document_title: Water of crystallization

question_text: one of most common solvent used for crystallization is

text: Water of crystallization

text: Nomenclature[edit]

text: In molecular formulas water of crystallization can be denoted in different ways:

text: "hydrated compound⋅nH2O" or "hydrated compound×nH2O"

text: "hydrated compound(H2O)n"

text: Both notations can be combined as for example in copper(II) sulfate: [Cu(H2O)4]SO4·H2O

text: Position in the crystal structure[edit]

text: A salt with associated water of crystallization is known as a hydrate. The structure of hydrates can be quite elaborate, because of the existence of hydrogen bonds that define polymeric structures.[3] [4] Historically, the structures of many hydrates were unknown, and the dot in the formula of a hydrate was employed to specify the composition without indicating how the water is bound. Examples:

text:
CuSO4•5H2O - copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
CoCl2•6H2O - cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate
SnCl2•2H2O - tin(II) (or stannous) chloride dihydrate

text: For many salts, the exact bonding of the water is unimportant because the water molecules are labilized upon dissolution. For example, an aqueous solution prepared from CuSO4•5H2O and anhydrous CuSO4 behave identically. Therefore, knowledge of the degree of hydration is important only for determining the equivalent weight: one mole of CuSO4•5H2O weighs more than one mole of CuSO4. In some cases, the degree of hydration can be critical to the resulting chemical properties. For example, anhydrous RhCl3 is not soluble in water and is relatively useless in organometallic chemistry whereas RhCl3•3H2O is versatile. Similarly, hydrated AlCl3 is a poor Lewis acid and thus inactive as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions. Samples of AlCl3 must therefore be protected from atmospheric moisture to preclude the formation of hydrates.

text: Crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate consist of [Cu(H2O)4]2+ centers linked to SO42− ions. Copper is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, provided by two different sulfate groups and four molecules of water. A fifth water resides elsewhere in the framework but does not bind directly to copper.[5] The cobalt chloride mentioned above occurs as [Co(H2O)6]2+ and Cl−. In tin chloride, each Sn(II) center is pyramidal (mean O/Cl-Sn-O/Cl angle is 83°) being bound to two chloride ions and one water. The second water in the formula unit is hydrogen-bonded to the chloride and to the coordinated water molecule. Water of crystallization is stabilized by electrostatic attractions, consequently hydrates are common for salts that contain +2 and +3 cations as well as −2 anions. In some cases, the majority of the weight of a compound arises from water. Glauber's salt, Na2SO4(H2O)10, is a white crystalline solid with greater than 50% water by weight.

text: Consider the case of nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate. This species has the formula NiCl2(H2O)6. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the solid consists of [trans-NiCl2(H2O)4] subunits that are hydrogen bonded to each other as well as two additional molecules of H2O. Thus 1/3 of the water molecules in the crystal are not directly bonded to Ni2+, and these might be termed "water of crystallization".

text: Analysis[edit]

text: The water content of most compounds can be determined with a knowledge of its formula. An unknown sample can be determined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) where the sample is heated strongly, and the accurate weight of a sample is plotted against the temperature. The amount of water driven off is then divided by the molar mass of water to obtain the number of molecules of water bound to the salt.

text: Other solvents of crystallization[edit]

text: Water is particularly common solvent to be found in crystals because it is small and polar. But all solvents can be found in some host crystals. Water is noteworthy because it is reactive, whereas other solvents such as benzene are considered to be chemically innocuous. Occasionally more than one solvent is found in a crystal, and often the stoichiometry is variable, reflected in the crystallographic concept of "partial occupancy." It is common and conventional for a chemist to "dry" a sample with a combination of vacuum and heat "to constant weight."

text: For other solvents of crystallization, analysis is conveniently accomplished by dissolving the sample in a deuterated solvent and analyzing the sample for solvent signals by NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray crystallography is often able to detect the presence of these solvents of crystallization as well. Other methods may be currently available.

text: Table of crystallization water in some inorganic halides[edit]

text: In the table below are indicated the number of molecules of water per metal in various salts.[6][7]

text:
Formula of
hydrated metal halides
Coordination
sphere of the metal
Equivalents of water of crystallization
that are not bound to M
Remarks

CaCl2(H2O)6
[Ca(μ-H2O)6(H2O)3]2+
none
Case of water as a bridging ligand[8]

VCl3(H2O)6
trans-[VCl2(H2O)4]+
two

VBr3(H2O)6
trans-[VBr2(H2O)4]+
two
bromides and chlorides are usually similar

VI3(H2O)6
[V(H2O)6]3+
none
iodide competes poorly with water

CrCl3(H2O)6
trans-[CrCl2(H2O)4]+
two
dark green isomer, aka "Bjerrums's salt"

CrCl3(H2O)6
[CrCl(H2O)5]2+
one
blue-green isomer

CrCl2(H2O)4
trans-[CrCl2(H2O)4]
none
square planar/tetragonal distortion

CrCl3(H2O)6
[Cr(H2O)6]3+
none
[9]

AlCl3(H2O)6
[Al(H2O)6]3+
none
isostructural with the Cr(III) compound

MnCl2(H2O)6
trans-[MnCl2(H2O)4]
two

MnCl2(H2O)4
cis-[MnCl2(H2O)4]
none
cis molecular, the unstable trans isomer has also been detected[10]

MnBr2(H2O)4
cis-[MnBr2(H2O)4]
none
cis, molecular

MnCl2(H2O)2
trans-[MnCl4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging chloride

MnBr2(H2O)2
trans-[MnBr4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging bromide

FeCl2(H2O)6
trans-[FeCl2(H2O)4]
two

FeCl2(H2O)4
trans-[FeCl2(H2O)4]
none
molecular

FeBr2(H2O)4
trans-[FeBr2(H2O)4]
none
molecular

FeCl2(H2O)2
trans-[FeCl4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging chloride

FeCl3(H2O)6
trans-[FeCl2(H2O)4]
two
only hydrate of ferric chloride, isostructural with Cr analogue

CoCl2(H2O)6
trans-[CoCl2(H2O)4]
two

CoBr2(H2O)6
trans-[CoBr2(H2O)4]
two

CoI2(H2O)6
[Co(H2O)6]2+
none[11]
iodide competes poorly with water

CoBr2(H2O)4
trans-[CoBr2(H2O)4]
none
molecular

CoCl2(H2O)4
cis-[CoCl2(H2O)4]
none
note: cis molecular

CoCl2(H2O)2
trans-[CoCl4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging chloride

CoBr2(H2O)2
trans-[CoBr4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging bromide

NiCl2(H2O)6
trans-[NiCl2(H2O)4]
two

NiCl2(H2O)4
cis-[NiCl2(H2O)4]
none
note: cis molecular

NiBr2(H2O)6
trans-[NiBr2(H2O)4]
two

NiI2(H2O)6
[Ni(H2O)6]2+
none[11]
iodide competes poorly with water

NiCl2(H2O)2
trans-[NiCl4(H2O)2]
none
polymeric with bridging chloride

CuCl2(H2O)2
[CuCl4(H2O)2]2
none
tetragonally distorted
two long Cu-Cl distances

CuBr2(H2O)4
[CuBr4(H2O)2]n
two
tetragonally distorted
two long Cu-Br distances

text: Hydrates of transition metal sulfates[edit]

text: Transition metal sulfates form mono-, tetra-, and pentahydrates, each of which crystallizes in only one form. The water in these salts typically is coordinated, together with sulfate to the metal center. The sulfates of these same metals also crystallize as both tetragonal and monoclinic hexahydrates, wherein all water is coordinated and the sulfate is a counterion. The heptahydrates, which are often the most common salts, crystallize as monoclinic and the less common orthorhombic forms. In the heptahydrates, one water is in the lattice and the other six are coordinated to the ferrous center.[12] Cr2(SO4)3.18H2O

text:
Formula of
hydrated metal sulfate
Coordination
sphere of the metal
Equivalents of water of crystallization
that are not bound to M
Remarks

Cr2(SO4)3(H2O)18
[Cr(H2O)6]6+
six
one of several chromium(III) sulfates

MnSO4(H2O)
unknown
unknown
one of several manganese(II) sulfates

FeSO4(H2O)7
[Fe(H2O)6]2+
one
Common motif for divalent metal sulfates

CoSO4(H2O)7
[Co(H2O)6]2+
one
Common motif for divalent metal sulfates

NiSO4(H2O)7
[Ni(H2O)6]2+
one
Common motif for divalent metal sulfates

NiSO4(H2O)6
[Ni(H2O)6]2+
none
one of several nickel sulfate hydrates[13]

CuSO4(H2O)5
[Cu(H2O)4(SO4)]
one
sulfate is bridging ligand[14]

CdSO4(H2O)
Cd(H2O)SO4
none
bridging water ligand[15]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is bright blue.

Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is white.


document_title: Coco (2017 film)

question_text: who plays the great great grandmother in coco

root

text: Coco (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Santa Cecilia, Mexico, Imelda Rivera is the wife of a musician, who leaves her and their 3-year-old daughter Coco to pursue a career in music. When he never returns, Imelda banishes music from her family's life and starts a shoemaking business with her family.

tag: p

text: Many years later, Imelda's great-great-grandson, 12-year-old Miguel, now lives with Coco and their family. Miguel secretly dreams of becoming a musician like Ernesto de la Cruz, a popular actor and singer of Coco's generation. One day, Miguel accidentally damages the picture frame holding a photo of Coco with her parents at the center of the family ofrenda and removes the photograph, discovering that his great-great-grandfather (whose face had been torn out) was holding Ernesto's famous guitar.

text: Concluding that Ernesto is his great-great-grandfather, Miguel leaves to enter a talent show for the Day of the Dead despite his family's objections. He breaks into Ernesto's mausoleum and takes his guitar to use in the show, but becomes invisible to everyone in the village plaza. However, he can interact with his skeletal dead relatives who are visiting from the Land of the Dead for the holiday. Taking him there, they learn that Imelda cannot visit, as Miguel removed her photo from the ofrenda. Miguel discovers that he is cursed for stealing from the dead, and must return to the Land of the Living before sunrise or he will become one of the dead; to do so, he must receive a blessing from a member of his family. Imelda offers Miguel a blessing, but on the condition that he abandon his musical pursuits. Miguel refuses and attempts to seek Ernesto's blessing.

text: Miguel encounters Héctor, a down-on-his-luck skeleton who once played music with Ernesto. Héctor offers to help Miguel reach Ernesto; in return, he asks Miguel to take his photo back to the Land of the Living, so that he might visit his daughter before she forgets him and he disappears completely. Upon learning he has other relatives, however, Héctor attempts to return Miguel to them. Miguel escapes and infiltrates Ernesto's mansion, learning along the way that an old friendship between the two deteriorated before Héctor's death. Ernesto welcomes Miguel as his descendant, but Héctor confronts them, again imploring Miguel to take his photo to the Land of the Living. After an argument between Ernesto and Héctor, Miguel realizes that Ernesto poisoned Héctor and stole his songs, passing them off as his own to become famous.

text: To maintain his legacy, Ernesto steals the photo and has Miguel and Héctor thrown into a cenote pit. Miguel realizes that Héctor is his real great-great-grandfather and that Coco is Héctor's daughter. The dead Riveras find and rescue the duo. Miguel reveals that Héctor's decision to return home to Imelda and Coco resulted in his death, and Imelda and Héctor gradually reconcile. They infiltrate Ernesto's sunrise concert to retrieve Héctor's photo from Ernesto, and though they expose his true nature to everyone, the photo is lost in the process.

text: As the sun rises, Héctor is in danger of being forgotten by Coco and disappearing. Imelda and Héctor bless Miguel unconditionally so he can return to the Land of the Living. Miguel plays "Remember Me" for Coco, a song written by Héctor during her childhood, which was later used by Ernesto. The song revitalizes her memory of Héctor, and she gives Miguel the torn-out piece of the photo from the ofrenda, which shows Héctor's face, and tells her family stories about her father, thus keeping his memory alive. Miguel's family reconciles with him and accepts music again.

text: One year later, Miguel proudly presents the family ofrenda – including the restored photo of Héctor and Imelda, and a photo of the now-deceased Coco – to his new baby sister Socorro. Letters kept by Coco contain evidence that Ernesto stole Héctor's songs, and the community now honors Héctor and scorns Ernesto. In the Land of the Dead, Héctor and Imelda join Coco for a visit to the living Riveras as Miguel sings and plays for his dead and living relatives.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anthony Gonzalez as Miguel Rivera, a 12-year-old aspiring musician.[17][18]
Gael García Bernal as Héctor, a charming trickster in the Land of the Dead who enlists Miguel to help him visit the Land of the Living, and is later revealed to be Miguel's great-great-grandfather, Imelda's husband, Coco's father and the patriarch of the Rivera family.[17]

Bernal also voices Héctor in the Spanish version.[19]

Benjamin Bratt as Ernesto de la Cruz, the most famous musician in the history of Mexico and Miguel's idol. Revered by fans worldwide until his untimely death, the charming and charismatic musician is even more beloved in the Land of the Dead.[17][20]

Antonio Sol provides de la Cruz's singing voice, except for "Remember Me".[21]

Alanna Ubach as Mamá Imelda Rivera, Miguel's late great-great-grandmother, Héctor's wife, Coco's mother, and the matriarch of the Rivera family.[18]
Renée Victor as Elena Rivera, Miguel's grandmother ("Abuelita") who strictly enforces the ban on music that is the legacy of her grandmother.[17]
Ana Ofelia Murguía as Mamá Socorro "Coco" Rivera, Miguel's great-grandmother and the daughter of Héctor and Imelda.[22]
Edward James Olmos as Chicharrón, a friend of Héctor's who is forgotten in the Land of the Dead.[18]
Alfonso Arau as Papá Julio Rivera, Miguel's late great-grandfather and Coco's husband.[18]

Arau also voices Papá Julio in the Spanish version.[19]

Selene Luna as Tía Rosita Rivera, Miguel's late great-grandaunt, and Julio's sister.[18]
Dyana Ortellí as Tía Victoria Rivera, Miguel's late grandaunt, and Elena's sister.[18]
Herbert Sigüenza as Tíos Oscar and Felipe Rivera, Miguel’s late identical twin great-great-granduncles.[18]
Jaime Camil as Papá Enrique Rivera, Miguel's father and Elena's son.[18]
Sofía Espinosa as Mamá Luisa Rivera, Miguel's mother. She is pregnant with her second child during the events of the movie.[18]

Espinosa also voices Mamá Luisa in the Spanish version.[19]

Luis Valdez as Tío Berto Rivera, Miguel's uncle.[18]

Valdez also voices Don Hidalgo.

Polo Rojas as Abel Rivera, Miguel's cousin.
Montse Hernandez as Rosa Rivera, Miguel's cousin.
Lombardo Boyar as a Mariachi whom Miguel meets in Santa Cecilia Plaza.[18]

Boyar also voices Gustavo, a musician of the Land of the Dead

Octavio Solis as the Arrival Agent.[18]
Gabriel Iglesias as the Head Clerk.[18]
Cheech Marin as a Corrections Officer.[18]
Carla Medina as a Departure Agent.[18]

Medina also voices the departure agent in the Spanish version.[19]

Blanca Araceli as an Emcee.[18]
Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Frida Kahlo.[23]
Salvador Reyes as a Security Guard.[18]

Reyes also voices the Security Guard in the Spanish version.[19]

John Ratzenberger as Juan Ortodoncia[24]

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Lee Unkrich first pitched an idea for the film in 2010, when Toy Story 3, which he also directed, was released.[17] Initially the film was to be about an American child, learning about his Mexican heritage, while dealing with the death of his mother. Eventually, the team decided that this was the wrong approach and reformed the film to focus on a Mexican child instead.[25] Of the original version, Unkrich noted that it "reflected the fact that none of us at the time were from Mexico."[25] The fact that the film depicted "a real culture" caused anxiety for Unkrich, who "felt an enormous responsibility on [his] shoulders to do it right."[25]

text: The Pixar team made several trips to Mexico to help define the characters and story of Coco. Unkrich said, "I'd seen it portrayed in folk art. It was something about the juxtaposition of skeletons with bright, festive colors that captured my imagination. It has led me down a winding path of discovery. And the more I learn about [el] Día de los Muertos, the more it affects me deeply."[26] The team found it difficult working with skeletal creatures, as they lacked any muscular system, and as such had to be animated differently from their human counterparts.[27] Coco also took inspiration from Hayao Miyazaki's anime films Spirited Away (2001) and Howl's Moving Castle (2004) as well as the action film John Wick (2014).[28]

text: In 2013, Disney made a request to trademark the phrase "Día de los Muertos" for merchandising applications. This was met with criticism from the Mexican American community in the United States.[29] Lalo Alcaraz, a Mexican American cartoonist, drew a film poster titled "Muerto Mouse", depicting a skeletal Godzilla-sized Mickey Mouse with the byline "It's coming to trademark your cultura."[30] More than 21,000 people signed a petition on Change.org stating that the trademark was "cultural appropriation and exploitation at its worst."[29] A week later, Disney cancelled the attempt, with the official statement saying that the "trademark filing was intended to protect any title for our film and related activities. It has since been determined that the title of the film will change, and therefore we are withdrawing our trademark filing."[31] In 2015, Pixar hired Alcaraz to consult on the film,[30] joining playwright Octavio Solis and former CEO of the Mexican Heritage Corp. Marcela Davison Aviles, to form a cultural consultant group.[17]

text: Story[edit]

text: Unkrich found writing the script "the toughest nut to crack".[32]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Coco is the first-ever motion picture with a nine-figure budget to feature an all-Latino cast, with a cost of $175–200 million.[33] Gonzalez first auditioned for the role of Miguel when he was nine, and was finalized in the role two years later.[34] Speaking of his character, Gonzalez said: "[Miguel and I] both know the importance of following our dream and we know the importance of following our tradition, so that's something that I connected with Miguel a lot".[35]

text: In 2016, the Coco team made an official announcement about the cast, which revealed that Gael Garcia Bernal, Benjamin Bratt, Renée Victor, and Anthony Gonzalez would voice the characters.[36] Bernal, who voiced Héctor, was "moved" when he realized that Disney-Pixar wanted to make a film on latin culture.[37] Disney officials closely monitored Bernal's movements and expressions while he voiced the characters and used their input for animating Héctor.[38]

text: Bratt voiced Ernesto De la Cruz, a character who he described as "the Mexican Frank Sinatra"; "[a] larger than life persona".[39] On the advice of the filmmakers, Bratt watched videos of equivalent Mexican actors including Jorge Negrete and Pedro Infante. Bratt found the character similar to his father in physical appearance, "swagger and confidence", and worked in the film as a tribute to him.[40]

text: The character Mama Imelda's voice was provided by Alanna Ubalch. Ubalch felt that the film "is [giving] respect to one quality that all Latin families across the universe do have in common, and that is giving respect and prioritizing the importance of family". Mama Imelda's voice was influnced by Ublach's tía Flora, who was a "profound influence in [her] life". Ublach'tía felt her tía was the family's matriarch. Ublach also dedicated the film to her tía.[41]

text: Animation[edit]

text: On April 13, 2016, Unkrich announced that they had begun work on the animation.[42] The film's writer, Adrian Molina, was promoted to co-director in late 2016.[17]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Coco (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)

Recorded
August–October 2017

Studio

Eastwood Scoring Stage (score)
Avatar Studios
Henson Recording Studios
Estudio 13
Audio By the Bay
Crawford Media Services

Genre

Son mexicano
Mariachi
Son jarocho
Ranchera
Huapango
Bolero
Mexican pop

Length
78:17

Label
Walt Disney

Producer

Michael Giacchino
Tom MacDougall
Germaine Franco
Kristen Anderson-Lopez
Robert Lopez

Pixar chronology

Cars 3
(2017)
Coco (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
(2017)
Incredibles 2
(2018)

Michael Giacchino chronology

War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017)
Coco
(2017)
Incredibles 2
(2018)

tag: table

text: The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. Germaine Franco, Adrian Molina, Robert Lopez, and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote the songs.[1] Recording for the score began on August 14, 2017.[43] The score was released on November 10, 2017.[44]

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino except where indicated.

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Remember Me"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Benjamin Bratt
1:49

2.
"Much Needed Advice"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Bratt & Antonio Sol
1:46

3.
"Everyone Knows Juanita"
Franco & Molina
Gael García Bernal
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
García Bernal & Anthony Gonzalez
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:55

6.
"The World Es Mi Familia"
Franco & Molina
Gonzalez & Sol
0:51

7.
"Remember Me (Lullaby)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
García Bernal, Gabriella Flores & Libertad García Fonzi
1:10

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Sol & Alanna Ubach
2:46

9.
"Remember Me (Reunion)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Gonzalez & Ana Ofelia Murguía
1:14

10.
"Proud Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gonzalez
2:04

11.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Miguel feat. Natalia Lafourcade
2:44

12.
"Will He Shoemaker?"

3:18

13.
"Shrine and Dash"

1:24

14.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"

1:17

15.
"The Strum of Destiny"

1:10

16.
"It's All Relative"

2:38

17.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"

1:49

18.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"

2:45

19.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"

1:10

20.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"

1:08

21.
"Adiós Chicharrón"

1:45

22.
"Plaza de la Cruz"

0:21

23.
"Family Doubtings"

2:24

24.
"Taking Sides"

0:57

25.
"Fiesta Espactacular"

0:56

26.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"

2:33

27.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"

1:15

28.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"

4:45

29.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"

2:22

30.
"Somos Familia"

2:21

31.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"

3:04

32.
"A Family Dysfunction"

2:00

33.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"

1:47

34.
"The Show Must Go On"

2:32

35.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"

2:02

36.
"A Run for the Ages"

1:50

37.
"One Year Later"

1:00

38.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"

5:47

Total length:
78:17

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original[45]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Recuérdame (Interpretada por Ernesto De la Cruz)"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Marco Antonio Solís
1:49

2.
"Dueto a Través del Tiempo"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Solís
1:45

3.
"Juanita"
Franco & Molina
Gael García Bernal
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
García Bernal & Luis Ángel Gómez Jaramillo
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:54

6.
"El Mundo es mi Familia"
Franco & Molina
Gómez Jaramillo & Solís
0:50

7.
"Recuérdame (Arrullo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
García Bernal & Lucy Hernández
1:09

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Solís & Angélica Vale
2:45

9.
"Recuérdame (Reencuentro)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Rocío Garcel & Gómez Jaramillo
1:13

10.
"El Latido de mi Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gómez Jaramillo
2:01

11.
"Recuérdame"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Carlos Rivera
2:43

12.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Natalia Lafourcade & Miguel
2:44

13.
"El corrido de Miguel Rivera (Inspirado en "Coco")"

Bronco
3:57

14.
"La bikina (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Rubén Fuentes
Karol Sevilla
2:56

15.
"Bésame mucho (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Consuelo Velázquez
Jorge Blanco
2:57

16.
"Un mundo raro (Inspirado en "Coco")"

La Santa Cecilia
3:27

17.
"Recuérdame (Solo) (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Lafourcade
2:43

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original (Disc 2)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Will He Shoemaker?"
3:18

2.
"Shrine and Dash"
1:24

3.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"
1:17

4.
"The Strum of Destiny"
1:10

5.
"It's All Relative"
2:38

6.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"
1:49

7.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"
2:45

8.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"
1:10

9.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"
1:08

10.
"Adiós Chicharrón"
1:45

11.
"Plaza de la Cruz"
0:21

12.
"Family Doubtings"
2:24

13.
"Taking Sides"
0:57

14.
"Fiesta Espactacular"
0:56

15.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"
2:33

16.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"
1:15

17.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"
4:45

18.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"
2:22

19.
"Somos Familia"
2:21

20.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"
3:04

21.
"A Family Dysfunction"
2:00

22.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"
1:47

23.
"The Show Must Go On"
2:32

24.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
2:02

25.
"A Run for the Ages"
1:50

26.
"One Year Later"
1:00

27.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"
5:47

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original em Português[46]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Ernesto de la Cruz)"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Mário Redondo
1:49

2.
"Conselho Muito Necessário"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Redondo
1:45

3.
"Quem Não Conhece a Juanita?"
Franco & Molina
Pedro Leitão
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
Joao Pedro Gonçalves & Leitão
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:54

6.
"O Mundo es Mi Família"
Franco & Molina
Gonçalves & Redondo
0:50

7.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Canção de Embalar)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Leitão & Maria Galante
1:09

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Alanna Ubach & Antonio Sol
2:45

9.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Reunião)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Gonçalves & Ermelinda Duarte
1:13

10.
"Pulsar do Meu Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gonçalves
2:03

11.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Natalia Lafourcade & Miguel
2:44

12.
"Will He Shoemaker?"

3:18

13.
"Shrine and Dash"

1:24

14.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"

1:17

15.
"The Strum of Destiny"

1:10

16.
"It's All Relative"

2:38

17.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"

1:49

18.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"

2:45

19.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"

1:10

20.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"

1:08

21.
"Adiós Chicharrón"

1:45

22.
"Plaza de la Cruz"

0:21

23.
"Family Doubtings"

2:24

24.
"Taking Sides"

0:57

25.
"Fiesta Espactacular"

0:56

26.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"

2:33

27.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"

1:15

28.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"

4:45

29.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"

2:22

30.
"Somos Familia"

2:21

31.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"

3:04

32.
"A Family Dysfunction"

2:00

33.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"

1:47

34.
"The Show Must Go On"

2:32

35.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"

2:02

36.
"A Run for the Ages"

1:50

37.
"One Year Later"

1:00

38.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"

5:47

text: Marketing and release[edit]

text: The first teaser of Coco was released on March 15, 2017, two days before Disney's Beauty and the Beast opened worldwide.[47] The teaser trailer introduced the basic concept of the film, while highlighting its focus on music.[48] Scott Mendelson of Forbes praised the trailer as "a terrific old-school Pixar sell, mostly consisting of a single sequence and offering just the barest hint of what's to come."[47] The film's themes and imagery drew comparison to another animated film that centered around Día de Muertos, The Book of Life (2014).[48][49] A two-minute short film, titled Dante's Lunch—A Short Tail, was released online on March 29, 2017. It introduces the film's supporting character, a Xoloitzcuintle named Dante. The short was created early in the animation process by Unkrich and his team to have a better sense of the character.[50]

text: The first official trailer was released on June 7, 2017,[51] followed by a second trailer on September 13.[52] The film was marketed extensively in Mexico, including traditional wall-painted advertising usually used for local events and never for films.[citation needed] Cinépolis, a movie chain in the country, held a contest for dubbing a character in the film,[53] and another movie chain[which?] held a contest to become an interviewer for the cast and crew of the film.[54]

text: Coco was released in Mexico on October 27, 2017, the weekend before Día de los Muertos. The film was released in the United States on November 22, 2017, during the Thanksgiving weekend, and three weeks after Día de los Muertos, and in the United Kingdom on January 19, 2018.[55] The film was released in a crowded market, preceded by Thor: Ragnarok, Justice League and another animated film, The Star, and followed by Star Wars: The Last Jedi and another animated film, Ferdinand three weeks after Thanksgiving. It is one of the three Disney film productions being released in the November–December corridor.[47]

text: Coco is the second Pixar offering of the year, following Cars 3, with 2017 being the second year Pixar released two films, after 2015 (with Inside Out and The Good Dinosaur).[56][57][58] The film was accompanied in theaters by Walt Disney Animation Studios' 21-minute featurette Olaf's Frozen Adventure as a limited time offering,[59] featuring the characters from Frozen, making Coco the first Pixar film not to be accompanied by a Pixar short in theaters since their first film, Toy Story, in 1995.[60] The film will also have its own VR game, being Pixar's first VR development.[61]

text: While still showing in theaters worldwide, Coco was released for High Definition online streaming and digital download on February 13, 2018, and on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on February 27, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[62] Coco will be made available on Netflix streaming in the United States on May 29.[63]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Coco grossed $209.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $596.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $805.8 million.[10]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Coco was projected to gross $55–65 million from 3,987 theaters in its first five days, including around $40 million in its opening weekend.[64] It made $2.3 million from Tuesday night previews, landing between Disney's previous two November releases Moana ($2.6 million) and The Good Dinosaur ($1.3 million), and $13.2 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $50.8 million (including a five-day total of $72.9 million), finishing first at the box office.[65] It was the 4th-biggest Thanksgiving opening weekend ever, behind fellow animated films Frozen, Moana and Toy Story 2.[7] In its second weekend, the film dropped by 46% to $27.5 million, a smaller drop than Moana, Frozen, Tangled, and The Good Dinosaur, and again topping the box office.[66][67] It topped the box office once again in its third weekend, dropping by 33% and grossing $18.5 million, a similar hold to Moana.[68] It became the fourth film of 2017 to top the box office three times, following Split, The Fate of the Furious and The Hitman's Bodyguard, before being overtaken by Disney's own Star Wars: The Last Jedi and another animated film, Ferdinand, in its fourth weekend.[69][70]

text: It fell to number six in its fifth weekend, due to competition from three new releases—Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, Pitch Perfect 3, and The Greatest Showman—despite a small drop again; it grossed $2.8 million on Christmas Day.[71] On the holiday week of December 22–28, the film finished at number six with a gross of $16.3 million, which was 6% up from the previous week, despite losing over 1,000 theaters.[72] It finished at number six in its sixth weekend, going up 39% and 87%, respectively, during the three-day[73] and four-day weekends;[74] it grossed $2.6 million on New Year's Day.[75] It fell outside the top 10 in its eighth weekend (which included Martin Luther King Jr. Day), dropping 38% and 14% respectively, during the three-day[76] and four-day weekends.[77]

text: Other countries[edit]

text: Coco was released in Mexico on October 27, nearly a month before its release in the United States. It grossed $9.3 million on its opening weekend, the biggest opening weekend for an original animated film and the biggest debut for an animated film outside of the summer movie season in the market.[78] In its second weekend, it earned another $10.8 million, a 12% increase over its first weekend, bringing its total to $28 million. It became the fastest ten-day grosser ever for an animated feature in Mexico, as well as the biggest original animated release ever in the territory.[79][80] It dropped by 23% in its third weekend, grossing $8.4 million. That brought its total to MX$792 million (US$41.4 million), making it the highest-grossing animated film and the second-highest-grossing film of all time in Mexico, behind Disney's own The Avengers, in local currency.[81] A few days later, on November 15, it passed The Avengers to become the highest-grossing film in the Mexican market.[12][13][14][15]

text: In China, Coco finished number one at the weekend box office, with a three-day total of $18.2 million, making it the second-highest opening ever for a Disney or Pixar animated release in that market, behind Zootopia.[82][83] After seeing increases each weekday on its first week,[84] the film increased by 148% on its second weekend, bringing its total to $75.6 million in the market.[67][85] It dropped by 21% in its third weekend, finishing first once again and grossing $35 million.[86] The film fell to number three in its fourth weekend, due to competition from two new domestic releases, grossing an additional $17.1 million.[87] Coco's success in China came as a surprise to most box office analysts who were projecting a gross of $30–40 million. By its second weekend, it had become the highest-grossing Pixar release ever in China, nearly doubling previous record-holder Finding Dory, and by its fifth weekend, it had surpassed Despicable Me 3 to become the second highest-grossing animated movie of all time in the country, behind Zootopia.[88][89] The movie was released in Japan, its final market, on March 16, 2018. As of May 1, 2018 the film's largest markets were China ($189.2 million), Mexico ($57.8 million), Japan ($41.4 million), France ($33.2 million), United Kingdom ($26.1 million), South Korea ($25.9 million), Spain ($21.4 million), Argentina ($17.6 million), Italy ($14.4 million) and Germany ($12.3 million).[90]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 276 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Coco's rich visual pleasures are matched by a thoughtful narrative that takes a family-friendly—and deeply affecting—approach to questions of culture, family, life, and death."[91] It was the site's highest-rated animated film and ninth highest-rated wide release of 2017.[92][93] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[94] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to receive such a score; it was also the sixth Pixar film to earn the rating – the previous being Up in 2009.[7] It also earned a 95% positive score, including a rare five-out-of-five rating, from filmgoers on PostTrak, along with a 76% "definite recommend".[66]

text: Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter said, "At every imaginative juncture, the filmmakers (the screenplay is credited to Pixar veteran Molina and Matthew Aldrich) create a richly woven tapestry of comprehensively researched storytelling, fully dimensional characters, clever touches both tender and amusingly macabre, and vivid, beautifully textured visuals."[95] Robert Abele of TheWrap praised the film, saying: "If an animated movie is going to offer children a way to process death, it's hard to envision a more spirited, touching and breezily entertaining example than Coco."[96] In his review for Variety, Peter Debruge wrote, "In any case, it works: Coco's creators clearly had the perfect ending in mind before they'd nailed down all the other details, and though the movie drags in places, and features a few too many childish gags... the story's sincere emotional resolution earns the sobs it's sure to inspire." Debruge also described the film as "[An] effective yet hardly exceptional addition to the Pixar oeuvre."[97] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film four out of four, writing that "There's a touch of Japanese master Hayao Miyazaki in the film's matter-of-fact depiction of the dead interacting with the living, as well as its portrayal of certain creatures" such as Dante and Pepita. He concluded his review by stating, "I had some minor quibbles about [Coco] while I was watching it, but I can't remember what they were. This film is a classic."[98]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film 3.5 out of four, calling it a "loving tribute to Mexican culture", while praising the animation, vocal performances (particularly of Gonzalez, García Bernal, and Bratt), and its emotional and thematic tone and depth.[99] The Chicago Tribune's Michael Phillips called the film "vividly good, beautifully animated", praising Giacchino's musical score and the songs, as well drawing a comparison to the emotional tone of Inside Out.[100] A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film as "a time-tested tune with captivating originality and flair, and with roving, playful pop-culture erudition", and called the film's cultural vibe "inclusive" and "a 21st-century Disney hallmark".[101] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times found the film to be "full of life" and deemed it "a bouncy and heart-tugging adventure", while lauding the vocal performances as "fantastic" and "first-rate".[102] Brian Truitt of USA Today described the film as "effervescent, clever and thoughtful," calling it one of "Pixar's most gorgeously animated outings", and "the most musical Pixar film, with a host of catchy tunes".[103] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger wrote that the backgrounds "have a vibrancy, and its atmosphere carries a warmth. And even after it's done, both linger, just a bit—like a perfectly struck guitar chord".[104]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Coco was nominated for various awards and won a number of them, including several for Best Animated Feature.[105] The song "Remember Me" was particularly praised. At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it won Best Animated Feature Film while it was nominated for Best Original Song for the song, "Remember Me".[106] It led the 45th Annie Awards with most nominations, garnering thirteen, among them Best Animated Feature, Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production, Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production, and Outstanding Achievement for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production for Gonzalez.[107] At the 90th Academy Awards, it won the Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song.[108] Coco was chosen by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2017.[109]


document_title: Be More Chill (musical)

question_text: who plays chloe valentine in be more chill

text: Be More Chill (musical)

text: Productions[edit]

text: The musical premiered in May 30, 2015 at the Two River Theater in Red Bank, New Jersey.[2] The production featured Will Connolly as Jeremy, Eric William Morris as the Squip, George Salazar as Michael, and Stephanie Hsu as Christine, as well as Katie Ladner, Lauren Marcus, Jake Boyd, Gerard Canonico, Katlyn Carlson, and Paul Whitty. The musical was commissioned by Two River Theater as part of their new play development program.[3][4]

text: Be More Chill received an Off-Broadway production at the Irene Diamond Stage at the Pershing Square Signature Center. It began previews July 26, 2018 and ended production on September 30, 2018.[5] This production featured several original cast members including Hsu, Salazar, Canonico, Carlson and Marcus reprising their respective roles. New cast members included Will Roland as Jeremy, Jason Tam as the Squip, Britton Smith as Jake, Tiffany Mann as Jenna, and Jason "Sweettooth" Williams as Mr. Heere.[6]

text: On September 5, 2018 it was announced that a Broadway production is planned, with previews scheduled to begin at the Lyceum Theatre on February 13, 2019.[7] The Broadway transfer is estimated to cost $9.5 million according to lead producer Jerry Goehring.[8]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act One[edit]

text: Jeremy Heere, a high school junior, is a complete social outcast. He lives with his single father, who works from home and is often pantsless as a result of being depressed by his recent divorce. At school, he is bullied by popular student Rich, who writes "boyf" on his backpack. At lunch he meets up with Michael, his best friend (where Rich has written "riends" on his backpack), who tries to comfort Jeremy by telling him that being a loser is completely okay. Jeremy sees his long-time crush Christine signing up for the school play and decides to sign up as well. Jeremy wonders why he has to be the outcast and if someone can help him "more than survive" ("More Than Survive").

text: As they wait for the first play rehearsal to begin, Christine professes her love of theater to Jeremy, explaining that she likes being able to play different people and always knowing what to say and do ("I Love Play Rehearsal"). As more popular cast members trickle in, their drama teacher, Mr. Reyes, reveals, much to Christine's horror, that their school play will be A Midsummer Night's Dream set in a post-apocalyptic future, re-titled "A Midsummer Nightmare (With Zombies)". During rehearsal, Jake, one of the popular boys and Rich's friend, flirts with Christine, making Jeremy jealous. ("More Than Survive (Reprise 1").

text: After rehearsal, Jeremy is confronted in the bathroom by Rich. He tells him about how he managed his rise to popularity - as a very unpopular freshman, he took a pill called a "super quantum unit intel processor" - a "SQUIP" - containing a computer that implants itself inside the user's brain and tells them what to do and say. He suggests Jeremy buy one from him in order to become cooler. ("The Squip Song").

text: While playing video games with Michael after school, Jeremy tells him about Rich's offer. Michael is convinced that Jeremy is being scammed, but after an awkward conversation with Jeremy's dad (still not wearing pants), Jeremey decides to check it out. He assures Michael that no matter what happens they'll always be a team. ("Two Player Game").

text: The two visit the mall to buy the SQUIP from a dealer at Payless ShoeSource and Jeremy, as instructed, swallows it with green Mountain Dew. The SQUIP activates itself, causing Jeremy to have a seizure in front of Christine and Jake ("The SQUIP Enters"). The SQUIP speaks to Jeremy (taking the appearance of Keanu Reeves), criticizing his appearance, personality, and behavior, telling him that everything about him is terrible ("Be More Chill Pt. 1"). It orders him to go to a store to buy a new shirt - an Eminem shirt, where he runs into two popular girls from school, Brooke and Chloe. Jeremy accidentally picks up a girl's shirt, but the SQUIP has Jeremy fabricate a story where he was cheated on, causing the two girls to sympathize with him. They offer Jeremy a ride home ("Do You Wanna Ride?"), which the SQUIP demands he accept, but Jeremy declines, telling them that he has to meet his friend. They leave, and the SQUIP tells Jeremy that Michael has left the mall. It then tells him that in order for its plan to work, Jeremy needs to obey every order it gives him, and Jeremy accepts. The SQUIP assures Jeremy that following its instructions will, without a doubt, improve his social standing ("Be More Chill Pt. 2").

text: The next day, Jeremy heads to school with a renewed confidence, beginning to wonder if he might be a little less invisible than before ("More Than Survive (Reprise)"). Jeremy sees Rich, who is initially angry that Jeremy bought the SQUIP directly instead of through him, but the SQUIP syncs itself with Rich's, making them friends. At rehearsal, the cast of the play begin to rehearse their zombie-apocalypse version of A Midsummer Night's Dream. During a break, Christine tells Jeremy about her feelings for a guy she knows, which at first seems to be Jeremy but actually turns out to be Jake ("A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into").

text: Afterwards, the SQUIP informs Jeremy that Christine won't date him until his social standing drastically improves and encourages Jeremy to use Brooke as a stepping stone to increase his popularity, while Jake asks Christine to come over to his house ("Upgrade"). Overwhelmed, Jeremy asks the SQUIP to shut itself off for a few minutes. Immediately, Jeremy sees Michael and is elated, telling him he hasn't seen him all day, but Michael states that Jeremy has been ignoring him. The SQUIP turns itself back on and explains that it was blocking Michael from Jeremy's vision using "optic nerve blocking," and that in order to be more popular he has to "upgrade." Reluctant to go back to being the loser and social outcast he was before, Jeremy turns the optic nerve blocking back on, leaving him alone with the SQUIP ("Loser Geek Whatever").

text: Act Two[edit]

text: On Halloween, Jake hosts a massive party, mainly involving alcohol and other shenanigans ("Halloween"). Christine wears her Juliet costume, hoping Jake will notice, but he doesn't. Jeremy arrives late and meets Brooke, but when she leaves to get a drink, Chloe, who is jealous of Brooke, takes Jeremy upstairs and tries to seduce him. Jeremy is uncomfortable and tries to get away, but the SQUIP forces him to remain in the situation as it escalates into a near-assault ("Do You Wanna Hang?"). Chloe also has Jeremy drink alcohol, causing the SQUIP to malfunction, and then feigns having sex with him; causing Jake to become jealous and breaking Brooke's heart.

text: Fleeing from Jake and the girls, Jeremy runs into a bathroom, where he finds Michael, who has crashed the party. Michael tries to warn Jeremy of the dangers of the SQUIP, explaining that someone ended up in a mental hospital after they went crazy trying to get it out of their head. Jeremy accuses Michael of being jealous of his popularity; and calls him a loser. Michael, devastated and angry, locks himself in the bathroom, where he has a severe panic attack as he mourns the loss of his best and only friend ("Michael in the Bathroom"). Jeremy meets Christine and he asks her out in a sudden burst of confidence ("A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into (Reprise)"). However Christine, who has found herself in an existential crisis, declines, thinking it is best for her to not see anybody else until she knows who she is.

text: Meanwhile Rich goes around the party asking people for Mountain Dew Red. Jeremy's SQUIP finally reactivates and reviews the events of the night, prompting Jeremy to leave the party immediately. Rich, alone and desperate, takes up a can of gasoline after arguing with his SQUIP. The next morning, Jenna, the school gossip, informs everyone that Rich had burned down Jake's house at the end of the party, sending him to the hospital and breaking both of Jake's legs. The news spreads throughout the school through text and tweeting. ("The Smartphone Hour (Rich Set a Fire)").

text: At home, Jeremy is confronted by his father, who brings up Jeremy's new personality and attitude change. Jeremy reprimands his father for his behaviour since his mother left, calling him a loser as well. Shaken by Jeremy's words, Mr. Heere realizes that something is very wrong and that he must take charge. He tracks down Michael, who has been smoking copious amounts of weed since the trauma of the party, and convinces him to not give up on his friend ("The Pants Song").

text: As the cast prepares for the play, Jeremy runs into Christine, who is shaken and upset about the fire. Jeremy realizes that the SQUIP knew about the fire before it happened, and is furious that it allowed people to get hurt, but the SQUIP ignores his complaints, instead telling Jeremy that he can ease the suffering of Christine and the rest of the students, and eventually, the whole world, by providing them all with SQUIPs ("The Pitiful Children"). The SQUIP has Jeremy open Rich's locker, where he finds a box full of enough SQUIPs for the entire student body, and pour the pills into a beaker of Mountain Dew. Christine confronts Jeremy over his use of the SQUIP, causing him to doubt the plan, but the SQUIP has Mr. Reyes take the beaker from him.

text: During the play, Jeremy notices the other students in the play have been SQUIPed, where the SQUIP reveals its intention to sync the entire student body in an effort to take over the world. Jeremy also comes to a realization: green Mountain Dew activates the SQUIP, while Mountain Dew Red deactivates it. Michael reappears from the audience with a bottle of Mountain Dew Red, but Jake steals it and dumps most of it out. Jeremy and Michael fight off the SQUIPed students to regain the bottle, until the SQUIP reveals that Christine has been SQUIPed, and she professes her love for Jeremy. Knowing she'll do whatever he asks, he has her drink the last of the Mountain Dew Red, causing her to shriek and causing a chain-reaction that destroys all of the SQUIPs. ("The Play").

text: Jeremy wakes up in the hospital, sharing a room with Rich, where he proudly informs Jeremy that he's bisexual and ready to finally be who he really is. Michael and Mr. Heere (now wearing pants) visit Jeremy. Surrounded by his friends and family, Jeremy finally realizes that there will always be outside influences, but he needs to learn to make up his own mind instead of just giving in. He asks out Christine again, and this time she accepts and kisses him. The SQUIP reveals itself to still be alive, weakly taunting Jeremy from inside his head, but Jeremy ignores it, happily proclaiming that "of the voices in my head, the loudest one is mine." ("Voices in My Head")

text: Musical numbers[1][edit]

text:
Act 1
"Jeremy's Theme" – Orchestra
"More Than Survive" – Jeremy, Michael, Ensemble
"I Love Play Rehearsal" – Christine
"The SQUIP Song" – Rich, Ensemble
"Two-Player Game" – Michael, Jeremy
"The Squip Enters" – Ensemble
"Be More Chill Pt. 1" – Squip, Jeremy, Mall People
"Do You Wanna Ride?" – Brooke, Chloe
"Be More Chill Pt. 2" – Squip, Jeremy, Mall People
"More Than Survive (Reprise)" – Jeremy, Squip, Ensemble
"A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into" – Christine, Jeremy, Squip, Ensemble
"The SQUIP Lurks" – Orchestra
"Upgrade" – Brooke, Squip, Jeremy, Jake, Christine, Company
† "Loser Geek Whatever" — Jeremy

Act 2
"Halloween" – Brooke, Jake, Chloe, Rich, Jenna, Company
"Do You Wanna Hang?" – Chloe
"Michael in the Bathroom" – Michael
"A Guy That I'd Kinda Be Into (Reprise)" - Jeremy, Christine
"The Smartphone Hour" – Jenna, Chloe, Brooke, Ensemble
◇ "The Pants Song" – Mr. Heere, Michael
◇ "The Pitiful Children" – Squip, Jeremy, Jenna, Ensemble
"The Play" – Michael, Jake, Brooke, Chloe, Jeremy, Christine, Squip, Ensemble
"Voices in My Head" – Jeremy, Christine, Ensemble

text: † Added to the Off-Broadway production.

text: ◇ Prior to the off-Broadway production, the order of "The Pants Song" and "The Pitiful Children" was reversed.

text: Roles and original casts[edit]

text: Original productions[6][edit]

text:
Character

Original NJ Cast (2015)  Two River Theatre

Original Off-Broadway Cast (2018) Pershing Square Signature Center

Original Broadway Cast (2019) Lyceum Theatre

Jeremy Heere

Will Connolly

Will Roland

Michael Mell

George Salazar

Christine Canigula

Stephanie Hsu

The SQUIP

Eric William Morris

Jason Tam

Chloe Valentine

Katlyn Carlson

Brooke Lohst

Lauren Marcus

Rich Goranski

Gerard Canonico

Jenna Rolan

Katie Ladner

Tiffany Mann

Jake Dillinger

Jake Boyd

Britton Smith

Mr. Heere / Mr. Reyes / Scary Stockboy

Paul Whitty

Jason "SweetTooth" Williams

text: Recording[edit]

text: The world premiere cast recorded an original cast album on July 21, 2015, which was released on October 31, 2015.[9] The cast recording was released on vinyl by Ghostlight Records in July 2018.[10]

text: Proposed film adaptation[edit]

text: On October 20, 2018, four months before the show opens on Broadway, it was announced that Shawn Levy and Greg Berlanti will team up to produce a film adaptation of the musical. It is still yet to be determined over which film studio will acquire the film rights to make the film with Levy and Berlanti, even though they currently have first look deals with 20th Century Fox. Other film producers who contended for the film rights included Nina Jacobson, Ron Howard, Michael De Luca, Marty Bowen, Scooter Braun, Jennifer Todd and Robert Zemeckis.[11]


document_title: Orbital period

question_text: time to orbit the sun in earth days

question_tokens: time to orbit the sun in earth days

text: Orbital period

text: Other periods related to the orbital period[edit]

text: There are many periods related to the orbits of objects, each of which are often used in the various fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Examples of some of the common ones include :

text:
The sidereal period is the amount of time that it takes an object to make a full orbit, relative to the stars. This is the orbital period in an inertial (non-rotating) frame of reference.
The synodic period is the amount of time that it takes for an object to reappear at the same point in relation to two or more other objects (e.g. the Moon's phase and its position relative to the Sun and Earth repeats every 29.5 day synodic period, longer than its 27.3 day orbit around the Earth, due to the motion of the Earth about the Sun). The time between two successive oppositions or conjunctions is also an example of the synodic period. For the planets in the solar system, the synodic period (with respect to Earth) differs from the sidereal period due to the Earth's orbiting around the Sun.
The draconitic period, or draconic period, is the time that elapses between two passages of the object through its ascending node, the point of its orbit where it crosses the ecliptic from the southern to the northern hemisphere. This period differs from the sidereal period because both the orbital plane of the object and the plane of the ecliptic precess with respect to the fixed stars, so their intersection, the line of nodes, also precesses with respect to the fixed stars. Although the plane of the ecliptic is often held fixed at the position it occupied at a specific epoch, the orbital plane of the object still precesses causing the draconitic period to differ from the sidereal period.
The anomalistic period is the time that elapses between two passages of an object at its periapsis (in the case of the planets in the solar system, called the perihelion), the point of its closest approach to the attracting body. It differs from the sidereal period because the object's semi-major axis typically advances slowly.
Also, the Earth's tropical period (or simply its "year") is the time that elapses between two alignments of its axis of rotation with the Sun, also viewed as two passages of the object at right ascension zero. One Earth year has a slightly shorter interval than the solar orbit (sidereal period) because the inclined axis and equatorial plane slowly precess (rotate with respect to the stars), realigning with the Sun before the orbit completes. The Earth's precession cycle completes in about 25,770 years.[citation needed]

text: Small body orbiting a central body[edit]

text: According to Kepler's Third Law, the orbital period T (in seconds) of two bodies orbiting each other in a circular or elliptic orbit is:[citation needed]

text: where:

text:
a is the orbit's semi-major axis in meters
μ = GM is the standard gravitational parameter in m3/s2

G is the gravitational constant,
M is the mass of the more massive body.

text: For all ellipses with a given semi-major axis the orbital period is the same, regardless of eccentricity.

text: Inversely, for calculating the distance where a body has to orbit in order to pulse a given orbital period:

text: where:

text:
a is the orbit's semi-major axis in meters,
G is the gravitational constant,
M is the mass of the more massive body,
T is the orbital period in seconds.

text: For instance, for completing an orbit every 24 hours around a mass of 100 kg, a small body has to orbit at a distance of 1.08 meters from its center of mass.

text: Orbital period as a function of central body's density[edit]

text: When a very small body is in a circular orbit barely above the surface of a sphere of any radius and mean density ρ (in kg/m3), the above equation simplifies to (since M = Vρ = 4/3πa3ρ)[1]>:

text: So, for the Earth as the central body (or any other spherically symmetric body with the same mean density, about 5,515 kg/m3)[2] we get:

text: and for a body made of water (ρ ≈ 1,000 kg/m3)[3]

text: Thus, as an alternative for using a very small number like G, the strength of universal gravity can be described using some reference material, like water: the orbital period for an orbit just above the surface of a spherical body of water is 3 hours and 18 minutes. Conversely, this can be used as a kind of "universal" unit of time if we have a unit of mass, a unit of length and a unit of density.

text: Two bodies orbiting each other[edit]

text: In celestial mechanics, when both orbiting bodies' masses have to be taken into account, the orbital period T can be calculated as follows:[4]

text: where:

text:
a is the sum of the semi-major axes of the ellipses in which the centers of the bodies move, or equivalently, the semi-major axis of the ellipse in which one body moves, in the frame of reference with the other body at the origin (which is equal to their constant separation for circular orbits),
M1 + M2 is the sum of the masses of the two bodies,
G is the gravitational constant.

text: Note that the orbital period is independent of size: for a scale model it would be the same, when densities are the same (see also Orbit#Scaling in gravity).[citation needed]

text: In a parabolic or hyperbolic trajectory, the motion is not periodic, and the duration of the full trajectory is infinite.

text: Synodic period[edit]

text: There are observable characteristics of two bodies which orbit a third body in different orbits, and thus have different orbital periods. This is known as their synodic period; it is the time between conjunctions, and since it is observable from either the first or the second body, the two synodic periods will be different, depending from which celestial body you are observing.

text: An example of this related period description is the repeated cycles for celestial bodies as observed from the Earth's surface, the so-called synodic period, applying to the elapsed time where planets return to the same kind of phenomena or location. For example, when any planet returns between its consecutive observed conjunctions with or oppositions to the Sun. For example, Jupiter has a synodic period of 398.8 days from Earth; thus, Jupiter's opposition occurs once roughly every 13 months.

text: If the orbital periods of the two bodies around the third are called P1 and P2, so that P1 < P2, their synodic period is given by:[citation needed]

text: Examples of sidereal and synodic periods[edit]

text: Table of synodic periods in the Solar System, relative to Earth:[citation needed]

text:
Object
Sidereal period (yr)
Synodic period (yr)
Synodic period (d)[5]

Mercury
0.240846 (87.9691 days)
0.317
115.88

Venus
0.615 (225 days)
1.599
583.9

Earth
1 (365.25636 solar days)
—
—

Moon
0.0748 (27.32 days)
0.0809
29.5306

99942 Apophis (near-Earth asteroid)
0.886
7.769
2,837.6

Mars
1.881
2.135
779.9

4 Vesta
3.629
1.380
504.0

1 Ceres
4.600
1.278
466.7

10 Hygiea
5.557
1.219
445.4

Jupiter
11.86
1.092
398.9

Saturn
29.46
1.035
378.1

Uranus
84.01
1.012
369.7

Neptune
164.8
1.006
367.5

134340 Pluto
248.1
1.004
366.7

136199 Eris
557
1.002
365.9

90377 Sedna
12050
1.00001
365.1[citation needed]

text: In the case of a planet's moon, the synodic period usually means the Sun-synodic period, namely, the time it takes the moon to complete its illumination phases, completing the solar phases for an astronomer on the planet's surface. The Earth's motion does not determine this value for other planets because an Earth observer is not orbited by the moons in question. For example, Deimos's synodic period is 1.2648 days, 0.18% longer than Deimos's sidereal period of 1.2624 d.[citation needed]

text: Binary stars[edit]

text:
Binary star
Orbital period

AM Canum Venaticorum
17.146 minutes

Beta Lyrae AB
12.9075 days

Alpha Centauri AB
79.91 years

Proxima Centauri – Alpha Centauri AB
500,000 years or more


document_title: Country Inns & Suites

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text: Country Inns & Suites

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text:
Country Inns & Suites

Type

Franchise

Industry
Hotel, Hospitality

Founded
1987; 31 years ago (1987), Burnsville, Minnesota

Founder
Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group

Number of locations

1,370

Area served

Worldwide

Parent
Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group

text: Country Inns & Suites by Radisson (CI&S) is an American hotel brand owned by the Radisson Hotel Group, which accommodates both business and leisure travelers. CI&S hotels are mainly independently owned and operated, and franchised under licensing agreements with Radisson Hotel Group.

text: The brand operates more than 1,370 hotels worldwide.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: CI&S opened its first hotel in Burnsville, Minnesota in 1987. The first one was opened next to a kitchen named Country Kitchen (1964–present), which spun off into its own company, CI&S.

text: On August 25, 1989, its headquarters was in Chanhassen, Minnesota, next to Country Kitchen, as a domestic restaurant.

text: In 1991 in Japan, its Japan headquarters is called Country Suites Japan of Tokyo.

text: Between 1995 and 2006 Country Kitchen shut down when it became Country Restaurant in 2006.

text: The portfolio of the Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group includes more than 1,300 hotels in 81 countries and territories, under brands Radisson Blu, Radisson, Park Plaza, Park Inn by Radisson, Country Inns & Suites by Radisson (previously by Carlson), and Hotel Missoni. The Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group and its brands employ more than 80,000 people.

text: Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group is headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US, and Brussels, Belgium.