrek
Chico Bean
B-Daht
Becky "Pickles" Robinson
Sharha Daganta
B.Simone
Blair Christian
Alan Landaverde
Bobb'e J. Thompson
Charlie Clips
Corey Charron
Cristian Oliveras
Conceited (rapper)
Corey Holcomb
Julia Young
Cynthia LuCiette
Darren Brand
DC Young Fly
DeRay Davis
Dewayne Perkins
DoBoy
Elgin "Davisito" David
Emmanuel Hudson
Funny Mike
Hitman Holla
Jack Thriller
Jacob Williams
Jess Hilarious
Burpie
Jon Gabrus
Justina Valentine
Karlous Miller
Lil' JJ
Matt Rife
Michael Blackson
Nate Jackson
Rip Micheals
Ross Bryant
Royce
Renny
Timothy DeLaGhetto
Tonio Skits
Watts Homiequan
Vena E
Zoie[disambiguation needed]

text: Games[edit]

text:
World's Worst: a game where the world best goes wrong; introduced in Season 1 in an episode featuring SNL comedian, Kenan Thompson.
You Can't Say That: A game where the most inappropriate thing is said on live TV; this game was first introduced in Season 1 in an episode featuring Wu-Tang Clan member, Method Man.
Let Me Holla: Members from each team use a pick up line on a Wild'n Out girl. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
The Interrogation Game: an improv comedy game of interrogating an unknown suspect and the suspect must give out a clue of who they are. This was used in Season 1 by Christina Milian.
The Hating Game: a comedic version of the Dating Game with bad intentions heard about the bachelors. Used in Season 1 featuring guest team captain, Fonzworth Bentley.
Before and After: A game where one person from each team is giving a category as he/she must act out a person or thing before and after.
Tore Up from the Floor Up: A game where people from the audience are called to walk the runway as the teams clown about the outfits. the team with funny lines, earn bells. Buzzers for non-funny jokes.
Celebrity Death Battle: an improv game where two people rhyme as the celebrities shown in a picture.
Turn Up For What: A member from each team shout "Turn up......" The audience then ask "Turn up for what?" If the reply is funny, music is played; if it's unfunny, they get crickets. The team with the most points wins.
Got Props: Each team is given a prop and has to use it in a scenario. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
That's My Dog: A game where two people of the same team (one the owner of the dog and the other as the dog) must come to an understanding of clues DJ D-Wrek gives out. First introduced in Season 1 by principal cast member (later guest team captain), Kevin Hart.
Unhappily Ever After: A funny take on fairy tales with bad endings. Used in Season 1 by guest team captain, Kanye West.
Remix: Each team has to remix a nursery rhyme or a song of some sort. The audience decides the winner after.
Trap N Out: an alternative version of Remix first introduced in Wild N' Out Season 8 when Migos were team captains/performers.
R and Beef: Each team has to make a R&B song from audience suggestions or problems. The audience decides the winner after.
Rock N Beef: An alternative version of R & Beef used in an episode featuring Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy.
Pie or Die: Each member is given a word and has to use it correctly in a freestyle rap. If they use it correctly, they gain a bell. If they don't use it correctly, screw up the rap by forgetting what to say next, they get a pie to the face. The team with the most bells wins.
Talking Spit: The team captains sit down and fill their mouth with water. Opposite members of each team try to make them laugh. The team that has the most spits loses.
Pillow Talk: An alternative version of Talkin' Spit using pillows in substitution of water bottles and a bucket. This concept was used in an episode featuring Victoria's Secret model Chanel Iman.
Family Reunion: Each member of each team have to introduce a member of the audience as their "family member" and if the introduction is funny they get a bell, if it's unfunny they get a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
Eat Dat Ass Up: Each team is given a random dance to do. The team that does it the best wins.
Plead the Fifth: The team captain of both teams sit in a cage and are asked questions by the opposing members. The captains have to answer the questions truthfully. The only way to get out of answering the question is saying "I plead the fifth". The team who pleads the fifth the most loses.
Now You Wild Out: Each team is given a place to rap a description about what to do at the place and end with punchline "Now You Wild Out" and its keep going until one team can't think of a rhyme. The team with the most points wins.
Pick up and Kill it: One person from each team is rap battling about a specific topic. The team with most points wins.
Flow Job: One member of each team must freestyle rap about the occupation they are given to a Wild 'n Out girl. If she gets it, they earn a bell, and if she doesn't, they get a buzzer.
Twerk Work: Teams make up twerk songs based on occupation suggestions from twitter. The audience decides the winner after.
Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: Members from each team use their best breaking up technique on a wild'n out girl. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
So Fly: Members from each team compliment their captain. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
So Ballin': an alternative version of So Fly used in Season 4 by rap artist, Jim Jones.
Late Night Questions: A game were one person ask a question in bed causing the other to be uncomfortable.
Star Sightings: Members from each team go out and find people in the audience that look like stars. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
Who's On The Pole: Members from each team can say jokes about audience members who go up on stage and dance on the pole. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's not funny, you get nothing. The team with the most points wins.
Bail Me Out: Members from each team try to get their captain to say which celebrity they are trying to be. The team that gets the most right wins.
Wildagram: DJ D-Wrek will give each team a celebrity name and they got 15 seconds to act out their "Wildagram" post. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.
Instaham: Photo of a celebrity will be shown on the screen and the cast members have to explain what happened with a funny punchline. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins. This game was introduced in Season 1 as Snap on the Shots with guest team captain, Eva Pigford.
Hood Jeopardy: Jeopardy with a twist, each team member can go up and say the answer to whats on screen. If it's funny, it gets a bell; if it's unfunny, it gets a buzzer. The team with the most points wins.

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
No.
Team captain
Writer
Performer/guest
Original airdate
No. in total

1

"Orlando Jones"
Nick Cannon
Cassidy/Biz Markie
July 28, 2005

1

The first episode sets up the whole season. The start off the show by playing "The Questions Game", in which the Black and Red team can only ask each other questions. Orlando Jones comes up with a funny question, "Did Yo Mamma tell you?", and wins it for the Black Team. The second game they play is "Tore up from the Floor Up". They bring people out of the audience that they think look funny and make fun of them. During this game Robert Hoffman strips nearly all the way down, leaving his underwear and his long, white, grey-on-the-tip socks. Robert Hoffman seems to love being in his socks, and leaves his shoes off for a while. Hoffman's team wins that round. The 3rd game is a game called "I’m On the List!", wherein the Black Team and the Red Team have to act out celebrity personalities and the team captains have to figure out who the impression is of, then let that "celebrity" into the club. The Red Team wins the 3rd game. And the last game is called "Wild Style". The cast has to go head to head free styling each other and making punch lines. Who ever is the funniest wins the whole game. The Red Team Wins the whole thing! Cassidy comes through and plays "I'm A Hustla" from his album I'm A Hustla.

2

"Christina Milian"
Nick Cannon
Common
August 4, 2005

2

Nick Cannon on the Red Team goes against Christina Millian on the Black Team to see who can win. Christina Millian tries to take Nick Cannon's comedy crown. They play "Talkin' Spit", "The Interrogation Game", "R&Beef" and "Wild Style" like they do at the end of the show every night. Nick Cannon's Red Team wins at the end of the show. Common Performs "Go" from his album BE and break dances on the floor with Affion Crockett, one of the stars off "Nick Cannon Presents: Wild N' Out".

3

"Ying Yang Twins"
Nick Cannon
Ying Yang Twins
August 11, 2005

3

In this episode the Ying Yang Twins are the captain of the Black Team. In the first game called "Got Props?" the team members get a prop and use them to do funny things. The Black Team wins that round. In the next round called "Star Sightings" the two teams have to go out in the audience and find people that look like celebrities, but do it in a funny way. The Red Team wins that round. Up next is funny game called "That's My Dog", 1 person from each team has to be a dog, they only can bark and act out things, but they can’t speak. And the other person from each team has to find out what the dog is saying. The Black Team wins that game. In the last round called "Wild Style", the teams go head to head and do funny punch lines. The Red team wins that round, so that means they win the whole thing. Afterwards the Ying Yang Twins perform their hit song "Wait (The Whisper Song)" from their CD USA (United States of Atlanta).

4

"Kanye West"
Nick Cannon
Kanye West/Tracee Ellis Ross
August 18, 2005

4

This week's episode is with Kanye West, he is the captain of the Black Team. The first game is called "Tore up from the Floor Up", the teammates go out into the audience and get people that they think looks funny and sends them on stage and make punch lines about them. The Black Team wins that round. Next up is a game called "The Hating Game", it's like the dating game but the woman picks the guy that she hates the most by their lines. Tracee Ross plays the lady that pick between two guys that she hates the most. The Red Team wins that one. In this round they play a game called the "Unhappily Ever After" game, the audience comes up with a story that the cast comes up with that doesn’t end "Happily Ever After". The Red Team wins that. In the "Wildstyle" round Kanye West and Nick Cannon's team goes against each other making punch lines as they go along. Kanye's Black Team wins the whole thing. At the end Kanye hypes the crowd with a song from his "Late Registration" album called "Diamonds of Sierra Leone".

5

"Eva Pigford"
Nick Cannon
T.I. & P$C
August 25, 2005

5

This time the Black Team captain is Eva Pigford. She was along her protege Chynna Terrell. In the first game "Snap on the Shots", the team members off each team make jokes of pictures that come up on a screen: if it's funny, they get a ding; if it's not they get a buzzer. The Black Team wins that round. The 2nd game 1 person from each team has to sit in a chair and put water in his or her mouth, one of the people from each team and has to say something funny so that the other person can spit the water out of their mouth and win a point. The Red Team takes that round. The 3rd game is "60 Second Sequel" where the audience screams out a movie so that the team members can make a sequel to it. If the audience screams loud for a team that team wins. The Red team wins that round. In the last round "Wildstyle" the two teams go head to head making punch lines; the Red Team wins the last round. At the end T.I. and P$C perform "Set It Out".

6

"Kenan Thompson"
Nick Cannon
The Pussycat Dolls
September 1, 2005

6

This episode Kenan Thompson comes through and is the captain of the Black Team. In the 1st game "World's Worst" the team members have to do a skit and make fun of things that a person can do the worst of. The Red Team wins that round. The next game is called "Star Sightings": the two teams go out and find people in the audience that look like stars. In the 3rd game called "Unhappily Ever After", the team members make a skit of stories that end happily ever after, but the team has to make their ending unhappy and funny. The Red Team wins. In the last game "Wildstyle" they go against each other making funny punch lines. The Red Team wins it all. At the end The Pussycat Dolls perform their hit single "Don’t Cha".

7

"Fonzworth Bentley"
Nick Cannon
Trillville/Vanessa Minnillo
September 8, 2005

7

In this episode Farnsworth Bentley is the captain of the Black Team. In the first game called "Got Props?" the Wild N’ Out members have to do something funny with the props that are given to them. The Black Team takes that round. In the next game "Tore up from the Floor Up" the cast goes out and finds people they think are funny and send them on stage to make fun of them and how they are dressed. The Black Team wins that one. TRL’S host Vanessa Minnillo selects the Red Team as she plays the game "The Hating Game"; the Red Team wins that round. In the last round "Wildstyle" the Black Team wins overall. After the show Trillville plays a hit song from their album Some Cut.

8

"Omarion"
Nick Cannon
Lil Wayne
September 15, 2005

8

In the 8th episode Omarion is the captain of the Black Team. In the first game "World's Worst" the members do things that people can be the worst at; the Red Team wins the 1st round. In the 2nd round they play a game called "Do Dat Dance". DJ D-Wrek has to come up with a new dance move and the cast has to create it.  The Red Team wins again. In the next game called "Deaf Jam" they have to play out a song without saying any words, and their teammate has to figure it out. The Red Team wins this round too. In the last game "Wildstyle" everyone pitches in and goes against others. The Black team wins overall. Lil’ Wayne performs "Earthquake" after the show.

9

"Kevin Hart"
Nick Cannon
David Banner
September 22, 2005

9

Kevin Hart joins his black team crew in a game called "That's My Dog". That's where one teammate has to be a dog and the other has to be a person who tries to figure out what the person is saying. The Black Team wins that round. The next round DJ D-Wrek explains "The Questions Game" where a Red teammate and a Black teammate have to keep asking questions, and if one teammate doesn't know a question to ask the other team wins the point. The Red Team wins the round. In the next game "60 Second Sequel" both of the teams are giving a movie to make a sequel to. The Black Team wins that round. In the last round "WildStyle", at the end the black team wins. David Banner gets the crowd hyped with a song.

10

"Method Man"
Nick Cannon
Lil Scrappy
September 29, 2005

10

Method Man comes through, captain of the Black Team. They start it off playing the game "You Can't Say That Shit" were you can say bad things but not make it obvious you are saying it. The Black Team wins that. The next game they play is called "Star Sighting" where the person has to find an audience member that looks like a celebrity. The Black Team wins. Next up is the "R&Beef Game"; you have to sings songs that are really funny. The Black Team wins that one. At the end they play the "WildStyle" game. The Red Team wins the whole thing. Lil' Scrappy then performs "No Problem".

text: Season 2[edit]

text: The 2nd season contains a total of 10 episodes which were broadcast from February 2 to April 6, 2006 on MTV.

text:
Lil Jon (Team Captain & Performer)
Tyra Banks (Team Captain)
Cedric the Entertainer (Team Captain)
Marques Houston (Team Captain)
Rev Run (Team Captain)
Kelly Rowland (Team Captain)
Mike Jones (Team Captain & Performer)
Charlie Murphy (Team Captain)
Wayne Brady (Team Captain)
Mike Epps (Team Captain)
Ne-Yo     (Performer)
Sean Paul (Performer and special referee for WildStyle)
Three 6 Mafia (Performers)
Dem Franchize Boyz with Jermaine Dupri & Da Brat (Performers)
Young Jeezy with Akon (Performers)
Rhymefest (Performer for WildStyle)
Bobby Brown (Joined Red Squad for the game R & Beef in the Marques Houston episode)
Joy Bryant (Bachelorette for The Hating Game in the Mike Epps episode)
Rich Boy (Performer)
Busta Rhymes (Performer)
Paul Wall (Performer)
Pitbull (Performer)

text: Season 3[edit]

text: The 3rd season contains a total of 8 episodes which were broadcast from August 10 to October 5, 2006 on MTV.

text:
Big Boi (Team Captain & Performer)
Fat Joe (Team Captain)
Andy Milonakis (Team Captain)
Warren Sapp (Team Captain)
Jamie Kennedy (Team Captain)
E-40 (Team Captain & Performer)
Ray J (Team Captain)
Talib Kweli (Team Captain)
Purple Ribbon All-Stars (Performers; member Killer Mike was a guest judge for WildStyle)
Chamillionaire with Krayzie Bone (Performers)
Method Man (Performer)
Lupe Fiasco (Performer)
Field Mob (Performers)
Clipse and Pharrell (Performers)
Yung Joc (Performer)
Lil Jon (Judge for Remix in the Big Boi episode)
Nicole "Hoopz" Alexander (Judge for Let Me Holla in the E-40 episode)

text: Season 4[edit]

text: The 4th season contains a total of 20 episodes which were broadcast from May 12 to September 6, 2007 on MTV.

text:
Snoop Dogg (Team Captain & Performer)
Ne-Yo (Team Captain & Performer)
Lloyd (Team Captain & Performer)
Steve-O (Team Captain)
Fabolous (Team Captain & Performer)
Brooke Hogan (Team Captain)
Redman (Team Captain & Performer)
Swizz Beatz (Team Captain & Performer)
Tara Reid (Team Captain)
Young Buck (Team Captain & Performer)
Pauly Shore (Team Captain)
Jim Jones (Team Captain & Performer)
Serena Williams (Team Captain)
Common (Team Captain & Performer)
Terry Crews (Team Captain)
Paula DeAnda (Team Captain)
Big Boy (Team Captain)
Sommore (Team Captain)
Bruce Bruce (Team Captain)
Katt Williams (Team Captain)
Big Daddy Kane (Performer)
Three 6 Mafia (Performers)
Izzy Battle (Performer)
Nate Dogg (Performer)
The Fixxers (Performers & Judges for Wildstyle in the Pauly Shore episode)
Crime Mob (Performers)
Pretty Ricky (Performers)
Baby Boy da Prince (Performer & Judge for Wildstyle in the Paula DeAnda episode)
Unk (Performer)
Mike Jones (Performer)
Paul Wall (Performer)
Huey (Performer)
Lil Jon (Special Guest in the Common episode)
Liz Hernandez (bachelorette for the Hating Game in the Big Boy episode)

text: Season 5[edit]

text: The 5th season contains a total of 12 episodes which were broadcast from July 9 to September 24, 2013 on MTV2.

text:
Kevin Hart (Team Captain )
Mac Miller (Team Captain & Performer)
2 Chainz (Team Captain & Performer)
Vinny Guadagnino (Team Captain)
French Montana (Team Captain & Performer)
A$AP Rocky (Team Captain & Performer)
Amar'e Stoudemire (Team Captain)
Lil Duval (Team Captain)
Chanel West Coast (Team Captain)
Joe Budden (Team Captain & Performer)
Machine Gun Kelly (Team Captain & Performer)
DJ Khaled (Performer)
Talib Kweli (Performer)
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (Performers)
Joey Badass (Performer)
Pusha T (Performer)
Kirko Bangz (Performer)
Mike Epps (Special Guest)
Cast of Guy Code (Special Guests)
Mariah Carey (Special Guest)
Big Boi (Special Guest)
Styles P (Special Guest)

text: Season 6[edit]

text: The 6th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from July 2, 2014 to February 4, 2015 on MTV2.

text:
Rick Ross (Team Captain & Performer)
Nelly (Team Captain & Performer)
Skylar Diggins (Team Captain)
Bow Wow (Team Captain)
Chrissy Teigen (Team Captain)
Austin Mahone (Team Captain & Performer)
Riff Raff (Team Captain & Performer)
Asher Roth (Team Captain)
Tech N9ne (Team Captain & Performer)
Amber Rose (Team Captain)
Brandon T. Jackson (Team Captain)
Maino (Team Captain)
Chanel Iman (Team Captain)
Peter Gunz (Team Captain)
Sage The Gemini (Team Captain & Performer)
Adrian Broner (Team Captain)
Meek Mill (Performer)
Vic Mensa (Performer)
Que (Performer)
PWD (Performers)
Troy Ave (Performer)
Krizz Kaliko (Performer)
Wiz Khalifa (Performer)
Wonder Broz (Performers)
Yo Gotti (Performer)
Rich Homie Quan (Performer)
Migos (Performers)
Angel Haze (Performer)
Michael Strahan (Special Guest)
Drita D'Avanzo (Special Guest)
MURS (Special Guest)
Jim Jones (Special Guest)
Jessica White (Special Guest)

text: Season 7[edit]

text: The 7th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 10, 2015 to January 6, 2016 on MTV2. There are also stand up specials after the episodes in this season are finished.

text:
Fabolous (Team Captain & Performer)
Rae Sremmurd (Team Captains & Performers)
T-Pain (Team Captain & Performer)
Pete Wentz (Team Captain)
Zendaya (Team Captain)
Ne-Yo (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
Nick Young (Team Captain)
Ty Dolla $ign (Team Captain & Performer)
Mack Wilds (Team Captain)
DJ Drama (Team Co-Captain)
DeJ Loaf (Team Captain & Performer)
A$AP Ferg (Team Captain & Performer)
Jordin Sparks (Team Captain)
Snoop Dogg (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
Shaquille O'Neal (Team Captain)
Ray J (Team Captain)
Remy Ma (Team Captain)
Tiny Lister, Jr. (Team Captain)
Fat Joe (Team Captain & Performer)
Fetty Wap (Performer)
French Montana (Performer)
O.T. Genasis (Performer)
Migos (Performers)
K Camp (Performer)
Hitman Holla & Conceited (Performers)
Kevin Hart (Special Guest)
Safaree Samuels (Special Guest)
A-Town & Snacks (Special Guests)
IceJJFish (Special Guest)
Hailey Clauson (Special Guest)
Arsonal Da Rebel (Special Guest)
Lil Duval (Special Guest & Performer)
The Breakfast Club (Special Guests)
The Kid Mero & Desus (Special Guests)

text: Season 8[edit]

text: The 8th season contains a total of 21 episodes which were broadcast from August 4, 2016 to April 20, 2017 on MTV, marking the first time in almost a decade that the show aired new episodes on its original network.

text:
Tyga (Team Captain & Performer)
Iggy Azalea (Team Captain & Performer)
Waka Flocka Flame (Team Captain)
Travis Scott (Team Captain & Performer)
Bella Thorne (Team Captain)
Jadakiss (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
T.I. (Team Captain & Performer)
Young Dro (Team Co-Captain)
Lil Dicky (Team Captain & Performer)
Keke Palmer (Team Captain)
Erykah Badu (Team Co-Captain)
Timbaland (Team Captain)
Stevie J & Joseline Hernandez (Team Captains)
2 Chainz (Team Captain & Performer)
K. Michelle (Team Captain)
Flo Rida (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
Trevor Jackson (Team Captain)
Chris Paul (Team Captain)
Samantha Hoopes (Team Captain)
Trina (Team Captain & Performer)
Lil Bibby (Team Captain)
Migos (Team Captains & Performers)
Faizon Love (Team Captain)
Deontay Wilder (Team Captain)
Omarion (Team Captain & Performer)
Tate Kobang (Performer)
Curren$y (Performer)
Kehlani (Performer)
Yo Gotti (Performer)
DRAM (rapper) (Performer)
ILoveMemphis (Performer)
Jeremih (Performer)
Dreezy (Performer)
2 Milly (Performer)
Tory Lanez (Performer)
Scott Disick (Special Guest)
Travis Mills (Special Guest)
Erica Mena (Special Guest)
DJ Whoo Kid (Special Guest)
Russell Simmons (Special Guest)
Rachel Hilbert (Special Guest)
Mack Wilds (Special Guest)
Too $hort (Special Guest)
Lyfe Jennings (Special Guest)
Les Twins (Special Guests)
Jay Leno (Special Guest)
Antonio Cromartie (Special Guest)
Lance Stephenson (Special Guest)
Don Benjamin (Special Guest)
Russell Peters (Special Guest)
Ta'Rhonda Jones (Special Guest)
Safaree Samuels (Special Guest)

text: Season 9[edit]

text: The 9th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 29 to October 5, 2017 on MTV.

text:
Chance the Rapper (Team Captain & Performer)
Vic Mensa (Team Captain & Performer)
Dave East (Team Captain & Performer)
Nev Schulman (Team Co-Captain)
Lil Yachty  (Team Captain & Performer)
Blac Chyna (Team Captain)
The Cast of The New Edition Story (Team Captains)
Tami Roman (Team Captain)
Remy Ma (Team Captain)
Papoose (Team Co-Captain)
Killer Mike (Team Captain)
Young M.A (Team Captain & Performer)
Rick Ross  (Team Captain & Performer)
Jake Miller (Team Captain & Performer)
Lil Rel Howery (Team Captain)
LeSean McCoy (Team Captain)
DJ Self (Team Captain)
Wendy Williams (Team Captain)
Saba (Performer)
It's A Movie (Performer)
Nick Grant (Performer)
Lecrae (Performer)
Hitman Holla & Conceited (Performers)
Run the Jewels (Performers)
Ayo & Teo (Performers)
Kid the Wiz, SNS & The Waffle Crew (Performers)
Kodie Shane (Performer)
Blac Youngsta (Performer)
Terrence Jenkins (Special Guest)
Method Man (Special Guest)
Dick Gregory (Special Guest)
Naturi Naughton (Special Guest)
YesJulz (Special Guest)
Shameik Moore (Special Guest)
Mia Kang (Special Guest)
Todrick Hall (Special Guest)
Demaris Lewis (Special Guest)
Cipha Sounds (Special Guest)

text: Season 10[edit]

text: The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV.

text:
Desiigner (Team Captain & Performer)
Wu-Tang Clan (Team Captains & Performers)
Serayah (Team Captain & Performer)
Santa Claus (Team Captain)
Pete Davidson (Team Captain)
PnB Rock (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
Machine Gun Kelly (Team Captain & Performer)
Ayo & Teo (Team Captains & Performers)
Keyshia Cole (Team Captain & Performer)
Fabolous (Team Captain & Performer)
Elijah Kelley (Team Co-Captain)
The Combs Brothers (Team Captains & Performers)
Tee Grizzley (Team Captain & Performer)
Wyclef Jean (Team Captain & Performer)
Kyle (Team Captain & Performer)
Gary Owen (Team Captain)
A Boogie wit da Hoodie (Team Captain & Performer)
Don Q (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
A$AP Mob (Team Captains & Performers)
Jacquees (Performer)
21 Savage (Performer)
Kranium (Special Guest)
Sommer Ray (Special Guest)
Fatboy SSE (Special Guest)
Slick Woods (Special Guest)
DeRay Davis (Special Guest)
Smokepurpp (Special Guest)
Sara Sampaio (Special Guest)
Sky (Special Guest)
Kid The Wiz (Special Guest)
Yvng Swag (Special Guest)
CyHi The Prynce (Special Guest)

text: Season 11[edit]

text: The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018.

text:
Angela Rye (Red Team - IWD special)
Tameka Cottle (Red Team - IWD special)
Ally Brooke (Black Team/Performer - IWD special)
Dreezy (Black Team - IWD special)
Rasika Mathur (Black Team - IWD special)
Tami Roman (Black Team - IWD special)
The Cast of All That (Team Captains)
PRETTYMUCH (Team Captains & Performers)
Laurie Hernandez (Team Captain)
Rick Ross (Team Captain & Performer)
Tyga (Team Captain & Performer)
T.I. (Team Captain & Performer)
Tokyo Jetz (Team Co-Captain & Performer)
K Dub (Team Co-Captain)
Keke Palmer (Team Captain & Performer)
Baby Ariel (Team Captain)
Dolph Ziggler (Team Captain)
Prince Royce (Team Captain & Performer)
Amara La Negra (Team Captain)
Bobby Lytes (Team Co-Captain)
Blac Youngsta (Team Captain & Performer)
Winnie Harlow (Team Captain)
Rachel Lindsay (Team Captain)
DreamDoll (Team Captain)
Matt Barnes (Team Captain)
Mariahlynn (Team Co-Captain)
Justine Skye (Team Captain & Performer)
Affion Crockett (Team Captain)
Mikey Day (Team Captain)
Trick Daddy (Team Captain)
Topic (Performer - IWD special)
SOB X RBE (Performer)
Yvng Swag (Performer)
BJ The Chicago Kid (Performer)
Rich the Kid (Performer)
Derez Deshon (Performer)
Rapsody (Performer)
Kent Jones (Performer)
Roy Woods (Performer)
Kap G (Performer)
Jack & Jack (Performer)
Famous Dex (Performer)
Maino (Performer)
Shameik Moore (Recurring Guest)
Vic Mensa (Recurring Guest & Performer)
MC Lyte (Special Guest - IWD special)
Nafessa Williams (Special Guest)
Zaytoven (Special Guest)
Slab[disambiguation needed] (Special Guest)
Cordell Broadus (Special Guest)
Bryan Abasolo (Special Guest)
Caroline Lowe (Special Guest)
Tyreek Hill (Special Guest)
Karlie Redd (Special Guest)

text: Season 12[edit]

text: The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and had premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV.

text:
Chance The Rapper (Team Captain & Performer)
Ludacris (Team Captain)
Azealia Banks (Team Captain & Performer)
Lil Yachty (Team Co-Captain)
Rae Sremmurd (Team Captains & Performers)
Chloe x Halle (Team Captains & Performers)
Reesey Nem (Performer)
Denzel Curry (Performer)
JaVale McGee (Special Guest)
24Hrs
Andre Drummond
Angel McCoughtry
Ayo & Teo
Big Tigger
BlocBoy JB
Bow Wow
Brett Gray
Da Brat
Deon Cole
Dwight Howard
Eric Bellinger
HoodCelebrityy
Jacquees
Jermaine Dupri
Josephine Skriver
Kandi Burruss
Kountry Wayne
Lais Ribeiro
Lil Baby
Lil Durk
MadeinTYO
Marvin Bagley III
Matt Triplett
Michael Blackson
Momma Dee
Ne-Yo
O.T. Genasis
Rasheeda
Sasha Banks
Savannah Jordan
Scrappy
Shaun T
Stevie J
Tameka Cottle
Tiffany Hayes
Tokyo Vanity
Trae tha Truth
Trevor Jackson
Trinidad Cardona
Tyron Woodley
Young M.A
Yung Joc
Zonnique