document_title: Scottie Pippen

question_text: who did scottie pippen play college basketball for

question_tokens: who did scottie pippen play college basketball for

text: Scottie Pippen

text: Early life[edit]

text: Scottie Pippen was born on September 25, 1965, in Hamburg, Arkansas, the youngest of 12 children born to Ethel and Preston Pippen (June 9, 1920[9] – May 10, 1990).[10] Pippen's mother was 6 feet tall and his father was 6'1"; all of their children were tall with Scottie being the tallest. His parents could not afford to send their other children to college. His father worked in a paper mill until a stroke paralyzed his right side, prevented him from walking and affected his speech.[11]

text: Pippen attended Hamburg High School. Playing point guard, he led his team to the state playoffs and earned all-conference honors as a senior. He was not offered any college scholarships. Pippen began his college playing career at the University of Central Arkansas in Conway after being discovered by then-UCA Head coach Don Dyer as a 6'1" walk-on. He did not receive much recognition in college because the school played in the NAIA. He eventually had a growth spurt to 6'8",[12] and his per game averages of 23.6 points, 10 rebounds, 4.3 assists and near 60 percent field goal shooting earned the Central Arkansas senior Consensus NAIA All-American honors in 1987 and made him a dominant player in the Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference, drawing the attention of NBA scouts.[8][13]

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

1983–84
Central Arkansas
20

.456

.684
3.0
0.7
0.5

4.3

1984–85
Central Arkansas
19

.564

.676
9.2
1.6
1.5

18.5

1985–86
Central Arkansas
29

.556

.686
9.2
3.5
2.4

19.8

1986–87
Central Arkansas
25

.592
.575
.719
10.0
4.3
4.2

23.6

Career

93

.563
.575
.695
8.1
2.7
2.1

17.2

text: NBA career[edit]

text: Early career (1987–1990)[edit]

text: He was selected fifth overall in the 1987 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics and traded to the Chicago Bulls for Olden Polynice and future draft pick options.[14] Pippen became part of Chicago's young forward tandem with 6'10" power forward Horace Grant, although both came off the bench to back up Brad Sellers and Charles Oakley respectively, during their rookie seasons. Scottie made his NBA debut on November 7, 1987 when the Chicago Bulls faced the Philadelphia 76ers as their first game of the season. He finished the game with 10 points, 2 steals, 4 assists and 1 rebound in 23 minutes of play. The Bulls won their season-opening game 104–94.[15] With fellow Bull Michael Jordan as a motivational and instructional mentor, Pippen refined his skills and slowly developed many new ones over his career. Jordan and Pippen frequently played one-on-one outside of team practices simply to hone each other's skills on offense and defense. Pippen claimed the starting small forward position during the 1988 NBA Playoffs, helping the Jordan-led Bulls to reach the conference semifinals for the first time in over a decade. Pippen emerged as one of the league's premier young forwards at the turn of the decade,[16] recording then-career highs in points (16.5 points per game), rebounds (6.7 rebounds per game), and field goal shooting (48.9%) as well as being the NBA's number three leader in steals (211).[16] These feats earned Pippen his debut NBA All-Star selection in 1990.[16] Pippen continued to improve as the Bulls reached the Eastern Conference Finals in 1989 and 1990, but were eliminated both times by the Detroit Pistons. In the 1990 final, Pippen suffered a severe migraine headache at the start of Game 7 that impacted his gameplay, and he made only one of his ten field goal attempts as the Bulls lost 93–74.[17]

text: The Bulls' first three-peat (1991–1993)[edit]

text: In the 1990–91 NBA season, Pippen emerged as the Bulls' primary defensive stopper and a versatile scoring threat in Phil Jackson's 'triangle offense'. Alongside the help of Michael Jordan, Scottie continued to improve his game. He had his first triple-double on November 23 when the Bulls faced the Los Angeles Clippers as he had 13 points, 12 assists and 13 rebounds in 30 minutes in a 105–97 win.[18] He had his second triple-double against the Indiana Pacers on December 22 as the Bulls defeated the Pacers 128–118. Pippen finished the game with 18 points, 11 assists and 10 rebounds in 41 minutes of play, in addition to 1 steal and 1 block while shooting 54.5% from the field.[19] Scottie scored a season-high of 43 points on February 23 in a 129–108 win against the Charlotte Hornets. In addition, he also grabbed 4 rebounds, dished out 6 assists and had 6 steals in 31 minutes of play. He had a career-high field goal percentage that game with 94.1% as he was 16–17 from the field.[20] Pippen had his third and final triple-double of the season on April 4 against the New York Knicks as the Bulls won 101–91. He finished the game with 20 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in addition to 4 steals while shooting 50% from the field in 42 minutes of play.[21] The Bulls finished the season with a record of 61–21. They were first in the Central Division, first in the Eastern Conference and second overall, as the Portland Trail Blazers clinched the first spot. Pippen was second on the team in points per game with 17.8 and steals with 2.4 next to Michael Jordan and he was also second in rebounds per game with 7.3 next to Horace Grant. Pippen led the team in blocks per game with 1.1 and assists per game with 6.2.[22] He ranked fifth overall in the NBA in steals, both for total and per game.[23] For his efforts in the 1990–91 NBA season Pippen was awarded NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors.[22] The Bulls went on to defeat the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1991 NBA Finals.

text: He helped lead the Bulls to their first three-peat, as they won the following two years in 1992 and 1993. Pippen earned 10 NBA All-Defensive Team nods, including 8 on the first team. In 1992, he was named to the original Dream Team which competed in the Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. With the U.S. winning the gold medal, Pippen and Jordan became the first players to win both an NBA championship and an Olympic gold medal in the same year.[5]

text: The Dream Team (1992)[edit]

text: On September 21, 1991, amongst 9 other players (2 more would be later selected), Pippen was announced as a member of the United States men's Olympic basketball team which was set to represent the United States of America in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.[24]

text: Pippen without Jordan (1993–1995)[edit]

text: Michael Jordan retired before the 1993–94 season and in his absence Pippen emerged from Jordan's shadow. That year, he earned All-Star Game MVP honors and led the Bulls in scoring, assists, and blocks, and was second in the NBA in steals per game, averaging 22.0 points, 8.7 rebounds, 5.6 assists, 2.9 steals, and 0.8 blocks per game, while shooting 49.1% from the field and a career-best 32% from the 3-point line. For his efforts, he earned the first of three straight All-NBA First Team selections, and he finished third in MVP voting. The Bulls (with key additions of Toni Kukoč, Steve Kerr and Luc Longley) finished the season with 55 wins, only two fewer than the year before.

text: However, one of the most controversial moments of Pippen's career came in his first year without Jordan. In the 1994 NBA Playoffs, the Eastern Conference Semifinals pitted the Bulls against the New York Knicks, whom the Bulls had dispatched en route to a championship each of the previous three seasons. On May 13, 1994, down 2–0 in the series in Game 3, Bulls coach Phil Jackson needed a big play from his team to have any chance of going on to the conference finals. With 1.8 seconds left and the score tied at 102, Jackson designed the last play for rookie Toni Kukoč, with Pippen instructed to inbound the basketball. Pippen, who had been the Bulls' leader all season long in Jordan's absence, was so angered by Jackson's decision to not let him take the potential game-winner that he refused to leave the bench and re-enter the game when the timeout was over.[25] Although Kukoč did hit the game-winner, a 23-foot fadeaway jumper at the buzzer, there was little celebrating by the Bulls, as television cameras caught an unsmiling Phil Jackson storming off the court.[26] "Scottie asked out of the play," Jackson told reporters moments later in the post-game interview.[27] Teammate Steve Kerr elaborated when asked to recall the event: "I don't know what got into Pippen. He is such a great teammate and maybe the pressure was getting to him and he just could not take it anymore, no one knows for sure but he is a team player."[attribution needed]

text: A key play occurred in the following Game 5 which changed the outcome of the series. With 2.1 seconds left in the fourth quarter, the Knicks' Hubert Davis attempted a 23-foot shot which was defended by Pippen, who was called for a personal foul by referee Hue Hollins, who determined that Pippen made contact with Davis.[28] Television replays indicated that contact was made after Davis had released the ball.[28] Davis successfully made both free throw attempts to assist in the Knicks victory, 87–86, and gave the Knicks a three games to two advantage in the series.[28] the resulting incident was described as the most controversial moment of Hollins' career by Referee magazine.[29] Hollins defended the call after the game saying, "I saw Scottie make contact with his shooting motion. I'm positive there was contact on the shot."[28] Darell Garretson, the league's supervisor of officials and who also officiated in the league, agreed with Hollins and issued a statement, "The perception is that referees should put their whistles in their pockets in the last minutes. But it all comes down to what is sufficient contact. There's an old, old adage that refs don't make those calls in the last seconds. Obviously, you hope you don't make a call that will decide a game. But the call was within the context of how we had been calling them all game."[28] Garretson later changed his stance of the call the next season. Speaking to a Chicago Tribune reporter, Garretson described Hollins' call as "terrible".[29] Chicago head coach Phil Jackson, upset over the outcome of the game, was fined $10,000 for comparing the loss to the gold medal game controversy at the 1972 Summer Olympics.[30]

text: In Game 6, Pippen made the signature play of his career. Midway in the third quarter, Pippen received the ball during a Bulls fast break, charging toward the basket. As center Patrick Ewing jumped up to defend the shot, Pippen fully extended the ball out, absorbing body contact and a foul from Ewing, and slammed the ball through the hoop with Ewing's hand in his face. Pippen landed several feet away from the basket along the baseline, incidentally walking over a fallen Ewing. He then made taunting remarks to both Ewing and then Spike Lee, who was standing courtside supporting the Knicks, thus receiving a technical foul. This extended the Bulls' lead to 17; they won 93–79.

text: In the final Game 7, Pippen scored 20 points and grabbed a whopping 16 rebounds, but the Bulls still lost 87–77.[31] The Knicks then proceeded to the NBA Finals, where they lost to the Houston Rockets, also in seven games.

text: Trade rumors involving Pippen escalated during the 1994 off-season. Jerry Krause, the Bulls' general manager, was reportedly looking to ship Pippen off to the Seattle SuperSonics in exchange for all-star forward Shawn Kemp, moving Toni Kukoč into Pippen's position as starting small forward with Kemp filling in the vacant starting power forward position in place of Horace Grant, a free agent who left the Bulls for the up-and-coming Orlando Magic during the off-season. In January, when asked by the late Craig Sager as to whether he thought would be traded, Pippen replied, "I hope I am".[32] However, Pippen would remain a Bull and those rumors were put to rest once it was announced that Michael Jordan would be returning to the Bulls late in the 1994–95 season. The Pippen-led Bulls did not play as well in the 1994–95 season as they had in the season before. In fact, for the first time in years they were in danger of missing the playoffs (though much of this may be due to a lack of interior defense and rebounding due to Grant's departure). The Bulls were just 34–31 prior to Jordan's return for the final 17 games, and Jordan led them to a 13–4 record to close the regular season. Still, Pippen finished the 1994–95 season leading the Bulls in every major statistical category—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks—becoming only the second player in NBA history to accomplish this (Dave Cowens did it in 1977–78; it has since been achieved also by Kevin Garnett in 2002–03, LeBron James in 2008–09, and Giannis Antetokounmpo in 2016–17).[3][33]

text: The Bulls' second three-peat (1996–1998)[edit]

text: With the return of Michael Jordan and the addition of two-time champion Dennis Rodman, the Bulls posted the best regular-season record in NBA history at the time (72–10) in 1995–96 en route to winning their fourth title against the Seattle SuperSonics. Later that year, Pippen became the first person to win an NBA championship and an Olympic gold medal in the same year twice, playing for Team USA at the Atlanta Olympics.[5]

text: The Bulls opened 1996–97 NBA season with a 17–1 record and had a league-best record of 42–6 when entering the All-Star break.[34] Both Pippen and Jordan were selected as one of the NBA's 50 Greatest Players due to the league celebrating its 50th season. The ceremony was held at half-time of the 1997 NBA All-Star Game which took place on February 9, 1997. Phil Jackson, the Chicago Bulls head coach, was honored as one of the 10 greatest coaches in NBA history, while the 1992 Chicago Bulls Championship team and the 1996 Chicago Bulls Championship team, on which Scottie played key roles, were selected as two of the greatest teams in NBA history.[35] In the All-Star game itself, Pippen was 4–9 from the field, finishing with 8 points as well as 3 rebounds and 2 assists in 25 minutes of play. The East defeat the West 132–120 and Glen Rice was crowned the All-Star Game MVP[36] Pippen scored a career high of 47 points in a 134–123 win over the Denver Nuggets on February 18. He was 19–27 from the field and in addition grabbed 4 rebounds, dished out 5 assists and had 2 steals in 41 minutes of play.[37] On February 23 Pippen was voted "Player of The Week" for his efforts in the week of February 17.[38] This would be his 5th time to receive that honor and also his last. But as the league entered its final weeks, the Bulls encountered their first major roadblocks in their drive to win their 5th NBA Championship as they lost several of their key players such as Bill Wennington, who had a ruptured tendon in his left foot,[39] Dennis Rodman, who had injured his knee[40] and Toni Kukoč, who had an inflamed sole on his right foot.[41] This put even more pressure on Scottie and Michael to try to keep Chicago from losing more games.[34] Chicago finished a league-best 69–13 record. In the final game of the regular season, Scottie missed a game-winning 3 pointer which led to the Bulls failing to have back-to-back 70-win seasons.[42] For his efforts in the 1996–97 NBA season, Pippen earned NBA All-Defensive First Team honors for the 7th consecutive time as well as All-NBA Second Team honors.[2]

text: Despite injuring his foot in the Eastern Conference Finals against the Miami Heat, Pippen helped the Bulls to an 84–82 victory over the Utah Jazz in Game 1 of the NBA Finals. One of the highlights of the game was when Karl Malone was fouled by Dennis Rodman with 9.2 seconds left and had a chance to give Utah the lead and Scottie famously psyched him out by saying: "Just remember, the mailman doesn't deliver on Sundays, Karl", before he stepped up to the line. He missed both free throws. Jordan got the rebound and quickly called a time-out with 7.5 seconds left. With the game on the line, the Bulls put the ball in Jordan's hands. He dribbled out most of the waning seconds, then launched a 20-footer that went in at the buzzer to give Chicago a 1–0 series lead.[43] In Game 3 of the series, Pippen tied a then finals record of seven 3-pointers, they still lost 104–93.[44] Perhaps the most iconic moment of the series happened in Game 5, which is also known as "The Flu Game". Jordan was battling illness but still managed to dominate the game as the Bulls won 90–88, and with only a few seconds remaining and the game's result safely in Chicago's favor, Jordan collapsed into Pippen's arms, creating an iconic image that has come to symbolize "The Flu Game".[45] During Game 6, Pippen made one of the greatest plays of his career. Trailing by two, the Jazz looked for a final shot to stay alive, but Pippen knocked away Bryon Russell's inbounds pass intended for Shandon Anderson and rolled the ball over to Toni Kukoč, who dunked the final 2 points of the game to give the Bulls a 90–86 lead, clinching their fifth championship. Afterwards, Jordan was named Finals MVP for the fifth time.[46]

text: Amid speculation that the 1997–98 season would be the last in Chicago for Pippen, Jordan, and Jackson, the Bulls followed up by playing against the Jazz again in the 1998 NBA Finals to win their second three-peat.

text: Houston Rockets (1998–1999)[edit]

text: In the lockout-shortened 1998–99 season, after being with the Chicago Bulls for 11 seasons, Pippen, the second all-time leader in points, assists, and steals in Bulls franchise history, was traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Roy Rogers and a 2nd round pick in the 2000 NBA draft (Jake Voskuhl was later selected).[2] Pippen's trade to Houston received much publicity, including his only solo cover of Sports Illustrated.[47] In order for the Rockets to create enough salary-cap room to acquire Pippen, Charles Barkley said that he sacrificed greatly as he signed a five-year $67.2 million contract before the previous season.[48] Pippen's salary was $11,000,000, almost four times as much as his salary the previous season with the Chicago Bulls, $2,775,000.[2]

text: Alongside Barkley, his former Olympic teammate, he was also teamed with Hakeem Olajuwon, but there were chemistry problems, especially with Barkley.[49] Pippen had his first triple-double in a 93–87 loss against the Atlanta Hawks as he had 15 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists in addition to 1 steal in 46 minutes of play.[50] On April 22, 1999, Pippen was detained under suspicion of driving while intoxicated.[51] A Houston police officer who stopped Pippen about 1:30 a.m. said the Rockets' star ran a red light. A member of the department's DWI task force was called after it was suspected Pippen was intoxicated, Houston police spokesman Fred King said.[52] The charges were later dropped due to insufficient evidence.[53] He had his second triple-double of the season in a 106–101 loss against the Los Angeles Clippers as he had 23 points, 10 assists and 10 rebounds in addition to 6 steals in 45 minutes of play.[54] Despite averaging a career high in minutes per game with 40.2 and finishing 4th in the NBA in minutes played, Pippen averaged 14.5 points per game, his lowest since his rookie year, and he made a career-low 43.2 percent of his shots. He also averaged 6.5 rebounds and 5.9 assists and was named to the NBA All-Defensive first team for the 8th time.[55] The Rockets finished the season with a 31–19 record, finishing third in the Midwest Division and fifth in the Western Conference. They faced the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round of the playoffs. In Game 3 of the series, Pippen scored 37 points, 13 rebounds, 4 assists and 1 block in order to stave off elimination.[56] The Lakers would go on to win the series the following game as they defeated the Rockets 98–88 and took the series 3–1.[57]

text: Following the season's end and the Rocket's elimination from the playoffs, Pippen expressed that he wanted to be traded. Charles Barkley appeared on Up Close and openly criticized Pippen by saying: "For him to want to leave after one year, it disappointed me greatly. The Rockets went out of their way to get Scottie and the fans have treated him well, so I was just disappointed in him." Pippen commented on the situation in an interview by saying: "I wouldn't give Charles Barkley an apology at gunpoint. He can never expect an apology from me, if anything, he owes me an apology for coming to play with his fat butt." He stated that the main reasons for his departure were Barkley's selfishness and his lack of desire to win. He also expressed the wish to play for his former coach Phil Jackson, who was now coaching the Los Angeles Lakers. Scottie said one of the reasons he wants to play for Jackson is because he longs to return to the system in which they won six NBA titles together in Chicago.[48] Pippen was traded by the Houston Rockets to the Portland Trail Blazers on October 2, 1999 in exchange for Stacey Augmon, Kelvin Cato, Ed Gray, Carlos Rogers, Brian Shaw and Walt Williams.[58]

text: Portland Trail Blazers (1999–2003)[edit]

text: Pippen claimed the starting small forward position with the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1999–2000 NBA season. Playing alongside new stars such as Rasheed Wallace and Steve Smith, Pippen continued to demonstrate his defensive capabilities, even past his prime. On January 3, when the Trail Blazers faced the Bulls, Pippen was honored with a video tribute highlighting his best moments in his 11-year career with the Bulls. Pippen later commented on the tribute by saying: "It was very emotional for me, but I tried to handle it as well as possible realizing I had a game to play. It was something that brought back a lot of memories for me, a lot of things I miss about this city, playing in this arena."[59] Under Head coach Mike Dunleavy, the Trail Blazers posted a 59–23 record and clinched the second spot in the Pacific Division and the third spot in the Western Conference. Pippen played and started in all 82 games that season, averaging 12.5 points per game, 5 assists and 6.3 rebounds per game.[60] In the first round of the 2000 NBA Playoffs, Portland defeated the Minnesota Timberwolves 3 games to 1.[61] Their opponents in the second round were the Utah Jazz.[62] In Game 5, while leading the series 3–1, with 12.6 seconds remaining and Portland trailing by 2, Pippen inbounded the ball to Damon Stoudamire who returned it to Pippen, who hit a three pointer with 7.3 seconds remaining. The Jazz fouled Pippen on the next play, and he stepped to the line and made one of two free throws to give the Blazers a 81–79 lead. Bryon Russell of the Jazz attempted a game-winning three-pointer but threw the shot off balance, which resulted in an air ball. The Trail Blazers won the series 4–1 and advanced to the Western Conference Finals.[63] There they faced the Los Angeles Lakers, coached under Phil Jackson, Pippen's former coach in Chicago. The series was stretched to a deciding Game 7, in which the Trail Blazers held a 15-point lead in the 4th quarter. However, led by the All-Star duo of Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal, the Lakers managed to erase Portland's lead and win the game 89–84 and with that also the series.[64] The Lakers proceeded to the 2000 NBA Finals where they faced the Indiana Pacers and were eventually crowned the NBA Champions.

text: In the 2000–01 NBA season, Pippen played 64 games, starting in 60 of them. He was forced to miss 18 games due to a tendinitis in the elbow of his right arm, which was his shooting arm. Pippen started being bothered by minor injuries during December but still managed to play. His right arm stiffened after a game with the Boston Celtics on January 8. He missed the next six games and, after a two-point performance in a loss to the Sacramento Kings on January 20, the injury became too painful for him again. He had the elbow examined by several doctors before going into surgery.[65][66] After undergoing the procedure to remove a bone fragment in his right elbow, he made his return on February 22 against the Utah Jazz and played for the remainder of the season.[67] Pippen finished the season with averages of 11.3 points per game, 4.6 assists and 5.2 rebounds per game. The Trail Blazers finished the season with a 50–32 record, fourth in the Pacific Division and seventh in the Western Conference. They were swept in the first round of the playoffs by the returning and eventual repeat champions, the Los Angeles Lakers.[68]

text: Pippen played for two more seasons in Portland: the Trail Blazers made the playoffs both years, but were eliminated in the first round both times.

text: Return to Chicago (2003–2004)[edit]

text: After the 2002–03 season, Pippen left Portland in order to sign with the Chicago Bulls, where he had begun his NBA career and won six championships. Bulls' general manager John Paxson pursued Pippen to return to his old team, which had little success following the break-up of the Bulls dynasty in 1998. The deal was made official on July 20, 2003, as Pippen signed a two-year, $10 million contract with the franchise.[69] Pippen assumed a veteran role on the team in order to guide the young Bulls team, but was faced with numerous injuries throughout the season and was only able to play 23 games, averaging 5.9 points, 2.2 assists and 3.0 rebounds per game.[70] He played the final game of his NBA career against the Seattle SuperSonics on February 2, 2004, scoring 2 points, with 3 assists and 1 rebound in 8 minutes of play in a 109–97 loss.[71] The Bulls compiled a 23–59 record, failing to qualify for the playoffs.[72] This would mark the first time in Pippen's career that his team didn't reach the playoffs. Pippen was a constant presence in the NBA playoffs prior to this season, reaching the playoffs in 16 straight years (11 with Chicago, 1 with Houston, 4 with Portland). He leads the NBA in career playoff steals, with 395. On October 5, 2004, Pippen announced his retirement.[73]

text: Retirement[edit]

text: The Chicago Bulls retired Pippen's jersey number in a ceremony on December 9, 2005. The team played against the Los Angeles Lakers that night and Pippen was reunited with Phil Jackson, Michael Jordan, Dennis Rodman and Horace Grant during the ceremony. Pippen's 33 joined Michael Jordan's 23, Bob Love's 10, and Jerry Sloan's 4 as the only numbers retired by the Bulls.[74]

text: In 2007, Pippen had attempted to make an NBA comeback as he expressed that he would like to play for a championship contender in hopes of getting his 7th Championship ring. Pippen had spent the winter working out in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and announced that he was hoping for a late-season return to the league. Dwyane Wade, who was the Finals MVP of the 2006 NBA Finals and the captain of the returning champions, the Miami Heat, liked the idea of Pippen making a comeback and expressed his views on it: "I'm already playing with [Gary] Payton and Shaq, two guys I used to play with on video games. To add Scottie Pippen to the mix, that would be crazy."[75]

text: In January 2008, Pippen made a brief comeback to professional basketball at age 42, when he made a tour of Scandinavia and played two games for top Finnish league team Torpan Pojat (ToPo), and top Swedish league team Sundsvall.[76] In his first game, on January 4, Pippen scored 12 points in ToPo's 93–81 win over Porvoo. He registered nine points and nine rebounds in a 98–85 win over Honka on January 5.[77] In his third game of the tour, Pippen registered 21 points, 12 rebounds, six assists and two steals in 30 minutes in a 102–74 Sundsvall Dragons win over Akropol of Rinkeby. The Dragons paid Pippen $66,000 for his appearance.[76]

text: Pippen returned to the Bulls on July 15, 2010 as a team ambassador.[78] In 2012, he was named senior advisor to Michael Reinsdorf, the Bulls' president and COO.[79]

text: Pippen started in the 2011 NBA All-Star Celebrity Game for the East squad alongside his former 1992 Dream Team teammate Chris Mullin. He was 6–8 from the field and topped the game's scoring list with 17 points. The East squad ended up defeating the West squad 54 to 49. One of the highlights of the game was Pippen's block on singer Justin Bieber who ended up being voted as the MVP of the game. In a later interview, Pippen commented on Bieber's performance: "He played pretty well, but he has an ugly shot."[80]

text: In order to commemorate the 20th anniversary of their first NBA Championship in 1991, the Chicago Bulls organization honored the 1991 Chicago Bulls Championship team in a ceremony during halftime of a game versus the Utah Jazz on March 12, 2011. Scottie Pippen and Michael Jordan both attended and participated in the celebration, where they were reunited with their former teammates John Paxson, Horace Grant, Stacey King, Craig Hodges, Will Perdue, Scott Williams, Cliff Levingston, Dennis Hopson and Assistant Coach Johnny Bach. Former head coach Phil Jackson did not participate but gave a speech via a video message. Former Bulls' broadcaster Jim Durham emceed the halftime ceremony.[81]

text: On March 17, 2011, the Chicago Bulls organization announced that they would honor Pippen with a bronze statue which will be placed inside of the Bulls' home arena, the United Center. He expressed his gratitude by saying: "Words really can’t express my feelings. It's something you dream of as a kid growing up, but you can never foresee those childhood fantasies becoming reality. You see statues of individuals who have done great things and made their mark on history, but as a basketball player, you never really think about arriving at this point. It's an amazing honor for the Chicago Bulls to do this for me."[82] The statue was unveiled on April 7, 2011 during a half-time ceremony of a game between the Chicago Bulls and the Boston Celtics.[83]

text: On May 27, 2011, Pippen generated a great deal of criticism by saying that Miami Heat star LeBron James may be a better player than Michael Jordan. This came only a day after the Heat beat the Bulls 4 games to 1 to advance to the 2011 NBA Finals. Pippen said: "Michael Jordan is probably the greatest scorer to ever play the game. I may go so far as saying LeBron James may be the greatest player to ever play the game."[84] Pippen faced a backlash from Bulls fans after his comments, and even former teammates such as Horace Grant who stated in a radio interview: "Wow, Pippen's my man, and we'll always be close, but I totally disagree. LeBron is going to be one of the top players to ever play the game, but Michael Jeffrey Jordan, who we bumped heads at times, is I think, the best basketball player I've ever seen."[85] In a later interview on the radio show Kap & Haugh Pippen stated: "No, I did not say I would take LeBron over Michael. The reality is you need to go back and figure out what I said."[86]

text: Player profile[edit]

text: Pippen was renowned for his defensive abilities, having made the NBA All Defensive Team ten consecutive years during his career and leading the league in steals in 1994–95. Phil Jackson once described him as a "one-man wrecking crew", capable of guarding anyone from the point guard to the center position.[87] Pippen is one of three NBA players to record 200 steals and 100 blocks in a season and he has the record for most career steals in the playoffs (395). He was skilled at staying in front of his man on defense, and particularly effective as a help defender, with his long arms in traps. He was also capable of chasing down an opposing player in transition to block shots from behind.

text: On offense, Pippen relied primarily on his remarkable athleticism to gain an advantage over his defender; he slashed towards the basket for higher percentage shots. Early in his career, Pippen was not an adept jump shooter; he struggled when shooting directly on a line to the basket. He favored shooting his jump shots—mid-range and three pointers—on an angle. He could regularly bank the ball off the backboard into the basket. He honed his jump shot over the course of his career and became more effective at scoring from distance later in his career.[citation needed]

text: Legacy[edit]

text:
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text: Pippen is remembered as one of the greatest defenders ever to play the game, and one of the most versatile and agile players overall. Much like fellow Chicago Bull Michael Jordan, he provided tenacious on-the-ball perimeter defense, or tough interior defense, and was particularly effective as a help defender. He was gifted with extraordinary athleticism, even compared with other professional athletes, and skills in areas that bode well for basketball.

text: His unusually long arms (88 in (2.2 m) wingspan)[11] and jumping agility helped him to clog the passing lanes on defense, to block shots from behind on players that had managed to pass by him, to grab out-of-reach rebounds, to make unusual plays in mid-air, and to make passes around defenders that most players are physically unable to make. He often led the Bulls in assists and blocks as a result. Pippen was also a selfless player. His team-focused approach to the game was a key component in the Bulls' championships. Pippen's career assists total of 6,135 (5.2 per game) is a testament to that approach. It was 23rd all-time among all players when he retired.

text: His intense work ethic and athletic physique gave him the ability to consistently make highlight-reel plays, such as applying defensive intensity, forcing a turnover, stealing the ball and starting a one-man fast break that he would finish with a thunderous slam dunk. As Pippen himself has attested, he and Jordan would compete to see who could force more turnovers and produce more offense from defense in each game (fast break points). During the 1990 Slam Dunk Contest, Pippen exhibited his leaping ability with a dunk from the free throw line. He was an athletic finisher at the rim, both with dunks and a skillful finger roll that he added to his skill set over time. He was also a prolific perimeter shooter, taking about three thousand and making almost one thousand three-pointers in his career.

text: Several NBA players have placed Pippen on their all-time starting lineups, some of which include Jason Kidd,[88] Michael Jordan,[89] and Karl Malone.[90]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Pippen has been married twice: to Karen McCollum (married 1988; divorced 1990) with whom he has a son, Antron Pippen (born 1987),[1] and to Larsa Younan (married 1997), with whom he has four children, Sophia Pippen, Justin Pippen, Preston Pippen, and Scottie Pippen, Jr. Larsa starred in the TV show The Real Housewives of Miami. Pippen also has a daughter, Sierra Pippen, with his former fiancée Yvette De Leon[91] and a daughter, Taylor Pippen, with former girlfriend and model Sonya Roby.[92][93]

text: A 1997 article in Sports Illustrated named him one of the three biggest "skinflints" in the NBA, along with Kevin Garnett and Shawn Kemp, and noted that restaurant workers had given him the nickname "No Tippin' Pippen".[94]

text: Shortly after retiring, Pippen learned that a financial adviser, whom Pippen claimed had been recommended by his team, was under investigation for bank fraud. Pippen had invested over $20 million through the adviser, Robert Lunn. In March 2016, Lunn was sentenced to three years in prison on multiple fraud counts, including forging Pippen's signature on a $1.4 million loan that Lunn used to pay off personal debts.[95]

text: In February 2011, he placed his $16 million mansion in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on the market.[96] In March 2011, a yard sale was held at his former home in Highland Park, Illinois.[97]

text: On July 11, 2013, Camran Shafighi filed a $4 million lawsuit against Pippen in Los Angeles Superior Court over an incident that occurred on June 23, 2013 at the Malibu restaurant Nobu. Shafighi said that he was physically attacked by Pippen after taking pictures of Pippen inside and outside the restaurant. Shafighi was then taken to a hospital.[98] On August 27, 2013, the Los Angeles County district attorney's office announced that charges would not be filed against Pippen.[99]

text: Pippen is a supporter of the Research for Child Cancer.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
Scottie Pippen's and Michael Jordan's characters were portrayed in the first episode of the 11th season of Family Guy titled "Into Fat Air".[100]
Pippen was featured in a video game titled Slam City with Scottie Pippen. The game is a live action FMV basketball video game developed by Digital Pictures for the PC, Sega CD, and Sega 32X. In the game, players face various opponents, including Pippen himself, in one-on-one games of basketball.[101] Pippen described the filming for the game as "kind of like attending practice."[102]
Pippen's famous dunk over former New York Knicks center Patrick Ewing was featured in a documentary film released by TNT titled "Posterized".
In 1996, Scottie Pippen appeared on the TV show ER in the season 2 episode "Baby Shower".[103]
Pippen was featured in a segment of the documentary film Hardwood Heroes which was released in 1998. The film also features Clyde Drexler, Glen Rice and others.
In 1998, amongst other NBA players, he appeared as a cameo in Spike Lee's sports drama film He Got Game.[104]
In 2009, Pippen appeared in the movie Midgets vs. Mascots.[105]
In 2010, Pippen voiced an animated version of himself in the "Love Rollercoaster" episode of The Cleveland Show.[106]
In 2013, Scottie was featured in a segment of volume 5 of a documentary series by NBA TV titled NB90s. The series consisted of five half-hour episodes and depicted the league and its players during the 1990s.[107]
In 2015, Scottie appeared as himself in episode 11 of the TV show Fresh Off the Boat.[108]
In 2015, Scottie made a cameo appearance in season 3, episode 23 of the TV show Chicago Fire.[109]
Pippen is referenced in the Notorious B.I.G. track "Microphone Murderer" & the Yo Gotti track "Act Right".
Pippen's likeness as "the rarest Equestranaut ever produced, the Scottie Pippen Special Edition Headhorn" was in the Bob's Burgers episode "The Equestranauts."
Joey Baron composed a song entitled "Scottie Pippen" which appears on his album Tongue in Groove.
In 2017, Scottie appeared as himself in the season 2 episode "Birdwatching" of the TV show Lethal Weapon.[110]

text: NBA career statistics[edit]

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

text:
†
Denotes seasons in which Pippen won an NBA championship

Led the league

text: Regular season[edit]

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

1987–88
Chicago
79
0
20.9
.463
.174
.576
3.8
2.1
1.2
0.7
7.9

1988–89
Chicago
73
56
33.1
.476
.273
.668
6.1
3.5
1.9
0.8
14.4

1989–90
Chicago
82
82
38.4
.489
.250
.675
6.7
5.4
2.6
1.2
16.5

1990–91†
Chicago
82
82
36.8
.520
.309
.706
7.3
6.2
2.4
1.1
17.8

1991–92†
Chicago
82
82
38.6
.506
.200
.760
7.7
7.0
1.9
1.1
21.0

1992–93†
Chicago
81
81
38.6
.473
.237
.663
7.7
6.3
2.1
0.9
18.6

1993–94
Chicago
72
72
38.3
.491
.320
.660
8.7
5.6
2.9
0.8
22.0

1994–95
Chicago
79
79
38.2
.480
.345
.716
8.1
5.2
2.9
1.1
21.4

1995–96†
Chicago
77
77
36.7
.463
.374
.679
6.4
5.9
1.7
0.7
19.4

1996–97†
Chicago
82
82
37.7
.474
.368
.701
6.5
5.7
1.9
0.6
20.2

1997–98†
Chicago
44
44
37.5
.447
.318
.777
5.2
5.8
1.8
1.0
19.1

1998–99
Houston
50
50
40.2
.432
.340
.721
6.5
5.9
2.0
0.7
14.5

1999–00
Portland
82
82
33.5
.451
.327
.717
6.3
5.0
1.4
0.5
12.5

2000–01
Portland
64
60
33.3
.451
.344
.739
5.2
4.6
1.5
0.6
11.3

2001–02
Portland
62
60
32.2
.411
.305
.774
5.2
5.9
1.6
0.6
10.6

2002–03
Portland
64
58
29.9
.444
.286
.818
4.3
4.5
1.6
0.4
10.8

2003–04
Chicago
23
6
17.9
.379
.271
.630
3.0
2.2
0.9
0.4
5.9

Career
1,178
1,053
34.9
.473
.326
.704
6.4
5.2
2.0
0.8
16.1

All-Star
7
6
24.7
.442
.318
.625
5.6
2.4
2.4
0.9
12.1

text: Playoffs[edit]

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

1988
Chicago
10
6
29.4
.465
.500
.714
5.2
2.4
0.8
0.8
10.0

1989
Chicago
17
17
36.4
.462
.393
.640
7.6
3.9
1.4
0.9
13.1

1990
Chicago
15
14
40.8
.495
.323
.710
7.2
5.5
2.1
1.3
19.3

1991†
Chicago
17
17
41.4
.504
.235
.792
8.9
5.8
2.5
1.1
21.6

1992†
Chicago
22
22
40.9
.468
.250
.761
8.8
6.7
1.9
1.1
19.5

1993†
Chicago
19
19
41.5
.465
.176
.638
6.9
5.6
2.2
0.7
20.1

1994
Chicago
10
10
38.4
.434
.267
.885
8.3
4.6
2.4
0.7
28.8

1995
Chicago
10
10
39.6
.443
.368
.676
8.6
5.8
1.4
1.0
17.8

1996†
Chicago
18
18
41.2
.390
.286
.638
8.5
5.9
2.6
0.9
16.9

1997†
Chicago
19
19
39.6
.417
.345
.791
6.8
3.8
1.5
0.9
19.2

1998†
Chicago
21
21
39.8
.415
.228
.679
7.1
5.2
2.1
1.0
16.8

1999
Houston
4
4
43.0
.329
.273
.808
11.8
5.5
1.8
0.8
18.3

2000
Portland
16
16
38.4
.419
.300
.743
7.1
4.3
2.0
0.4
14.9

2001
Portland
3
3
39.0
.421
.176
.667
5.7
2.3
2.7
0.7
13.7

2002
Portland
3
3
33.0
.409
.545
.875
9.3
5.7
1.3
0.7
16.3

2003
Portland
4
1
18.8
.409
.333
1.000
2.8
3.3
0.0
0.0
5.8

Career
208
200
39.0
.444
.303
.724
7.6
5.0
1.9
0.9
17.5

text: Salaries[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Salary

1987–88
Chicago
$723,000

1988–89
Chicago
$575,000

1989–90
Chicago
$765,000

1990–91
Chicago
$765,000

1991–92
Chicago
$2,770,000

1992–93
Chicago
$3,425,000

1993–94
Chicago
$3,075,000

1994–95
Chicago
$2,225,000

1995–96
Chicago
$2,925,000

1996–97
Chicago
$2,250,000

1997–98
Chicago
$2,775,000

1998–99
Houston
$11,000,000

1999–2000
Portland
$14,795,642

2000–01
Portland
$13,750,000

2001–02
Portland
$18,083,564

2002–03
Portland
$19,727,524

2003–04
Chicago
$4,917,000

2004–05
Chicago
$5,408,700

text: Total (may be incomplete): $109,192,430[2]

text: Career achievements[edit]

text: Career highs[edit]

text:
Stat
High
Opponent
Date

Points
47
vs. Denver Nuggets
000000001997-02-18-0000February 18, 1997

Field goal percentage
16–17 (.941)
vs. Charlotte Hornets
000000001991-02-23-0000February 23, 1991

Field goals made
19
vs. Denver Nuggets
000000001997-02-18-0000February 18, 1997

Field goal attempts (Playoffs)
35 (3 OT)
vs. Phoenix Suns
000000001993-06-13-0000June 13, 1993

Free throws made, none missed
11–11
vs. Detroit Pistons
000000001998-03-31-0000March 31, 1998

Free throws made
13
at Los Angeles Clippers
000000001999-04-23-0000April 23, 1999

Free throw attempts
21
at Charlotte Hornets
000000001993-11-05-0000November 5, 1993

3-point field goals made (Playoffs)
7
at Utah Jazz
000000001997-06-06-0000June 6, 1997

3-point field goal attempts
13
at Toronto Raptors
000000001996-12-08-0000December 8, 1996

Rebounds
18
at New York Knicks
000000001992-03-31-0000March 31, 1992

Rebounds (Playoffs)
18
at Miami Heat
000000001996-05-01-0000May 1, 1996

Offensive rebounds (Playoffs)
9
vs. Los Angeles Lakers
000000001999-05-15-0000May 15, 1999

Defensive rebounds
16 (OT)
vs. New York Knicks
000000001994-12-25-0000December 25, 1994

Assists
15
vs. Indiana Pacers
000000001990-11-30-0000November 30, 1990

Assists
15
vs. Washington Wizards
000000002002-03-16-0000March 16, 2002

Steals
9
vs. Atlanta Hawks
000000001994-03-08-0000March 8, 1994

Turnovers
12 (OT)
at New Jersey Nets
000000001990-02-25-0000February 25, 1990

Turnovers
12
at Houston Rockets
000000001996-01-30-0000January 30, 1996

Minutes played (Playoffs)
56 (3 OT)
vs. Phoenix Suns
000000001993-06-13-0000June 13, 1993

text: Achievements[edit]

text:
21 career triple-doubles (17 regular season, 4 playoffs)
Led the league in steals (232) and steals per game (2.94) in 1994–95.
His 10 NBA All-Defensive honors and 8 NBA All-Defensive First Team honors are one shy of the NBA record.
Six-time NBA Champion

text:
Member of the Olympic gold medal winning USA Men's National Basketball Teams in 1992 ("Dream Team I", Barcelona, Spain) and 1996 ("Dream Team III", Atlanta, USA)
Selected in 1996 as one of the "50 Greatest Players in NBA History"
Elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010. The 1992 Olympic Basketball "Dream Team", of which he was a member, was also elected to the Hall of Fame in 2010.
Pippen is one of two NBA players known to have recorded 5 steals and 5 blocks in a playoff game, which he did against the Detroit Pistons on May 19, 1991. Hakeem Olajuwon performed the feat twice.

text: NBA records[edit]

text: Set with Michael Jordan[edit]

text: Ninth pair of teammates in NBA history to score 40 or more points in the same game: Chicago Bulls (110) at Indiana Pacers (102), 000000001996-02-18-0000February 18, 1996

text:
Pippen: 40 points, 10 rebounds, 2 assists, 5 steals in 44 minutes
Jordan: 44 points, 5 rebounds, 7 assists, 3 steals, 2 blocks in 42 minutes

text: One of at least two pairs of teammates in NBA history to record triple-doubles in the same game: Chicago Bulls (126) vs. Los Angeles Clippers (121), 000000001989-01-03-0000January 3, 1989 (OT)

text:
Pippen: 15 points, 10 rebounds, 12 assists (and 2 steals) in 42 minutes
Jordan: 41 points, 10 rebounds, 11 assists (and 6 steals) in 47 minutes
Jason Kidd and Vince Carter achieved this feat as well on 000000002007-04-07-0000April 7, 2007

text: Playoffs[edit]

text: Steals, career: 395

text: Steals, quarter: 4, third quarter, vs. Milwaukee Bucks, 000000001990-04-29-0000April 29, 1990

text: Tied with many other players

text: Other records[edit]

text: One of three players in NBA history to record 200 steals and 100 blocked shots in a season: 211 steals, 101 blocks (1989–90)

text: Michael Jordan (1986–87, 1987–88) and Hakeem Olajuwon (1988–89) are the only other players to do so.

text: Second player in NBA history to lead his team in all 5 major statistics: 1,692 points, 639 rebounds, 409 assists, 232 steals and 89 blocks (1994–95)

text: Dave Cowens (Boston Celtics, 1977–78), Kevin Garnett (Minnesota Timberwolves, 2002–03), LeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers, 2008–09) and Giannis Antetokounmpo (Milwaukee Bucks, 2016–17) are the only other players to do so.

text: Only player in history to win an NBA championship and Olympic gold medal in the same year twice (1992 and 1996)

text: Chicago Bulls franchise records[edit]

text: Note: Pippen is second in most career totals for the Bulls, both in the regular season and playoffs, trailing only Michael Jordan.

text: Regular season[edit]

text: Highest field goal percentage, game: .941 (16–17), vs. Charlotte Hornets, 000000001991-02-23-0000February 23, 1991

text: Three-point field goal attempts, career: 2,031

text: Personal fouls, career: 2,534

text:
Turnovers, game: 12, twice
12, at New Jersey Nets, 000000001990-02-25-0000February 25, 1990 (OT)
12, at Houston Rockets, 000000001996-01-30-0000January 30, 1996

text: Playoffs[edit]

text: Three-point field goals made, career: 161

text: Three-point field goals made, game: 7, at Utah Jazz, 000000001997-06-06-0000June 6, 1997

text: Three-point field goals made, quarter: 4, second quarter, at Utah Jazz, 000000001997-06-06-0000June 6, 1997

text: Three-point field goals made, overtime: 1, at New York Knicks, 000000001996-05-11-0000May 11, 1996

text: Three-point field goal attempts, career: 531

text: Three-point field goal attempts, overtime: 3, at New York Knicks, 000000001996-05-11-0000May 11, 1996

text: Rebounds, career: 1,366

text: Rebounds, overtime: 3, vs. New Jersey Nets, 000000001998-04-24-0000April 24, 1998

text: Offensive rebounds, overtime: 2, vs. Cleveland Cavaliers, 000000001989-05-05-0000May 5, 1989

text: Tied with Derrick Rose

text: Defensive rebounds, overtime: 2, vs. New Jersey Nets, 000000001998-04-24-0000April 24, 1998

text: Tied with other players

text: Assists, overtime: 2, at New York Knicks, 000000001989-05-09-0000May 9, 1989

text: Tied with Derrick Rose

text: Tied with Horace Grant

text: Blocked shots, career: 171


document_title: Chisum

question_text: where was the john wayne movie chisum filmed

root

text: Chisum

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: John Chisum (John Wayne), a virtuous, patriarchal land baron, locks horns with greedy Lawrence Murphy (Forrest Tucker), who will stop at nothing to get control of the trade and even the law in Lincoln County, New Mexico Territory.

tag: p

text: Chisum is an aging rancher with an eventful past and a paternalistic nature towards his companions and community. Murphy, a malevolent land developer, plans to take control of the county for his own personal gain.

text: The story begins with Murphy's men tipping off Mexican rustlers who plan to steal Chisum's horses. Chisum and his sidekick Pepper (Ben Johnson) stop the bandits with help from a newcomer to the area, William H. Bonney (Geoffrey Deuel), also known as "Billy the Kid". A notorious killer, Billy has been given a chance to reform by Chisum's philanthropic Britisher neighbor, rancher Henry Tunstall (Patric Knowles). Billy also falls for Chisum's newly arrived niece, Sallie (Pamela McMyler).

text: Murphy is buying up all the stores in town and using his monopoly to push up the prices. He appoints his own county sheriff and deputies. He also brings in a lawyer, Alexander McSween (Andrew Prine), whose principles lead him to switch sides and seek work with Chisum and Tunstall. The two ranchers set up their own bank and general store in town under McSween's control.

text: Chisum's land and cattle remain targets. Murphy's men attempt to steal Chisum's cattle before he can sell them to the United States Army. Chisum's ranch hands are warned by Pat Garrett (Glenn Corbett), a passing buffalo hunter. Garrett agrees to help Chisum and soon befriends Bonney. Together they foil an attack by Murphy's men on the wagons bringing in provisions for the new store.

text: Fed up with Murphy's underhanded activities, British rancher Henry Tunstall rides off to Santa Fe to seek the intervention of Territorial Gov. Sam Axtell (Alan Baxter). On the way he is intercepted by Murphy's deputies, who falsely accuse him of cattle rustling and shoot him dead. Chisum and Garrett hunt down the deputies and bring them back to town for trial. Bonney, seeking revenge for the murder of his mentor and skeptical that the men will truly face justice in town, overpowers Garrett by surprise and shoots dead both deputies. Before corrupt Sheriff Brady (Bruce Cabot) can organise a posse, Billy rides into town and kills him, too.

text: Murphy appoints bounty hunter Dan Nodeen (Christopher George) as the new sheriff, giving him orders to hunt down Bonney. Nodeen has a score to settle, as a previous encounter with Bonney has left him with a permanent limp.

text: Billy's plans for revenge are only just beginning. He breaks into McSween's store looking for dynamite to rob Murphy's bank. He is spotted by Nodeen, who surrounds the store with Murphys's men. McSween's wife is allowed to leave. McSween later comes out unarmed but Nodeen shoots him in cold blood.

text: Chisum is alerted by McSween's wife (Lynda Day George) and rides into town with his ranch hands. The main street is blocked, so Chisum stampedes his cattle through the barricades. He tracks down Murphy and takes him on in a fist fight which ends with both men falling from a balcony. Murphy ends up impaled on steer horns. With his paymaster dead, Nodeen flees, with Billy in pursuit.

text: The film ends with Garrett taking over as sheriff and it is implied that is settling down with Sallie. It is learned that famous U.S. Army General Lew Wallace has become governor of the territory. With law and order restored, Chisum can resume his iconic vigil over the Pecos valley.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Wayne as John Chisum
Forrest Tucker as Lawrence Murphy
Ben Johnson as James Pepper
Patric Knowles as Henry Tunstall
Geoffrey Deuel as Billy The Kid
Pamela McMyler as Sallie Chisum
Glenn Corbett as Pat Garrett
Andrew Prine as Alexander McSween
Christopher George as Dan Nodeen
Bruce Cabot as Sheriff Brady
Richard Jaeckel as Jesse Evans
Lynda Day as Sue McSween
Robert Donner as Morton
John Mitchum as Baker
John Agar as Amos Patton
Ron Soble as Charlie Bowdre
Christopher Mitchum as Tom O'Folliard
Abraham Sofaer as Chief White Buffalo
Gregg Palmer as Riker
John M. Pickard as Braddock

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Michael A. Wayne, executive producer, took on the project of making Chisum because he felt the story summed up well his father's political views. The sizeable cast is packed with familiar faces from earlier John Wayne films, as well as friends such as Forrest Tucker.

text: It was filmed in 1969 in Durango, Mexico.[4][5] The picturesque vistas of the area were captured by cinematographer William H. Clothier.

text: The film was originally made for 20th Century Fox, but they sold the film to Warner Bros.[6]

text: John Wayne was on the set of Chisum when he heard of his nomination for an Academy Award in 1970 for True Grit.

text: The song "The Ballad of John Chisum" was narrated by William Conrad, the song "Turn Me Around" was sung by Merle Haggard.

text: During filming, John Mitchum, brother of Robert, introduced John Wayne to his patriotic poetry. Seeing that Wayne was greatly moved by those words, Forrest Tucker suggested that the two collaborate to record some of the poetry, which resulted in a Grammy-nominated spoken-word album, America: Why I Love Her.

text: Chisum re-united several actors from Sands of Iwo Jima including John Wayne, John Agar, Forrest Tucker and Richard Jaeckel.

text: Box office and reception[edit]

text: Released in June 1970, the film grossed $6 million at the box office.[3]

text: U.S. President Richard Nixon commented on the film during a press conference in Denver, Colorado, on 3 August 1970. In doing so, he used the film as a context to explain his views on law and order:[7]

text: Over the last weekend I saw a movie–I don't see too many movies but I try to see them on weekends when I am at the Western White House or in Florida–and the movie that I selected, or, as a matter of fact, my daughter Tricia selected it, was "Chisum" with John Wayne. It was a western. And as I looked at that movie, I said, "Well, it was a very good western, John Wayne is a very fine actor and it was: a fine supporting cast. But it was just basically another western, far better than average movies, better than average westerns."

text: I wondered why it is that the western survives year after year after year. A good western will outdraw some of the other subjects. Perhaps one of the reasons, in addition to the excitement, the gun play, and the rest, which perhaps is part of it but they can get that in other kinds of movies but one of the reasons is, perhaps, and this may be a square observation–is that the good guys come out ahead in the westerns; the bad guys lose.

text: In the end, as this movie particularly pointed out, even in the old West, the time before New Mexico was a State, there was a time when there was no law. But the law eventually came, and the law was important from the standpoint of not only prosecuting the guilty, but also seeing that those who were guilty had a proper trial.

text: Andrew McLaglen called the film one of his favourites. "I wanted Billy the Kid to just be Billy the Kid, a human being, not a bad little boy. Fenady was sort of a scholar about the Lincoln County Cattle War, which was a conflict over water and cattle—trading cattle—and John Chisum actually became a very powerful landowner. It was an American story."[8]

text: Warner Home Video released Chisum for the first time on Blu-ray on June 7, 2016.


document_title: Dry Tortugas National Park

question_text: when did dry tortugas become a national park

text: Dry Tortugas National Park

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Dry Tortugas is a small archipelago of coral islands about 70 miles (110 km) west of Key West, Florida. They represent the westernmost extent of the Florida Keys, though several reefs and submarine banks continue westward outside the park, beyond the Tortugas. The park area is more than 99 percent water. The seven major islands, all within the park, are, roughly from west to east, Loggerhead Key, Garden Key, Bush Key, Long Key, Hospital Key, Middle Key and East Key.[6] The park is bordered on the east, south and west by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and on the northwest by the Tortugas Ecological Reserve.[7] The total land area within the park is 104 acres (42 ha). The park is in a tropical maritime climate, with rainy seasons coinciding with hurricane season from May to October, and a drier season from November through April. The area is heavily influenced by frequent hurricanes and tropical storms. Even with exposure to tropical systems the Tortugas are among the driest places in Florida, with an annual precipitation of about 49 inches (120 cm). There is little temperature variation, with high temperatures in summer around 90 °F (32 °C) and low temperatures in winter around 66 °F (19 °C).[8]

text: The northern and western portions of the park, including the central island group, were designated a 46-square-mile (120 km2) "research natural area" on January 19, 2007, in which no marine life may be taken, nor may vessels anchor. Vessels wishing to moor in the research natural area must use designated mooring buoys or docks. About 54 percent of the park remains open for fishing.[9]

text: Visiting the park by private boat is difficult because of its distance, so most visitors come by ferry or seaplane from Key West. Official ferry and transportation services to the Dry Tortugas includes the Yankee Freedom III catamaran and seaplane services.[10]

text: Geology[edit]

text: The Dry Tortugas are the western extension of an arcuate chain of Pleistocene reef and oolitic limestone islands, with the eastern limit in the vicinity of Miami. These Florida Keys are the surface expression of the 6 km thick southern Florida carbonate platform, which has been accumulating sediments since the Early Cretaceous. Two stratigraphic units are exposed at the surface, the Key Largo Limestone and the Miami Limestone. The Key Largo Limestone are reefs up to 60 m thick, parallel to the shelf edge, consisting of hermatypic corals and calcarenites. The Miami Limestone is less than 15 m thick, and in general, is found behind the Key Largo Limestone reef, but overlies it in the western extent of the keys. It consists of a bryozoan facies and an oolitic facies and represents a subtidal shoal. Additionally, excellent examples of Holocene carbonate-sand deposits are found in the Dry Tortugas, consisting mainly of disarticulated Halimeda plates. Between the Dry Tortugas and Key West is a 12 m thick example of these sand deposits, known as "the quicksands".[11]

text: Climate[edit]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Dry Tortugas, 1981-2010 normals, extremes 1950-present

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
89
(32)
92
(33)
93
(34)
94
(34)
96
(36)
99
(37)
98
(37)
101
(38)
98
(37)
95
(35)
90
(32)
88
(31)
101
(38)

Average high °F (°C)
73.6
(23.1)
74.8
(23.8)
77.9
(25.5)
81.4
(27.4)
86.0
(30)
90.0
(32.2)
91.1
(32.8)
91.7
(33.2)
89.7
(32.1)
84.7
(29.3)
79.1
(26.2)
75.5
(24.2)
83.0
(28.3)

Average low °F (°C)
63.8
(17.7)
64.4
(18)
66.8
(19.3)
70.1
(21.2)
74.0
(23.3)
76.5
(24.7)
78.3
(25.7)
77.8
(25.4)
77.2
(25.1)
74.9
(23.8)
70.7
(21.5)
66.1
(18.9)
71.7
(22.1)

Record low °F (°C)
46
(8)
40
(4)
47
(8)
56
(13)
55
(13)
64
(18)
64
(18)
65
(18)
66
(19)
59
(15)
51
(11)
48
(9)
40
(4)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
2.61
(66.3)
2.11
(53.6)
2.54
(64.5)
2.00
(50.8)
1.57
(39.9)
3.41
(86.6)
2.90
(73.7)
4.26
(108.2)
6.63
(168.4)
3.88
(98.6)
2.02
(51.3)
2.49
(63.2)
36.42
(925.1)

Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)
6.4
5.6
5.5
3.7
4.3
8.3
9.4
11.3
13.3
8.7
5.4
5.9
87.8

Source: [1]

tag: table

text: History[edit]

text: The first European to see the Dry Tortugas was Juan Ponce de León, who visited on June 21, 1513. Ponce de León caught 160 sea turtles there and subsequently referred to the islands as the "Tortugas" (turtles). They are called Dry owing to the absence of surface fresh water on the island. The archipelago includes a high concentration of historically significant shipwrecks dating from the 17th century to the present.[12] The Dry Tortugas were a significant American naval base from colonial times to the early 20th century, providing a sheltered anchorage and coaling station through the Spanish–American War.[13]

text: Florida was acquired from Spain by the United States in 1822. The Dry Tortugas were seen as a strategic point for the control of the Florida Straits and the Gulf of Mexico. Work on a lighthouse on Garden Key started in 1825. Planning for a fortification began almost immediately, and construction started in 1847. In 1856 work on a new, more powerful lighthouse on Loggerhead Key was started to replace the Garden Key light.[13]

text: Work was half complete in 1860. Construction continued into the American Civil War, but eventually stopped, and the fort was used as a military prison. It was here that Dr. Samuel Mudd and three others charged with conspiracy in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln were imprisoned.[14] Mudd was pardoned in 1869 after averting a viral outbreak. This use as a military prison continued until 1874.[13] With the introduction of coal-fueled ships, the Dry Tortugas became a coaling station for U.S. Navy ships.

text: Fort Jefferson[edit]

text: Fort Jefferson is a massive but unfinished coastal fortress. It is the largest masonry structure in the Western Hemisphere,[3][4] and is composed of more than 16 million bricks.

text: Park history[edit]

text: Comprising 47,125 acres (19,071 ha), Fort Jefferson National Monument was designated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt under the Antiquities Act on January 4, 1935. The monument was expanded in 1983 and redesignated as Dry Tortugas National Park on October 26, 1992, by an act of Congress.[15][16] Dry Tortugas is managed by the staff of Everglades National Park.[17] The park was established to protect the island and marine ecosystems of the Dry Tortugas, to preserve Fort Jefferson and submerged cultural resources such as shipwrecks, and to allow for public access in a regulated manner.[12]

text: During the Federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996, Dry Tortugas was closed along with all other national parks. Seeing this as having a damaging effect on their tourism-dependent economy, the residents of Key West, Florida, raised money to keep Dry Tortugas open. The effort was inspired by the Smithsonian Institution, which raised private donations to keep its museums open during the shutdown.

text: Failing to find anybody to accept the money to reopen the park, Key West residents, under the auspices of the satirical micronation Conch Republic, sent a flotilla of civilian boats and fire department boats to Fort Jefferson in order to reopen the national park. When officials attempted to enter the fort, they were cited. The citation was contested in court the following year, and the resultant case, The United States of America v. Peter Anderson, was quickly dropped.

text: The park is a landing location for immigrants arriving from Cuba in homebuilt boats called "chugs." Receiving and housing the migrants is a particular problem for Dry Tortugas, which has limited resources for such arrivals and which is several hours from the nearest Coast Guard or Border Patrol units. Communications with Key West are accomplished using a satellite-based voice-over-IP system, which is prone to garbling and delays, and by a radio relay system using an abandoned Air Force tower between Key West and the Dry Tortugas.[17]

text: Visitation steadily rose for several decades, reaching a peak of 83,704 in 2000. Since then visitation has slowly declined, with an average of about 63,000 per year in the period from 2007 to 2016.[2]

text: Ecology[edit]

text: The Dry Tortugas archipelago is classified as a borderline subtropical—tropical ecosystem, hosting species that do not normally breed in, and are not commonly found anywhere else within, the continental United States or the islands and waters surrounding it.

text: When a cold front along Florida wiped out 96 percent of branching coral in 1976-77, once extensive branching coral formations became rubble fields.[18] The Dry Tortugas National Park now consists of patch reef and branching coral rubble.[18][19]

text: Birds[edit]

text: Dry Tortugas National Park has an official bird list of 299 species. Of these, only eight species frequently nest within the park: sooty tern, brown noddy, brown pelican, magnificent frigatebird, masked booby, roseate tern, bridled tern and mourning dove.[20] The park features the only nesting colonies of sooty tern, brown noddy, magnificent frigatebird, and masked booby in the contiguous United States.[8]

text: Birdwatching activity peaks each spring (usually April) when dozens of migratory bird species can pass through the park in a single day. Many birds land inside the parade grounds of Fort Jefferson where they are often observed at close range. Common migratory warblers include the northern parula, American redstart, prairie warbler, hooded warbler, palm warbler, black-and-white warbler, common yellowthroat, yellow-rumped warbler, ovenbird, northern waterthrush, black-throated blue warbler, blackpoll warbler, and Cape May warbler, with more than 20 additional warbler species having shown up at least once. Several raptor species as well as cattle egrets are often seen hunting songbirds. Until early 2013 a small freshwater fountain existed beneath several seaside mahoe and buttonwood trees, and was the only freshwater source for many miles. Maintenance issues necessitated its removal, but a replacement water barrel is scheduled for installation in the fall of 2013. Each year several bird guides offer tours of Dry Tortugas National Park during April and early May when daily bird lists can often reach 100 or more species.

text: Invasive species and eradication efforts[edit]

text: An active eradication program has resulted in the removal of invasive Casuarina trees and agave from Loggerhead Key, by cutting and herbicide treatment. Pterois, commonly known as lionfish, have also been found in the park's waters and the National Park Service was reviewing (in 2015) the lionfish management plan to determine what actions to take to manage the spread of this invasive species in Dry Tortugas National Park and Everglades National Park.[21]


document_title: Acral necrosis

question_text: acral gangrene is a complication of which disease

text: Acral necrosis

text: This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (November 2017)

text: Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities ("acral"), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name "Black Death," associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of "black", that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.[1][2]

text: Clotting and bleeding beneath the skin cause an area of hemorrhage, the presence of red blood cells lying outside of capillaries, into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In isolation, this is called an ecchymosis or bruise and may be the result of injury or illness. However, acral necrosis occurs when blood supply is disrupted for prolonged periods, blackening and damaging the affected area and surrounding tissue. With appropriate medical treatment, areas with acral necrosis may be successfully restored to function and lead a normal life. Untreated cases can lead to death.[citation needed]


document_title: History of the periodic table

question_text: who organized elements into four groups based on properties

text: History of the periodic table

text: Ancient times[edit]

text: A number of physical elements (such as platinum, tin and zinc) have been known from antiquity, as they are found in their native form and are relatively simple to mine with primitive tools.[3] Around 330 BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that everything is made up of a mixture of one or more roots, an idea that had originally been suggested by the Sicilian philosopher Empedocles. The four roots, which were later renamed as elements by Plato, were earth, water, air and fire. Similar ideas about these four elements also existed in other ancient traditions, such as Indian philosophy. While Aristotle and Plato understood the concept of an element, their ideas did nothing to advance the understanding of the nature of matter.

text: Hennig Brand[edit]

text: The history of the periodic table is also a history of the discovery of the chemical elements. The first person in history to discover a new element was Hennig Brand, a bankrupt German merchant. Brand tried to discover the Philosopher's Stone — a mythical object that was supposed to turn inexpensive base metals into gold. In 1649, his experiments with distilled human urine resulted in the production of a glowing white substance, which he named phosphorus.[4] He kept his discovery secret until 1680, when Robert Boyle rediscovered phosphorus and published his findings. The discovery of phosphorus helped to raise the question of what it meant for a substance to be an element.

text: In 1661, Boyle defined an element as "a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction". This simple definition served for three centuries and lasted until the discovery of subatomic particles.

text: Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier[edit]

text: Lavoisier's Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), which was written in 1789 and first translated into English by the writer Robert Kerr, is considered to be the first modern textbook about chemistry. It contained a list of "simple substances" that Lavoisier believed could not be broken down further, which included oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, mercury, zinc and sulfur, which formed the basis for the modern list of elements. Lavoisier's list also included 'light' and 'caloric', which at the time were believed to be material substances. He has classified these substances into metals and non metals. While many leading chemists refused to believe Lavoisier's new revelations, the Elementary Treatise was written well enough to convince the younger generation. However, Lavoisier's descriptions of his elements lack completeness, as he only classified them as metals and non-metals.

text: 19th century[edit]

text: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner[edit]

text: In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner began to formulate one of the earliest attempts to classify the elements. In 1829, he found that he could form some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each group having related properties. He termed these groups triads.

text: Definition of Triad law:-"Chemically analogous elements arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights formed well marked groups of three called Triads in which the atomic weight of the middle element was found to be generally the arithmetic mean of the atomic weight of the other two elements in the triad.

text:
chlorine, bromine, and iodine
calcium, strontium, and barium
sulfur, selenium, and tellurium
lithium, sodium, and potassium

tag: ol

text: Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois[edit]

text: Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements — similar elements occurring at regular intervals when they are ordered by their atomic weights. In 1862 he devised an early form of periodic table, which he named Vis tellurique (the 'telluric helix'), after the element tellurium, which fell near the center of his diagram.[5] With the elements arranged in a spiral on a cylinder by order of increasing atomic weight, de Chancourtois saw that elements with similar properties lined up vertically. His 1863 publication included a chart (which contained ions and compounds, in addition to elements), but his original paper in the Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences used geological rather than chemical terms and did not include a diagram. As a result, de Chancourtois' ideas received little attention until after the work of Dmitri Mendeleev had been publicised.[6]

text: John Newlands[edit]

text: In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties.[7][8]

text: Newlands noted that many pairs of similar elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and was the first to assign them an atomic number.[1] When his 'law of octaves' was printed in Chemistry News, likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the Chemistry Society on 1 March 1866 was not published, the Society defending their decision by saying that such 'theoretical' topics might be controversial[citation needed].

text: The importance of Newlands' analysis was eventually recognised by the Chemistry Society with a Gold Medal five years after they recognised Mendeleev's work. It was not until the following century, with Gilbert N. Lewis' valence bond theory (1916) and Irving Langmuir's octet theory of chemical bonding (1919), that the importance of the periodicity of eight would be accepted.[9][10] The Royal Chemistry Society acknowledged Newlands' contribution to science in 2008, when they put a Blue Plaque on the house where he was born, which described him as the "discoverer of the Periodic Law for the chemical elements".[1]

text: He contributed the word 'periodic' in chemistry.

text: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev[edit]

text: The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to make a periodic table similar to the one used today.[citation needed] Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to relative molar mass. It is sometimes said that he played 'chemical solitaire' on long train journeys, using cards with various facts about the known elements.[11] On March 6, 1869, a formal presentation was made to the Russian Chemical Society, entitled The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements. In 1869, the table was published in an obscure Russian journal and then republished in a German journal, Zeitschrift für Chemie.[12] In it, Mendeleev stated that:

text:
The elements, if arranged according to their atomic mass, exhibit an apparent periodicity of properties.
Elements which are similar as regards to their chemical properties have atomic weights which are either of nearly the same value (e.g., Pt, Ir, Os) or which increase regularly (e.g., K, Rb, Cs).
The arrangement of the elements, or of groups of elements in the order of their atomic masses, corresponds to their so-called valencies, as well as, to some extent, to their distinctive chemical properties; as is apparent among other series in that of Li, Be, B, C, N, O, and F.
The elements which are the most widely diffused have small atomic weights.
The magnitude of the atomic weight determines the character of the element, just as the magnitude of the molecule determines the character of a compound body.
We must expect the discovery of many yet unknown elements – for example, elements analogous to aluminium and silicon – whose atomic weight would be between 65 and 75.
The atomic weight of an element may sometimes be amended by a knowledge of those of its contiguous elements. Thus the atomic weight of tellurium must lie between 123 and 126, and cannot be 128.
Certain characteristic properties of elements can be foretold from their atomic masses.

text: Scientific benefits of Mendeleev's table

text:
It enabled Mendeleev to predict the discovery of new elements and left spaces for them, namely eka-silicon (germanium), eka-aluminium (gallium), and eka-boron (scandium). Thus, there was no disturbance in the periodic table.
It could be used by Mendeleev to point out that some of the atomic weights being used at the time were incorrect.
It provided for variance from atomic weight order.

text: Shortcomings of Mendeleev's table

text:
The table was not able to predict the existence of the noble gases, but did, however, leave spaces for yet to be discovered elements to slot into. Time proved this audacious calculation correct. However, when this entire family of elements was discovered, Sir William Ramsay was able to add them to the table as Group 0, without the basic concept of the periodic table being disturbed.
A single position could not be assigned to hydrogen, which could be placed either in the alkali metals group, the halogens group or separately above the table between boron and carbon.[13]

text: Lothar Meyer[edit]

text: Unknown to Mendeleev, a German chemist, Lothar Meyer, was also working on a periodic table. Although his work was published in 1864, and was done independently of Mendeleev, few historians regard him as an equal co-creator of the periodic table. Meyer's table only included twenty-eight elements, which were not classified by atomic weight, but by valence, and he never reached the idea of predicting new elements and correcting atomic weights. A few months after Mendeleev published his periodic table of the known elements, predicted new elements to help complete his table and corrected the atomic weights of some of the elements, Meyer published a virtually identical periodic table.

text: Meyer and Mendeleev are considered by some historians of science to be the co-creators of the periodic table, but Mendeleev's accurate prediction of the qualities of undiscovered elements enables him to have the larger share of the credit.

text: William Odling[edit]

text: In 1864, the English chemist William Odling also drew up a table that was remarkably similar to the table produced by Mendeleev. Odling overcame the tellurium-iodine problem and even managed to get thallium, lead, mercury and platinum into the right groups, which is something that Mendeleev failed to do at his first attempt. Odling failed to achieve recognition, however, since it is suspected[by whom?] that he, as Secretary of the Chemical Society of London, was instrumental in discrediting Newlands' earlier work on the periodic table.

text: 20th century[edit]

text: Henry Moseley[edit]

text: In 1914, a year before he was killed in action at Gallipoli, the English physicist Henry Moseley found a relationship between the X-ray wavelength of an element and its atomic number. He was then able to re-sequence the periodic table by nuclear charge, rather than by atomic weight. Before this discovery, atomic numbers were sequential numbers based on an element's atomic weight. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers were in fact based upon experimental measurements.

text: Using information about their X-ray wavelengths, Moseley placed argon (with an atomic number Z=18) before potassium (Z=19), despite the fact that argon's atomic weight of 39.9 is greater than the atomic weight of potassium (39.1). The new order was in agreement with the chemical properties of these elements, since argon is a noble gas and potassium is an alkali metal. Similarly, Moseley placed cobalt before nickel and was able to explain that tellurium occurs before iodine, without revising the experimental atomic weight of tellurium, as had been proposed by Mendeleev.

text: Moseley's research showed that there were gaps in the periodic table at atomic numbers 43 and 61, which are now known to be occupied by technetium and promethium respectively.

text: Glenn T. Seaborg[edit]

text: During his Manhattan Project research in 1943, Glenn T. Seaborg experienced unexpected difficulties in isolating the elements americium and curium. Seaborg wondered if these elements belonged to a different series, which would explain why their chemical properties were different from what was expected. In 1945, against the advice of colleagues, he proposed a significant change to Mendeleev's table: the actinide series.

text: Seaborg's actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure, predicting that the actinides form a transition series analogous to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements, is now well accepted and included in the periodic table. The actinide series is the second row of the f-block (5f series). In both the actinide and lanthanide series, an inner electron shell is being filled. The actinide series comprises the elements from actinium to lawrencium. Seaborg's subsequent elaborations of the actinide concept theorized a series of superheavy elements in a transactinide series comprising elements from 104 to 121 and a superactinide series of elements from 122 to 153.