document_title: Left- and right-hand traffic

question_text: when did nigeria changed to right hand drive

text: Left- and right-hand traffic

text: History[edit]

text: Ancient Greek, Egyptian, and Roman troops kept to the left when marching.[7] In 1998, archaeologists found a well-preserved double track leading to a Roman quarry near Swindon, in southern England. The grooves in the road on the left side (viewed facing down the track away from the quarry) were much deeper than those on the right side, suggesting LHT, at least at this location, since carts would exit the quarry heavily loaded, and enter it empty.[8]

text: The first reference in English law to an order for LHT was in 1756, with regard to London Bridge.[9]

text: Some historians, such as C. Northcote Parkinson, believed that ancient travellers on horseback or on foot generally kept to the left, since most people were right-handed. If two men riding on horseback were to start a fight, each would edge toward the left.[7] In the year 1300, Pope Boniface VIII directed pilgrims to keep left.[7]

text: In the late 1700s, traffic in the United States was RHT based on teamsters' use of large freight wagons pulled by several pairs of horses. The wagons had no driver's seat, so the (typically right-handed) postilion held his whip in his right hand and thus sat on the left rear horse. Seated on the left, the driver preferred that other wagons pass him on the left so that he could be sure to keep clear of the wheels of oncoming wagons.[10]

text: In France, traditionally foot traffic had kept right, while carriage traffic kept left. Following the French Revolution, all traffic kept right.[9] Following the Napoleonic Wars, the French imposed RHT on parts of Europe.[citation needed] During the colonial period, RHT was introduced by the French in New France, French West Africa, the Maghreb, French Indochina, the West Indies, French Guiana and the Réunion, among others.

text: Meanwhile, LHT was introduced by the British in parts of Canada (Atlantic Canada and British Columbia), Australia, New Zealand, the East Africa Protectorate (now Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda), British India, Rhodesia and the Cape Colony (now Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa), British Malaya (now Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore), British Guiana, and British Hong Kong. LHT was also introduced by the Portuguese Empire in Portuguese Macau, Colonial Brazil, Portuguese Timor, Portuguese Mozambique, and Portuguese Angola.

text: The first keep-right law for driving in the United States was passed in 1792 and applied to the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike.[11] New York formalized RHT in 1804, New Jersey in 1813 and Massachusetts in 1821.[12]

text: In the early 1900s some countries including Canada, Spain, and Brazil had different rules in different parts of the country. During the 1900s many countries standardised within their jurisdictions, and changed from LHT to RHT, mostly to conform with regional custom. Currently nearly all countries use one side or the other throughout their entire territory. Most exceptions are due to historical considerations and/or involve islands with no road connection to the main part of a country. China is RHT except the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau. The United States is RHT except the United States Virgin Islands.[13] The United Kingdom is LHT, but its overseas territories of Gibraltar and British Indian Ocean Territory are RHT.

text: Changing sides[edit]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Influential in Europe was the 1920 Paris Convention, which advised driving on the right-hand side of the road, in order to harmonise traffic across a continent with many borders. This was despite the fact that left-hand traffic was still widespread: in 1915 for example, LHT was introduced everywhere in the Austro-Hungarian Empire; however, three years later the Empire was split up into several countries, and they all changed eventually to RHT, notably including when Nazi Germany introduced RHT with almost immediate effect in Czechoslovakia in 1938–39.[14] [15]

text: Sweden was LHT from about 1734 to 1967,[16] despite having land borders with RHT countries, and approximately 90 percent of cars being left-hand drive (LHD) vehicles.[17] A referendum was held in 1955, with an overwhelming majority voting against a change to RHT. Nevertheless, some years later the government ordered a conversion, which took place at 5 am on Sunday, 3 September 1967. The accident rate dropped sharply after the change,[18] but soon rose back to near its original level.[19] The day was known as Dagen H ("H-Day"), the 'H' being for Högertrafik ("right traffic"). When Iceland switched the following year, it was known as H-dagurinn, again meaning "H-Day".[20]

text: In the late 1960s, the UK Department for Transport considered switching to RHT, but declared it unsafe and too costly for such a built-up nation.[21] Road building standards, for motorways in particular, allow asymmetrically designed road junctions, where merge and diverge lanes differ in length.[22]

text: Today, four countries in Europe continue to use left-hand traffic, all island nations: the UK, Cyprus, Ireland, and Malta.

text: Asia and the Pacific[edit]

text: Nationalist China adopted RHT in 1946. This convention was preserved when the CCP took the mainland and the KMT retreated to Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau continue to be LHT.

text: Both North Korea and South Korea switched to RHT in September 1945 after liberation from Japanese colonial power which was defeated by the Allies, and surrendered.

text: Myanmar switched to RHT in 1970.[23]

text: Samoa, a former German colony, had been RHT for more than a century. It switched to LHT in 2009,[24] being the first territory in almost 30 years to switch.[25] The move was legislated in 2008 to allow Samoans to use cheaper right-hand drive (RHD) vehicles--which are better suited for left-hand traffic--imported from Australia, New Zealand or Japan, and to harmonise with other South Pacific nations. A political party, The People's Party, was formed to try to protest against the change, a protest group which launched a legal challenge,[26] and an estimated 18,000 people attending demonstrations against it.[27]  The motor industry was also opposed, as 14,000 of Samoa's 18,000 vehicles are designed for RHT and the government has refused to meet the cost of conversion.[25] After months of preparation, the switch from right to left happened in an atmosphere of national celebration. There were no reported incidents.[2] At 05:50 local time, Monday 7 September, a radio announcement halted traffic, and an announcement at 6:00 ordered traffic to switch to LHT.[24] The change coincided with more restrictive enforcement of speeding and seat-belt laws.[28] That day and the following day were declared public holidays, to reduce traffic.[29] The change included a three-day ban on alcohol sales, while police mounted dozens of checkpoints, warning drivers to drive slowly.[2]

text: The Philippines was mostly LHT during its Spanish[30] and American colonial periods,[31][32] as well as during the Commonwealth era.[33] During the Japanese occupation the Philippines remained LHT,[34] also because LHT had been required by the Japanese;[35] but during the Battle of Manila the liberating American forces drove their tanks to the right for easier facilitation of movement.  RHT was formally finalised by Executive Order No. 34 signed by President Sergio Osmeña on 10 March 1945.[36]

text: Africa[edit]

text: A number of non-contiguous former British colonies in West Africa originally drove LHT and switched to RHT in the early 1970s to match the surrounding countries. Sierra Leone switched to RHT in 1971, Nigeria in 1972 and Ghana in 1974. Before this period The Gambia, a country entirely contained within RHT Senegal, had officially switched to RHT in 1965.[37]

text: Rwanda, a former Belgian colony in central Africa, is RHT but is considering switching to LHT, to bring the country in line with other members of the East African Community (EAC).[38] A survey, carried out in 2009, indicated that 54% of Rwandans were in favour of the switch. Reasons cited were the perceived lower costs of RHD vehicles as opposed to LHD versions of the same model, easier maintenance and the political benefit of harmonisation of traffic regulations with other EAC countries. The same survey also indicated that RHD cars are 16 to 49 per cent cheaper than their LHD equivalents.[39] In 2014 an internal report from consultants to the Ministry of Infrastructure recommended a switch to LHT.[40] In 2015, the ban on RHD vehicles was lifted; RHD trucks from neighbouring countries cost $1000 less than LHD models imported from Europe.[41][42]

text: Safety[edit]

text: In one study, researchers concluded that left-hand traffic may be safer for elderly drivers,[43] since humans are more commonly right-eye dominant than left-eye dominant.[44] Comparing accident statistics between countries operating either LHT or RHT, Leeming concluded that LHT is superior.[45] However, Watson has criticised the small sample size and dismisses the notion.[3]

text: Changing sides at borders[edit]

text: Although many LHT jurisdictions are on islands, there are cases where vehicles may be driven from LHT across a border into a RHT area. Such borders are mostly located in Africa and southern Asia. The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic regulates the use of foreign registered vehicles in the 74 countries that have ratified it.

text: LHT Thailand has three RHT neighbors: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar. Most of its borders use a simple traffic light to do the switch, but there are also interchanges which enable the switch while keeping up a continuous flow of traffic.[46]

text: There are four road border crossing points between Hong Kong and Mainland China. In 2006, the daily average number of vehicle trips recorded at Lok Ma Chau was 31,100.[47] The next largest is Man Kam To, where there is no changeover system and the border roads on the mainland side Wenjindu intersect as one-way streets with a main road.

text: The Takutu River Bridge (which links LHT Guyana and RHT Brazil[48]) is the only border in the Americas where traffic changes sides.

text: Although the United Kingdom is separated from Continental Europe by the English Channel, the level of cross-Channel traffic is very high; the Channel Tunnel alone carries 3.5 million vehicles per year, by rail, between the UK and France.

text: Road vehicle configurations[edit]

text: Driver seating position[edit]

text: In RHT jurisdictions, vehicles are configured with LHD, with the driver sitting on the left side. In LHT jurisdictions, the reverse is true. The driver's side, the side closest to the centre of the road, is sometimes called the offside, while the passenger side, the side closest to the side of the road, is sometimes called the nearside.[49]

text: Historically there was less consistency in the relationship of the position of the driver to the handedness of traffic. Most American cars produced before 1910 were RHD.[11] In 1908 Henry Ford standardised the Model T as LHD in RHT America,[11] arguing that with RHD and RHT, the passenger was obliged to "get out on the street side and walk around the car" and that with steering from the left, the driver "is able to see even the wheels of the other car and easily avoids danger."[50] By 1915 other manufacturers followed Ford's lead, due to the popularity of the Model T.[11]

text: In specialised cases, the driver will sit on the nearside, or curbside. Examples include:

text:
Where the driver needs a good view of the nearside, e.g. street sweepers, or vehicles driven along unstable road edges.[51]
Where it is more convenient for the driver to be on the nearside, e.g. delivery vehicles. The Grumman LLV postal delivery truck is widely used with RHD configurations in RHT North America. Some Unimogs are designed to switch between LHD and RHD to permit operators to work on the more convenient side of the truck.

text: Generally, the convention is to mount a motorcycle on the left,[52] and kickstands are usually on the left[53] which makes it more convenient to mount on the safer kerbside[53] as is the case in LHT. Some jurisdictions prohibit fitting a sidecar to a motorcycle's offside.[54][55]

text: Headlamps and other lighting equipment[edit]

text: Most low-beam headlamps produce an asymmetrical light suitable for use on only one side of the road. Low beam headlamps in LHT jurisdictions throw most of their light forward-leftward; those for RHT throw most of their light forward-rightward, thus illuminating obstacles and road signs while minimising glare for oncoming traffic.

text: In Europe, headlamps approved for use on one side of the road must be adaptable to produce adequate illumination with controlled glare for temporarily driving on the other side of the road,[56]:p.13 ¶5.8. This may be achieved by affixing masking strips or prismatic lenses to a part of the lens or by moving all or part of the headlamp optic so all or part of the beam is shifted or the asymmetrical portion is occluded.[56]:p.13 ¶5.8.1 Some varieties of the projector-type headlamp can be fully adjusted to produce a proper LHT or RHT beam by shifting a lever or other movable element in or on the lamp assembly.[56]:p.12 ¶5.4 Some vehicles adjust the headlamps automatically when the car's GPS detects that the vehicle has moved from LHT to RHT and vice versa.[citation needed]

text: Because blackout strips and adhesive prismatic lenses reduce the safety performance of the headlamps, most countries require all vehicles registered or used on a permanent or semi-permanent basis within the country to be equipped with headlamps designed for the correct traffic-handedness.[citation needed]

text: Without sidecars attached, motorcycles, motor scooters, mopeds, and bicycles are almost symmetric with their handlebars in the centre. However, motorcycles are often equipped with automotive-type asymmetrical-beam headlamps that likewise require adjustments or replacement when brought into a country with opposite traffic-handedness.[citation needed]

text: Rear fog lamps[edit]

text: In the European Union, vehicles must be equipped with one or two red rear fog lamps. A single rear fog lamp must be located between the vehicle's longitudinal centreline and the outer extent of the driver's side of the vehicle.[57]

text: Crash testing differences[edit]

text: An Australian news source reports that some RHD cars imported to that country didn't perform as well on crash tests as the LHD versions, although the cause is unknown, and may be due to differences in testing methodology.[58]

text: Worldwide distribution by country[edit]

text: Of the 194 countries currently recognised by the United Nations (and the unrecognised Palestine), 140 use RHT and 54 use LHT. A country and its territories and dependencies is counted once.

text:
Country

Road traffic

Road switched sides

Multi-track rail traffic generally

Notes

Afghanistan

RHT

RHT/LHT

Was LHT until the 1950s, in line with neighbouring British India and later Pakistan.[59]

Albania

RHT[60]

RHT

Algeria

RHT[60]

RHT

Andorra

RHT[60]

Angola

RHT[60]

1928

Antigua and Barbuda

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Argentina

RHT

1945
10 June

LHT

The anniversary on 10 June is still observed each year as Día de la Seguridad Vial (road safety day).[61]  The Premetro and Metrotranvía Mendoza use RHT.

Armenia

RHT[60]

RHT

Australia

LHT[62]

LHT/RHT

Commonwealth. Includes Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Norfolk Island

Austria

RHT

1921–1938

RHT[63]

Originally LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary. Switched sides in 1921 in Vorarlberg, 1930 in North Tyrol, 1935 in Carinthia and East Tyrol, and in 1938 in the rest of the country.

Azerbaijan

RHT[60]

RHT

Bahamas

LHT[60]

In Bahamas LHD vehicles are common due to the import of used cars from the United States.[64][65]

Bahrain

RHT

1967

Former British protectorate. Switched to same side as neighbours.[66]

Bangladesh

LHT[60]

LHT

Barbados

LHT

Belgium

RHT[60]

1899

LHT

The Brussels Metro is nominally RHT, with LHT on the circle line west of Halle Gate. This was done to enable unidirectional vehicles to use island platforms.

Belarus

RHT[60]

RHT

Belize

RHT

1961[1]

Former British colony. Switched to same side as neighbours.

Benin

RHT[60]

Bhutan

LHT[60]

Under British protection before 1949.

Bolivia

RHT[60]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

RHT[60]

1918

RHT[67]

Switched sides after the collapse of Austria-Hungary.

Botswana

LHT[60]

Brazil

RHT

1928[60]

RHT

A Portuguese colony until the early 19th century as LHT and retained it at least partially following independence, switched some states still on LHT to RHT in 1928, the same year as Portugal.[68][69] While some areas in present-day Brazil formerly belonged to Bolivia were already in RHT.

Brunei

LHT[60]

Bulgaria

RHT[60]

RHT

Burkina Faso

RHT[60]

Burundi

RHT

Former Belgian colony. Considering switching to LHT[70] in line with neighbours Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.

Cambodia

RHT

LHT

RHT implemented while part of French Indochina. RHD cars, many of which were smuggled from Thailand, were banned from 2001, even though they accounted for 80% of vehicles in the country.[71]

Cameroon

RHT[60]

1961

Canada

RHT

1920s

RHT

Territories now in Canada have always been RHT, except British Columbia, which changed to RHT in stages from 1920 to 1923,[72][73] and New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island which changed in 1922, 1923, and 1924 respectively.[74] Newfoundland and Labrador changed to RHT in 1947 while still a dominion of the British Empire, two years before joining Canada.[75]

Cape Verde

RHT[60]

1928

Central African Republic

RHT[60]

Chad

RHT[60]

Chile

RHT[60]

1920s

LHT

The Santiago Metro uses RHT.

China

RHT

1946

RHT/LHT

At one time, northern provinces were RHT due to American influence, while southern provinces were LHT due to British influence. LHT was uniform in the 1930s. Hong Kong and Macau are all on LHT due to their colonial heritage. Most metro systems use RHT, except for the Hong Kong MTR and the Macau LRT.

Colombia

RHT[60]

RHT

Comoros

RHT[60]

Congo

RHT[60]

Democratic Republic of Congo

RHT[60]

Costa Rica

RHT[60]

Côte d'Ivoire

RHT[60]

Croatia

RHT[60]

RHT

Istria and Dalmatia were RHT, while Croatia-Slavonia was LHT when Croatia was part of Austria-Hungary[76]. The LHT regions switched to RHT on joining the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Cuba

RHT[60]

RHT

Cyprus

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Czech Republic

RHT[60]

1939

RHT

Was LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary, switched during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia.

Denmark

RHT

RHT[77]

Includes Faroe Islands and Greenland

Djibouti

RHT[60]

Dominica

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Dominican Republic

RHT[60]

East Timor

LHT

1976

Originally LHT, like its colonial power Portugal. Switched to RHT with Portugal in 1928.[1] Under the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, changed back to LHT in 1976.

Ecuador

RHT[60]

LHT

The Quito Metro and Cuenca tram system will use RHT.

Egypt

RHT[60]

LHT

Road vehicles are RHT due to French influence, but railway system was built by British companies.

El Salvador

RHT[60]

Equatorial Guinea

RHT[60]

Eritrea

RHT[60]

1964

Estonia

RHT[60]

RHT

Ethiopia

RHT[60]

1964

LHT

The Addis Ababa Light Rail uses RHT.

Fiji

LHT

LHT

Finland

RHT

1858

RHT/LHT

Formerly ruled as part of LHT Sweden, switched to RHT as the Grand Duchy of Finland by Russian decree.[78] Most of the Helsinki commuter rail lines use LHT, but the Helsinki Metro uses RHT.

France

RHT

1792

LHT[79]/RHT

Includes French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna, French Guiana, Réunion, Saint Barthélemy, Collectivity of Saint Martin, Guadeloupe, Mayotte.  Railroads in Alsace and Moselle use RHT as a former part of German Empire. CDGVAL uses RHT. Most metro systems use RHT, except for the Lyon Metro.

Gabon

RHT[60]

Gambia

RHT

1965[37]

Georgia

RHT[60]

RHT

About 40% vehicles in Georgia are RHD due to the low cost of used cars imported from Japan[80]. The Batumi Ropeway uses LHT.

Germany

RHT[81]

RHT

Ghana

RHT

1974[82]

Former British colony. Ghana changed to driving on the right on 4 August 1974, the last former British colony in the region to do so, the military National Redemption Council having passed the Right Hand Traffic Act by decree in 1973.[83] When changing to RHT, a Twi language slogan was "Nifa, Nifa Enan" or "Right, Right, Fourth".[84]Ghana has also banned RHD vehicles. Ghana prohibited new registrations of RHD vehicles after 1 August 1974, three days before the traffic change on 4 August 1974. RHD vehicles may be imported only temporarily into Sierra Leone, for example for humanitarian programmes, but must be exported at the end of the operation.

Greece

RHT[60]

RHT

Grenada

LHT[60]

Guatemala

RHT[60]

Guinea

RHT[60]

Guinea-Bissau

RHT[60]

1928

Guyana

LHT[60]

Haiti

RHT[60]

Honduras

RHT[60]

Hong Kong

LHT[60]

LHT

Former British Colony.

Hungary

RHT[60]

1941

RHT

Originally LHT, like most of Austria-Hungary.

Iceland

RHT

1968

The day of the switch was known as H-dagurinn. Most passenger cars were already LHD.

Iran

RHT[60]

RHT

Iraq

RHT[60]

LHT

India

LHT[60]

LHT

Former British colony.

Indonesia

LHT[62]

RHT[85]

Roads were built by British, but railways are RHT due to Dutch influence. The Jakarta MRT will also use RHT.

Ireland

LHT[60]

LHT

Part of the United Kingdom until 1922.

Israel

RHT[60]

LHT

Under British rule till 1948; The Jerusalem Light Rail uses RHT.

Italy

RHT

1920s

LHT

Until 1927 the countryside was RHT while cities were LHT.[86] Rome changed to RHT in 1924 and Milan in 1926. Alfa Romeo and Lancia did  produce LHD cars until as late as 1950 and 1953 respectively only to special order, as many drivers favoured the RHD layout even in RHT as this offered the driver a clearer view of the edge of the road in mountainous regions at a time when many such roads lacked barriers or walls.[87]  The metro systems in Brescia, Genoa, Milan, and Turin use RHT, as well as all tram systems.

Jamaica

LHT[60]

Japan

LHT[88]

LHT

Post-World War II Okinawa was ruled by the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands and was RHT. It was returned to Japan in 1972 but did not convert back to LHT until 1978.[89] The conversion operation was known as 730 (Nana-San-Maru, which refers to the date of the changeover, 30 July). Okinawa is one of few places to have changed from RHT to LHT in the late 20th century. The Hakone Ropeway uses RHT.

Jordan

RHT[60]

RHT, despite the Mandate for Palestine and the Transjordan memorandum being under British rule till 1946.

Kazakhstan

RHT[60]

RHT

Kenya

LHT[90]

British colony until 1963.

Kiribati

LHT[60]

North Korea

RHT

1946

LHT/RHT

Korea had been LHT because of the influence of Japan in the 1900s. Switched to RHT under Soviet and American occupation after 1945.  The metro system in Pyongyang uses a mixture of RHT and LHT.

South Korea

RHT

1946

LHT/RHT

Korea had been LHT because of the influence of Japan in the 1900s. Switched to RHT under Soviet and American occupation after 1945.  Most metro systems in South Korea use RHT (exceptions include lines 1 and 4 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Bundang Line, and the Shinbundang Line).

Kosovo

RHT

RHT

Kuwait

RHT[60]

Kyrgyzstan

RHT

RHT

Former part of RHT Soviet Union. In 2012, over 20,000 cheaper used RHD cars were imported from Japan.[91]

Laos

RHT[60]

LHT

RHT implemented while part of French Indochina.

Latvia

RHT[60]

RHT

Lebanon

RHT[60]

Former French mandate.

Lesotho

LHT[60]

Liberia

RHT[60]

Libya

RHT[60]

Liechtenstein

RHT[60]

RHT

Lithuania

RHT[60]

RHT

Luxembourg

RHT[60]

RHT

Macedonia

RHT[60]

RHT

Madagascar

RHT[60]

Malawi

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Malaysia

LHT[60]

LHT

Former British colony.

Maldives

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Mali

RHT[60]

Malta

LHT[60]

British colony until 1964.

Marshall Islands

RHT[60]

Was being under American rule.

Mauritania

RHT

Mining roads between Fderîck and Zouérat are LHT.[92]

Mauritius

LHT[60]

Former British colony. Island nation.

Mexico

RHT[60]

RHT

Micronesia

RHT[60]

Was being under American rule. Nearly 80% vehicles are RHD due to the import of used cars from Japan.

Moldova

RHT[60]

RHT

Monaco

RHT[60]

LHT

Mongolia

RHT[60]

RHT

Montenegro

RHT[60]

RHT

Morocco

RHT[60]

RHT

Mozambique

LHT[93]

LHT

Myanmar

RHT

1970

LHT

Much of infrastructure still geared to LHT, most cars are used RHD vehicles, imported from Japan.[94]

Netherlands

RHT

1906[95]

RHT

Rotterdam was LHT until 1917.[96] Includes Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba

Namibia

LHT

1918

RHT as a German colony. After South Africa occupied German South-West Africa during World War I, switched to LHT.[1] South-West Africa was made a South African mandate by the League of Nations, and the new rule of the road was established in law.[97]

Nauru

LHT[60]

1918

Nepal

LHT[98]

Former British mandate.

New Zealand

LHT[62]

LHT

Includes territories Niue and Cook Islands

Nicaragua

RHT[60]

Niger

RHT[60]

Nigeria

RHT

1972[99]

LHT

Former British colony. Switched to RHT as it is surrounded by former French RHT colonies. Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) warned operators of RHD vehicles that they would face prosecution[100] under Section 71 of the National Road Traffic Regulation (2004), which states that no RHD vehicle shall be registered or driven on public roads.[101]

Norway

RHT[60]

RHT

Oman

RHT

Not a party to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and bans all foreign-registered RHD vehicles.[102]

Pakistan

LHT[60]

LHT

Was part of undivided India

Palau

RHT[60]

Most cars are used RHD vehicles, imported from Japan because it's a second Japanese-speaking country.

Palestine

RHT[60]

Panama

RHT

1943[103]

RHT

Papua New Guinea

LHT[60]

After Australia occupied German New Guinea during World War I, switched to LHT.

Paraguay

RHT

1945[104]

Peru

RHT[60]

LHT

Philippines

RHT

1946[36]

RHT

Was LHT during the Spanish and American colonial periods. Switched to RHT during Battle of Manila in 1945.

Poland

RHT

RHT

Partitions of Poland belonging to the German Empire and the Russian Empire were RHT. Partitions that were part of Austria-Hungary were LHT and changed to RHT in the 1920s.[105]

Portugal

RHT[62]

1928

LHT

Colonies Goa, Macau and Mozambique, which had land borders with LHT countries, did not switch and continue to drive on the left.[93] The Porto Metro uses RHT.

Qatar

RHT[60]

Romania

RHT[60]

RHT

Transylvania, the Banat and Bukovina were until 1919 LHT like most of former Austria-Hungary, while Wallachia and Moldavia were already RHT.

Russia

RHT[60]

RHT

In the Russian Far East RHD vehicles are common due to the import of used cars from nearby Japan.[106] Railway between Moscow and Ryazan is LHT. Sormovskaya line in Nizhny Novgorod Metro also uses LHT.

Rwanda

RHT[70]

Former Belgian mandate. Considering switching to LHT[70][107] like its neighbours Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.

Saint Kitts and Nevis

LHT

Former British colony.

Saint Lucia

LHT

Former British colony.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

LHT

Former British colony.

Samoa

LHT

2009

Switched to LHT to allow the import of cars more cheaply from Australia, New Zealand and Japan.[62]

San Marino

RHT[60]

São Tomé and Príncipe

RHT[60]

1928

Saudi Arabia

RHT[60]

LHT

The Makkah Metro and the Riyadh Metro use RHT.

Senegal

RHT[60]

Serbia

RHT[60]

RHT

Vojvodina was LHT while part of Austria-Hungary.

Seychelles

LHT[60]

Former British colony. Island nation.

Sierra Leone

RHT

1971[108]

Importation of RHD vehicles was banned in 2013.[109]

Singapore

LHT[60]

LHT

Former British colony.

Slovakia

RHT[60]

1939–41

RHT

Was LHT like most of former Austria-Hungary. Switched to RHT when it became a client state of Nazi Germany.

Slovenia

RHT[60]

LHT

Was LHT like most of Austria-Hungary. Switched to RHT to unite with Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro to form with Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Solomon Islands

LHT[60]

Somalia

RHT

1968[110]

South Africa

LHT[111][112]

LHT

Former British colony.

South Sudan

RHT

1973

Was LHT during the period of British colonial rule. Split from Sudan in 2011 after the majority of the population voted for independence.

Spain

RHT

1924

RHT

Up to the 1920s Barcelona was RHT, and Madrid was LHT until 1924. The Madrid and Bilbao metro systems use LHT.[113]

Sri Lanka

LHT[60]

LHT

Former British colony.

Sudan

RHT[60]

1973

Former British colony.

Suriname

LHT[60]

1920s

Swaziland

LHT[60]

Sweden

RHT[60]

1967
3 September

LHT

The day of the switch was known as Dagen H. Most passenger cars were already LHD. The tram systems in Gothenburg (except for a short part), Norrköping and Stockholm are RHT.[114] The railroads in Malmö use RHT due to the connection to Denmark.

Switzerland

RHT[60]

LHT

The tram system in Zurich and the Lausanne Metro use RHT.

Syria

RHT[60]

Taiwan

RHT

1946

LHT

Was LHT during the period of Japanese rule. The government of the Republic of China changed Taiwan to RHT in 1946 along with the rest of China.[115] Most metro systems use RHT.

Tajikistan

RHT[60]

RHT

Tanzania

LHT[60]

Thailand

LHT[62]

LHT

One of the few LHT countries not a former British colony. Shares long land border with RHT Laos and Cambodia.

Togo

RHT[60]

Tonga

LHT[60]

Trinidad and Tobago

LHT[116]

Former British colony.

Tunisia

RHT[60]

LHT

French RHT was enforced in the French protectorate of Tunisia from 1881.

Turkey

RHT[60]

RHT

Turkmenistan

RHT[60]

RHT

Tuvalu

LHT[60]

Former British colony.

Uganda

LHT[60]

Ukraine

RHT

1922[105]

RHT

West Ukraine was LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary. Carpathian Ruthenia remained LHT as part of Czechoslovakia before switching in 1941 as part of Hungary. The rest of Ukraine, having been part of the Russian Empire, already drove on the right.Some sections of Kryvyi Rih Metrotram use LHT due to tramcars have doors only on right side, which makes it impossible to use RHT at stations with island platforms.[117]

United Arab Emirates

RHT[60]

RHT

United Kingdom

LHT(Mainland UK)RHT(Gibraltar, British Indian Ocean Territory)

1929  (in Gibraltar)

LHT

Includes Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories Isle of Man, Guernsey, Jersey, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands (unregistered), Turks and Caicos Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha are all LHT. Gibraltar has been RHT since 1929 because of its land border with Spain.[118] The British Indian Ocean Territory is the only other overseas territory driving on the right. The Channel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey) drove on the right under German occupation until their liberation in 1945.[119] The Falkland Islands similarly drove on the right during their occupation by Argentina in 1982.[120]However, virtually all passenger vehicles in British Virgin Islands are LHD due to grey imports of used cars from USA and South Korea.

United States

RHTLHT(U.S. Virgin Islands)

RHT/LHT[121]

Includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico. U.S. Virgin Islands is LHT, like much of the Caribbean, as the only American jurisdiction that still has LHT, because the islands drove on the left when the United States purchased the former Danish West Indies from Denmark in 1917. However, virtually all passenger vehicles are LHD due to imports of US vehicles.

Uruguay

RHT

1945[122]

LHT

Became LHT in 1918, but as in some other countries in South America, changed to RHT on 2 September 1945.[122] A speed limit of 30 km/h (19 mph) was observed until 30 September for safety.

Uzbekistan

RHT[60]

RHT

Vanuatu

RHT[123]

Venezuela

RHT[60]

LHT

The Caracas Metro uses RHT.

Vietnam

RHT[60]

LHT

Became RHT as French Indochina.

Yemen

RHT

1977[1]

South Yemen, formerly the British colony of Aden, changed to RHT in 1977. A series of postage stamps commemorating the event was issued.[124] North Yemen was already RHT.

Zambia

LHT[60]

Zimbabwe

LHT

LHT

Former British colony. In 2010 the government attempted to ban LHD vehicles.[125]

text: Traffic rules[edit]

text:
Manoeuvre

LHT

RHT

Unless overtaking, stay on the

left

right

In roundabouts, traffic rotates

clockwise

anti-clockwise

Oncoming traffic is seen coming from the

right

left

Traffic must cross oncoming traffic when turning

right

left

Most traffic signs are on the

left

right

Pedestrians crossing a two-way road look first for traffic from their

right

left

Dual carriageway ramps are on the

left

right

After stopping at a red light, it may be legal to turn

left

right

On most vehicles, the driver sits on the

right

left

text: Rail traffic[edit]

text: Several states in Europe have RHT for roads but LHT for trains. France has mainly LHT for trains, except in Alsace-Lorraine, an eastern French territory which belonged to Germany for much of its history.

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Gibraltar has been RHT since 1929

A sign reminding motorists to keep left in Australia

Vehicles entering and leaving Macau cross over each other at the Lotus Bridge.

Sign reminding motorists to drive on the left in Ireland


document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: player with most goals in premier league season

root

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3, Manchester United twice (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]
Biggest title-winning margin: 18 points, 1999–2000; Manchester United (91 points) over Arsenal (73 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference — the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

tag: ul

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016–17)[4]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[5]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[6]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[8]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[5][9][10]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[11]
Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[12]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[13]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[14][11]

Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)

text: Losses[edit]

text:
Fewest losses in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[15]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[16]
Most losses in total: 336, Everton[17]
Fewest home losses in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[18][19][20]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08) [21][22][23]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[23][24][25][26][27]
Liverpool (2008–09)[28]
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Most consecutive losses over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[29]
Fewest away losses in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[22][30]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 26 October 2008)[31]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[32]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[33]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[33]
Southampton (1994–95)[33]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[33]
Aston Villa (2006–07 & 2011–12)[33]
Sunderland (2014–15)[33]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[33]
Leicester City (1997–98 & 2003–04)[33]
Manchester United (2016–17)[33]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[33]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98 & 2016–17)[33]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[33]
Manchester United (2012–13)[33]
Chelsea (2016–17)[33]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[33]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96 & 2014–15)[33]
Barnsley (1997–98)[33]
Chelsea (1997–98)[33]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[33]
Everton (2000–01)[33]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[33]
Portsmouth (2005–06 & 2007–08)[33]
Burnley (2009–10)[33]
Liverpool (2011–12)[33]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[33]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[33]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[33]
Southampton (1994–95)[33]
Manchester City (2009–10)[33]

Most draws in total: 277, Everton[17]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[34]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[35][36]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 103, Chelsea (2009–10)[37]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[38]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[39]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[40]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[41]
Best goal difference in a season: 71, Chelsea (2009–10)[41]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[42]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[41]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[43]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[44]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[44]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[44]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[44]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[44]
Southampton (1998–99)[44]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[44]
Derby County (2007–08)[44]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[44]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[44]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[44]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[45]
Most goals scored in total: 1,856, Manchester United[17]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,231, Tottenham Hotspur[17]
Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[46]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[47]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[48]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[49]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[50]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 95, Chelsea (2004–05)[51]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[52]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[53]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[54]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[55]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[55]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[56]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 652, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 12 February 2018)[57]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[58]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[59]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[60]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[61]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[62]
Most Premier League goals: Alan Shearer (260)[63]

text:
Most goals scored away from home: Wayne Rooney (94)[citation needed]
Most Premier League goals at one club: Wayne Rooney (183, for Manchester United)[64]
Oldest goalscorer: Teddy Sheringham, 40 years and 268 days (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[65]
Youngest goalscorer: James Vaughan, 16 years and 271 days (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[66]

text:
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[67]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[68]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
208
482
0.43
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
161
483
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

tag: table

tag: p

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[70]

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 31, joint record:[71]

Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, 2007–08)
Luis Suárez (Liverpool, 2013–14)

Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[72]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league:[73]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)

22-team league:

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[74]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[75]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[76]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[77]

Andrew Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[78]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[79]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[80]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[84]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[68]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: Sadio Mané, 2 minutes 56 seconds (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[85]
Highest number of different clubs to score for: 7:

Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[86]

Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[87]
Most own goals in a season: 4, Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[88]
Most Hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[89]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (for Liverpool)[90]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Assists

Most assists (career)

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
111

3
 Wayne Rooney
103

4
 Frank Lampard
102

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 James Milner
77

9
 Teddy Sheringham
76

10
 Thierry Henry
74

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[92]
Most consecutive Premier League matches assisted in: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[93]
Most assists from one player to another: 24, Frank Lampard to Didier Drogba[94]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[95]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[96]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

Most clean sheets (career)

1
 Petr Čech
199

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
151

4
 David Seaman
140

5
 Nigel Martyn
137

6
 Pepe Reina
134

7
 Edwin van der Sar
132

 Tim Howard

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
128

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[97]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[98]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[99]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[100]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[101]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[102]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[103]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[57]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[69]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[104]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[105]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal vs Manchester City, 23 May 2012[106]

text: Youngest players to score[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[107]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10-Apr-2005
Everton
16 years 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26-Dec-2002
Leeds United
16 years 346 days
Sunderland

3
Wayne Rooney
19-Oct-2002
Everton
16 years 351 days
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fabregas
25-Aug-2004
Arsenal
17 years 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
06-May-1997
Liverpool
17 years 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
05-Sep-1992
Tottenham
17 years 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
05-Apr-2009
Manchester United
17 years 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20-Oct-2012
Liverpool
17 years 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20-Feb-1999
Chelsea
17 years 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20-Sep-1997
Everton
17 years 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[108]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[108]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[109]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United had won the 2010–11 competition
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City had won the 2015–16 competition

Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[110]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[111]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 — final score; 3–4)[112]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 — final score; 4–4)[113]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 — final score; 3–4)[114]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[115]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[116]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[117]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[118]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[119]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the start of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2017–18 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[120]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
25
962
604
209
149
1856
847
1009
2021
13
5
3
1

80.84
1

2
Arsenal
25
962
525
247
190
1698
911
787
1822
3
6
5
7

72.88
1

3
Chelsea
25
962
516
241
205
1645
925
720
1789
5
4
4
2

71.56
1

4
Liverpool
25
962
478
243
241
1601
986
615
1677

3
5
6

67.08
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
25
962
400
247
315
1406
1231
175
1447

1
1
2

57.88
2

6
Everton
25
962
349
277
336
1259
1207
52
1324

1

52.96
4

7
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

8
Newcastle United
22
844
322
217
305
1168
1140
28
1183

2
2
1
2
53.77
2

9
Manchester City
20
772
327
190
255
1173
925
248
1171
2
2
2
1
2
58.55
1

10
West Ham United
21
806
265
209
332
964
1146
−182
1004

2
47.81
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
18
696
222
187
287
855
966
−111
853

1
47.39
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[121]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
11
422
130
118
174
516
610
−94
508
1

3
46.18
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
11
418
106
115
197
444
640
−196
433

3
39.36
8

20
Stoke City
9
342
109
97
136
363
457
−94
424

47.11
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

25
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

26
Crystal Palace
8
312
86
78
148
329
456
−127
336

4
42.00
10

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

29
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

30
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[122]

1
41.90
8

31
Swansea City
6
228
74
57
97
278
327
−49
279

46.50
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.10
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

36
Watford
4
152
34
35
83
144
254
−110
137

2
34.25
13

37
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

38
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

39
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

40
Burnley
3
114
26
25
63
109
190
−81
103

2
34.33
16

41
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

42
Bournemouth
2
76
23
19
34
100
134
−34
88

44.00
9

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

45
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

46
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

47
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

48
Brighton & Hove Albion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

49
Huddersfield Town
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

text: League or status at 2017–18:

text:
2017–18 Premier League

2017–18 EFL Championship

2017–18 Football League One

2017–18 Football League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[123][124]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League winner's medals: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Winner of Premier League Manager of the Month Award: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month Awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[125]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[126]
Longest-serving manager: Arsène Wenger (Arsenal), 1 October 1996 to present[127]
Shortest-serving manager (excluding caretakers): Les Reed, 41 days (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006)[128]