document_title: Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

question_text: what is wile e coyote's middle name

question_tokens: what is wile e coyote 's middle name

text: Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

text: Creation[edit]

text: Jones based the Coyote on Mark Twain's book Roughing It,[6] in which Twain described the coyote as "a long, slim, sick and sorry-looking skeleton" that is "a living, breathing allegory of Want. He is always hungry." Jones said he created the Coyote-Road Runner cartoons as a parody of traditional "cat and mouse" cartoons such as MGM's Tom and Jerry, which Jones would work on as a director later in his career.[7] Jones modelled the Coyote's appearance on fellow animator Ken Harris.[8]

text: The Coyote's name of Wile E. is a pun of the word "wily." The "E" stands for "Ethelbert" in one issue of a Looney Tunes comic book.[9] The Coyote's surname is routinely pronounced with a long "e" (/kaɪˈoʊtiː/ ky-OH-tee), but in one cartoon short, To Hare Is Human, Wile E. is heard pronouncing it with a diphthong (/kaɪˈoʊteɪ/ ky-OH-tay). Early model sheets for the character prior to his initial appearance (in Fast and Furry-ous) identified him as "Don Coyote", a pun of the name Don Quixote.[10]

text: List of cartoons[edit]

text: The series consists of:

text:
48 shorts, mostly about 6 to 7 minutes long, but including three web cartoons which are "three-minute, three-dimensional cartoons in widescreen (scope)".[11]
One half-hour special, released theatrically (26 minutes).
One feature-length film that combines live action and animation (91 minutes long).

text:
#
Release date
Title
Duration
Credits
Acme Corporation devices used
Books Studied

Story/writing
Direction
For the Road Runner
For the Coyote

1
September 17, 1949 (1949-09-17)
Fast and Furry-ous
6:55
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
ACME Super Outfit

2
May 24, 1952 (1952-05-24)
Beep, Beep
6:45
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
Aspirin, Matches, Rocket-Powered Roller Skates

3
August 23, 1952 (1952-08-23)
Going! Going! Gosh!
6:25
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
an anvil, a weather balloon, a street cleaner's bin, and a fan

4
September 19, 1953 (1953-09-19)
Zipping Along
6:55
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
Giant Kite Kit, Bomb, Detonator, Nitroglycerin, Bird Seed
"Hypnotism Self-Taught" by Hershenburger

5
August 14, 1954 (1954-08-14)
Stop! Look! And Hasten!
7:00
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
Bird Seed, Triple Strength Fortified Leg Muscle Vitamins
"How to Build a Burmese Tiger Trap"

6
April 30, 1955 (1955-04-30)
Ready, Set, Zoom!
6:55
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
Glue, Female Road-Runner Costume

7
December 10, 1955 (1955-12-10)
Guided Muscle
6:40
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
ACME Grease
"How to Tar and Feather a Roadrunner (10th printing)"

8
May 5, 1956 (1956-05-05)
Gee Whiz-z-z-z-z-z-z
6:35
Michael Maltese
Charles M. Jones
ACME Triple Strength Battleship Steel Armor Plate, ACME Batman's Outfit, Rubber Band, Anvil, Jet Bike (Made with Iron Handle Bars and a Jet Motor)
None

9
November 10, 1956 (1956-11-10)
There They Go-Go-Go!
6:35
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
No ACME branded devices used
None

10
January 26, 1957 (1957-01-26)
Scrambled Aches
6:50
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
ACME Dehydrated Boulders, Outboard Steam Roller

11
September 14, 1957 (1957-09-14)
Zoom and Bored
6:15
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
ACME Bumblebees

12
April 12, 1958 (1958-04-12)
Whoa, Be-Gone!
6:10
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Tornado Kit, Rubber Band (For Tripping Road-Runners), Water Pistol

13
October 11, 1958 (1958-10-11)
Hook, Line and Stinker
5:55
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Bird Seed

14
December 6, 1958 (1958-12-06)
Hip Hip-Hurry!
6:13
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Hi-Speed Tonic, Mouse Snare

15
May 9, 1959 (1959-05-09)
Hot-Rod and Reel!
6:25
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Jet-Propelled Pogo Stick, Jet-Propelled Unicycle

16
October 10, 1959 (1959-10-10)
Wild About Hurry
6:45
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Giant Elastic Rubber Band, 5 Miles of Railroad Track, Rocket Sled, Bird Seed, Iron Pellets, Indestructo Steel Ball

17
January 9, 1960 (1960-01-09)
Fastest with the Mostest
7:20
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones
Balloon Basket, Balloon,

18
October 8, 1960 (1960-10-08)
Hopalong Casualty
6:05
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones
Christmas Packaging Machine, Earthquake Pills

19
January 21, 1961 (1961-01-21)
Zip 'N Snort
5:50
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones
Iron Pellets, Bird Seed, Axle Grease

20
June 3, 1961 (1961-06-03)
Lickety-Splat
6:20
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones,
Abe Levitow
Roller skis, Boomerang

21
November 11, 1961 (1961-11-11)
Beep Prepared
6:00
John Dunn,
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones,
Maurice Noble
ACME Iron Bird Seed
Iron Bird Seed, Little-Giant Do-It-Yourself Rocket Sled

Film
June 2, 1962 (1962-06-02)
Adventures of the Road Runner
26:00
John Dunn
Michael Maltese
Chuck Jones
Acme Batman's Outfit

22
June 30, 1962 (1962-06-30)
Zoom at the Top
6:30
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones,
Maurice Noble
Bird seed, instant icicle-maker, boomerang

23
December 28, 1963 (1963-12-28)
To Beep or Not to Beep1
6:35
John Dunn,
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones,
Maurice Noble

24
June 6, 1964 (1964-06-06)
War and Pieces
6:40
John Dunn
Chuck Jones,
Maurice Noble
Invisible Paint

25
January 1, 1965 (1965-01-01)
Zip Zip Hooray!2
6:15
John Dunn
Chuck Jones

26
February 1, 1965 (1965-02-01)
Road Runner a Go-Go2
6:05
John Dunn
Chuck Jones

None, although Wile E. Coyote does study a film

27
February 27, 1965 (1965-02-27)
The Wild Chase
6:30

Friz Freleng,
Hawley Pratt
Iron Pellets, Bird Seed, Cheese

28
July 31, 1965 (1965-07-31)
Rushing Roulette
6:20
David Detiege
Robert McKimson
Sproing Boots

29
August 21, 1965 (1965-08-21)
Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner
6:00

Rudy Larriva

30
September 18, 1965 (1965-09-18)
Tired and Feathered
6:20
Robert McKimson
Rudy Larriva
Dynamite, Assorted Washers
Birds And Their Habitat

31
October 9, 1965 (1965-10-09)
Boulder Wham!
6:30
Len Janson
Rudy Larriva
Deluxe Hi-bounce Trampoline Kit
Hypnotism for Beginners

32
October 30, 1965 (1965-10-30)
Just Plane Beep
6:45
Don Jurwich
Rudy Larriva
War Surplus Biplane
untitled flight instruction book

33
November 13, 1965 (1965-11-13)
Hairied and Hurried
6:45
Nick Bennion
Rudy Larriva
Snow Machine, Magnetic Gun, Practice Bombs, Super Bomb, Kit

34
December 11, 1965 (1965-12-11)
Highway Runnery
6:45
Al Bertino
Rudy Larriva

35
December 25, 1965 (1965-12-25)
Chaser on the Rocks
6:45
Tom Dagenais
Rudy Larriva

36
January 8, 1966 (1966-01-08)
Shot and Bothered
6:30
Nick Bennion
Rudy Larriva
Suction Cups

37
January 29, 1966 (1966-01-29)
Out and Out Rout
6:00
Dale Hale
Rudy Larriva
No ACME labeled devices used.
"Hunting Birds", "The History of Speed", "How to Sail"

38
February 19, 1966 (1966-02-19)
The Solid Tin Coyote
6:15
Don Jurwich
Rudy Larriva

39
March 12, 1966 (1966-03-12)
Clippety Clobbered
6:15
Tom Dagenais
Rudy Larriva

40
November 5, 1966 (1966-11-05)
Sugar and Spies
6:20
Tom Dagenais
Robert McKimson
Do-it-Yourself Kit Remote Control Missile-Bombs

41
November 27, 1979 (1979-11-27)
Freeze Frame
6:05
John W. Dunn
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones
Instant Snow Maker, Speed Skates, Jet-Propelled Skis, Dog Sled, 92 lb. Dogs, Rocking Horse, Road-Runner Lasso
Everything You Always Wanted To Know About Road Runners (But Were Afraid To Ask)

42
May 21, 1980 (1980-05-21)
Soup or Sonic
9:10
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones,
Phil Monroe
Frisbee Disc, Little-Giant Fire Crackers, Giant Fly Trap, Explosive Tennis Balls,

43
December 21, 1994 (1994-12-21)
Chariots of Fur3
7:00
Chuck Jones
Chuck Jones
Giant Mouse Trap, Instant Road, Cactus Costume, Lightning Bolts

44
December 30, 2000 (2000-12-30)
Little Go Beep
7:55
Kathleen Helppie-Shipley,
Earl Kress
Spike Brandt
Badger Trap, Stretch Hamstring, Jack in the Box with a Boxing Glove and a Big Trike with Aqua Rockets

45
November 1, 2003 (2003-11-01)
The Whizzard of Ow
7:00
Chris Kelly
Bret Haaland
Book of Magic, Flying Broom, Bomb, Clear Paint
"ACME Book of Magic"

Film
November 14, 2003 (2003-11-14)
Looney Tunes: Back in Action
91:00
Larry Doyle
Joe Dante
Missile Launcher, Train of Death, Anvil,

46
July 30, 2010 (2010-07-30)
Coyote Falls3
2:59
Tom Sheppard[12]
Matthew O'Callaghan

Bird Seed, Bungee Cord

47
September 24, 2010 (2010-09-24)
Fur of Flying3
3:03[13]
Tom Sheppard
Matthew O'Callaghan[13]

Acme Bonnie Bike, Acme Mega-Motor, Acme Football Helmet, Acme Ceiling Fan

48
December 17, 2010 (2010-12-17)
Rabid Rider3
3:07
Tom Sheppard
Matthew O'Callaghan

Acme Hyper-Sonic Transport

49
June 10, 2014
Flash in the Pain[14][15]
3:13
Tom Sheppard
Matthew O'Callaghan

Acme Molecular Transporter

text:
1Re-edited from Adventures of the Road-Runner, by Chuck Jones, and with new music direction from Bill Lava.
2Re-edited from Adventures of the Road-Runner, by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises
3These cartoons were shown with a feature-length film. Chariots of Fur was shown with Richie Rich, Coyote Falls was shown with Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore,[11] Fur of Flying was shown with Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole,[16] Rabid Rider was shown with Yogi Bear. Flash in the Pain was shown at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 10, 2014.[14][15]
4Actual Latin name of the greater roadrunner and coyote respectively

text: In Stop! Look! And Hasten!, Wile E. follows the instructions in a manual titled How to Build a Burmese Tiger Trap. Hearing the trap activated, he leaps in and immediately withdraws, panicked, because instead of the Road Runner he has caught an actual Burmese tiger, who is identified as such and given the pseudo-Latin name "surprisibus! surprisibus!".

text: In Soup or Sonic, the beep, beep of the Road Runner is also given the pseudo-Latin name beepus-beepus. It might also be noted that in this cartoon, Wile E. finally catches the Road Runner; however, he has been shrunk down to minute size and is dwarfed by the Road Runner. Recovering from the shock, he then turns to the viewer and holds up two signs that read: Okay wise guys, you always wanted me to catch him. and Now what do I do?

text: Scenery[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The desert scenery in the first two Road Runner cartoons, Fast and Furry-ous (1949) and Beep, Beep (1952), was designed by Robert Gribbroek and was quite realistic. In most later cartoons the scenery was designed by Maurice Noble and was far more abstract. Several styles were used. In The Wild Chase (1965), featuring a race between the Road Runner and Speedy Gonzales, it is stated that the Road Runner is from Texas, insofar as the race announcer calls it the "Texas Road Burner." That suggests that most of the Road Runner and Coyote cartoons could take place in Texas. However, in To Beep or Not to Beep, the catapult is constructed by the Road-Runner Manufacturing Company, which has locations in Taos, Phoenix, Santa Fe, and Flagstaff, suggesting that it takes place in or near the Four Corners (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado) region, specifically Monument Valley.

text: In Going! Going! Gosh! (late 1952) through Guided Muscle (late 1954) the scenery was "semi-realistic" with an offwhite sky (possibly suggesting overcast/cloudy weather condition). Gravity-defying rock formations appeared in Ready, Set, Zoom! (early 1954). A bright yellow sky made its debut in Gee Whiz-z-z-z-z-z-z (1956) but was not used consistently until There They Go-Go-Go!, later in the same year.

text: Zoom and Bored (late 1957) introduced a major change in background style. Sharp, top-heavy rock formations became more prominent, and warm colors (yellow, orange, and red) were favored. Bushes were crescent-shaped. Except for Whoa, Be-Gone! (early 1958), whose scenery design harked back to Guided Muscle in certain aspects (such as off-white sky), this style of scenery was retained as far as Fastest with the Mostest (1960). Hopalong Casualty (1960) changed the color scheme, with the sky reverting to blue, and some rocks becoming off-white, while the bright yellow desert sand color is retained, along with the 'sharp' style of rock formations pioneered by Zoom and Bored. The crescent shapes used for bushes starting with Zoom and Bored were retained, and also applied to clouds. In the last scene of War and Pieces (1964), Wile E. Coyote's rocket blasts him through the center of the Earth to China, which is portrayed with abstract Oriental backgrounds.

text: The Format Films cartoons used a style of scenery similar to Hopalong Casualty and its successors, albeit less detailed and with small puffy clouds rather than crescent-shaped ones.

text: Freeze Frame, a made-for-television short originally shown as part of the 1979 CBS special Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales, depicts the Road Runner taking a turn that leads the chase into mountains and across a wintry landscape of ice and snow.

text: Acme Corporation[edit]

text: Wile E. Coyote often obtains various complex and ludicrous devices from a mail-order company, the fictitious Acme Corporation, which he hopes will help him catch the Road Runner. The devices invariably fail in improbable and spectacular fashion. Whether this is a result of operator error or faulty merchandise is debatable. The coyote usually ends up burnt to a crisp, squashed flat, or at the bottom of a canyon (some shorts show him suffering a combination of these fates). Occasionally, Acme products do work quite well (e.g. the Dehydrated Boulders, Bat-Man Outfit, Rocket Sled, Jet Powered Roller Skates, or Earthquake Pills). In this case, their success often works against the coyote. For example, the Dehydrated Boulder, upon hydration, becomes so large that it crushes him, or the Coyote finds out that the Earthquake Pills bottle label's fine print states that the pills aren’t effective on road runners, right after he swallows the whole bottle, thinking they're ineffective. Other times he uses items that are implausible, such as a superhero outfit, thinking he could fly wearing it. (He cannot.)

text: How the coyote acquires these products without money is not explained until the 2003 movie Looney Tunes: Back in Action, in which he is shown to be an employee of Acme. In a Tiny Toon Adventures episode, Wile E. makes mention of his protégé Calamity Coyote possessing an unlimited Acme credit card account, which might serve as another possible explanation. Wile E. being a "beta tester" for Acme has been another suggested explanation. Wile E. also uses war equipment such as cannons, rocket launchers, grenades, and bayonets which are "generic", i.e. not Acme products. In a Cartoon Network commercial promoting Looney Tunes, they ask the Coyote why he insists on purchasing products from the Acme Corporation when all previous contraptions have backfired on him, to which the Coyote responds with a wooden sign (right after another item blows up in his face): "Good line of Credit."

text: In Whoa, Be-Gone!, after successfully avoiding being hit by his own rocket, the coyote is run over by an "ACME" truck emerging from a tunnel.

text: The company name was likely chosen for its irony (acme means the highest point, as of achievement or development). Also, a company named ACME would have shown up in the first part of a telephone directory. Some people have said ACME comes from the common expansion A (or American) Company that Makes (or Making) Everything, a backronym of the word. The origin of the name might also be related to the Acme company that built a fine line of animation stands and optical printers; however, the most likely explanation is the Sears house brand called Acme that appeared in their ubiquitous early 1900s mail-order catalogues.

text: In two Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote short films, Ajax (Disney) was used instead of Acme Corporation. In some others, the names "A-1" and "Ace" and "Fleet-Foot" are used.

text: In August, September and October 1982, the National Lampoon published a three part series chronicling the lawsuit Wile E. filed against the Acme Corporation over the faulty items they sold him in his pursuit of the Road Runner. Even though the Road Runner appeared as a witness for the plaintiff, the Coyote still lost the suit.[17]

text: Laws and rules[edit]

text: As in other cartoons, the Road Runner and the coyote follow certain laws of cartoon physics, peculiar to an animation universe. Some examples:[citation needed]

text:
Animation vs. Reality Mixing: the Road Runner has the ability to enter the painted image of a cave, while the coyote cannot (unless there is an opening through which he can fall). Sometimes, however, this is reversed, and the Road Runner can burst through a painting of a broken bridge and continue on his way, while the Coyote will instead enter the painting and fall down the precipice of the cliff where the bridge is out.
Gravity: sometimes the coyote is allowed to hang in midair until he realizes that he is about to plummet into a chasm (a process occasionally referred to elsewhere as Road-Runnering or a Wile E. Coyote moment). The coyote can overtake rocks (or cannons) which fall earlier than he does, and end up being squashed by them. If a chase sequence runs over the edge of a cliff, the Road Runner is not affected by gravity, whereas the Coyote will be subject to normal earth gravity and eventually fall to the ground below.
The Road Runner is able to run fast enough to go through time
The Coyote always loses and his elaborate mechanisms always backfire:

A chase sequence that happens upon railroad tracks inevitably results in the Coyote being run over by a train.
If the Coyote uses an explosive (commonly dynamite) that is triggered by a mechanism that is supposed to force the explosive in a forward motion toward its target, the actual mechanism itself will always shoot forward, leaving the explosive behind to detonate in the Coyote's face.
Delayed Reaction: (a) a complex apparatus that is supposed to propel an object like a boulder or steel ball forward, or trigger a trap, will not work on the Road Runner, but always does so perfectly on the Coyote - when he inspects it after its failure to ensnare the Road Runner. (b) the Road Runner can jump up and down on the trigger of a large animal trap and eat the intended trap trigger bird seed off it and leave unharmed without setting off the trap; but when the Coyote places the tiniest droplet of oil on the trigger, the trap snaps shut on him without fail.
On other occasions, the Coyote dons an exquisite Acme costume or propulsion device that briefly allows him to catch up to the Road Runner, but ultimately always results in him losing track of his proximity to large cliffs or walls, and while the Road Runner darts around an extremely sharp turn near a cliff defying physics, the Coyote succumbs to physics and will rocket right over the edge and plummet spectacularly to the ground.

tag: ol

text: In his book Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist,[18] Chuck Jones claimed that he and the artists behind the Road Runner and Wile E. cartoons adhered to some simple but strict rules:

text:
"The Road Runner cannot harm the Coyote except by going "beep beep"." This rule was broken in Clippety Clobbered when the Road Runner drops a boulder on the Coyote after painting it with "invisible paint", and has been broken in several CGI shorts from The Looney Tunes Show.
"No outside force can harm the Coyote — only his own ineptitude or the failure of Acme products." Trains and trucks were the exceptions from time to time.
"The Coyote could stop anytime — if he were not a fanatic. (Repeat: "A fanatic is one who redoubles his effort when he has forgotten his aim." — George Santayana)."
"No dialogue ever, except "beep-beep!"" This rule was violated in some cartoons such as in Zoom at the Top where the Coyote says the word "Ouch" after he gets hurt in a bear trap.
"The Road Runner must stay on the road — otherwise, logically, he would not be called a Road Runner." This rule was broken in several shorts including cactus patches, mines, cliff edges, mountain tops and railways.
"All action must be confined to the natural environment of the two characters — the southwest American desert."
"All materials tools, weapons, or mechanical conveniences must be obtained from the Acme Corporation." Although in Rushing Roulette, the Coyote uses AJAX Stix-All glue. In Zip 'N Snort, aside from the ACME Iron Pellets, Wile E. also had a box of AJAX Bird Seed. In Fast and Furry-ous, even though one item, the Super Outfit, was from ACME, for some reason the Jet-Propelled Tennis Shoes was from "Fleet-Feet".
"Whenever possible, make gravity the Coyote's greatest enemy." For example, falling off a cliff.
"The Coyote is always more humiliated than harmed by his failures."

text: As noted above, these rules were not always followed. And in an interview[4] years after the series was made, principal writer of the original 16 episodes Michael Maltese stated he had never heard of these or any "rules" and dismissed them as "post production observation".

text: Later cartoons[edit]

text: The original Chuck Jones productions ended in 1963 after Jack L. Warner closed the Warner Bros. animation studio. War and Pieces, the last Road Runner short directed by Jones, was released in mid-1964. By that time, David DePatie and veteran director Friz Freleng had formed DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, moved into the facility just emptied by Warner, and signed a license with Warner Bros. to produce cartoons for the big studio to distribute.

text: Their first cartoon to feature the Road Runner was The Wild Chase, directed by Freleng in 1965. The premise was a race between the bird and "the fastest mouse in all of Mexico," Speedy Gonzales, with the Coyote and Sylvester the Cat each trying to make a meal out of his usual target. Much of the material was animation rotoscoped from earlier Runner and Gonzales shorts, with the other characters added in.

text: In total, DePatie-Freleng produced 14 Road Runner cartoons, two of which were directed by Robert McKimson (Rushing Roulette, 1965, and Sugar and Spies, 1966). Due to cuts in the number of frames used per second in animated features, many of these final Road Runner features were cheap looking and jerky. Also, the music was very different and of poorer quality than the older features (a byproduct of incoming music director Bill Lava, who replaced the suddenly deceased Milt Franklyn and retired Carl Stalling and whose style clashed noticeably with his predecessors). That was disappointing to fans of the original shorts, and many felt it was the final death knell for animation.

text: The remaining eleven were subcontracted to Format Films and directed under ex-Warner Bros. animator Rudy Larriva. The "Larriva Eleven", as the series was later called, lacked the fast-paced action of the Chuck Jones originals and was poorly received by critics. In Of Mice and Magic, Leonard Maltin calls the series "witless in every sense of the word." In addition, except for the planet Earth scene at the tail end of "Highway Runnery", there was only one clip of the Coyote's fall to the ground, used over and over again. These cartoons can easily be distinguished from Chuck Jones' cartoons, because they feature the modern "Abstract WB" Looney Tunes opening and closing sequences, and they use the same music cues over and over again in the cartoons, also by Lava. Only one of those eleven cartoons — Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner — had music that was actually scored instead of the same music cues. Another clear clue is that Jones' previously described "Laws" for the characters were not followed with any significant fidelity, nor were there Latin phrases used when introducing the characters.

text: Wile E. Coyote and Bugs Bunny[edit]

text: Wile E. Coyote has also unsuccessfully attempted to catch and eat Bugs Bunny in another series of cartoons. In these cartoons, the coyote takes on the guise of a self-described "super genius" and speaks with a smooth, generic upper-class accent provided by Mel Blanc. While he is incredibly intelligent, he is limited by technology and his own short-sighted arrogance, and is thus often easily outsmarted, a somewhat physical symbolism of "street smarts" besting "book smarts".

text: In one short (Hare-Breadth Hurry, 1963), Bugs  — with the help of "speed pills" — even stands in for Road Runner, who has "sprained a giblet" while "cornering a sharp coive the other day", and carries out the duties of outsmarting the hungry scavenger. That is the only Bugs Bunny/Wile E. Coyote short in which the coyote does not speak, and to use the Wile E. Coyote/Road Runner cartoon formula. As usual, Wile E. Coyote ends up falling down a canyon and fails to catch and eat Bugs Bunny, much like how the coyote fails to catch and eat the Road Runner.

text: In a later, made-for-TV short, which had a young Elmer Fudd chasing a young Bugs, Elmer also falls down a canyon. On the way down he is overtaken by Wile E. Coyote who shows a sign telling Elmer to get out of the way for someone who is more experienced in falling.

text: Other appearances[edit]

text: In the 1962 pilot for a proposed television series (but instead released as a theatrical featurrette titled Adventures of the Road-Runner — when the project failed as TV pilot, it was re-edited into To Beep or Not to Beep by Chuck Jones with additional new music by Bill Lava. But a few years later, the short was re-edited again into Zip Zip Hooray! and Road Runner a Go-Go, by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises).

text: Chuck's 1979 movie The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie features many of Chuck's characters, including Wile E. and Road Runner. However, whereas most of the featured cartoons are single shorts or sometimes isolated clips, the footage of Wile E. and Road Runner is taken from several different cartoons and compiled to run as one extended sequence.

text: Wile E. and the Road Runner have two cameo roles in Robert Zemeckis' Who Framed Roger Rabbit first silhouetted when the elevator maneuvered by Droopy goes up, and then during the final scene in Marvin Acme's factory with several other studio characters.

text: Wile E. and the Road Runner appear as members of the Tune Squad team in Space Jam. There, Wile E. rigs one of the basketball hoops with dynamite to prevent one of the Monstars from scoring a slam dunk. And during practice before Lola Bunny shows up, Wile E. gets his hands on a basketball, but the Road Runner steals the ball from him, and heads into a painted image. But Wile E. doesn't know it's a painted image, and he runs right into it.

text: Wile E. appears as an employee of the Acme Corporation in Looney Tunes: Back in Action. There, his role is similar to that of Mustafa from the Austin Powers movies.

text: Wile E. also makes a brief cameo in Tweety's High-Flying Adventure, being held by the neck by the Tasmanian Devil holding up a sign that says "Mother" before they both fall in the sea.

text: Wile E. is an employee at Daffy Duck's store, in the film Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas. He is seen staring hungrily at a vending machine but Daffy does not allow him to eat during work hours. The Road Runner also appears as a delivery boy.

text: The two appeared in many different advertisements for Shell, Honey Nut Cheerios and Wile E. appears without the bird in adverts for the Energizer Bunny. In 2012, both Wile E. and Road Runner appeared in a GEICO commercial, in which the wandering gecko is lost. While he is doing so, he nearly gets crushed with an anvil, and then a piano. Just after this happens, Road Runner runs up to him, says his trademark phrase, "Beep beep!" and goes on his way. The gecko then gets confused about the Road Runner's catchphrase by saying "Meep, meep." Suddenly, Wile E., chasing the Road Runner, runs up, sees the gecko and imagines him as his dinner, but while doing so, is driven into the ground by a falling ACME safe. The commercial ends with the gecko concluding, "What a strange place."

text: The Road Runner is the mascot for a brand of ice melt manufactured by Scotwood Industries.[19]

text: The Road Runner at one point was the mascot for Time Warner Cable Internet's Road Runner High Speed Online, during the period when both entities were under the AOL Time Warner corporate umbrella. After the companies broke up in 2009, Time Warner Cable continued to license the Road Runner name and iconography until the service was rebranded in 2012 as Time Warner Cable Internet.

text: The two also appeared in the web cartoons "Wild King Dumb", "Judge Granny: Case 2" and "Wile E. Coyote Ugly" on looneytunes.com.

text: Plymouth licensed the Road Runner's image for the Plymouth Road Runner muscle car. Several styles of decals featuring the Road Runner were put on the cars from 1968 to 1974. Chrysler's engineering department went to considerable trouble and expense to develop a car horn that made the classic "meep meep" sound of the Road Runner for the model. A "meep meep" horn is still available from aftermarket auto parts company J.C. Whitney.[20]

text: Wile E. appears as a defendant on the show Night Court and is subjected to a stern lecture by Judge Harold T. Stone, who tells him to "go to a restaurant, a supermarket, but leave that poor bird alone!" and finds Wile E. guilty of harassment.

text: The two have also appeared in the National Australia Bank's "More Give, Less Take" advertising campaign in 2012.

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: In another series of Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoons, Chuck Jones used the character design (model sheets and personality) of Wile E. Coyote as "Ralph Wolf". In this series, Ralph continually attempts to steal sheep from a flock being guarded by the eternally vigilant Sam Sheepdog. As with the Road Runner and Coyote series, Ralph Wolf uses all sorts of wild inventions and schemes to steal the sheep, but he is continually foiled by the sheepdog. In a move seen by many as a self-referential gag, Ralph Wolf continually tries to steal the sheep not because he is a fanatic (as Wile E. Coyote was), but because it is his job. In every cartoon, he and the sheepdog punch a timeclock, exchange pleasantries, go to work, take a lunch break, and clock out to go home for the day, all according to a factory-like blowing whistle. The most obvious difference between the coyote and the wolf, aside from their locales, is that Wile E. has a black nose and Ralph has a red nose.

text: Comic books[edit]

text: Wile E. was called Kelsey Coyote in his comic book debut, a Henery Hawk story in Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies #91 (May 1949). He only made a couple of other appearances at this time and did not have his official name yet that was used since Operation: Rabbit (his second appearance). The first appearance of the Road Runner in a comic book was in Bugs Bunny Vacation Funnies #8 (August 1958) published by Dell Comics. The feature is titled "Beep Beep the Road Runner" and the story "Desert Dessert". It presents itself as the first meeting between Beep Beep and Wile E. (whose mailbox reads "Wile E. Coyote, Inventor and Genius"), and introduces the Road Runner's wife, Matilda, and their three newly hatched sons (though Matilda would soon disappear from the comics). This story established the convention that the Road Runner family talked in rhyme in the comics (The Road Runner also talked in rhyme in many children book adoptions of the cartoons).

text: Dell initially published a dedicated "Beep Beep the Road Runner" comic as part of Four Color Comics #918, 1008, and 1046 before launching a separate series for the character numbered #4–14 (1960–1962), with the three try-out issues counted as the first three numbers. After a hiatus, Gold Key Comics took over the character with issues #1–88 (1966–1984). During the 1960s, the artwork was done by Pete Alvarado and Phil DeLara; from 1966–1969, the Gold Key issues consisted of Dell reprints. Afterward, new stories began to appear, initially drawn by Alvarado and De Lara before Jack Manning became the main artist for the title. New and reprinted Beep Beep stories also appeared in Golden Comics Digest and Gold Key's revival of Looney Tunes in the 1970s. During this period, Wile E.'s middle name was revealed to be "Ethelbert"[9] in the story "The Greatest of E's" in issue #53 (cover-date September 1975) of Gold Key Comics' licensed comic book, Beep Beep the Road Runner.[21]

text: The Road Runner and Wile E. also make appearances in the DC Comics Looney Tunes title. Wile E. was able to speak in some of his appearances in the DC comics.

text: In 2017, DC Comics featured a Looney Tunes and DC Comics crossovers that reimagined the characters in a darker style. Road Runner and Wile E. Coyote had a crossover with the bounty hunter Lobo in The Lobo/Road Runner Special. In this version, Road Runner, Wile E, and other Looney Tunes character are reimagined as standard animals who were experimented upon with alien DNA at Acme to transform them into their cartoon forms. In the backup story done in more traditional cartoon style, Lobo tries to hunt down Road Runner, but is limited by Bugs to be more kid-friendly in his language and approach.[22][23]

text: Television[edit]

text: The Road Runner and the Coyote appeared on Saturday mornings as the stars of their own TV series, The Road Runner Show, from September 1966 to September 1968, on CBS. At this time it was merged with The Bugs Bunny Show to become The Bugs Bunny and Road Runner Show, running from 1968 to 1985. The show was later seen on ABC until 2000, and on Global until 2001. The theme song of the TV series went as follows:

text: Chorus:

text: (repeat of chorus)

text: (non-verbal chorus and repeat of chorus)

text: In the 1970s, Chuck Jones directed some Road Runner short films for the educational children's TV series The Electric Company. These short cartoons used the Coyote and the Road Runner to display words for children to read, but the cartoons themselves are a refreshing return to Jones' glory days.

text: In 1979, Freeze Frame, in which Jones moved the chase from the desert to snow-covered mountains, was seen as part of Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales.

text: At the end of Bugs Bunny's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Bunny (the initial sequence of Chuck Jones' TV special, Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over), Bugs mentions to the audience that he and Elmer may have been the first pair of characters to have chase scenes in these cartoons, but then a pint-sized baby Wile E. Coyote (wearing a diaper and holding a small knife and fork) runs right in front of Bugs, chasing a gold-colored, mostly unhatched (except for the tail, which is sticking out) Road Runner egg, which is running rapidly while some high-pitched "beep, beep" noises can be heard. This was followed by the full-fledged Runner/Coyote short, Soup or Sonic. Earlier in that story, while kid Elmer was falling from a cliff, Wile E. Coyote's adult self tells him to move over and leave falling to people who know how to do it and then he falls, followed by Elmer.

text: In the 1980s, ABC began showing many Warner Bros. shorts, but in highly edited form. Many scenes integral to the stories were taken out, including scenes in which Wile E. Coyote landed at the bottom of the canyon after having fallen from a cliff, or had a boulder or anvil actually make contact with him. In almost all WB animated features, scenes where a character's face was burnt and black, some thought resembling blackface, were removed, as were animated characters smoking cigarettes. Some cigar smoking scenes were left in. The unedited versions of these shorts (with the exception of ones with blackface) were not seen again until Cartoon Network, and later Boomerang, began showing them again in the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the release of the WB library of cartoons on DVD, Boomerang has stopped showing the cartoons, presumably to increase sales of the DVDs.

text: Though Wile E. Coyote isn't seen in Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue he is mentioned by Bugs Bunny saying that he borrowed his time machine.

text: Wile E. and the Road Runner later appeared in several episodes of Tiny Toon Adventures. In this series, Wile E. Coyote (voiced in the Jim Reardon episode "Piece of Mind" by Joe Alaskey) was the dean of Acme Looniversity and the mentor of Calamity Coyote. The Road Runner's protégé in this series was Little Beeper. In the episode "Piece of Mind", Wile E. narrates the life story of Calamity while Calamity is falling from the top of a tall skyscraper. In the direct-to-video movie Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation, the Road Runner finally gets a taste of humiliation by getting run over by a mail truck that "brakes for coyotes."

text: The two were also seen in cameos in Animaniacs. They were together in two "Slappy Squirrel" cartoons: "Bumbie's Mom" and "Little Old Slappy from Pasadena". In the latter the Road Runner gets another taste of humiliation when he is outrun by Slappy's car, and holds up a sign saying "I quit" — immediately afterward, Buttons, who was launched into the air during a previous gag, lands squarely on top of him. Wile E. appears without the bird in a The Wizard of Oz parody, dressed in his batsuit from one short, in a twister (tornado) funnel in "Buttons in Ows". Also, in the beginning of one episode, an artist is seen drawing Road Runner.

text: In a Cartoon Network TV ad about The Acme Hour, Wile E. Coyote utilized a pair of jet roller skates to catch the Road Runner and (quite surprisingly) didn't fail. While he was cooking his prey, it was revealed that the roller skates came from a generic brand. The ad said that other brand isn't the same thing.[clarification needed][citation needed]

text: Road Runner appears in an episode of the 1990 series Taz-Mania in which Taz grabs it by the leg & gets ready to eat it until the two gators are ready to capture Taz so he lets Road Runner go. In another episode of Taz-Mania the Road Runner cartoons are parodied with Taz dressed as Road Runner and the character Willy Wombat dressed as Wile E. Coyote. Willy tries to catch Taz with Acme Roller Skates but fails, and Taz even says "Beep, beep".

text: Wile E. and Road Runner appeared in their toddler versions in Baby Looney Tunes, only in songs. However, they both had made a cameo in the episode, "Are We There Yet?", where Road Runner was seen out the window of Floyd's car with Wile E. chasing him.

text: Wile E. Coyote had a cameo as the true identity of an alien hunter (a parody of Predator) in the Duck Dodgers episode "K-9 Quarry," voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. In that episode, he was hunting Martian Commander X-2 and K-9.

text: In Loonatics Unleashed, Wile E. Coyote and Roadrunner's 28th century descendants are Tech E. Coyote (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) and Rev Runner (voiced by Rob Paulsen). Tech E. Coyote was the tech expert of the Loonatics (influenced by the past cartoons with many of the machines ordered by Wile E. from Acme), and has magnetic hands and the ability to molecularly regenerate himself (influenced by the many times in which Wile E. painfully failed to capture Road Runner and then was shown to have miraculously recovered). Tech E. Coyote speaks, but does not have a British accent as Wile E. Coyote did. Rev Runner is also able to talk, though extremely rapidly, and can fly without the use of jet packs, which are used by other members of the Loonatics. He also has sonic speed, also a take off of Road Runner. Ironically, the pair get on rather well, despite the number of gadgets Tech designs in order to stop Rev from talking; also they have their moments where they do not get along. When friendship is shown it is often only from Rev to Tech, not the other way around; this could, however, be attributed to the fact that Tech has only the barest minimum of social skills. They are both portrayed as smart, but Tech is the better inventor and at times Rev was shown doing stupid things. References to their ancestors' past are seen in the episode "Family Business" where the other Runners are wary of Tech and Tech relives the famous falling gags done in Coyote/Runner shorts.

text: Road Runner and Wile E. feature in 3D computer animated cartoons or cartoon animation in Cartoon Network's new TV series The Looney Tunes Show. The CGI shorts were only included in season one, but Wile E. and Road Runner still appeared throughout the series in 2D animation.

text: Wile E. Coyote also appears in the TV series Wabbit, voiced by J.P. Karliak. He appears as Bugs Bunny's annoying, know-it-all neighbor who would always use his inventions to compete with Bugs.

text: 3-D shorts[edit]

text: The characters appeared in seven 3-D shorts attached to Warner Bros. features. Three have been screened with features, while the rest serve as segments in season one of The Looney Tunes Show. A short called Flash in the Pain was shown on the web in 2015, but was not shown in theaters.

text: Video games[edit]

text: Several Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner-themed video games have been produced:

text:
Road Runner (arcade game by Atari, later ported to the Commodore 64, NES, Atari 2600, and several PC platforms)
Electronic Road Runner (self-contained LCD game from Tiger Electronics released in 1990)
Looney Tunes (Game Boy game by Sunsoft).
The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle (NES/Game Boy game by Kemco)
The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle 2 (Game Boy game by Kemco)
The Bugs Bunny Birthday Blowout (NES game by Kemco)
Road Runner's Death Valley Rally (Super NES game by Sunsoft)
Wile E. Coyote's Revenge (Super NES game by Sunsoft)
Desert Speedtrap (Sega Game Gear and Sega Master System game by Sega/Probe Software)
Bugs Bunny: Crazy Castle 3 (Game Boy game by Kemco)
Desert Demolition (Sega Mega Drive/Genesis game by Sega/BlueSky Software)
Sheep, Dog, 'n' Wolf (for the original PlayStation and published by Infogrames, actually based on the Wolf and Sheepdog cartoons, but Road Runner does make two cameo appearances)
Looney Tunes B-Ball (Wile E. is a playable character)
Space Jam
Looney Tunes Racing (Wile E. is a playable character. The Road Runner is also seen in the game.)
Taz: Wanted (Wile E. appears)
Looney Tunes: Back in Action (published by Electronic Arts)
Looney Tunes Double Pack (published by Majesco Entertainment, developed by WayForward Technologies, where "Acme Antics" is the Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner half of the double pack)
Looney Tunes: Space Race (Wile E. is a playable character.)
Looney Tunes Acme Arsenal (Wile E. has his own level in the PS2 version.)
Looney Tunes: Cartoon Conductor
Looney Tunes Dash (iOS and Android game)

text: The arcade game was originally to have been a laserdisc-based title incorporating footage from the actual Road Runner cartoons. Atari eventually decided that the format was too unreliable (laserdisc-based games required a great deal of maintenance) and switched it to more conventional raster-based hardware.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner have been frequently referenced in popular culture.

text: Wile E. Coyote has appeared twice in Family Guy: his first episode, "I Never Met the Dead Man", depicts him riding in a car with Peter Griffin; when Peter runs over the Road Runner and asks if he hit "that ostrich", Wile E. tells him to keep going.[24] His second appearance was in "PTV", in which Wile E. attempts to get a refund for a life-sized slingshot at an ACME retailer where Peter works. Peter says that Wile E. cannot return the slingshot, but can get store credit. Wile E's wife then arrives and tells her husband to hurry up.

text: Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner appeared in Seth MacFarlane's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy, in the short, "Die, Sweet Roadrunner, Die". In this short, Wile E. crushes the Road Runner with a large boulder and eats him, but then struggles to find purpose in life, having not trained for anything else other than chasing the Road Runner.[citation needed]

text: Guitarist Mark Knopfler created a song called "Coyote" in homage to the cartoon shows of Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, on the 2002 album The Ragpicker's Dream. The Tom Smith song "Operation Desert Storm", which won a Pegasus award for Best Fool Song in 1999, is about the different crazy ways the Coyote's plans fail.[25]

text: Humorist Ian Frazier created the mock-legal prose piece "Coyote v. Acme",[26] which is included in a book of the same name.


document_title: Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs

question_text: what soccer team has the most money in the world

root

text: Current ranking

text: As of 1 June 2017[1]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value
In millions

Debt as
% of value[2]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Manchester United
 England
4,583
6
11
850

2
Barcelona
 Spain
3,635
6
2
688

3
Real Madrid
 Spain
3,580
3
-2
688

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
2,713
0
1
657

5
Manchester City
 England
2,083
5
8
650

6
Arsenal
 England
1,932
16
-4
572

7
Chelsea
 England
1,845
0
11
583

8
Liverpool
 England
1,492
7
-4
523

9
Juventus
 Italy
1,258
7
-3
379

10
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
1,058
17
4
377

11
Paris Saint-Germain
 France
841
0
3
578

12
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
808
0
-3
315

13
A.C. Milan
 Italy
802
73
-3
238

14
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
732
9
16
234

15
West Ham United
 England
634
11
17
213

16
Schalke 04
 Germany
629
7
-4
249

17
Roma
 Italy
569
3
-2
242

18
Inter Milan
 Italy
537
37
-4
199

19
Leicester City
 England
413
0
-
191

20
Napoli
 Italy
379
0
-4
158

tag: table

text: Historical rankings

text: 2016 rankings

text: As of 1 May 2016[3]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
% of value[5]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Real Madrid
 Spain
3,645
3
12
694

2
Barcelona
 Spain
3,549
2
12
675

3
Manchester United
 England
3,317
20
7
625

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
2,678
0
14
570

5
Arsenal
 England
2,017
17
54
524

6
Manchester City
 England
1,921
0
40
558

7
Chelsea
 England
1,661
0
21
505

8
Liverpool
 England
1,548
5
58
471

9
Juventus
 Italy
1,299
4
55
390

10
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
1,017
2
69
310

11
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
836
0
19
338

12
A.C. Milan
 Italy
825
32
6
240

13
Paris Saint-Germain
 France
814
0
28
578

14
Schalke 04
 Germany
655
21
15
264

15
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
633
22
45
225

16
Inter Milan
 Italy
559
43
27
198

17
West Ham United
 England
542
6
76
194

18
Roma
 Italy
508
36
N/A
217

19
Napoli
 Italy
396
0
12
151

20
Newcastle United
 England
383
0
10
104

text: 2015 rankings

text: As of 6 May 2015[6]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
% of value[7]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Real Madrid
 Spain
3,260
4
-5
746

2
Barcelona
 Spain
3,160
3
-1
657

3
Manchester United
 England
3,100
20
10
703

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
2,350
0
27
661

5
Manchester City
 England
1,380
0
60
562

6
Chelsea
 England
1,370
0
58
526

7
Arsenal
 England
1,310
30
-2
487

8
Liverpool
 England
982
10
39
415

9
Juventus
 Italy
837
9
-2
379

10
A.C. Milan
 Italy
775
44
-9
339

11
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
700
6
17
355

12
Paris Saint-Germain
 France
634
0
53
643

13
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
600
9
17
293

14
Schalke 04
 Germany
572
0
-1
290

15
Inter Milan
 Italy
439
56
-9
222

16
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
436
53
33
231

17
Napoli
 Italy
353
0
19
224

18
Newcastle United
 England
349
0
N/A
210

19
West Ham United
 England
309
12
N/A
186

20
Galatasaray
 Turkey
294
17
-15
220

text: 2014 rankings

text: As of 15 July 2014[8]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Real Madrid
 Spain
3,440
4
675

2
Barcelona
 Spain
3,200
23
627

3
Manchester United
 England
2,810
-11
551

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
1,850
41
561

5
Arsenal
 England
1,331
0
370

6
Chelsea
 England
868
-4
394

7
Manchester City
 England
863
25
411

8
A.C. Milan
 Italy
856
-9
343

9
Juventus
 Italy
850
22
354

10
Liverpool
 England
704
8
313

11
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
599
31
333

12
Schalke 04
 Germany
580
16
258

13
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
514
-1
224

14
Inter Milan
 Italy
483
20
219

15
Paris Saint-Germain
 France
415
N/A
518

16
Galatasaray
 Turkey
347
N/A
204

17
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
328
33
156

18
Hamburg
 Germany
326
9
176

19
Roma
 Italy
307
19
162

20
Napoli
 Italy
296
-10
156

text: 2013 rankings

text: As of 17 April 2013[9]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Real Madrid
 Spain
3,300
76
650

2
Manchester United
 England
3,165
61
502

3
Barcelona
 Spain
2,600
99
613

4
Arsenal
 England
1,326
3
368

5
Bayern Munich
 Germany
1,309
6
468

6
A.C. Milan
 Italy
945
-4
326

7
Chelsea
 England
901
18
409

8
Juventus
 Italy
694
17
248

9
Manchester City
 England
689
56
362

10
Liverpool
 England
651
5
296

11
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
520
-8
226

12
Schalke 04
 Germany
498
-15
221

13
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
436
11
240

14
Inter Milan
 Italy
401
-18
236

15
Lyon
 France
368
-4
167

16
Corinthians
 Brazil
358
-
119

17
Napoli
 Italy
330
17
188

18
Hamburg
 Germany
300
-15
154

19
Marseille
 France
285
-18
167

20
Newcastle United
 England
263
9
146

text: 2012 rankings

text: As of 19 April 2012[10]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Manchester United
 England
1,965
5
532

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,877
34
695

3
Barcelona
 Spain
1,307
34
653

4
Arsenal
 England
1,292
8
364

5
Bayern Munich
 Germany
1,235
12
466

6
A.C. Milan
 Italy
989
18
341

7
Chelsea
 England
761
16
362

8
Liverpool
 England
619
12
295

9
Juventus
 Italy
591
-6
223

10
Schalke 04
 Germany
587
56
293

11
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
564
37
262

12
Inter Milan
 Italy
490
11
307

13
Manchester City
 England
443
52
246

14
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
394
52
197

15
Lyon
 France
385
8
193

16
Hamburg
 Germany
355
4
187

17
Roma
 Italy
354
38
208

18
Marseille
 France
349
26
218

19
Valencia
 Spain
288
-
186

20
Napoli
 Italy
283
-
167

text: 2011 rankings

text: As of 20 April 2011[11]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)

1
Manchester United
 England
1,864
1
428

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,400
10
537

3
Arsenal
 England
1,200
1
336

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
1,100
6
396

5
Barcelona
 Spain
975
-2
488

6
A.C. Milan
 Italy
838
5
289

7
Chelsea
 England
658
2
313

8
Juventus
 Italy
628
-4
251

9
Liverpool
 England
552
-33
276

10
Inter Milan
 Italy
441
7
275

11
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
412
11
179

12
Schalke
 Germany
377
-2
171

13
Lyon
 France
358
8
179

14
Hamburg
 Germany
340
3
179

15
Manchester City
 England
291
13
153

16
Stuttgart
 Germany
281
0
141

17
Werder Bremen
 Germany
279
2
147

18
Marseille
 France
277
6
173

19
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
275
6
153

20
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
260
-1
124

text: 2010 rankings

text: As of April 2010[12][13]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
% of value[14]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)
Operating
income ($m)[15]

1
Manchester United
 England
1,835
46
-2
459
150

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,323
54
-2
563
130

3
Arsenal
 England
1,181
41
-2
369
102

4
Barcelona
 Spain
1,000
58
4
513
113

5
Bayern Munich
 Germany
990
14
-11
406
61

6
Liverpool
 England
822
47
-19
304
37

7
A.C. Milan
 Italy
800
0
-19
276
41

8
Juventus
 Italy
656
3
9
285
57

9
Chelsea
 England
646
8
-19
340
-73

10
Inter Milan
 Italy
413
0
12
276
-14

11
Schalke
 Germany
384
50
-25
175
-7

12
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
372
29
-16
186
35

13
Lyon
 France
333
10
-21
196
5

14
Hamburg
 Germany
329
0
0
206
41

15
Roma
 Italy
308
0
-19
205
25

16
Werder Bremen
 Germany
274
0
-6
161
24

17
Marseille
 France
262
0
9
187
19

18
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
261
32
-20
145
8

19
Manchester City
 England
258
0
-17
143
-56

20
Newcastle United
 England
198
8
-30
142
-49

text: 2009 rankings

text: As of April 2009[16]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
% of value[14]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)
Operating
income ($m)[15]

1
Manchester United
 England
1,870
54
4
512
160

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,353
23
5
576
81

3
Arsenal
 England
1,200
107
0
349
80

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
1,110
0
21
465
59

5
Liverpool
 England
1,010
59
-4
332
50

6
A.C. Milan
 Italy
990
0
24
330
58

7
Barcelona
 Spain
960
43
22
487
108

8
Chelsea
 England
800
92
5
424
-13

9
Juventus
 Italy
600
5
18
264
46

10
Schalke
 Germany
510
38
9
234
41

11
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
445
29
12
228
70

12
Lyon
 France
423
18
4
245
94

13
Roma
 Italy
381
9
-12
276
69

14
Inter Milan
 Italy
370
77
-8
272
27

15
Hamburg
 Germany
330
0
13
202
44

16
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
325
33
1
183
9

17
Manchester City
 England
310
0
62
164
-16

18
Werder Bremen
 Germany
292
0
12
177
27

19
Newcastle United
 England
285
96
-5
198
-13

20
Stuttgart
 Germany
264
0
not reported
176
18

21
Aston Villa
 England
240
10
26
150
1

21
Marseille
 France
240
0
28
200
20

23
Celtic
 Scotland
218
14
-4
145
11

24
Everton
 England
207
49
5
151
14

25
Rangers
 Scotland
194
86
not reported
128
15

text: 2008 rankings

text: As of April 2008[17]

text:
Rank
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
%of value[14]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)
Operating
income($m)[15]

1
Manchester United
 England
1,800
60
24
394
111

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,285
27
24
474
112

3
Arsenal
 England
1,200
43
31
329
77

4
Liverpool
 England
1,050
65
131
269
60

5
Bayern Munich
 Germany
917
0
9
302
72

6
A.C. Milan
 Italy
798
0
-3
307
54

7
Barcelona
 Spain
784
27
47
392
92

8
Chelsea
 England
764
0
42
382
-5

9
Juventus
 Italy
510
5
-10
196
35

10
Schalke
 Germany
470
48
0
154
36

11
Roma
 Italy
434
12
94
213
48

12
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
414
15
70
207
64

13
Lyon
 France
408
7
19
190
15

14
Inter Milan
 Italy
403
0
-27
207
21

15
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
323
57
63
122
31

16
Newcastle United
 England
300
43
16
175
12

17
Hamburg
 Germany
293
0
32
163
41

18
Werder Bremen
 Germany
262
0
n/a
131
11

19
Valencia
 Spain
254
159
31
145
-45

20
Celtic
 Scotland
227
11
23
151
48

21
Everton
 England
197
30
24
103
-1

22
West Ham United
 England
195
23
25
115
-22

23
Manchester City
 England
191
63
-8
114
27

24
Aston Villa
 England
190
12
36
106
-40

25
Marseille
 France
187
0
19
134
13

text: Manchester United increased from $1.2 billion to $1.8 billion still remaining at top. While Real Madrid remains second due to an increase of $400 million. Arsenal also remain third after an approximate increase of $350 million.

tag: ul

text: 2007 rankings

text: This is the list released in March 2007.

text:
#
Team
Country
Value ($M)[4]
Debt as
%of value[14]
% change
on year
Revenue ($M)
Operating
income($m)[15]

1
Manchester United
 England
1,453
84
6
310
92

2
Real Madrid
 Spain
1,036
10
2
000
83

3
Arsenal
 England
915
53
9
246
20

4
Bayern Munich
 Germany
838
0
9
262
62

5
A.C. Milan
 Italy
824
0
-10
305
46

6
Juventus
 Italy
567
17
-18
321
45

7
Inter Milan
 Italy
555
n/a
10
264
26

8
Chelsea
 England
537
28
6
283
-37

9
Barcelona
 Spain
535
12
22
331
12

10
Schalke
 Germany
471
53
45
157
37

11
Liverpool
 England
454
18
28
225
37

12
Lyon
 France
343
n/a
65
163
10

13
Newcastle United
 England
260
46
-14
159
11

14
Tottenham Hotspur
 England
243
0
27
137
9

15
Roma
 Italy
224
0
-15
162
53

16
Hamburg
 Germany
221
n/a
n/a
130
31

17
Manchester City
 England
208
83
-6
114
9

18
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
199
126
61
114
1

19
Ajax
 Netherlands
196
0
13
95
9

20
Celtic
 Scotland
185
14
18
106
-8

21
Everton
 England
165
32
34
107
-15

22
Marseille
 France
157
n/a
n/a
105
6

23
West Ham United
 England
156
27
n/a
111
6

24
Rangers
 Scotland
147
7
32
113
12

25
Aston Villa
 England
140
16
16
91
-21


document_title: Between Scylla and Charybdis

question_text: where is scylla and charybdis located in the odyssey

text: Between Scylla and Charybdis

text: The myth and the proverb[edit]

text: Scylla and Charybdis were mythical sea monsters noted by Homer; Greek mythology sited them on opposite sides of the Strait of Messina between Sicily and the Italian mainland. Scylla was rationalized as a rock shoal (described as a six-headed sea monster) on the Italian side of the strait and Charybdis was a whirlpool off the coast of Sicily. They were regarded as a sea hazard located close enough to each other that they posed an inescapable threat to passing sailors; avoiding Charybdis meant passing too close to Scylla and vice versa. According to Homer, Odysseus was forced to choose which monster to confront while passing through the strait; he opted to pass by Scylla and lose only a few sailors, rather than risk the loss of his entire ship in the whirlpool.

text: Because of such stories, having to navigate between the two hazards eventually entered idiomatic use. Another equivalent English seafaring phrase is, "Between a rock and a hard place".[1] The Latin line incidit in scyllam cupiens vitare charybdim (he runs into Scylla, wishing to avoid Charybdis) had earlier become proverbial, with a meaning much the same as jumping from the frying pan into the fire. Erasmus recorded it as an ancient proverb in his Adagia, although the earliest known instance is in the Alexandreis, a 12th-century Latin epic poem by Walter of Châtillon.[2]

text: Cultural and popular references[edit]

text: The myth was given an allegorical interpretation by the French poet Barthélemy Aneau in his emblem book Picta Poesis (1552). There one is advised to choose the risk of being envied for wealth or reputation rather than swallowed by the Charybdis of poverty. "Choose the lesser of these evils. A wise man would rather be envied than miserable."[3]

text: The story was often applied to political situations at a later date. In James Gillray's cartoon, Britannia between Scylla and Charybdis (3 June 1793),[4] 'William Pitt helms the ship Constitution, containing an alarmed Britannia, between the rock of democracy (with the liberty cap on its summit) and the whirlpool of arbitrary power (in the shape of an inverted crown), to the distant haven of liberty'.[5] This was in the context of the effect of the French Revolution on politics in Britain. That the dilemma had still to be resolved in the aftermath of the revolution is suggested by Percy Bysshe Shelley's returning to the idiom in his 1820 essay A Defence of Poetry: "The rich have become richer, and the poor have become poorer; and the vessel of the state is driven between the Scylla and Charybdis of anarchy and despotism."[6]

text: A later Punch caricature by John Tenniel, dated 10 October 1863, pictures the Prime Minister Lord Palmerston carefully steering the British ship of state between the perils of Scylla, a craggy rock in the form of a grim-visaged Abraham Lincoln, and Charybdis, a whirlpool which foams and froths into a likeness of Jefferson Davis. A shield emblazoned "Neutrality" hangs on the ship's thwarts, referring to how Palmerston tried to maintain a strict impartiality towards both combatants in the American Civil War.[7] American satirical magazine Puck also used the myth in a caricature by F. Graetz, dated November 26, 1884, in which the unmarried President-elect Grover Cleveland rows desperately between snarling monsters captioned "Mother-in-law" and "Office Seekers".[8]

text: Victor Hugo uses the equivalent French idiom (tomber de Charybde en Scylla) in his novel Les Miserables (1862), again in a political context, as a metaphor for the staging of two rebel barricades during the climactic uprising in Paris, around which the final events of the book culminate. The first chapter of the final volume is entitled "The Charybdis of the Faubourg Saint Antoine and the Scylla of the Faubourg du Temple".

text: By the time of Nicholas Monsarrat's 1951 war novel, The Cruel Sea, however, we find the upper-class junior officer, Morell, being teased by his middle-class—and more progressive—peer, Lockhart, for using such an old-fashioned phrase.

text: Nevertheless, the idiom has since taken on new life in pop lyrics. In The Police's 1983 single "Wrapped Around Your Finger", the second line uses it as a metaphor for being in a dangerous relationship; this is reinforced by a later mention of the similar idiom of "the devil and the deep blue sea".[9][10] American heavy metal band Trivium also referenced the idiom in "Torn Between Scylla and Charybdis", a track from their 2008 album Shogun, in which the lyrics are about having to choose "between death and doom".[11]


document_title: Santa Fe High School shooting

question_text: when did the santa fe school shooting start

text: Santa Fe High School shooting

text: Shooting[edit]

text: The shooter began firing a weapon into an art class at the school at around 7:40 a.m. CDT.[5] The incident occurred in the school's art complex which consists of four rooms connected to one another with interior hallways, and other rooms.[6] Witnesses said the two targeted classrooms are connected by a ceramics room the shooter accessed by damaging a door window.[7]

text: One wounded victim told reporters the shooter walked into the classroom and pointed at another person, saying "I'm going to kill you."[8] According to a witness, students barricaded themselves in the art classroom storage closet, and the shooter shot through the door with a shotgun. He left the art room briefly, causing students to leave the closet and attempt to barricade the art room door, but he pushed the door open. Upon spotting a student he knew, he said "Surprise!" and shot the student in the chest.[9] Students are credited with giving victims medical attention in an effort to provide aid.[10]

text: Police officers stationed at the school engaged with the shooter, with one officer being wounded and admitted in critical condition to a local hospital.[11] After shooting into the ceramics room, he was engaged by a Santa Fe school police officer and a Texas State Trooper who attempted to have him surrender peacefully.[12] He reportedly threatened to shoot the officers and repeatedly fired rounds while arguing with the police.[7] He surrendered to the officers after being injured during the shooting.[13] The Galveston County Sheriff said officers engaged him within four minutes, and allowed for the safe evacuation of other students and faculty.[6]

text: Parents were kept off school grounds during the response to the shooting, with parents being directed to the Alamo gym by 8 AM. Students were then evacuated to the gym and reunited with their parents.[10]

text: The shooter told police he meant to kill the classmates he shot and wanted to spare the students he liked, so he could "have his story told."[8][14] The shooting lasted about 25 minutes until he was arrested.[15]

text: According to the probable cause affidavit and complaint filed by law enforcement, the shooter used a pump-action Remington Model 870 shotgun and a  .38-caliber revolver.[16]  Both firearms appear to have been legally owned by his father.[17]  Various types of explosive devices were found at the school and off campus, as well as a Molotov cocktail,[4][18] and residents in the surrounding area were warned to be aware of all suspicious objects.[19]

text: Two other people were detained by police as persons of interest. One was detained at the scene due to "suspicious reactions" after the shooting, and another was described as being interviewed.[12]

text: Victims[edit]

text: Ten people were killed and thirteen people were injured. The eight students and two teachers killed were:[20][21]

text:
Jared Conard Black, age 17[22]
Shana Fisher, 16[23]
Christian Riley Garcia, 15
Aaron Kyle McLeod, 15
Glenda Anne Perkins, 64 (teacher)
Angelique Ramirez, 15
Sabika Sheikh, 17 (exchange student from Pakistan)[24][25]
Christopher Stone, 17[26]
Cynthia Tisdale, 63 (teacher)[27]
Kimberly Vaughan, 14

text: Suspect[edit]

text: The suspected shooter was identified by police as Dimitrios Pagourtzis (born October 12, 2000)[28][14] He is charged with capital murder of multiple persons and aggravated assault against public servant; and held in custody without bail.[29] If convicted, he faces a maximum sentence of 40 years to life.[30]

text: According to at least one witness, Pagourtzis was the victim of bullying by multiple students and coaches.[31][32] The school refuted the allegations of bullying by faculty.[33] One of his former teachers described him as "quiet, but he wasn't quiet in a creepy way."[34] and had never seen him draw or write anything in his class journal that she found suspicious or unusual.[34] Pagourtzis was on the honor roll, and he played on the school football team.[35]

text: Pagourtzis's journals on his computer and cell phone, found by police after the shooting, suggested to Governor Greg Abbott "not only did he want to commit the shooting, but he wanted to commit suicide after the shooting, planned on doing this for some time. He advertised his intentions but somehow slipped through the cracks".[36][37]

text: Classmates recounted how at a water park the day before the shooting Pagourtzis did not show any signs of his plans, and seemed friendly and funny.[7] Other classmates have called him a "weird loner" and that he "never seemed right".[38]

text: The New York Times and Los Angeles Times highlighted Pagourtzis's social media presence. On April 30, Pagourtzis posted a photo of a shirt with the words "Born to Kill" on his Facebook page.[39] The Facebook page also included photos of his black duster coat with several buttons on it, with an accompanying caption: "Hammer and Sickle=Rebellion. Rising Sun=Kamikaze Tactics. Iron Cross=Bravery. Baphomet=Evil. Cthulu=Power."[35][39] The Facebook page has since been taken down.[39]

text: Family statement[edit]

text: In a published statement, Pagourtzis' family extended their prayers and condolences to the victims and thanked first responders for their assistance. According to the statement, they were as shocked by the event as everyone else. The family stated they were cooperating with authorities and requested the media and others to respect their privacy and that of the victims.[40]

text: While speaking to reporters, Pagourtzis' father, an immigrant from Greece, claimed that his son's history of being bullied was the reasoning behind the shooting.[41]

text: Legal proceedings[edit]

text: Pagourtzis was booked into the Galveston County Jail on ten capital murder charges, along with multiple counts of aggravated assault. He was ordered held without bond.[14] Pagourtzis is represented by attorneys hired by his parents.[42]

text: Despite the nature of the crime and the continued usage of capital punishment in Texas, 17-year-old Pagourtzis is ineligible for the death penalty if convicted, due to the 2005 Roper v. Simmons Supreme Court ruling declaring that the death sentence for minors constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

text: Separate filings[edit]

text: The parents of victim Chris Stone filed a lawsuit against Pagourtzis's parents, claiming his father did not properly secure his weapons and the parents were negligent in entrusting their son with the firearms.[43] Under Texas law guns cannot be made accessible to minors outside hunting or under parental supervision, and if broken the penalty can be up to a year in jail and a $4,000 fine if the weapon causes serious injury or death.[44] The parents of a second victim Aaron McLeod, joined the lawsuit with additional allegations against the parents of Pagourtzis. Both families are alleging in addition to the above, the failure to obtain mental health counseling and support, and failure to warn the public of their sons "dangerous propensities".[45]

text: Reactions[edit]

text: U.S. President Donald Trump expressed his condolences in a press conference shortly following the shootings, and said his "administration is determined to do everything in [its] power to protect our students".[46] On May 31, Trump met with victims, families, and others affected, to discuss the event and trying to find prevention methods.[47]

text: Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos said, "Our schools must be safe and nurturing environments for learning. No student should have to experience the trauma suffered by so many today and in similar events prior. We simply cannot allow this trend to continue.”[48]

text: Democratic Leader and U.S. Representative Nancy Pelosi expressed her condolences and thanked the first responders. She also called for Congress to act and vote now to prevent gun violence.[49]

text: Texas Governor Greg Abbott said in a press briefing that the attack was "one of the most heinous attacks that we've ever seen in the history of Texas schools."[50] He also called for all Texans to hold a moment of silence on May 21 at 10:00 AM CDT in honor of the victims, their families and first responders.[51]

text: Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick said the design of Texas schools with "too many entrances and too many exits" may have to be reconsidered.[52] He said the issue is “not about the guns, it's about us.”[53]

text: The organizers of the March for Our Lives, from the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting three months earlier, tweeted "Though this is the 22nd school shooting this year, we urge those reading this not to sweep it under the rug and forget."[54]

text: John Barnes, a police officer wounded in the shooting rampage, was hailed as a hero for tackling the shooter and saving many lives despite blood loss.[55]

text: School response[edit]

text: The Santa Fe Independent School District has an active shooter plan, and two armed police officers that interacted with students in the school. In the year prior to the shooting, the school district leadership made plans to arm teachers and staff through the Texas School Marshal Program. After the shooting, the president of the school district's Board of Trustees said the district's policies and procedures worked, and that it was not the failure of the procedures that accounted for the incident, adding someone intent on entering the school to create havoc would be able to do so in any event.[56]

text: As a result of the mass shooting, the district plans to renovate the northwest area of the campus, including sealing off the art rooms in which the shooting occurred as well as the adjacent hallway. A new hallway and counselor's office will be installed.[57]

text: Memorials[edit]

text: Students organized a candlelight vigil on May 18.[58] Ten white crosses have been placed in front of the school to memorialize the deceased.[41] The white crosses were removed prior to the start of the 2018/19 school year.[citation needed]

text: President Trump ordered all U.S. flags flown at half-staff from May 18 until sunset on May 22.[59]

text: Fundraisers and support[edit]

text: Blood drives were  set up to support the local hospitals.[60]

text: Houston Texans football player J. J. Watt offered to pay the funeral expenses of all the deceased.[61] Local funeral homes, florists, pastors offered heavily discounted or free rates for families of the deceased.[62]

text: On May 26, 2018, multiple fundraisers were held to raise money. One local business sponsored a fundraiser which brought in $257,000 for the victims.[63]

text: Unrelated weapon offenses[edit]

text: The following Monday there were five arrests in the Greater Houston area for bringing weapons to school or making threats in the Friendswood, Huffman, Cleveland, Clear Creek, and Texas City Independent School Districts.[64]


document_title: Thelma Lou

question_text: where did thelma lou work on andy griffith

text: Thelma Lou

text: Overview[edit]

text: Thelma Lou lives in the community of Mayberry, North Carolina. She is Mayberry Deputy Sheriff Barney Fife's girlfriend. Thelma Lou appeared as a semi-regular character in 26 episodes of The Andy Griffith Show from 1961 until 1966 when the character was dropped from the show following the departure of Don Knotts and his Barney Fife character. She appeared in the 1986 reunion made-for-television movie, Return to Mayberry.

text: First appearance[edit]

text:
Thelma Lou's debut occurs in the first-season episode, "Cyrano Andy". Barney and Thelma Lou are platonic friends but their relationship becomes
(and remains) a romantic one with Andy's help.

text: Thelma Lou's telelife[edit]

text: Little is known about Thelma Lou's telelife, despite her impressive role in the series. Barney met Thelma Lou at Wilton Blair's funeral in 1960. In another episode, it is mentioned that she attended Mayberry Union High, graduating in the same class with Barney and Andy Taylor. Aside from her romance with Barney Fife, she was given very little character development during the series' run. She was generally portrayed as a sweet-natured, somewhat touchy, caring person who genuinely had an understanding of Barney, despite his unbecoming antics and personality problems. She sang in the choir, lived in her own home, and was apparently employed at an office and self-sufficient. Like most Mayberry ladies, she is an accomplished cook, being especially celebrated for her "cashew fudge" (a favorite of Barney's). Thelma Lou's last name was never given on the show,though in her last appearance on the series ("The Return of Barney Fife") she is married to a man named Gerald Whitfield. Her occupation is never revealed, but she mentions once that she "had to get back to the office."  Prior to the arrival of Helen Crump in Mayberry,  Lydia Crosswaithe is introduced as one of Thelma Lou's friends.  Unfortunately, Lydia's extremely odd personality doomed an effort by Barney and "Thel" to arrange a date and possible romantic match with Andy.

text: Barney and Thelma Lou[edit]

text: The stability of Barney and Thelma Lou's relationship is questionable. Barney dates other women besides Thelma Lou (mainly, diner waitress Juanita, who is mentioned but never seen or heard).

text: The two call it Splitsville in one episode when Barney pays a bit too much attention to an attractive newcomer to Mayberry. Despite their ups and downs, Thelma Lou stated that Barney was the man she wanted to marry and be the father of her children, and Barney once told Thelma Lou, "You're the only one I ever gave a hoot for."  He also tells her "You're the cat's" (as in "cat's  meow"). A running gag on the show involved Barney and Thelma Lou spending a "quiet evening together" and somebody (usually Andy) walking in on them to find Barney's hair mussed and lipstick prints all over his face.

text: Barney and Thelma Lou went their separate ways when Barney left Mayberry to join the Raleigh police force (coinciding with Don Knotts's departure from the series in 1965). In the sixth-season episode, "The Return of Barney Fife", Barney returns to Mayberry for a high school reunion. Intent on getting back with Thelma Lou, Barney discovers she has been married six weeks to a man named Gerald Whitfield. This episode is Thelma Lou's final appearance on the series.

text: Subsequent appearance[edit]

text: Thelma Lou appeared in the 1986 television reunion movie Return to Mayberry.  It was revealed her marriage in 1965 had lasted only a year before ending in divorce. Barney finally marries Thelma Lou.

text: Andy Griffith Show appearances[edit]

text: The following is a list of Andy Griffith Show episodes featuring Thelma Lou.

text:
Episode 22: "Cyrano Andy"
Episode 30: "Barney Gets His Man"

text:
Episode 2: "Barney's Replacement"
Episode 5: "Barney on the Rebound"
Episode 8: "The Perfect Female"
Episode 13: "The Farmer Takes a Wife"
Episode 20: "Barney and the Choir"
Episode 27: "Three's a Crowd"

text:
Episode 2: "Andy's Rich Girlfriend"
Episode 6: "Barney Mends a Broken Heart"
Episode 27: "Barney's First Car"
Episode 28: "The Rivals"
Episode 29: "A Wife for Andy"

text:
Episode 9: "A Date for Gomer"
Episode 10: "Up in Barney's Room"
Episode 13: "Barney and the Cave Rescue"
Episode 27: "Fun Girls"
Episode 29: "The Rumor"
Episode 30: "Barney and Thelma Lou, Phfftt"

text:
Episode 2: "Barney's Physical"
Episode 7: "Man in the Middle"
Episode 19: "The Lucky Letter"
Episode 20: "Goober and the Art of Love"
Episode 21: "Barney Runs for Sheriff"
Episode 28: "The Arrest of the Fun Girls"

text: Episode 17: "The Return of Barney Fife"


document_title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

question_text: i'm a celebrity get me out of here australia winner 2018

question_tokens: i 'm a celebrity get me out of here australia winner 2018

text: Format[edit]

text: The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".

text: Tucker trials[edit]

text: The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.

text: Celebrity chest challenges[edit]

text: Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.

text: Secret mission[edit]

text: This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.

text: Mystery box[edit]

text: A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.

text: Production[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The show is broadcast Sunday to Thursday at 7.30 pm, with a weekly eviction show on Sunday (except for the first week, where the celebrities arrive in the 'jungle'). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.

text: The fallout zone[edit]

text: In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.

text: Public voting[edit]

text: Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity to 1995 1010) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to compete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.

text: Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Winners crowned King or Queen of their respective year.

text: Key:

text:
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places

Winner
Second place
Third place

1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
45
14
Freddie Flintoff
Barry Hall
Chrissie Swan

2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
45
12
Brendan Fevola
Paul Harragon
Laurina Fleure

3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
13 March 2017 (2017-03-13)
46
14
Casey Donovan
Dane Swan
Natalie Bassingthwaighte

4
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
12 March 2018 (2018-03-12)
45
15
Fiona O'Loughlin
Shannon Noll
Danny Green

5

2019
2019

text: Series results[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Freddie Flintoff
England and Wales cricketer
17
45
Winner

 Barry Hall
Former AFL forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Chrissie Swan
Television & radio broadcaster
1
45
Third Place

 Maureen McCormick
The Brady Bunch actress
1
42
Evicted 11th

 Joel Creasey
Comedian
1
41
Evicted 10th

 Anna Heinrich
The Bachelor Australia star
10
41
Evicted 9th

 Julie Goodwin
Chef & cookbook author
17
40
Evicted 8th

 Merv Hughes
Former test match cricketer
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Tyson Mayr
Model
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Andrew Daddo
Television & radio presenter
1
31
Evicted 5th

 Lauren Brant
Hi-5 singer
1
24
Evicted 4th

 Laura Dundovic
Miss Universe Australia 2008
1
17
Evicted 3rd

 Tim Robards
The Bachelor Australia star
10
17
Evicted 2nd

 Leisel Jones
Olympic swimmer
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Brendan Fevola
AFL full-forward
1
45
Winner

 Paul Harragon
Former NRL prop forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Laurina Fleure
The Bachelor Australia 2 star
1
45
Third Place

 Anthony Callea
Singer-songwriter
1
42
Evicted 9th

 Shane Warne
Retired international cricketer
2
41
Evicted 8th

 Havana Brown
DJ
1
40
Evicted 7th

 Jo Beth Taylor
Television presenter
1
39
Evicted 6th

 Val Lehman
Prisoner actress
1
38
Evicted 5th

 Dean Geyer
Glee actor
1
31
Evicted 4th

 Bonnie Lythgoe
So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge
1
24
Evicted 3rd

 Akmal Saleh
Comedian
1
17
Evicted 2nd

 Courtney Hancock
Ironwoman
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Casey Donovan
Singer-songwriter (Australian Idol Winner)
1
46
Winner

 Dane Swan
AFL Legend
1
46
Runner-Up

 Natalie Bassingthwaighte
Singer & Actress
1
46
Third Place

 Nazeem Hussain
Comedian
1
45
Evicted 11th

 Steve Price
Radio Shock Jock
1
42
Evicted 10th

 Lisa Curry
Olympic Swimmer
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Ash Pollard
My Kitchen Rules contestant
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Carson Kressley
TV Personality
25
39
Evicted 7th

 Tegan Martin
Beauty Queen
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Keira Maguire
The Bachelor Australia 4 star
19
35
Evicted 5th

 Kris Smith
TV Personality & Model
2
35
Evicted 4th

 Tziporah Malkah
Former Model
2
31
Evicted 3rd

 Jay Laga'aia
Actor & Singer
1
24
Evicted 2nd

 Tom Arnold
Hollywood Actor
1
17
Evicted 1st

text: Season 4 (2018)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Fiona O'Loughlin
Comedian
1
45
Winner

 Shannon Noll
Singer
1
45
Runner-up

 Danny Green
Boxer
7
45
Third place

 Vicky Pattison
Reality TV Star (I'm a Celeb UK, Winner)
17
44
Evicted 10th

 Simone Holtznagel
Model
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Peter Rowsthorn
Actor & Comedian
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Jackie Gillies
Psychic & Reality TV Star
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Josh Gibson
AFL Player
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Paul Burrell
Former Royal Butler (I'm a Celeb UK, Runner Up)
17
37
Evicted 5th

 Lisa Oldfield
Reality TV Star
24
34
Evicted 4th

 David Oldfield
Former Politician
24
30
Evicted 3rd

 Kerry Armstrong
Actress
1
23
Evicted 2nd

 Tiffany Darwish
Singer
1
16
Evicted 1st

 Anthony Mundine
Boxer
2
12
Withdrew

 Bernard Tomic
Tennis Player
1
3
Withdrew

text: Season 5 (2019)[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source

Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank

1
31
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
1.199
4
1.136
5
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
0.999
8
1.144
3
[14][15]

2
31
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
1.324
3
1.081
5
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
0.719
8
0.858
6
[16][17]

3
32
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
1.103
7
0.963
8
13 March 2017
0.989
6
1.056
2
[18][19]

4
31
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
1.274
4
1.108
5
12 March 2018
0.684
11
0.804
8
[20][21]

5

2019

2019

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.

2016
Logie Awards of 2016
Best Reality Program
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[22]

2017
Logie Awards of 2017
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[23]

2018
Logie Awards of 2018
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
N/A

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[24]