document_title: The End of the F***ing World

question_text: where is the end of the f ing world filmed

text: The End of the F***ing World

text: Premise[edit]

text: James is a 17-year-old who believes he is a psychopath. He kills animals as a hobby, but grows bored of the practice. He decides he wants to try killing a human. He settles on Alyssa, a mouthy, rebellious 17-year-old classmate with issues of her own. She proposes they run away together, hoping for an adventure away from her turbulent home-life, and James agrees with the intention of finding an opportunity to kill her. They embark on a road trip across England, and begin to develop a relationship after a series of mishaps.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Alex Lawther as James, a 17-year-old who believes he is a psychopath; the disturbed love interest of Alyssa.[1] Jack Veal portrays a young James.
Jessica Barden as Alyssa, a rebellious teenage girl. Initially James' intended victim but later his love interest.[1] Holly Beechey portrays a young Alyssa.
Gemma Whelan as DC Eunice Noon, Darego's police partner.
Wunmi Mosaku as DC Teri Darego, Noon's stern police partner.
Steve Oram as Phil, James' caring father.
Christine Bottomley as Gwen, Alyssa's mother.
Navin Chowdhry as Tony, Alyssa's abusive stepfather.
Barry Ward as Leslie Foley, Alyssa's estranged drug-dealing father.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Kierston Wareing as Debbie, Leslie's ex-girlfriend with whom he has a child.
Geoff Bell as Martin, a family man and creep who gives Alyssa and James a ride.
Alex Sawyer as Topher, a young man Alyssa meets and attempts to engage in sexual activity with.
Jonathan Aris as Dr. Clive Koch, an author, professor, serial killer and James' first human victim.
Eileen Davies as Flora, Clive's mother.
Earl Cave as Frodo, a miserable petrol station employee.
Felicity Montagu as the manager of the petrol station.
Alex Beckett as Jonno, one of Leslie's buyers.
Leon Annor as Emil, an imposing store security guard whom Alyssa is caught by.
Matt King as DC Eddie Onslow.
Kelly Harrison as James' dead mother.
Zerina Imsirovic as Alyssa's baby-stepsister.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Episode
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
Episode 1
Jonathan Entwistle
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)[a]

James is a 17-year-old who believes he is a psychopath, having once intentionally burned his hand in a deep fryer in order to feel something, and has been killing animals since he was 8 years old. At school, he encounters Alyssa, a rebellious new schoolmate and decides that he will kill her next. He gets closer to her by feigning romantic interest and the two start dating. When Alyssa asks James to perform cunnilingus on her the next day, he begins preparing his knife and working out how he will kill her. However she arrives late as she was stuck at a party at her house where her stepfather tells her how it will be better if she just left. After this incident, she reaches James's home later than planned, and blurts out her desire to leave town with or without him and asks if he is in, wanting him to say yes. Resolving that he could kill her later, he accepts and steals his father Phil's car and punches him in the face, something he has always wanted to do.

2
Episode 2
Jonathan Entwistle
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

With their newfound freedom, Alyssa and James go play laser tag but end up having to dine and dash at a restaurant after realising they have spent all their money. After crashing their car, they hitchhike in the van of Martin, a middle-aged man who Alyssa does not take kindly to. While in the toilets of the restaurant they have stopped at for food, Martin follows James and asks about his burnt hand, before smelling it and putting it on his crotch; James is submissive, despite being disgusted by it. Alyssa sees this and blackmails Martin into giving her his wallet. After booking a hotel room, Alyssa goes to the bathroom and cries, while James waits with his knife by the door, hesitantly. He does not try to kill her. Alyssa calls home and her stepfather Tony answers. He denies her request to speak to her mother, Gwen, implying his dominance over her mother. Alyssa asks James whether he wants her or just goes along with her; he replies that he wants her. She decides to go see her biological father, Leslie, who she has not seen since she was 8 years old and James agrees to join her.

3
Episode 3
Jonathan Entwistle
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

After leaving the hotel, Alyssa argues against buying train tickets to her father's house, internally fearing that he will not recognise or welcome her. The duo break into the spacious and empty house of author Clive Koch. Later that day, Alyssa attempts to give James a blowjob but leaves, angrily, when a picture of Koch puts him off. During her walk, Alyssa meets Topher and brings him to the house, vindictively announcing to James that she will have sex with Topher. Distraught, he looks around the house and finds Polaroids and a camcorder with footage of victims, revealing Koch to be a serial rapist. Meanwhile, Alyssa becomes disinterested in Topher and stops before intercourse. Topher leaves angrily. While Alyssa is asleep, James tries to kill her, but he cannot because he knows he is falling in love with her. Koch returns home and suspecting a break-in, arms himself; James hides under the bed. When Koch questions Alyssa upon finding her in bed, she lies and says she is alone. Koch becomes malevolent, attempting to rape her. James stabs him in the neck with a knife, killing Koch, and saving Alyssa.

4
Episode 4
Jonathan Entwistle
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

After unsuccessfully trying to move Koch's body out of the bedroom, James and Alyssa meticulously clean the house to remove evidence of their stay. James shows Alyssa the Polaroids and footage proving that Koch might have hurt her, and they resolve to leave the evidence by his body. James hides the knife in the pool drain. When she questions him about the knife, he does not answer. Koch's mother, Flora, arrives at the house and discovers his body; she destroys the Polaroids but not the footage. The police, led by detective constables Eunice Noon and Teri Darego, investigate and later question Topher where he reveals Alyssa's and James's identity and presence at the house. They decide to put out a request for sightings or crimes "involving two teenagers" while putting Alyssa and James on the Missing Persons list. Despite James's attempts, Alyssa becomes distrustful of him and deserts him. He begins to realise the increasing influence of his emotions. Paying a group of teenagers to beat him up, he also realises his growing interest in her. James decides to report a murder to police, coming to the realization that he is not in fact a psychopath.

5
Episode 5
Jonathan Entwistle & Lucy Tcherniak
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

At the police station, James changes his mind about reporting Koch's murder and instead describes his mother's suicide as the "murder" he was referring to. In a flashback, his mother, Vanessa, killed herself in front of him eleven years before by driving her car into a pond. Thinking of Alyssa, James leaves the police station and returns to the cafe. Meanwhile, Phil is questioned by Noon and Darego about James, as well as informed about his car. He also confirms the inclusion of Alyssa. They also question Tony, who is rather nonchalant and self-absorbed, before moving to Gwen about Alyssa. Concurrently, Alyssa is caught by Emil, a security officer, while attempting to shoplift clean underwear, but is eventually let go. She returns to the cafe to find James waiting. Although without money, both reconcile and decide to go to Leslie. Meanwhile, investigators find James's knife at Koch's house.

6
Episode 6
Lucy Tcherniak
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

James hotwires a car and the duo begin making their way to Alyssa's father's house. They stop at a petrol station after running low on fuel. When Jocelyn, the petrol station manager, begins suspecting that they stole the car and have no money, James fakes carrying a gun to lock her in the toilet with the help of Jocelyn's co-worker, Frodo. However, when he wants to join, they wait until he is distracted to dash. Noon and Donaghue question Flora again about Clive, this time with years-old accusations of sexual assault against him. She rejects the allegations as lies and insists that the two leave. On their way to Leslie's, Alyssa calls Gwen and tells her that she will never return home. At the police station, Flora gives Noon the camcorder, having a change of heart. When Noon raises the possibility that the killing was in self-defence, Darego says that this would result in a count of manslaughter instead. After finding Leslie has moved out of his previous home, James and Alyssa eventually make it to his coastside mobile home.

7
Episode 7
Lucy Tcherniak
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

James gives Alyssa and Leslie space while they reconcile with each other. Leslie is revealed to be a drug dealer, as well as a non-conforming individual himself. Meanwhile, Tony, Gwen and Phil are emotionally shaken after being shown CCTV footage of the petrol station robbery. Both Darego and Noon plan for the police to stakeout Leslie's former residence, assuming that both have not arrived. On the drive to Leslie's former residence, it becomes clear that Darego's law-abiding morality and stubbornness are clashing against Noon's open-minded and sympathetic morals. As Alyssa and Leslie reconnect at a nearby bar, James begins feeling distant to Alyssa. At Leslie's former residence, Debbie denies seeing the duo or knowing Leslie's whereabouts to Noon and Darego. She goes to the bar to demand support for their illegitimate son, Milton. When questioned by Alyssa, Leslie takes off in his truck, running over a dog in the process. Although he has killed many animals before, James is unable to euthanise it with a rock; Alyssa does it instead. Bitter, Debbie reveals to Noon Leslie's location, later, and she drives there without Darego. Leslie sees a news report about Alyssa and James on the television.

8
Episode 8
Lucy Tcherniak
Charlie Covell
24 October 2017 (2017-10-24)

James and Alyssa bury the dog at the beach, then passionately and sincerely make out. At dawn, ruminating about their current situation, they decide to take the boat owned by Leslie and leave the country. When they ask Leslie for the boat keys, he reveals to them his knowledge of their crime then secretly calls 999 and tries to induce their confession. James deduces this and confesses while taking the blame upon himself. Noon, listening in, arrives at the scene and tries to convince both to be willingly arrested for manslaughter while Leslie tries to convince Alyssa to let James be arrested instead. Alyssa asks Noon if she were to go with her idea, would James and her still be together. When Noon tells that that would be unlikely, Alyssa knocks her out with Leslie's shotgun, takes his boat keys and runs to the boat with James, only to find that the tide had gone out. With the police armed response unit closing in, James knocks Alyssa down with the gun in an attempt to take all the blame and runs across the beach. In a voiceover, James claims that he has realized what people mean to each other. A gunshot is heard as the episode then fades to black.

text: Jump up ^ The first episode had a special premiere on Channel 4 alongside its release on All 4 with the rest of the programme.[2]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The series was based on the work of the same name by Charles Forsman. Originally self-published as a series of mini-comics, the series was published as a graphic novel by Fantagraphics Books in 2013. It was republished in hardback in 2017, in anticipation of the television series.[3]

text: While Forsman was publishing the mini-comics, Jonathan Entwistle contacted him about adapting it to a visual format – the original idea was to make an American film, and later a web series was considered. A film was pitched to Film4, and Entwistle was given funding for a short.[4] Made in 2014,[5] it featured some cast and crew who continued their roles for the television series. Entwistle directed and Dominic Buchanan was producer;[6] Jessica Barden played Alyssa. However, instead of Alex Lawther, James was played by Craig Roberts.[7]

text: Though the short was well-received, no production companies wanted to invest in the idea as a full-length film.[4] Entwistle and Buchanan decided to make a television series with Clerkenwell Films, following which Channel 4 and then Netflix became involved. Forsman had no official role in the show's production, wanting to continue working on his comics, though Entwistle would regularly consult him and keep him updated.[8]

text: The programme's plot differs from that of Forsman's comics. In print, the children kill a satanist serial killer, whose wife was a police officer; instead the television series features police officers Eunice Noon and Teri Darego, and does not show the serial killer to be a satanist.[9] Another major difference is the ending of the graphic novel: the satanist police officer chases after James, and the two begin to attack each other, while police try to break up the fight. There is then a gunshot. In the final scene, Alyssa's mother talks about her daughter being safe from James, while Alyssa is seen carving the name "JAMES" into her arm. Some critics interpreted this to mean that James was dead,[9] but Forsman sees the ending as ambiguous.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The first series began filming in April 2017 and concluded a few weeks before the show's release in October 2017. Though filmed in England, the programme has an American tone to it; Entwistle was inspired by Twin Peaks and Fargo. Episodes were filmed largely in suburban areas and across Surrey, with locations such as Woking, Bracknell and Longcross Studios.[4] Another filming location was Leysdown-on-Sea on the Isle of Sheppey.[10] Entwistle uses mostly close-up shots, particularly in early episodes where most frames feature only one character. He uses this for deadpan humour, by moving from face to face to get shots of characters' reactions.[4]

text: The series is set in the present day, but Entwistle aimed to make it feel like it could have been set "any time from 1988 to 2006". Additionally, diners have a 1970s-style design, and the soundtrack features songs from the 1950s, 60s and 70s, along with original music from Graham Coxon, the founding member of Blur. Entwistle describes Coxon's scores as "guitar-based suburban noir", and notes that more of his music is used in later episodes for the police officers.[4]

text: Potential continuation[edit]

text: The first series covered the entirety of the storyline in Forsman's original comics.[11] On 25 January 2018, Jonathan Entwistle spoke of the potential for a second series. He confirmed that "We're exploring and we're seeing what we can do to expand the world and see where we get to." Entwistle then went on to say that Netflix was enthusiastic about a second series of the show if one could be conceived.[12] Writer Charlie Covell said "I think there are a number of stories we could tell" and that she would "love to write more".[13] Actor Alex Lawther stated in an interview that he would be "very excited" for a second series, as it would give Covell "a chance to explore something from her imagination".[11]

text: Release[edit]

text: The eight-part programme premiered its first episode on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on 24 October 2017, after which all eight episodes were released on All 4.[2] The End of the F***ing World was a co-production with Netflix[2] who exclusively released it internationally on 5 January 2018.[14] On that weekend, sales of the graphic novel rose considerably, with Fantagraphics Books selling out of the current print run according to Forsman.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The End of the F***ing World' currently holds an approval rating of 98% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 8.21/10. The site's consensus states, "Misanthropy and humor blend perfectly in this romantically nihilistic show that proves that falling in love can feel like The End of the F***ing World."[15] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 81 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[16][17]

text: Reviewer Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter lauded the programme's writing, characters, and soundtrack, as well as praising the performances of Alex Lawther and Jessica Barden, calling it a "pitch-black, eight-episode comedy gem of a U.K. import."[18] Kelly Lawler of USA Today called it "batty fun," also praising Lawther and Barden's performances while praising the programme's surreal concept and execution.[19]


document_title: Temperance "Bones" Brennan

question_text: when do booth and bones become a couple

question_tokens: when do booth and bones become a couple

root

text: Temperance "Bones" Brennan

text: Character history[edit]

text: Temperance "Bones" Brennan is a forensic anthropologist who works in the Medico-Legal lab at the Jeffersonian Institute in Washington, D.C. She received her Ph.D. from Northwestern University, as stated in "The Girl in the Fridge". She has three doctorates, as referred to by Dr. Jack Hodgins in the episode "The Parts of the Sum in the Whole", in anthropology, forensic anthropology and kinesiology; it is implied that most of her work at the lab was related to either long-dead bodies or victims of genocide.[5][6]

tag: p

text: Her occasional contract work for the FBI shifted the focus of her work.[6] She was paired with FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth, and helped to solve two difficult cases;[5][6] since then, they have worked together almost exclusively on modern-day murder cases.

text: Brennan works with a group of other well-qualified colleagues, including the entomologist Jack Hodgins, her boss and forensic pathologist Camille Saroyan, forensic artist Angela Montenegro, and a host of eager graduate students. Booth refers to her crew of colleagues as "squints", because they come to crime scenes and squint at evidence. He is also responsible for her nickname, "Bones", which she initially detested.[5]

text: In the first-season finale (which aired on May 17, 2006), Brennan stated that she was born in 1976,[7] which would have made her either 29 or 30 (approximately the same age as Deschanel, who was born on October 11, 1976). In the fifth-season episode "The Death of the Queen Bee" (which aired nearly four years later, on April 15, 2010), it is implied that her then-current age was 33 years (based on Brennan's identification of a former high school classmate as the victim and statement that the classmate was 33).

text: First mentioned in season 1, Brennan has a love of dolphins, which she shared with her late mother: in the season one finale, "The Woman in Limbo", Brennan examines a custom-made belt with a dolphin on the buckle, which had belonged to her mother, and which she mentions having once borrowed without asking first. Brennan's love of dolphins is highlighted again in season 2 episodes "The Titan on the Tracks", "The Killer in the Concrete" and "Stargazer in a Puddle", when she mentions the constellation Delphinus, (the Dolphin), her and her mother's favorite. In season 6, "The Doctor in the Photo", she is shown to wear a dolphin ring.

text: In "Mummy in the Maze", Brennan exhibited ophidiophobia when confronted with snakes, but later only shows a moment of fright when confronted with another snake in "The Mastodon in the Room". She takes note of this, voicing her observation that she only seems to lose her head around snakes when Booth is also "there to be jumped upon", and also she mentions that she once had a pet snake during high school. It should also be noted that, in "The Man in the Morgue," Brennan handled a snake without any trace of fear, even while Booth is in the room.

text: In season one, in "A Man on Death Row", Dr. Brennan expresses her stance on the death penalty; "I believe in the death penalty. There are certain people who shouldn't be in this world. The people who hacked hundreds of innocent children to death in Rwanda; beheaded them at their desks at school! The people who did that, they should be executed." In "The Woman at the Airport", Dr. Brennan is shown to have a strong dislike for plastic surgeons, believing them to be no more than "glorified butchers with medical degrees", and this dislike is voiced again in season 4, in "Cinderella in the Cardboard". In "The Woman in the Car", Dr. Brennan reveals that her third doctorate is in kinesiology, a field that would allow her and Angela to unravel how one of the bodies that had been found had been killed.

text: In season two, she expressed the desire to get a pet pig, whom she would have named "Jasper". Brennan's expertise in kinesiology would again prove its worth in "The Truth in the Lye" (she could tell that one of the murder suspects was pregnant just from having observed her gait), in "The Girl with the Curl" (she could tell if one of the young beauty pageant contestants was suffering from scoliosis just by watching them perform on stage), and in "The Woman in the Sand" (while undercover with Booth, she was able to tell Booth exactly how to beat his opponent from just having watched his moves). In "Judas on a Pole", she and her brother are identified as having the same blood type, blood type O. In "Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House", she is shown to be a good cook: Booth's comment on her mac and cheese is that he'd "like to be alone with it".

text: In the season 3 episode, "Mummy in the Maze", it is revealed that Brennan's favorite superhero is Wonder Woman, and that she always goes as Wonder Woman to the Jeffersonian's Halloween party. In "The Baby in the Bough", it is revealed that Brennan is a registered foster parent, at her brother's request, to take in his stepdaughters in case anything should happen to him and his girlfriend. In the season 3 episode, "Intern in the Incinerator", Booth reveals that Brennan's favorite flower is a Daffodil, her second favorite flower is a Daisy, and her favorite planet is Jupiter.

text: In season 5, in "The Death of the Queen Bee", when asked if she'd had a pet rat, Brennan discloses that she, in fact, had a pet mouse, snake and some spiders. During her time at Burtonsville high school, her only friend was the school custodian, Ray Buxley, with whom she would enjoy long, in-depth conversations on life and death, and who would also provide her with dead animals to dissect (Brennan having set out to become a forensic anthropologist,) and who would later be one of her books' biggest fans (she having named the killer in her first book, Bred in the Bone, after him). According to the Burtonsville high school on-line yearbook entry on Brennan, in her senior year, she was a member of the Chemistry club and Math club, her interests were chemistry and mathematics, and she was a National Merit Scholar and an Academic All Star.

text: In the season 6 episode, "The Blackout in the Blizzard", Brennan mentions her pet iguana for the first time. This same episode show that one of the number of scientific publications that Brennan reads is Medicinal Physics Quarterly, with one article on electrostatics and triboluminescence proving useful during the lab's power outage. Further concerning her pet iguana in "The Truth in the Myth", as a part of his rehab from alcohol abuse, Vincent Nigel-Murry made apologies for, among other things, having borrowed her iguana one night, wearing him as a hat for a party. She comments that he must have taken good care of her iguana as she has observed nothing wrong with him and further expresses some surprise that Vincent Nigel-Murry was able to get her iguana to stay perched atop his head, to which he replies that he was good with ribbons.

text: In season 8, "The Tiger in the Tale", Booth mentions to Sweets that Dr. Brennan once took Peyote with Native Americans.

text: In season 11, "The Senator in the Street Sweeper", Dr. Brennan is mentioned to be a member of the Green Party of the United States along with Dr. Hodgins.

text: Family and early life[edit]

text: Although Brennan seemed to have a relatively normal childhood, her parents disappeared when she was 15 years old.[8] Her older brother Russ, himself still an adolescent, was unable to care for her and she was put in the foster care system. By the time she started college she had been to twelve different schools and has specifically said that she hated the lack of consistency.[9]

text: There has been contradictory evidence about her time in the system; in one episode, Brennan stated that her grandfather got her out of the foster system,[10] but in a later episode, she indicates that she never knew her grandparents (possibly the two references are to two separate sets of grandparents, paternal and maternal).[11] However, taking into consideration the fact that Brennan's parents had assumed new identities when she was 3-years-old, the grandfather who had taken her in from her time in the foster system may not have been her biological grandfather.

text: Her time in foster care was quite traumatic and abusive; Brennan indicated that she was once locked in the trunk of a car for two days because she broke a plate,[12] and in the episode "The Finger in the Nest", she reveals to Booth that she walked into her elderly neighbor's house to find the woman dead. In the same episode, she also mentions to Booth that her parents were very concerned about her afterwards, because she started faking her own death. In Season 2, she mentions that during her time in the foster care system, she kept a list of foster homes she had been kicked out of on the bottom of her shoe.

text: In the first season she hands Booth the file on her parents' disappearance and he agrees to look into it as a personal favor.[13] It is later revealed in Season 2 that her parents, who were bank robbers specializing in safety deposit boxes, changed the family's identity after they stole some damaging FBI documents regarding the murder of an FBI agent and the false imprisonment of civil rights activist Marvin Beckett. Brennan's birth name was Joy Keenan.[7] Her mother (real name Ruth Keenan, known under the assumed identity of Christine Brennan) had hoped to someday return to her children and family, but made a tape for Brennan to watch on her 16th birthday in case that never happened. Brennan later discovered that Ruth/Christine was murdered in 1993, two years after she and her husband went on the run.

text: Her father Max Keenan re-entered Brennan's life when she and her brother were being threatened by an old acquaintance, who turned out to be Booth's boss, Deputy Director Kirby.[14] Max evades capture after killing Kirby, and takes Russ into hiding to protect him.[14] Later, Max allows Booth to arrest him in order to improve his relationship with his daughter.[11] At trial, Max is acquitted of murdering Director Kirby (due in large part to a defense Booth indirectly came up with, positing an alternate theory of the crime in which Temperance was the killer instead, creating reasonable doubt), and he begins to rebuild his life.[15]

text: He temporarily works at the Jeffersonian as a guide for children visiting the place and demonstrates his brilliant talent as a former science teacher. However, Brennan is concerned about a convicted felon having access to a lab that investigates crimes.[16] Max also introduces Brennan to her cousin Margaret Whitesell,[17] portrayed by Deschanel's real-life sister Zooey Deschanel.

text: Brennan is best friends with her coworker, Angela, saying in the 6th-season premiere she loves Angela "like a sister" and is going to be an aunt to Hodgins' and Angela's newborn child. It is revealed at the end of the season six finale "The Change in the Game" that Brennan is pregnant and the father is Booth.

text: In Season 7, episode 2 "The Hot Dog in the Competition", Brennan and Booth found out they were having a baby girl. Their daughter, Christine Angela Booth (named for Brennan's mother and her best friend), was born in a stable during the episode "The Prisoner in the Pipe". In the Season 7 finale, "The Past in the Present", key evidence in the death of her friend, Ethan Sawyer, is linked to Brennan. Max convinces her to go on the run along with Christine, saying that if she is arrested, even if she is found innocent, she may never see her daughter again.

text: In Season 8 premiere, it is revealed that while on the run, Brennan was communicating with Angela, via flowers, and eventually used this as a way to communicate with Booth. Despite being on the run, Brennan risks her safety and decides to meet directly with Booth in a hotel room after months of being a single mother. Eventually, they arrest Christopher Pelant, who was the real murderer of Ethan Sawyer, and Brennan is allowed to return to her family. Although Pelant blackmails Booth to prevent him from accepting Brennan's proposal by threatening to kill five innocent people if Booth accepted, also warning Booth not to give a reason for his refusal, this threat is removed when the team manage to kill Pelant, and Booth and Brennan marry in the Season 9 episode 'The Woman in White'.

text: In the Season 10 episode, "The Eye in the Sky", Brennan learns that she is pregnant with her and Booth's second child.

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Throughout the course of the series, Brennan is portrayed as a straightforward, brilliant anthropologist, who lacks social skills. Her social ineptitude is especially apparent when it comes to sarcasm, metaphors which she often interprets literally, and pop culture jokes and is often the source of comedy in the show.[5] An example of this is when she mistakes Colin Farrell for Will Ferrell.[10] In earlier seasons, she was characterized as straightforward and unable to detect social cues – she states that Booth once told her that she "stinks at non-verbal communication"[18] – and was well-known within the FBI for being extremely difficult to work with. She began to acknowledge her lack of sensitivity after Booth bluntly told her outright that she was "bad with people" in "A Boy in a Tree". Her lack of "political savvy" and social skills was also a reason why she was passed over for Dr. Camille Saroyan as head of the Jeffersonian in Season 2. Other characters have described her as "no fun"[19] and "a rigid traditionalist".[9]

text: She had a difficult adolescence, and it is implied, often by Sweets, that her withdrawn social tendencies are a defense mechanism. She also sometimes struggles in identifying and explaining her emotions, and takes comfort in the rationality of her anthropological discipline. Although it has been stated that Brennan was based on a person with Asperger syndrome, this has never been confirmed in the plot of the series.[20] The creator of the series has stated that the character was never labeled as having the syndrome in order to increase the appeal of the show on network television.[21] This influence on her character also helps to explain her extreme rationality in early seasons, as well as some of her social difficulties. Brennan is a self-proclaimed atheist and often points out what she believes to be the irrationality of religious and spiritual beliefs. This has led to more than one argument with Booth, who is a devout Roman Catholic; he becomes particularly irate when she compares less common religions, such as voodoo, to Christianity.[22] During the Sleepy Hollow crossover episode "Dead Men Tell No Tales", Sleepy Hollow protagonist Ichabod Crane notes that Brennan is so sceptical that she would dismiss the demon Moloch — the primary antagonist in the first two seasons of Sleepy Hollow — as nothing more than a tall man with a skin condition, although this does leave him reassured that she will not realise the nature of the secret tomb they have uncovered underneath the White House.

text: Brennan is a bestselling author, who has been on the New York Times Best Seller List for 18 weeks.[23] She is trained in three types of martial arts,[22][24] has hunting licenses in four states,[22] and has a legally registered gun[5] as well as a diving certificate.[25] She promised to consider becoming a vegetarian after seeing how pigs were slaughtered (which was also the way her mother had been killed).[7] However, in "The Tough Man in the Tender Chicken" (season 5, episode 6) Angela cites health reasons for Brennan's vegetarian diet. Brennan is also a trained amateur highwire performer,[26] and speaks at least seven other languages, including Spanish,[27] French,[5] Latin,[28] Chinese,[29] Pashto[30] Japanese,[31] Norwegian (although she says only "skull" and avers that, as a forensic anthropologist, this is a word she knows "in just about every language"),[12] Farsi, and German.[32] She has also admitted to knowing a bit of Russian.[26] She often says she does not "put much stock in psychology" and makes a point of noting that Dr. Sweets is not a real scientist as he "bases his life on the vagary of psychology and emotions".

text: Brennan's personality undergoes significant changes throughout the course of the series. Her thinking becomes less rigid in later seasons, something which is observed by Dr. Gordon Wyatt, who notes that she is now able to distinguish the difference between accuracy and truth.[33] In season 4, Booth takes her along to his interrogations and helps her learn how to set aside her scientific perspective and relate with the victim's family and suspects on a more interpersonal level. She is also able to put aside her rationality to support her friends in sometimes irrational pursuits, such as Angela's quest to raise money to save a pig from slaughter,[34] and to comfort Booth, even using science or quoting directly from the Bible to rationalize his religious beliefs. Her sensitivity and empathy towards others are also much improved, seen quite strongly when she comforts his grandfather,[35] and when she attends a funeral so that the victim's single mother won't be alone.[17] She also displays more "typical" human emotions when in extreme stress. One example of this is her fear of snakes in "The Mummy in the Maze," when a girl is in the process of being scared to death in a room, the floor teeming with snakes. This goes against her empirical nature, as, when Booth tells her that the snakes aren't venomous, she states that she is aware, but still refuses to step in the room, causing Booth to carry her on his back.

text: Brennan begins to feel both dissatisfaction and discomfort with her work toward the end of the fifth season.[36] She also sees some futility in her work, stating that no matter how many killers they catch, there will always be more.[37] To help her gain new perspective, she later decides to head up an anthropological expedition to Indonesia for a year to identify some ancient proto-human remains, after mulling it over during the episode.[37] However, 7 months later, she and everyone else return to D.C. in order to save Cam's job, and they all decide to stay.

text: As season 6 progresses, Brennan must confront her feelings for Booth, whom she rejected in the 100th episode from the previous season. Having returned from 7 months of introspection, she has come to terms with her romantic affection towards him, even admitting that she regretted not having given them a chance together, midway through the season. However, Booth returns from Afghanistan with a new love interest, war correspondent Hannah Burley, whom Brennan befriends. When Hannah rejects Booth's marriage proposal, Brennan must help him through the emotional fallout.

text: In the second to last episode of season 6 Booth and Brennan had sex, consummating their relationship, and it is revealed in the last few moments of the season finale that as a result, Brennan has become pregnant, with Booth the father. Throughout the episode ("The Change in the Game") Brennan has been seen asking Angela questions and making comments that make her seem excited and apprehensive; when she sees that Booth is happy with the news, she also seems overjoyed. This reflects her earlier desire to become a mother, circa season 4, as well as her desire that Booth be the father of the baby.

text: In the Season 8 episode "The Shot in the Dark", Brennan is shot while working in the lab late at night. While undergoing emergency surgery, she experiences a vision of meeting with her deceased mother, Christine Brennan. Initially dismissing this as a hallucination, Brennan experiences several more visions throughout the episode. During these discussions, it's revealed that Brennan's hyper rationalization originates from the very last piece of advice her mother gave to her (before going on the run) which was to use her brain instead of her heart. While that advice enabled Brennan to survive all these years, the vision of her mother explains, it's now time for Brennan to do more than just survive.

text: Since entering a relationship with and marrying Booth and then having children, the character has undergone development personally and is shown to be a caring wife and protective mother. She would often put aside her own atheistic views and uses her hyper-rationality to justify Booth's religious beliefs, as shown in season 8 where she references the Bible in order to persuade Booth to forgive his mother[38] and in the season finale where she agrees to a church wedding, rationalizing that she could appreciate the "beauty" of the ceremony and its significance to Booth.[39]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Brennan has had a number of relatively short relationships, including an ill-fated date with a man who turned out to be a murderer[40] and the re-kindling of a romance with her former thesis supervisor. She has stated that although she does not always feel the need for a committed emotional relationship, she has engaged in casual relationships to "satisfy biological urges".[41] In one episode, she was spending time with two men, one for his intelligence and the other for his sexual skills.[42] In Season 5, episode "The Plain in the Prodigy", she tells Booth she lost her virginity at the age of 22 and when asked why she waited so long, she said it was because the decision was "important to her". FBI psychologist Lance Sweets postulates in a number of episodes that Brennan's apprehension over having relationships is largely due in part to the abandonment and abuse she experienced as a teenager after her parents disappeared. It is said that she "hides" herself behind a front of hyper-rationalism and she always keeps people at arms' length, except for those closest to her (namely FBI partner Seeley Booth and best friend Angela Montenegro). After much character growth, Temperance Brennan is now married to her principal love interest of the series Seeley Booth, and they have a daughter (Season 7) and a son together.

text: Seeley Booth[edit]

text: FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth is Brennan's husband and partner, and the principal liaison between the Jeffersonian and law enforcement agencies. Prior to their marriage, he is also Brennan's principal love interest throughout the series. Although his working style initially clashed with Brennan's,[5] they have since become full-fledged partners. Their compatibility has become one of the central points of the show, with many new characters mistaking them for a couple and co-workers, especially Angela, constantly speculating that they were "more than partners".[22] Booth and Brennan have repeatedly risked their safety to save each other, including when Booth took a bullet meant for Brennan.[23] After Booth rescues Brennan from the corrupt Agent Kenton, Booth lifts her off the hook she was hung on by putting her tied hands around his neck even though he himself was severely injured.[43] In "Two Bodies in the Lab", in season 1, and in "The Rocker in the Rinse Cycle", in season 5, Brennan and Booth's mutual love for Foreigner's Hot Blooded is mentioned; Booth even refers to it as 'their song' in "The Rocker in the Rinse Cycle". Brennan once commented to Dr. Gordon Wyatt (Stephen Fry) that she "[couldn't] think of anything [she] wouldn't do to help Booth."[44] Brennan's novels are also dedicated to him and the character Special Agent Andy Lister is based on him even though she still denies it.

text: Initially Brennan was mostly dismissive of Booth due to their opposing worldviews and work styles – which is a source of friction and banter between them. Although she refused to admit it at first, Brennan enjoyed working with him from the beginning, even after their falling out when Booth got her drunk and "fired" her, and, in Season 1, she cajoled him into launching an investigation after finding three bone fragments on a golf course so he could work with the Jeffersonian team on the case despite the fact that the FBI technically had no jurisdiction.[13] She often unknowingly offends him on a number of occasions during the first few seasons with her tactlessness, only realizing after being gently admonished by Angela or another member of the team.[45][46][47] She comes to admire his ability to connect with people and read behavioral cues when interrogating suspects after coming to terms with her own lack of social skills. After finding out about his abusive childhood and haunted past in the Army, she also begins to respect him as a person. Booth, who is particularly taciturn in revealing emotions or speaking about his past, begins to open up to and confide in her. Since entering a relationship with (and eventually marrying) Booth, she is shown to be extremely supportive of him,[48][49][50] even at the expense of her friendship with Angela.[19] Additionally, she put aside her own misgivings several times for Booth's benefit; for example, she agrees to have Christine christened into the Catholic church and referenced the Bible when trying to talk Booth into forgiving his mother.

text: Brennan acquired the nickname "Bones" from Booth. She initially disliked it but comes to regard it with affection. Booth and his son Parker are the only characters in the show she permits to use it and the former rarely addresses her by her first name or "Tempe".

text: In Season 2 Brennan shot and killed a person for the first time while working on a string of murders connected to serial killer Howard Epps. She was forced to pull the trigger after Epps' accomplice attacked and injured Booth with a pipe. At the end of the episode she confides in Booth of her conflicted feelings and finds comfort in the fact that Booth understood how she felt.[51]

text: The relationship between Brennan and Booth has often become strained when either partner has a significant other. For example, Booth was quite irritable when Brennan dated Agent Sully,[52] and their relationship was also strained when Booth's brother Jared was showing an interest in Brennan. Brennan constantly needled Booth while he was dating Tessa.

text: When Brennan decided that she wanted to have a baby, she asked Booth if he would be the sperm donor. He agrees to Brennan's request at first, but subsequently struggles with the thought of not being involved in the life of his prospective child. Eventually he tells Brennan he cannot let her have his child if he is not allowed to be a father to it. Soon thereafter, it is discovered that he has a (benign) brain tumour.[53] He has to undergo surgery, and though the surgery is successful, a poor reaction to anesthesia left him in a coma for several days. While in his coma, Brennan reads to him from her new novel, and he has an elaborate dream in which Brennan is his wife and that she is pregnant, and that the staff at the Jeffersonian play the characters in the novel. When he awakens, he initially suffers from amnesia, not recognizing Brennan.[54][55]

text: Although for the majority of the series Booth and Brennan denied that their relationship was anything more than friendly professionalism, they admitted to Dr. Sweets that they kissed and nearly spent the night together after their very first case together. After this discussion, Booth attempted to convince Brennan to give a relationship a try. However, she declined, telling him that she, unlike him, is not a gambler, and isn't able to take that kind of a chance.[6] They have subsequently attempted to date other people,[56] although the fact that Booth once comments that he regards Brennan as his "standard" for other women suggests that he, at least, has not completely moved on. Brennan does admit to her best friend Angela Montenegro that as time has gone on, she is unsure if she wants to keep doing consulting work for the FBI, citing that she is tired of murderers and victims, and is constantly worried that something will happen to Booth and she will be unable to save him. In the climax of Season Five, Brennan and Booth part ways for a year – he goes to Afghanistan while she leaves for the Maluku Islands in Indonesia – but they promise to meet, one year from that day, at the Lincoln Memorial.[37]

text: In the beginning of season six (7 months later), they reunite in the stated place. Booth came back from Afghanistan, along with everyone else from various places, to help save Cam's job. They all decided to stay. Booth has a serious new girlfriend, Hannah, and despite the hints of her colleagues at Brennan's unconscious jealousy of their relationship, she vehemently denies feeling uncomfortable with the new situation. Through subsequent episodes her jealousy and resentfulness began becoming more apparent as Hannah and Booth started becoming more serious. In the episode "The Doctor in the Photo", Brennan realizes she is in love with Booth and confronts him, but she is let down when Booth says that he loves Hannah and she is not a "consolation prize", prompting Brennan to conclude that she has missed her chance, later reflecting that she should move on. In episode 10 of the sixth season "The Body in the Bag", Booth tells his girlfriend about the incident, stating that it (his love for Temperance) was all in the past and whatever he felt, he does not feel it anymore, except for Hannah. However it was clear in the following episode that he still has feelings for Brennan.

text: Despite her apparent resolve to move on, Brennan later showed sorrow when her father noted that he always thought she and Booth would end up together. During a subsequent case involving a polygamist who would spend the night with his first wife on the night he was scheduled to sleep alone, Booth commented that, while you can love several people, there is only ever one person you love the most, prompting Brennan to ask what happens when you push that person away, something Booth answered saying that it never truly leaves, adding further weight to the implication that he still has feelings for Brennan. Following Hannah's departure, the two have begun to reconnect, to the point that, during a case that saw the two trapped in an elevator during a blackout for several hours, Booth and Brennan admitted that they are each interested in a relationship, but require more time to sort out their own feelings before they make such a commitment.

text: In episode 22 of season 6, "The Hole in the Heart", which saw the death of Vincent Nigel-Murray (Brennan's favorite intern) at the hands of renegade sniper Jacob Broadsky, Booth has Brennan stay at his apartment for her safety. Later that night, Brennan, still overcome with shock and grief over Vincent's death, goes into Booth's bedroom and they talk about the events of that day, and then allows Booth to hold her in bed. It is implied in the following day that they had sex. In the last scene of the season 6 finale, "The Change in the Game", after the birth of Angela and Hodgins' son, Brennan tells Booth that she is pregnant and that he is the father.

text: At the start of Season 7, a very pregnant Brennan and Booth are a couple but are going back and forth between apartments. Booth suggests that they should have their own place, whereas Brennan wants Booth to move into her apartment. It causes a minor rift between them, but is resolved when Booth admits why he wants to move into a new house and Brennan having some time to think over it says it's a good idea because she'd need him practically, emotionally and sexually. In episode 6, "The Crack in the Code," they decide to buy a two-story house in the suburbs—which they jokingly called "The Mighty Hut"—that Booth found at a police auction and renovate it, (according to a mailed check sent to Brennan in "The Heiress in the Hill", in season 9, the "Mighty Hut"'s address is "1297 Janus Street, Washington DC, 20002"). In episode 7, "The Prisoner in the Pipe", Brennan goes into labor inside a prison just as she discovers who killed in an inmate there and Booth rushes her out with the intention to take her to the nearest hospital, but they both know she won't make it in time. This leads them to driving to an inn close to the prison. At first, they are rejected and are told to leave, but after some desperate pleading from an agonized Brennan, the two of them are led to a stall where she gives birth to their daughter, Christine Angela Booth (named after Temperance's mother, Christine Brennan, and Temperance's best friend Angela Montenegro). Some time after the delivery, Temperance and Seeley both go back to their home where they celebrate with their friends from the Jeffersonian, who brought dinners that would last a few nights as well as a few baby supplies. In "The Past in the Present", Brennan becomes the prime suspect in the murder of her schizophrenic friend, Ethan Sawyer, after supposedly threatening to kill Christine. Max advises Brennan to get off the grid and go into hiding, but she and Booth do not follow up at this suggestion. However, at the end of the episode, after Christine is christened in a Catholic church, it is revealed Brennan decided to take her father's advice and flee with her daughter until her name is cleared. Just before Brennan flees town with Christine, she tells Booth she loves him and not just because of their daughter. After she is cleared of Sawyer's murder, Brennan, Booth and Christine resume their family life.

text: At the end of Season 8, Brennan finally decides to marry Booth. However, their plans are ruined when a vengeful Christopher Pelant blackmails Booth, threatening to kill five random people if Booth marries Brennan. Booth calls off the wedding, but does not explain the real reason to Brennan. Brennan is devastated but pretends to be fine with this.[57][58] In the season 9 premiere, Brennan fears that since Booth turned down her proposal, she fears that the love from their life is fading. After talking with bartender Aldo Clemens, a former priest and Army chaplain Booth confessed to, she realizes that it was uncharacteristic for Booth to suddenly cancel the wedding as he believed in marriage and that he likely had a legitimate reason to do so. Despite her colleagues' anger at Booth, she decides to stay with him, telling him that she understands that he has his reasons and has faith that he will resolve the issue. In the episode 4, "The Sense in the Sacrifice", after Booth singlehandedly tracks Pelant down through an abandoned building and kills him with a single gunshot, he reveals to her that Pelant had blackmailed him. Pelant had threatened to kill five innocent people if Booth continued with the wedding or went to the police or FBI. At the end of the episode he proposes and she happily accepts; unknown to them, Caroline, Angela and Hodgins witnessed it via the security cameras. In "The Woman in White", Booth and Brennan marry at a small garden ceremony outside the Jeffersonian.

text: Tim "Sully" Sullivan[edit]

text: Brennan had a brief relationship with FBI Agent Tim Sullivan (Eddie McClintock), also known as Sully, whom she met while on a case when Booth was in therapy due to his grief-induced rage over his self-perceived role in the death of serial killer Howard Epps. Sully asked Dr. Brennan out on a date after their case was completed, and they began a relationship.[52] Their relationship ended, however, when Sully decided to sail a boat down to the Caribbean, and Brennan declined to leave the Jeffersonian to go with him despite Angela trying to persuade her to follow him;[29] psychiatrist Doctor Gordon Wyatt (Stephen Fry) speculated that this was due to Brennan being unable to live a life without purpose. Despite Dr. Wyatt's original perception as to why she stayed, there exist strong indications, especially through Angela's observations of the situation, that the real reason she stayed was because of Booth. Sully returns in Season 12.


document_title: Shark Tale

question_text: who plays ernie and bernie in shark tale

text: Shark Tale

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Reef City, an underachieving bluestreak cleaner wrasse named Oscar fantasizes about being rich and famous while making his way to work as a tongue scrubber at the local Whale Wash, a job in which he is following in his father's footsteps. Soon after arriving he is called to the office of his boss, a pufferfish named Sykes, to discuss the fact that he owes "five thousand clams" and has to pay it back by the next day. After explaining this to his angelfish best friend Angie, she offers him a chance to pay back the money by pawning a pink pearl that was a gift from her grandmother. Oscar brings the money to the race track to meet Sykes, but becomes distracted by his dreams of grandeur. Upon hearing that the race is rigged, he places it all on a long-shot bet by the name of "Lucky Day". Such a million dollar bet is noticed nearby by a beautiful lionfish named Lola, who flagrantly seduces an excited Oscar, but Oscar is disappointed when she leaves upon learning that he is a whale washer. Sykes is furious that Oscar bet the money but nonetheless agrees to see how the race turns out. Moments before their betted "horse" crosses the finish line, he trips and falls on the line.

text: Meanwhile, outside of the reef in the wreck of an old ocean liner a family of criminally-inclined great white sharks has a problem with one of their sons, Lenny, who is a vegetarian and refuses to act the part of a killer, wishing not to have to live up to those expectations. His crime lord father, Don Edward Lino, orders Lenny's more savage older brother Frankie to tutor Lenny in the family business. After the two sharks depart their father, Frankie sees Oscar being electrocuted by Sykes' two jellyfish enforcers Ernie and Bernie and sends Lenny off to attack. The jellyfish spots Lenny and flee, leaving Oscar alone with him. Lenny frees him, upsetting Frankie who becomes annoyed and charges at Oscar. However, Frankie is killed when an anchor falls on him. Lenny flees, overcome with grief and guilt. As no other witnesses were present and Oscar was seen near the body, everyone comes to believe that he killed Frankie, an opportunity that Oscar decides to exploit for fame.

text: Oscar returns to the city with a new title of the Sharkslayer. Sykes becomes his manager, Lola becomes his girlfriend, and Oscar moves to the "top of the reef" to live in luxury. At the same time, after Frankie's funeral, Don Lino, very worried about Lenny, has everyone out looking for Lenny. When several sharks get close to Oscar's neighborhood, Oscar's neighbors expect him to drive them away so he goes and runs into Lenny. Since he does not wish to return home, Lenny forces Oscar to let him stay with him since he is aware of Oscar's lie. Soon, Angie finds out about the lie as well and threatens to tell everyone. Oscar and Lenny convince her to keep quiet, though she is heartbroken by Oscar's dishonesty. Oscar's situation is not helped by the shallowed Lola, who indicates to him that her interest in him extends only as far as he remains famous. With Don Lino planning revenge, Oscar and Lenny stage an event in which Lenny pretends to terrorize the town and Oscar must defeat him throwing him into the depths of the ocean. Though this further cements Oscar as the Sharkslayer, it greatly angers Don Lino. Oscar leaves Lola for Angie after Angie reveals that she had feelings for Oscar even before he became famous, but this leaves the rebuffed Lola determined to get revenge.

text: Oscar buys some Valentine's Day gifts for Angie, but before he can present them to her, he finds that Don Lino has kidnapped Angie to force a sit-down. Lenny comes along now disguised as a dolphin named Sebastian. They arrive at the meeting to find Lola next to Don Lino, while Angie is tied up and gagged and presented to Don Lino on a plate who prepares to eat her if Oscar does not comply. Lenny grabs Angie into his mouth, but later regurgitates her. When Don Lino realizes that "Sebastian" is really Lenny, he chases Oscar through the reef. Oscar heads for the Whale Wash and ends up trapping both sharks. He is given an ovation by the other fish, but Oscar confesses that he is not a "Sharkslayer" and reveals the truth behind Frankie's death. He then tells Don Lino that everyone likes Lenny for who he is and strongly urges him not to prejudge people before he knows them properly and make the mistakes he made in prejudging his wealth. Realizing that Oscar is right, Don Lino apologizes to Lenny and reconciles with him while making peace with Oscar, stating that he and his gang bear him no ill will. Oscar forsakes all the wealth he has acquired, makes peace with the sharks, becomes co-manager of the Whale Wash (now frequented by sharks, killer whales, and swordfish), and starts dating Angie and enjoys a happy, honest life.

text: During the credits, Lola tries to find Oscar to make amends, but all she finds is a hermit crab named Crazy Joe, one of Oscar's friends.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Will Smith as Oscar, an underachieving bluestreak cleaner wrasse worker in the Whale Wash of Reef City who wants to be rich, but his schemes always fail and he ends up owing five thousand clams to his boss.
Robert De Niro as Don Edward Lino, a great white shark and leader of a mob of criminally-inclined great white sharks, who wants his two sons to take over his business and run it together, but becomes infuriated when Oscar gets in the way following one of his sons' death. James Gandolfini was originally set to voice the character, but had to drop out.[3][4]
Renée Zellweger as Angie, Oscar's angelfish best friend and co-worker, who harbors a secret unrequited love for him.
Jack Black as Lenny Lino, Don Lino's youngest son, who is a vegetarian.
Angelina Jolie as Lola, a seductive female gold-digger lionfish whom Oscar develops a romantic interest in.
Martin Scorsese as Sykes, the pufferfish owner of the Whale Wash and a loan shark to whom Oscar owes five thousand clams. He once worked with Don Lino, but was thrown out and called in his debts to pay off the gangster.
Ziggy Marley and Doug E. Doug as Ernie and Bernie, two Jamaican jellyfish and Sykes' enforcers, who enjoy jabbing Oscar with their vicious stingers when he is in trouble with their boss.
Michael Imperioli as Frankie Lino, Lenny's older brother and Don Lino's eldest and more savage son, who shares embarrassment of Lenny's vegetarian tendencies with his father.
Vincent Pastore as Luca, Don Lino's green octopus "left-hand, right-hand man", with a tendency to state the obvious much to Lino's annoyance.
Peter Falk as Don Ira Feinberg, an elderly leopard shark and leader of a mob of criminally-inclined leopard sharks, who is a friend of Don Lino performing karaoke (badly) at the sharks' headquarters.
Katie Couric as Katie Current, the local reporter of Reef City in the U.S. release. At the time, Katie Couric hosted Today in America.[5] In the Australian release, then local Today co-host Tracy Grimshaw dubbed the lines.[5] Fiona Phillips of the UK's GMTV performed the voice for the British release of the film.[6] Cristina Parodi of Italy's Verissimo provided the Italian version of the character.[7]
David P. Smith as Crazy Joe, a deranged hermit crab who is Oscar's other friend. He normally lives in a dumpster near the Whale Wash.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was originally developed under the title of Sharkslayer.[8] By September 2003, however, it had been retitled Shark Tale, to make it less violent and more family friendly.[9][10] Bill Damaschke, the producer of the film, explained the change of the title: "We set out to make a movie a little more noir, perhaps a little darker than where we've landed."[11] In April 2002, production officially began.[3]

text: The film was produced concurrently with Finding Nemo, another animated film set underwater, which was released a year and a half before Shark Tale. DreamWorks Animation's CEO, Jeffrey Katzenberg, defended the film, saying that "any similarities are mere coincidence. We've been open with the Pixar people so we don't step on each other's toes."[4]

text: Release[edit]

text: Shark Tale had its worldwide premiere on September 10, 2004 in Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy.[12] Screening as part of the Venice Film Festival, it marked the first time that Piazza San Marco was closed for a premiere of a major feature film.[12] The film was projected on the largest inflatable screen in the world, measuring more than six stories tall and over 3,900 square feet (360 m2). It required 20,000 cubic feet (570 m3) of air to inflate and more than 50 tons of water for stabilization.[12] The premiere was attended by 6,000 visitors,[13] including Will Smith, Angelina Jolie, Robert De Niro, and Michael Imperioli.[12] Jeffrey Katzenberg, the executive producer of the film, explained that they "wanted to find a unique way to introduce this movie to the world. We needed a big idea. … More than anything, we are in showbusiness. This is the show part."[13]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Shark Tale opened at #1 with $47.6 million, which was, at the time, the second-highest opening for a DreamWorks Animation film behind Shrek 2 ($108 million).[14] It remained as the #1 film in the U.S. and Canada for its second and third weekends.[15]

text: Overall, the movie grossed $160,861,908 in North America and $206,413,111 internationally, bringing its worldwide total to $367,275,019.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received a 35% "Rotten" rating at the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus: "Derivative and full of pop culture in-jokes."[16] On another review aggregator, Metacritic, the film holds a 48 out of 100 rating or "mixed or average reviews."[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: John Mancini, the founder of the Italic Institute of America, protested Shark Tale for perpetuating negative stereotypes of Italian-Americans.[19] DreamWorks reacted by changing the name of Peter Falk's character from Don Brizzi to Don Feinberg. However, Mancini demanded that everything Italian—character names, the mannerisms, the forms of speech—be dropped.[19] The American Family Association, a Christian conservative organization, raised concerns about Shark Tale, suggesting that it was designed to promote the acceptance of gay rights by children.[20]

text: Roger Ebert gave Shark Tale two out of four stars, observing, "Since the target audience for Shark Tale is presumably kids and younger teenagers, how many of them have seen the R-rated Godfather and will get all the inside jokes? Not a few, I suppose, and some of its characters and dialogue have passed into common knowledge. But it's strange that a kid-oriented film would be based on parody of a 1972 gangster movie for adults." He also opined that younger viewers would have trouble enjoying a film about adult characters with adult problems, such as an elaborate love triangle and a main character wanting to clear his debt with loan sharks, and compared it to more successful fish-focused animated features like Pixar Animation Studios' Finding Nemo, which Ebert felt featured a simpler plot that audiences could more easily identify with.[21] However, Richard Roeper commented that although the film wasn't on the same level as Finding Nemo, it was definitely a film worth seeing.[22]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Shark Tale was released on DVD and VHS[23] on February 8, 2005, accompanied with a DVD-exclusive animated short film Club Oscar. The three-and-a-half-minute short film continues where the main film ends, showing the characters of Shark Tale dancing at the whale wash to a spoof of Saturday Night Fever.[24] It was also released on Game Boy Advance Video in October 2005.[25]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Name
Outcome

Academy Awards[26][27]
Academy Award for Best Animated Feature
Bill Damaschke
Nominated

Annie Awards[28]
Annie Award for Best Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Scott Cegielski
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Character Animation in a Feature Production
Ken Duncan
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Carlos Grangel
Nominated

Annie Award for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Armand Baltazar
Nominated

Samuel Michlap
Nominated

Pierre-Olivier Vincent
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production
Michael J. Wilson
Rob Letterman
Nominated

BAFTA Children's Awards[29]
Best Feature Film

Nominated

BET Comedy Awards[30]
Best Performance in an Animated Theatrical Film
Will Smith
Nominated

Casting Society of America[31]
Best Animated Voice-Over Feature Casting
Leslee Feldman
Won

Golden Reel Awards[32]
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film
Richard L. Anderson
Thomas Jones
Wade Wilson
Mark Binder
Mike Chock
Ralph Osborn
David Williams
Mark A. Mangini
Slamm Andrews
Nominated

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards[33]
Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie
Will Smith
Won

Saturn Awards[34]
Saturn Award for Best Animated Film

Nominated

Visual Effects Society[35]
Outstanding Performance by an Animated Character in an Animated Motion Picture
Renée Zellweger
Ken Duncan
Nominated

tag: table

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
September 21, 2004

Genre
R&B
hip hop
soul

Length
50:33

Label
Geffen Records
DreamWorks Records
Universal Music Group

Producer
Timbaland
Jam & Lewis
Ron Fair
Missy Elliott
The Underdogs
Dre & Vidal
The Trak Starz
Hans Zimmer

Singles from Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Car Wash"
Released: August 29, 2004

text: Shark Tale: Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on September 21, 2004. The soundtrack features newly recorded music by various artists, including Justin Timberlake with Timbaland, Christina Aguilera, JoJo, Ludacris, Mary J. Blige, and Will Smith, and also features the first song recorded by pop group The Pussycat Dolls as well as the film's closing theme composed by Hans Zimmer.

text: Janet Jackson and Beyoncé initially planned to record a duet for the film's soundtrack. Jackson's frequent collaborator Jimmy Jam, who had recently worked with Beyoncé for The Fighting Temptations soundtrack, commented "Obviously we'd love to have the involvement of Janet and Beyonce, who we just worked with on Fighting Temptations. They've already expressed interest", adding "There are a lot of opportunities with an animated piece to work with some different people."[36] Jeffrey Katzenberg, CEO of DreamWorks' Animations, had appointed Jackson's producers Jam & Lewis to be involved with the soundtrack, though the duo only ended up producing only one song for the film, with Jam saying "We worked for DreamWorks before on the Bryan Adams song for Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron and the Boyz II Men tune for The Prince of Egypt, and Katzenberg is a fan of what we do. He thought we would be perfect to do the music for Shark Tale."[36]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length

1.
"Three Little Birds" (Sean Paul and Ziggy Marley)
Bob Marley
Stephen Marley
3:37

2.
"Car Wash (Shark Tale Mix)" (Christina Aguilera featuring Missy Elliott)
Norman Whitfield (additional lyrics by Missy Elliott)
Missy Elliott, Ron Fair
3:50

3.
"Good Foot" (Justin Timberlake featuring Timbaland)
Timberlake, Timothy Mosley
Timbaland
3:57

4.
"Secret Love" (JoJo)
Samantha Jade, Jared Gosselin, Phillip White
White, Jared
4:00

5.
"Lies & Rumours" (D12)
DeShaun Holton, J. Rotem, Denaun Porter, O. Moore, V. Carlisle, Rufus Johnson, M. Chavarria
Denaun Porter
4:20

6.
"Got to Be Real" (Mary J. Blige featuring Will Smith)
David Foster, David Paich & Cheryl Lynn
Andre Harris, Vidal Davis
3:33

7.
"Can't Wait" (Avant)
Damon E. Thomas, Antonio Dixon, Harvey W. Mason, Eric Dawkins, Steven Russell
The Underdogs
3:44

8.
"Gold Digger" (Ludacris featuring Bobby Valentino & Lil' Fate)
Alonzo Lee, Shamar Daugherty, Christopher Bridges, Bobby Wilson, Arbie Wilson
The Trak Starz
3:47

9.
"Get It Together" (India.Arie)
Drew Ramsey, Shannon Sanders, India.Arie, Dana Johnson, Mel Johnson
India.Arie, Sanders, Ramsey
4:54

10.
"We Went as Far as We Felt Like Going" (The Pussycat Dolls)
Bob Crewe, Kenny Nolan
Ron Fair
3:51

11.
"Digits" (Fan 3)
Allison Lurie, Paul Robb, David Clayton-Thomas, Fred Lipsius
BitCrusher
3:41

12.
"Sweet Kind of Life" (Cheryl Lynn)
James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Cheryl Lynn, Bobby Ross Avila, Issiah J. Avila, Tony Tolbert, James Q. Wright
Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis
3:59

13.
"Some of My Best Friends Are Sharks" (Hans Zimmer)
Hans Zimmer
Hans Zimmer
3:25

Total length:
50:33

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2004)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard 200
34

U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
48

text: Cancelled sequel[edit]

text: In April 2011, Jeffrey Katzenberg commented that the studio did not have plans to produce future movie genre parodies, like Shark Tale, Monsters vs. Aliens, and Megamind, saying that these films "all shared an approach and tone and idea of parody, and did not travel well internationally. We don't have anything like that coming on our schedule now."[37]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on September 29, 2004 for Microsoft Windows, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Game Boy Advance.[38] Published by Activision, Edge of Reality developed the console versions of the game, while Vicarious Visions developed the Game Boy Advance version, and Amaze Entertainment developed the PC version.[38] The cast from the film did not reprise their roles in the game.


document_title: Legal drinking age

question_text: what's the legal age to drink in south korea

question_tokens: what 's the legal age to drink in south korea

text: Legal drinking age

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Country/region
De jure
Notes

Drinking Age
Purchase age

 Algeria
18[2]

 Angola
18[citation needed]

 Botswana
18[2]

 Burundi
16[2]
No limit if accompanied by parents[citation needed]

 Cameroon
18
21
18 on the premises, 21 off the premises[citation needed]

 Cape Verde
18[citation needed]

 Central African Republic
18[citation needed]

 Comoros
None[citation needed]

 Egypt
21[2]

 Equatorial Guinea
18[citation needed]

 Eritrea
18[2]

 Ethiopia
18[2]

 Gabon
18[2]

 Gambia
18[2]

 Ghana
18[3]

 Guinea-Bissau
None[2]

 Kenya
18[2]

 Lesotho
18[2]

 Libya
Illegal[2]

 Malawi
18[2]

 Mauritius
18[2]

 Morocco
18[citation needed]
Forbidden for Muslims[2]

 Mozambique
18[2]

 Namibia
18[2]

 Niger
18[2]

 Nigeria
18[citation needed]

 Republic of the Congo
18[citation needed]

 Rwanda
18[2]

 Senegal
18[citation needed]

 Seychelles
18[2]

 Somalia
Illegal[4]

 South Africa
18
The parent, adult guardian of a minor or a person responsible for administering a religious sacrament, may on occasion supply to that minor a moderate quantity of liquor to be consumed by the minor in the presence and under the supervision of that parent, guardian or other person.[5]

 South Sudan
18[6]

 Sudan
Illegal[7]

 Swaziland
18[2]

 Tanzania
18[8]

 Togo
None[2]

 Tunisia
18[citation needed]

 Uganda
18[2]

 Western Sahara
16[citation needed]

 Zambia
18[2]

 Zimbabwe
18[2]

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Country/region
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Anguilla
16[citation needed]

 Antigua and Barbuda
16[9]
The sale and distribution of alcohol to a person under 16 years of age is illegal.

 Argentina
18[10]

 Bahamas
18[2]

 Barbados
18[11]
Those aged 10–17 are allowed to consume alcohol provided they are with a parent or guardian.

 Belize
18[12]
Drinking age is rarely enforced. IDs are almost never requested.

 Bermuda
18[13]

 Bolivia
18[2]

 Brazil
18[2]

 British Virgin Islands
16[12]
It is illegal to sell or to supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 16.

 Canada
18[14][15][16]
In Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec, the legal drinking age is 18.

19[14][15][16]
In Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, the legal drinking age is 19.

 Cayman Islands
18[17]

 Chile
18[2]
The minimum age is 18 to enter an enclosure that sells alcoholic beverages. Selling alcohol to a minor may incur a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Chilean identification card issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.[18]

 Colombia
18[2]

 Costa Rica
18[2]

 Cuba
16[2]

 Dominican Republic
18[19]

 Ecuador
18[2]

 El Salvador
18[2]

 Falkland Islands
18[citation needed]

 Grenada
16[citation needed]

 Guatemala
18[2]

 Guyana
18[2]
Except 16 for wine or malt liquor to be consumed with a meal

 Haiti
None[2]

 Honduras
18[2]

 Jamaica
None[citation needed]
18[citation needed]
Minors can drink if accompanied by parent or legal guardian as well as someone with permission from their parent or legal guardian.[citation needed]

 Mexico
18[2]
A person must be eighteen years or over to legally purchase and consume alcoholic beverages in Mexico. The drinking age however isn't strictly enforced, and IDs are barely requested.[citation needed]

 Nicaragua
18[2]

 Panama
18[2]

 Paraguay
20[20]

According to Art. 1° of the law to "ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors", it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol or to allow the consumption by minors under 20 years of age.
Furthermore, under Art 2° all public establishments selling alcohol must display a clearly legible notice in the sales area with the following text: "ESTA PROHIBIDA LA VENTA DE BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS A MENORES DE VEINTE AÑOS DE EDAD" (It is illegal (prohibited) to sell alcoholic beverages to minors under 20 years of age)

 Peru
18[2]

 Puerto Rico
18
The minimum age for the selling of any alcohol beverage is 18. Although a valid Puerto Rico license ID or passport is required as proof of age to buyers who look under the age of 18, it is generally not a common practice to ask for ID to enter a venue that sells alcohol or to sell you alcohol at other establishments. This law can be more enforced in some tourist areas and on foreigners visiting the island by some more exclusive hotels, bars, and upscale clubs. A few of the more exclusive venues in the tourist areas may have their own entrance rules regarding age including not allowing anyone under the age of 25 or 23 to enter and consume alcohol or change this depending on specific nights/events and restricted by gender/sex (i.e. women over 18 allowed to enter but only men over 21 on that same night).[citation needed]

 Trinidad and Tobago
18[2]

 Turks and Caicos Islands
18[citation needed]

 United States
(50 states and integral territories)
Varies by jurisdiction[2]
21[2]
The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of twenty-one. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, fifteen states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, seventeen states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining eighteen states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws.
Federal law explicitly provides for religious exceptions. As of 2005, thirty-one states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for those under the age of twenty-one.[21]
By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by adults eighteen to twenty years of age, but a circuit court judge has said otherwise.[22]
The states of Washington and Wisconsin allows the consumption of alcohol in the presence of parents.
Some U.S. states have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by persons under twenty-one a gross misdemeanor with a potential penalty of a $5,000 fine or up to year in jail.[23]
See also: Minor in Possession and List of alcohol laws of the United States

 United States Virgin Islands
18[24]

 Uruguay
18[2]

 Venezuela
18[2]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country/region
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Afghanistan
Illegal[25]

 Bangladesh
Illegal for Muslims[26]
Alcohol will be sold to foreigners in certain locations, albeit clandestinely.

 Bhutan
18[27]

 Brunei
17 with restrictions, unless Muslim[2]
Non-Muslims over 17 years of age are allowed to import alcohol not to exceed maximum total volume 2 liters of liquor and 12 cans of beer at 330 ml for personal use, once in 48 hours. This alcohol must be “stored and consumed at the place of residence of the importer” and is “not to be given, transferred or sold to another person.”.[2]

 Cambodia
None[28]

 China
18[2]
Introduced in January 2006.[29] Weakly enforced to not enforced.

 Hong Kong
18[30]
The regulation is only applicable to restaurants, bars and clubs, where a liquor license is required. Private drinking is also not regulated.

 India
18–25 (varies between states)[2]

Main article: Alcohol laws of India
Consumption of alcohol is prohibited in the states of Bihar, Gujarat and Nagaland.[31]

 Indonesia
21[32]

 Iran
Illegal [2]
There is a ban on alcohol, but religious minorities may purchase small amounts from shops owned by the same religious minority.[33]

 Iraq
18[34]

 Israel
None
18[2]
Israel law prohibits selling or serving alcohol to minors, but it does not prohibit minors to drink, although the police may confiscate alcoholic drinks consumed by minors in public.[citation needed]

 Japan
20[2]

 Jordan
18[35]

 Kazakhstan
21[36]

 Kuwait
Illegal[37]

 Kyrgyzstan
18[2]

 Lebanon
18[2]
Often unenforced and according to a global school health study, 40% of minors over 13 drink alcohol and up to 25% buy it from stores.[38]

 Macau
None[citation needed]

 Malaysia
21
Increased to 21 from 18 on 1 December 2017[39]

 Maldives
Illegal except for tourists, 18[citation needed]
Sale of alcohol is limited to tourist resorts. It is illegal to sell alcohol to local Maldivians[40]

 Mongolia
18[41]

 Myanmar
None
18[42]

   Nepal
18
The legal age for consumption of alcohol in Nepal is 18. However, there are exceptions to underage consumption for purposes of religious ceremonies.[citation needed]

 North Korea
18[43]

 Oman
21
Residents need personal liquor licenses to consume alcohol in their private residences.[44]

 Pakistan
Illegal [2]
Non-Muslim citizens may possess alcohol to be used in accordance with religious ceremonies[2]

 Palestinian Authority
16[citation needed]
Legal in most cities

 Philippines
18[45]

 Qatar
19[citation needed]
Muslims are allowed to purchase alcohol, but generally not allowed to consume. Non Muslims are allowed to purchase, and consume alcohol. The only legal distributor of alcohol in the country is the Qatar Distribution Company located in Doha.[citation needed]

 Saudi Arabia
Illegal
Drinking or possessing alcohol is illegal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Persons who drink or possess alcohol are subject to arrest and trial. Punishments range from heavy fines, lengthy prison terms and whippings.[citation needed]

 Singapore
None (Private places, sometimes with permission from parents/guardian)
18 (Public places e.g. bars and restaurants)
18[2]

Main Legislation

Drinking alcohol is strictly forbidden in public places in reaction to 2013 Little India riot, after the Committee of Inquiry accepts the recommendations on 7 July 2014.
For convenience stores, those who pretend to be 18 years and above in a "Challenge 18" scheme will be downgraded to "Challenge 21" scheme, and after which the licences will be revoked once they pretend to be 18 years and above if it is on "Challenge 21".
It is illegal to purchase alcohol in Singapore or consume in a nightclub/allow entry to the nightclub under 18. Home and private drinking of alcohol is allowed, although the safest age could be 6. Parents can try a sip of alcohol at any age.[citation needed]

 South Korea
None
19[citation needed]
The age limit for alcohol is after January 1 of the year one's age turns to 19.[citation needed]

 Sri Lanka
21[2]

 Syria
18[citation needed]

 Taiwan
18[46]

It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.[47]
Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking,[48] or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.[49]
One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 18.[50] A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 New Taiwan Dollars.[51]

 Tajikistan
18[2]

 Thailand
20[52]
The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act of 2008 increased the drinking age in Thailand from 18 to 20, private drinking is not regulated in private locations.[52][53]

 Turkmenistan
18[2]

 United Arab Emirates
18–21 (varies between states).[54]
Expatriate non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages, but it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.[55]
The legal age for drinking alcohol is 18 in Abu Dhabi (although a Ministry of Tourism by-law allows hotels to serve alcohol only to those over 21), and 21 in Dubai and the Northern Emirates (except Sharjah, where drinking alcohol is illegal).[54]
It is a punishable offence to drink, or to be under the influence of alcohol, in public.[54]

 Uzbekistan
None
20[2]

 Vietnam
None[citation needed]

 Yemen
Illegal[citation needed]
Exception is in Aden Region where it's legal for 21 and up[citation needed]

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Country/region
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 Albania
18[2]

 Armenia
None
18
There are no laws mandating alcohol vendors to ID potential underage drinkers. ID checks are very rarely, if ever, carried out.[citation needed]

 Austria
16
 Burgenland,  Lower Austria and  Vienna[56]

16 for beer and wine
18 for distilled beverages
 Carinthia,  Upper Austria,  Salzburg,  Styria,  Tyrol and  Vorarlberg[56]
Carinthia also requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%.

 Azerbaijan
18[2]

 Belarus
18[2]

 Belgium
None
16 for beer and wine
18 for spirits[57]
Since 10 January 2010, it is illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" any form of distilled alcohol to those under the age of 18 or any alcoholic drink to those under 16. So fermented drinks like beer or wine are permitted above 16.[57] Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
None
18[58]

 Bulgaria
18[2]

 Croatia
18[2]

 Cyprus
17[59]

 Czech Republic
None
18[60]
It is illegal to provide alcohol to minors[61] (punishable by fine or up to 1[62] or 2[63] year(s) imprisonment). Consumption itself is not prohibited by law.[64]

 Denmark
None
16 to buy alcohol <16.5% ABV
18 to buy alcohol ≥16.5% ABV
18 to be served in restaurants, bars, discos etc.[2]
While there is no age requirement for drinking alcohol in Denmark, there are laws that prevent minors from buying alcohol:

In order to buy alcohol above 1.2% and below 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 16 years of age.
In order to buy alcohol above 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 18 years of age.[65]
To be served alcoholic drinks in bars, discos, clubs, restaurants and any establishment serving alcoholic beverages one must be 18 years of age.

By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation.[66] If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification.[67] This card is rarely used though since a passport or drivers license is more commonly used.[68]
Both the legal drinking and purchasing age in the Faroe Islands is 18.[citation needed]

 Estonia
18[69]

 Finland
18 for possession and purchase of 1.2–22% ABV
20 for possession and purchase of 23–80% ABV
18 for all in bars, clubs and restaurants[70]
All major grocery chains have implemented a policy to ask for ID if the customer looks under 30.[71] Stores may refuse to sell alcohol if the customer is accompanied by a minor, or if proxy purchasing is suspected. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is a criminal offence.[70][72]
Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession. Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities, who may intervene with child welfare procedures. In addition, those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine.[73]
In private, offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole, considering the minor's age, degree of maturity and other circumstances.[70]

 France
None
18
France has no explicitly stated consumption age,[74] but selling alcohol to a minor (under 18) is illegal[75] and can be fined 7500 euros.[74] This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009.[76][77]

 Georgia
None
16[citation needed]

 Germany
None (on private residence)
16 (in public) (14 when accompanied by a custodial person) for beer and wine
18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amount[78]

16 for beer and wine
18 for spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts[78]

See also: Alcohol laws in Germany

 Gibraltar
None[79]
16/18
It is illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18.
The minimum age to be served in licensed premises is 16 if:[79]

The alcoholic beverage is beer, wine or cider below 15% ABV, or
The alcoholic beverage is served in a bottle, or a pre-packaged container below 5.5% ABV.

 Greece
None
18[80]
In 2008, the consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited for minors in public. However, the law does not apply to private events or private premises.

 Hungary
18[2]

 Iceland
None
20[81]
Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence, but supplying them with alcohol is. However, law allows alcohol possessed by a minor to be confiscated.

 Ireland
None (on private residence with permission from parents or guardians) [82]
18[82]
It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol or for a third party to attempt to buy it for minors. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians.[83]

 Italy
None
18[84]
In 2012 the then Health Minister Renato Balduzzi proposed to raise the age to 18.[85] Selling alcohol to those under the age of 18 in shops carries a fine between €250 and €1000. Serving alcoholic beverages to those under the age of 16 is a criminal offense and is punished with prison up to one year, if the individual is 16 or 17 it will be treated as an offense that is fined between €250 and €1000 (Legge n. 189/2013).

 Kosovo
None

 Latvia
None
18[86]

 Liechtenstein
16 for wine, beer and cider
18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages. e.g. alcopops
Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.[87]

 Lithuania
18[88]
Minors under the age of 18 are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages or from having them. From 1st January 2018 the legal drinking age will increase from 18 to 20.[89]

 Luxembourg
None
16[90]

 Macedonia
18 (16 for beer)[91][unreliable source?]
Must show an ID card upon request. In certain smaller places, such as family-owned convenience stores and street kiosks, there is little to no enforcement on how old or young somebody purchases alcohol. There is little to no enforcement for drinking privately, but drinking in bars may require an ID.[citation needed]

 Malta
17[92]
Must provide identification upon request.

 Moldova
None
16[93]
It is illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 16. There is no consumption age.

 Montenegro
None
18[citation needed]

 Netherlands
18
The legal age for purchasing and consumption of alcoholic beverages was raised from 16 to 18 on 1 January 2014. Alcohol is commonly available upon parental permission. Selling alcoholic beverages to people under 18 is illegal, although giving it away in private is not.[citation needed]

 Norway
None[94]
18 (<22%)
20 (≥22% ABV)[2]
Selling alcohol to or buying alcohol for minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them.
Alcohol with more than 60% ABV is generally not sold in Norway, although exceptions may be made by the government for specific products.[95]
Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas.[96]

 Poland
None
18[97]
Article 15 of The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism[98] clearly states that buyers or persons being served must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. There is no mention of consumption age in this or any other act in Poland. Drinking on streets, town squares, and in parks is illegal regardless of age.

 Portugal
None[citation needed]
18[99]

 Romania
None
18[100]
According to law 61/1991 updated in 2008, paragraphs 21-25, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to minors.

 Russia
None
18[101]
There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal and additional regional laws.

 Serbia
18[102]

 Slovakia
18[103]

 Slovenia
None
18[104]
There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors.

 Spain
18
Asturias was the last autonomous community in Spain where the drinking age was increased to 18 (previously 16) on 1 May 2015.[105]

 Sweden

None

None (less than 2.25% ABV)
18 (bars and restaurants),
18 (2.25%–3.5% ABV in food shops),
20 (Systembolaget shops[106]),

See also: Alcohol in Sweden
Many clubs choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is legal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under that age and the police can seize alcohol from them, apart from being served alcohol supervised in private "in moderation". It is legal to serve an underage person alcohol in a private place.[107] The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.

  Switzerland
None
(See notes)
16 for fermented alcoholic drinks (with less than 15% ABV and natural wines with less than 18% ABV);[108]
18 for spirits [109]
Whoever offers or supplies alcoholic beverages to a child under the age of 16 years in an amount which is harmful to one's health is punished with imprisonment up to 3 years or a fine.[110] Whoever sells or supplies spirits to a person under the age of 18 years is punished with a fine up to 10.000 CHF.[111]

18
The canton Ticino prohibits selling and consumption of any type of alcohol by minors under the age of 18. Some shops and supermarkets may not sell alcohol to minors under the age of 18.[112]

 Turkey
18[2]

See also: Alcohol laws of Turkey

 Ukraine
18[2]

 United Kingdom
18 (on licensed premises)[113]
16 (beer, wine or cider with a meal on licensed premises)[113]
5 (not on licensed premises)[114]
None (under medical supervision, or in an emergency)[114]
18[113]
None (liqueur-confectionery)[115]
Legislation in  England and  Wales:

It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages on licensed premises under the age of 18, other than the following two exceptions.[113]
Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal, and accompanied by an adult.[113]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.[115]
It is illegal to permit minors under the age of 5 to consume alcoholic beverages unless under medical supervision or in an emergency.[114]
Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [116]

18 (in public without a meal or adult supervision)
16 (beer, wine or cider on licensed premises with meal)
5 (on private premises)[117]
18
16 (beer, wine, cider or perry with a meal on licensed premises)
None (liqueur-confectionery)[115]
Legislation in  Scotland:

It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.[118]
Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal.[118]
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.[115]
Persons over 17 are entitled to their own duty free allowance, which includes alcohol. [116]

18
Legislation in Northern Ireland:
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.[citation needed]

Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 (applies to all of the  United Kingdom)
Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 schemes, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21[119] (or optionally 25) even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 (or Challenge 25) notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 (or 25) without ID.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country/region
De jure
Notes

Drinking age
Purchase age

 American Samoa
21[120]

 Australia
18[2][121]

Main article: Alcohol laws of Australia
Varies by state. Some states restrict possession and consumption to over 18, all states restrict purchasing to over 18. In some states, minors may consume alcohol in a private residence with parental permission.[122]

 Fiji
18[123]
The drinking age was 21 from 2006 to 2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.[123]

 Guam
21[124]

 Micronesia, Federated States of
21

 New Zealand
None
18[125]
Minimum age applies for beverages with 1.15% ABV or over; no restrictions on beverages less than 1.15% ABV.[126]
Persons under 18 may drink outside private residences or private functions if accompanied by their parent or legal guardian. Alcohol may be supplied to minors only by, or with express consent from, their parent or legal guardian.[127]

 Northern Mariana Islands
21[citation needed]

 Palau
21[2]

 Papua New Guinea
18[2]

 Samoa
21[2]

 Solomon Islands
21[2]

 Tokelau
18[128]

 Tonga
21[2]

 Vanuatu
18[2]