document_title: List of The Transformers episodes

question_text: what was the last episode of transformers g1

text: List of The Transformers episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

Miniseries
3
September 17, 1984 (1984-09-17)
September 19, 1984 (1984-09-19)

1
13
October 6, 1984 (1984-10-06)
December 15, 1984 (1984-12-15)

2
49
September 23, 1985 (1985-09-23)
January 9, 1986 (1986-01-09)

Feature film
August 8, 1986 (1986-08-08)

3
30
September 15, 1986 (1986-09-15)
February 25, 1987 (1987-02-25)

4
3
November 9, 1987 (1987-11-09)
November 11, 1987 (1987-11-11)

text: Generation 1[edit]

text: Miniseries (1984)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code

1
1
"More Than Meets the Eye, Part 1"
George Arthur Bloom
September 17, 1984 (1984-09-17)
MP4023

Constant war between the Autobots and the Decepticons on Cybertron has caused great hardship. Both need supplies, and select numbers from each side and intend to get them. The Autobots weren't looking for a fight with the Decepticons, but they get one out in space anyway. When the Decepticons board the Autobots' ship it takes a beating and crashes onto Primitive Earth and knocks everyone unconscious. Four million years later, in 1984, a volcano eruption causes a probe to give them all new forms which come from vehicles in the surrounding area. They all get awoken - leading to a renewed conflict and the inclusion of humans.
Note: The probe sequence is longer in the original VHS release, being abridged in the TV airings likely to make room for more commercials. The abridged episode has remained the standard for all rereleases and rebroadcasts.[citation needed]
Second Note: This episode and it's other two parts have similarities and differences with the first live action Transformers film.

2
2
"More Than Meets the Eye, Part 2"
George Arthur Bloom
September 18, 1984 (1984-09-18)
MP4024

Things continue to progress; with the Decepticons on the move, and the Autobots gaining Spike and Sparkplug Witwicky as allies. Still, two humans may not make a difference. The long dormancy has merely delayed Megatron and the Decepticons' ambitions, and they prove increasingly proficient in making up for lost time. Repeated clashes lead to a bigger one in a Decepticon ruby mine and even bigger danger.

3
3
"More Than Meets the Eye, Part 3"
George Arthur Bloom
September 19, 1984 (1984-09-19)
MP4025

Following the latest action, both sides are basically back to where they started. The Autobots use Ravage and some holograms in an attempt to lure the Decepticons into a final defeat. Ravage escapes informing Megatron proves even sneakier seeing through Optimus' ruse and keeping them distracted from interfering in his own plans. Even worse, the Decepticons are done plundering Earth. With a ship ready and Cybertron in great danger, an all-out battle between the Autobots and the Decepticons looms.

text: Season 1 (1984)[edit]

text: Order # is the correct chronological story order for the episodes of this season, which aired out of order.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
Order #

4
1
"Transport to Oblivion"
Dick Robbins & Bryce Malek
October 6, 1984 (1984-10-06)
700-01
1

Returning to Cybertron with energy is the Decepticons' top priority. The new space bridge could do that, but it has problems like possibly being fatal to whoever tries to go through it. Finding where the Decepticons are hiding, Bumblebee and Spike discover what they are doing only they don't have a chance to warn Optimus. The Decepticons instead have nasty plans for them. A space bridge trip awaits Spike, while a little reprogramming on Bumblebee threatens to see the Decepticons finally destroy the other Autobots.

5
2
"Roll for It"
Douglas Booth
October 13, 1984 (1984-10-13)
700-02
2

With Megatron assumed dead, Starscream seizes power and does things his way. Naturally, only the Autobots benefit from his 'command' style. This also gives Bumblebee and Spike time to relax with Chip Chase. They end up getting involved in a scientist's new anti-matter experiments. Megatron is back and again in charge of the Decepticons. It turns out that he has big plans for the anti-matter meaning big trouble for everyone, especially Chip.

6
3
"Divide and Conquer"
Donald F. Glut
October 20, 1984 (1984-10-20)
700-03
3

The Autobots prevent the Decepticons from harming a weapons factory, but at a heavy price: Optimus himself. His life is on the line, but Wheeljack knows exactly how to save him before it's too late. Problem is, the required part is back on Cybertron in his old laboratory. Bumblebee, Trailbreaker, Ironhide, Bluestreak, and Chip Chase leave to save Optimus. Without Optimus Prime in command, the Autobots are left vulnerable as Megatron hatches a plan to destroy the team on Cybertron.

7
4
"S.O.S. Dinobots"
Donald F. Glut
October 27, 1984 (1984-10-27)
700-05
5

A little extra muscle in the Autobot ranks would certainly be welcome. Coincidentally, nearby dinosaur fossils provide the necessary means. Soon enough, Wheeljack unveils Grimlock, Slag and Sludge. Their poor intelligence and great strength make for an uncomfortable combination. Optimus sees all of this as a mistake shutting down the Dinobots before they can harm themselves or anyone else. However, a sudden and devastating Decepticon attack, fronted by their new forces of Constructicons, a group of Decepticons with the ability to combine into a giant robot called Devastator, prompts reconsidering this policy.

8
5
"The Ultimate Doom: Brainwash (Part 1)"
Story: Dick Robbins, Bryce Malek, Douglas Booth, and Larry Strauss
Teleplay: Larry Strauss
November 3, 1984 (1984-11-03)
700-08
8

Sparkplug gets left behind when all of the Autobots believe they have a major Decepticon problem at Maharaja. In truth, the Decepticons put one over on them to leave their base vulnerable and kidnap Sparkplug. Dr. Arkeville enslaves Sparkplug for Megatron with a hypno-chip as a test of the device. It works and more humans will soon follow. Megatron has a dangerous new scheme in the works, and it includes a new space bridge. As for Sparkplug, it is decided that he can better serve Megatron when among the Autobots, ultimately making them vulnerable to a new attack.
Note: This episode and its other 2 parts have events similar to Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

9
6
"The Ultimate Doom: Search (Part 2)"
Story: Dick Robbins, Bryce Malek, Douglas Booth, and Earl Kress
Teleplay: Earl Kress
November 10, 1984 (1984-11-10)
700-09
9

Cybertron's nearby presence has sent Earth and everyone on it into chaos. The Autobots and the Dinobots have their hands full trying to protect innocents and themselves from every possible natural disaster. Undoing what Megatron has done is a major priority, but so is rescuing Sparkplug. He is currently a Decepticon prisoner on Cybertron, and the Autobots aren't about to hang him out to dry. Spike and an Autobot team are sent out, but Sparkplug is still wearing a hypno-chip meaning more danger than expected. Meanwhile, the Earth-bound Autobots try to stop Megatron.

10
7
"The Ultimate Doom: Revival (Part 3)"
Story: Dick Robbins, Bryce Malek, Douglas Booth, and Leo D. Paur
Teleplay: Leo D. Paur
November 17, 1984 (1984-11-17)
700–10
10

Cybertron is proving most unwelcome to Spike and the team of Autobots. However, the only chance of disabling the hypno-chips can be found there. Wheeljack quickly gets to work on that in his laboratory. Sparkplug is soon free, but numerous others aren't so lucky at the moment. Meanwhile, Megatron has nearly succeeded and is preparing the final stages of his energy plan. The site is an island and massive tidal waves threaten the human slaves there. Optimus leads his remaining team into battle to stop Megatron once and for all.

11
8
"War of the Dinobots"
Donald F. Glut
November 24, 1984 (1984-11-24)
700-07
7

Certainly, the Dinobots give the Autobots something of an advantage over the Decepticons in battle. Naturally, Megatron wants that advantage to be his instead. That doesn't prove very difficult to do, so the Autobots are soon facing the battle fury of Grimlock, Slag and Sludge. The only chance of setting things right lies with the construction and success of the newest set of Dinobots Snarl and Swoop.

12
9
"Countdown to Extinction"
Reed Robbins & Peter Salas
December 1, 1984 (1984-12-01)
700–11
11

Starscream plans to destroy Earth to gather energy from the destruction and make Cybertron his. He sets a timer in Dr. Arkeville's lab. Dr. Arkeville tries to save Earth, but only Decepticons can use their computer. Optimus shoots a pebble from Megatron's gun form, making Starscream return to Earth where he is punished by Megatron.

13
10
"Fire in the Sky"
Dick Robbins, Bryce Malek, and Alfred A. Pegal
December 8, 1984 (1984-12-08)
700-04
4

Megatron believes that the key to a Decepticon victory lies in the North Pole, but quite suddenly not just via a new energy scheme. The brilliant, frozen Skyfire awaits, and it turns out he has been there for millions of years. It also turns out that he and Starscream shared something of a friendship in the past, something he hasn't forgotten. Now, the Autobots face Skyfire and the results aren't pretty. It seems like Megatron's victory is assured, but the key to convincing Skyfire of the truth involves the captured Spike and Sparkplug.

14
11
"Heavy Metal War"
Donald F. Glut
December 15, 1984 (1984-12-15)
700–13
13

The war gets more crowded with the sudden introduction of the Constructicons. However, rather than simply just providing raw numbers, they serve a greater purpose for Megatron. Their construction ingenuity ultimately gives Megatron every unique ability his team possesses. Of course, Optimus Prime is his primary target and in official combat. Per the terms, the loser must take his team off Earth forever. Given Megatron's current power and the Autobots being kept in the dark about it, how can Optimus possibly win this challenge?

15
12
"Fire on the Mountain"
Douglas Booth
December 22, 1984 (1984-12-22)
700-06
6

There is a crystal of massive power out there. Both sides become aware of it and the Decepticons reach it first. It can power a weapon destructive enough to eliminate the Autobots and decide the fate of Earth once and for all. Only Windcharger, Brawn and Skyfire are in range to stop them before it's too late.

16
13
"A Plague of Insecticons"
Douglas Booth
December 29, 1984 (1984-12-29)
700–12
12

The Insecticons have come to Earth. They certainly give the Autobots and the Decepticons good reason to take notice. The Insecticons have more in common with the latter than the former. These collective enemies don't scare the Autobots into submission, but bravery is hardly enough. Faced with such sheer power, the Autobots must rely on their intelligence and all of their resources to win.

text: Season 2 (1985–86)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
Order #

17
1
"Autobot Spike"
Donald F. Glut
September 23, 1985 (1985-09-23)
700–16
1

A Decepticon attack leaves Spike wounded. To save his son's life, Sparkplug helps the Autobots transfer Spike's mind to the body of an experimental robot called Autobot X while the doctors at the hospital work on repairing Spike's real body. The experiment works like a charm and Spike's mind is in Autobot X, temporarily becoming Autobot Spike. Unfortunately, the procedure has a side effect, making the state of Spike's mind to become questionable.

18
2
"The Immobilizer"
Earl Kress
September 24, 1985 (1985-09-24)
700–21
6

An opportunity to defeat the Decepticons arises, courtesy of Wheeljack and a new invention. The effects may only be temporary, but the Immobilizer lives up to its name against any Transformer. Little time passes before the Decepticons learn about it. A new friend to the Autobots Carly unwittingly helps them. Now, the soon-modified Immobilizer gives the Decepticons the means to end the war once and for all. Pretty soon, only Brawn and Jazz are left standing leaving them, Spike and Carly a lot of work to do.

19
3
"Dinobot Island, Part 1"
Donald F. Glut
September 25, 1985 (1985-09-25)
700–29
14

Despite possessing great power, the well-meaning Dinobots prove to be just as dangerous as Decepticons. The latest instance shows Optimus and the other Autobots just how much this needs to change. Some serious training should clear this up, but they need a place where no one else will get caught in the middle. A new island seems to fit the bill, but the Dinobots won't be alone there. Dinosaurs are very much alive there, and even worse its natural resources soon garner Decepticon attention.

20
4
"Dinobot Island, Part 2"
Donald F. Glut
September 26, 1985 (1985-09-26)
700–30
15

The energy-hungry Decepticons get down to business on Dinobot Island. As bad as that is for everything on the island, the rest of the world suffers even more. Somehow, various temporal displacements occur and all sorts of things emerge. This mess distracts the Autobots from the real problem the Decepticons. It is ultimately up to the Dinobots to save the day, but have they finally gotten their act together?

21
5
"Traitor"
George Hampton & Mike Moore
September 27, 1985 (1985-09-27)
700–20
5

It is believed that the electrocells could be very valuable assets in the war. The lure of this power brings the Decepticons and the Insecticons together again. They've had problems with each other in the past, however problems that Mirage tries to exploit to the Autobots' advantage. He is found out and Bombshell attaches a cerebro-shell to him. With Mirage their puppet, the Decepticons and the Insecticons intend to finish the Autobots once and for all.

22
6
"Enter the Nightbird"
Richard Milton & Sylvia Wilson
September 30, 1985 (1985-09-30)
700–25
10

The Autobots have been busy marking crucial energy locations for easy use and protection purposes. Naturally, this is something that the Decepticons desperately want. This is a solo mission, and they need someone that get in and out quickly. Meanwhile, word spreads about the new, powerful Nightbird being developed giving Megatron an idea. Under Decepticon control, Nightbird embarks on her mission into the Autobot base. Can the Autobots thwart the Decepticon plot and overcome Nightbird's martial arts techniques?

23
7
"Changing Gears"
Larry Parr
October 1, 1985 (1985-10-01)
700–17
2

Gears is in one very foul mood, so nothing is really new there. However, the Decepticons suddenly strike and get the drop on him. The thing is, all they want from him is his personality cartridge. Now, Gears has one heck of a sunny disposition no matter who he is around. Meanwhile, the Decepticons have the final component for the space needle. If they aren't stopped, the sun itself will be destroyed.
Note: This episode has similarities to Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.

24
8
"A Prime Problem"
Dick Robbins & Bryce Malek
October 2, 1985 (1985-10-02)
700–26
11

Megatron plans to destroy the Autobots by creating a clone of Optimus Prime to lead them into a deadly trap he has set for them. When Spike is captured by the Decepticons, the Autobots must figure out which Optimus Prime is the real Optimus Prime and save Spike's life. But can they foil Megatron's plan?

25
9
"Atlantis, Arise!"
Douglas Booth
October 3, 1985 (1985-10-03)
700–23
8

The Decepticons stumble upon a magnificent find: the legendary Atlantis. They believe that Atlantean forces could prove invaluable to them finally winning the war. Once at the surface level, the battle-hungry Atlanteans strike and strike hard. The Autobots face tough times and Washington, D.C. is next. However, while enjoying the sights, the Decepticons had better keep their own guard up around their supposed Atlantean allies.

26
10
"Attack of the Autobots"
David Wise
October 4, 1985 (1985-10-04)
700–19
4

A solar power satellite is desired by the Decepticons. To pull off the theft, they need the Autobots out of the way. Rather than try to destroy them, however, Megatron hatches a plan to change their loyalties instead. The keys to this plot are sabotaged energy rechargers in the Autobot base. Now, when they use them, the unknowing Autobots are imprinted with Decepticon ideals and forced to act just like them. Only Bumblebee and Jazz escape this fate. Sparkplug comes up with an invention to change the Autobots back, but they still have to stop the Decepticons.

27
11
"Microbots"
David Wise
October 7, 1985 (1985-10-07)
700–33
18

The Decepticons finally locate their old ship missing since the crash on Earth millions of years ago. Above all else on it, Megatron wants and claims the Heart Of Cybertron. He becomes more powerful than ever and easily crushes anyone who stands against him. This is all very bad, but it threatens to get worse. The Autobots learn that the Heart Of Cybertron will soon explode and take many with it including Megatron himself. The only way to tamp down this threat is for Perceptor, Bumblebee and Brawn to embark on a 'fantastic voyage.' Megatron's body proves most inhospitable to the three Autobots, but inner conflicts also threaten their mission.

28
12
"The Master Builder"
David N. Gottlieb & Herb Engelhart
October 8, 1985 (1985-10-08)
700–31
16

The Constructicons suddenly get the drop on the desert-bound Grapple and Hoist. However, they claim to not be looking for a fight, but instead looking to help in the Autobot cause. They prove their newfound loyalties by using their skills on Grapple's powerful solar energy-collection tower schematics. Grapple is thrilled at the opportunity, especially since Optimus turned it down earlier. The Constructicons are lying and Megatron plans to use the powerful tower for himself.

29
13
"The Insecticon Syndrome"
Douglas Booth
October 9, 1985 (1985-10-09)
700–28
13

The Insecticons feed on a new energy source that proves to be unstable, threatening to blow them to smithereens. With the power core inside them, the Autobots must find an antidote and prevent the Insecticons from exploding inside Iron Mountain.

30
14
"Day of the Machines"
David Wise
October 10, 1985 (1985-10-10)
700–24
9

The Torq III supercomputer is online and promises to be of good use to humanity. Torq III isn't a secret from Megatron. In short order, a little reprogramming grants the Decepticons practically endless supplies of oil. The Autobots quickly go to work in order to try to foil Megatron's current plan, but a difficult choice must be made.

31
15
"Megatron's Master Plan, Part 1"
Donald F. Glut
October 14, 1985 (1985-10-14)
700–34
19

With the help of the wealthy Shawn Berger, Megatron turns the public against the Autobots. But Spike discovers the tape as a Decepticon trick. But before the boy can reveal the truth, the Autobots are found guilty and banished from Earth. Megatron reprograms Teletran One, sending the Autobots on a one way journey into the sun.
Note: This episode and its other 2 parts have events similar to Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

32
16
"Megatron's Master Plan, Part 2"
Donald F. Glut
October 15, 1985 (1985-10-15)
700–35
20

With the Autobots banished from Earth, the Decepticons are free to do as they desire. Megatron betrays Shawn Berger and imprisons him along with Spike, Sparkplug, Chip, and the mayor of Central City. Meanwhile, the Autobots struggle to escape from their predicament and return to Earth to save it from the Decepticons.

33
17
"Auto Berserk"
Antoni Zalewski
October 16, 1985 (1985-10-16)
700–32
17

A battle with the Decepticons leaves Red Alert's logic and reason circuits fried. As a result, Red becomes paranoid and believes that his own fellow Autobots are plotting to betray him. Starscream discovers the situation and he tricks the paranoid Red Alert into helping him steal an experimental weapon. Now, the Autobots must save Red Alert before he explodes.

34
18
"City of Steel"
Douglas Booth
October 17, 1985 (1985-10-17)
700–18
3

The Decepticons hit New York City, and most definitely not for the sights. Instead, New Yorkers may have to get used to living in vastly different conditions. Even worse, the Decepticons foil Optimus' attempt to stop them and exact a vicious toll on him. Now, in addition to undoing what has been done to New York City, the other Autobots must rebuild their leader from numerous parts. Problem is, they will have to scour the city first to do so.

35
19
"Desertion of the Dinobots, Part 1"
Earl Kress
October 21, 1985 (1985-10-21)
700–36
21

The Dinobots feel taken for granted for lately. This couldn't have come at a worse time, though, as a deadly scourge strikes every other Transformer. Only Cybertronium can cure their collective ills, but only the Decepticons have easy access to it. With the Autobots in serious trouble, the Dinobots are practically left to decide whether they will live or die.

36
20
"Desertion of the Dinobots, Part 2"
Earl Kress
October 22, 1985 (1985-10-22)
700–37
22

Things get worse for the Autobots, while the Decepticons are back to full strength. With the Dinobots gone, hope certainly seems lost. On Cybertron, Spike and Carly appeal to the Dinobots for their help. Even if the two humans can succeed, though, the Decepticons intend to make sure that the Autobots never even lay eyes on Cybertronium under any circumstances. Saving the day ends up falling to Swoop and the two humans.

37
21
"Blaster Blues"
Larry Strauss
October 23, 1985 (1985-10-23)
700–38
23

Radios across Earth suddenly experience 'technical difficulties.' Once alerted to this trouble, the Autobots trace the source of the trouble the moon-located Megatron and Decepticons. With all sorts of human matters experiencing trouble, many Autobots have a lot on their plates. Fighting the Decepticons head-on, though, falls to Blaster who has been itching to prove the worth of his unique power and Cosmos. Omega Supreme also takes on Astrotrain. However, can they all get the job done?

38
22
"A Decepticon Raider in King Arthur's Court"
Douglas Booth
October 24, 1985 (1985-10-24)
700–39
24

The discovery of a mysterious time transporter sends Spike and the Transformers to medieval times, where Starscream plots to take over the home of a knight named Sir Aethling the Red. With the help of their new friends in the past, Spike and the Autobots defeat the Decepticons and take them back to their own time with them.
Note 1: This episode has similarities to Transformers: The Last Knight.
Note 2: Optimus Prime is not in this episode.

39
23
"The God Gambit"
Buzz Dixon
October 28, 1985 (1985-10-28)
700–41
26

The Decepticons arrive on a planet called Titan, where Astrotrain tricks its natives into worshiping him and the other Decepticons as sky gods. When Cosmos is captured, Jazz, Perceptor, and Omega Supreme travel to Titan to rescue him. There, they must reveal the truth to the people of Titan about the Decepticons' deception.
Note: Megatron is not in this episode.

40
24
"The Core"
Dennis Marks
October 29, 1985 (1985-10-29)
700–27
12

A means to forcibly use Devastator for the side of good is found. This proves quite fortuitous, as Megatron and the Decepticons are embarking on a new, dangerous plan. Regardless of the consequences to the planet, they want energy from the Earth's core itself. Worse, they have nearly drilled the whole way there. A showdown is looming underground, but both sides' attempts to use Devastator for their benefit spell disaster for all of them. Can both sides save the day and themselves from Devastator?

41
25
"Make Tracks"
David Wise
October 30, 1985 (1985-10-30)
700–42
27

A rash of car thefts suddenly occurs. The latest theft Tracks in vehicle mode. He is briefly damaged in the process and is unable to save himself. Later, he shows his thief the error of his ways and convinces him to do good. It turns out that all of the thieves are really working for the Decepticons. The stolen cars will be used to create an army against the Autobots. Can Tracks and his new friend foil their plan before it's too late?

42
26
"The Autobot Run"
Donald F. Glut
October 31, 1985 (1985-10-31)
700–22
7

Megatron believes that if the Autobots couldn't transform to robot mode, they would be easy prey for the Decepticons. A new weapon is about to give him the chance to find out. Meanwhile, charity work gives a number of Autobots the chance to help humanity without having to fight in the process. Simple car activities await them, but so does a Decepticon attack. Little time passes before the Autobots are unable to transform and are at the Decepticons' mercy. Saving the day falls to just a handful of Autobots.

43
27
"The Golden Lagoon"
Dennis Marks
November 4, 1985 (1985-11-04)
700–40
25

Fierce action leads both Beachcomber and Thrust to stumble upon electrum, a liquid key to invincibility. There is a forest lagoon's worth of the stuff, but only the Decepticons succeed in making a claim. The results, of course, render the Autobots' weapons essentially useless. The only hope that the Autobots have is to try to fight fire with fire, but Megatron isn't about to give them the chance. What price must be paid for victory?

44
28
"Quest for Survival"
David Wise
November 5, 1985 (1985-11-05)
700–44
29

Though the Insecticons are a growing threat, a new insecticide may be able to stop them in their tracks. A trip into space is required to get it, but Bumblebee, Cosmos and Spike easily succeed. The path back to Earth means a confrontation with the Morphobots, dangerous hybrids of plants and robots. As bad as a space confrontation is, things get worse when some Morphobots secretly arrive on Earth with Spike and the two Autobots. The whole team will have to find a way to tamp down this threat a task made more difficult by the Decepticons now after the insecticide.

45
29
"The Secret of Omega Supreme"
David Wise
November 6, 1985 (1985-11-06)
700–45
30

Omega Supreme seems a bit off lately and Optimus wants to know why. After having to order Omega Supreme, Optimus gets more than he bargained for. Long ago, Omega Supreme defended Crystal City, where he was once friends with the Constructicons. Times were good. But their friendship came to an abrupt end because of Megatron and a little reprogramming. Becoming evil, the Constructicons set out to follow his orders, bringing them into conflict with their former friend, Omega Supreme.

46
30
"Child's Play"
Beth Bornstein
November 7, 1985 (1985-11-07)
700–43
28

During a Transformer battle, the space bridge malfunctions. A strange world of massive giants awaits Autobots and Decepticons alike. Such a situation isn't easy for those used to being among the tallest around. The Transformers need to find a way back home and one local child is the key. However, this planet is otherwise unwelcome to outsiders. If the Transformers don't hurry, they will be in big trouble.

47
31
"The Gambler"
Michael Charles Hill
November 11, 1985 (1985-11-11)
700–46
31

The Autobots are eager to put recent experiences behind them, but rest-and-relaxation isn't likely to happen. An alien trap leaves everyone but Smokescreen powerless, as well as the ship itself. A little energon can fix this, but the only way to get some presents certain challenges. He is even forced to trust an alien that helped get him into this mess. Now, can Smokescreen master the art of gambling and win big? And can Dirge, Ramjet and Astrotrain be kept at bay throughout all of this?
Note: This is technically a continuation of the previous episode "Child's Play". However, it is not considered a part two. Megatron is not in this episode.

48
32
"The Search for Alpha Trion"
Beth Bornstein
November 12, 1985 (1985-11-12)
700–52
37

Realizing that the Decepticons have capture his long lost love, Elita One, Optimus travels to Cybertron to rescue her. While traveling to Cybertron, Optimus is captured as well. Elita uses her special power to save him, but her special power drains her of all her life force. Optimus takes her to Alpha Trion, hoping that he could save her before it's too late.

49
33
"Auto-Bop"
David Wise
November 13, 1985 (1985-11-13)
700–51
36

People are partying to music at a local dance club. They are really subtly being mind-controlled to obey Megatron's orders. Soundwave, unsurprisingly, is overseeing this project. The Decepticon-controlled humans soon start seeming weird to casual observers prompting the Autobots to get involved. It will take Tracks, Blaster, Raul and other humans to undo this Decepticon plot. Can they take down Soundwave and find a way to break the mind control?
Note: Optimus Prime is not in this episode.

50
34
"Prime Target"
Flint Dille & Buzz Dixon
November 14, 1985 (1985-11-14)
700–50
35

Across the globe, one British hunter has amassed an impressive collection of dead animals. The desire for a challenge, though, has prompted him to set sights on the most challenging prey of all, Optimus Prime. However, this hunter is no fool and intends to confront his quarry on his own terms. A number of captured Autobots certainly provides the bait to lure Optimus in. Can the Autobot leader survive what awaits him in the hunter's castle and save the day?

51
35
"The Girl Who Loved Powerglide"
David Wise
November 18, 1985 (1985-11-18)
700–53
38

Powerglide befriends a young woman named Astoria who is being targeted by the Decepticons. It would stand to reason the Decepticons are targeting Astoria is because she might have a secret formula her father was working on before he died and left his company to her. When the Decepticons abduct Astoria, Powerglide must find her and rescue her. But can they stop Megatron from getting his hands on Astoria's father's formula?

52
36
"Triple Takeover"
Larry Strauss
November 19, 1985 (1985-11-19)
700–49
34

In their attempt to take command of the Decepticons, Astrotrain and Blitzwing decide to trick Starscream into leading himself and Megatron into a trap, which results in chaos on Earth, where they proceed to wreak havoc, threatening to endanger innocent humans in the process as well. But can the Autobots put a stop to Astrotrain and Blitzwing's plan?

53
37
"Sea Change"
Douglas Booth
November 20, 1985 (1985-11-20)
700–48
33

The evil Deceptitran has been making life miserable for an alien world and resistance efforts have been slow going. However, one female fighter's encounter with Seaspray may help tip the scales. Head over heels in love, Seaspray is all-too happy to help her. Still, a bigger transformation than anything Transformers regularly do awaits him. Even then, is Seaspray up to the task of defeating Deceptitran?

54
38
"Hoist Goes Hollywood"
Earl Kress
November 21, 1985 (1985-11-21)
700–54
39

Hollywood productions don't always run smoothly, and one case almost sees stuntmen in for real-life trouble. Fortunately, tragedy is averted in the nick of time by Hoist. Since mere thanks aren't enough, Hoist now has a shot at being on the silver screen. Could Hollywood be ready for Hoist and his entourage Sunstreaker, Powerglide, Warpath and Tracks? More importantly, can they overcome a Decepticon plot involving Dirge and one of Wheeljack's inventions? The answers may be more exciting than the movie itself.
Note: Optimus Prime is not in this episode.

55
39
"The Key to Vector Sigma, Part 1"
David Wise
November 25, 1985 (1985-11-25)
700–55
40

With the Stunticons (Motormaster, Dead End, Breakdown, Drag Strip, and Wildrider) at their disposal, the Decepticons hope to crush the Autobots once and for all. Problem is, the Stunticons will always be lifeless pieces of metal without the Cybertron-located Vector Sigma. Finding Vector Sigma isn't really the challenge. Finding the Key is. Upon learning that something is up, the Autobots quickly jump into action and the search. It is practically a race to see who will be first to find the Key and use it to access Vector Sigma.

56
40
"The Key to Vector Sigma, Part 2"
David Wise
November 26, 1985 (1985-11-26)
700–56
41

With the Stunticons operational and the Key in hand, the situation is definitely in the Decepticons' favor. Most severe of all, the Key will allow Megatron to eliminate all organic life on Earth replacing it with technology. The Autobots need new allies the Aerialbots (Silverbolt, Air Raid, Fireflight, Skydive, and Slingshot) and quickly. Being unable to use Vector Sigma, though, complicates that idea. It will take sacrificing one life to give the Aerialbots' theirs. This episode reveals the Aerialbots and Stunticons combined modes: Superion and Menasor. On top of that, despite his status, Silverbolt has acrophobia.

57
41
"Aerial Assault"
Douglas Booth
December 10, 1985 (1985-12-10)
700–57
42

Plans for an air fortress currently take up the Decepticons and Combaticons' time. An arms smuggler helps them 'acquire' a Middle Eastern palace and airplanes essential to the plot. It's rather complicated, but necessary to maintain secrecy as best as possible. Upon arriving into the region themselves, the Aerialbots try to take care of business. Slingshot and Sky Dive get into big trouble, but are saved by Hassan who has a personal stake in this situation. Will he be enough to help the Aerialbots come out on top?
Note: This episode takes place sometime after the events in Starscream's Brigade and The Revenge of Bruticus, because the Combaticons are in this episode and they have already been reprogrammed to obey only Megatron.

58
42
"Masquerade"
Donald F. Glut
December 16, 1985 (1985-12-16)
700–63
48

The Decepticons are up to something and a series of thefts by the Stunticons are related. The Stunticons themselves end up biting off more than they can chew against some Autobots and get locked up. The Autobots are still in the dark about Megatron's latest plan, though, but there is a remedy from unsurprisingly Wheeljack. Advanced paint makes Optimus (as Motormaster), Jazz (as Dead End), Mirage (as Drag Strip), Sideswipe (as Breakdown) and Windcharger (as Wildrider) look exactly like each of the Stunticons. The plan is infiltrate, learn about and foil Megatron's plan. It won't be easy to pass for the Stunticons while surrounded by Decepticons, though, especially when the real ones escape Autobot captivity.

59
43
"Trans-Europe Express"
David Wise
December 23, 1985 (1985-12-23)
700–59
44

Autobots are suddenly Europe-bound for a charity race. They and every human driver including Augie Canay intend to win and leave the others in their dust. No one realizes that the Decepticons and the Stunticons are lurking about masterminding the whole thing. The Pearl of Bahoudin and Augie's unique car play roles in their latest plot against Earth. The former is especially dangerous if in the wrong hands. It is ultimately up to Bumblebee, Bluestreak, Tracks and Augie to foil them and their plot.
Note: Optimus Prime is not in this episode.

60
44
"War Dawn"
David Wise
December 25, 1985 (1985-12-25)
700–58
43

The Aerialbots are in trouble when they become trapped in the distant past of Cybertron via a time machine. There, they end up 9 million years in the past, where they befriend and save the life of a gentle robot named Orion Pax. Back in the present, the Autobots are battling the Decepticons who have reactivated a headless Guardian robot. But will the Aerialbots be able to return to their own time and stop Megatron from destroying the Autobots?

61
45
"Cosmic Rust"
Paul Davids
December 26, 1985 (1985-12-26)
700–60
45

When Megatron becomes infected with a plague that threatens to wipe out entire races of robots, he decides to kidnap Perceptor and force him to cure him of his infection. But of course, even if Perceptor gives him the cure for this plague, Megatron has no intention of maintaining his part of the bargain. When Megatron is cured, he uses the same plague as a weapon against Perceptor and the other Autobots. But will the Autobots be able to get the antidote for the infection before it's too late?

62
46
"Kremzeek!"
David Wise
December 27, 1985 (1985-12-27)
700–47
32

Routine matters accidentally result in Kremzeek, who is small, seemingly sentient and made of pure energy. However, this little guy proves to be rather annoying quickly and scrambles all but Optimus, Bumblebee, Blaster and Inferno. Worse, he proves to be exceedingly dangerous and the people of Japan are about to learn that firsthand. The four Autobots and a local scientist have to move it to counter this literally growing threat. Meanwhile, an energy magnet plays a role in the Decepticons' latest plan.

63
47
"Starscream's Brigade"
Michael Charles Hill
January 7, 1986 (1986-01-07)
700–61
46

Another failure to topple Megatron and a prompt island exile hardly deters Starscream. Abandoned World War II-era vehicles and stolen personality components provide the 'tools' that he needs. In no time, the five Combaticons are online and serving Starscream. These five quickly prove formidable when they are apart and also when they are united in their giant robot mode which is named Bruticus. Can Megatron possibly overcome Starscream and Bruticus?

64
48
"The Revenge of Bruticus"
Larry Parr
January 8, 1986 (1986-01-08)
700–62
47

The recent defeat has not dampened Starscream and the Combaticons' resolve, which spells bad news for everyone else. They tamper with the space bridge to bring Earth and the sun a lot closer together. All is indeed going well for Starscream, until the Combaticons start thinking for themselves. With Cybertron soon also in danger, a battle royal involving Optimus, Megatron and Bruticus awaits. Meanwhile, chaos on Earth leaves the Protectobots with their hands full.

65
49
"B.O.T."
Earl Kress
January 9, 1986 (1986-01-09)
700–64
49

The Combaticons pursue a personal agenda, which the Protectobots gladly interrupt. The only one to make it out in one piece, Swindle cuts his losses at the other Combaticons' expense by selling them off piece by piece. Megatron, however, wants all of the Combaticons back and gives Swindle proper motivation a timed bomb placed in his head. Racing against time, Swindle finds his efforts complicated by three college students and their B.O.T. science project. It turns out that they unknowingly used Brawl's personality component, which not only makes B.O.T. 'unique' it also makes it deadly dangerous. All this and another deadly Megatron plot against the Autobots, too.
Note: Jerrica and Kimber Benton, characters from Jem and the Holograms, make cameos in this episode.

text: Scramble City (1986)[edit]

text: Scramble City was released as an OVA (Original Video Animation) only in Japan in April 1986. It was created as a promotional video for the new line of Japan-exclusive "Scramble City" taking place years directly after Season 2 during the early stages of construction on Autobot City.[citation needed]

text: Beginning with a recap of the coming of the Transformers to Earth and the story of Devastator, the OVA then gets its original story underway, as the Autobots are shown to be in the midst of constructing the powerful "Scramble City", overseen by their newest arrival, Ultra Magnus. The Decepticons have a new member of their own, a mini cassette named Ratbat. When the Decepticons learn of "Scramble City", their combiner robots are deployed to attack, and a battle between them and their Autobot counterparts ensues, focusing on their "Scramble Power" – the interchangeability of the individual limbs – to the extent that at one point, Breakdown of the Stunticons connects to Superion to damage him. At the OVA's conclusion, Scramble City is activated and assumes its robot mode of Metroplex to rout the Decepticons. However, from the ocean depths, the Decepticons' own city, Trypticon, rises.

text: The Transformers: The Movie (1986)[edit]

text: The Transformers: The Movie is a 1986 animated feature film. It was released in North America on August 8, 1986. Set to an upbeat rock music soundtrack, the movie has a decidedly darker tone than the television series, with detailed visuals in Toei Animation's typical animated feature film styling. The film features several grand battles in which a handful of major characters meet their end.

text: The story takes place in 2005, twenty years after the events of the TV series' second season and serves as a bridge to the third season. Decepticon villains are more menacing, killing Ironhide, Ratchet, Prowl, Brawn, Windcharger and Wheeljack without hesitation. Optimus Prime dies following a battle with Megatron. Later, Megatron is reformed into Galvatron by Unicron, while Skywarp, Thundercracker, Shrapnel, Kickback and Bombshell are reformed as Cyclonus, Scourge and the Sweeps. Starscream is destroyed by Galvatron. Blaster gets four cassettes of his own like Soundwave known as Ramhorn, Steeljaw, Eject and Rewind; however, Soundwave gets a new cassette called Ratbat. At the end of the film, Hot Rod becomes Rodimus Prime and uses the Matrix of leadership to destroy Unicron. He then becomes the new leader of the Autobots.

text: Season 3 (1986–87) [edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
Order #

66
1
"Five Faces of Darkness, Part 1"
Flint Dille
September 15, 1986 (1986-09-15)
700–86
1

Under Rodimus Prime's leadership, the Autobots have freed their home planet of Cybertron from Decepticon control, which results in a new age of peace and happiness. But this does not last forever. When Spike, Kup, and Ultra Magnus are kidnapped by an unknown enemy, the Autobots suspect that the Decepticons are behind the kidnapping. But what happens when they discover that the Decepticons are not the ones who abducted their friends?

67
2
"Five Faces of Darkness, Part 2"
Flint Dille
September 16, 1986 (1986-09-16)
700–87
2

Rodimus enters the Matrix of Leadership to discover the identity of the ones who kidnapped Kup, Spike, and Ultra Magnus. Meanwhile, Cyclonus and Scourge retrieve their fallen leader, Galvatron to make matters worse. But when the Autobots come to the rescue of their kidnapped friends, the Quintessons decide to blow up their home planet of Quintessa to try to prevent their enemies from escaping.

68
3
"Five Faces of Darkness, Part 3"
Flint Dille
September 17, 1986 (1986-09-17)
700–88
3

In their attempt to destroy the Autobots, the Quintessons decide to form an alliance with the Decepticons to complicate matters. Meanwhile, Rodimus and his friends end up on an unknown planet called Goo after the Quintessons destroyed their own home world of Quintessa. But what the Decepticons don't know is that their new allies are planning to betray them once they destroy the Autobots.

69
4
"Five Faces of Darkness, Part 4"
Flint Dille
September 18, 1986 (1986-09-18)
700–89
4

Galvatron returns to assume his leadership of the Decepticons once more. He meets the Quintessons, who offer him a deal he can't refuse. Meanwhile, Rodimus enters the Matrix, where he makes a discovery about what role the Quintessons played in the Transformers' creation on Cybertron eons ago. Now, the Quintessons' goal is to regain control of Cybertron and destroy every Transformer in the galaxy.

70
5
"Five Faces of Darkness, Part 5"
Flint Dille
September 19, 1986 (1986-09-19)
700–90
5

The Autobots struggle to defend Cybertron and Earth from the Decepticons and the Quintessons, whose goal is to destroy the Transformers. While Metroplex battles Trypticon on Earth, Blitzwing makes a discovery about the Quintessons' true intentions, and the Autobots are forced to team up with Blitzwing to stop the Quintessons from destroying the Transformers. But do the Autobots have what it takes to defeat the alien race that played a part in their creation?

71
6
"The Killing Jar"
Michael Charles Hill & Joey Kurihara Piedra
September 29, 1986 (1986-09-29)
700–91
6

Ultra Magnus, Cyclonus, Wreck-Gar and Marissa Faireborn are captured by a Quintesson scientist for his experiments in behavioral study. However, the Transformers, Marissa, and the Quintesson scientist become trapped in some kind of negative universe, where they are forced to work together to escape their predicament.

72
7
"Chaos"
Paul Davids
September 30, 1986 (1986-09-30)
700–92
7

The Decepticons create an experimental weapon and they plan to use it against the Autobots. But the Decepticons are the least of their worries. The monstrous Chaos has awakened and Kup must overcome his fears of this ferocious beast to help his friends destroy the Decepticons' new weapon.
Note: Rodimus Prime is not in this episode.

73
8
"Dark Awakening"
Antoni Zalewski
October 1, 1986 (1986-10-01)
700–93
8

Optimus Prime returns from the grave to assume his leadership of the Autobots once again. Upon seeing his mentor again, Rodimus Prime returns the Matrix of Leadership to Optimus, reverting to carefree Hot Rod once again. But things turn ugly when it becomes clear that this is not the same Optimus Prime they once knew. Will the Autobots be able to discover who brought Optimus back to life and why?
Note: This Episode and its events with Optimus Prime turning evil and violent have a few similarities with Transformers: The Last Knight.

74
9
"Starscream's Ghost"
Megeen McLaughlin
October 2, 1986 (1986-10-02)
700–95
10

Octane, a Decepticon traitor, is on the run and the Decepticons are pursuing him across the galaxy. Despite Sandstorm's help, there is little protection that the Autobots can actually offer him. Then, Octane takes refuge in some kind of ancient Decepticon crypt on Cybertron, where he encounters the vengeful ghost of his former comrade, Starscream, who is scheming to seek his revenge against Galvatron for destroying him.
Note: This episode takes place after Thief in the Night and Fight or Flee.

75
10
"Thief in the Night"
Paul Davids
October 6, 1986 (1986-10-06)
700–96
11

Desperate for power, Octane and Trypticon secretly conspire with Abdul Fakkadi to steal monuments from around the world. But when the Autobots are blamed for the theft, they must find them and return them to their rightful places.

76
11
"Forever Is a Long Time Coming"
Gerry Conway & Carla Conway
October 8, 1986 (1986-10-08)
700–94
9

The Quintessons construct a time machine to try to stop the Autobot Rebellion in the past, intending to change history forever. But when five of the Autobots are trapped in the past, the Autobots in the present are forced to work with the Quintessons to save the universe when their meddling with the past threatens to jeopardize the stability of reality itself. But can they succeed in rescuing their missing friends and returning A-3 (Alpha Trion), the leader of the Autobot Rebellion to his time?
Note: The Decepticons are not in this episode.

77
12
"Surprise Party"
Steve Mitchell & Barbara Petty
October 9, 1986 (1986-10-09)
700–97
12

Daniel and Wheelie travel to an Autobot records asteroid to find out the date of Ultra Magnus' origin. Unfortunately, they get into trouble when they are captured by the Decepticons who set the asteroid on a collision course with Cybertron and only the Autobots can rescue their friends.

78
13
"Madman's Paradise"
Craig Rand
October 13, 1986 (1986-10-13)
700–98
13

Daniel and Grimlock are accidentally transported to another dimension, where they meet the mysterious Red Wizard. But what they don't know is that their host is not what he seems. Will the Autobots be able to find their missing friends and unmask the Red Wizard?
Note: The Decepticons are not in this episode.

79
14
"Carnage in C-Minor"
Buzz Dixon
October 14, 1986 (1986-10-14)
700–102
17

On an alien world, Galvatron hatches a vile plot against the Autobots. The conniving villain steals the power of 3 peaceful harmonics and he intends to use it to destroy Metroplex. To stop Galvatron and foil his plot, the Autobots and their new friends on that alien planet must join forces to stop him from destroying Metroplex.
Note: Rodimus Prime is not in this episode.

80
15
"Fight or Flee"
Tony Cinciripini & Larry Leahy
October 15, 1986 (1986-10-15)
700–106
21

The Decepticons arrive on a planet that is inhabited by Autobot pacifists. There, they invade the planet and enslave its inhabitants. To stop the Decepticons, the Autobots gain an ally of their own named Sandstorm. But can the Autobots stop the Decepticons before they could use Paradron's resources to attack Cybertron?

81
16
"Webworld"
Len Wein & Diane Duane
October 20, 1986 (1986-10-20)
700–101
16

Cyclonus tricks Galvatron into going to an alien planet, where the doctors begin Galvatron's treatment, hoping that they can cure him of his own madness. But when their attempts to cure Galvatron fail, they decide to initiate an operation that threatens to destroy Galvatron's mind, reducing him to a shell of his former self.
Note: Rodimus Prime is not in this episode.

82
17
"Ghost in the Machine"
Michael Charles Hill & Joey Kurihara Piedra
October 21, 1986 (1986-10-21)
700–100
15

Requiring a body of his own, Starscream possesses Scourge, and strikes a bargain with Unicron to get his body back. The Chaos Bringer, who wants a body as well, agrees to grant the sly Decepticon his request, but only after he performs 3 labors. But can the Autobots discover the true nature of Unicron's intentions?
Note: This episode takes place after Starscream's Ghost.

83
18
"The Dweller in the Depths"
Paul Dini
October 30, 1986 (1986-10-30)
700–107
22

In their attempt to destroy the Transformers, the Quintessons decide to trick the Decepticons into releasing the Dweller, a vampire-like creature that drains robots of their energy. The Dweller targets Autobots and Decepticons alike, turning some of their forces into energy vampires as well, and threatens to latch on to Cybertron's power core, which will make it unstoppable. But can the Autobots stop this beast from draining their home planet completely dry?

84
19
"Nightmare Planet"
Beth Bornstein
October 31, 1986 (1986-10-31)
700–99
14

Daniel is troubled by recurring dreams of being chased by a gigantic version of Galvatron. Meanwhile, the Autobots become trapped in a nightmare fantasy world, where they are forced to team up with the Predacons to escape their predicament when they discover that their weapons have no effect on the monsters that they encounter. But will the Transformers be able to figure out who's behind Daniel's bad dreams and why?

85
20
"The Ultimate Weapon"
Arthur Byron Cover
November 10, 1986 (1986-11-10)
700–104
19

First Aid is having doubts after Swindle steals Metroplex's transformation cog for Galvatron. But of course, First Aid will soon learn how much his friends really need him when Trypticon threatens to crush Metroplex, who is unable to transform without his transformation cog. But will the Autobots be able to get Metroplex's transformation cog back from the Decepticons?

86
21
"The Quintesson Journal"
Richard Merwin
November 11, 1986 (1986-11-11)
700–103
18

Knowing of a destructive war between 2 alien planets, the Autobots decide to broker a peace treaty between both worlds, which includes finding the journal that once belonged to the Quintessons. Unfortunately, the Quintessons want it back and they are trying to keep the Autobots from discovering its secrets. Now, the Autobots must prevent the Quintessons from getting their journal back. But will they be able to figure out why the journal is so important to the Quintesson race?
Note: This episode takes place after The Big Broadcast of 2006.

87
22
"The Big Broadcast of 2006"
Michael Reaves
November 12, 1986 (1986-11-12)
700–105
20

The universe is plunged into chaos when every living being is pitted against each other, which will threaten to result in a war that could threaten to spell doom for the entire universe and all of its inhabitants. But will the Autobots be able to restore the natural order? What is the secret of the journal that the Quintessons want to prevent from being discovered?

88
23
"Only Human"
Susan K. Williams
November 13, 1986 (1986-11-13)
700–108
23

Victor Drath has had enough of the Autobots ruining his plans. He secures help from a mysterious man named Old Snake in making for the beginning of a deadly plot against Autobot City. A sneak attack disables Rodimus and his comrades. Then, they are surprised to wake up in artificial human bodies. Drath and Old Snake intend to finish them off and strike the city with the Autobots' own robotic bodies. Lacking their usual weapons and abilities, the Autobots must get by as humans and foil their enemies' plot to destroy Autobot City in order to regain their bodies.
Note: The Decepticons are not in this episode. Old Snake apparently is the former and older version of Cobra Commander from sister show G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero. He does the Cobra cry but coughs at the end of the episode.

89
24
"Grimlock's New Brain"
Paul Davids
November 14, 1986 (1986-11-14)
700–110
24

Grimlock becomes super smart while helping his Autobot friends deal with a problem that involves anti-electrons. Meanwhile, the Decepticons travel to the head of Unicron to find more of the anti-electrons that they need to destroy the Autobots. To help his friends, Grimlock gives life to the Technobots in order to battle Galvatron's deadly allies, the Terrorcons. But will Grimlock be able to return to normal when they stop Galvatron from getting the anti-electrons from inside Unicron's brain?

90
25
"Money Is Everything"
Gerry Conway & Carla Conway
November 17, 1986 (1986-11-17)
700–111
25

The conniving Dirk Manus runs into a lot of trouble from Marissa Faireborn and the Technobots. While Dirk is in custody, it is revealed that he somehow got a hold of a dangerous weapon and intended to sell it to the highest bidder. It also turns out that the Quintessons expressed the most interest in it, but they didn't pay for it. Now, Marissa, the Technobots, and Dirk need to get the weapon back from the Quintessons before it's too late.
Note: Rodimus Prime and Galvatron are not in this episode.

91
26
"Call of the Primitives"
Donald F. Glut
November 18, 1986 (1986-11-18)
700–112
26

The evil Primacron has plans for universal conquest, which includes giving life to Tornadron, a cloud-like entity that threatens to destroy every Transformer and whatever else gets in his way. Now, Grimlock must stop Tornedron and save the universe before it's too late. But can Grimlock find Primacron's laboratory and prevent his twisted dream from becoming a reality?

92
27
"The Burden Hardest to Bear"
Michael Charles Hill
November 19, 1986 (1986-11-19)
700–114
28

Rodimus is feeling the pressures of leadership. But when he is attacked by the Decepticons, they steal the Matrix of Leadership. As a result, he reverts to carefree Hot Rod once again. As Hot Rod, he does not want the Matrix back. Eventually, Hot Rod will realize his obligation if he is to defeat a mutated Scourge to regain the Matrix. But will he be able to accept his obligation?
Note: This episode features a partial recreation of a scene from the film The Yakuza, in which Hot Rod attends a Kendo class where a sensei tells his student to 'expect nothing' when he is defeated in a sparring match. The sensei then explains the philosophy to Hot Rod, which leads in part to his reconciliation with his obligations as the bearer of the Matrix.

93
28
"The Face of the Nijika"
Mary Skrenes & Steve Skeates
November 20, 1986 (1986-11-20)
700–113
27

While battling Decepticon and Quintesson forces, the Autobots end up on an unknown alien world. There, they meet the natives of this world who have been imprisoned by the Quintessons for a long time. But when Perceptor goes missing, the other Autobots must find him before the Quintessons do and free the natives from their imprisonment. But will they be able to find Perceptor and stop the Quintessons from destroying the natives?

94
29
"The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 1"
Story: Cherie Wilkerson & Marv Wolfman
Teleplay: Michael Charles Hill
February 24, 1987 (1987-02-24)
700–115
29

An embittered scientist and his partner decide to use Optimus Prime's lifeless body to lure the Autobots into a trap. There, they infect Ultra Magnus and the other Autobots with a deadly plague from space that pits Autobot against Autobot. But soon, the infection spreads to the entire galaxy as well. Unless a cure is found, no one is safe from the outbreak of the Hate Plague. But can Sky Lynx and a lone Quintesson restore life to Optimus Prime, hoping that he can find a cure for the infection?

95
30
"The Return of Optimus Prime, Part 2"
Story: Cherie Wilkerson & Marv Wolfman
Teleplay: Michael Charles Hill
February 25, 1987 (1987-02-25)
700–116
30

Sky Lynx and the Quintesson succeed in restoring Optimus Prime to life, hoping he can find a cure for the Hate Plague. Back from the dead once again, Optimus and his team of uninfected Autobots set out to retrieve an experimental metal that shields its user from heat and radiation. Once Optimus is coated with that metal, it will protect him from the infection and enable him to reclaim the Matrix of Leadership from Rodimus Prime, who is now a victim of the Hate Plague as well. But can Optimus succeed in finding the cure for the Hate Plague?

text: Season 4's title sequence was made of parts from the others and TV commercials with Season 3 music.

text: Season 4 (1987)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
Order #

96
1
"The Rebirth, Part 1"
David Wise
November 9, 1987 (1987-11-09)
6701-0001
1

The Decepticons decide to steal the key to the Plasma Energy Chamber, the forge where the original Autobots were created millions of years ago. The Autobots regain the key, but a volt of Plasma Energy strikes their ship, sending them millions of miles into space. They crash land on a planet called Nebulos, where some transformations are about to take place, which will result in uniting the Autobots with a band of Nebulan rebels to become a new breed of Transformer known as the Headmasters.

97
2
"The Rebirth, Part 2"
David Wise
November 10, 1987 (1987-11-10)
6701-0002
2

The operation to merge the Autobots and Nebulans into Headmasters proves to be a success when they go to rescue their captured friends. But the Decepticons join forces with the merciless Hive to counter-attack as Decepticon Headmasters and Targetmasters. While on Cybertron, Optimus Prime merges with Vector Sigma and discovers the deadly secret of Plasma Energy. But while on Nebulos, Zarak, evil leader of the Nebulan Hive, succeeds in turning the Hive's entire city into a Decepticon super robot, the most powerful ever created, the deadly Scorponok.

98
3
"The Rebirth, Part 3"
David Wise
November 11, 1987 (1987-11-11)
6701-0003
3

With Daniel and the Autobots captured, Spike finds a way to stop the Decepticons once and for all. The answer to saving his son and friends lies in the lost city of the Hive. With the help of Cerebros, Spike changes the lost city into an Autobot Headmaster named Fortress Maximus. Unfortunately, Galvatron opens the Plasma Energy Chamber and its energy overloads the Autobots as well as Earth's sun, causing it to go nova. Now, Spike is the only one who can save the Autobots and the universe. But will Spike be able to succeed in shutting down the Plasma Energy Chamber?

text: Epilogue[edit]

text: Season 4 is the end of the American series. The Transformers continued in Japan as Transformers: The Headmasters with 35 new episodes, however, it ignores the events of "The Rebirth" and is set in a different continuity. A fifth season was aired in the United States but consisted entirely of re-runs of previous episodes being told as stories by Powermaster Optimus Prime.[citation needed]

text: Generation 2[edit]

text: Generation 2 episodes were all taken from the Generation 1 television series which had been previously produced, but with added effects and editing. These episodes aired between 1993 and 1995.[1]


document_title: List of Chief Justices of India

question_text: who was the first cheif justice of the supreme court

root

text: List of Chief Justices of India

text: List of Chief Justices[edit]

text: Federal Court of India (1937-1950)[edit]

text: The Federal Court came into being on 1 September 1937. The seat of the court was the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building in Delhi. It began with a Chief Justice and two puisne judges. The first Chief Justice was Sir Maurice Gwyer and the other two judges were Sir Shah Muhammad Sulaiman and M. R. Jayakar. It functioned until the establishment of the Supreme Court of India on 28 January 1950.

tag: p

text:
Number
Name
Period of office
Length of term (days)
Bar
Appointed by

1
Sir Maurice Gwyer
000000001937-10-01-00001 October 1937
000000001943-04-25-000025 April 1943‡
2,032
Inner Temple
The Marquess of Linlithgow

Acting
Sir Srinivas Vardachariar
000000001943-04-25-000025 April 1943
000000001943-06-07-00007 June 1943
43

2
Sir Patrick Spens
000000001943-06-07-00007 June 1943
000000001947-08-14-000014 August 1947
1,529
Inner Temple

3
Sir H. J. Kania
000000001947-08-14-000014 August 1947
000000001950-01-26-000026 January 1950
896
Bombay High Court
The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma

tag: table

text: ‡ – Date of Resignation

text: Supreme Court of India[edit]

text: Since the birth of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, 45 people have served as the Chief Justice of India (CJI).[1] While H. J. Kania is the inaugural CJI, the current incumbent is Dipak Misra who was appointed as Chief Justice of India on 28 August 2017. Justice Y. V. Chandrachud is the longest serving Chief Justice (000000001978-02-01-0000February 1978 - 000000001985-07-01-0000July 1985).

text:
Number
Name
Period of office
Length of term (days)
Bar
Appointed by

1
H. J. Kania
000000001950-01-26-000026 January 1950
000000001951-11-06-00006 November 1951‡‡
649
Bombay High Court
Rajendra Prasad

2
M. Patanjali Sastri
000000001951-11-07-00007 November 1951
000000001954-01-03-00003 January 1954
788
Madras High Court

3
Mehr Chand Mahajan
000000001954-01-04-00004 January 1954
000000001954-12-22-000022 December 1954
352
Punjab and Haryana High Court

4
Bijan Kumar Mukherjea
000000001954-12-23-000023 December 1954
000000001956-01-31-000031 January 1956‡
404
Calcutta High Court

5
Sudhi Ranjan Das
000000001956-02-01-00001 February 1956
000000001959-09-30-000030 September 1959
1337
Calcutta High Court

6
Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
000000001959-10-01-00001 October 1959
000000001964-01-31-000031 January 1964
1583
Patna High Court

7
P. B. Gajendragadkar
000000001964-02-01-00001 February 1964
000000001966-03-15-000015 March 1966
773
Bombay High Court
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

8
Amal Kumar Sarkar
000000001966-03-16-000016 March 1966
000000001966-06-29-000029 June 1966
105
Calcutta High Court

9
Koka Subba Rao
000000001966-06-30-000030 June 1966
000000001967-04-11-000011 April 1967‡
285
Madras High Court

10
Kailas Nath Wanchoo
000000001967-04-12-000012 April 1967
000000001968-02-24-000024 February 1968
318
Allahabad High Court

11
Mohammad Hidayatullah[2]
000000001968-02-25-000025 February 1968
000000001970-12-16-000016 December 1970
1025
Bombay High Court
Zakir Hussain

12
Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
000000001970-12-17-000017 December 1970
000000001971-01-21-000021 January 1971
35
Bombay High Court
Varahagiri Venkata Giri

13
Sarv Mittra Sikri
000000001971-01-22-000022 January 1971
000000001973-04-25-000025 April 1973
824
Lahore High Court

14
Ajit Nath Ray
000000001973-04-26-000026 April 1973
000000001977-01-27-000027 January 1977
1372
Calcutta High Court

15
Mirza Hameedullah Beg
000000001977-01-28-000028 January 1977
000000001978-02-21-000021 February 1978
389
Allahabad High Court
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

16
Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
000000001978-02-22-000022 February 1978
000000001985-07-11-000011 July 1985
2696
Bombay High Court
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

17
Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati
000000001985-07-12-000012 July 1985
000000001986-12-20-000020 December 1986
526
Gujarat High Court
Gyani Zail Singh

18
Raghunandan Swarup Pathak
000000001986-12-21-000021 December 1986
000000001989-06-18-000018 June 1989‡
940
Allahabad High Court

19
Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah
000000001989-06-19-000019 June 1989
000000001989-12-17-000017 December 1989
181
Karnataka High Court
Ramaswamy Venkataraman

20
Sabyasachi Mukharji
000000001989-12-18-000018 December 1989
000000001990-09-25-000025 September 1990‡‡
281
Calcutta High Court

21
Ranganath Misra
000000001990-09-26-000026 September 1990
000000001991-11-24-000024 November 1991
424
Odisha High Court

22
Kamal Narain Singh
000000001991-11-25-000025 November 1991
000000001991-12-12-000012 December 1991
17
Allahabad High Court

23
Madhukar Hiralal Kania
000000001991-12-13-000013 December 1991
000000001992-11-17-000017 November 1992
340
Bombay High Court

24
Lalit Mohan Sharma
000000001992-11-18-000018 November 1992
000000001993-02-11-000011 February 1993
85
Patna High Court
Shankar Dayal Sharma

25
Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah
000000001993-02-12-000012 February 1993
000000001994-10-24-000024 October 1994
619
Karnataka High Court

26
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
000000001994-10-25-000025 October 1994
000000001997-03-24-000024 March 1997
881
Gujarat High Court

27
Jagdish Sharan Verma
000000001997-03-25-000025 March 1997
000000001998-01-17-000017 January 1998
298
Madhya Pradesh High Court

28
Madan Mohan Punchhi
000000001998-01-18-000018 January 1998
000000001998-10-09-00009 October 1998
264
Punjab and Haryana High Court
Kocheril Raman Narayanan

29
Adarsh Sein Anand
000000001998-10-10-000010 October 1998
000000002001-10-31-000031 October 2001
1,117
Jammu and Kashmir High Court

30
Sam Piroj Bharucha
000000002001-11-01-00001 November 2001
000000002002-05-05-00005 May 2002
185
Bombay High Court

31
Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
000000002002-05-06-00006 May 2002
000000002002-11-07-00007 November 2002
185
Delhi High Court

32
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
000000002002-11-08-00008 November 2002
000000002002-12-18-000018 December 2002
40
Odisha High Court
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

33
V. N. Khare
000000002002-12-19-000019 December 2002
000000002004-05-01-00001 May 2004
499
Allahabad High Court

34
S. Rajendra Babu
000000002004-05-02-00002 May 2004
000000002004-05-31-000031 May 2004
29
Karnataka High Court

35
Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
000000002004-06-01-00001 June 2004
000000002005-10-31-000031 October 2005
517
Madhya Pradesh High Court

36
Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
000000002005-11-01-00001 November 2005
000000002007-01-13-000013 January 2007
438
Delhi High Court

37
K. G. Balakrishnan
000000002007-01-14-000014 January 2007
000000002010-05-12-000012 May 2010
1,214
Kerala High Court

38
S. H. Kapadia
000000002010-05-12-000012 May 2010
000000002012-09-28-000028 September 2012
870
Bombay High Court
Pratibha Patil

39
Altamas Kabir
000000002012-09-29-000029 September 2012
000000002013-07-18-000018 July 2013
292
Calcutta High Court
Pranab Mukherjee

40
P. Sathasivam
000000002013-07-19-000019 July 2013
000000002014-04-26-000026 April 2014
281
Madras High Court

41
Rajendra Mal Lodha
000000002014-04-27-000027 April 2014
000000002014-09-27-000027 September 2014
153
Rajasthan High Court

42
H. L. Dattu
000000002014-09-28-000028 September 2014
000000002015-12-02-00002 December 2015
430
Karnataka High Court

43
T. S. Thakur
000000002015-12-03-00003 December 2015
000000002017-01-03-00003 January 2017
397
Jammu and Kashmir High Court

44
Jagdish Singh Khehar
000000002017-01-04-00004 January 2017
000000002017-08-27-000027 August 2017
236
Punjab and Haryana High Court

45
Dipak Misra
000000002017-08-28-000028 August 2017
Incumbent
43
Odisha High Court
Ram Nath Kovind

text: Notes[edit]

text:
‡ - Date of Resignation
‡‡ - Date of Death

tag: ul


document_title: Psychosexual development

question_text: when do psychosexual maturity and the ability to love begin

text: Psychosexual development

text: Background[edit]

text: Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) observed that during the predictable stages of early childhood development, the child's behavior is oriented towards certain parts of his or her body, e.g. the mouth during breast-feeding, the anus during toilet-training. He argued that adult neurosis (functional mental disorder) often is rooted in childhood sexuality, and consequently suggested that neurotic adult behaviors are manifestations of childhood sexual fantasy and desire. That is because human beings are born "polymorphous perverse", infants can derive sexual pleasure from any part of their bodies, and that socialization directs the instinctual libidinal drives into adult heterosexuality.[3] Given the predictable timeline of childhood behavior, he proposed "libido development" as a model of normal childhood sexual development, wherein the child progresses through five psychosexual stages – the oral; the anal; the phallic; the latent; and the genital – in which the source pleasure is in a different erogenous zone.

text: Freudian psychosexual development[edit]

text: Sexual infantilism: in pursuing and satisfying his or her libido (sexual drive), the child might experience failure (parental and societal disapproval) and thus might associate anxiety with the given erogenous zone. To avoid anxiety, the child becomes fixated, preoccupied with the psychologic themes related to the erogenous zone in question, which persist into adulthood, and underlie the personality and psychopathology of the man or woman, as neurosis, hysteria, personality disorders, et cetera.

text:
Stage
Age Range
Erogenous zone
Consequences of psychologic fixation

Oral
Birth–1 year
Mouth
Orally aggressive: chewing gum and the ends of pencils, etc.Orally passive: smoking, eating, kissing, oral sexual practices[4]Oral stage fixation might result in a passive, gullible, immature, manipulative personality.

Anal
1–3 years
Bowel and bladder elimination
Anal retentive: Obsessively organized, or excessively neatAnal expulsive: reckless, careless, defiant, disorganized, coprophiliac

Phallic
3–6 years
Genitalia
Oedipus complex (in boys and girls); according to Sigmund Freud.
Electra complex (in girls); according to Carl Jung.

Latency
6–puberty
Dormant sexual feelings
Sexual unfulfillment if fixation occurs in this stage.

Genital
Puberty–death
Sexual interests mature
Frigidity, impotence, unsatisfactory relationships

text: Oral stage[edit]

text: The first stage of psychosexual development is the oral stage, spanning from birth until the age of one year, wherein the infant's mouth is the focus of libidinal gratification derived from the pleasure of feeding at the mother's breast, and from the oral exploration of his or her environment, i.e. the tendency to place objects in the mouth. The id dominates, because neither the ego nor the super ego is yet fully developed, and, since the infant has no personality (identity), every action is based upon the pleasure principle. Nonetheless, the infantile ego is forming during the oral stage; two factors contribute to its formation: (i) in developing a body image, he or she is discrete from the external world, e.g. the child understands pain when it is applied to his or her body, thus identifying the physical boundaries between body and environment; (ii) experiencing delayed gratification leads to understanding that specific behaviors satisfy some needs, e.g. crying gratifies certain needs.[5]

text: Weaning is the key experience in the infant's oral stage of psychosexual development, his or her first feeling of loss consequent to losing the physical intimacy of feeding at mother's breast. Yet, weaning increases the infant's self-awareness that he or she does not control the environment, and thus learns of delayed gratification, which leads to the formation of the capacities for independence (awareness of the limits of the self) and trust (behaviors leading to gratification). Yet, thwarting of the oral-stage — too much or too little gratification of desire — might lead to an oral-stage fixation, characterised by passivity, gullibility, immaturity, unrealistic optimism, which is manifested in a manipulative personality consequent to ego malformation. In the case of too much gratification, the child does not learn that he or she does not control the environment, and that gratification is not always immediate, thereby forming an immature personality. In the case of too little gratification, the infant might become passive upon learning that gratification is not forthcoming, despite having produced the gratifying behavior.[5]

text: Anal stage[edit]

text: The second stage of psychosexual development is the anal stage, spanning from the age of eighteen months to three years, wherein the infant's erogenous zone changes from the mouth (the upper digestive tract) to the anus (the lower digestive tract), while the ego formation continues. Toilet training is the child's key anal-stage experience, occurring at about the age of two years, and results in conflict between the id (demanding immediate gratification) and the ego (demanding delayed gratification) in eliminating bodily wastes, and handling related activities (e.g. manipulating excrement, coping with parental demands). The style of parenting influences the resolution of the id–ego conflict, which can be either gradual and psychologically uneventful, or which can be sudden and psychologically traumatic.

text: The ideal resolution of the id–ego conflict is in the child's adjusting to moderate parental demands that teach the value and importance of physical cleanliness and environmental order, thus producing a self-controlled adult. Yet, if the parents make immoderate demands of the child, by over-emphasizing toilet training, it might lead to the development of a compulsive personality, a person too concerned with neatness and order. If the child obeys the id, and the parents yield, he or she might develop a self-indulgent personality characterized by personal slovenliness and environmental disorder. If the parents respond to that, the child must comply, but might develop a weak sense of self, because it was the parents' will, and not the child's ego, which controlled the toilet training.

text: Phallic stage[edit]

text: The third stage of psychosexual development is the phallic stage, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the child's genitalia are his or her primary erogenous zone. It is in this third infantile development stage that children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents; they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, and so learn the physical (sexual) differences between "male" and "female" and the gender differences between "boy" and "girl". In the phallic stage, a boy's decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex, his son–father competition  for possession of mother. This psychological complex derives from the 5th-century BC Greek mythologic character Oedipus, who unwittingly killed his father, Laius, and sexually possessed his mother, Jocasta. Analogously, in the phallic stage, a girl's decisive psychosexual experience is the Electra complex, her daughter–mother competition  for psychosexual possession of father. This psychological complex derives from the 5th-century BC Greek mythologic character Electra, who plotted matricidal revenge with Orestes, her brother, against Clytemnestra, their mother, and Aegisthus, their stepfather, for their murder of Agamemnon, their father, (cf. Electra, by Sophocles).[6][7][8]

text: Initially, Freud equally applied the Oedipus complex to the psychosexual development of boys and girls, but later developed the female aspects of the theory as the feminine Oedipus attitude and the negative Oedipus complex;[9] yet, it was his student–collaborator, Carl Jung, who coined the term Electra complex in 1913.[10][11] Nonetheless, Freud rejected Jung's term as psychoanalytically inaccurate: "that what we have said about the Oedipus complex applies with complete strictness to the male child only, and that we are right in rejecting the term 'Electra complex', which seeks to emphasize the analogy between the attitude of the two sexes".[12][13]

text: Oedipus : Despite mother being the parent who primarily gratifies the child's desires, the child begins forming a discrete sexual identity — "boy", "girl" — that alters the dynamics of the parent and child relationship; the parents become the focus of infantile libidinal energy. The boy focuses his libido (sexual desire) upon his mother, and focuses jealousy and emotional rivalry against his father — because it is he who sleeps with mother. To facilitate uniting him with his mother, the boy's id wants to kill father (as did Oedipus), but the ego, pragmatically based upon the reality principle, knows that the father is the stronger of the two males competing to possess the one female. Nevertheless, the boy remains ambivalent about his father's place in the family, which is manifested as fear of castration by the physically greater father; the fear is an irrational, subconscious manifestation of the infantile Id.[14]

text: Electra : Whereas boys develop castration anxiety, girls develop penis envy that is rooted in anatomic fact: without a penis, she cannot sexually possess mother, as the infantile id demands. As a result, the girl redirects her desire for sexual union upon father; thus, she progresses towards heterosexual femininity that culminates in bearing a child who replaces the absent penis. Moreover, after the phallic stage, the girl's psychosexual development includes transferring her primary erogenous zone from the infantile clitoris to the adult vagina. Freud thus considered a girl's Oedipal conflict to be more emotionally intense than that of a boy, potentially resulting in a submissive woman of insecure personality.[15]

text: Psychologic defense : In both sexes, defense mechanisms provide transitory resolutions of the conflict between the drives of the Id and the drives of the Ego. The first defense mechanism is repression, the blocking of memories, emotional impulses, and ideas from the conscious mind; yet it does not resolve the Id–Ego conflict. The second defense mechanism is Identification, by which the child incorporates, to his or her ego, the personality characteristics of the same-sex parent; in so adapting, the boy diminishes his castration anxiety, because his likeness to father protects him from father's wrath as a rival for mother; by so adapting, the girl facilitates identifying with mother, who understands that, in being females, neither of them possesses a penis, and thus they are not antagonists.[16]

text: Dénouement : Unresolved psychosexual competition for the opposite-sex parent might produce a phallic-stage fixation leading a girl to become a woman who continually strives to dominate men (viz. penis envy), either as an unusually seductive woman (high self-esteem) or as an unusually submissive woman (low self-esteem). In a boy, a phallic-stage fixation might lead him to become an aggressive, over-ambitious, vain man. Therefore, the satisfactory parental handling and resolution of the Oedipus complex and of the Electra complex are most important in developing the infantile super-ego, because, by identifying with a parent, the child internalizes morality, thereby, choosing to comply with societal rules, rather than having to reflexively comply in fear of punishment.

text: Latency stage[edit]

text: The fourth stage of psychosexual development is the latency stage that spans from the age of six years until puberty, wherein the child consolidates the character habits he or she developed in the three, earlier stages of psychologic and sexual development. Whether or not the child has successfully resolved the Oedipal conflict, the instinctual drives of the id are inaccessible to the Ego, because his or her defense mechanisms repressed them during the phallic stage. Hence, because said drives are latent (hidden) and gratification is delayed — unlike during the preceding oral, anal, and phallic stages — the child must derive the pleasure of gratification from secondary process-thinking that directs the libidinal drives towards external activities, such as schooling, friendships, hobbies, etc. Any neuroses established during the fourth, latent stage, of psychosexual development might derive from the inadequate resolution either of the Oedipus conflict or of the Ego's failure to direct his or her energies towards socially acceptable activities.

text: Genital stage[edit]

text: The fifth stage of psychosexual development is the genital stage that spans puberty through adult life, and thus represents most of a person's life; its purpose is the psychological detachment and independence from the parents. The genital stage affords the person the ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining psychosexual childhood conflicts. As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is centered upon the genitalia, but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile. The psychological difference between the phallic and genital stages is that the ego is established in the latter; the person's concern shifts from primary-drive gratification (instinct) to applying secondary process-thinking to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, a love relationship, family and adult responsibilities.

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Scientific[edit]

text: A usual criticism of the scientific (experimental) validity of the Freudian psychology theory of human psychosexual development is that Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was personally fixated upon human sexuality; therefore, he favored defining human development with a normative theory of psychologic and sexual development.[17] Hence, the phallic stage proved controversial, for being based upon clinical observations of the Oedipus complex.

text: In Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy (1909), the case study of the boy "Little Hans" (Herbert Graf, 1903–73) who was afflicted with equinophobia, the relation between Hans's fears - of horses and of father - derived from external factors such as the birth of his sister, and internal factors like the desire of the infantile id to replace father as companion to mother, as well as guilt for enjoying the masturbation normal to a boy of his age. Moreover, his admitting to wanting to procreate with mother was considered proof of the boy's sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent; he was a heterosexual male. Yet, the boy Hans was unable to relate fearing horses to fearing his father. The psychoanalyst Freud noted that "Hans had to be told many things that he could not say himself" and that "he had to be presented with thoughts, which he had, so far, shown no signs of possessing".[17]

text: Many Freud critics believe the memories and fantasies of childhood seduction Freud reported, were not real memories, but were constructs that Freud created and forced upon his patients.[18] According to Frederick Crews, the seduction theory that Freud abandoned in the late 1890s acted as a precedent to the wave of false allegations of childhood sexual abuse in the 1980s and 1990s.[18]

text: Feminist[edit]

text: Contemporaneously, Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory is criticized as sexist, because it was informed with his introspection (self-analysis). To integrate the female libido (sexual desire) to psychosexual development, he proposed that girls develop "penis envy". In response, the German Neo-Freudian psychoanalyst Karen Horney, counter-proposed that girls instead develop "Power envy", rather than penis envy. She further proposed the concept of "womb and vagina envy", the male's envy of the female ability to bear children; yet, contemporary formulations further develop said envy from the biologic (child-bearing) to the psychologic (nurturance), envy of women's perceived right to be the kind parent.[19]

text: Anthropologic[edit]

text: Contemporary criticism also questions the universality of the Freudian theory of personality (Id, Ego, Super-ego) discussed in the essay On Narcissism (1914), wherein he said that "it is impossible to suppose that a unity, comparable to the ego can exist in the individual from the very start". Contemporary cultural considerations have questioned the normative presumptions of the Freudian psychodynamic perspective that posits the son–father conflict of the Oedipal complex as universal and essential to human psychologic development.

text: The anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski's studies of the Trobriand islanders challenged the Freudian proposal that psychosexual development (e.g. the Oedipus complex) was universal. He reported that in the insular matriarchal society of the Trobriand, boys are disciplined by their maternal uncles, not their fathers; impartial, avuncular discipline. In Sex and Repression in Savage Society (1927), Malinowski reported that boys dreamed of feared uncles, not of beloved fathers, thus, power — not sexual jealousy — is the source of Oedipal conflict in such non–Western societies. In Human Behavior in Global Perspective: an Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology (1999), Marshall H. Segall et al. propose that Freud based the theory of psychosexual development upon a misinterpretation.[20] Furthermore, contemporary research confirms that although personality traits corresponding to the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latent stage, and the genital stage are observable, they remain undetermined as fixed stages of childhood, and as adult personality traits derived from childhood.[21]

text: Medical sexological model[edit]

text: Modern scientific ideas about psychosexual development were reflected in the Medical Sexological Model,[22] which was formulated by the Ukrainian scientist Vyacheslav Kholodny in 2014. Postulates of this Model:

text:
Psychosexual development includes constituents: sexual consciousness, stereotype of gender role and psychosexual orientations (orientation of a libido and ways of its realization).
The libido contains conceptual, Platonic, erotic and sexual components.
Constituents and Components are formed through a phase of position formation and a realization phase.
There are content (semantic, scenario) and body elements in the Model.

tag: ol

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 Dr. Joseph Merlino on sexuality, insanity, Freud, fetishes and apathy


document_title: A Cinderella Story

question_text: who plays sam's dad in a cinderella story

question_tokens: who plays sam 's dad in a cinderella story

text: A Cinderella Story

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sam Montgomery lives in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, with her widowed father Hal, who runs a popular sports-themed diner. Hal soon marries a vain and selfish gold digger named Fiona, who has socially-awkward fraternal twin daughters, Brianna and Gabriella. During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Hal is killed when he runs to save Fiona. Having supposedly left no will, Fiona receives all of his belongings, including the house, the diner, and to her dismay, Sam.

text: Eight years later, Sam is employed as a waitress at the diner to save money to attend Princeton University, but she is regularly tormented by her stepfamily, who constantly insult her and treat her as if they were popular, despite being regarded as obnoxious. Sam struggles to cope socially at North Valley High School, where queen bee cheerleader Shelby Cummings also torments her and calls her "Diner Girl", along with other members of the popular clique.

text: Sam confides in her online pen pal "Nomad" about her dream to attend Princeton, a dream which he also shares. However, Nomad's true identity is Austin Ames, the popular, yet unhappy, quarterback of the school's football team and Shelby's ex-boyfriend, although she refuses to accept that he has broken up with her. The reason why he is unhappy is because Austin's father planned for him to go to the University of Southern California with a football scholarship rather than going to Princeton. Nomad proposes that they meet in person at the school's Halloween themed homecoming dance. On the night of the dance, Fiona orders Sam to work the night shift at the diner, then leaves to drive Brianna and Gabriella to the dance. Initially reluctant, Sam is convinced by her best friend, Carter Ferrell, to go to the dance and meet her mysterious online friend.

text: Rhonda, Sam's other best friend, and the rest of the diner staff also convince her to disobey Fiona and go to the dance anyway. Sam, wearing a mask and a beautiful white dress, meets Nomad at the dance, and is surprised to learn that he is Austin, who had become smitten with her upon her entrance. The two decide to leave the party to walk alone and get to know each other a little better. While sharing a romantic dance, Sam and Austin begin to fall in love. But just as Austin is about to unmask her, Sam's cell phone alarm goes off, warning her to return to the diner before Fiona returns at midnight. She leaves without revealing her identity to Austin, and drops her phone on the way out.

text: Austin picks up her phone and begins a desperate search to figure out who his "Cinderella" really is, but every girl at school claims to be the mysterious owner of the phone. Sam is reluctant to reveal her identity to Austin, feeling that he will not accept her due to her being ordinary and Austin being popular. When Austin comes into the diner one day, Sam is forced to help him and, after a talk, she attempts to reveal her identity to him, but is cut off by Fiona. Sam's stepsisters later discover Sam and Austin's email relationship, and (after failing to convince Austin that one of them is the owner of the phone) convince Shelby that Sam tried to steal Austin from her. During a pep rally, they and the other cheerleaders humiliate Sam in front of the entire school and expose her identity as well as naming her an impostor. Austin, hurt by Sam's secrecy, does not step up to defend her, and Sam leaves the pep rally in tears.

text: Like Austin, Sam had been accepted at Princeton, only to be duped by Fiona into believing she was rejected by having a fake rejection letter made. Sam then decides to give up on her dreams and resigns herself to working at the diner, but Rhonda gives Sam a pep talk not to lose hope. When her stepsisters come into the diner, they slam the door, causing a guitar to fall off the wall, tearing the wallpaper down with it, and blame it on Sam. Sam then sees her father's words, "Never let the fear of striking out keep you from playing the game," on the wall and regains her confidence (in real life, this quote came from Babe Ruth). She stands up to Fiona and her stepsisters stating that she will no longer put up with their emotional abuse, quits her job at the diner, and moves in with Rhonda, who also quits along with the entire diner staff, all of whom had only put up with so many years of Fiona's abuse after Hal's death for Sam's sake. The customers, who witness the entire scene, promptly leave in disgust as well.

text: Before the school's homecoming football game, Sam confronts Austin about his cowardice and not defending her at the pep rally. Before the final play of the game, he sees Sam making her way out of the stands, and finally stands up to his father, saying he wants to attend Princeton rather than simply play football all his life. He chases after Sam and apologizes. She accepts his apology, and they share their first kiss as rain falls over the drought-plagued valley (at the same time, the North Valley Fighting Frogs win the football game). Soon after, Sam finds Hal's will hidden in her childhood fairy-tale book, stating that all of his money & possessions actually belong to her. Since this leaves her as the rightful and legal owner, Sam sells her stepfamily's fancy cars so that she can pay for college, and Fiona, who signed the will as a witness but claims to have never seen it before, is arrested for financial fraud and violating California's child labor laws for all the times she made Sam work long hours at the diner in spite of her being a minor.

text: Sam finds that she was in fact accepted at Princeton; the acceptance letter is retrieved from the garbage by her stepsisters, who knew where Fiona hid it. Fiona, Brianna, and Gabriella are made by the District Attorney to work off the money they stole from Sam at the diner, which is restored to its former glory by its new owners, Sam and Rhonda. Also, Austin's father comes to accept his son's desire to attend Princeton. Things even work out in the end for Carter as he makes a commercial for acne medication. Shelby, having previously rejected Carter for being an outcast even after he was a proper gentleman to her at the Halloween dance, aims to pursue him since he is now popular, but after finally seeing her true shallow and cruel nature, he turns her down for Astrid, the high school's goth DJ and announcer. The film ends with Sam and Austin, now officially a couple, driving off to Princeton together after Sam gets her phone back from Austin.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hilary Duff as Samantha "Sam" Montgomery

Hannah Robinson as Young Sam

Chad Michael Murray as Austin Ames
Whip Hubley as Harold "Hal" Montgomery, Sam's dad
Jennifer Coolidge as Fiona, Sam's stepmom
Regina King as Rhonda
Dan Byrd as Carter Farrell
Madeline Zima as Brianna

Carlie Westerman as Young Brianna

Andrea Avery as Gabriella

Lilli Babb as Young Gabriella

Julie Gonzalo as Shelby Cummings
Brad Bufanda as David
Simon Helberg as Terry
J. D. Pardo as Ryan Hanson
Aimee Lynn Chadwick as Astrid, the campus DJ
Erica Hubbard as Madison
Kady Cole as Caitlyn
Mary Pat Gleason as Eleanor
Paul Rodriguez as Bobby
Lin Shaye as Mrs. Wells
Kevin Kilner as Andy Ames, Austin's dad
James Eckhouse as Mr. Farrell, Carter's dad

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 11% based on 103 reviews, with an average rating of 3.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An uninspired, generic updating of the classic fairy tale."[2] On Metacritic, the film has a score on 25 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[3] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[4]

text: Roger Ebert called A Cinderella Story "a lame, stupid movie".[5] The film was nominated for five Teen Choice Awards at the 2005 ceremony, winning the award for Choice Movie Blush Scene, the same year Duff won the Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actress. In 2005, Duff also received a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress nomination.

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $13,623,350 in 2,625 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #4 at the box office, behind I, Robot, Spider-Man 2 and Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy. By the end of its run, A Cinderella Story grossed $51,438,175 domestically and $18,629,734 internationally, totaling $70,067,909 worldwide.[1]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: The film was followed by three direct-to-video sequels, Another Cinderella Story (2008), A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song (2011) and A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016). The sequels use the themes and situations but do not contain any characters from the first film. Unlike the first film, the sequels also include musical and dance themes.