document_title: Post Office Ltd

question_text: how many post office branches in the uk

question_tokens: how many post office branches in the uk

text: Post Office Ltd

text: History[edit]

text: Post Office branches, along with the Royal Mail delivery service, were formerly part of the General Post Office and later the Post Office corporation. Post Office Counters Ltd was created as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Post Office corporation in 1986. After the Post Office corporation was renamed Royal Mail Group in 2001, Post Office Counters Ltd became Post Office Ltd.[3]

text: Post Office Ltd has in recent years announced losses; a reported £102 million in 2006. This has raised many concerns in the media regarding Post Office Ltd's ability as a company to operate efficiently.[4] Plans to cut the £150m-a-year subsidy for rural post offices led to the announcement that 2,500 local post offices were to be closed. This announcement resulted in a backlash from local communities that relied on the service.

text: In 2007, the government gave a £1.7 billion subsidy to Royal Mail Group so that it could turn a profit by 2011. This was to be used to invest across the whole network of Royal Mail, Post Office Ltd and Parcelforce. 85 Crown post offices were closed, 70 of which were sold to WHSmith. This followed a trial of six Post Office outlets in WHSmith stores. WHSmith was expected to make up to £2.5 million extra in annual profit. 2,500 sub-post offices closed between 2008 and 2009. Redundancy packages were provided from public funding (subpostmasters were paid over 20 months salary, roughly £65,000 each).[5]

text: In November 2010, the government committed £1.34 billion of funding up to 2015 to Post Office Ltd to enable it to modernise the Post Office network.[6]

text: As part of the Postal Services Act 2011, Post Office Ltd became independent of Royal Mail Group on 1 April 2012.[7] A ten-year inter-business agreement was signed between the two companies to allow post offices to continue issuing stamps and handling letters and parcels for Royal Mail.[8] The Act also contained the option for Post Office Ltd to become a mutual organisation in the future.[9]

text: On 8 February 2013, Post Office Ltd announced it was planning to move around seventy of its Crown post offices into shops. This would reduce the Crown network, which it stated was losing £40 million a year, to around 300.[10]

text: On 27 November 2013, the government committed an additional £640 million of funding for 2015 to 2018 to allow Post Office Ltd to complete its network modernisation.[11]

text: Services[edit]

text: There are currently around 11,500 post office branches across the UK, of which 300 are directly managed by Post Office Ltd (known as Crown offices). The majority of other branches are either run by various franchise partners or local subpostmaster or operators (who may be members of the National Federation of SubPostmasters or the CWU Postmasters Branch), as "sub-postoffices".

text: The Post Office has a wide variety of services throughout the network of branches. Products and services available vary throughout the network; main post offices generally provide the full range of services.

text: In towns, post offices are usually open from around 09:00 to 17:30 from Monday to Friday and from 09:00 to 12:30 on Saturday. In some country areas, opening hours are much shorter – perhaps only four hours per week.[citation needed] In some villages an outreach service is provided in village halls or shops. There are also "mobile post offices" using converted vans which travel between rural areas.[12][13]

text: Many post offices are shut on Sundays and Bank Holidays. Some in smaller towns or villages are shut at lunchtime.

text: Postal services[edit]

text: The Post Office provides information on services and accepts postal items and payment on behalf of the two collection and delivery divisions of Royal Mail Group, Royal Mail and Parcelforce. These include a variety of ordinary and guaranteed services both for delivery within the United Kingdom and to international destinations. Postage stamps (including commemorative stamps and other philatelic items) are sold, while applications for redirection of mail are accepted on behalf of Royal Mail.

text: Post Office Local Collect is a scheme whereby undelivered mail can be redirected at customer request to a post office for convenient collection. Poste Restante mail can also be held for collection by people travelling.

text: Financial services[edit]

text: The Post Office provides credit cards, current accounts, insurance products, mortgages and personal loans through the Post Office Money umbrella brand which was launched in 2015. Most Post Office Money branded products are provided by Bank of Ireland (UK) plc with Post Office Ltd acting as an appointed representative and credit broker.

text: Branch banking[edit]

text: Personal banking services are offered on behalf of a number of "partner banks" that the Post Office has agreements with. Although different services are available on behalf of different institutions, these may include cash withdrawals, paying in cash and cheques, balance enquiries and cheque encashment. Some post offices also have cash machines, mainly provided by Bank of Ireland.

text: Business banking services are also offered, mainly through Santander (the successor to Alliance & Leicester Commercial Bank, prior to that the Post Office Girobank).

text: Bill payments[edit]

text: A number of bill payments can be accepted on behalf of a variety of organisations including utilities, local authorities and others. These can be in the form of automated payments (barcoded bills, swipe cards, key charging) or manual transactions through the Santander Transcash system.[14] The name Transcash was formerly used by Girobank.

text: Telephony[edit]

text: The Post Office operates as a provider of a home landline telephone service (branded as Post Office HomePhone) and has recently added broadband internet to its portfolio.

text: In June 2015 The Post Office launched its own mobile virtual network operator service, Post Office Mobile.[15] However, in August 2016 they dedicded "to conclude the trial as the results did not give us sufficient confidence that mobile will contribute to our goal of commercial sustainability".[16]

text: Mobile phone E Top-up is available on behalf of most networks. Post Office branded prepay phonecards are available, offering potential savings particularly on international call rates.

text: ID services[edit]

text: A passport check-and-send service is available for passport applications but is not affiliated with HM Passport Office. Check-and-send service is not guaranteed service.[17] Post Office used to do a check and send with DVLA (for the photocard driving licence). Some branches now offer a photocard driving licence renewal service.[18] Fishing licences are issued on behalf of the Environment Agency from branches in England and Wales. Selected branches issue international driving permits.

text: Post Office saving stamps[edit]

text: Post Office savings stamps were first introduced by Henry Fawcett in the 1880s but were phased out in the 1960s. These were re-introduced in August 2004 because of consumer demand. In 2010 saving stamps were withdrawn and replaced by the Budget Card.

text: Other services[edit]

text:
National Lottery games and scratchcards
Sale and encashment of postal orders
Foreign currency exchange and Travel Money Card
Sales of gift vouchers redeemable at certain high street merchants
PostPak
Fast drop
Drop and Go

tag: ul

text: Post Offices not open to the public[edit]

text: Seven post office branches are not open to the public:[19]

text:
Court (Buckingham Palace) however this is managed by Royal Mail as of 2014
House of Commons
Portcullis House
Royal Automobile Club, 89 Pall Mall, London
The Scottish Parliament
Windsor Castle
20 Finsbury Street, London, EC2Y 9AQ. Post Office HQ

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Horizon payment system errors[edit]

text: In April, 2015, the BBC described a confidential report that alleged that the Post Office had made 'failings'.[20] The article claimed that an independent investigation by forensic accountants Second Sight had found that the Post Office had failed to identify the root cause of the accounting shortfalls in many cases before launching court proceedings against sub-postmasters.[21] The shortfalls could have been caused by criminals using malicious software, by IT systems or by human error, the report said. An earlier article[22] by the BBC had claimed that a confidential report contained allegations that the Post Office had refused to hand over documents that the accountants felt they needed to investigate properly, that training was not good enough, that equipment was outdated, and that power cuts and communication problems had made things worse. The Post Office has claimed that their system was not at fault.


document_title: List of countries by oil production

question_text: which country is the largest oil producer in the world

root

text: List of countries by oil production

text: This is a list of countries by oil production, as compiled from the U.S. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2016, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis. Compared with shorter-term data, the full-year figures are less prone to distortion from periodic maintenance shutdowns and other seasonal cycles. The volumes in the table represent crude oil and lease condensate, the hydrocarbon liquids collected at or near the wellhead. The volumes in the table do not include biofuel. They also do not include the increase in liquid volumes during oil refining ("refinery gain"), or liquids separated from natural gas in gas processing plants (natural gas liquids).[1]

tag: p

text: Under this definition, total world oil production in 2016 averaged 80,622,000 barrels per day. Approximately 68% came from the top ten countries, and an overlapping 44% came from the fourteen current OPEC members, highlighted with blue shading in the table below.

text: For many years, the top three producers have been (alphabetically) Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. Each of these countries experienced major production declines at different times in the past, but since 2014 all three have been producing near their peak rates of 9 to 11 million barrels per day.[2]

text:
Country
Oil Production
(bbl/day, 2016)[1]

-
World Production
80,622,000

1
 Russia
10,551,497

2
 Saudi Arabia (OPEC)
10,460,710

3
 United States
8,875,817

4
 Iraq (OPEC)
4,451,516

5
 Iran (OPEC)
3,990,956

6
 China
3,980,650

7
 Canada
3,662,694

8
 United Arab Emirates (OPEC)
3,106,077

9
 Kuwait (OPEC)
2,923,825

10
 Brazil
2,515,459

11
 Venezuela (OPEC)
2,276,967

12
 Mexico
2,186,877

13
 Nigeria (OPEC)
1,999,885

14
 Angola (OPEC)
1,769,615

15
 Norway
1,647,975

16
 Kazakhstan
1,595,199

17
 Qatar (OPEC)
1,522,902

18
 Algeria (OPEC)
1,348,361

19
 Oman
1,006,841

20
 Libya (OPEC)
1,003,000

21
 United Kingdom
939,760

22
 Colombia
897,784

22
 Indonesia
833,667

23
 Azerbaijan
833,538

24
 India
734,180

25
 Malaysia
661,240

26
 Ecuador (OPEC)
548,421

27
 Argentina
510,560

28
 Romania
504,000

29
 Egypt
494,325

31
 Congo, Republic of the
308,363

32
 Vietnam
301,850

33
 Australia
289,749

34
 Thailand
257,525

35
 Sudan and  South Sudan
255,000

36
 Turkmenistan
230,779

37
 Equatorial Guinea (OPEC)
227,000

38
 Gabon (OPEC)
210,820

39
 Denmark
140,637

40
 Chad
110,156

41
 Brunei
109,117

42
 Ghana
100,549

43
 Cameroon
93,205

44
 Pakistan
84,746

45
 Italy
70,675

46
 Timor-Leste
60,661

47
 Trinidad and Tobago
60,090

48
 Bolivia
58,077

49
 Papua New Guinea
56,667

50
 Uzbekistan
52,913

51.5
 Bahrain
50,000

51.5
 Cuba
50,000

53
 Turkey
49,497

54
 Tunisia
48,757

55
 Germany
46,839

56
 Peru
40,266

57
 New Zealand
35,574

58
 Ukraine
31,989

59.5
 Ivory Coast
30,000

59.5
 Syria
30,000

61
 Belarus
25,000

62
 Mongolia
23,426

63
 Albania
22,915

64
 Yemen
22,000

65
 Poland
20,104

67
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
20,000

67
 Philippines
20,000

67
 Serbia
20,000

69
 Netherlands
18,087

70
 Suriname
17,000

71
 France
16,418

72
 Austria
15,161

73
 Myanmar
15,000

74
 Hungary
13,833

75
 Croatia
13,582

76
 Niger
13,000

77
 Guatemala
8,977

78
 Mauritania
5,000

79
 Chile
4,423

80
 Bangladesh
4,189

81
 Japan
3,918

82
 Greece
3,172

83
 Spain
2,667

84
 Czech Republic
2,333

86
 Belize
2,000

86
 Lithuania
2,000

86
 South Africa
2,000

89
 Barbados
1,000

89
 Bulgaria
1,000

89
 Kyrgyzstan
1,000

91
 Georgia
400

92
 Israel
390

93
 Slovakia
200

94
 Taiwan
196

95
 Tajikistan
180

96
 Morocco
160

97
 Jordan
22

98
 Slovenia
5

tag: table


document_title: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

question_text: who scored highest goal for brazil in world cup

text: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

text: Overall top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Table key

♦

Denotes national top scorers at the World Cup

#

Denotes players who played for their national teams at the most recent tournament in 2018

[ ]

Denotes tournaments where the player was part of the squad, but did not play in a match

( )

Denotes tournaments where the player played in a match, but did not score a goal

text:
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[6][7]

Rank

Player

Team

Goalsscored

Matchesplayed

Goalsper game[nb 1]

Tournaments

Notes

1

Miroslav Klose♦

 Germany

16

24

0.67

2002, 2006, 2010, 2014

list[9]

2

Ronaldo♦

 Brazil

15

19

0.79

[1994], 1998, 2002, 2006

list[10]

3

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

14

13

1.08

1970, 1974

list[11]

4

Just Fontaine♦

 France

13

6

2.17

1958

list[12]

5

Pelé

 Brazil

12

14

0.86

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

list[13]

6

Sándor Kocsis♦

 Hungary

11

5

2.20

1954

list[14]

Jürgen Klinsmann

 West Germany Germany

17

0.65

1990,1994, 1998

list[15]

8

Helmut Rahn

 West Germany

10

10

1.00

1954, 1958

list[16]

Gary Lineker♦

 England

12

0.83

1986, 1990

list[17]

Gabriel Batistuta♦

 Argentina

12

0.83

1994, 1998, 2002

list[18]

Teófilo Cubillas♦

 Peru

13

0.77

1970, 1978, (1982)

list[19]

Thomas Müller#

 Germany

16

0.63

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[20][21]

Grzegorz Lato♦

 Poland

20

0.50

1974, 1978, 1982

list[22]

14

Eusébio♦

 Portugal

9

6

1.50

1966

list[23]

Christian Vieri♦

 Italy

9

1.00

1998, 2002

list[24]

Vavá

 Brazil

10

0.90

1958, 1962

[25]

David Villa♦

 Spain

12

0.75

2006, 2010, 2014

list[26]

Paolo Rossi♦

 Italy

14

0.64

1978, 1982, [1986]

list[27]

Jairzinho

 Brazil

16

0.56

(1966), 1970, 1974

list[28]

Roberto Baggio♦

 Italy

16

0.56

1990, 1994, 1998

list[29]

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

 West Germany

19

0.47

1978, 1982, 1986

list[30]

Uwe Seeler

 West Germany

21

0.43

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

[31]

23

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

2.00

1930

list[32]

Leônidas

 Brazil

5

1.60

1934, 1938

list[nb 2][34]

Ademir

 Brazil

6

1.33

1950

list[nb 3][37]

Óscar Míguez♦

 Uruguay

7

1.14

1950, 1954

[38]

Rivaldo

 Brazil

14

0.57

1998, 2002

list[39]

Rudi Völler

 West Germany Germany

15

0.53

1986, 1990,1994

list[40]

Diego Maradona

 Argentina

21

0.38

1982, 1986, (1990), 1994

list[41]

30

Oldřich Nejedlý♦

 Czechoslovakia

7

6

1.17

1934, 1938

[nb 4][42]

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

8

0.88

1958, 1962, [1966]

list[43]

Careca

 Brazil

9

0.78

1986, 1990

[44]

Johnny Rep♦

 Netherlands

13

0.54

1974, 1978

[45]

Andrzej Szarmach

 Poland

13

0.54

1974, 1978, 1982

[46]

Luis Suárez#

 Uruguay

13

0.54

2010, 2014, 2018

list[47][48]

Hans Schäfer

 West Germany

15

0.47

1954, 1958, (1962)

[49]

Cristiano Ronaldo#

 Portugal

17

0.41

2006, 2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][50]

38

Josef Hügi♦

  Switzerland

6

3

2.00

1954

[51]

Oleg Salenko♦

 Russia

3

2.00

1994

list[52]

György Sárosi

 Hungary

5

1.20

1934, 1938

[53]

Max Morlock

 West Germany

5

1.20

1954

[54]

Erich Probst♦

 Austria

5

1.20

1954

[55]

Harry Kane#

 England

6

1.00

2018

list[56]

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

7

0.86

1990

list[57]

Davor Šuker♦

 Yugoslavia Croatia

8

0.75

[1990],1998, (2002)

list[nb 5][58]

James Rodríguez♦#

 Colombia

8

0.75

2014, (2018)

list[59][60]

Helmut Haller

 West Germany

9

0.67

(1962), 1966, (1970)

[61]

Hristo Stoichkov♦

 Bulgaria

10

0.60

1994, (1998)

list[62]

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

10

0.60

2002, 2010, (2014)

list[63]

Neymar#

 Brazil

10

0.60

2014, 2018

list[48][64]

Asamoah Gyan♦

 Ghana

11

0.55

2006, 2010, 2014

list[65]

Dennis Bergkamp

 Netherlands

12

0.50

1994, 1998

list[66]

Rob Rensenbrink

 Netherlands

13

0.46

1974, 1978

[67]

Rivellino

 Brazil

15

0.40

1970, 1974, (1978)

[68]

Bebeto

 Brazil

15

0.40

(1990), 1994, 1998

list[69]

Arjen Robben

 Netherlands

15

0.40

2006, 2010, 2014

list[70]

Zbigniew Boniek

 Poland

16

0.38

1978, 1982, (1986)

list[71]

Thierry Henry

 France

17

0.35

1998, (2002), 2006, (2010)

list[72]

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

17

0.35

(2006), 2010, 2014

list[73]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

17

0.35

2006, 2010, 2014

list[74]

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

18

0.33

(1974), 1978, (1982)

list[75]

Lionel Messi#

 Argentina

19

0.32

2006, (2010), 2014, 2018

list[48][76]

Lothar Matthäus

 West Germany Germany

25

0.24

(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998)

[77]

64

Pedro Cea

 Uruguay

5

4

1.25

1930

list[78]

Silvio Piola

 Italy

4

1.25

1938

[79]

Gyula Zsengellér

 Hungary

4

1.25

1938

[80]

Peter McParland♦

 Northern Ireland

5

1.00

1958

list[81]

Tomáš Skuhravý

 Czechoslovakia

5

1.00

1990

[82]

Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Uruguay

6

0.83

1950, 1954

[83]

Geoff Hurst

 England

6

0.83

1966, 1970

list[84]

Jon Dahl Tomasson♦

 Denmark

6

0.83

2002, 2010

list[85]

Alessandro Altobelli

 Italy

7

0.71

1982, 1986

[86]

Kennet Andersson♦

 Sweden

7

0.71

1994

list[87]

Fernando Morientes

 Spain

7

0.71

1998, 2002

list[88]

Romário

 Brazil

8

0.63

(1990), 1994

list[89]

Marc Wilmots♦

 Belgium

8

0.63

[1990], (1994), 1998, 2002

list[90]

Mario Mandžukić#

 Croatia

8

0.63

2014, 2018

list[48][91]

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

9

0.56

1958, 1962

list[92]

Emilio Butragueño

 Spain

9

0.56

1986, (1990)

list[93]

Roger Milla♦

 Cameroon

9

0.56

(1982), 1990, 1994

[94]

Tim Cahill♦#

 Australia

9

0.56

2006, 2010, 2014, (2018)

list[95][96]

Hans Krankl

 Austria

10

0.50

1978, 1982

list[97]

Romelu Lukaku♦#

 Belgium

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[98]

Ivan Perišić#

 Croatia

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[48][99]

Raúl

 Spain

11

0.45

1998, 2002, 2006

list[100]

Garrincha

 Brazil

12

0.42

(1958), 1962, 1966

[101]

Johan Neeskens

 Netherlands

12

0.42

1974, (1978)

[102]

Fernando Hierro

 Spain

12

0.42

[1990], 1994, 1998, 2002

list[103]

Zinedine Zidane

 France

12

0.42

1998, (2002), 2006

[104]

Landon Donovan♦

 United States

12

0.42

2002, (2006), 2010

list[105]

Henrik Larsson♦

 Sweden

13

0.38

1994, 2002, 2006

list[106]

Michel Platini

 France

14

0.36

1978, 1982, 1986

[107]

Zico

 Brazil

14

0.36

1978, 1982, (1986)

[108]

Gonzalo Higuaín#

 Argentina

14

0.36

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[109][110]

Edinson Cavani#

 Uruguay

14

0.36

2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][111]

Lukas Podolski

 Germany

15

0.33

2006, 2010, (2014)

list[112]

Franz Beckenbauer

 West Germany

18

0.28

1966, 1970, (1974)

list[113]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments

Goals

Date

Player

Team

Match

Opponent

Previous goals

Ref

1

July 13, 1930

Lucien Laurent

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

N/A

[nb 6]

Bart McGhee

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Marcel Langiller

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

Tom Florie

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 Belgium

Juan Carreño

 Mexico

 1930 – Group stage

 France

2

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

July 16, 1930

Carlos Vidal

 Chile

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

[116]

July 17, 1930

Ivan Bek

 Yugoslavia

 1930 – Group stage

 Bolivia

1930 vs Brazil

[117]

3

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Paraguay

1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay

[118]

4

July 22, 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

 1930 – Group stage

 Chile

1930 vs Mexico (3)

[119]

5

6

July 26, 1930

 1930 – Semi-final

 United States

7

8

July 30, 1930

 1930 – Final

 Uruguay

June 19, 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

 1938 – 3rd place

 Sweden

1934 vs Spain1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2)

[120]

July 13, 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

 1950 – Final round

 Spain

1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain

[37]

June 27, 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

 1954 – Quarter-final

 Brazil

1954 vs South Korea (3), West Germany (4)

[121]

9

10

June 30, 1954

 1954 – Semi-final

 Uruguay

11

June 28, 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

 1958 – 3rd place

 West Germany

1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany

[122]

12

13

July 3, 1974

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

 1974 – Second round

 Poland

1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2) 1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia

[11]

14

July 7, 1974

 1974 – Final

 Netherlands

June 22, 2006

Ronaldo

 Brazil

 2006 – Group stage

 Japan

1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands  2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)  2006 vs Japan

[123]

15

June 27, 2006

 2006 – Round of 16

 Ghana

June 21, 2014

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

 2014 – Group stage

 Ghana

2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon  2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina  2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2)

[124]

16

July 8, 2014

 2014 – Semi-final

 Brazil

text: Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]

text:
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[125][126][127]

World Cup

Player

Team

Goals scored

Matches played

Golden Boot

Other FIFA Awards

 Uruguay 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

Silver Ball

 Italy 1934

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

5

4

Bronze Ball

 France 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

7

5

Golden Ball

 Brazil 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

8

6

Bronze Ball

  Switzerland 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

Silver Ball

 Sweden 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

Bronze Ball

 Chile 1962

Garrincha

 Brazil

4

6

Golden Ball

Vavá

 Brazil

6

Leonel Sánchez

 Chile

6

Bronze Ball

Flórián Albert

 Hungary

4

Best Young Player

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

4

Dražan Jerković

 Yugoslavia

6

 England 1966

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

Bronze Ball

 Mexico 1970

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

10

6

Best Young Player, Bronze Ball

 West Germany 1974

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

7

7

 Argentina 1978

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

6

7

Golden Ball

 Spain 1982

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 Mexico 1986

Gary Lineker

 England

6

5

 Italy 1990

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 USA 1994

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

6

7

Bronze Ball

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

 France 1998

Davor Šuker

 Croatia

6

7

Silver Ball

 South Korea and Japan 2002

Ronaldo

 Brazil

8

7

Silver Ball

 Germany 2006

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

5

7

 South Africa 2010

Thomas Müller

 Germany

5

6

Best Young Player

David Villa

 Spain

7

Silver Boot, Bronze Ball

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

7

Bronze Boot, Silver Ball

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

7

Golden Ball

 Brazil 2014

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

6

5

 Russia 2018

Harry Kane

 England

6

6


document_title: Fried Green Tomatoes

question_text: when did the movie fried green tomatoes come out

text: Fried Green Tomatoes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Evelyn Couch, a timid, unhappy housewife in her forties, meets elderly Ninny Threadgoode in an Anderson, Alabama, nursing home. Over several encounters with Evelyn, Ninny tells her the story of the now abandoned town of Whistle Stop, and the people who lived there. The film's subplot concerns Evelyn's dissatisfaction with her marriage, her life, her growing confidence, and her developing friendship with Ninny. The narrative switches several times between Ninny's story, which is set between World War I and World War II, and Evelyn's life in 1980s Birmingham.

text: Ninny's story begins with tomboy Idgie Threadgoode, the youngest of the Threadgoode children, whom Ninny describes as her sister-in-law. Idgie's close relationship with her charming older brother, Buddy, is cut short when he is hit by a train and killed. Devastated, she recedes from formal society for much of her childhood and adolescence until Buddy's former girlfriend, the straitlaced Ruth Jamison, intervenes at the request of the concerned Threadgoode family.

text: Idgie initially resists Ruth's attempts at friendship, but gradually a deep attachment develops between them. Ruth leaves Whistle Stop to marry Frank Bennett and moves to Valdosta, Georgia. Idgie tries to forget her but later visits her house to find her pregnant and subject to physical abuse from Frank. Against his wishes and violent attempts to stop her, she returns to Whistle Stop with Idgie, where her baby, a boy whom she names Buddy, Jr., is born. Papa Threadgoode gives Idgie money to start a business so she can care for Ruth and Buddy, Jr. She and Ruth open the Whistle Stop Cafe, employing the family cook, Sipsey, and her son, Big George, who excel with a barbecue that becomes popular with their patrons.

text: Frank eventually returns to Whistle Stop to kidnap Buddy, Jr., but his attempt is thwarted by an unseen assailant, and he is later reported missing. Once his truck appears at the bottom of a nearby drying lake without its owner, Idgie is immediately a suspect, as she had publicly threatened violence against him for beating Ruth. She is detained along with Big George for his murder by Grady Kilgore, the local sheriff, who offers to release her and pin the crime solely on Big George; she refuses to sacrifice him. During the subsequent trial, the local minister, Reverend Scroggins, has no problem lying, providing Idgie and Big George with sound alibi for the time of Frank's disappearance. Taking into account his reputation for getting drunk, the judge rules his death an accident and dismisses the case. Idgie and Big George are cleared of all charges.

text: After the trial, Ruth is diagnosed with cancer, becomes very ill, and eventually dies. Following her death, the café closes. Over time, many Whistle Stop residents eventually move away, bringing Ninny to the end of her story, but not before the revelation of what really happened to Frank. Sipsey killed him with a blow to the head with a heavy cast iron frying pan while trying to prevent him from kidnapping Buddy, Jr. Idgie got Big George to barbecue Frank's body, which was later served to an investigator from Georgia searching for him. The investigator ate with gusto, proclaiming his meal the best pork barbecue he'd ever tasted.

text: Evelyn discovers that during Ninny's temporary stay at the nursing home, her house was condemned and torn down. Evelyn, having become friends with her, offers her a room in her house which she accepts. As they walk away from the empty lot where her house used to be, they pass Ruth's grave, freshly adorned with a jar of honey, a honeycomb, and a card which reads, "I'll always love you, the Bee Charmer". The Bee Charmer is Ruth's old nickname for Idgie, and the note reveals that she is still alive.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kathy Bates as Evelyn Couch
Mary Stuart Masterson & Nancy Moore Atchison as Imogene "Idgie" Threadgoode
Mary-Louise Parker as Ruth Jamison
Jessica Tandy as Ninny Threadgoode
Cicely Tyson as Sipsey
Chris O'Donnell as Buddy Threadgoode
Stan Shaw as Big George
Gailard Sartain as Ed Couch
Timothy Scott as Smokey Lonesome
Gary Basaraba as Grady Kilgore
Lois Smith as Mama Threadgoode
Danny Nelson as Papa Threadgoode
Jo Harvey Allen as Women's Awareness Teacher
Macon McCalman as Prosecutor
Richard Riehle as Reverend Scroggins
Raynor Scheine as Curtis Smoot
Grace Zabriskie as Eva Bates
Reid Binion as Young Julian
Nick Searcy as Frank Bennett
Constance Shulman as Missy

text: Differences between the film and novel[edit]

text: Unlike the novel, the film does not make the lesbian romance between the two central characters explicit, instead leaving the relationship between Idgie and Ruth ambiguous.[2] The DVD contains an audio commentary in which the director acknowledges the relationship and points out that a scene between Idgie and Ruth engaging in a food fight was intended to be seen as symbolic love-making. At the time of the film's debut, it was criticized by reviewers and activists for what was seen as "glossing over" the lesbian relationship.[2][3] However, it won an award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation for best feature film with lesbian content.[4] It shows examples of discrimination against African Americans, women, and the disabled, but the novel's examination of sexuality-based prejudice through a robust lesbian plot, is made more ambiguous.[5]

text: Though in the book, Idgie and Ninny are two separate characters, at the end of the film it's largely hinted that they are one and the same, although this runs counter to Ninny's earlier comment that "I was practically adopted by the Threadgoodes; I married her [Idgie's] brother, Cleo".

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception and casting[edit]

text: Avnet first read the novel in 1987.[6] He was introduced to it by producer Lisa Lindstrom, with whom he worked on television films Heat Wave and Breaking Point. Although he wanted her to give him a synopsis of the story, she insisted he read the book and like her, he loved it. He decided to turn the story into a film and pitched the idea to Norman Lear's company, Act III Communications, who were interested and gave him a small budget for a screenwriter.[7] He hired Carol Sobieski who had written the screenplay for 1982's Annie. She wrote a draft for it as a musical, which he was unhappy with.[7] Sobieski left the project and he hired Flagg, who had been surprised that anyone would want to turn the novel into a film, to develop the script. Although she had some screenwriting experience, she found the process of turning her own novel into a script a strange one. The job was made somewhat easier by the work done by Sobieski and Avnet in choosing which characters from the book were going to be featured, but she found it difficult and also left the project, after writing 70 pages of the screenplay. With no money left to hire another writer, Avnet took the script over himself and spent the next 2–3 years developing it. Flagg gave her blessing to the final draft.[7]

text: Avnet wrote the film with Jessica Tandy in mind; she expressed excitement about making the film.[7] He had worked with Kathy Bates and Chris O'Donnell on the 1990 film Men Don't Leave before offering them the roles of Evelyn Couch and Buddy Threadgoode respectively.[6] When Bates read the script she loved the characters and was particularly keen to work with Tandy.[6] Mary-Louise Parker was casting director David Rubin's first choice for the role of Ruth Jamison. She read for the part several times, initially unhappy with her own tests. When she read along with Mary Stuart Masterson, they – and the producers – agreed that they had good chemistry.

text: Setting[edit]

text: Avnet hired Barbara Ling as production designer. Scouting for a location, she found Juliette, Georgia, a town that was, according to Avnet, nearly deserted.[7][8] The building chosen to be the Whistle Stop Café was formerly an antique and hardware store. It was redesigned as a cafe, with a horseshoe shaped counter to allow for optimal camera angles.[7]

text: After the release of the film, Juliette saw an influx of tourists and, with Jon Avnet's encouragement, locals opened the Whistle Stop Café, recreated to mirror the film set.[9] Although "Whistle Stop Café" is now a registered trademark, other establishments have appeared using that name.[10] While writing the novel, Flagg based Whistle Stop on Irondale, Alabama, and the café on a real-life restaurant, the Irondale Café.[8] She was a frequent visitor there which was formerly owned by her great-aunt.[11]

text: The scene where Idgie goes to collect honey from a beehive for Ruth was originally intended to be performed by a stunt double. However, after the latter backed out at the last minute, Masterson volunteered to do it herself. The footage of her covered in a swarm of live bees is seen in the final version of the film.[6]

text: The steam locomotive used in the film is A&WP 290, then in use pulling steam excursions for the New Georgia Railroad.[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was given a limited release in the US on December 27, 1991, opening in five theaters.[12] It got a wide release four weeks later on January 24, 1992, in 673 theaters. It ran for 19 weeks in total, with its widest release having been 1,331 theaters.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed a total of $82,418,501 in the United States alone, and took in $37,000,000 outside the US, bringing the total to $119,418,501 worldwide.[12] In its opening weekend it earned $105,317, and at its wide release opening weekend it earned $5,235,940, which was 6.4 percent of its total gross.[12] According to Box Office Mojo, it ranked at no. 11 for all films released in the US in 1991, and no. 5 for PG‑13 rated films released that year.[citation needed]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film was generally well received by critics. Film review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes gave it a "fresh" score of 73% based on 41 reviews.[13]

text: Critics enjoyed the narrative, but found it conventional and predictable.[3][14] The adaptation of the separate narrative of book to the screen was criticised by Time Out as "clumsy", Roger Ebert praised the performances, Janet Maslin praised the costume and production design and Emanuel Levy praised the cinematography and score.[3][15] The cast drew praise for their performances, particularly Masterson and Tandy.[3][15]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: The film was nominated at the 64th Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Jessica Tandy) and for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium (Fannie Flagg and Carol Sobieski).[16]

text: At the 46th British Academy Film Awards in 1992, Tandy was nominated for the Best Actress award, and Bates was nominated as Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Both also received Golden Globe nominations for their work, and the film got a Best Picture (Comedy or Musical) nomination.[16] At the 28th Guldbagge Awards in Sweden, it was nominated for the Best Foreign Film award.[17]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Evelyn Couch: "Face it girls, I'm older and I have more insurance." – Nominated[18]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[19]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Fried Green Tomatoes

Studio album by Various Artists

Released
December 31, 1991

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
39:24

Label
MCA

text: Fried Green Tomatoes: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the film, and featured a new song by Patti LaBelle. For the original score, composed by Thomas Newman, see Fried Green Tomatoes (score).

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"I'll Remember You" (Grayson Hugh) – 5:08
"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted" (Paul Young) – 4:34
"Cherish" (Hip Hop Version) (Jodeci) – 3:58
"Danger Heartbreak Dead Ahead" (Taylor Dayne) – 3:20
"Rooster Blues" (Peter Wolf) – 3:15
"Barbecue Bess" (Patti LaBelle) – 2:54
"If I Can Help Somebody" (Aaron Hall) – 3:49
"Cool Down Yonder" (Marion Williams) – 3:10
"Cherish" (Movie Version) (Jodeci) – 2:29
"Ghost Train" (Main Title) (Thomas Newman) – 3:11
"Visiting Ruth" (Newman) – 1:46
"A Charge To Keep I Have" (Newman) – 1:50

tag: ol


document_title: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege

question_text: when does maverick come out rainbow six seige

text: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege

text: Gameplay

text: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege is a first-person shooter game, in which players utilize many different operators from the Rainbow team. Different operators have different nationalities, weapons, and gadgets.[2] The game features an asymmetrical structure whereby the teams are not always balanced in their ability choices.[3] The base Counter-Terrorism Units (CTUs) available for play are the American Hostage Rescue Team (referred to in-game as the FBI SWAT), the British SAS, the German GSG-9, the Russian Spetsnaz and the French GIGN, each of which has four operators per unit split between attackers and defenders (other units were later added through downloadable content, see below). Players also have access to a "Recruit" operator who can choose from a more flexible assortment of equipment at the expense of having a unique gadget or the ability to customize their weapon. Players can pick any operator from any unit that is defending or attacking before a round starts, choosing spawn points as well attachments on their guns but are not allowed to change their choices once the round has started. An in-game shop allows players to purchase operators or cosmetics using the in-game currency, "Renown", which is earned at the end of matches from actions performed in-game. Different gameplay modes award renown at different rates, with ranked matches offering the largest renown multiplier potential per match. Renown gain rate can also be affected by the addition of "boosters" which give the player a 100% increase in all renown earned for 24 real-time hours.  A premium currency known as "R6 credits" can also be purchased using real-world currency to get operators quicker in-game, or other cosmetic.[4]

text: In online matches, when a round begins the attackers choose one of several spawn points from which to launch their attack while defenders do the same from which to defend from. Then a one-minute preparatory period will commence where the attackers are then given control over mecanum-wheeled drones to scout the map in search of enemy operators, traps and defensive set-ups as well as the target(s)[5], while the defenders set up their defences.[6] Defenders can also put up destructible barricades and reinforced walls to make them indestructible to most munitions unless dealt with by an appropriate operator, such as Hibana, Thermite, and Maverik. Maps in the game are designed to encourage close quarters combat, and players cannot respawn until the end of a round. Players who were killed by opponents can enter "Support Mode", which allows them to gain access to drone's cameras and security cameras so that they can continue to contribute to their team by informing them of opponent locations and activities.[7][8] Matches last only four minutes for a casual and three minutes for a ranked.[9] Teamwork and cooperation are encouraged in Siege, and players need to take advantage of their different abilities in order to complete the objective and defeat the enemy team.[5] Communication between players is also encouraged.[5][10] The game also has a spectator mode, which allows players to observe a match from different angles.[11]

text: The game features a heavy emphasis on environmental destruction[12][13] using a procedural destruction system. Players can break structures by planting explosives on them, or shoot walls to make bullet holes.[14] Players may gain tactical advantages through environmental destruction, and the system aims at encouraging players to utilize creativity and strategy.[14][15] A bullet-penetration system is featured, in which bullets that pass through structures deal less damage to enemies.[13] In addition to destruction, players on the defending team can also set up a limited number of heavy-duty fortifications on walls and deployable shields around them for protection; these can be destroyed through breaching explosives or by utilizing operator specific gadgets like thermite .[16] In order to stop attackers' advance, defenders can place traps like barbed-wire and explosive laser wire traps around the maps.[17] Vertical space is a key gameplay element in the game's maps: players can destroy ceilings and floors using breach charges and can ambush enemies by rappelling through windows.[5] Powerful weapons like grenades and breach charges are valuable, as only limited numbers can be used in a round.[9]

text: Modes

text: At launch, the game featured 11 maps[18] and 5 different gameplay modes spanning both PVE and PVP. With the downloadable content (DLC) released post-launch with an additional four maps from year one and three maps from year two – there are currently 18 playable maps with one more slated for release by June 2018.[19] The gameplay modes featured include:

text:
Hostage: a competitive multiplayer mode, in which the attackers must extract the hostage from the defenders, while the defenders must prevent that from happening either by eliminating all of the attacking team or successfully defending the hostage until the time expires. A secondary manner of winning can occur if the attacking or defending team accidentally damages the hostage, causing the hostage to "down"; if the opposing team can prevent the revival of the hostage, and the hostage bleeds-out and dies, they will win the round.[20]
Bomb: a competitive multiplayer mode, in which the attackers are tasked with locating and defusing one of two bombs. The defenders must stop the attackers by killing all of them or destroying the defuser.[21] If all attackers are killed after the defuser is planted, the defuser must still be destroyed for a defending victory.
Secure Area: a competitive multiplayer mode, in which the defenders must protect a room with a biohazard container, while the attackers must fight their way in and secure it. The match ends when all players from one team are killed or the biohazard container is secured by the attackers when there are no defenders in the room.[22]
Tactical Realism: a variation of the standard competitive multiplayer modes, added with the release of the Operation Skull Rain DLC. The game mode features a heavier emphasis on realism and teamwork, removing most of the heads-up display (HUD) elements, the ability to mark opponents, and the ability to see teammates' contours through walls, while also featuring the addition of a realistic ammo management system.[23] This mode is no longer in the game but some aspects are in the other multiplayer modes.
Terrorist Hunt: a solo[24] or cooperative multiplayer mode for up to five players. Players take on the role of either attackers or defenders, and must fight against waves of enemies controlled by artificial intelligence across various modes like Bomb, Hostage or Elimination (Terrorist hunt classic).[25][26]
Situations: the game's most significant single-player component, with 10 solo and 1 coop multiplayer missions that serve as introductory and interactive tutorials to the game's mechanics.[27]
Outbreak: A limited time event exclusive to Operation Chimera, Outbreak pits a 3 player team in a co-op PVE environment against an alien biohazard threat, namely AI-controlled heavily mutated forms of humans infected with said alien parasite. Two difficulties exists for this mode, for which the chief difference was the inclusion of friendly fire on the harder one. [28]

text: Setting

text: Three years after the Rainbow Program's deactivation, there is a resurgence of terrorist activities, with the White Mask being the most prominent. The terrorists' goals are unknown, yet they are causing chaos across the world.[29] To counter this rising threat, the program is reactivated by a new leader who is simply known as Six (voiced by Angela Bassett).[30] Six assembles a group of special forces operatives from different countries to face and combat the White Masks. Recruits go through multiple exercises to prepare them for future encounters with the White Masks, training to perform hostage rescue and bomb disposal. Eventually, the White Masks launch a chemical attack on a university (called Bartlett University), and the recruits are sent to disarm the bombs and eliminate the enemy presence. The operation is a massive success, though there are casualties. The story ends with Six affirming that the reactivation of Team Rainbow is the best and only choice in a time filled with risks and uncertainties. Team Rainbow is ready for their next mission – to hunt down the leader of their enemy – and they stand prepared to protect and defend their nation from terrorists.

text: Development

text: This entire project was born and has grown out of an in-depth study that looked to distill what the Rainbow series is at its core in terms of both fantasy and gameplay. At the end of the day, the Rainbow Six fantasy about being part of the greatest counter-terrorist organization and impersonating the best of the best operators, working as a team, [and] carrying out dangerous operations (hostage rescue) anywhere on the globe

text: The game's predecessor was Tom Clancy's Rainbow 6: Patriots, a tactical shooter announced in 2011. It had a focus on narrative, and the story campaign features many cut-scenes and scripted events. However, the game fell into a development hell shortly after its announcement. The game's outdated engine and frequent change of leadership hindered development progress, and game quality was not up to par.[32] In addition, it was planned to be released on seventh-generation video-game consoles which were not capable of processing certain game mechanics. Seeing the arrival of a new generation of consoles, the team wanted to make use of this opportunity to create a more technologically advanced game.[33] As a result, Ubisoft decided to cancel Patriots and assembled a new team of 25 people to come up with ideas to reboot the series.[34]

text: To make the new game feel refreshing, only certain multiplayer elements were retained as the small team took the game in a different direction. They evaluated the core of the Rainbow Six series, which they thought was about being a member of a counter-terrorist team travelling around the globe to deal with dangerous terrorist attacks – operations which are usually intense confrontations between attackers and defenders.[31] However, the team wanted to fit these ideas into a multiplayer format which would increase the game's sustainability.[35][36] These became the basic concept ideas for the game. As the development team hoped that the game can be replayed frequently, the team decided to devote all the resources into developing the game's multiplayer and abandoned the single-player campaign.[37]

text: Development of the game officially began in January 2013. Ubisoft Montreal, the developer of Patriots, handled the game's development, with Ubisoft's offices in Barcelona, Toronto, Kiev, Shanghai and Chengdu providing assistance.[38][39] The game was originally called Rainbow Six Unbreakable, a title that reflected not only the game's destruction mechanic but also the mindset of the development team, who had to deliver a game that was once stuck in development hell.[35] According to Alexandre Remy, the brand director, the team was confident in their new vision for the game but very nervous when they revealed it, realizing the change of direction would likely disappoint some fans.[34]

text: Design

text: The 150-person team consisted mainly of first-person shooter veterans or longtime Rainbow Six players.[35] Despite having prior knowledge on how these types of games work, the team decided to study historic examples of counter-terrorist operations, including 1980's London Iranian Embassy siege, 1977's Lufthansa Flight 181 hijacking, and 2002's Moscow theatre hostage crisis to ensure that the portrayal of these operations was accurate and appropriate. The team also consulted counter-terrorism units, such as the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (GIGN), for their opinions on how they would react during a hostage rescue situation.[40] According to Xavier Marquis, the game's creative director, having a hostage rescue mission in the game helped create an immersive story. By allowing players to assume control of an operator tasked with saving innocents, it gives them an objective and a priority. They must be careful in dealing with the situation and try their best not to hurt the hostage. This further promotes teamwork between players and prompts them to plan before attacking, and further makes the game more realistic, tense and immersive.[41] To make the game feel more realistic, the team introduced a mechanic called "living hostage" to govern the hostage character's behaviour – e.g., coughing if there is dust in the air or shielding him or herself if there is nearby gunfire.[42]

text: The environmental destruction mechanic was one of the game's most important elements. When the game's development was begun, the developer's in-house team completed their work on RealBlast Destruction, an engine that "procedurally breaks everything down" and remodels the environment.[43] The development team thought that this technology fitted the game's style and gameplay, and decided to use it.[44] This aspect of the game became increasingly important during development, and the team spent an extended period of time making sure that these destructions were authentic. As a result, the team implemented a materials-based tearing system, in which environmental objects of different materials show different reactions to players' attacks.[13] To render the game's texture, the team used physically based rendering, even though it was ineffective during the game's early stage of production due to issues with the game's engine. A material bank and substance painter were utilized to create textures for environmental objects when they were damaged or destroyed. The team also implemented subtle visual cues to help players identify whether a structure was destructible or not, as opposed to "distracting" players with more-obvious hints.[45] The destruction mechanic prompted Ubisoft to change their level-design approach, as they had to ensure that the level was still logical and realistic when parts of the environment were destroyed.[46]

text: According to Ubisoft, "teamwork, tactics, and tension" were the game's three most important pillars. The team initially worked on a respawn feature, allowing players to rejoin after they are killed in the game. However, following several internal tournaments, the team realized that some of their employees would always win a match. They concluded that the respawn system worked to the benefit of strong players and placed individual skill above teamwork,[47] which did not fit the developer's focus on game tactics. Removing the respawn feature meant greater consequences for taking risks, and players had to rely on their teammates in order to survive and achieve objectives. According to Chris Lee, the game's designer, the team initially worried that the system would only appeal to hardcore players. However, after several testings, they found that the removal of the respawn system provided new challenges to strong players and forced them to cooperate with their teammates – while it rewarded weaker players who were willing to take their time, plan their actions, and be strategic.[48][49][50]

text: The gameplay system was designed to allow players to have a lot of freedom. As a result, the team implemented the "Golden 3C Rules", which represents Character, Control, and Camera.[51] Players are always controlling their own actions and movements, and the team intentionally avoided any animation that would disrupt the players. As a result, actions such as setting explosives, or placing a breach charge, can be cancelled immediately so that players can react and shoot. The game's camera only moves when the player moves, as the team feared that the changes of camera angle may lead to players' in-game deaths. A free-lean system was introduced to the game so that players can have more control over their line of sight.[31] According to Ubisoft, this input-driven control mechanism makes the game feel more "natural" and "fluid". This is because it allows players to concentrate on planning and coordinating, rather than thinking if the camera or environment will interfere with their actions.[52]

text: Several gameplay elements were scrapped or removed from the final game. One of the features of its predecessors, artificial intelligence-controlled squadmates, were removed from single-player missions. This decision was made because the team wanted players to play with a squad controlled by actual players rather than computers. The team once considered adding a map editor so that players could design their own maps, but this plan never came to fruition. Hit markers, which would indicate an injury inflicted on an opponent, were removed because the team feared that players would abuse the system by "peppering the walls with gunfire" and use hit markers to locate enemies. Players cannot jump in the game, as real-life counter-terrorist unit operators do not jump while carrying out their missions.[49]

text: According to Louis Philippe, the game's audio director, the team originally used intense music and sounds to create tension. However, the team decided to scrap this idea, realizing that the best way to create a tense atmosphere is to create the sounds of other players, which are often unexpected. The team created Navigation Sounds, in which the sound a player made is determined by their operators' weight, armour, and speed. Gadget deployment such as fortifying and breach-charging create louder sounds that may reveal the player's presence. The team thought that this would be enjoyable for players and influence their gameplay experience.[53] The game's music was composed by Paul Haslinger, who had worked on the score of the previous Rainbow Six games and the Far Cry series. His co-composer was Ben Frost, who debuted his first video game soundtrack with Siege. Leon Purviance assisted Frost and Haslinger in composing the music.[54]

text: Release

text: Ubisoft announced the game at their press conference during Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014.[55] In August 2015, Ubisoft announced that they had delayed the game's release from October 10 to December 1, 2015, in order to give additional time for the team to balance the game for cooperative multiplayer play.[56] A closed alpha-testing was held by Ubisoft on April 7–13, 2015, in which players could play an early version of the game in order to help the development team test their servers and core gameplay loops, and to provide feedback.[57] Ubisoft held a closed beta, starting on September 24, 2015, for further testing. The company originally wanted to hold another round of testing with the release of the game's open beta on November 25, 2015, but they delayed its release to November 26 due to matchmaking issues.[58] Players who purchased Siege for the Xbox One could download Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas and its sequel, Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2 for free.[59]

text: The game had multiple versions for players to purchase. A season pass was announced on November 12, 2015. Players who bought this version of the game could gain early access to operators offered in the DLCs and receive several weapon skins.[60] The game was also released alongside its Collector's Edition, which included the game's season pass, a hat, a compass and bottle opener, a backpack, and a 120-page guide.[61] A Starter Edition was released on PC in June 2016, featuring all content offered in the Standard Edition, and included two operators at start for use plus enough Rainbow 6 Credits to purchase up to two more of the player's choice while the rest has to be purchased through either Renown at an increased cost or additional Rainbow 6 Credits. The Starter Edition was cheaper than the Standard Edition and was initially available for a limited time.[62] In February 2017, the Starter Edition became permanently available via Uplay.[63]

text: According to Ubisoft, the game adopted a "game as a service" approach, as they would provide long-term support for the game and offer post-release content to keep players engaged. The management team initially doubted the idea but eventually decided to approve it.[34] The title was supported with many updates upon launch, with the company introducing fixes to bugs and improvements on both matchmaking and general gameplay mechanics.[64][65] They also introduced an auto-kick system, which automatically removes players from a match when they kill friendly players[66] and launched the BattleEye system in August 2016 to punish cheaters.[67] All downloadable content maps were released to all players for free.[68] The team avoided adding more modes to the game because most would not fit well with the game's close-quarter combat.[69] Downloadable content for the game was divided into several seasons, with a Mid-Season Reinforcement patch which added new weapons and modified some of the operators' core abilities.[34] This post-release content was developed by the Montreal studio in conjunction with Blue Byte in Germany.[70] Ubisoft announced that they would keep supporting the game and adding new playable characters for 10 more years. As a result, no sequel was planned.[71] To counter toxicity within the game's community, in mid 2018 Ubisoft began issuing bans to any player who has used racist and homophobic slurs.[72]

text: In January 2018, Ubisoft announced the introduction of 'Outbreak Packs', which are loot boxes that can be unlocked with R6 credits (which can be purchased with microtransactions) to gain character items. The company also announced that the base version of the game will be replaced by a bundle named The Advanced Edition, which includes the base game and a small number of outbreak packs and R6 credits. The changes resulted in players' backlash, as existing players have to pay for new content while new players do not.[73] Ubisoft compensated players by giving players a free premium skin for free and announced plans to change the Standard Edition so that players can unlock new operators at a faster pace.[74] In July 2018, Ubisoft announced the introduction of a limited time pack named 'Sunsplash Packs', which are available to purchase with R6 credits and contain cosmetics that have an association with the season of Summer.[75]

text:
Downloadable content and expansion packs

Year

Name and Season

Release date

Notes

Year 1

Operation Black Ice - Season 1

February 2, 2016

The DLC introduced a new map, a frozen yacht in Canada. It also introduces two Canadian operators from the special ops force JTF2, Frost and Buck. Frost can use a trap to incapacitate enemies, while Buck has an under-barrel M26 shotgun.[76]

Operation Dust Line - Season 2

May 11, 2016

The DLC introduced a new map set in the Middle East, which was described as "a mix of old and new construction with open air pathways".[77] It also introduces two Navy Seal operators, Blackbeard and Valkyrie. Blackbeard has face shields that can be mounted onto his rifle, while Valkyrie has three cameras that can be thrown onto any surface.[78]

Operation Skull Rain - Season 3

August 2, 2016

The DLC introduced a new map set in Brazil, and two BOPE operators called Capitão and Caveira.[79] Capitão has a tactical crossbow which can be loaded with asphyxiating bolts, that will burn oxygen within a certain radius, or smoke grenade bolts that create a thick cloud of smoke. Caveira has an ability called Silent Step, allowing her to make less noise when moving as well as interrogate an immobilized enemy for the location of other enemies.[80]

Operation Red Crow - Season 4

November 17, 2016

The DLC introduced a new map set in a skyscraper in Japan, and two SAT operators called Hibana and Echo. Hibana possesses a weapon that launches up to three sets of six explosives that attach to and break reinforced walls, while Echo uses a drone capable of releasing sonic blasts to disorient enemies.[81]

Year 2

Operation Velvet Shell - Season 1

February 8, 2017

The DLC introduced a new map set in Spain, and two GEO operators called Mira and Jackal.[82] Jackal is a tracker who can reveal the location of enemies by tracking their footprints, while Mira can create one-way bulletproof windows on walls which can be ejected, leaving a space for operators to fire through.[83][84]

Operation Health - Season 2

June 6, 2017[85]

Operation Health was an update that fine-tuned many of the game's aspects, including fixes to hit boxes, spawn killing and audio issues.[86] This resulted in the delay of season 2's content and the cancellation of a map.[87]

Operation Blood Orchid - Season 3

September 5, 2017[88]

The DLC introduced a new map set in Hong Kong, two SDU operators named Ying and Lesion, and one Polish GROM operator named Ela.[89] Ying utilizes candela cluster charges that can be thrown or attached to a surface to stun enemies, similar to a stun grenade. Lesion uses poison mines that slow and cause damage to an enemy over time when triggered. Ela possesses proximity concussion mines that can be attached to multiple surfaces to disorient enemies.[90][91]

Operation White Noise - Season 4

December 5, 2017[92]

The DLC introduces a new map set in South Korea, two South Korean operators from the 707th Special Mission Battalion named Dokkaebi and Vigil, and one Polish operator named Zofia. Dokkaebi is able to hack enemy phones to make them ring, revealing their position, she can also hack the phone of a dead defender to give access to the cameras to the attackers. Vigil uses a cloaking device to become invisible to all drones and cameras. Zofia carries a double-barreled grenade launcher capable of launching explosive or concussion grenades.[93]

Year 3

Operation Chimera - Season 1

March 6, 2018[94]

This DLC introduces one GIGN operator named Lion, and one Spetsnaz operator named Finka. Both are part of a CBRN specialist detachment of Team Rainbow. Lion uses a UAV to temporarily expose moving enemies via sonar; Finka uses nanomachines to temporarily increase the health and accuracy of herself and her teammates while also increasing their heart and breathing rate, thus weakening them by increasing the damage taken by Smoke's toxic gas canisters, increasing the range Pulse's heartbeat scanner can detect them, and hindering their ability to listen for footsteps. The nanomachine boost will also revive any downed teammates. This DLC also introduced a temporary gamemode called "Outbreak", a PvE game mode where some operators are tasked with containing a biohazard that has turned the citizens of Truth or Consequences, New Mexico into zombie-like monsters.[95]

Operation Para Bellum - Season 2

June 7, 2018[96]

This DLC introduces a new map set in Tuscany, as well as two GIS operators named Alibi and Maestro. Alibi projects inanimate holograms of herself, which expose the location of any enemy that interacts with the hologram with their weapons, body, or drone; Maestro can install a wall-mounted directed-energy turret that he can then operate remotely, damaging enemies with rapid laser fire. After a certain number of shots, the turret can overheat and has to cool down.[97]

Operation Grim Sky - Season 3

September 4, 2018[98]

This DLC introduces two new operators and the first full map redesign for Hereford Base. The first new operator is an attacker named Maverick[99] who uses a small handheld blowtorch to open new lines of sight as well as kill holes, even in reinforced walls to aid the attackers in breaching the objective. The second new operator is a defender called Clash[100] who is the first shield wielding defender. Her shield is similar to Montagne except she utilises technology designed by Mira and Twitch within her gadget; the CCE or Crowd Control Electro Shield. It emits an electric field that slows and damages attackers.[101]

text: Ubisoft also envisioned the game as an eSports game. The company had their first meeting with David Hiltscher, vice president of ESL, in late 2013. ESL offered feedback on the game's balancing and helped the developer to ensure that the game was suitable for competitive play.[102] The team focused on introducing new operators to provide variety for eSports viewers after the game's release, a decision inspired by modern multiplayer online battle arena games such as Dota 2, as this type of game often has 80–100 playable characters.[103] ESL and Ubisoft officially announced Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Pro League, a global tournament for Windows and Xbox One players. The competition was held at Intel Extreme Masters eSports tournament on March 4, 2016.[104] A European team, PENTA Sports, became the champion of the first season of Rainbow Six Pro League after defeating another team, GiFu, at the final of the tournament held in May 2016.[105] In 2017, it was revealed that Pro League Year Two would return, but Xbox One tournaments would not be featured.[106] Ubisoft also held the Six Invitational tournaments in 2017 and 2018, in which top teams competed for the top prize. The 2018 tournament attracted 321,000 viewers on Twitch.[107] Both Nathan Lawrence from Red Bull and Richie Shoemaker from Eurogamer compared the game favourably with Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, with both being hopeful that Siege can dethrone Global Offensive's status as the most successful competitive eSports first-person shooter in the future.[108][109]

text: Reception

text: ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScoreMetacritic(PC) 79/100[110](XONE) 74/100[111](PS4) 73/100[112]Review scoresPublicationScoreDestructoid8/10[113]Game Informer7/10[114]Game Revolution[115]GameSpot8/10[116]GamesRadar+[117]IGN8.5/10[118]7.9/10[119]PC Gamer (US)90/100[120]Polygon6/10[121]VideoGamer.com8/10[122]

text: The pre-release reception of the game was positive, with critics praising the game's design and tensions created during matches.[26] In 2014, the game received four nominations from Game Critics Awards: Best of Show, Best PC Game, Best Action Game and Best Online Multiplayer Game.[123] The game eventually became the winner of the Best PC Game category.[124]

text: Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Critics generally praised the game's destructive environment, tactical nature, map design, and its focus on teamwork. However, the lack of content and the game's microtransactions were subjected to criticism.

text: The game's multiplayer was widely praised by critics. Chris Carter from Destructoid praised the game's open-ended nature, which made each match unpredictable and helped the experience to stay fresh even after an extended period of playing.[113] GameSpot's Scott Butterworth appreciated the title for allowing players to make use of their creativity in approaching a mission.[116] James Davenport from PC Gamer echoed this thought, and he described Siege as a "psychological race" in which players are constantly trying to outwit their opponents.[120] Ryan McCaffery from IGN also praised the tactical possibilities, which make the game "tense and riveting".[119] The large number of operators available for players to choose were praised by both Carter and Matt Bertz from Game Informer, who commented that they added depths and variety to the game and that players could experiment to see which pairs of operators can complement each other.[114] However, McCaffery was disappointed by the lack of variety of game modes and commented that most players usually neglect the mode's objectives and opted to simply eliminate their opponents.[119] Terrorist Hunt received divisive opinions from critics. Carter thought that it was more relaxing,[113] and Butterworth thought it was exhilarating. However, Bertz criticized its lack of variety, weak artificial intelligence, and its less-intense nature when compared with the player-versus-player modes.[114] Martin Robinson from Eurogamer also noted that the mode only ran at 30 frames per second, which limited its appeal.[125]

text: The game's focus on tactics was praised. Bertz applauded the tactical nature of the game, as it fostered communications between players. However, he noted that teamwork may not be possible if players did not have a headphone and microphone.[114] Arthur Gies from Polygon echoed these comments, stating that the game's over-reliance on teamwork meant that when teammates were not communicating, the game would not be fun to play.[121] The "No Respawn" system was praised by Butterworth for making each match feel intense, as even the best player needs to think tactically in order to win.[116] Jonathon Leack from Game Revolution enjoyed the scouting phase of a multiplayer match, which encouraged players to communicate with each other and coordinate their attacks.[115] However, Gies noted that the placement of game objectives does not vary much, thus making the scouting phase meaningless. Both Bertz and Butterworth agreed that the game's competitive nature increases the game's replay value.[114][116] Ben Griffin from GamesRadar praised the destruction mechanic for bringing tactical depth to the game.[117]

text: The gameplay received mixed reviews. Both Bertz and Griffin criticized the game's incompetent hit detection system, which made the experience unfair.[117] Bertz described the game's gunplay as "serviceable",[114] while Leack noticed a delay in shooting, which drags the game's pace and leads to a steep learning curve. However, Leack appreciated the game's map design, which opened many possibilities. He also praised its attention to detail and sound design, which can often make a multiplayer match feel like a "great action film".[115] Bertz was disappointed by the lack of customization options, which did not offer long-term progression for the players.[114] Butterworth similarly criticized the progression system for being slow. As players cannot play as the same operator in the same match, he was often forced to play as the generic "recruit" character when he was only at the beginning stage of the game. He also criticized the limited weapon customization options, which barely affect gameplay.[116] McCaffery described customization as the "least interesting" aspect of the game and claimed that most gameplay features were locked when players started playing.[119] Griffin, Gies, and Steven Burns from VideoGamer.com were annoyed by the microtransactions featured in the game,[122][121] with Griffin describing it as a greedy attempt by Ubisoft to make more money,[117] though Davenport did not mind these features as they were limited to cosmetic items and could be unlocked through earning Renown.[120] Bertz was annoyed the lack of clan infrastructure, which may cause players troubles when they were finding matches,[114] while Griffin thought that map rotation often felt random and was disappointed that players cannot vote to decide which map they are going to play next.[117]

text: Single-player was generally considered a disappointment by critics, with Situations receiving mixed reviews. Carter described it as one of his "favorite non-campaign additions" as the mode gave players incentive to return due to its rating system. Butterworth described it as a "surprisingly robust" mode and thought that there were great tutorial missions that help players to understand gameplay before trying multiplayer.[116] However, Bertz criticized it for its lack of replay value,[114] and Griffin noted their short length.[117] McCaffery thought that it served as a competent tutorial, but its solo play nature meant that players could not practice team play and tactics.[119] Davenport criticized the narrative in Situations, which he thought was not meaningful.[120] Many critics were disappointed with the lack of a single-player campaign or a cooperative campaign,[114][115] but Butterworth believed that the strong multiplayer components can compensate for this absence.[116] Gies noticed certain network issues would affect the single-player.[121]

text: Many critics generally had a positive opinion on the package. Bertz thought that the game's multiplayer design had laid a great foundation for the game, but it was not taken advantage of due to the small number of game modes.[114] Leack felt that Siege's tight focus on tactical gameplay had "provided something unlike any other game on the market".[115] Butterworth found the game very unique and that there was "nothing else like it" when he put aside the game's minor annoyances.[116] Griffin wrote that the title felt very fresh, as most games in the market did not value tactics.[117] Davenport similarly praised the game for being very concentrated and making no compromises on gameplay design, which in turn make the title one of the best tactical multiplayer shooters on the market.[120] Gies recognized the game's potential but thought that they were overshadowed by the game's numerous technical annoyances, frustrating progression system and its lack of content.[121] Robinson was impressed by the game's multiplayer mode, and that the overall package could be considered as the year's best multiplayer game. However, he questioned Ubisoft for releasing the game with so little content while still selling it at full-price.[125]

text: Sales

text: In May 2015, CEO of Ubisoft Yves Guillemot announced that the company expected the game to outsell Far Cry 4's seven million sales over the course of its lifetime because of post-launch support.[126] At the game's launch, it debuted at number six in UK Software Charts, selling 76,000 retail copies across all three platforms.[127] Critics thought that the launch performance was underwhelming and lacklustre.[128] However, through continued post-release support and updates, the player base had doubled since the game's launch.[129] Following the summer 2016 launch of the third DLC, Skull Rain, the size of the player base had a 40% increase, and the title had more than 10 million registered players.[130] Two years after launch, the game remained as one of the top 40 best-selling retail games in the UK.[46] The strong performance of Siege, alongside with Tom Clancy's The Division (2016) and Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Wildlands (2017) boosted the total number of players of the Tom Clancy's franchise to 44 million in 2017.[131] The post-launch success for Siege further solidified Ubisoft's belief in the model of "game as a service". Future Ubisoft multiplayer-focused titles – such as For Honor – adopted this structure, in which the company would provide free DLC and updates several years after the game's official release.[132] In August 2017, Ubisoft announced that the game had passed 20 million players and that the game was played by 2.3 million players every day.[133] Two years after the game's launch, Ubisoft announced that the game has passed 25 million registered players.[134] GameSpot described Siege as "one of modern AAA gamings biggest comebacks", and the best proof to show that the "games-as-a-service" model works well, attributing its success to Ubisoft's continuous updates and the thriving community.[135]

text: Accolades

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref

2014

Game Critics Awards

Best of Show

Nominated

[123][124]

Best PC Game

Won

Best Action Game

Nominated

Best Online Multiplayer Game

Nominated

2015

Game Critics Awards

Best PC Game

Nominated

[136]

Best Action Game

Nominated

Best Online Multiplayer Game

Nominated

Gamescom 2015

Best Online Multiplayer Game

Nominated

[137]

2016

Golden Joystick Awards 2016

Best Multiplayer Game

Nominated

[138]

The Game Awards 2016

Best Multiplayer Game

Nominated

[139]

2017

Golden Joystick Awards 2017

eSports Game of the Year

Nominated

[140]

The Game Awards 2017

Best Ongoing Game

Nominated

[141]

2018

14th British Academy Games Awards

Evolving Game

Nominated

[142][143]

Game Critics Awards

Best Ongoing Game

Nominated

[144][145]

Golden Joystick Awards 2018

Still Playing Award

Pending

[146]

eSports Game of the Year

Pending

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ Additional work by Ubisoft Kiev, Ubisoft Toronto, Ubisoft Barcelona.