document_title: Oil spill governance in the United States

question_text: legislations that have been implemented to minimize the damage caused by oil spills

text: Timelane[edit]

text: The governance framework for oil spills in the United States prior to the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) of 1990 lacked proper consolidation and proved to be inadequate in preventing and responding to oil spillages. A timeline produced by the World Resources Institute (WRI) highlights some key events in oil drilling governance and regulatory system that ultimately govern oil spills in the United States.[1]

text:
1978: Congress passed amendments to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, Charging the Secretary of interior with overseeing the developments of offshore oil reserves, according to a new tiered management structure.
1978: The White House council on Environmental Quality issued regulations regarding federal agencies mandatory implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
1985: The council on Environmental Quality approved the MMS departmental manual, which established the agency's policy for NEPA implementation and issuing categorical exclusions.
1986: The Council on Environmental Quality revoked its 1978 requirement that agencies include "worst-case analyses" in Environmental Impact Statements for actions with unknown or questionable risks.
1989: March 24, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker struck a reef off the coast of Alaska, spilling millions of gallons of crude oil into the Prince William Sound
1990: President George H.W Bush expanded congressional moratoria on offshore drilling.
 1990: The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 was passed by congress as a result of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
1994: June 30, MMS adopted a voluntary "safety systems management model" developed by the American Petroleum Institute.
2000: March 3, MMS issued a Safety Alert urging offshore lease holders to install a backup mechanism for activating a rig's blowout preventer (BOP) in the event of a blowout to prevent oil spillage.
2003: MMS reversed the Safety Alert making having a backup system for remotely activating a rig's BOP a non requirement.

text: Although the OPA provides a framework for oil spillage governance recent events resulting in the BP deep water oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico suggest more can and should have been done in this area. Evidence of this fact is present in the recommendations and investigations present in the January 2011 report by the recently established National Oil Spill Commission.[2] A further sign of lack of proper governance is implicit in the action of the federal government to rename and reform the Minerals Management Service (MMS) into the now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement.[3]

text: Governance framework[edit]

text: Legislation governing oil spills in the U.S.[edit]

text: The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill served as a major focal point in oil spill governance and reform. Prior to the Exxon Valdez incident a number of laws were in place to prevent and respond to oil spills. These include:

text:
The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) 1968:[4]  The NCP established the response system the federal government was to follow in the event of oil spills and release of hazardous materials into the environment. The NCP was a response by U.S. policy makers to the Torrey Canyon oil tanker spill off the coast of England. It has since been amended by the Clean Water Act (1972), the Oil Pollution Act (1990) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Competition and Liability Act (CERCLA) 1980.  The Oil Pollution Act increased the role and dimensions of the NCP by establishing a more robust planning and response system to improve response and prevent spills in marine environments.
The Clean Water Act (1972):[5]  The clean water act (CWA) was the most extensive legislation which considered oil spills prior to the Exxon Valdez spill. The CWA made provisions for post-spill reporting, response and liability by the responsible party.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act (1973):[6]  Major oil transportation via pipelines goes through the Trans-Alaskan route. Spills from pipelines along this route although inland, could migrate into coastal waters via inland rivers. Hence the act was established to cover oil spills and liability relating to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).
The Deep Port Act (1974):[7]  This was the major statute for deep water spill incidents. It addressed oil spills, cleanup and liability at deepwater oil ports.
The Outer Continent Shelf Lands Act Amendments (1978):[8]  This act addressed oil spills, cleanup and liability structure for oil extraction facilities in federal offshore waters.
The Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Act of (1979):[9]   This act granted the Department of Transport (DOT) authority to govern oil spills from pipelines.
The Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of (2006):[10]  This act was established to improve pipeline safety and security practices. This act also reaffirmed the role of the federal office of pipeline safety relevant governing body in terms of pipeline spills under the DOT.

text: The above legislations were the principle governing instruments of oil spills incidents prior to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Several attempts by congress to establish more encompassing and elaborate oil pollution laws were hindered by belligerent issues which mostly produced stalemates. One such conflict was federal law limiting a state's ability to enforce requirements and liability for parties responsible for causing oil spills. The focus of the debates was mostly centred on party liability. An example of the type of debates is illustrated in the question "who is liable in the case of a vessel spill?" The cargo owner or the ship operator/ owner? Another significant issue was the interaction of domestic legislation and international measures. In 1980's,[11] international agreements being considered would take over oil spills federal and state laws adding further complexity to party liability.

text: However, after the Exxon Valdez incident, the short comings of the patchy framework for oil spill governance was apparent and growing pressure placed on lawmakers resulted in the establishment of the more comprehensive Oil Pollution Act of 1990.[12]

text: The Oil Pollution Act (1990): The OPA is the primary legislation that governs oil spills in the U.S. The establishment of the OPA substantiated the federal government's role in responding to oil spill cleanups. The OPA made amendments to the already existing CWA to provide 3 options to the delegated authorities through the president. The options include conducting immediate cleanup by federal authorities, to monitor the response of the responsible party or commandeer the cleanup activities of the responsible party. Hence giving the federal government the authority to determine the level of cleanup required.[13]

text: A second significant amendment the OPA makes to the CWA is that it makes it a mandatory requirement for U.S. tank vessels, onshore and offshore facilities to establish and submit oil spill response plans to the corresponding federal authority. The OPA requires new vessels operating and transporting oil in U.S. waters to have double hulls. Not all vessels are of the same size and for the same purpose hence the OPA makes provision for exempting certain vessels from having double hulls. However, by 2015 it is a requirement by law that all oil carrying vessels operating in the U.S. must have double hulls.

text: Federal agencies responsibility[edit]

text: The legal framework for enforcing oil spill governance in the U.S. involves a number of federal authorities. The responsibilities of the agency is split into two categories: (1) oil spill anticipation and prevention and (2) oil spill response and cleanup.

text: Response and clean-up[edit]

text: The single most important authority governing oil spills in the United States is the Federal government. The federal government has jurisdiction over oil responses and oil spills that occur in state and federal navigable waters alike.

text: The location of the Oil spill determines which authority responds. Oil spills that occur in coastal waters are the responsibility of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) while the Environmental Protection Agency covers inland oil spills. It is required by US federal law that any discharge of oil that creates a film or sheen on the water surface be reported to the National Response Centre. The National Response Centre then dissipates information to the USCG who acts as the federal on-scene coordinator.

text: The USCG are the primary federal response authority in coastal water hence having the overall power to ensure the effective cleanup of oil spills and lead actions that prevent further discharge from the spill source. The resulting activities that follow up an oil spill involving federal, state and private parties are co-ordinated by the USCG. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA) works closely with the USCG in providing assistance in technical areas such as Consideration of Alternatives, Oil displacement tracking and risk assessments.

text: Anticipation and prevention[edit]

text: Different authorities are responsible for governing oil spill prevention and anticipation depending on the potential sources of the oil spills. A number of executive orders (EOs) and memoranda of understanding (MOU) have established the authorities and agencies responsible for various classes of potential oil spills [14]  (Table 1).

text:
Potential source of oil spill
Responsible agency

Onshore, non-transportation facilities
EPA

Onshore, transportation facilities
USCG and Department of Transportation (DOT)

Deep water ports
USCG and DOT

Offshore facilities (oil and gas extraction)
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) within the Department of Interior

Offshore pipelines directly associated with oil extraction activities (i.e. production lines)
BSEE

Offshore pipelines not directly associated with oil extraction activities (i.e. transmission lines)
Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) within the DOT

Inland Pipelines
OPS

text: Table.1 Federal Agency Jurisdiction for oil spill anticipation and prevention duties, by potential sources.

text: The preventive measures taken by relevant authorities include assessment of facilities to ensure the required standards set out by legislation are met e.g. Double hulls in new vessels and secondary containment in oil holding facilities. Anticipatory duties involve managing the response plans of vessels and facilities to oil spills at various levels: state, regional and national. This ensures proper training of personnel on vessels and facilities to carry out their outlined response plans is also a key duty. The OPA requires relevant agencies to conduct examination to test the anticipative capacities of the parties involved.

text: International oil spill governance in the U.S.[edit]

text: International conventions have played an important role in creating external networks for governing oil spills in the U.S. international treaties when signed by the U.S. are on the same level as federal law, hence signatory parties must implement domestic legislation to reflect the agreement. This mechanism helps to engineer a number of federal laws governing oil spills such as the intervention on the High Sea Act of 1974.[15][16]   International conventions serve a key role in developing standards for oil carrying vessels from different nations into the U.S. The two major conventions which have contributed to oil spill governance are the 1969 International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties (the Intervention Convention) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78).[17]

text: The most important international organisations that contribute to oil spill governance in the U.S. include the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), International Spill Control Organisation (ISCO) and the Association of Petroleum Industry Managers (APICOM).[18]

text: Governance approach to U.S. oil spills[edit]

text: The oil spill framework in the U.S. employs a multilateral system of governance where the federal authorities, NGO's and private parties are all actively involved in response and cleanup procedures. Although the U.S. government plays an important role in regulating oil spills, it does not entirely command and control every aspect of the process.

text: Due to the complex nature of oil and gas operations and limited technical expertise by the government in such industries, industry standard setting and self-policing play a significant role in the governing process of oil spills. This has inevitably led to the network governance approach used to govern oil spills.[19] The insufficient expertise and specialist technical knowledge in the public sector makes it difficult for the government to rely entirely on its personnel hence resulting in public-private partnership known as a type II partnership.[20] This style of new public management to oil spill governance is common in other aspects of environmental governance (e.g. climate change) in the U.S. and differs from the typical bureaucratic role of enforcement the federal government usually play.[21]

text: The governance process of oil spills relies on input from national, private and international institutions. To effectively implement response, prevention and cleanup procedures a number of public authorities were given responsibility under different jurisdictions. Since the 1970s the number of institutions governing oil spills has increased, indicating a steady shift from state led government approach to a broader and multi layered governance process.[22] The implementation of international oil spill treaties into domestic legislation discussed earlier provides further evidence of the shift to a more governance based approach.


document_title: List of highest paid film actors

question_text: who is the highest paid actor in movies

question_tokens: who is the highest paid actor in movies

root

text: List of highest paid film actors

text: Salaries for the world's highest paid film actors currently range from $20–30 million, but an actor can earn substantially more by deferring all or part of their salary against a percentage of the film's gross, known within the industry as a "profit participation" deal. Since not all salaries are made public, this is a non-definitive list of actors who have received $30 million or more as compensation for their services. The figures are given at their nominal value, since earnings from profit based deals are accumulated over many years, making it unfeasible to adjust for inflation.

tag: p

text:
Highest-earning actors in films

Actor

Film

Year

Salary

Total income

Ref

Keanu Reeves

The Matrix ReloadedThe Matrix Revolutions

2003

$30,000,000

$156,000,000

[1]

Bruce Willis

The Sixth Sense

1999

$14,000,000

$100,000,000

[1]

Tom Cruise

Mission: Impossible 2

2000

$100,000,000

[1]

Tom Cruise

War of the Worlds

2005

$100,000,000

[1]

Will Smith

Men in Black 3

2012

$100,000,000

[2]

Sandra Bullock

Gravity

2013

$20,000,000

$70,000,000+

[3]

Tom Hanks

Forrest Gump

1994

$70,000,000

[1]

Tom Cruise

Mission: Impossible

1996

$70,000,000

[1]

Harrison Ford

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

2008

$65,000,000

[4]

Jack Nicholson

Batman

1989

$6,000,000

$60,000,000

[1][5]

Leonardo DiCaprio

Inception

2010

$59,000,000

[6]

Johnny Depp

Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides

2011

$35,000,000

$55,000,000

[6][7]

Robert Downey, Jr.

The Avengers

2012

$50,000,000

[8]

Cameron Diaz

Bad Teacher

2011

$42,000,000

[9]

Leonardo DiCaprio

Titanic

1997

$40,000,000

[1]

Tom Hanks

Saving Private Ryan

1998

$40,000,000

[1]

Johnny Depp

Alice in Wonderland

2010

$40,000,000

[6]

Aamir Khan

Dangal

2016

$37,000,000+

[nb 1][10][11]

Jim Carrey

Yes Man

2008

$35,000,000

[12]

Arnold Schwarzenegger

Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines

2003

$29,250,000

$30,000,000+

[nb 2][1]

Mel Gibson

Lethal Weapon 4

1998

$30,000,000

$30,000,000

[1]

Brad Pitt

Ocean's Eleven

2001

$10,000,000

$30,000,000

[1]

tag: table

text:
Jump up ^ ₹257 crore ($37–41 million at 2017 exchange rates).

Jump up ^ Arnold Schwarzenegger received a $29,250,000 salary for Terminator 3 plus a 20% royalty on the worldwide box office gross over $380 million. The film ultimately had a global gross of $433 million.

tag: ol


document_title: Regulus

question_text: on what day of the year is the sun near the star regulus (alpha leo)

question_tokens: on what day of the year is the sun near the star regulus ( alpha leo )

text: Regulus

text: Nomenclature[edit]

text: α Leonis (Latinized to Alpha Leonis) is the star's Bayer designation. The traditional name Rēgulus is Latin for 'prince' or 'little king'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[15] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[16] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Regulus for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[17]

text: Observations[edit]

text: Regulus is 0.46 degree from the ecliptic, the closest of the bright stars, and is regularly occulted by the Moon. Occultations by the planets Mercury and Venus are possible but rare, as are occultations by asteroids.

text: The last occultation of Regulus by a planet was on July 7, 1959, by Venus.[18] The next will occur on October 1, 2044, also by Venus. Other planets will not occult Regulus over the next few millennia because of their node positions. An occultation of Regulus by the asteroid 166 Rhodope was observed by 12 researchers from Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece on October 19, 2005. Differential bending of light was measured to be consistent with general relativity.[19] Regulus was occulted by the asteroid 163 Erigone in the early morning of March 20, 2014.[20] The center of the shadow path passed through New York and eastern Ontario, but no one is known to have seen it, due to cloud cover. The International Occultation Timing Association recorded no observations at all.[21]

text: Although best seen in the evening in northern hemisphere in late winter and spring, Regulus appears at some time of night throughout the year except for about a month on either side of August 22, when the Sun is too near. Regulus passes through SOHO's LASCO C3 every August.[22] For most Earth observers, the heliacal rising of Regulus occurs in the first week of September. Every 8 years, Venus passes Regulus around the time of the star's heliacal rising, as on 5 September 2014.

text: System[edit]

text: Regulus is a multiple star system consisting of at least four stars. Regulus A is the dominant star, with a binary companion 177" distant that is thought to be physically related. Regulus D is a 12th magnitude companion at 212", which shares a common motion with the other stars.[23]

text: Regulus A is a binary star consisting of a blue-white main sequence star of spectral type B7V, which is orbited by a star of at least 0.3 solar masses, which is probably a white dwarf. The two stars take approximately 40 days to complete an orbit around their common centre of mass. Given the extremely distorted shape of the primary, the relative orbital motion may be notably altered with respect to the two-body purely Keplerian scenario because of non-negligible long-term orbital perturbations affecting, for example, its orbital period. In other words, Kepler's third law, which holds exactly only for two point-like masses, would no longer be valid for the Regulus system. Regulus A was long thought to be fairly young, only 50 – 100 million years old, calculated by comparing its temperature, luminosity, and mass. The existence of a white dwarf companion would mean that the system is at least a 1,000 million years old, just to account for the formation of the white dwarf. The discrepancy can be accounted for by a history of mass transfer onto a once-smaller Regulus A.[13]

text: The primary of Regulus A has about 3.5 times the Sun’s mass. It is spinning extremely rapidly, with a rotation period of only 15.9 hours, which causes it to have a highly oblate shape.[24] This results in so-called gravity darkening: the photosphere at Regulus' poles is considerably hotter, and five times brighter per unit surface area, than its equatorial region.[13] The star's surface at the equator rotates at about 320 kilometres per second (199 miles per second), or 96.5% of its critical angular velocity for break-up. It is emitting polarized light because of this.[25]

text: Regulus BC is 5,000 AU[26] from Regulus A. They share a common proper motion and are thought to orbit each other.[4] Designated Regulus B and Regulus C, the pair has Henry Draper Catalogue number HD 87884. The first is a K2V star, while the companion is approximately M4V.[24] The companion pair has an orbital period of about 600 years[4] with a separation of 2.5" in 1942.[24]

text: Visibility[edit]

text: The Regulus system as a whole is the twenty-first brightest star in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of +1.35. The light output is dominated by Regulus A. Regulus B, if seen in isolation, would be a binocular object of magnitude +8.1, and its companion, Regulus C, the faintest of the three stars that has been directly observed, would require a substantial telescope to be seen, at magnitude +13.5. Regulus A is itself a spectroscopic binary: the secondary star has not yet been directly observed as it is much fainter than the primary. The BC pair lies at an angular distance of 177 arc-seconds from Regulus A, making them visible in amateur telescopes.[27]

text: Etymology and cultural associations[edit]

text: Rēgulus is Latin for 'prince' or 'little king';[28] its Greek equivalent (Latinised) is Basiliscus.[29][30] It is also known as Qalb al-Asad, from the Arabic قلب الأسد, meaning 'the heart of the lion', a name already attested in the Greek Kardia Leontos[29][31] whose Latin equivalent is Cor Leōnis. The Arabic phrase is sometimes approximated as Kabelaced. In Chinese it is known as 轩辕十四, the Fourteenth Star of Xuanyuan, the Yellow Emperor. In Hindu astronomy, Regulus corresponds to the Nakshatra Magha ("the bountiful").

text: Babylonians called it Sharru ("the King"), and it marked the 15th ecliptic constellation. In India it was known as Maghā ("the Mighty"), in Sogdiana Magh ("the Great"), in Persia Miyan ("the Centre") and also as Venant, one of the four 'royal stars' of the Persian monarchy.[32] It was one of the fifteen Behenian stars known to medieval astrologers, associated with granite, mugwort, and the kabbalistic symbol .

text: In MUL.APIN, Regulus is listed as LUGAL, meaning "the star that stands in the breast of the Lion:the King."[33]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game rebounding leaders

question_text: who has the most rebounds in a game in nba history

text: This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (December 2016)

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players who have had 38 or more rebounds in a single game.

text: Multiple occurrences: Wilt Chamberlain 29 times (four times in the playoffs) and Bill Russell 23 times (seven times in the playoffs).

text: The NBA did not record rebounds until the 1950–51 season.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

text:
Rebounds
Player
Team
Date
Opponent
Notes

55
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-11-24-0000November 24, 1960
Boston Celtics
Record set in a losing effort; grabbed 31 rebounds in one half; scored 34 points.

51
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001960-02-05-0000February 5, 1960
Syracuse Nationals
Set a then-record.

49
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001957-11-16-0000November 16, 1957
Philadelphia Warriors
Set a then-record for rebounds in a game; set a still-standing record of 32 rebounds in a single half.

49
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001965-03-11-0000March 11, 1965
Detroit Pistons

45
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-02-06-0000February 6, 1960
Syracuse Nationals
Single-game record for a rookie; scored 44 points; the fourth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

45
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001961-01-21-0000January 21, 1961
Los Angeles Lakers
Scored 56 points; the fifth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

43
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001959-11-10-0000November 10, 1959
New York Knicks
Set a then-record for a rookie; scored 39 points.

43
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
Los Angeles Lakers
Triple overtime; Chamberlain also scored a then-record 78 points in the game; the sixth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

43
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001963-01-20-0000January 20, 1963
Los Angeles Lakers

43
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001965-03-06-0000March 6, 1965
Boston Celtics

42
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-01-15-0000January 15, 1960
Boston Celtics
Rookie season; scored 44 points; the second quadruple double-double in NBA history.

42
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-01-25-0000January 25, 1960
Detroit Pistons
Rookie season; Chamberlain also scored a rookie record 58 points in the same game; the third quadruple double-double in NBA history.

42
Thurmond, NateNate Thurmond*
San Francisco Warriors
000000001965-11-09-0000November 9, 1965
Detroit Pistons

42
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001966-01-14-0000January 14, 1966
Boston Celtics
Scored 37 points.

42
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001969-03-07-0000March 7, 1969
Boston Celtics
Overtime.

41
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001958-02-12-0000February 12, 1958
Syracuse Nationals

41
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
San Francisco Warriors
000000001962-10-26-0000October 26, 1962
Detroit Pistons
Overtime; scored 50 points; the seventh quadruple double-double in NBA history.

41
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001965-03-14-0000March 14, 1965
San Francisco Warriors

41
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001967-04-05-0000April 5, 1967
Boston Celtics
Game 3 victory in the Eastern Division finals.

40
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001958-03-23-0000March 23, 1958
Philadelphia Warriors
Game 3 victory in the Eastern Division finals.

40
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001958-12-12-0000December 12, 1958
Cincinnati Royals
Overtime.

40
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001959-11-04-0000November 4, 1959
Syracuse Nationals
Set a then-record for a rookie; third game of career; scored 41 points; the first quadruple double-double in NBA history.

40
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001960-03-29-0000March 29, 1960
St. Louis Hawks
NBA Finals record (tie)

40
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001961-02-12-0000February 12, 1961
Philadelphia Warriors

40
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001962-04-18-0000April 18, 1962
Los Angeles Lakers
NBA Finals record (tie); game 7 overtime victory; Russell's 19 rebounds in a single quarter is the most of any NBA quarter — regular season or playoffs; scored 30 points.

40
Lucas, JerryJerry Lucas*
Cincinnati Royals
000000001964-02-29-0000February 29, 1964
Philadelphia 76ers
His rookie season.

40
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
San Francisco Warriors
000000001964-11-22-0000November 22, 1964
Detroit Pistons
Scored 50 points; the eighth and final quadruple double-double in NBA history.

40
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001965-12-28-0000December 28, 1965
Boston Celtics
Scored 31 points.

39
Johnston, NeilNeil Johnston*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001954-12-04-0000December 4, 1954
Syracuse Nationals
Set a then-record.

39
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001959-01-25-0000January 25, 1959
Detroit Pistons

39
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001959-12-19-0000December 19, 1959
New York Knicks

39
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001959-12-28-0000December 28, 1959
Cincinnati Royals
Rookie season; scored 39 points.

39
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-01-13-0000January 13, 1960
Syracuse Nationals
Rookie season; scored 42 points.

39
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-01-29-0000January 29, 1960
Boston Celtics
Rookie season; scored 43 points.

39
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001960-03-19-0000March 19, 1960
Philadelphia Warriors

39
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001961-03-23-0000March 23, 1961
Syracuse Nationals

39
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001961-11-04-0000November 4, 1961
Detroit Pistons
Scored 58 points.

39
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001961-12-21-0000December 21, 1961
New York Knicks

39
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001965-04-06-0000April 6, 1965
Boston Celtics
Scored 30 points.

38
Stokes, MauriceMaurice Stokes*
Rochester Royals
000000001956-01-14-0000January 14, 1956
Syracuse Nationals
Rookie season; triple-double, scored 26 points with 12 assists.

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001958-02-23-0000February 23, 1958
Philadelphia Warriors

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001959-12-04-0000December 4, 1959
New York Knicks

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-11-29-0000November 29, 1960
Los Angeles Lakers
Scored 44 points.

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001960-12-18-0000December 18, 1960
Cincinnati Royals
Scored 32 points.

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001961-04-11-0000April 11, 1961
St. Louis Hawks
Scored 30 points

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia Warriors
000000001961-11-25-0000November 25, 1961
Chicago Packers
Scored 39 points.

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001963-02-21-0000February 21, 1963
San Francisco Warriors

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
San Francisco Warriors
000000001963-02-21-0000February 21, 1963
Boston Celtics
Scored 40 points.

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001963-04-16-0000April 16, 1963
Los Angeles Lakers

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
San Francisco Warriors
000000001964-04-24-0000April 24, 1964
Boston Celtics

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001965-01-30-0000January 30, 1965
New York Knicks

38
Russell, BillBill Russell*
Boston Celtics
000000001965-03-03-0000March 3, 1965
Los Angeles Lakers

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001967-03-02-0000March 2, 1967
San Francisco Warriors
Triple-double, scored 24 points with 13 assists.

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001967-04-16-0000April 16, 1967
San Francisco Warriors
Triple-double, scored 10 points with 10 assists; 26 rebounds in one half, setting the NBA Playoffs record.

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001967-12-20-0000December 20, 1967
Seattle SuperSonics
Scored 53 points.

38
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001969-03-09-0000March 9, 1969
Baltimore Bullets

text: Since 1973[edit]

text: This is a complete listing for total rebounds since the 1973–74 season, but it is not a complete listing for offensive or defensive rebounds.

text:
Rebounds
Off
Def
Player
Team
Date
Opponent
Score
Minutes played
Points
20-20
Led the league in rebounding
Notes

37
19
18
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
Houston Rockets
000000001979-02-09-0000February 9, 1979
New Orleans Jazz
106–99
44
33
Yes
Yes
14 rebounds in the first quarter.

35
16
19
Oakley, CharlesCharles Oakley
Chicago Bulls
000000001988-04-22-0000April 22, 1988
Cleveland Cavaliers
103–107
41
26
Yes
No
Second to last game of season, in a season rebounding title battle, which he lost by a .03 margin to Michael Cage.

34
5
29
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001975-12-14-0000December 14, 1975
Detroit Pistons
110–100
42
27
Yes
Yes
NBA single-game record for defensive rebounds.

34
18
16
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman*
Detroit Pistons
000000001992-03-04-0000March 4, 1992
Indiana Pacers
110–107
45
10
No
Yes
Overtime. 21 rebounds in the second half, including 11 offensive rebounds.

34
8
26
Seikaly, RonyRony Seikaly
Miami Heat
000000001993-03-03-0000March 3, 1993
Washington Bullets
125–106
40
12
No
No
Seikaly outrebounded the opposing team, 34–30.

33
15
18
Nater, SwenSwen Nater
Milwaukee Bucks
000000001976-12-19-0000December 19, 1976
Atlanta Hawks
126–109
41
30
Yes
No

33
16
17
Willis, KevinKevin Willis
Atlanta Hawks
000000001992-02-19-0000February 19, 1992
Washington Bullets
102–103
45
20
Yes
No
Overtime. 11 offensive rebounds in a half.

33
8
25
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
Houston Rockets
000000001996-11-02-0000November 2, 1996
Phoenix Suns
110–95
45
20
Yes
No
Barkley outrebounded the opposing team 33–30, and played against his previous team for the first time.

32
4
28
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
Capital Bullets
000000001973-11-17-0000November 17, 1973
Atlanta Hawks
115–109
48
43
Yes
Yes
On Hayes's 28th birthday.

32
7
25
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
Golden State Warriors
000000001979-03-30-0000March 30, 1979
New York Knicks
114–98
36
30
Yes
No
11 rebounds in the first quarter. 15 rebounds in the first half, 17 rebounds in the second half.

32
7
25
Nater, SwenSwen Nater (2)
San Diego Clippers
000000001979-12-14-0000December 14, 1979
Denver Nuggets
112–108
44
12
No
Yes
21 rebounds in the second half. 18 defensive rebounds in the second half, setting the NBA record. 11 defensive rebounds in the fourth quarter.

32
21
11
Malone, MosesMoses Malone* (2)
Houston Rockets
000000001982-02-11-0000February 11, 1982
Seattle SuperSonics
117–100
44
38
Yes
Yes
NBA single-game record for offensive rebounds; 11 offensive rebounds in one half, 10 in the other half. 15 total rebounds in the first half, 17 rebounds in the second half. Malone outrebounded the opposing team, 32–29.

32
12
20
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman* (2)
Detroit Pistons
000000001992-01-28-0000January 28, 1992
Charlotte Hornets
100–95
50
16
No
Yes
Overtime.

32
9
23
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman* (3)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001994-01-22-0000January 22, 1994
Dallas Mavericks
103–83
43
8
No
Yes
13 defensive rebounds in the first half.

31
14
17
Smith, LarryLarry Smith
Golden State Warriors
000000001981-03-28-0000March 28, 1981
Denver Nuggets
139–142
45
23
Yes
No
Rookie. Last Warriors home game of season.

31
11
20
Willis, KevinKevin Willis (2)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001991-12-03-0000December 3, 1991
Dallas Mavericks
103–99
40
29
Yes
No

31
9
22
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman* (4)
Detroit Pistons
000000001992-03-14-0000March 14, 1992
Sacramento Kings
89–83
48
7
No
Yes

31
8
23
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
Denver Nuggets
000000001996-03-26-0000March 26, 1996
Charlotte Hornets
112–119
51
16
No
No
Double overtime.

31
12
19
Love, KevinKevin Love^
Minnesota Timberwolves
000000002010-11-12-0000November 12, 2010
New York Knicks
112–103
40:39
31
Yes
Yes
15 rebounds in the third quarter, and 22 rebounds in the second half. 13 defensive rebounds in the second half.

30
11
19
Fox, JimJim Fox
Seattle SuperSonics
000000001973-12-26-0000December 26, 1973
Los Angeles Lakers
129–105
39
25
Yes
No

30
10
20
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson
Golden State Warriors
000000001974-03-15-0000March 15, 1974
Los Angeles Lakers
112–107
48
14
No
No
Elmore Smith of the Lakers had 11 blocks in the same game.

30
6
24
Unseld, WesWes Unseld*
Washington Bullets
000000001975-04-06-0000April 6, 1975
New Orleans Jazz
119–103
46
11
No
Yes
Last game of season; won season rebounding title over Dave Cowens by a .01 margin. 14 rebounds in the first half, 16 rebounds in the second half.

30
7
23
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (2)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001978-02-03-0000February 3, 1978
New Jersey Nets
105–99
48
37
Yes
No
Overtime.

30
10
20
Nater, SwenSwen Nater (3)
Buffalo Braves
000000001978-03-04-0000March 4, 1978
New Jersey Nets
111–107
44
27
Yes
No

30
11
19
Cage, MichaelMichael Cage
Los Angeles Clippers
000000001988-04-24-0000April 24, 1988
Seattle SuperSonics
100–109
48
8
No
Yes
Last game of season; won season rebounding title over Charles Oakley by a .03 margin.

30
11
19
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman* (5)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001995-02-21-0000February 21, 1995
Houston Rockets
98–97
40
6
No
Yes

30
8
22
Bynum, AndrewAndrew Bynum^
Los Angeles Lakers
000000002012-04-11-0000April 11, 2012
San Antonio Spurs
98–84
36:41
16
No
No
19 rebounds in the first half.


document_title: Central Intelligence

question_text: who is the black badger in central intelligence

text: Central Intelligence

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1996, star athlete Calvin Joyner is being honored at his high school. Halfway through Calvin's speech, Trevor Olson and a group of bullies throw a naked Robbie Weirdicht, who was showering, into the hall where the assembly is taking place, embarrassing him. Only Calvin and his girlfriend, Maggie Johnson, are sympathetic towards Wierdicht.

text: Twenty years later, Calvin is married to Maggie and works as a forensic accountant but is dissatisfied with his career. Maggie suggests they see a therapist to salvage their deteriorating marriage. At work, Calvin receives a friend request on Facebook from a man named Bob Stone, who reveals that he is Wierdicht and requests that they meet. Calvin is shocked to see that Wierdicht has transformed into a muscular, confident CIA agent. Stone asks Calvin to review a few accounting records. Calvin deciphers the records as multimillion-dollar transactions from an auction, with the final payment set to be made the following day. Stone avoids Calvin's questions and spends the night on his couch.

text: The next morning, a group of CIA agents led by Pamela Harris arrive at Calvin's house in search of Stone, who escapes. Harris tells Joyner that Stone is a dangerous rogue agent who intends to sell satellite codes to the highest bidder. Soon after, Stone abducts Calvin and explains that he is trying to stop a criminal known as the Black Badger from selling the codes but needs Calvin's skills to find the coordinates of the deal's location. After an attack by a bounty hunter, Calvin flees and calls Maggie, telling her to meet him at the marriage counselor's office. Harris intercepts him and tells him that Stone murdered his partner Phil Stanton and is the Black Badger himself. She warns him to refrain from telling Maggie and gives him a device to alert them to Stone's location. Calvin then arrives for marriage counseling, where he finds Stone posing as the counselor.

text: Bob convinces Calvin to help him, and Calvin sets up a meeting with Trevor, who is able to track the offshore account for the auction, so they can get the deal's location. Trevor helps them and said that he's found God but he lies and laughs in their faces and bullies Bob once again. Harris calls Calvin and threatens to arrest Maggie if he fails to help them detain Stone. Calvin is forced to betray Stone, and the CIA arrests him. As Harris tortures Stone to get him to confess, Calvin decides to help Stone escape. Calvin deduces that the deal is happening in Boston and helps Stone steal a plane. At an underground parking garage, where the deal is assumed to be taking place, Stone enters alone, while Calvin sees Harris entering a short while later. He mistakenly assumes that she is the Black Badger and runs after her, but finds Stone meeting with the buyer and claiming to be the Black Badger. Bob shoots Calvin, grazing his neck, to keep him safe.

text: Phil arrives, revealing that he is alive, and claims he is the real Black Badger. The buyer attempts to retrieve codes from both Stone and Stanton, but the CIA arrives and a shootout begins, while Calvin grabs both codes and runs outside. He encounters Stone and Stanton, who engage in combat. Unable to decide who is the criminal, Calvin randomly shoots Stone, but Phil confesses that he is the Black Badger and that Bob is innocent. Calvin causes a distraction that allows Bob to rip Phil's throat out, killing him. The two deliver the codes to Harris, who then drops them off at their high school reunion, where Calvin reconciles with Maggie. Bob is announced as the Homecoming King, with Calvin revealing to Maggie that he hacked the voting system to ensure Bob's win. Trevor attempts to bully Bob a third time, but Bob knocks him out. As Bob delivers his speech, he relives his most embarrassing high-school moment and takes off all his clothes confidently. He walks off stage to unite with his high school crush Darla McGuckian.

text: Before the ending credits, Maggie is pregnant and Calvin has joined the CIA. As a gift for his first day on the job, Stone gives Calvin back his varsity jacket from high school, which Calvin had given to him after the senior assembly prank.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Bob Stone

Sione Kelepi as young Robbie

Kevin Hart as Calvin Joyner
Amy Ryan as Agent Pamela Harris
Danielle Nicolet as Maggie
Jason Bateman as Trevor

Dylan Boyack as young Trevor

Aaron Paul as Phil
Ryan Hansen as Steve
Tim Griffin as Agent Stan Mitchell
Timothy John Smith as Agent Nick Cooper
Thomas Kretschmann as The Buyer
Megan Park as Waitress
Slaine as Thugged Out
Kumail Nanjiani as Jared the Airport Security Guard

tag: ul

text: Melissa McCarthy makes an uncredited appearance, at the 20-year reunion, as Bob's high school love interest Darla McGuckian.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: This film was originally greenlit by Universal Pictures in 2010 and New Line Cinema joined in years later. The film was announced in 2015. Thurber was selected to direct and started to write the script together with Ike Barinholtz and David Stassen. That year, Dwayne Johnson was cast alongside Kevin Hart.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on May 6, 2015, and took place in Atlanta and throughout various Massachusetts locations, including Boston,[5][6] Burlington,[7] Lynn, Middleton,[7] and Quincy. Principal photography ended in July 2015. To promote the film, Johnson and Hart had an Instagram war against each other on the set.[8]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the Regency Village Theater on June 10, 2016. Warner Bros. handles distribution in the United States, where the film opened on June 17, 2016, while Universal covers global distribution, as the film was released between June and July 2016.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Central Intelligence was released on Digital HD on September 13, 2016, before being released on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD on September 27, 2016.[9]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Central Intelligence grossed $127.4 million in North America and $89.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $217 million, against a budget of $50 million.[3] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $52 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[10]

text: Central Intelligence opened on June 17, 2016, alongside Finding Dory, and was projected to gross around $30 million from 3,508 theaters in its opening weekend.[2] The film grossed $1.8 million from its Thursday previews and $13 million on its first day.[11] The film went on to gross $35.5 million, finishing second at the box office behind Finding Dory ($135.1 million).[12]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 70% based on 171 reviews with an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kevin Hart and Dwayne Johnson make for well-matched comic foils, helping Central Intelligence overcome a script that coasts on their considerable chemistry."[13] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 52 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[14] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[15]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film two out of four stars, writing "If you're expecting the story threads to cohere, you're in the wrong multiplex. Central Intelligence always takes the lazy way out. You go along for the ride because Hart and Johnson promise something they can't deliver: a movie as funny as they are."[16] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club criticized the film as a "shambolic high-concept farce that doubles as a cautionary tale of where studio comedies go wrong," writing: "In spots as indifferent and self-indulgent as any latter-day Adam Sandler production ... , [Intelligence] switches back and forth from snail-paced to incoherently over-stuffed on a moment’s notice, with no in-between mode."[17] Keith Phipps of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, saying "It all adds up to the sort of breezy, undemanding comedy that fits nicely into the summer months, and plays beautifully in endless cable repeats."[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Comedy
Central Intelligence
Nominated
[19]

Best Actor in a Comedy
Dwayne Johnson
Nominated

Golden Trailer Awards
Best Comedy
"Trailer 1"
Nominated
[20]

Best Comedy Poster
"Big Johnson Teaser"
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Comedic Movie
Central Intelligence
Nominated
[21]

Favorite Comedic Movie Actor
Kevin Hart
Won

Dwayne Johnson
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer Movie
Central Intelligence
Nominated
[22]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Male
Kevin Hart
Won

Dwayne Johnson
Nominated


document_title: National Basketball Association

question_text: who has the least amount of nba championships

question_tokens: who has the least amount of nba championships

text: National Basketball Association

text: History

text: Creation and merger (1946–1956)

text: The Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, in a game the NBA now refers to as the first played game in NBA history.[6] The first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that league's 1948 title, and the 1948 NBL champion Minneapolis Lakers won the 1949 BAA title. Prior to the 1948–49 season, however, NBL teams from Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, and Rochester jumped to the BAA, which established the BAA as the league of choice for collegians looking to turn professional.[7]

text: On August 3, 1949, the remaining NBL teams–Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo–merged into the BAA. In deference to the merger and to avoid possible legal complications, the league name was changed to the present National Basketball Association, even though the merged league retained the BAA's governing body, including Podoloff.[7] To this day, the NBA claims the BAA's history as its own. It now reckons the arrival of the NBL teams as an expansion, not a merger, and does not recognize NBL records and statistics.

text: The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities,[8] as well as large arenas and smaller gymnasiums and armories. In 1950, the NBA consolidated to eleven franchises, a process that continued until 1953–54, when the league reached its smallest size of eight franchises: the New York Knicks, Boston Celtics, Philadelphia Warriors, Minneapolis Lakers, Rochester Royals, Fort Wayne Pistons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, and Syracuse Nationals, all of which remain in the league today. The process of contraction saw the league's smaller-city franchises move to larger cities. The Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957 and the Pistons relocated from Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Detroit in 1957.

text: Japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only non-white player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter, signing with the Washington Capitols in 1950.[9][10] Hunter was cut from the team during training camp,[9][11] but several African-American players did play in the league later that year, including Chuck Cooper with the Celtics, Nathaniel "Sweetwater" Clifton with the Knicks, and Earl Lloyd with the Washington Capitols. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships and established themselves as the league's first dynasty.[12] To encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954.[13] If a team does not attempt to score a field goal (or the ball fails to make contact with the rim) within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped and the ball given to its opponent.

text: Celtics' dominance, league expansion and competition (1956–1979)

text: In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, which already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, setting new single game records in scoring (100) and rebounding (55). Russell's rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports.

text: The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics. Led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966. This championship streak is the longest in NBA history. They did not win the title in 1966–67, but regained it in the 1967–68 season and repeated in 1969. The domination totaled nine of the ten championship banners of the 1960s.[14]

text: Through this period, the NBA continued to evolve with the shift of the Minneapolis Lakers to Los Angeles, the Philadelphia Warriors to San Francisco, the Syracuse Nationals to Philadelphia to become the Philadelphia 76ers, and the St. Louis Hawks moving to Atlanta, as well as the addition of its first expansion franchises. The Chicago Packers (now Washington Wizards) became the ninth NBA team in 1961. From 1966 to 1968, the league expanded from 9 to 14 teams, introducing the Chicago Bulls, Seattle SuperSonics (now Oklahoma City Thunder), San Diego Rockets (who relocated to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks, and Phoenix Suns.

text: In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The leagues engaged in a bidding war. The NBA landed the most important college star of the era, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (then known as Lew Alcindor). However, the NBA's leading scorer, Rick Barry, jumped to the ABA, as did four veteran referees—Norm Drucker, Earl Strom, John Vanak, and Joe Gushue.[15]

text: In 1969, Alan Siegel, who oversaw the design of Jerry Dior's Major League Baseball logo a year prior, created the modern NBA logo inspired by the MLB's. It incorporates the silhouette of the legendary Jerry West based on a photo by Wen Roberts, although NBA officials denied a particular player as being its influence because, according to Siegel, "They want to institutionalize it rather than individualize it. It's become such a ubiquitous, classic symbol and focal point of their identity and their licensing program that they don't necessarily want to identify it with one player." The iconic logo debuted in 1971 (with a small change to the typeface on the NBA wordmark in 2017) and would remain a fixture of the NBA brand.[16][17]

text: The ABA succeeded in signing a number of major stars in the 1970s, including Julius Erving of the Virginia Squires, in part because it allowed teams to sign college undergraduates. The NBA expanded rapidly during this period, one purpose being to tie up the most viable cities. From 1966 to 1974, the NBA grew from nine franchises to 18. In 1970, the Portland Trail Blazers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Buffalo Braves (now the Los Angeles Clippers) all made their debuts expanding the league to 17.[18] The New Orleans Jazz (now in Utah) came aboard in 1974 bringing the total to 18. Following the 1976 season, the leagues reached a settlement that provided for the addition of four ABA franchises to the NBA, raising the number of franchises in the league at that time to 22. The franchises added were the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and New York Nets (now the Brooklyn Nets). Some of the biggest stars of this era were Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Rick Barry, Dave Cowens, Julius Erving, Elvin Hayes, Walt Frazier, Moses Malone, Artis Gilmore, George Gervin, Dan Issel, and Pete Maravich. The end of the decade, however, saw declining TV ratings, low attendance and drug-related player issues – both perceived and real – that threatened to derail the league.

text: Surging popularity (1979–1998)

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The league added the ABA's innovative three-point field goal beginning in 1979 to open up the game. That same year, rookies Larry Bird and Magic Johnson joined the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers respectively, initiating a period of significant growth in fan interest in the NBA throughout the country and the world. The two had faced each other in the 1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game, and they later played against each other in three NBA Finals (1984, 1985, and 1987, featuring 11 players and coaches who would later be inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame). Like the 1960s, when the Celtics and Lakers faced each other in six NBA Finals, the two teams again dominated the NBA. In the 10 seasons of the 1980s, Johnson led the Lakers to five titles in eight Finals while Bird led the Celtics to three titles in five Finals. Also in the early 1980s, the NBA added one more expansion franchise, the Dallas Mavericks, bringing the total to 23 teams. Later on, Larry Bird won the first three three-point shooting contests. Former league commissioner David Stern, who took office on February 1, 1984, oversaw the expansion and growth of the NBA to a global commodity.

text: Michael Jordan entered the league in 1984 with the Chicago Bulls, providing an even more popular star to support growing interest in the league. This resulted in more cities demanding teams of their own. In 1988 and 1989, four cities got their wishes as the Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, and Minnesota Timberwolves made their NBA debuts, bringing the total to 27 teams. The Detroit Pistons won the back-to-back in 1989 and 1990, led by coach Chuck Daly and guard Isiah Thomas. Jordan and Scottie Pippen led the Bulls to two three-peats in eight years during the 1991–98 seasons. Hakeem Olajuwon won back-to-back titles with the Houston Rockets in 1994 and 1995.

text: The 1992 Olympic basketball Dream Team, the first to use current NBA stars, featured Michael Jordan as the anchor, along with Bird, Johnson, David Robinson, Patrick Ewing, Scottie Pippen, Clyde Drexler, Karl Malone, John Stockton, Chris Mullin, Charles Barkley, and star NCAA amateur Christian Laettner. The team was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, while 11 of the 12 players on the roster (all but Laettner) and three of the four coaches have been elected to the Hall of Fame as individuals.

text: In 1995, the NBA expanded to Canada with the addition of the Vancouver Grizzlies and the Toronto Raptors. In 2001, the Vancouver Grizzlies relocated to Memphis, which left the Raptors as the only Canadian team in the NBA.

text: In 1996, the NBA created a women's league, the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

text: In 1998, the NBA owners began a lockout which lasted 191 days and was settled on January 18, 1999. As a result of this lockout the 1998–99 NBA season was reduced from 82 to 50 games (61% of a normal season), and the All-Star Game was cancelled. The San Antonio Spurs won their first championship, and first by a former ABA team, by beating the New York Knicks, who were the first, and are the only, eighth seed to ever make it to the NBA Finals.

text: Modern era (1998–present)

text: Since the breakup of the Chicago Bulls championship roster in the summer of 1998, the Western Conference has dominated. The Los Angeles Lakers of coach Phil Jackson and the San Antonio Spurs of Gregg Popovich combined to make 13 Finals in 16 seasons, with 10 titles. Tim Duncan and David Robinson won the 1999 championship with the Spurs, and Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant started the 2000s with three consecutive championships for the Lakers. The Spurs reclaimed the title in 2003 against the Nets. In 2004, the Lakers returned to the Finals, only to lose in five games to the Detroit Pistons.

text: After the Spurs took home the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy in 2005, the 2006 Finals featured two franchises making their inaugural Finals appearances. The Miami Heat, led by their star shooting guard, Dwyane Wade, and Shaquille O'Neal, who had been traded from the Lakers during summer 2004, won the series over the Dallas Mavericks in six after losing the first two games. The Lakers/Spurs dominance continued in 2007 with a four-game sweep by the Spurs over the Cleveland Cavaliers, who were led by LeBron James. The 2008 Finals saw a rematch of the league's highest profile rivalry, the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers, with the Celtics winning, for their 17th championship, thanks to their new big three of Paul Pierce, Ray Allen, and Kevin Garnett.

text: In 2009, Kobe Bryant and the Lakers returned to the Finals, this time defeating the Dwight Howard-led Orlando Magic. Bryant won his first Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his 13th season after leading the Lakers to their first NBA championship since the departure of Shaquille O'Neal.[19]

text: The 2010 NBA All-Star Game was held at Cowboys Stadium in front of the largest crowd ever, 108,713.[20] At the end of that season, the Celtics and the Lakers renewed their rivalry from 2008 when they met again in the NBA Finals for a record 12th time. The Lakers won the title by winning Game 7, 83–79.[21] Before the start of the 2010–11 season the NBA had an exciting summer with one of the most anticipated free agent classes of all time. Two of which signed, and one resigned, with the Miami Heat, leading to a season that was heavily centered on their eventual success or failure at taking home the championship. The Heat, led by LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Chris Bosh, did in fact make the Finals against the Dallas Mavericks, in a rematch for the franchises of the 2006 Finals. The Mavericks, led by Dirk Nowitzki (the eventual NBA Finals MVP), took the series in six games. This was the Mavericks' first title. Veterans Shawn Marion, Jason Kidd, Jason Terry, and Peja Stojaković celebrated their first NBA championship.

text: On July 1, 2011, at 12:01 am, the NBA announced another lockout.[22] After the first few weeks of the season were canceled, the players and owners ratified a new collective bargaining agreement on December 8, 2011, setting up a shortened 66-game season.[23] Following the shortened season, the Miami Heat made a return to the Finals with the trio of Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, and Chris Bosh against Oklahoma City Thunder's Kevin Durant, Russell Westbrook, and James Harden. The Heat went on to defeat the Thunder in five games, capturing their second NBA title in six years. Their success would continue into the following season, which concluded with their victory over the San Antonio Spurs in the 2013 NBA Finals. The two teams would meet for a rematch in the following year's Finals, where the Spurs defeated the Heat in five games. Off the court, commissioner David Stern retired on February 1, 2014, exactly 30 years to the day from taking office. He was succeeded by his deputy, Adam Silver.

text: Following the 2014 Finals, LeBron James announced that he would return to the Cleveland Cavaliers. James led the Cavaliers to their second Finals appearance, where they lost to the Golden State Warriors in six games. The following year, in a rematch, the 2016 NBA Finals concluded with the Cavaliers defeating the Warriors in seven games to win their first NBA Championship. The dominance of those two teams continued in 2017, when the Warriors, having signed Kevin Durant as a free agent, took the third straight Finals matchup between the two teams in five games, with Durant named Finals MVP, and again in 2018 when they went to a fourth straight Finals matchup.

text: International influence

text: Following pioneers like Vlade Divac (Serbia) and Dražen Petrović (Croatia) who joined the NBA in the late 1980s, an increasing number of international players have moved directly from playing elsewhere in the world to starring in the NBA. Since 2006, the NBA has faced EuroLeague teams in exhibition matches in the NBA Europe Live Tour, and since 2009, in the EuroLeague American Tour. The 2013–14 season opened with a record 92 international players on the opening night rosters, representing 39 countries and comprising over 20% of the league[24]. The beginning of the 2017-18 season saw a record 108 international players representing 42 different countries marking 4 consecutive years of at least 100 international players and each team having at least one international player[25]. In 2018, the Phoenix Suns hired Serbian coach Igor Kokoškov as their new head coach, replacing Canadian interim coach Jay Triano, making Kokoškov the first European coach to become a head coach for a team in the NBA.

text: Other developments

text: In 2001, an affiliated minor league, the National Basketball Development League, now called the NBA G League, was created.[26] Before the league was started, there were strong rumors that the NBA would purchase the Continental Basketball Association, and call it its developmental league.

text: Two years after the Hornets' relocation to New Orleans, the NBA returned to North Carolina, as the Charlotte Bobcats were formed as an expansion team in 2004.

text: The Hornets temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City in 2005 for two seasons because of damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. The team returned to New Orleans in 2007.

text: A new official game ball was introduced on June 28, 2006, for the 2006–07 season, marking the first change to the ball in over 35 years and only the second ball in 60 seasons.[27] Manufactured by Spalding, the new ball featured a new design and new synthetic material that Spalding claimed offered a better grip, feel, and consistency than the original ball. However, many players were vocal in their disdain for the new ball, saying that it was too sticky when dry, and too slippery when wet.

text: Commissioner Stern announced on December 11, 2006, that beginning January 1, 2007, the NBA would return to the traditional leather basketball in use prior to the 2006–07 season. The change was influenced by frequent player complaints and confirmed hand injuries (cuts) caused by the microfiber ball.[28] The Players' Association had filed a suit on behalf of the players against the NBA over the new ball.[29] As of the 2017–18 season, the NBA team jerseys are manufactured by Nike, replacing the previous supplier, Adidas. All teams will wear jerseys with the Nike logo except the Charlotte Hornets, whose jerseys will instead have the Jumpman logo associated with longtime Nike endorser Michael Jordan, who owns the Hornets.[30]

text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began an investigation on July 19, 2007, over allegations that veteran NBA referee Tim Donaghy bet on basketball games he officiated over the past two seasons and that he made calls affecting the point spread in those games.[31] On August 15, 2007, Donaghy pleaded guilty to two federal charges related to the investigation. Donaghy claimed in 2008 that certain referees were friendly with players and "company men" for the NBA, and he alleged that referees influenced the outcome of certain playoff and finals games in 2002 and 2005. NBA commissioner David Stern denied the allegations and said Donaghy was a convicted felon and a "singing, cooperating witness".[32] Donaghy served 15 months in prison and was released in November 2009.[33] According to an independent study by Ronald Beech of Game 6 of the 2002 Western Conference Finals between the Los Angeles Lakers and Sacramento Kings, although the refs increased the Lakers' chances of winning through foul calls during the game, there was no collusion to fix the game. On alleged "star treatment" during Game 6 by the refs toward certain players, Beech claimed, "there does seem to be issues with different standards and allowances for different players." [34]

text: The NBA Board of Governors approved the request of the Seattle SuperSonics to relocate to Oklahoma City on April 18, 2008.[35] The team, however, could not move until it had settled a lawsuit filed by the city of Seattle, which was intended to keep the SuperSonics in Seattle for the remaining two seasons of the team's lease at KeyArena. Following a court case, the city of Seattle settled with the ownership group of the SuperSonics on July 2, 2008, allowing the team to move to Oklahoma City immediately in exchange for terminating the final two seasons of the team's lease at KeyArena.[36] The Oklahoma City Thunder began playing in the 2008–09 season.

text: The first outdoor game in the modern era of the league was played at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden on October 11, 2008, between the Phoenix Suns and the Denver Nuggets.[37]

text: A referee lockout began on September 1, 2009, when the contract between the NBA and its referees expired. The first preseason games were played on October 1, 2009, and replacement referees from the WNBA and NBA Development League were used, the first time replacement referees had been used since the beginning of the 1995–96 season. The NBA and the regular referees reached a deal on October 23, 2009.[38][39]

text: The first official NBA league games on European ground took place in 2011. In two matchups, the New Jersey Nets faced the Toronto Raptors at the O2 Arena in London in front of over 20,000 fans.

text: The 2011–12 NBA season, scheduled to begin November 1, 2011, with a matchup between the defending champion Dallas Mavericks and the Chicago Bulls, was postponed due to a labor dispute. The lockout officially ended on December 8, 2011, when players and owners ratified a new collective bargaining agreement, and the season began on Christmas Day.

text: After the 2012–13 season, the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans.[40] During the 2013–14 season, Stern retired as commissioner after 30 years, and deputy commissioner Adam Silver ascended to the position of commissioner. During that season's playoffs, the Bobcats officially reclaimed the Hornets name, and by agreement with the league and the Pelicans, also received sole ownership of all history, records, and statistics from the Pelicans' time in Charlotte. As a result, the Hornets are now officially considered to have been founded in 1988, suspended operations in 2002, and resumed in 2004 as the Bobcats, while the Pelicans are officially treated as a 2002 expansion team.[41] (This is somewhat similar to the relationship between the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Ravens in the NFL.)

text: Donald Sterling, who was then-owner of the Los Angeles Clippers, received a lifetime ban from the NBA on April 29, 2014, after racist remarks he made became public. Sterling was also fined US$2.5 million, the maximum allowed under the NBA Constitution.[42]

text: Becky Hammon was hired by the San Antonio Spurs on August 5, 2014, as an assistant coach, becoming the second female coach in NBA history but the first full-time coach.[43][44] This also makes her the first full-time female coach in any of the four major professional sports in North America.[44]

text: The NBA announced on April 15, 2016, that it would allow all 30 of its member clubs to sell corporate sponsor advertisement patches on official game uniforms, beginning with the 2017–18 season. The sponsorship advertisement patches would appear on the left front of jerseys, opposite Nike's logo, marking the first time a manufacturer's logo would appear on NBA jerseys, and would measure approximately 2.5 by 2.5 inches. The NBA would become the first major North American professional sports league to allow corporate sponsorship logos on official team uniforms, and the last to have a uniform manufacturer logo appear on its team uniforms.[45] The first team to announce a jersey sponsorship was the Philadelphia 76ers, who agreed to a deal with StubHub.[46]

text: On July 6, 2017, the NBA unveiled an updated rendition of its logo; it is largely identical to the previous design, except with revised typography and a "richer" color scheme. The league began to phase in the updated logo across its properties during the 2017 NBA Summer League, but it will not immediately be used on equipment or uniforms due to lead time.[47]

text: The NBA also officially released new Nike uniforms for all 30 teams beginning with the 2017–18 season. The league eliminated "home" and "away" uniform designations. Instead, each team would have four uniforms: the "Association" edition, which is the team's traditional white uniform, the "Icon" edition, which is the team's primary color uniform, and two other uniform editions, to be unveiled at a later date.[48]

text: Teams

text:
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as: KML · GPX

text: The NBA originated in 1946 with 11 teams, and through a sequence of team expansions, reductions, and relocations currently consists of 30 teams. The United States is home to 29 teams and one is located in Canada.

text: The current league organization divides thirty teams into two conferences of three divisions with five teams each. The current divisional alignment was introduced in the 2004–05 season. Reflecting the population distribution of the United States and Canada as a whole, most teams are in the eastern half of the country: thirteen teams are in the Eastern Time Zone, nine in the Central, three in the Mountain, and five in the Pacific.

text:
Division

Team

City/State

Arena

Capacity

Coordinates

Founded

Joined

Head coach

Eastern Conference

Atlantic

Boston Celtics

Boston, Massachusetts

TD Garden

18,624

42°21′59″N 71°03′44″W / 42.366303°N 71.062228°W / 42.366303; -71.062228 (Boston Celtics)

1946

Brad Stevens

Brooklyn Nets

New York City, New York

Barclays Center

17,732

40°40′58″N 73°58′29″W / 40.68265°N 73.974689°W / 40.68265; -73.974689 (Brooklyn Nets)

1967*

1976

Kenny Atkinson

New York Knicks

New York City, New York

Madison Square Garden

19,812

40°45′02″N 73°59′37″W / 40.750556°N 73.993611°W / 40.750556; -73.993611 (New York Knicks)

1946

David Fizdale

Philadelphia 76ers

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Wells Fargo Center

21,600

39°54′04″N 75°10′19″W / 39.901111°N 75.171944°W / 39.901111; -75.171944 (Philadelphia 76ers)

1946*

1949

Brett Brown

Toronto Raptors

Toronto, Ontario

Scotiabank Arena

19,800

43°38′36″N 79°22′45″W / 43.643333°N 79.379167°W / 43.643333; -79.379167 (Toronto Raptors)

1995

Nick Nurse

Central

Chicago Bulls

Chicago, Illinois

United Center

20,917

41°52′50″N 87°40′27″W / 41.880556°N 87.674167°W / 41.880556; -87.674167 (Chicago Bulls)

1966

Fred Hoiberg

Cleveland Cavaliers

Cleveland, Ohio

Quicken Loans Arena

20,562

41°29′47″N 81°41′17″W / 41.496389°N 81.688056°W / 41.496389; -81.688056 (Cleveland Cavaliers)

1970

Tyronn Lue

Detroit Pistons

Detroit, Michigan

Little Caesars Arena

20,491

42°41′49″N 83°14′44″W / 42.696944°N 83.245556°W / 42.696944; -83.245556 (Detroit Pistons)

1941*

1948

Dwane Casey

Indiana Pacers

Indianapolis, Indiana

Bankers Life Fieldhouse

17,923

39°45′50″N 86°09′20″W / 39.763889°N 86.155556°W / 39.763889; -86.155556 (Indiana Pacers)

1967

1976

Nate McMillan

Milwaukee Bucks

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Fiserv Forum

18,717

43°02′37″N 87°55′01″W / 43.043611°N 87.916944°W / 43.043611; -87.916944 (Milwaukee Bucks)

1968

Mike Budenholzer

Southeast

Atlanta Hawks

Atlanta, Georgia

State Farm Arena

15,711

33°45′26″N 84°23′47″W / 33.757222°N 84.396389°W / 33.757222; -84.396389 (Atlanta Hawks)

1946*

1949

Lloyd Pierce

Charlotte Hornets

Charlotte, North Carolina

Spectrum Center

19,077

35°13′30″N 80°50′21″W / 35.225°N 80.839167°W / 35.225; -80.839167 (Charlotte Hornets)

1988*

James Borrego

Miami Heat

Miami, Florida

American Airlines Arena

19,600

25°46′53″N 80°11′17″W / 25.781389°N 80.188056°W / 25.781389; -80.188056 (Miami Heat)

1988

Erik Spoelstra

Orlando Magic

Orlando, Florida

Amway Center

18,846

28°32′21″N 81°23′01″W / 28.539167°N 81.383611°W / 28.539167; -81.383611 (Orlando Magic)

1989

Steve Clifford

Washington Wizards

Washington, D.C.

Capital One Arena

20,356

38°53′53″N 77°01′15″W / 38.898056°N 77.020833°W / 38.898056; -77.020833 (Washington Wizards)

1961*

Scott Brooks

Western Conference

Northwest

Denver Nuggets

Denver, Colorado

Pepsi Center

19,520

39°44′55″N 105°00′27″W / 39.748611°N 105.0075°W / 39.748611; -105.0075 (Denver Nuggets)

1967

1976

Michael Malone

Minnesota Timberwolves

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Target Center

19,356

44°58′46″N 93°16′34″W / 44.979444°N 93.276111°W / 44.979444; -93.276111 (Minnesota Timberwolves)

1989

Tom Thibodeau

Oklahoma City Thunder

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Chesapeake Energy Arena

18,203

35°27′48″N 97°30′54″W / 35.463333°N 97.515°W / 35.463333; -97.515 (Oklahoma City Thunder)

1967*

Billy Donovan

Portland Trail Blazers

Portland, Oregon

Moda Center

19,441

45°31′54″N 122°40′00″W / 45.531667°N 122.666667°W / 45.531667; -122.666667 (Portland Trail Blazers)

1970

Terry Stotts

Utah Jazz

Salt Lake City, Utah

Vivint Smart Home Arena

19,911

40°46′06″N 111°54′04″W / 40.768333°N 111.901111°W / 40.768333; -111.901111 (Utah Jazz)

1974*

Quin Snyder

Pacific

Golden State Warriors

Oakland, California

Oracle Arena

19,596

37°45′01″N 122°12′11″W / 37.750278°N 122.203056°W / 37.750278; -122.203056 (Golden State Warriors)

1946*

Steve Kerr

Los Angeles Clippers

Los Angeles, California

Staples Center

19,060

34°02′35″N 118°16′02″W / 34.043056°N 118.267222°W / 34.043056; -118.267222 (Los Angeles Clippers)

1970*

Doc Rivers

Los Angeles Lakers

Los Angeles, California

Staples Center

18,997

34°02′35″N 118°16′02″W / 34.043056°N 118.267222°W / 34.043056; -118.267222 (Los Angeles Lakers)

1947*

1948

Luke Walton

Phoenix Suns

Phoenix, Arizona

Talking Stick Resort Arena

18,055

33°26′45″N 112°04′17″W / 33.445833°N 112.071389°W / 33.445833; -112.071389 (Phoenix Suns)

1968

Igor Kokoškov

Sacramento Kings

Sacramento, California

Golden 1 Center

17,500

38°38′57″N 121°31′05″W / 38.649167°N 121.518056°W / 38.649167; -121.518056 (Sacramento Kings)

1923*

1948

Dave Joerger

Southwest

Dallas Mavericks

Dallas, Texas

American Airlines Center

19,200

32°47′26″N 96°48′37″W / 32.790556°N 96.810278°W / 32.790556; -96.810278 (Dallas Mavericks)

1980

Rick Carlisle

Houston Rockets

Houston, Texas

Toyota Center

18,055

29°45′03″N 95°21′44″W / 29.750833°N 95.362222°W / 29.750833; -95.362222 (Houston Rockets)

1967*

Mike D'Antoni

Memphis Grizzlies

Memphis, Tennessee

FedExForum

18,119

35°08′18″N 90°03′02″W / 35.138333°N 90.050556°W / 35.138333; -90.050556 (Memphis Grizzlies)

1995*

J. B. Bickerstaff

New Orleans Pelicans

New Orleans, Louisiana

Smoothie King Center

16,867

29°56′56″N 90°04′55″W / 29.948889°N 90.081944°W / 29.948889; -90.081944 (New Orleans Pelicans)

2002*

Alvin Gentry

San Antonio Spurs

San Antonio, Texas

AT&T Center

18,418

29°25′37″N 98°26′15″W / 29.426944°N 98.4375°W / 29.426944; -98.4375 (San Antonio Spurs)

1967*

1976

Gregg Popovich

text:
An asterisk (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.
The Fort Wayne Pistons, Minneapolis Lakers and Rochester Royals all joined the NBA (BAA) in 1948 from the NBL.
The Syracuse Nationals and Tri-Cities Blackhawks joined the NBA in 1949 as part of the BAA-NBL absorption.
The Indiana Pacers, New York Nets, San Antonio Spurs, and Denver Nuggets all joined the NBA in 1976 as part of the NBA-ABA merger.
The Charlotte Hornets are regarded as a continuation of the original Charlotte franchise. Because of this, the New Orleans Pelicans are no longer the same franchise as the original Charlotte Hornets. The Hornets were known as the Bobcats from 2004–2014. The New Orleans Pelicans were established in 2002. The Charlotte Hornets rejoined the league in 2004.

text: Regular season

text: Following the summer break, teams begin training camps in late September. Training camps allow the coaching staff to evaluate players (especially rookies), scout the team's strengths and weaknesses, prepare the players for the rigorous regular season, and determine the 12-man active roster (and a 3-man inactive list) with which they will begin the regular season. Teams have the ability to assign players with less than two years of experience to the NBA G League. After training camp, a series of preseason exhibition games are held. Preseason matches are sometimes held in non-NBA cities, both in the United States and overseas. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October.

text: During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road).

text: The NBA is one of only two of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada in which teams play every other team during the regular season (the other being the National Hockey League). Each team hosts and visits every other team at least once every season. From 2005 to 2008, the NBA had the distinction of being the only one of the four major leagues in which all teams play every other team.

text: The NBA is also the only league that regularly schedules games on Christmas Day.[49] The league has been playing games regularly on the holiday since 1947,[50] though the first Christmas Day games were not televised until 1983–84.[51] Games played on this day have featured some of the best teams and players.[49][50][51] Christmas is also notable for NBA on television, as the holiday is when the first NBA games air on network television each season.[50][51] Games played on this day have been some of the highest-rated games during a particular season.

text: In February, the regular season pauses to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star Game. Fans vote throughout the United States, Canada, and on the Internet, and the top vote-getters in each conference are named captains. Fan votes determine the rest of the allstar starters. Coaches vote to choose the remaining 14 All-Stars. Then, the top vote-getters in each conference draft their own team from a player pool of allstars. The top vote-getter in the league eanrs first pick and so forth. The player with the best performance during the game is rewarded with a Game MVP award. Other attractions of the All-Star break include the Rising Stars Challenge (originally Rookie Challenge), where the top rookies and second-year players in the NBA play in a 5-on-5 basketball game, with the current format pitting U.S. players against those from the rest of the world; the Skills Challenge, where players compete to finish an obstacle course consisting of shooting, passing, and dribbling in the fastest time; the Three Point Contest, where players compete to score the highest number of three-point field goals in a given time; and the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where players compete to dunk the ball in the most entertaining way according to the judges. These other attractions have varying names which include the names of the various sponsors who have paid for naming rights.

text: Shortly after the All-Star break is the trade deadline, which is set to fall on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in February) at 3pm Eastern Time.[52] After this date, teams are not allowed to exchange players with each other for the remainder of the season, although they may still sign and release players. Major trades are often completed right before the trading deadline, making that day a hectic time for general managers.

text: Around the middle of April, the regular season ends. It is during this time that voting begins for individual awards, as well as the selection of the honorary, league-wide, post-season teams. The Sixth Man of the Year Award is given to the best player coming off the bench (must have more games coming off the bench than actual games started). The Rookie of the Year Award is awarded to the most outstanding first-year player. The Most Improved Player Award is awarded to the player who is deemed to have shown the most improvement from the previous season. The Defensive Player of the Year Award is awarded to the league's best defender. The Coach of the Year Award is awarded to the coach that has made the most positive difference to a team. The Most Valuable Player Award is given to the player deemed the most valuable for (his team) that season. Additionally, Sporting News awards an unofficial (but widely recognized) Executive of the Year Award to the general manager who is adjudged to have performed the best job for the benefit of his franchise.

text: The post-season teams are the All-NBA Team, the All-Defensive Team, and the All-Rookie Team; each consists of five players. There are three All-NBA teams, consisting of the top players at each position, with first-team status being the most desirable. There are two All-Defensive teams, consisting of the top defenders at each position. There are also two All-Rookie teams, consisting of the top first-year players regardless of position.

text: Playoffs

text: The NBA Playoffs begin in late April, with the top eight teams in each conference, regardless of divisional alignment, competing for the Championship. Seeds are awarded in strict order of regular-season record (with a tiebreaker system used as needed).

text: Having a higher seed offers several advantages. Since the first seed begins the playoffs playing against the eighth seed, the second seed plays the seventh seed, the third seed plays the sixth seed, and the fourth seed plays the fifth seed, having a higher seed means a team faces a weaker team in the first round. The team in each series with the better record has home court advantage, including the First Round. Before the league changed its playoff determination format for the 2006–07 season, this meant that, for example, if the team that received the 6 seed had a better record than the team with the 3 seed (by virtue of a divisional championship), the 6 seed would have home court advantage, even though the other team had a higher seed. Therefore, the team with the best regular season record in the league is guaranteed home court advantage in every series it plays. For example, in 2006, the Denver Nuggets won 44 games and captured the Northwest Division and the #3 seed. Their opponent was the #6 seed Los Angeles Clippers, who won 47 games and finished second in the Pacific Division. Although Denver won its much weaker division, the Clippers had home-court advantage and won the series in 5.

text: The playoffs follow a tournament format. Each team plays an opponent in a best-of-seven series, with the first team to win four games advancing into the next round, while the other team is eliminated from the playoffs. In the next round, the successful team plays against another advancing team of the same conference. All but one team in each conference are eliminated from the playoffs. Since the NBA does not re-seed teams, the playoff bracket in each conference uses a traditional design, with the winner of the series matching the 1st and 8th seeded teams playing the winner of the series matching the 4th and 5th seeded teams, and the winner of the series matching the 2nd and 7th seeded teams playing the winner of the series matching the 3rd and 6th seeded teams. In every round, the best-of-7 series follows a 2–2–1–1–1 home-court pattern, meaning that one team will have home court in games 1, 2, 5, and 7, while the other plays at home in games 3, 4, and 6. From 1985 to 2013, the NBA Finals followed a 2–3–2 pattern, meaning that one team had home court in games 1, 2, 6, and 7, while the other played at home in games 3, 4, and 5.[53]

text: The final playoff round, a best-of-seven series between the victors of both conferences, is known as the NBA Finals, and is held annually in June. The victor in the NBA Finals wins the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Each player and major contributor—including coaches and the general manager—on the winning team receive a championship ring. In addition, the league awards the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award to the best performing player of the series.

text: The league began using its current format, with the top eight teams in each conference advancing regardless of divisional alignment, in the 2015–16 season. Previously, the top three seeds went to the division winners.[54]

text: League championships

text: The Boston Celtics have won the most championships with 17 NBA Finals wins. The second most successful franchise is the Los Angeles Lakers, who have 16 overall championships (11 in Los Angeles, 5 in Minneapolis). Following the Lakers, are the Chicago Bulls and Golden State Warriors (2 in Philadelphia, 4 in Oakland) with six championships each. The San Antonio Spurs have five championships, all since 1999.

text:
Teams
Win
Loss
Total
Year(s) won
Year(s) lost

Boston Celtics
17
4
21
1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008
1958, 1985, 1987, 2010

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers
16
15
31
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010
1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2008

Philadelphia/San Francisco/Golden State Warriors
6
4
10
1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, 2018
1948, 1964, 1967, 2016

Chicago Bulls
6
0
6
1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
—

San Antonio Spurs
5
1
6
1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014
2013

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers
3
6
9
1955, 1967, 1983
1950, 1954, 1977, 1980, 1982, 2001

Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
3
4
7
1989, 1990, 2004
1955, 1956, 1988, 2005

Miami Heat
3
2
5
2006, 2012, 2013
2011, 2014

New York Knicks
2
6
8
1970, 1973
1951, 1952, 1953, 1972, 1994, 1999

Houston Rockets
2
2
4
1994, 1995
1981, 1986

Cleveland Cavaliers
1
4
5
2016
2007, 2015, 2017, 2018

St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks
1
3
4
1958
1957, 1960, 1961

Baltimore/Washington Bullets (now Washington Wizards)
1
3
4
1978
1971, 1975, 1979

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder
1
3
4
1979
1978, 1996, 2012

Portland Trail Blazers
1
2
3
1977
1990, 1992

Milwaukee Bucks
1
1
2
1971
1974

Dallas Mavericks
1
1
2
2011
2006

Baltimore Bullets (original) (folded in 1954)
1
0
1
1948
—

Rochester Royals (now Sacramento Kings)
1
0
1
1951
—

Phoenix Suns
0
2
2
—
1976, 1993

Utah Jazz (formerly New Orleans Jazz)
0
2
2
—
1997, 1998

New Jersey Nets (now Brooklyn Nets)
0
2
2
—
2002, 2003

Orlando Magic
0
2
2
—
1995, 2009

Chicago Stags (folded in 1950)
0
1
1
—
1947

Washington Capitols (folded in 1951)
0
1
1
—
1949

Indiana Pacers
0
1
1
—
2000

text: Current teams that have no NBA Finals appearances:

text:
Charlotte Hornets (formerly Charlotte Bobcats)
Denver Nuggets
Los Angeles Clippers (formerly Buffalo Braves, San Diego Clippers)
Memphis Grizzlies (formerly Vancouver Grizzlies)
Minnesota Timberwolves
New Orleans Pelicans (formerly New Orleans Hornets, New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets)
Toronto Raptors

text: Media coverage

text: As one of the major sports leagues in North America, the National Basketball Association has a long history of partnership with television networks in the United States. The League signed a contract with DuMont in its 8th season (1953–54), marking the first year the NBA had a national television broadcaster. Similar to NFL, the lack of television stations leads to NBC taking over the rights beginning the very next season until April 7, 1962 - NBC's first tenure with the NBA. Currently in the U.S., the NBA has a contract with ESPN and TNT through the 2024–25 season. Games that are not broadcast nationally are usually aired over regional sports network specific to the area where the teams are located.

text: International competitions

text: The National Basketball Association has sporadically participated in international club competitions. From 1987 to 1999 the NBA champions played against the continental champions of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) in the McDonald's Championship. This tournament was won by the NBA invitee every year it was held.[55]

text: Ticket prices and viewership demographics

text: In 2012, a ticket cost from $10 to $3,000 apiece, depending on the location of the seat and the success of the teams that were playing.[56]

text: Viewership demographics

text: According to Nielsen's survey, the NBA has the youngest audience, with 45 percent of its viewers under 35, but the least likely, along with Major League Baseball, to be watched by women, who make up only 30% of the viewership. It also has the highest share of black viewers with 45 percent of its viewers being black and only about 40 percent of viewers being white, making it the only top North American sport that doesn't have a white majority audience.[57]

text: Notable people

text: Presidents and commissioners

text:
Maurice Podoloff, President from 1946 to 1963
Walter Kennedy, President from 1963 to 1967 and Commissioner from 1967 to 1975
Larry O'Brien, Commissioner from 1975 to 1984
David Stern, Commissioner from 1984 to 2014
Adam Silver, Commissioner from 2014 to present

text: Players

text:
50 Greatest Players in NBA History
Lists of National Basketball Association players
List of foreign NBA players, a list that is exclusively for players who are not from the United States

text: Foreign players

text: International influence

text: Following pioneers like Vlade Divac (Serbia) and Dražen Petrović (Croatia) who joined the NBA in the late 1980s, an increasing number of international players have moved directly from playing elsewhere in the world to starring in the NBA. Below is a short list of foreign players who have won NBA awards or have been otherwise recognized for their contributions to basketball, either currently or formerly active in the league:

text:
Dražen Petrović, Croatia – 2002 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1993 Euroscar Player of the Year, 1986 and 1993 Mr. Europa Player of the Year, MVP of the 1986 FIBA World Championship and EuroBasket 1989, 2-time Olympic silver medalist, World Champion, European Champion, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Šarūnas Marčiulionis, Lithuania – 2014 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. First Soviet Union and one of the very first Europeans to sign contract with NBA club and to play solidly in the league, helping to lead the way for the internationalization of the league in the late 1990s.
Toni Kukoč, Croatia – 3-time NBA Champion with Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998), named in 2008 as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Vlade Divac, Serbia – 2-time Olympic silver medalist, 2001 NBA All-Star, 2-time World Champion, 3-time European Champion, 1989 Mr. Europa, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Arvydas Sabonis, Lithuania – 2011 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1995, 1999 Euroscar Player of the Year, 1985, 1997 Mr. Europa Player of the Year, Olympic gold medalist in 1988 with the Soviet Union and bronze medalist in 1992 and 1996 with Lithuania, 1996 NBA All-Rookie First Team, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
Peja Stojaković, Serbia – NBA Champion with Dallas Mavericks (2011), MVP of the EuroBasket 2001, member of the all-tournament team in the 2002 FIBA World Championship, 2001 Euroscar winner, 2001 and 2002 Mr. Europa, 2002 and 2003 NBA Three-Point Shootout champion, 3-time NBA All-Star (drafted in 1996, entered the NBA in 1998)
Dirk Nowitzki, Germany – NBA Champion with Dallas Mavericks (2011), MVP of the 2002 FIBA World Championship and EuroBasket 2005, member of the all-tournament team in the 2002 FIBA World Championship, 2002–2006 and 2011 Euroscar winner, 2005 Mr. Europa, 2005 and 2011 FIBA Europe Player of the Year, 2007 NBA MVP, 2011 Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award, 2006 NBA Three-Point Shootout champion and 13-time NBA All-Star (entered the NBA in 1998)
Hedo Türkoğlu, Turkey – 2008 Most Improved Player Award winner, member of the all-tournament team in the 2010 FIBA World Championship (entered the NBA in 2000)
Pau Gasol, Spain – 2-time NBA Champion with Los Angeles Lakers (2009 & 2010), Six time NBA All-Star, 2002 NBA Rookie of the Year, 2004 and 2009 Mr. Europa, 2006 FIBA World Championship MVP, 2008 and 2009 Euroscar and FIBA Europe Player of the Year, EuroBasket 2009 MVP, winner of the NBA Citizenship Award in 2012 (entered the NBA in 2001)
Andrei Kirilenko, Russia – 2004 NBA All-Star, EuroBasket 2007 MVP, 2007 FIBA Europe Player of the Year (drafted in 1999, played in the NBA from 2001 to 2011 before returning to Russia due to the lockout, returned in 2012 as a member of the Minnesota Timberwolves.)
Tony Parker, France – 4-time NBA Champion with the Spurs, 2007 NBA Finals MVP, 6-time All-Star and 2007 Euroscar winner (entered the NBA in 2001)
Manu Ginóbili, Argentina – 4-time NBA Champion with San Antonio Spurs, 2008 Sixth Man Award winner, 2-time All-Star, 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors, gold medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics with Argentina (drafted in 1999, entered the NBA in 2002)
Yao Ming, China – 2016 inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, first pick in the 2002 NBA draft and 8-time NBA All-Star (played in the NBA from 2002 to 2011)
Leandro Barbosa, Brazil – NBA Champion with Golden State Warriors (2015),[58] 2007 Sixth Man Award winner (entered the NBA in 2003)
Andrea Bargnani, Italy – First pick in the 2006 NBA draft by the Toronto Raptors (entered the NBA in 2006)

text: On some occasions, young players, most but not all from the English-speaking world, have attended U.S. colleges before playing in the NBA. Notable examples are:

text:
Nigerian Hakeem Olajuwon (top draft pick in 1984, 2-time champion, 12-time All-Star, 1994 MVP, 1994 and 1995 Finals MVP, 1994 and 1995 Defensive Player of the Year, only player to receive the MVP Award, Defensive Player of the Year Award, and Finals MVP award in the same season, and Hall of Famer)
Congolese Dikembe Mutombo (Four time NBA Defensive Player of the Year, selected fourth overall by the Denver Nuggets in the 1991 NBA Draft and 8-time NBA All-Star)
Dutchman Rik Smits (1988 second overall pick, 1998 NBA All-Star, played 12 years for the Indiana Pacers)
German Detlef Schrempf (Sixth Man Award winner in 1991 and 1992, 3-time All-Star)
Canadian Steve Nash (2005 and 2006 MVP, 8-time All-Star)
Australians Luc Longley (3-time champion with the Bulls in the 1990s) and Andrew Bogut, (top draft pick in 2005).
Sudanese-born Englishman Luol Deng (2007 winner of the NBA Sportsmanship Award, 2-time All-Star)

text: Since 2006, the NBA has faced EuroLeague teams in exhibition matches in the NBA Europe Live Tour, and since 2009 in the EuroLeague American Tour.

text: The 2013–14 season opened with a record 92 international players on the opening night rosters, representing 39 countries and comprising over 20% of the league[24] The NBA defines "international" players as those born outside the 50 United States and Washington, D.C. This means that:

text:
Players born in U.S. possessions such as Puerto Rico and the U.S., Virgin Islands, most notably USVI native Tim Duncan, are counted as "international" even though they are U.S. citizens by birth, and may even have represented the U.S. in international competition (like Duncan).
U.S.-born players are not counted as "international" even if they were born with citizenship in another country and represent that country internationally, such as Joakim Noah, and Kosta Koufos.

text: Coaches

text:
List of current National Basketball Association head coaches
List of National Basketball Association head coaches
List of National Basketball Association player-coaches
List of NBA championship head coaches
List of foreign NBA coaches
Top 10 Coaches in NBA History