document_title: Welfare state in the United Kingdom

question_text: when was the welfare state introduced to britain

text: Welfare state in the United Kingdom

text: History[edit]

text: In 1984 historian Derek Fraser told the British story in a nutshell. The welfare state, he said:[3]

text: The welfare state in the modern sense was anticipated by the Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws 1832 which found that the old poor law (a part of the English Poor laws) was subject to widespread abuse and promoted squalor, idleness and criminality in its recipients, compared to those who received private charity. Accordingly, the qualifications for receiving aid were tightened up, forcing many recipients to either turn to private charity or accept employment.

text: Opinions began to be changed late in the century by reports drawn up by men such as Seebohm Rowntree and Charles Booth into the levels of poverty in Britain. These reports indicated that in the massive industrial cities, between one-quarter and one-third of the population were living below the poverty line.

text: Liberal reforms[edit]

text: The Liberal Party launched the welfare state in Britain with a series of major Liberal welfare reforms in 1906–1914.[4] The reforms were greatly extended over the next forty years.[4]

text: The minimum wage was introduced in Great Britain in 1909 for certain low-wage industries and expanded to numerous industries, including farm labour, by 1920. However, by the 1920s, a new perspective was offered by reformers to emphasise the usefulness of family allowance targeted at low-income families was the alternative to relieving poverty without distorting the labour market.[5][6] The trade unions and the Labour Party adopted this view. In 1945, family allowances were introduced; minimum wages faded from view.

text: The experience of almost total state control during the Second World War had encouraged the belief that the state might be able to solve problems in wide areas of national life.[7]

text: The Liberal government of 1906–1914 implemented welfare policies concerning three main groups in society: the old, the young and working people.[4]

text:
Young
Old
Working

In 1906 local authorities were allowed to provide free school meals.[8]
The Children and Young Persons Act 1908 introduced a set of regulations that became known as the Children's Charter. This imposed severe punishments for neglecting or treating children cruelly. It was made illegal to sell cigarettes to children or send them out begging. Separate juvenile courts were set up, which sent children convicted of a crime to borstals (a forerunner to modern youth detention centres), instead of prison.[9]

In 1908 pensions were introduced for the over 70s.[10]

In 1909 Labour Exchanges were set up to help unemployed people find work.[11]
The National Insurance Act 1911 was passed, ensuring free medical treatment, and sick pay of 10 shillings a week for 26 weeks.[4] An estimated 13 million workers came to be compulsorily covered under this scheme.[12]

text: Beveridge Report and Labour[edit]

text: The aftermath of the First World War boosted demands for social reform, and led to a permanent increase in the role of the state in British society. The end of the war also brought a slump, particularly in northern industrial towns, that deepened into the Great Depression by the 1930s.[7]

text: During the war, the government became much more involved in people's lives via governmental organisation of the rationing of foodstuffs, clothing and fuel and extra milk and meals being given to expectant mothers and children.[7] The wartime coalition government also committed itself to full employment through Keynesian policies, free universal secondary education, and the introduction of family allowances.[13] Many people welcomed this government intervention and wanted it to go further.[7]

text: The Beveridge Report of 1942, (which identified five "Giant Evils" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease) essentially recommended a national, compulsory, flat rate insurance scheme which would combine health care, unemployment and retirement benefits. Beveridge himself was careful to emphasise that unemployment benefits should be held to a subsistence level, and after six months would be conditional on work or training, so as not to encourage abuse of the system.[14] That was however predicated on the concept of the "maintenance of employment" which meant ‘it should be possible to make unemployment of any individual for more than 26 weeks continuously a rare thing in normal times’ [14] and recognised that the imposition of a training condition would be impractical if the unemployed were numbered by the million.[14] After its victory in the 1945 general election, the Labour Party pledged to eradicate the Giant Evils, and undertook policy measures to provide for the people of the United Kingdom "from the cradle to the grave."

text: Included among the laws passed were the National Assistance Act 1948, National Insurance Act 1946, and National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1946.

text: Impact[edit]

text: This policy resulted in increased expenditure and a widening of what was considered to be the state's responsibility. In addition to the central services of education, health, unemployment and sickness allowances, the welfare state also included the idea of increasing redistributive taxation, increasing regulation of industry, food, and housing (better safety regulations, weights and measures controls, etc.)

text: The foundation of the National Health Service (NHS) did not involve building new hospitals, but nationalisation of existing municipal provision and charitable foundations. The aim was not to substantially increase provision but to standardise care across the country; indeed William Beveridge believed that the overall cost of medical care would decrease, as people became healthier and so needed less treatment.

text: However, instead of falling, the cost of the NHS has risen by 4% annually on average due to an ageing population,[15] leading to a reduction in provision. Charges for dentures, and spectacles were introduced in 1951 by the same Labour government that had founded the NHS three years earlier, and prescription charges by the successive Conservative Government were introduced in 1952.[16] In 1988, free eye tests for all were abolished, although they are now free for the over-60s.[17]

text: Policies differ in different countries of the United Kingdom, but the provision of a welfare state is still a basic principle of government policy in the United Kingdom today. The principle of health care "free at the point of use" became a central idea of the welfare state, which later Conservative governments, although critical of some aspects of the welfare state, did not reverse.

text: Expenditure[edit]

text: In the financial year 2014/15, state pensions were overwhelmingly the largest governmental welfare expense, costing £86,500,000,000 followed by housing benefit, which accounted for over £20,000,000,000[18] Expenditure in 2015–16 on benefits included: £2,300,000,000 paid to unemployed people and £27,100,000,000 to people on low incomes, and £27,600,000,000 for personal tax credits.[19][20]

text: UK Government welfare expenditure 2011–12 (percent)

text:
UK Government welfare expenditure 2014–15[18]

Benefit
Expenditure (£bn)

State pension
86.5

Tax credits (Working tax credits and Child tax credits)
29.7

Housing Benefit
23.5

Disability Living Allowance
15.4

Incapacity benefits
14.1

Child benefit
11.6

Pension Credit
6.6

Attendance Allowance
5.4

Jobseeker's allowance
3.1

Income Support
2.6

Maternity and paternity pay
2.4

Carer's allowance
2.3

Winter fuel payments
2.1

War pensions
0.8

Universal credit
0.1

Other
5.9

TOTAL
pounds 213.9

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Critics of the welfare state claim that, in addition to the vast expense, by relieving citizens of personal responsibility for their own welfare the government has inadvertently promoted irresponsible and immature attitudes, with the result that squalor, ignorance, and idleness are common.[21][22] In 1980, T. E. Utley, wrote that the welfare state was "an arrangement under which we all largely cease to be responsible for our own behaviour and in return become responsible for everyone else's. The temptations which this way of doing things offers to synthetic anger, fraudulent penitence, all other forms of hypocrisy and the sheer evasion of duty are infinitely too strong for fallen man".[23]

text: In 2010, the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition government led by David Cameron has argued for a reduction of welfare spending in the United Kingdom as part of their programme of austerity.[24] Government ministers have argued that a growing culture of welfare dependency is perpetuating welfare spending, and claim that a cultural change is required to reduce the welfare bill.[25] Public opinion in the UK appears to support a reduction in welfare spending, however commentators have suggested that negative public perceptions are founded on exaggerated assumptions about the proportion of spending on unemployment benefit and the level of benefit fraud.[26][27]

text: Figures from the Department for Work and Pensions show that benefit fraud is thought to have cost taxpayers £1.2 billion during 2012–13, up 9% on the year before.[28] This is lower than the £1.5 billion of benefit underpayment due to error.[29]

text: In some cases, relatives who bring up a child when the parents cannot bring up the child face sanctions and financial penalties, they can be left poor and homeless.[30] There are also widespread complaints from church groups and others that the UK welfare state does insufficient work to prevent poverty, deprivation even hunger. [31]

text: Historical statistics on welfare trends[edit]

text: Benefit rates as a percentage of industrial earnings[edit]

text:
Benefit rates as a per cent of industrial earnings of male manual workers aged 21 and over (1948–71)[32]

Year (month)
Single pension
Supplementary Benefit for single person
Family Allowance for four children

1948 (October)
18.9
17.5
10.9

1961 (April)
19.1
17.8
9.3

1962 (April)
18.4
17.1
8.9

1963 (May)
20.8
19.5
8.6

1964 (April)
19.2
18.1
8.0

1964 (October)
18.7
17.6
7.7

1965 (April)
21.2
20.1
7.4

1965 (October)
20.4
19.4
7.1

1966 (April)
19.8
18.8
6.9

1966 (October)
19.7
20.0
6.9

1967 (April)
19.4
19.7
6.8

1967 (October)
21.0
20.1
7.7

1968 (April)
20.2
19.3
11.9

1968 (October)
19.6
19.8
12.6

1969 (April)
18.8
19.3
12.1

1969 (November)
20.0
19.2
11.7

1970 (April)
19.0
18.3
11.3

1970 (November)
17.6
18.3
10.2

1971 (March) (est.)
17.3
18.0
10.0

text: Note on source, as quoted in the text: "based on statistics of weekly earnings, Employment and Productivity Gazette."

text: Changes in National Assistance/Supplementary Benefit[edit]

text:
Changes in National Assistance/Supplementary Benefit scale (1963–1969) (a)[32]

Date of change
Real value single pensioner
Real value married man with three children (b)
Real take home pay for average worker

May 1963
100
100
100

March 1965
111
112
106

November 1966
117
110
106

October 1967
122
115
108

November 1969
122
115
110

text:
(a) As quoted in the text: "the scale is calculated using the average discretionary addition (adjusted to spread winter fuel costs throughout the year) for retirement pensioners. It does not include any allowance for rent. The price index used for the single pensioner is that in the Employment and Productivity Gazette."
(b) As quoted in the text: "it is assumed that the children are aged four, six, and eleven."

text: Increases in National Insurance benefits[edit]

text:
Increases in National Insurance benefits (1963–69):[32]

Date of increase
Real take home pay for average worker (a)
Real value of single pension (b)
Real value of unemployment benefit
(man with wife and three children) (c)

March/May 1963
100
100
100

January/March 1965
106
111
110

October 1967
108
114
113

November 1969
110
114
116

text:
(a) As quoted by text: "Based on average earnings for adult male manual workers in manufacturing, allowing for income tax and national insurance contributions.
(b) As quoted by text: "Calculated on the special price index for single pensioner households published by the Employment and Productivity Gazette adjusted for housing expenditure using the housing component of the retail price index. Since a disproportionate number of pensioners have controlled tenancies, this may overstate the increase in prices."
(c) This column is deflated by use of the Retail Price Index

text: Social security benefits as a percentage of average earnings[edit]

text:
Social security benefits as a percentage of average earnings for last increases of various governments, 1951–79[33]

Government
Sickness/unemployment benefit a
a plus earnings related supplement
Retirement pensions c
Supplementary allowance/benefits d
Family allowance/child benefit e

Labour (1951)
25.7
25.7
30.4
30.4
8.0

Conservative (1963)
33.8
33.8
33.0
31.6
5.3

Labour (1969)
32.4
52.3
32.4
31.4
3.8

Conservative (1973)
29.1
46.2
30.5
28.5
3.0

Labour (1978)
30.5
44.4
37.4
30.2
3.7

text:
a,b Man plus dependent wife.
c Man plus dependent wife on his insurance.
d Married couple.
e For one child.

text: Social policy benefits and earnings under the Labour Government 1963–69[edit]

text:
Social policy benefits and earnings under Labour 1963–69:[34]

Year
Unemployment, sickness, and retirement benefits (single)
Retirement pension (married)
National assistance/supplementary benefit (married couple)
Adult male manual workers (weekly earnings)
Adult male administrative, technical, and clerical employees (weekly earnings)

1963
100
100
100
100
100

1969
148
149
150
154
148

text: Supplementary benefits rates as a proportion of income[edit]

text:
Supplementary benefit rates as a proportion of gross and net income at average earnings, married couple:[35]

Year
End of year (a)

As % of gross average earnings

Ordinary rate
Long term rate

1973
28.5
31.4

1974
28.1
33.6

1975
29.8
36.2

1976
30.8
37.1

1977
32.3
38.9

1978
30.6
37.8

As % of net income (b) at average earnings

Ordinary rate
Long term rate

1973
37.9
41.8

1974
38.8
46.5

1975
42.4
51.5

1976
43.9
52.9

1977
44.1
53.1

1978
41.6
51.4

text:
Supplementary benefit: long term scale rate as proportion of ordinary rate (%)

Date of introduction
Single
Married couple

1973
14.0
10.3

1974
23.8
19.8

1975 (April)
25.0
20.4

1975 (November)
25.7
21.4

1976
23.6
20.3

1977
23.4
20.4

1978
28.0
23.5

text: Households dependent on Supplementary Benefit[edit]

text:
Numbers in households dependent on supplementary benefit or with estimated incomes below SB level, 1974 and 1976 (thousands)

Year
Pensioners
Under pensionable age family head or single parent

(as % of total)
Unemployed
Normally in full-time work
Sick or disabled
Others

1974
2,680
(52%)
450
360
480
1,170

1976
2,800
(44%)
1,080
890
280
1,300

text: Changes in real terms in social security benefits[edit]

text:
Changes in real terms in social security benefits, 1964–79 (in 1981 prices, 1951= 100):[33]

Year
Supplementary benefits (a)
Sickness/unemployment benefit (b)
Retirement pensions (c)
Family allowance/child benefit (d)

1964
146
176
149
85

1965
166
199
168
85

1966
165
199
168
82

1967
173
318
173
80

1968
173
318
173
77

1969
172
329
172
72

1970
173
329
172
69

1971
178
354
177
80

1972
187
356
183
75

1973
186
342
191
68

1974
191
345
216
78

1975
187
327
215
69

1976
189
323
219
72

1977
190
326
221
69

1978
189
321
228
82

1979
190
308
232
102

text:
(a) Refers to married couple.
(b) Refers to man plus dependent wife.
(c) Refers to man plus wife on his insurance. After 1971 refers to recipients under 80 years old.
(d) Includes family allowance and tax allowance combined for second child up to 1977, when these were unified into the child benefit.

text: Percentage change in social security benefits, prices and earnings[edit]

text:
Percentage change in social security benefits, prices, and earnings since previous updating (1974–1978):[35]

Date
Unemployment and sickness benefit (a)
Retirement pension (b)
Prices (c)
Average earnings (d)

July 1974
17.0
29.0
13.5
12.9

April 1975
14.0
16.0
17.7
17.4

November 1975
13.3
14.7
11.7
10.7

November 1976
16.2
15.0
15.0
12.8

November 1977
14.0
14.4
13.0
9.6

November 1978
7.1
11.4
8.1
14.6

Total increase October 1973–1978
114.3
151.6
109.6
107.9

text:
(a) Single person.
(b) Single pensioner under age 80.
(c) General index of retail prices.
(d) Average gross weekly earnings of full-time adult male manual workers. For November 1978, October 1977 to October 1978 increase used.

text: Unemployment and sickness benefits as a percentage of income[edit]

text:
Unemployment or sickness benefits as percentage of net income (a) at average earnings (b):[35]

Year
Single person
Married couple
Married couple with two children

Excl. ERS
Inc. ERS (c)
Excl. ERS
Inc. ERS (c)
Excl. ERS
Inc. ERS (c)

1965
27.0
27.0
41.2
41.2
49.3
49.3

1970
25.0
53.3
38.4
65.2
48.3
72.7

1973
24.8
48.4
38.7
61.5
49.5
70.6

1974
25.6
48.6
39.5
61.6
50.2
70.3

1975
24.5
45.9
38.0
58.4
48.3
67.0

1976
24.9
46.7
38.3
59.1
48.4
67.3

1977
25.8
47.9
39.1
59.9
49.7
68.8

1978
25.4
45.1
38.8
57.4
49.6
66.9

text:
(a) After allowing for income tax and national insurance contributions.
(b) Average earnings of adult male manual workers.
(c) Earnings Related Supplement calculated using average earnings in October of the relevant tax year.

text: The real value of social security benefits, 1948–75 (£s, 1981 prices)[edit]

text: Unemployment benefit[36]

text: July 1948: 19.64

text: April 1961: 26.88

text: September 1971: 34.96

text: November 1975: 36.47

text: Retirement pension[36]

text: July 1948: 19.64

text: April 1961: 26.88

text: September 1971: 34.96

text: November 1975: 42.96

text: Supplementary benefit[36]

text: July 1948: 17.93

text: April 1961: 25.31

text: September 1971: 33.39

text: November 1975: 35.10

text: Child support: one child[36]

text: July 1948: 4.87

text: April 1961: 4.36

text: September 1971: 4.27

text: November 1975: 3.67

text: Child support: three children[36]

text: July 1948: 17.60

text: April 1961: 16.62

text: September 1971: 15.36

text: November 1975: 13.81


document_title: List of Southwest Airlines destinations

question_text: where does southwest fly to in south carolina

root

text: List of Southwest Airlines destinations

text: Destinations[edit]

text: Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system. It has large operations in certain airports. An average of 80 percent of Southwest passengers are local passengers— only 20 percent of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is higher than most airlines, where many passengers connect in hub cities. However, at Southwest's focus cities, the percentage of connecting passengers can reach 30 percent.[3] Recent numbers indicate that the number of connecting passengers is steadily rising.[4]

tag: p

text: As part of its effort to control costs, Southwest sometimes uses secondary airports in cities with high costs. Secondary airports have lower costs and may be more convenient to travelers than major airports. Some examples include:

text:
Chicago, Illinois: Southwest uses Midway International Airport instead of O'Hare International Airport.
Dallas, Texas: Southwest uses Dallas Love Field instead of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Houston, Texas: Southwest uses William P. Hobby Airport instead of George Bush Intercontinental Airport.
Miami/Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Southwest uses Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport instead of Miami International Airport.
New York City, New York: Southwest uses Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Long Island MacArthur Airport airports instead of John F. Kennedy International Airport.

tag: ul

text: AirTran cities acquired by Southwest[edit]

text: Through Southwest's acquisition of AirTran Airways, Southwest opened a focus city in Atlanta and acquired additional slots at Washington–National and New York–LaGuardia. In addition, Southwest added service to the following destinations.[5]

text:
Aruba
Atlanta, Georgia
Cancún, Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Des Moines, Iowa
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Memphis, Tennessee
Mexico City, Mexico
Montego Bay, Jamaica

Nassau, Bahamas
Pensacola, Florida
Portland, Maine
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
Richmond, Virginia
Rochester, New York
San José del Cabo, Mexico
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Wichita, Kansas

tag: table

text: International service[edit]

text: Southwest began planning international service when it acquired AirTran, which already served international destinations. Southwest's first approach to international service came on April 19, 2012 when it signed a contract with the Amadeus IT Group to launch an international reservation system. This agreement gave the airline the capability to begin flying to destinations outside of the United States.[6]

text: Southwest debuted the international reservation system on January 27, 2014 when its first international flights went on sale. This was followed by the first international flights which began on July 1, 2014 to Aruba (AUA), Montego Bay, Jamaica (MBJ) and Nassau, Bahamas (NAS).

text: Southwest built a 5 gate international terminal at William P. Hobby Airport that opened in 2015. Southwest also built a 5 gate international terminal in Fort Lauderdale that opened in 2017.[7]

text: Hawaii service[edit]

text: On October 11, 2017, Southwest announced they would add service to Hawaii beginning in 2018, pending government approval. The airline announced that the flights to Hawaii will be operated from four California cities: Oakland, San Diego, San Jose, and Sacramento, utilizing their Boeing 737-800 and 737 MAX 8 aircraft. As announced Southwest Airlines will begin service to the following destinations: Honolulu (Daniel K. Inouye International Airport), Kahului (Kahului Airport), Kailua-Kona (Kona International Airport), Lihue (Lihue Airport).[8]

text: Chart[edit]

text: As of  June 2018[update], this is a list of destinations that Southwest Airlines serves.

text:
Operating Base

Focus city

Future destination

Terminated destination

text:
Country (State/Province)

City

Airport

City Count

Begin

End

Refs

Aruba
Oranjestad
Queen Beatrix International Airport
85
2014
Present

Bahamas
Nassau
Lynden Pindling International Airport
86
2014
Present

Belize
Belize City
Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport
93
2015
Present

Cayman Islands
George Town
Owen Roberts International Airport
97
2017
Present
[9]

Costa Rica
Liberia
Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport
94
2015
Present

Costa Rica
San José
Juan Santamaría International Airport
91
2015
Present

Cuba
Havana
José Martí International Airport
96
2016
Present

Cuba
Santa Clara
Abel Santamaría Airport
—
2016
2017
[10]

Cuba
Varadero
Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport
—
2016
2017
[10]

Dominican Republic
Punta Cana
Punta Cana International Airport
89
2014
Present

Jamaica
Montego Bay
Sangster International Airport
84
2014
Present

Mexico (Baja California Sur)
San José del Cabo
Los Cabos International Airport
88
2014
Present

Mexico (Federal District)
Mexico City
Mexico City International Airport
90
2014
Present

Mexico (Jalisco)
Puerto Vallarta
Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport
92
2015
Present

Mexico (Quintana Roo)
Cancún
Cancún International Airport
87
2014
Present

Turks and Caicos Islands
Providenciales
Providenciales International Airport
99
2017
Present
[11]

United States (Alabama)
Birmingham
Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport
25
1987
Present

United States (Arizona)
Phoenix
Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
16
1982
Present

United States (Arizona)
Tucson
Tucson International Airport
43
1994
Present

United States (Arkansas)
Little Rock
Little Rock National Airport
20
1984
Present

United States (California)
Burbank
Hollywood Burbank Airport
29
1990
Present

United States (California)
Long Beach
Long Beach Airport
95
2016
Present

United States (California)
Los Angeles
Los Angeles International Airport
19
1982
Present

United States (California)
Oakland
Oakland International Airport
28
1989
Present

United States (California)
Ontario
Ontario International Airport
23
1985
Present

United States (California)
Orange County
John Wayne Airport
37
1994
Present

United States (California)
Sacramento
Sacramento International Airport
31
1991
Present

United States (California)
San Diego
San Diego International Airport
17
1982
Present

United States (California)
San Francisco
San Francisco International Airport
63
1982, 2007
2001, Present

United States (California)
San José
San Jose International Airport
35
1993
Present

United States (Colorado)
Denver
Denver International Airport
61
2006
Present

United States (Colorado)
Denver
Stapleton International Airport
—
1983
1986
[12]

United States (Connecticut)
Hartford
Bradley International Airport
53
1999
Present

United States (Florida)
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
45
1996
Present

United States (Florida)
Fort Myers
Southwest Florida International Airport
60
2005
Present

United States (Florida)
Jacksonville
Jacksonville International Airport
49
1997
Present

United States (Florida)
Key West
Key West International Airport
—
2012
2014
[13]

United States (Florida)
Orlando
Orlando International Airport
47
1996
Present

United States (Florida)
Palm Beach
Palm Beach International Airport
56
2001
Present

United States (Florida)
Panama City
Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport
68
2010
Present

United States (Florida)
Pensacola
Pensacola International Airport
82
2013
Present

United States (Florida)
Tampa
Tampa International Airport
46
1996
Present

United States (Georgia)
Atlanta
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
72
2012
Present

United States (Hawaii)
Honolulu
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport
—
2018
Future
[14]

United States (Hawaii)
Kahului
Kahului Airport
—
2018
Future
[15]

United States (Hawaii)
Kailua-Kona
Kona International Airport
—
2018
Future
[16]

United States (Hawaii)
Lihue
Lihue Airport
—
2018
Future
[17]

United States (Idaho)
Boise
Boise Airport
41
1994
Present

United States (Illinois)
Chicago
Chicago Midway International Airport
21
1985
Present

United States (Indiana)
Indianapolis
Indianapolis International Airport
27
1989
Present

United States (Iowa)
Des Moines
Des Moines International Airport
74
2012
Present

United States (Kansas)
Wichita
Wichita Eisenhower National Airport
79
2013
Present

United States (Kentucky)
Covington/Cincinnati
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
98
2017
Present
[18]

United States (Kentucky)
Louisville
Louisville International Airport
34
1993
Present

United States (Louisiana)
New Orleans
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
11
1979
Present

United States (Maine)
Portland
Portland International Jetport
78
2013
Present

United States (Maryland)
Baltimore/Washington, D.C.
Baltimore-Washington International Airport
36
1993
Present

United States (Massachusetts)
Boston
Logan International Airport
66
2009
Present

United States (Michigan)
Detroit
Coleman A. Young International Airport
—
1988
1993
[12]

United States (Michigan)
Detroit
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
26
1987
Present

United States (Michigan)
Flint
Bishop International Airport
—
2013
2018
[19]

United States (Michigan)
Grand Rapids
Gerald R. Ford International Airport
80
2013
Present

United States (Minnesota)
Minneapolis/St. Paul
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport
64
2009
Present

United States (Mississippi)
Jackson
Jackson International Airport
—
1997
2014
[13]

United States (Missouri)
Branson
Branson Airport
—
2013
2014
[13]

United States (Missouri)
Kansas City
Kansas City International Airport
18
1982
Present

United States (Missouri)
St. Louis
Lambert-Saint Louis International Airport
22
1985
Present

United States (Nebraska)
Omaha
Eppley Airfield
44
1995
Present

United States (Nevada)
Las Vegas
McCarran International Airport
15
1982
Present

United States (Nevada)
Reno/Tahoe
Reno-Tahoe International Airport
30
1990
Present

United States (New Hampshire)
Manchester
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport
50
1998
Present

United States (New Jersey)
Newark
Newark Liberty International Airport
71
2011
Present

United States (New Mexico)
Albuquerque
Albuquerque International Sunport
14
1980
Present

United States (New York)
Albany
Albany International Airport
54
2000
Present

United States (New York)
Buffalo
Buffalo Niagara International Airport
55
2000
Present

United States (New York)
Long Island/Islip
Long Island MacArthur Airport
51
1999
Present

United States (New York)
New York City
LaGuardia Airport
65
2009
Present

United States (New York)
Rochester
Greater Rochester International Airport
77
2013
Present

United States (North Carolina)
Charlotte
Charlotte/Douglas International Airport
75
2013
Present

United States (North Carolina)
Raleigh-Durham
Raleigh-Durham International Airport
52
1999
Present

United States (Ohio)
Akron/Canton
Akron-Canton Regional Airport
—
2012
2017

United States (Ohio)
Cleveland
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
32
1992
Present

United States (Ohio)
Columbus
John Glenn Columbus International Airport
33
1992
Present

United States (Ohio)
Dayton
Dayton International Airport
—
2012
2017

United States (Oklahoma)
Oklahoma City
Will Rogers World Airport
12
1980
Present

United States (Oklahoma)
Tulsa
Tulsa International Airport
13
1980
Present

United States (Oregon)
Portland
Portland International Airport
38
1994
Present

United States (Pennsylvania)
Philadelphia
Philadelphia International Airport
58
2004
Present

United States (Pennsylvania)
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh International Airport
59
2005
Present

United States (Puerto Rico)
San Juan
Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport
76
2013
Present

United States (Rhode Island)
Providence
T. F. Green Airport
48
1996
Present

United States (South Carolina)
Charleston
Charleston International Airport
70
2011
Present

United States (South Carolina)
Greenville/Spartanburg
Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport
69
2011
Present

United States (Tennessee)
Memphis
Memphis International Airport
81
2013
Present

United States (Tennessee)
Nashville
Nashville International Airport
24
1986
Present

United States (Texas)
Amarillo
Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport
10
1978
Present

United States (Texas)
Austin
Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
9
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Beaumont/Port Arthur
Jack Brooks Regional Airport
—
1979
1980
[12]

United States (Texas)
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi International Airport
5
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Dallas
Dallas Love Field
1
1971
Present

United States (Texas)
El Paso
El Paso International Airport
8
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Harlingen/South Padre Island
Valley International Airport
4
1975
Present

United States (Texas)
Houston
William P. Hobby Airport
3
1971
Present

United States (Texas)
Houston
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
—
1971, 1980
1972, 2005
[12]

United States (Texas)
Lubbock
Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport
6
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Midland/Odessa
Midland International Airport
7
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
San Antonio
San Antonio International Airport
2
1971
Present

United States (Utah)
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City International Airport
42
1994
Present

United States (Virginia)
Norfolk
Norfolk International Airport
57
2001
Present

United States (Virginia)
Richmond
Richmond International Airport
83
2013
Present

United States (Virginia)
Washington, D.C./Arlington
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
73
2012
Present

United States (Virginia)
Dulles
Washington Dulles International Airport
62
2006
Present

United States (Washington)
Everett
Paine Field
—
2018
Future
[20]

United States (Washington)
Seattle/Tacoma
Seattle–Tacoma International Airport
39
1994
Present

United States (Washington)
Spokane
Spokane International Airport
40
1994
Present

United States (Wisconsin)
Milwaukee
General Mitchell International Airport
67
2009
Present

United States (Wyoming)
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole Airport
—
1985
1986


document_title: R. Lee Ermey

question_text: who did r lee ermey play in spongebob

question_tokens: who did r lee ermey play in spongebob

text: R. Lee Ermey

text: Early life[edit]

text: Ermey was born in Emporia, Kansas, on March 24, 1944 to John Edward and Betty (neé Pantle) Ermey.[2][3] He grew up with five brothers on a farm outside of Kansas City, Kansas.[4] In 1958, when Ermey was 14, he and his family left Kansas and moved to Zillah, Washington.[4][5] As a teenager, Ermey often got in trouble with the local authorities, and was arrested twice for criminal mischief by age 17.[4] After his second arrest, a judge gave him a choice between joining the military or being sent to jail; Ermey chose the military.[4]

text: Military career[edit]

text: U.S. Marine Corps[edit]

text: In 1961, at age 17, Ermey enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and went through recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego in San Diego, California.[4] For his first few years, he served in the aviation support field before becoming a drill instructor in India Company, 3rd Recruit Training Battalion, at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, where he was assigned from 1965 to 1967.[6]

text: Ermey then served in Marine Wing Support Group 17 at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa, Japan.[4] In 1968, he was ordered to Vietnam with MWSG-17, and spent 14 months in country. The remainder of his service was on Okinawa where he was advanced to staff sergeant (E-6). He was medically discharged in 1972 because of several injuries incurred during his service.[7] On May 17, 2002, he received an honorary promotion to gunnery sergeant (E-7) by the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General James L. Jones.[8]

text: Acting career[edit]

text: Films[edit]

text: Ermey was cast in his first film while attending the University of Manila in the Philippines, using his G.I. Bill benefits.[9] He played a First Air Cavalry chopper pilot in Apocalypse Now,[10] doubling as a technical advisor to director Francis Ford Coppola. Ermey then was cast as a Marine drill instructor in Sidney J. Furie's The Boys in Company C.

text: For the next few years, Ermey played a series of minor film roles until 1987, when he was cast as drill instructor Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket.[10] Initially, he was intended to be only the technical advisor.[10] Kubrick changed his mind after Ermey put together an instructional tape, in which he went on an extended tirade towards several extras, convincing Kubrick he was the right man for the role.[10] Seeking authenticity for the film, Kubrick allowed Ermey to write or edit his own dialogue and improvise on the set, a notable rarity in a Kubrick film.[11] Kubrick later indicated that Ermey was an excellent performer, often needing just two or three takes per scene, also unusual for a Kubrick film.[12] Ermey's performance won critical raves and he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Best Supporting Actor.

text: Ermey later played a drill instructor in the pilot episode of Space: Above and Beyond and the ghost of a drill instructor in the film The Frighteners, both similar to his character in Full Metal Jacket.[13] Ermey subsequently appeared in about 60 films, including Purple Hearts, Mississippi Burning, The Siege of Firebase Gloria, Dead Man Walking, Se7en, Fletch Lives, Leaving Las Vegas, Prefontaine, Saving Silverman, On Deadly Ground, Sommersby, Life, Man of the House, Toy Soldiers, and The Salton Sea, as well as the remake of Willard, and as an evil sadist in two The Texas Chainsaw Massacre films.

text: Ermey also lent his voice to The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Toy Story, Toy Story 2, and Toy Story 3, as well as Roughnecks and X-Men 3. He usually appeared in a commanding military role, for shows such as Kim Possible, The Simpsons, Family Guy, SpongeBob SquarePants, Miami Vice, House, Scrubs, My Life as a Teenage Robot, and Invader Zim. In addition he hosted the documentary series Mail Call and Lock n' Load with R. Lee Ermey.

text: Television[edit]

text: On December 14, 1994, Ermey played a sheriff in Tales from the Crypt, season six, episode nine, "Staired in Horror". He also played the role of Reverend Patrick Findley, a minister, on The X-Files season 3, episode 11, "Revelations".[14] On Mail Call, Ermey discussed weaponry, tactical matters, and military history. Mail Call's subject matter was dictated by viewer emails; one episode focused on an M1 Abrams tank, while others involved World War II secrets, and others focused on elements of medieval warfare. The set consisted of a military tent, other military gear and weapons, and a World War II jeep.

text: Ermey traveled to Kuwait in June 2003 during the first phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom to film mail distribution by the Defense Department to service personnel for an episode of Mail Call. According to a 2005 episode of Mail Call filmed at Whiteman Air Force Base, he was the 341st person to fly in the B-2 stealth bomber. He also guest-starred in the episode "Second Chance" of Human Target.

text: Ermey also made guest appearances on the television drama House, playing the role of Dr. Gregory House's father, who was a decorated naval aviator while serving in the Marine Corps ("Birthmarks", "Daddy's Boy"), and the sitcom Scrubs, playing the Janitor's father. He also voiced Wildcat in several episodes of Batman: The Brave and the Bold. In two episodes of The Simpsons entitled "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming" and "Waiting for Duffman", Ermey voiced Colonel Leslie "Hap" Hapablap.

text: In the episode of SpongeBob SquarePants "Inmates of Summer", he voiced an irate warden of a maximum-security island prison who demoralized the inmates whenever he could. In the episode of The Angry Beavers "Fancy Prance", he voiced the Lipizzaner stallions' instructor, Drill Sergeant Goonther.

text: In 2009, Ermey hosted a second History Channel show entitled Lock n' Load with R. Lee Ermey, which discussed the history of various weapons used by militaries of today.[15]

text: In late 2010, Ermey starred in a GEICO commercial as a drill-instructor-turned-therapist who insults a client, in a parody of some of his iconic characters.[10] Ermey was also featured each week on ESPN's College GameDay. His role was to insult the experts' incorrect picks from the previous week. In that same year, Ermey appeared in the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Trophy" as a paroled sex offender.

text: In 2011, Ermey starred as a drill instructor on the X-Play special on Bulletstorm. In the Family Guy episode "Grumpy Old Man", Ermey guest-starred, again as a drill instructor.[16]

text: Ermey served as host of GunnyTime, a program that debuted on Outdoor Channel in 2015.[17]

text: Video games[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 1993, Ermey played Lyle The Handyman in the full motion video game Mega-CD/Sega CD game Double Switch.

text: Ermey lent his voice to several video games, including Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel (as General Barnaky) and Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex (as Wa-Wa). He also made a cameo in Real War: Air, Land, Sea, a real-time strategy video game based on the official Joint Chiefs of Staff training game. In 2014, he did voice-over work for Call of Duty: Ghosts. His voice is also featured in the voice pack "Drill Instructor" for the Terran Republic in PlanetSide 2.[18]

text: Several characters have made references to Ermey and the character of Hartman. In the game Fallout 3, a recruitable companion is named Sergeant RL-3, a modified military robot with a personality very similar to Ermey (the companion's name is a reference to Ermey's initials wherein the 3 is leetspeak for the letter E). In the World of Warcraft: Cataclysm expansion is a character named "Lieutenant Emry" that speaks some of Ermey's signature lines from Full Metal Jacket. In Half-Life: Opposing Force, the drill sergeant from the initial boot camp stage had dialogue and mannerisms very similar to Ermey's character in Full Metal Jacket.

text: Commercials[edit]

text: Ermey was an official spokesman for Black Book (National Auto Research), Glock firearms, TRU-SPEC apparel, Tupperware, Victory Motorcycles, Hoover, SOG Specialty Knives, WD-40, Young Marines, and appeared in commercials for Coors Light, Dick's Sporting Goods, GEICO, and pistachio nuts. He provided the introduction for the Professional Bull Riders.[19] He can be seen giving a service announcement for Alamo Drafthouse Cinemas, demanding that viewers be quiet during the film.[20] He was a board member for the National Rifle Association.[21]

text: Business venture[edit]

text: Ermey was a co-founder of Bravery Brewing in Lancaster, California.[22]

text: Political views[edit]

text: Ermey described himself as an independent. In 2008, he voted for Barack Obama, but later mocked his policies.[4] Ermey said in an interview earlier in 2015 that he supported Texas Senator Ted Cruz for President. He said, "You know what, I just watched Ted Cruz — I mean, what a tough act to follow. I'm not going to tell you who I'm going to vote for, but I'm going to let you guess [...] and the first two guesses don't count!"[23]

text: Toys for Tots speech[edit]

text: On December 10, 2010, Ermey denounced the Obama administration's economic policies while speaking at a Marine Corps Reserve's Toys for Tots rally, stating that it was difficult to raise money for the charity, because "the economy sucks". He went on to say:

text: We should all rise up, and we should stop this administration from what they're doing because they're destroying this country. They're driving us into bankruptcy so that they can impose socialism on us, and that's exactly what they're doing, and I'm sick and damn tired of it and I know you are too.[24]

text: In January 2011, Ermey posted an apology on his Web site, saying:

text: I regret that I delivered a monologue that was inappropriately critical of the President. My comments were misguided and emotionally biased, and for that I am truly sorry.[25]

text: In spite of his apology, Ermey later told TMZ that he was fired by GEICO, for whom he made the above-mentioned 2010 "Drill Sergeant" commercial, because of his political beliefs.[26] The insurance giant also removed Ermey's commercial from their official YouTube channel.[citation needed]

text: Ermey subsequently stated that his anti-Obama views had caused him to be blacklisted by Hollywood, resulting in a lack of new film roles for him.[1]

text: Ermey knew Donald Trump Jr., and stated that he was confident that should Donald Trump become president, "our Second Amendment rights are solid as a rock".[27]

text: Military appearances[edit]

text: On May 17, 2002, Ermey received an honorary post-service promotion to gunnery sergeant (E-7) from the Commandant of the Marine Corps General James L. Jones in recognition of his continuing support to Americans in military service.[8]

text: He conducted morale tours, visiting United States troops in locations such as Al Kut, Iraq, and Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, in which he filmed parts for his television show Mail Call. While at Bagram Airfield, he held a USO-type show in which he portrayed GySgt Hartman and conducted a comedy routine. He also did the same at Doha, Qatar and Camp Doha, Kuwait City, Kuwait, in 2003.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Ermey married his wife, Nila, in 1975. They had four children together.[28]

text: Death[edit]

text: Ermey died at a hospital in Santa Monica, California from complications related to pneumonia on the morning of April 15, 2018. He was 74 years old.[29][30] His funeral was held in Arlington National Cemetery.

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: Ermey was retroactively awarded the Marine Corps Drill Instructor Ribbon after he retired from the military due to his prior service as a Marine Corps recruit training instructor. Ermey's military awards included:[31]

text:
1st row
Meritorious Unit Commendation
Good Conduct Medal w/ two 3⁄16" bronze stars
National Defense Service Medal

2nd row
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
Vietnam Service Medal w/ one 3⁄16" silver star
South Vietnamese Presidential Unit Citation

3rd row
Marine Corps Drill Instructor Ribbon
South Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm
South Vietnamese Campaign Medal with 1960-Device

Badges
Rifle Marksman Badge
Pistol Sharpshooter Badge

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Ermey appeared in the following films:[32]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1978
The Boys in Company C
Staff Sergeant Loyce (Drill Instructor, Platoon 163)

1979
Apocalypse Now
Eagle Thrust Seven helicopter pilot
Uncredited

Up from the Depths
Lee

1984
Purple Hearts
Gunny

1987
Full Metal Jacket
Gunnery Sergeant Hartman
One of the rare performances Stanley Kubrick ever allowed to be improvised
Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Credited as "Lee Ermey"

Miami Vice
Detective Sergeant Ernest Haskell
Guest star
Episode: "Rising Sun of Death"

1988
Mississippi Burning
Mayor Tilman

1989
The Siege of Firebase Gloria
Sergeant Major Bill Hafner / Narrator
Uncredited screenwriter

Fletch Lives
Jimmy Lee Farnsworth

1990
Demonstone
Colonel Joe Haines

The Rift
Captain Phillips
Also known as Endless Descent

The Take
Weller
Television film

I'm Dangerous Tonight
Lieutenant Ackman
Television film

Kid
Luke

83 Hours 'Til Dawn
Glen Fairling
Television film

1991
The Terror Within II
Von Demming

Toy Soldiers
General Kramer

True Identity
Houston's Boss
Uncredited

1993
Hexed
Detective Ferguson

Sommersby
Dick Mead

Body Snatchers
General Platt

The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.
Marshal Brisco County Senior

Double Switch
Lyle (the handyman)
Video Game
Credited as R. Lee Emrey in the Mega-CD / Sega CD version

1994
French Silk
Chief Crowder
Television film

Chain of Command
Benjamin Brewster

On Deadly Ground
Stone

Rise and Walk: The Dennis Byrd Story
Mr. Byrd
Uncredited
Television film

Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult
Mess Hall Guard
Uncredited

Love Is a Gun
Frank Deacon

1995
Murder in the First
Judge Clawson

Savate
Benedict
Short
Uncredited

Best of the Best 3: No Turning Back
Preacher Brian
Uncredited

Seven
Police Captain

Leaving Las Vegas
Conventioneer

Space: Above and Beyond
Sergeant Major Bougus
Television film

Under the Hula Moon
Lt. Col. J. P. McIntire

Toy Story
Sarge
Voice

The X-Files
Reverend Findley
Episode: "Revelations"

Dead Man Walking
Clyde Percy

Kidnapped
Frank
Television film

The Simpsons
Colonel Leslie "Hap" Hapablap
Voice
Episode: "Sideshow Bob's Last Gleaming"

1996
Soul of the Game
Wilkie
Television film

The Frighteners
The late Master Sergeant Hiles

1997
Prefontaine
Bill Bowerman

Dead Men Can't Dance
Sen. Pullman T. Fowler

Weapons of Mass Distraction
Billy Paxton
Television film

Switchback
Sheriff Buck Olmstead

The Angry Beavers
Sergeant Goonther
Voice
Episode: "Fancy Prance/H2Whoa!"

Starship Troopers
News Announcer
Voice
Uncredited

Rough Riders
Secretary of State John Hay
TV mini-series

1997-1999
Cracker
Lieutenant Fry
TV series

1998
The Sender
Colonel Rosewater

Gunshy
Jerry

1999
You Know My Name
Nix
Television film

Life
Older Sheriff Pike

Avalanche
Gary

Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot
General Thorton
TV series

The Apartment Complex
Frank Stanton
Television film

Toy Story 2
Sarge
Voice

1999-2000
Roughnecks: STC
Sky Marshall Sanchez

2000
The Chaos Factor
Col. Ben Wilder

Skipped Parts
Caspar Callahan

Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins
Sarge
Voice
Direct-to-video film

Jericho
Marshall

2001
Saving Silverman
Coach Norton

Recess: School's Out
Colonel O'Malley
Voice

Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel
General Barnaky
Voice
Video game

Real War: Rogue States

Voice
Video game

Real War: Air, Land, Sea

Megiddo: The Omega Code 2
President Richard Benson

Scenes of the Crime
Mr. Parker

Family Guy
Coach
Voice
Episode: "Mr. Saturday Knight"

Taking Sides
General Wallace

On the Borderline
Captain Elias

Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex
Wa-Wa the Water Elemental
Voice
Video game, credited as R. Lee Ermy

2002
Run Ronnie Run!
Lead Kidnapper

The Salton Sea
Verne Plummer

Scrubs
Janitor's father
Guest star
Episode: "My Old Man"

Frank McKlusky, C.I.
Jockey Master
Uncredited
Direct-to-video

Invader Zim
Sergeant Hobo 678
Voice
Episode: "HOBO 13/Walk for Your Lives"

History Channel's Mail Call
Gunny, Himself
TV series

A.K.A. Birdseye
Sheriff Gathers

2003
Willard
Frank Martin

Fillmore!
Colonel Thrift
Voice, Guest star
Episode: "South of Friendship, North of Honor"

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre
Sheriff Hoyt
Nominated – Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Supporting Actor

Kim Possible
General Sims
Voice

2004
Y.M.I.
John

The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
Drill Sergeant
Voice
Episode: "Bully Boogie/Here Thar Be Dwarves"

Father of the Pride
Sergeant Bunny
Voice
Episode: "One Man's Meat Is Another Man's Girlfriend"

2005
House
John House
Episode: "Daddy's Boy"

Man of the House
Captain Nichols

2006
X-Men: The Last Stand
Sergeant
Voice

Shark Bait
Jack
Voice

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning
Charlie Hewitt / Sheriff Hoyt

2007
SpongeBob SquarePants
Prison Warden
Voice
Episode: "The Inmates of Summer"

2008
Solstice
Leonard

House
John House
Uncredited
Episode: "Birthmarks"

Eleventh Hour
Bob Henson, Farmer
Episode: "Agro"

2009
History Channel's Lock n' Load with R. Lee Ermey
Himself
TV series

2009-2011
Batman: The Brave and the Bold
Wildcat
Voice
TV series

2010
Toy Story 3
Sarge
Voice

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Walter Burlock
Episode: "Trophy"

2011
Family Guy
Drill Sergeant with Alzheimer's Disease
Voice
Episode: "Grumpy Old Man"

2012
The Watch
Manfred

2012-2015
Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness
General Tsin (The Most Dangerous Po)
Voice
TV series

2015
GunnyTime
Gunny, Himself
TV series

The Simpsons
Colonel Leslie "Hap" Hapablap
Voice
Episode: "Waiting for Duffman"

2016
Military Makeover
Gunny, Himself
TV series[33]

text: Other media[edit]

text:
Ermey recorded voice lines for a "talking" 12-inch tall "motivational action figure" depicting him in USMC drill instructor uniform, which replays his signature put-downs with the press of an electronic button on the back. Sideshow Collectibles manufactured the figure in two versions, one with (somewhat) family-friendly language and one with "extra-salty" remarks that include profanity; the latter is packaged with an R rating as a warning to consumers. One of these figures appears occasionally on Mail Call, wherein it is often referred to as 'Mini-Lee' by the host, and is sometimes seen berating a G.I. Joe.
In the early 1990s, he appeared as a Martian pilot in a training video for Virtual World Entertainment's game Red Planet.
In the Green Lantern series of comics published by DC, it is revealed that Green Lantern Kilowog, who trains all new Green Lantern recruits, was in turn trained by a Green Lantern named Ermey.
He had a notable appearance on The Howard Stern Show in October 2002, appearing on the show as Sgt. Hartman.
He provided the voice of the DLC drill instructor in Call of Duty: Ghosts.
He starred in an instructional training video for Lockheed Martin dealing with the problems caused by Foreign Object Damage in manufacturing military equipment.


document_title: Asad

question_text: what is the meaning of asad in arabic

question_tokens: what is the meaning of asad in arabic

text: Asad

text:
Asadullah Ghouri

An Asiatic Lion

Pronunciation
Arabic: [ʔasad]

Gender
Male

Language(s)
Arabic

Origin

Meaning
Lion

Region of origin
Middle East

Other names

Alternative spelling
Assad

text: Asad (Arabic: أسد), sometimes written as Assad, is one of many Arabic male given names meaning "lion", each denoting some aspect of the animal. It is used in nicknames such as Asad Allāh one of the nicknames for Ali ibn Abi Talib.

text: "Assad" is the standard spelling in English, to keep the hissing 's' sound; "Asad" is the more accurate transliteration, corresponding to the Arabic spelling, and is used by scholars.

text: People[edit]

text: Among prominent people named Asad or "Assad" are:

text:
Audrey Assad, an American singer-songwriter and Contemporary Christian music artist
Asadullah (disambiguation), meaning Lion of God, may refer to several people
Asad ibn Hashim, maternal grandfather of Ali ibn Abi Talib
Asad ibn Saman, an early Samanid
Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza, early Islamic historical figure

Khuwaylid ibn Asad, his son, father-in-law of Muhammad

Asad ibn al-Furat (759-828) a jurist and theologian
Muhammad Asad, born Leopold Weiss, influential 20th-century writer and political theorist
Talal Asad, anthropologist, son of Muhammad Asad
Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan, a famous Urdu and Persian poet of India
Clarice Assad, a classical and jazz composer, arranger, pianist, and vocalist
Asad (tribe), an Arabic Adnanite tribe cousins of Muhammad
Warqa Ibn Naufal Ibn Asad, a Muslim ancestor from the same time period as the kuffar
Asaduddin Owaisi, a politician from Hyderabad
Asad Umar, a Pakistani lawmaker and former politician
Asad Shafiq, a Pakistan Test cricketer
Mohammed Asad Ullah Sayeed, former IAS officer from Hyderabad
María de Lourdes Dieck-Assad, Lebanese-Mexican Economist

text: Al-Assad family[edit]

text: The Al-Assad family is an Alawite family from the Latakia region (specifically Qardaha), which has held political power in Syria since 1970. The family has produced two presidents:

text:
Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria 1970–2000
Bashar al-Assad, current President of Syria and belligerent in the Syrian Civil War

text: Other family members include:

text:
Basil al-Assad
Rifaat al-Assad
Jamil al-Assad
Maher al-Assad
Bushra al-Assad


document_title: Top Chef (season 15)

question_text: who won last chance kitchen joe or brother

text: Top Chef (season 15)

text: Contestants[edit]

text: Top Chef: Colorado features a cast of 15 new contestants.[1] In addition, four returning competitors from previous seasons competed in the Last Chance Kitchen for the opportunity to enter the main competition: Top Chef: San Francisco contestant Lee Anne Wong, Top Chef: Los Angeles runner-up and All-Stars contestant Marcel Vigneron, Top Chef: California contestant Kwame Onwuachi, and Top Chef: Las Vegas finalist and All-Stars contestant Jennifer Carroll.[5] Following the sixth episode of Last Chance Kitchen, Wong was selected to join the main cast.

text: New contestants[edit]

text:
Name[1]
Current Residence

Fatima Ali
New York, New York

Tyler Anderson
Simsbury, Connecticut

Carrie Baird
Denver, Colorado

Adrienne Cheatham
New York, New York

Laura Cole
Denali National Park, Alaska

Joseph Flamm
Chicago, Illinois

Rogelio Garcia
San Francisco, California

Tanya Holland
Oakland, California

Bruce Kalman
Los Angeles, California

Brother Luck
Colorado Springs, Colorado

Melissa Perfit
San Francisco, California

Tu David Phu
Oakland, California

Joe Sasto III
Los Angeles, California

Christopher "Chris" Scott
Brooklyn, New York

Claudette Zepeda-Wilkins
San Diego, California

text: Returning contestants[edit]

text:
Name[5]
Current Residence
Season(s)

Jennifer Carroll
Washington, D.C.
Season 6, 8

Kwame Onwuachi
Washington, D.C.
Season 13

Marcel Vigneron
Los Angeles, California
Season 2, 8

Lee Anne Wong
Honolulu, Hawaii
Season 1

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Quickfire Challenge
Winner(s)
Tu
Joseph
Brother
Adrienne
N/A
Chris
Carrie
N/A
Carrie1
Chris1
Carrie1
Joe1
Joseph1
N/A

Contestant
Elimination Challenge Results

1
Joseph
IN
IN
IN
LOW
IN
IN
HIGH
WIN
OUT5

HIGH6
IN
WIN
WINNER

2
Adrienne
LOW
LOW
LOW
IN
IN
LOW
IN
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
WIN
LOW
RUNNER-UP

3
Joe
IN
IN
WIN
HIGH
IN
LOW
WIN
LOW
LOW
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

4
Carrie
LOW
WIN
IN
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
HIGH
WIN
HIGH
LOW
OUT

5
Chris
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
WIN
LOW
IN
LOW
LOW
WIN
LOW
OUT

6
Bruce
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
WIN
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
OUT

7
Fatima
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
IN
LOW
OUT

8
Claudette
IN
OUT

IN3
HIGH
LOW
OUT

9
Tanya
IN
HIGH
IN
HIGH
LOW
WIN
OUT

10
Brother
IN
IN
LOW
IN
IN
OUT

11
Lee Anne

HIGH3
WD4

12
Tu
IN
IN
LOW
IN
OUT

13
Tyler
WIN
LOW
HIGH
OUT

14
Rogelio
IN
LOW
OUT

15
Laura
IN
HIGH
OUT2

16
Melissa
OUT

text:
^Note 1 : The chef(s) did not receive immunity for winning the Quickfire Challenge.
^Note 2 : Laura lost the Sudden Death Quickfire Challenge and was eliminated.
^Note 3 : Following Episode 6 of Last Chance Kitchen, Claudette rejoined the competition and Lee Anne was introduced as a regular competitor.
^Note 4 : Due to severe altitude sickness, Lee Anne voluntarily withdrew from the competition.
^Note 5 : Joseph lost the Sudden Death Quickfire Challenge and was eliminated.
^Note 6 : Joseph won Last Chance Kitchen and returned to the competition.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date

218
1
"It'll Take More than Pot Luck"
December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07)

Quickfire Challenge: To introduce themselves to the judges and their fellow competitors, the chefs had to create a dish for a potluck. The contestants then voted for their most and least favorite dishes. The winner received immunity from elimination.

WINNER: Tu (Corn Salpicon)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs were tasked with putting a modern spin on a meat and potatoes dish. The dishes were served to 200 Denver locals at a block party located in Larimer Square.

WINNER: Tyler (Sweet Potato Purée with Crispy Potatoes & Smoked Pork Gravy)
ELIMINATED: Melissa (Yukon Potato Purée with Braised Pork Shoulder & Fennel Salad)

219
2
"Smile and Say Mise"
December 14, 2017 (2017-12-14)

Quickfire Challenge: Divided into two teams, the chefs competed in the series' traditional mise en place relay race. The race consisted of three tasks: peel and brunoise shallots; peel, destem, and slice mushrooms; and butcher twenty pieces of beef tenderloin. The members of the winning team then competed against each other, cooking dishes using the three prepped ingredients. The winner received immunity from elimination, US$5,000, and a year's supply of Blue Apron dinners. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Troy Guard.

WINNER: Joseph (Shallot, Mushroom & Ginger-Marinated Tenderloin with Peppers)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs, remaining in the same teams from the Quickfire Challenge, were required to prepare a four-course meal which incorporated four different cheeses. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Alex Seidel.

WINNER: Carrie (Potato & Ricotta Dumpling with Butter Sauce & Hazelnut Relish)
ELIMINATED: Claudette (Smoked Trout with Cacio Pecora, Trout Skin Chips & Zucchini)

220
3
"Keep on Truckin"
December 21, 2017 (2017-12-21)

Sudden Death Quickfire Challenge: The chefs deconstructed the Denver omelette. The winner received immunity from elimination. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Lachlan Mackinnon-Patterson.

WINNER: Brother (Smoked Duck Egg with Red Pepper Gastrique, Cheddar & Ham Tempura & Pepper Salad)

Sudden Death Cook-Off: Laura, Rogelio, and Tanya, who made the judges' least favorite dishes, competed against each other in a sudden death cook-off, where they had to make the perfect French omelette. The loser was immediately eliminated from the competition.

ELIMINATED: Laura (Mascarpone & Tarragon Omelette)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs, separated into teams of three, had to create a food truck concept with a cohesive three-item menu, which would be served to 150 college students. Each diner was provided a ticket to exchange at one food truck; the team who received the most tickets was safe from elimination. The guest judge for the challenge was Top Chef: New York winner Hosea Rosenberg.

WINNER: Joe ("Sticky Licky" Chicken Wings with Sake & Kale)
ELIMINATED: Rogelio ("Nibble On Your Ear" Elote Salad with Queso Fresco & Pepitas)

221
4
"Little Tools, Big Challenge"
December 28, 2017 (2017-12-28)

Quickfire Challenge: The chefs elevated items from a traditional kids' menu; they were also limited to using kids-sized kitchen equipment. The winner received immunity from elimination. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Curtis Stone.

WINNER: Adrienne (Cauliflower Crust Pizza with Ricotta Spread, Tomato Compote & Fried Quail Egg)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs created dishes inspired by their heritage and backgrounds. The guest judge for the challenge was Food & Wine contributor Nilou Motamed.

WINNER: Chris (Lemonade-Fried Chicken with Collard Greens, Buttermilk Biscuits & Hot Sauce)
ELIMINATED: Tyler (Spiced Tri-Tip with Swedish Potato Pancake, Swedish Meatballs & Pico de Gallo)

222
5
"This Is Not Glamping"
January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04)

Elimination Challenge: While camping outside near the mountains of Estes Park, the chefs had to create a meal using only camping equipment and ingredients native to Colorado. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Naomi Pomeroy. Prior to the challenge, Claudette and Lee Anne were selected by head judge Colicchio to join the main competition, following their wins in Episode 6 of Last Chance Kitchen.

WINNER: Bruce (Egg Yolk Cavatelli, Wild Boar Sugo, Roasted Ramps, Carrots & Fresh Ricotta)
ELIMINATED: Tu (Rabbit Three Ways: Soy-Poached Hind Leg with Carrot Duxelles, Loin Medallions, Fried Foreleg with Szechuan Gastrique)

223
6
"Now That's a Lot of Schnitzel"
January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11)

Quickfire Challenge: The chefs had to cook one of the most complicated dishes from their restaurants' menus in only 30 minutes. The winner received immunity from elimination and had their recipe featured in a BuzzFeed Tasty video. The guest judge for the challenge was Top Chef: All-Stars winner Richard Blais.

WINNER: Chris (Pepper Pot Shrimp with Jerk Spice, Peppers & Onions)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs were responsible for elevating traditional German cuisine. In addition, each contestant had to create their own original radler to pair with their dish. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Keegan Gerhard.

WINNER: Tanya (Peach & Ginger Radler with Pork Apple Croquettes in Cheddar Mustard Sauce)
ELIMINATED: Brother (Chai Tea Radler with Summer Sausage Egg Roll, Bok Choy, Apple & Potato)
WITHDREW: Lee Anne

224
7
"Olympic Dreams"
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)

Quickfire Challenge: The chefs made breakfast dishes featuring Nutella. The winner received immunity from elimination and US$5,000. The guest judge for the challenge was Top Chef: Charleston winner Brooke Williamson.

WINNER: Carrie (Eggs Benedict with Nutella, Strawberry Habanero Jam & Hollandaise)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs participated in a team challenge inspired by the 2018 Winter Olympics. In teams of three, the contestants competed head-to-head in three rounds showcasing speed, precision, and creativity. The dishes were served in the Top Chef kitchen, which was converted into an arena setting, to 70 diners, including Olympians Meryl Davis, Gus Kenworthy, and John Daly. In the speed round, the chefs had to feed 30 diners in 45 minutes. In the precision round, the chefs had to cook a protein to the perfect temperature and compose their dish using three knife cut techniques: chiffonade, bâtonnet, and brunoise. In the creativity round, the chefs had to produce the most creative dish possible using a mystery protein. The team with the lowest combined score after all three rounds faced elimination. The guest judge for the challenge was originally chef John Besh. However, following numerous sexual harassment allegations against him in late 2017, Bravo made the decision to edit Besh out of the episode.[6][7]

WINNER: Joe (Beef Short Rib Casoncelli with Carrots & Ramps)
ELIMINATED: Tanya (North African Leg of Lamb with Chiffonade Collard Greens, Couscous, Shallot Brunoise, Glazed Carrot & Zucchini Bâtonnet)

225
8
"Restaurant Wars"
January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs competed in Top Chef's traditional Restaurant Wars challenge. The contestants, split into two teams, were responsible for transforming an empty space into a fully functioning pop-up restaurant within 24 hours. As usual, the teams were required to cook three-course meals; however, instead of two options, they had to create three options per course, resulting in nine total dishes. To help with the increased workload, each team was allowed to select one sous chef from the pool of previously eliminated chefs. The winning team received US$40,000. The guest judges for the challenge were chefs Bruce Bromberg and Eric Bromberg.

Conifer: Adrienne, Bruce, Carrie, Joseph

First Course:

Hiramasa Crudo, Diced Cucumber, Pickled Green Almond & Neonata Oil (Joseph)
Local Kale Salad with Beets Three Ways: Raisined, Roasted & Pickled (Carrie)
Braised Pork Meatball with Polenta, Amatriciana Sauce, Parmigiano Reggiano & House Giardiniera (Bruce)

Second Course:

Roasted Duck Breast, Corn Purée, Roasted Apricots & Duck Jus (Joseph)
Red Pepper Orecchiette with Lamb Sausage, Fava Beans, Pea & Fava Shoots (Bruce)
Colorado Sea Bass, Wheat Berries, Port Reduction, Chive Oil & Pickled Cauliflower (Adrienne)

Third Course:

Apple Upside-Down Cake, Apricot, Apple Butter Bourbon Glaze (Bruce)
Lemon Curd, Sugar Cookie, Mint Gelée (Carrie)
Caramelized White Chocolate Buttermilk Cake with Crème Fraîche Ice Cream (Adrienne)

Common Place: Chris, Claudette, Fatima, Joe

First Course:

Top Round Tartare, Three Pepper Aoili & Sweet Potato Chips (Fatima)
Shigoku Oysters with Spring Pea Foam & Kombucha Pickled Rhubarb (Joe)
Chicken Purse with Charred Spring Onion in Chicken Broth (Joe)

Second Course:

Bone Marrow with Blue Prawns, Avocado Purée, Tomatillos, Chili Peppers & Peanuts (Claudette)
Ricotta Dumplings with Mushrooms, Charred Broccoli & Broccoli Flowers (Joe)
Braised Pork Shoulder & Cheek with Amaranth, Quinoa, Millet Grain Cake & Horseradish Cream (Chris)

Third Course:

Beet Donut, Chocolate Cream Ganache, Beet Fennel Chutney (Chris)
Sundae, Financier, Berry Sauce, Smoked & Toasted Almonds (Claudette)
Skyr with Miso Chickpeas, White Chocolate Caramelized Crumble & Pickled Cherries (Claudette)

WINNER: Joseph
ELIMINATED: Claudette

226
9
"Bronco Brouhaha"
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)

Sudden Death Quickfire Challenge: The chefs incorporated edible flowers into their dishes. Beginning with this challenge, immunity from elimination was no longer awarded to the winner. The guest judge for the challenge was chef David Kinch.

WINNER: Carrie ("Fancy Toast": Lavender, Fig & Goat Cheese Toast with Candied Pecans)

Sudden Death Cook-Off: Chris, Joe, and Joseph, who made the judges' least favorite dishes, competed against each other in a sudden death cook-off. Their dishes were required to substitute one ingredient with cauliflower. The loser was immediately eliminated from the competition.

ELIMINATED: Joseph (Purple Cauliflower Risotto with Caramelized Cauliflower Purée & Pickled Romanesco Broccoli)

Elimination Challenge: Working in teams of two, the chefs had to create one plate of food for a tailgate Super Bowl party at Sports Authority Field at Mile High. The winners each received a trip for two to Super Bowl LII. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Adam Perry Lang.

WINNERS: Carrie and Chris (Pork Green Chili Poutine with Stadium Fries)
ELIMINATED: Fatima ("Blue & Orange" Nachos with Achiote Rubbed Chicken, Black Lentils, Cheese Sauce & Peach Habanero Salsa)

227
10
"Red Rum and Then Some"
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)

Quickfire Challenge: The chefs traveled to The Stanley Hotel, where they crafted desserts visualizing their worst nightmares.

WINNER: Chris ("Pushed From 12,000 Feet": Chocolate Buttermilk Cake with Sour Cream, Black Salt & Marzipan)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs were tasked with creating dishes that embodied their culinary journeys on Top Chef. The dishes were served at the Colorado Governor's Mansion to a table of guests, including Governor of Colorado John Hickenlooper. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Frank Bonanno.

WINNER: Joe (Lamb Agnolotti with Beets, Hazelnuts & Cacio Pecora Cheese)
ELIMINATED: Bruce (Roasted Duck with Toasted Barley & Corn, Topped with Salsify)

228
11
"Cooking High"
February 15, 2018 (2018-02-15)

Quickfire Challenge: The chefs served gastropub-inspired dishes featuring sarsaparilla. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Wylie Dufresne.

WINNER: Carrie ("Top of the French Onion Soup" with Sarsaparilla-Deglazed Onions & Beef Stock)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs had to create high concept dishes under high-altitude cooking conditions. The dishes were served at Alpino Vino, the highest elevation restaurant in North America, which sits at approximately 12,000 feet (3.7 km) above sea level. Each chef was also required to include a baking element to their dish. The guest judges for the challenge were chefs Wylie Dufresne and Paul Liebrandt.

WINNER: Joe (Roasted Duck with Spring Peas, Cherry Jam & Kombucha Cherry Puffs)
ELIMINATED: Chris (Crispy Black Pepper Quail with Corn Pudding, Butternut Squash, Maple & Bacon Cornbread)

229
12
"Nut Allergy"
February 22, 2018 (2018-02-22)

Quick Fire Challenge: The chefs had to create a dish with Rocky Mountain oysters prepared two ways. The guest judges for the challenge were Top Chef: Las Vegas winner Michael Voltaggio and his brother Bryan Voltaggio. The winner received an advantage in the following Elimination Challenge.

WINNER: Joe (Cornflake-Breaded Rocky Mountain Oysters, White Bean Purée & Brown Butter Braised Rocky Mountain Oysters)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs were greeted by their family members at a surprise reunion. After enjoying a meal served by the contestants' family, the chefs were instructed to take the dish cooked by their relative and elevate it to the next level. As the winner of the Quickfire Challenge, Joe received an extra 30 minutes of prep time.

WINNER: Adrienne ("Mom's Gumbo" Butter-Poached King Crab Leg & Shrimp with Trinity, Fried Andouille Chips & Rice)
ELIMINATED: Carrie (Beef Stroganoff Raviolo with Buffalo Sausage, Mushroom Duxelle, Herbed Crème Fraîche & Caramelized Onions)

230
13
"A Little Place Called Aspen"
March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)

Quick Fire Challenge: The chefs had to go fly fishing, catch a trout, and cook a dish within the allotted time frame. The guest judge for the challenge was Top Chef Masters Season 4 winner Chris Cosentino. The winner received an advantage in the following Elimination Challenge.

WINNER: Joseph (Pan-Seared Trout, Black Garlic Beurre Blanc with Fennel, Mushrooms, Asparagus & Bread Crumbs)

Elimination Challenge: The chefs served vegetarian dishes to various chefs and food connoisseurs attending the Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, including Brooke Williamson, Danny Meyer, Bryan Voltaggio, Michael Voltaggio, Ludo Lefebvre, Scott Conant, and Tim Love. To help with the challenge, each contestant received the assistance of one of the three most recently eliminated competitors: Carrie, Chris, and Bruce. As the winner of the Quickfire Challenge, Joseph was able to select his own sous chef and assign his opponents'. He selected Carrie for himself, Bruce for Adrienne, and Chris for Joe. The guest judge for the challenge was chef Daniel Boulud.

WINNER: Joseph (Grilled Baby Zucchini Topped with Hazelnut Zucchini Pesto, Mushroom Vinaigrette, Goat Cheese & Raw Asparagus Salad)
ELIMINATED: Joe (Beet Carpaccio with Beet Yogurt, Green Bean Tomato Vinaigrette & Sourdough Bread)

231
14
"Finale"
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)

Elimination Challenge: The finalists had to create the best four-course progressive meal of their lives. Each finalist received help from two sous chefs, consisting of previously eliminated contestants. Adrienne was assisted by Chris and Carrie, while Joseph was assisted by Joe and Fatima. The guest judges for the challenge were Jonathan Waxman, Nancy Silverton, and Curtis Duffy.

Adrienne:

First Course: Spoon Bread, Sea Urchin, Buttermilk Dashi, Ham, Caviar & Wheat Tuile
Second Course: Blackened Octopus with Squid Ink Grits & Fennel Chow-Chow
Third Course: Cheerwine-Braised Short Rib, Black Eyed Peas with Ham Hock & Cheerwine Bone Marrow Bordelaise
Fourth Course: Banana Pudding with Yuzu, Banana Spears & Vanilla Wafers

Joseph:

First Course: "Tonno Vitellato" - Raw Tuna with Veal Demi Aioli, Smoked Wagyu Powder & Capers
Second Course: "Tortellini En Brodo" - Grano Arso Tortellini, Pig Head, Apple, Black Truffle & Braising Liquid Broth
Third Course: "Manzo Di Colorado" - Roasted Beef Ribeye with Roasted Asparagus & Smoked Bone Marrow Sauce
Fourth Course: "Torta Della Nonna" - Brown Sugar Cake, Whipped Ricotta, Blueberry Thyme Sauce & Chocolate Shards

WINNER: Joseph
RUNNER-UP: Adrienne

text: Last Chance Kitchen[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

1
"Catch Me Up...Quick!"
November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30)

Challenge: The four returning Top Chef contestants had to create a dish that represented their current ventures as a chef. In addition, the contestants had to agree upon five ingredients which they would all have to incorporate into their dishes; they chose cauliflower, lamb, serrano peppers, fennel, and olives. Only three contestants would move on to compete against the first eliminated chef from the main cast.

Jennifer: Lamb Croquettes, Crème Fraîche with Gochujang & Lemon Zest
Kwame: Moroccan Lamb Stew, Castelvetrano Olives, Cashews, Fennel
Lee Anne: Cauliflower Soup, Ground Lamb & Flatbread
Marcel: Vadouvan Lamb Rack, Olive, Pine Nuts, Fennel Fronds, Fennel Pollen & Roasted Cauliflower

WINNER: Lee Anne
ELIMINATED: Jennifer

2
"All of a Spudden"
December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07)

Challenge: The chefs had to create a dish featuring potatoes.

Kwame: Potato Écrasé, Potato Crumble, Lemon, Smoked Paprika, Crispy Pancetta
Lee Anne: Herb, Kale & Potato Purée, Crispy Potato Batonnet, Potato Ring, Seared Scallop & Andouille Sausage
Marcel: French Fry Potato with Aji Amarillo Sauce
Melissa: Pan-Seared Salmon, Confit Fingerling Potatoes, Yukon Gold Potato Chips, Chive Oil with Lemon

WINNER: Marcel
ELIMINATED: Melissa

3
"Miss Muffet's Favorite"
December 14, 2017 (2017-12-14)

Challenge: Inspired by the Little Miss Muffet nursery rhyme, the chefs had to create a dish using cheese curds, whey, and dried zebra tarantulas.

Claudette: Ha Sikil Pak, Fried Sweet Potato Skins & Tarantula
Kwame: Grilled Flatbread with Whey Sauce & Cheese Curds, Crispy Tarantula
Lee Anne: Crispy Tarantula over "Grime Time" of Fried Curds & Piquillo Pepper Compote, Whey Honey Vinaigrette
Marcel: Fresh Mozzarella, Heirloom Tomato, Whey Emulsion, Prosciutto, Tarantula Gremolata

WINNER: Claudette
ELIMINATED: Marcel

4
"Two Wrongs"
December 21, 2017 (2017-12-21)

Challenge: The chefs were shown seven baskets filled with unusual pairings of ingredients: vanilla beans and pickles, strawberries and garlic, liquorice and peanut butter, sour candy and gochujang, bonito flakes and chocolate, bananas and capers, and coffee and anchovy paste. Each contestant had to select one basket and create a cohesive dish using their ingredients, attempting to turn "two wrongs into a right". Following the judging, two chefs were eliminated.

Claudette (Bonito Flakes & Chocolate): Seared Venison with Raspberry Mole
Kwame (Bananas & Capers): Nigerian Red Pepper Chicken Stew, Plantain Chips, Pickled Pepper & Crispy Capers
Laura (Strawberries & Garlic): Black Garlic Roasted Halibut with Strawberry, Heirloom Tomato & Garlic Salsa
Lee Anne (Vanilla & Pickles): Veracruz Chicken with Dried Chiles, Vanilla, Orange & Grapefruit Juice, Cucumber Salsa
Rogelio (Sour Candy & Gochujang): Sour Candy-Marinated Tuna, Fennel, Apple, Pepper & Red Onion Escabeche

WINNER: Claudette
ELIMINATED: Laura and Rogelio

5
"All in Your Head"
December 28, 2017 (2017-12-28)

Challenge (Part 1): In the first round of a two-part challenge, the chefs had to create dishes using animal heads.

Claudette: Taco de Lengua - Pork Tongue Taco with Mushrooms, Cabbage Slaw, Salsa Verde
Kwame: Traditional Thai Curry with Salmon, Garlic Chips & Flat Bread
Lee Anne: Braised & Fried Halibut Cheek, Sautéed Vegetables, Lamb & Black Bean Sauce
Tyler: Pork Cheek Braised in Brown Butter Currant Sauce, Sweet Potato Purée, Spaghetti Squash

WINNER: Kwame
ELIMINATED: Tyler

6
"Cook with Your Guts"
December 28, 2017 (2017-12-28)

Challenge (Part 2): In the second round of a two-part challenge, the chefs had to create dishes using the innards of various animals. The winners of the challenge earned spots in the main competition.

Claudette: Picadillo Tetela with Chicken Livers & Cherries, Chintextle (Oaxacan Mother Sauce)
Kwame: Chicken Heart Sofrito with Crispy Shallots, Confit Potatoes, Potato Tostones & Chicken Gremolata
Lee Anne: Beef Liver Dumplings with Garlic, Shallots, Shoyu, Ginger & Chili Oil

WINNERS: Claudette and Lee Anne
ELIMINATED: Kwame

7
"Make Like a Tree and Leaf"
January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11)

Challenge: The chefs made dishes highlighting the flavors and textures of the unconventionally eaten parts of the tree, such as spruce tips, pine tips, curry leaves, and kaffir lime leaves.

Brother: Pork Chop with Avocado Leaf Ash & Guajillo Chilis, Lime & Jalapeño Syrup, Charred Pineapple & Mango
Tu: Chicken Curry, Curry Leaves, Bay Leaves & Kaffir Lime Leaves

WINNER: Brother
ELIMINATED: Tu

8
"Speed Round"
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)

Challenge: The chefs were allowed to cook any dish, but were only given ten minutes to do so.

Brother: Seared Trout, Chorizo Vinaigrette & Cauliflower Purée
Tanya: Blackened Salmon with Romesco Sauce

WINNER: Brother
ELIMINATED: Tanya

9
"Last Last Chance"
January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)

Challenge: The chefs had to create dishes using produce that has gone bad; they were also restricted from using any proteins.

Brother: Grilled Artichoke, Charred Eggplant Purée, Miso, Nutmeg, Morels, Confit of Tomatoes & Chive
Claudette: Plantain Molotes, Heirloom Tomato Caldillo, Cabbage Avocado Slaw with Crema

WINNER: Brother
ELIMINATED: Claudette

10
"Ultimate Top Chef Taco Bar"
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)

Challenge: The chefs put their own spin on tacos. Instead of creating the entire dish themselves, the chefs had to lay out the components for their tacos and allow Colicchio, as well as the other eliminated contestants, to build their own. In addition, at least one component had to incorporate Hidden Valley ranch seasoning.

Brother: Borracho Beans, Roasted Tomato Salsa, Grilled Carne Asada, Cotija Corn, Pickled Poblanos, Ranch Chipotle Crema
Fatima: Chana Masala, Poached Quail Eggs, Seven Spice New York Strip, Tamarind Chile Sauce, Ranch & Preserved Lemon Crème Fraîche, Avocado Coconut Crema
Joseph: Ranch Tostadas, Ponzu & Cilantro Cod, Mirin Pickled Onions, Corn & Napa Kimchi, Ranch Yuzu Crema, Furikake Radishes, Gochujang Salsa

WINNER: Joseph
ELIMINATED: Fatima

11
"Goldilocks and the Three Bears"
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)

Challenge: Inspired by the fairy tale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears", the chefs had to create a porridge dish.

Brother: White Quinoa Porridge, Seared Seabass, Cranberry Apple Chutney
Bruce: Farro & Barley Porridge, Seared Sea Scallop, Poached Egg, Pickled Mustard Green & Wild Mushroom
Joseph: Seared Steak, Barley Porridge Milanese, Tomato Conserva, Parmigiano Reggiano

WINNER: Brother
ELIMINATED: Bruce

12
"Finale"
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)

Challenge: The finalists were allowed to cook any dish. The dishes were served to Colicchio, guest judge Lachlan Mackinnon-Patterson, and the gallery of previously eliminated chefs, who then voted for their favorite dish. The chef who received the most votes was declared the winner of Last Chance Kitchen and rejoined the main competition.

Brother: Stuffed Chicken Breast with Pecorino & Jalapeno, Roasted Chili Apple, Butternut Squash & Brussels Sprouts Hash, Lime Crema with Nitro Raspberries
Joseph: Lamb Shoulder, Fava Bean Pesto, Charred Fava Pecorino, Shallot & Balsamic Glaze

WINNER: Joseph
ELIMINATED: Brother