document_title: Grammy Award records

question_text: who won record of the year at the grammys

question_tokens: who won record of the year at the grammys

text: Grammy Award records

text: Awards[edit]

text: Most Grammys won[edit]

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

Alison Krauss

4
Pierre Boulez
26

5
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

7
John Williams
24

8
U2
22

Chick Corea

Beyoncé

11
Jay-Z
21

Kanye West

Vince Gill

14
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

Al Schmitt

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]

text: Georg Solti has won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

3
Pierre Boulez
26

4
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

6
John Williams
24

7
Chick Corea
22

8
Kanye West
21

Vince Gill

Jay Z

11
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Al Schmitt

Bruce Springsteen

15
Tony Bennett
18

Jimmy Sturr

Yo-Yo Ma

Paul McCartney

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]

text: Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Alison Krauss[note 1]
27

2
Beyoncé[note 2]
22

3
Aretha Franklin
18

4
Adele
15

Alicia Keys

6
Ella Fitzgerald
13

Leontyne Price

Emmylou Harris

9
CeCe Winans
12

10
Shirley Caesar
11

11
Chaka Khan
10

Bonnie Raitt

Linda Ronstadt

Taylor Swift

15
Mary J. Blige
9

Natalie Cole

Sheryl Crow

Norah Jones

Hillary Scott[note 3]

Rihanna

text: Most Grammys won by a group[edit]

text: U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
U2
22

2
Alison Krauss and Union Station
14

3
Dixie Chicks
13

4
Foo Fighters
12

5
Pat Metheny Group
10

6
The Manhattan Transfer
9

The Beatles

Emerson String Quartet

Asleep At The Wheel

10
Blackwood Brothers
8

Metallica

Santana

Take 6

14
Coldplay
7

Kentucky Thunder

Lady Antebellum

Simon & Garfunkel

Los Tigres del Norte

text: Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]

text: Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.

text:
Rank
Producer
Awards

1
Quincy Jones
27

2
Kanye West
21

3
David Foster
16

James Mallinson

David Frost

6
Steven Epstein
15

7
Phil Ramone
14

8
T Bone Burnett
13

Robert Woods

Jay David Saks

11
Arif Mardin
11

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]

text: Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.

text: Youngest winners[edit]

text: The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
9 years
Hannah Peasall

3
13 years
Sarah Peasall

4
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

5
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

6
17 years, 81 days
Lorde

7
18 years, 105 days
Daya

8
18 years, 123 days
Monica

9
19 years, 67 days
Christina Aguilera

10
19 years, 112 days
LaTavia Roberson

text: Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]

text: Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
20 years, 49 days
Taylor Swift

2
21 years, 242 days
Alanis Morissette

3
22 years, 18 days
Barbra Streisand

4
23 years, 274 days
Lauryn Hill

5
23 years, 283 days
Adele

6
23 years, 293 days
Stevie Wonder

7
23 years, 330 days
Norah Jones

text: Oldest winners[edit]

text: Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
97 years, 221 days
Pinetop Perkins

2
95 years, 31 days
George Burns

3
91 years, 137 days
Jimmy Carter

4
90 years, 52 days
Elizabeth Cotten

5
90 years, 26 days
Betty White

text: Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.

text: Most honored albums[edit]

text: Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honoured album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.

text:
Rank
Albums and artists
Awards

1
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2
9

Supernatural — Santana

3
Come Away With Me — Norah Jones
8

Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles

Thriller — Michael Jackson

6
All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2
7

Back on the Block — Quincy Jones

24K Magic — Bruno Mars

9
21 — Adele
6

Back To Black — Amy Winehouse

The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z

Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel

Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss

The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller

Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks

To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar

Toto IV — Toto

Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole

Unplugged — Eric Clapton

text: Most Album of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most Album of the Year wins is four.

text: Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)

text: Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and three engineer/mixers have won the award three times.

text:
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time Out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Serban Ghenea, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)
John Hanes, engineer/mixer — 1989 (2016), 25 (2017), 24K Magic (2018)

text: Most Record of the Year wins[edit]

text: Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four consecutive times as a mastering engineer.

text: Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]

text: Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:

text:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)

text: Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]

text: Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.

text: After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:

text: Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.

text: Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

text: Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

text: Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

text: Tom Coyne won Record of the Year four years in a row (2015–2018).

text: Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]

text: There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.

text: Single ceremony[edit]

text: Most Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.[7]

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

Santana (2000)

3
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Paul Simon (1971)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Beyoncé (2010)

Adele (2012)

Bruno Mars (2018)

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson won eight in 1984.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

2
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Paul Simon (1971)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Bruno Mars (2018)

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]

text: The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Beyoncé (2010)
6

Adele (2012)

3
Lauryn Hill (1999)
5

Alicia Keys (2002)

Norah Jones (2003)

Beyoncé (2004)

Amy Winehouse (2008)

Alison Krauss (2009)

Adele (2017)

text: Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]

text: In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
Santana (2000)
8

2
Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
5

U2 (2006)

Dixie Chicks (2007)

Lady Antebellum (2011)

Foo Fighters (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]

text: The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]

text: The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.

text: Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]

text: Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[8]

text: Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]

text: The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Seven artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.

text:
Year
Artist

1971
Paul Simon

1972
Carole King

1981
Christopher Cross

1993
Eric Clapton

2007
Dixie Chicks

2012
Adele

2017

2018
Bruno Mars

text: Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]

text: The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text: Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Most Grammy nominations[edit]

text: Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[9][10]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Quincy Jones
79

2
Paul McCartney[note 4]
78

3
Georg Solti
74

Stevie Wonder

Jay Z

6
Henry Mancini
72

7
Kanye West
68

8
Pierre Boulez
67

John Williams

10
Chick Corea
64

11
Leonard Bernstein
63

Beyoncé[note 5]

13
Jay David Saks
53

14
Thomas Z. Shepard
50

Bruce Springsteen

16
Willie Nelson
49

James Mallinson

Babyface

text: Most nominations in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations
Year

1
Michael Jackson
12
1984

2
Kendrick Lamar
11
2016

3
Lauryn Hill
10
1999

Kanye West
2005

Beyoncé
2010

Eminem
2011

7
Roger Miller
9
1966

Paul McCartney
1966

The Manhattan Transfer
1986

Jay Z
2014

Beyoncé
2017

text: Most nominations without winning[edit]

text: The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 24, held by Morten Lindberg.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Morten Lindberg
24

2
Snoop Dogg
17

Brian McKnight

4
Joe Satriani
15

5
Toshiko Akiyoshi
14

Martina McBride

Dierks Bentley

Björk

9
Katy Perry
13

Nas

Spyro Gyra

Musiq Soulchild

13
Diana Ross
12

Alan Parsons

Busta Rhymes

Ledisi

Lenny Gomulka

Fred Hersch

Keith Jarrett

text: Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Paul McCartney (1966)
9

2
Kanye West (2017)
8

Rihanna (2017)

Jay-Z (2018)

5
Stevie Wonder (1983)
7

India.Arie (2002)

Kendrick Lamar (2014)

8
Henry Mancini (1959)
6

Thomas Z. Shepard (1970)

Mariah Carey (1996)

50 Cent (2006)

Bruno Mars (2012)

13
Robert M. Jones (1961)
5

Elvis Presley (1961)

Frank Sinatra (1961)

James Taylor (1971)

Eugene Ormandy (1971)

Paul McCartney (1983)

Sting (1986)

Jay David Saks (1986)

Leonard Bernstein (1989)

Joan Osborne (1996)

Avril Lavigne (2003)

50 Cent (2004)

Alicia Keys (2006)

Gwen Stefani (2006)

Prince (2007)

James Blunt (2007)

Jazmine Sullivan (2009)

B.o.B (2011)

Lil Wayne (2012)

Drake (2014, 2016)

Khalid (2018)

No I.D. (2018)

SZA (2018)

text: Grammy nominations in the most fields[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Number
Fields

1
Quincy Jones
15
Spoken word, arranging, music video/film, jazz, pop, rap, general field, r&b, children's, musical theatre, disco, composition, gospel/contemporary christian music, music for visual media and production, non-classical

2
Paul McCartney
11
General field, pop, arranging, rock, traditional, music for visual media, music video/film, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap

3
David Foster
10
R&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, production, music video/film, pop, traditional, musical theatre and general field

Bob Dylan
Country, general field, gospel/contemporary christian music, rock, music video/film, music for visual media, folk pop, american roots, and traditional

5
Jack White
9
Rock, general field, alternative, country, pop, package, music video/film, american roots and engineered album

Béla Fleck
Country, pop, jazz, american roots, world music, classical, folk, spoken word, composition and arranging

Janet Jackson
General field, pop, r&b, rock, arranging, rap, music video/film, dance and production, non-classical

8
Cyndi Lauper
8
Rock, pop, general field, music video/film, disco, arranging, american roots and musical theatre

Prince
General field, pop, r&b, rock, engineered album, music video/film, music for visual media and production, non-classical

Michael Jackson
General field, pop, r&b, rock, disco, children's, music video/film and production, non-classical

Danger Mouse
General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, alternative, music video/film and production, non-classical

Herbie Hancock
General field, pop, r&b, rock, jazz, music video/film, music for visual media and composition

Lionel Richie
General field, pop, r&b, music for visual media, dance, arranging, gospel/contemporary christian music and production, non-classical

Justin Timberlake
General field, pop, r&b, country, rap, music for visual media, dance and music video/film

Stevie Wonder
General field, pop, r&b, arranging, composition, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical

Beyoncé
General field, pop, r&b, rock, rap, music for visual media, surround sound and music video/film

Pharrell Williams
General field, pop, r&b, dance, rap, music for visual media, music video/film and production, non-classical

text: Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]

text: Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.

text:
Year
Artist

1968
Bobbie Gentry

1980
Christopher Cross

1985
Cyndi Lauper

1989
Tracy Chapman

1991
Mariah Carey

1998
Paula Cole

2002
India.Arie

2008
Amy Winehouse

2013
Fun.

2015
Sam Smith

text: Youngest nominees[edit]

text: Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[11]

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
8 years, 161 days
Deleon Richards

3
9 years
Hannah Peasall

4
12 years, 126 days
Zac Hanson

5
12 years, 155 days
Joey Alexander

6
12 years, 199 days
Michael Jackson

7
12 years, 273 days
Billy Gilman

8
13 years
Sarah Peasall

9
14 years, 45 days
Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith

10
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

11
14 years, 197 days
Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly

12
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

13
14 years, 348 days
Taylor Hanson


document_title: London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)

question_text: who bought london bridge thinking it was tower bridge

root

text: London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The 1831 London Bridge was the last project of engineer John Rennie and was completed by his son, John Rennie the Younger.[3] By 1962, the bridge was not sound enough to support the increased load of modern traffic, and it was sold by the City of London.

tag: p

text: The purchaser, Robert P. McCulloch, the chairman of McCulloch Oil Corporation, was the founder of Lake Havasu City, his retirement real estate development on the east shore of Lake Havasu, a large reservoir on the Colorado River. McCulloch purchased the bridge as a tourist attraction for Lake Havasu, which was then far from the usual tourist track. The idea was successful, bringing interested tourists and retirement home buyers to the area.

text: Originally, the deserted Lake Havasu vacant land was given to the state of Arizona by the U.S. Federal Government. The federal property was an abandoned military landing strip. McCulloch made a deal with the state government and received the property for free with a promise to develop the land. But the real estate agents could not bring in prospective buyers, because the land was far from centers of population and had a very hot, arid climate. McCulloch's real estate agent, Robert Plumer, learned that London Bridge was for sale and convinced McCulloch to buy it and bring it to the area to attract potential land buyers. The initial response from McCulloch was, "That's the craziest idea I have ever heard," but after consideration, he decided to go ahead with the purchase. Plumer then arranged with a cargo shipping company that was going to sail a newly-built ship from Great Britain to the United States without any cargo. Plumer said they would pay for all operating costs of the sailing, which was far less than the going rate shipping costs. The bridge's facing stones were disassembled, and each was numbered. After the bridge was dismantled, it was transported to Merrivale Quarry where 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 inches) were sliced off many of the original stones. The bridge arrived in pieces at the Port of Long Beach, California and was transported overland to Lake Havasu City, where re-assembly began in 1968. On 23 September 1968, the foundation stone was relaid by Sir Gilbert Inglefield, Lord Mayor of London.[4]

text: The original stonework was used to clad a new concrete structure.[1] The reconstruction took slightly over three years and was completed in late 1971. The bridge was not reconstructed over a river, but rather it was rebuilt on land in a position between the main part of the city and Pittsburgh Point, at that time a peninsula jutting into Lake Havasu. Once completed, the Bridgewater Channel Canal was dredged under the bridge and flooded, separating Pittsburgh Point from the city, creating an island. As a result, the bridge now traverses a navigable shortcut between the Thompson Bay part of Lake Havasu south of Pittsburgh Point, and the remainder of Lake Havasu to the north.[5]

text: After the bridge was reconstructed, prospective buyers of land were attracted to visit the bridge and take a tour of properties for sale. Land sales improved, and McCulloch recouped all his expenses on the purchase and shipping of the bridge. Since he had obtained the land at no cost, the sale of the properties paid for the bridge and more. Recent years have seen much development in the area of the bridge to increase tourist interest. The original "English Village", a quaint English-style open-air mall with hedge maze and historical museum deteriorated, with sections leveled. A revitalization of the English Village was undertaken by the Lake Havasu City Convention & Visitors Bureau. [6] Condos were proposed in 2011 by the owner, Virtual Realty Enterprises. [7]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: It is a popular rumor that the bridge was bought in the belief that it was London's more recognizable Tower Bridge,[8][9][10] but this was ardently denied by McCulloch himself and by Ivan Luckin, who sold the bridge.[11]

text: American soft rock band Bread recorded a song called "London Bridge" on their first album Bread in 1969, when lead singer David Gates learned that London Bridge was sold and to be relocated in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. His thought at the time, according to the liner notes on Bread's album Retrospective was, "is nothing sacred anymore?"[12]

text: The live country-western album Viva Terlingua, by Jerry Jeff Walker, includes an amusing song written by Gary P. Nunn entitled "London Homesick Blues." It is the lament of a Texan trapped in London and quite out of his element. A line in the song is "and even London Bridge has fallen down and moved to Arizona".

text: In the 1970 song P.F._Sloan_(song) [13] from the album "Words and Music" by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb [14] he refers to the relocation of London Bridge in the lines "The London Bridge was finally found, they moved it to another town, and now all the people gather 'round to watch the bridge fall down, but I don't think it will no more."

text: Image gallery[edit]

text:
London Bridge in the early 1890s

London Bridge around 1900 with traffic

Bridge reconstruction at Lake Havasu in March 1971

The rebuilt London Bridge in 2003

Sign on the bridge

Numbered stone still visible

Aerial photo of the bridge in 2011

tag: ul


document_title: List of NBA franchise post-season droughts

question_text: when is the last time the sacramento kings made the playoffs

text: Active droughts[edit]

text: NBA Playoffs appearance droughts[edit]

text:
^
Longest drought in team history

text:
Seasons
Team
Last earned appearance
in NBA playoffs
Reference

12
Sacramento Kings ^
2006 First Round
[5]

8
Phoenix Suns ^
2010 Western Finals
[6]

6
Orlando Magic ^
2012 First Round
[7]

5
Los Angeles Lakers ^
2013 First Round
[8]

5
Denver Nuggets
2013 First Round
[9]

5
New York Knicks
2013 Eastern Semifinals
[10]

3
Brooklyn Nets
2015 First Round
[11]

2
Charlotte Hornets
2016 First Round
[12]

2
Detroit Pistons
2016 First Round
[13]

2
Dallas Mavericks
2016 First Round
[14]

1
Chicago Bulls
2017 First Round
[15]

1
Memphis Grizzlies
2017 First Round
[16]

1
Atlanta Hawks
2017 First Round
[17]

1
Los Angeles Clippers
2017 First Round
[18]

2018 Playoff teams

–
Indiana Pacers
2018 First Round
[19]

–
Miami Heat
2018 First Round
[20]

–
Washington Wizards
2018 First Round
[21]

–
Milwaukee Bucks
2018 First Round
[22]

–
Portland Trail Blazers
2018 First Round
[23]

–
Oklahoma City Thunder
2018 First Round
[24]

–
San Antonio Spurs
2018 First Round
[25]

–
Minnesota Timberwolves
2018 First Round
[26]

–
Philadelphia 76ers
2018 Eastern Semifinals
[27]

–
Toronto Raptors
2018 Eastern Semifinals
[28]

–
New Orleans Pelicans
2018 Western Semifinals
[29]

–
Utah Jazz
2018 Western Semifinals
[30]

–
Boston Celtics
2018 Eastern Finals
[31]

–
Houston Rockets
2018 Western Finals
[32]

–
Golden State Warriors
2018 NBA Finals
[33]

–
Cleveland Cavaliers
2018 NBA Finals
[34]

text: NBA Playoffs series win droughts[edit]

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for Longest drought in team history

0♦0
Most consecutive series losses in team history

0♣ ♣0
Most consecutive losses in NBA history

text:
Current Playoff series loss streak

Team
Last series win
in NBA Playoffs
Seasons
since win
Losing
streak
Series losses – teams
Ref

Milwaukee Bucks ^
2001 Eastern Semifinals
17
9 ♣♣
2001 Philadelphia
2003 New Jersey Nets 00
2004 Detroit
2006 Detroit
2010 Atlanta
2013 Miami
2015 Chicago
2017 Toronto
2018 Boston
[22]

Charlotte Hornets ^
2002 Eastern First Round
14[a]
4 ♦
2002 New Jersey Nets
2010 Orlando
2014 Miami
2016 Miami
[12]

Sacramento Kings
2004 Western First Round
14
3
2004 Minnesota
2005 Seattle
2006 San Antonio
[5]

Minnesota Timberwolves †
2004 Western Semifinals
14
2
2004 Los Angeles Lakers
2018 Houston
[26]

Detroit Pistons
2008 Eastern Semifinals
10
3
2008 Boston
2009 Cleveland
2016 Cleveland
[13]

Denver Nuggets
2009 Western Semifinals
9
5
2009 Los Angeles Lakers
2010 Utah
2011 Oklahoma City
2012 Los Angeles Lakers
2013 Golden State
[9]

Orlando Magic
2010 Eastern Semifinals
8
3
2010 Boston
2011 Atlanta
2012 Indiana
[7]

Phoenix Suns ^
2010 Western Semifinals
8
1
2010 Los Angeles Lakers
[6]

Dallas Mavericks
2011 Finals
7
4 ♦
2012 Oklahoma City
2014 San Antonio
2015 Houston
2016 Oklahoma City
[14]

Los Angeles Lakers ^
2012 Western First Round
6
2
2012 Oklahoma City
2013 San Antonio
[8]

New York Knicks
2013 Eastern First Round
5
1
2013 Indiana
[10]

Brooklyn Nets
2014 Eastern First Round
4
2
2014 Miami
2015 Atlanta
[11]

Indiana Pacers
2014 Eastern Semifinals
4
4
2014 Miami
2016 Toronto
2017 Cleveland
2018 Cleveland
[19]

Chicago Bulls
2015 Eastern First Round
3
2
2015 Cleveland
2017 Boston
[15]

Memphis Grizzlies
2015 Western First Round
3
2
2015 Golden State
2016 San Antonio Spurs
2017 San Antonio Spurs
[16]

Los Angeles Clippers
2015 Western First Round
3
3
2015 Houston
2016 Portland
2017 Utah
[18]

Atlanta Hawks
2016 Eastern First Round
2
2
2016 Cleveland
2017 Washington
[17]

Portland Trail Blazers
2016 Western First Round
2
3
2016 Golden State
2017 Golden State
2018 New Orleans
[23]

Miami Heat
2016 Eastern First Round
2
2
2016 Toronto
2018 Philadelphia
[20]

Oklahoma City Thunder
2016 Western Semifinals
2
3
2016 Golden State
2017 Houston
2018 Utah
[25]

Washington Wizards
2017 Eastern First Round
1
2
2017 Boston
2018 Toronto
[21]

San Antonio Spurs
2017 Western Semifinals
1
2
2017 Golden State
2018 Golden State
[25]

z
30002018 Playoff Series
0 Winners
3000
3000

Toronto Raptors
2018 Eastern First Round
—
1
2018 Cleveland
[28]

Philadelphia 76ers
2018 Eastern First Round
—
1
2018 Boston
[27]

New Orleans Pelicans
2018 Western First Round
—
1
2018 Golden State
[29]

Utah Jazz
2018 Western First Round
—
1
2018 Houston
[30]

Boston Celtics
2018 Eastern Semifinals
—
1
2018 Cleveland
[31]

Houston Rockets
2018 Western Semifinals
—
1
2018 Golden State
[32]

Cleveland Cavaliers
2018 Eastern Finals
—
0
3 series win streak
[34]

Golden State Warriors
2018 Western Finals
—
0
7 series win streak
[33]

Team
Last series win
in NBA Playoffs
Seasons
Since win
Losing
Streak
Series Losses – Teams
Ref

text: a Charlotte was inactive for two years following the 2001–02 season.

text: NBA Division Championship droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the 2017-18 regular season.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0♦0
2017–18 Division Champion

text:
Left click once on Seasons since win column heading then once on Division column heading
to show teams listed in order of division championships.

text:
Franchise
Most recent title
Division
Seasons since win

Charlotte Hornets ^
1  !None
East !Southeast
28

Memphis Grizzlies ^
1.1  !None
West !Southwest
23

Philadelphia 76ers ^
2000–01
East !Atlantic
17

Milwaukee Bucks ^
2000–01
East !Central
17

Sacramento Kings
2002–03
West !Pacific
15

Minnesota Timberwolves
2003–04
West !Northwest
14

Brooklyn Nets
2005–06
East !Atlantic
12

Phoenix Suns
2006–07
West !Pacific
11

New Orleans Pelicans ^
2007–08
West !Southwest
10

Detroit Pistons
2007–08
East !Central
10

Orlando Magic
2009–10
East !Southeast
8

Dallas Mavericks
2009–10
West !Southwest
8

Denver Nuggets
2009–10
West !Northwest
8

Los Angeles Lakers
2011–12
West !Pacific
6

Chicago Bulls
2011–12
East !Central
6

New York Knicks
2012–13
East !Atlantic
5

Indiana Pacers
2013–14
East !Central
4

Los Angeles Clippers
2013–14
West !Pacific
4

Atlanta Hawks
2014–15
East !Southeast
3

Oklahoma City Thunder
2015–16
West !Northwest
2

Boston Celtics
2016–17
East !Atlantic
1

San Antonio Spurs
2016–17
West !Southwest
1

Utah Jazz
2016–17
West !Northwest
1

Washington Wizards
2016–17
East !Southeast
1

Miami Heat ♦
2017–18
East !Southeast
-

Portland Trail Blazers ♦
2017–18
West !Northwest
-

Toronto Raptors ♦
2017–18
East !Atlantic
—

Cleveland Cavaliers ♦
2017–18
East !Central
—

Golden State Warriors ♦
2017–18
West !Pacific
—

Houston Rockets ♦
2017–18
West !Southwest
—

text: NBA Conference Finals appearance droughts[edit]

text:
^
Longest drought in team history

†
Tied for longest drought in team history

text:
Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Conference Finals
Result
Reference

48
Los Angeles Clippers ^
Never
z —
[18]

39
Washington Wizards ^[c]
1979
Won vs. San Antonio
[21]

28
Charlotte Hornets ^
Never
z —
[12]

18
Portland Trail Blazers ^
2000
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[23]

18
New York Knicks
2000
Lost vs. Indiana
[10]

17
Milwaukee Bucks ^
2001
Lost vs. Phil0Lost vs. Philadelphia0
[22]

17
Philadelphia 76ers ^
2001
Won vs. Milwaukee
[27]

16
Sacramento Kings
2002
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[5]

16
New Orleans Pelicans ^
Never
z —
[29]

15
Brooklyn Nets [d]
2003
Won vs. Detroit
[11]

14
Minnesota Timberwolves †
2004
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[26]

11
Utah Jazz
2007
Lost vs. San Antonio
[30]

10
Detroit Pistons
2008
Lost vs. Boston
[13]

9
Denver Nuggets
2009
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[9]

8
Orlando Magic
2010
Lost vs. Boston
[7]

8
Phoenix Suns
2010
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[6]

8
Los Angeles Lakers †
2010
Won vs. Phoenix
[8]

7
Chicago Bulls
2011
Lost vs. Miami
[15]

7
Dallas Mavericks
2011
Won vs. Oklahoma0Won vs. Oklahoma City0
[14]

5
Memphis Grizzlies
2013
Lost vs. San Antonio
[16]

4
Miami Heat
2014
Won vs. Indiana
[20]

4
Indiana Pacers
2014
Lost vs. Miami
[19]

3
Atlanta Hawks
2015
Lost vs. Cleveland
[17]

2
Toronto Raptors
2016
Lost vs. Cleveland
[28]

2
Oklahoma City Thunder
2016
Lost vs. Golden State
[24]

1
San Antonio Spurs
2017
Lost vs. Golden State
[25]

.85
Z2018 Conference Finalists
2017.5
zzz

0
Cleveland Cavaliers
2018
Won vs. Boston
[34]

0
Boston Celtics
2018
Lost vs. Cleveland
[31]

0
Houston Rockets
2018
Lost vs. Golden State
[32]

0
Golden State Warriors
2018
Won vs. Houston
[33]

text: NBA Finals appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in NBA Finals
Result
Reference

68
Sacramento Kings[a]
1951
Won vs. New York
[5]

58
Atlanta Hawks[b]
1961
Lost vs. Boston
[17]

48
Los Angeles Clippers
Never
yyyy —
[18]

44
Milwaukee Bucks
1974
Lost vs. Boston
[22]

42
Denver Nuggets
Never
yyyy—
[9]

39
Washington Wizards[c]
1979
Lost vs. Seattle
[21]

29
Minnesota Timberwolves
Never
yyyy—
[26]

28
Charlotte Hornets
Never
yyyy—
[12]

26
Portland Trail Blazers
1992
Lost vs. Chicago
[23]

25
Phoenix Suns
1993
Lost vs. Chicago
[6]

23
Toronto Raptors
Never
yyyy—
[28]

23
Houston Rockets
1995
Won vs. Orlando
[32]

23
Memphis Grizzlies
Never
yyyy—
[16]

20
Utah Jazz
1998
Lost vs. Chicago
[30]

20
Chicago Bulls
1998
Won vs. Utah
[15]

19
New York Knicks
1999
Lost vs. San Antonio
[10]

18
Indiana Pacers
2000
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[19]

17
Philadelphia 76ers
2001
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[27]

16
New Orleans Pelicans
Never
yyyy—
[29]

15
Brooklyn Nets[d]
2003
Lost vs. San Antonio
[11]

13
Detroit Pistons
2005
Lost vs. San Antonio
[13]

9
Orlando Magic
2009
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[7]

8
Boston Celtics
2010
Lost vs. Los Angeles Lakers
[31]

8
Los Angeles Lakers
2010
Won vs. Boston
[8]

7
Dallas Mavericks
2011
Won vs. Miami
[14]

6
Oklahoma City Thunder
2012
Lost vs. Miami
[24]

4
Miami Heat
2014.5 2014
Lost vs. San Antonio
[20]

4
San Antonio Spurs
2014.52014
Won vs. Miami
[25]

0
Z2018 Finalists
2017.5
zzz

0
Cleveland Cavaliers
2018
TBD
[34]

0
Golden State Warriors
2018
TBD
[33]

text:
a The Sacramento Kings last appeared in the 1951 NBA Finals as the Rochester Royals.
b The Atlanta Hawks last appeared in the 1961 NBA Finals as the St. Louis Hawks.
c The Washington Wizards last appeared in the 1979 Conference Finals and NBA Finals as the Washington Bullets.
d The Brooklyn Nets last appeared in the 2003 Conference Finals and NBA Finals as the New Jersey Nets.

text: NBA championship title droughts[edit]

text:
Seasons
Team
Last NBA championship
Reference

68
Sacramento Kings[a]
1951
[5]

61
Atlanta Hawks[b]
1958
[17]

50
Phoenix Suns
Never
[6]

48
Los Angeles Clippers
Never
[18]

47
Milwaukee Bucks
1971
[22]

45
New York Knicks
1973
[10]

44
Utah Jazz
Never
[30]

42
Denver Nuggets
Never
[9]

42
Brooklyn Nets
Never
[11]

42
Indiana Pacers
Never
[19]

41
Portland Trail Blazers
1977
[23]

40
Washington Wizards[c]
1978
[21]

39
Oklahoma City Thunder[d]
1979
[24]

35
Philadelphia 76ers
1983
[27]

29
Orlando Magic
Never
[7]

29
Minnesota Timberwolves
Never
[26]

28
Charlotte Hornets
Never
[12]

23
Houston Rockets
1995
[32]

23
Memphis Grizzlies
Never
[16]

23
Toronto Raptors
Never
[28]

20
Chicago Bulls
1998
[15]

16
New Orleans Pelicans
Never
[29]

14
Detroit Pistons
2004
[13]

10
Boston Celtics
2008
[31]

8
Los Angeles Lakers
2010
[8]

7
Dallas Mavericks
2011
[14]

5
Miami Heat
2013
[20]

4
San Antonio Spurs
2014
[25]

2
Cleveland Cavaliers
2016
[34]

Defending NBA champion

0
Golden State Warriors
2017
[33]

text:
a The Sacramento Kings last won an NBA championship in 1951 as the Rochester Royals.
b The Atlanta Hawks last won an NBA championship in 1958 as the St. Louis Hawks.
c The Washington Wizards last won an NBA championship in 1978 as the Washington Bullets.
d The Oklahoma City Thunder last won an NBA championship in 1979 as the Seattle SuperSonics.

text: All-time droughts[edit]

text: Closest approaches without winning[edit]

text: Updated through the 2018 playoffs.

text:
Last team to leave list - Cleveland Cavaliers 2016

Team
Conference Quarter-Final appearances
Conference Semi-Final appearances
Conference Final appearances
NBA Final appearances
Fewest wins short of NBA Championship

Brooklyn Nets
19
7
2
2
02 wins short : 2003

Indiana Pacers
25
10
8
1
02 wins short : 2000

Phoenix Suns
26
18
9
2
02 wins short : 1976, 1993

Utah Jazz
27
16
6
2
02 wins short : 1997, 1998

Orlando Magic
14
5
4
2
03 wins short : 2009

Toronto Raptors
10
4
1

6 wins short : 2016

Minnesota Timberwolves
9
1
1

06 wins short : 2004

Denver Nuggets
22
8
3

06 wins short : 1978, 2009

Memphis Grizzlies
10
3
1

08 wins short : 2013

Los Angeles Clippers
11
7

9 wins short : 1975, 2006, 2015

New Orleans Pelicans
7
2

9 wins short : 2008

Charlotte Hornets
10
4

11 wins short : 2002

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text: Updated through the 2018 playoffs.

text:
0^0
Denotes active drought

text:
Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

Los Angeles Clippers
1976–77 through 1990–91
15

Minnesota Timberwolves
2004–05 through 2016–17
13

Golden State Warriors
1994–95 through 2005–06
12

Sacramento Kings ^
2006–07 through 2017–18
12

Dallas Mavericks
1990–91 through 1999–2000
10

Utah Jazz
1974–75 through 1982–83
9

Washington Wizards
1988–89 through 1995–96
8

Memphis Grizzlies
1995–96 through 2002–03
8

Denver Nuggets
1995–96 through 2002–03
8

Atlanta Hawks
1999–2000 through 2006–07
8

Phoenix Suns ^
2010–11 through 2017–18
8

New York Knicks
1959–60 through 1965–66
7

Oklahoma City Thunder
1967–68 through 1973–74
7

Milwaukee Bucks
1991–92 through 1997–98
7

Philadelphia 76ers
1991–92 through 1997–98
7

Cleveland Cavaliers
1998–99 through 2004–05
7

Portland Trail Blazers
1970–71 through 1975–76
6

Detroit Pistons
1977–78 through 1982–83
2009–10 through 2014–15
6

Boston Celtics
1995–96 through 2000–01
6

Chicago Bulls
1998–99 through 2003–04
6

Orlando Magic ^
2012–13 through 2017–18
6

Houston Rockets
1969–70 through 1973–74
5

Indiana Pacers
1981–82 through 1985–86
5

Brooklyn Nets
1986–87 through 1990–91 &
2007–08 through 2011–12
5

Charlotte Hornets
2004–05 through 2008–09
5

Toronto Raptors
2008–09 through 2012–13
5

Los Angeles Lakers ^
2013–14 through 2017–18
5

Miami Heat
1988–89 through 1990–91
3

New Orleans Pelicans
2004–05 through 2006–07
2011–12 through 2013–14
3

San Antonio Spurs
1983–84
1986–87
1988–89
1996–97
1

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season series wins
Seasons

Los Angeles Clippers
1976–77 through 2004–05
29

Washington Wizards
1982–83 through 2003–04
22

Sacramento Kings
1981–82 through 1999–2000
19

Indiana Pacers
1976–77 through 1992–93
17

Brooklyn Nets
1984–85 through 2000–01
17

Milwaukee Bucks ^
2001–02 through 2017–18
17

New York Knicks
1953–54 through 1967–68
15

Cleveland Cavaliers
1976–77 through 1990–91
15

Golden State Warriors
1991–92 through 2005–06
15

Memphis Grizzlies
1995–96 through 2009–10
15

Minnesota Timberwolves
1989–90 through 2002–03
14

Denver Nuggets
1994–95 through 2007–08
14

Toronto Raptors
2001–02 through 2014–15
14

Charlotte Hornets ^
2004–05 through 2017–18
14

Detroit Pistons
1962–63 through 1974–75
13

Portland Trail Blazers
2000–01 through 2012–13
13

Dallas Mavericks
1988–89 through 1999–2000
12

Orlando Magic
1996–97 through 2006–07
11

Houston Rockets
1997–98 through 2007–08
11

Utah Jazz
1974–75 through 1982–83
9

Boston Celtics
1992–93 through 2000–01
9

Atlanta Hawks
1999–2000 through 2007–08
9

New Orleans Pelicans
2008–09 through 2016–17
9

Philadelphia 76ers
1968–69 through 1975–76 &
2003–04 through 2010–11
8

Miami Heat
1988–89 through 1995–96
8

Chicago Bulls
1998–99 through 2005–06
8

Phoenix Suns
2010–11 through 2017–18
8

Oklahoma City Thunder
1967–68 through 1973–74
7

San Antonio Spurs
1983–84 through 1988–89
6

Los Angeles Lakers ^
2012–13 through 2017–18
6

text: Longest NBA Playoffs appearance droughts[edit]

text:
^
Denotes active drought

text:
Streak
Team
NBA Playoffs
appearance droughts
Reference

7001150000000000000♠15 seasons
Los Angeles Clippers[a]
1977–1991
[18]

7001130000000000000♠13 seasons
Minnesota TimberwolvesMinnesota Timberwolves
2005–2017
[26]

7001120000000000000♠12 seasons
Golden State Warriors
1995–2006
[33]

7001120000000000000♠12 seasons
Sacramento Kings ^
2007–2018
[5]

7001100000000000000♠10 seasons
Dallas Mavericks
1991–2000
[14]

7000900000000000000♠9 seasons
Utah Jazz[b]
1975–1983
[30]

7000900000000000000♠9 seasons
Golden State Warriors
1978–1986
[33]

7000900000000000000♠9 seasons
Sacramento Kings
1987–1995
[5]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Washington Bullets
1989–1996
[21]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Denver Nuggets
1996–2003
[9]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Memphis Grizzlies[c]
1996–2003
[16]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Los Angeles Clippers
1998–2005
[18]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Atlanta Hawks
2000–2007
[17]

7000800000000000000♠8 seasons
Phoenix Suns
2011–2018
[6]

text:
a Streak included Buffalo Braves 1977–78 seasons, and San Diego Clippers 1979–84 seasons.
b Streak included New Orleans Jazz 1975–79 seasons.
c Streak included Vancouver Grizzlies 1996–2001 seasons.

text: Longest Conference finals droughts[edit]

text:
^
Denotes active drought

†
Year the team joined the NBA

text:
Seasons
Team
NBA Conference Finals
appearance droughts
Subsequent appearance
in Conference Finals
Reference

48
Los Angeles Clippers ^ [a]
001971 †0– 2018
Active drought
[18]

44
Atlanta Hawks
1971 – 2014
2015
[17]

38
Golden State Warriors
1977 – 2014
2015
[33]

39
Washington Wizards ^[b]
1980 – 2018
Active drought
[21]

28
Charlotte Hornets ^ [c]
001989 †0– 2018
Active drought
[12]

25
New Jersey Nets [d]
001977 †0– 2001
2002
[11]

23
Denver Nuggets
1986 – 2008
2009
[9]

20
Toronto Raptors
01996 † – 2015
2016
[28]

20
Sacramento Kings [e]
1982 – 2001
2002
[5]

text:
a Streak includes seasons as Buffalo Braves and San Diego Clippers.
b Team last qualified for the Conference Finals as Washington Bullets.
c Franchise inactive for two seasons between 2002 and 2004.
d Current Brooklyn Nets; includes one season as New York Nets.
e Includes four seasons as Kansas City Kings.

text: Finals droughts[edit]

text: NBA Finals in which neither team had previously won a championship[edit]

text: In these instances, the matchup ensured that one team would win the first NBA championship in its history.

text:
0*0
Both Teams in 1st NBA Finals appearance

text:
Season
Won
Lost
Number of years till
drought ended

2006*
Miami Heat
Dallas Mavericks
5

1978
Washington Bullets
Seattle SuperSonics (OKC)
1

1971*
Milwaukee Bucks
Baltimore Bullets (WSH)
7

1957*
Boston Celtics
St. Louis Hawks (ATL)
1

1955
Syracuse Nationals (PHI)
Fort Wayne Pistons (DET)^
34

1951*
Rochester Royals (SAC)^
New York Knicks
19

1949*
Minneapolis Lakers (LAL)^
Washington Capitols†
defunct 2 years later

1947*
Philadelphia Warriors (GSW)
Chicago Stags†
defunct 3 years later

text:
^- Team had previously appeared in the National Basketball League finals before said league was merged for the NBA's formation.
†- Defunct franchise.
Abbreviation in parentheses – Current location of NBA franchise.

text: NBA Finals in which neither franchise had won a championship in 20-plus seasons[edit]

text: Teams that had never won the NBA championship are included, even if they were less than 20 seasons old at the time.

text:
Season
Won
Drought (seasons)
Lost
Drought (seasons)

2015
Golden State Warriors
39
Cleveland Cavaliers
44*

2006
Miami Heat
17*
Dallas Mavericks
25*

1999
San Antonio Spurs
22*
New York Knicks
25

1994
Houston Rockets
26*
New York Knicks
20

1978
Washington Bullets
16*
Seattle SuperSonics
10*

1971
Milwaukee Bucks
2*
Baltimore Bullets
9*

1957
Boston Celtics
10*
St. Louis Hawks
7*

1955
Syracuse Nationals
5*
Fort Wayne Pistons
6*

1951
Rochester Royals
2*
New York Knicks
4*

1949*
Minneapolis Lakers
0*
Washington Capitols
2*

1947
Philadelphia Warriors
0*
Chicago Stags
0*

text: Numbers marked with * indicates that the number is counted from either the franchise's first year in the NBA or the first year of the league (1946, then known as the BAA).

text: Teams awaiting their first NBA championship[edit]

text: This list includes teams within the current NBA that have never won an NBA championship—sorted by the number of seasons played in the NBA.

text:
Last team to leave list: Cleveland, 2016

Total seasons
(NBA)
Franchise
Last NBA Finals
appearance

7001500000000000000♠50 seasons
Phoenix Suns (1969–2018)
1993

7001480000000000000♠48 seasons
Los Angeles Clippers§ (1971–2018)
—

7001440000000000000♠44 seasons
Utah Jazz§ (1975–2018)
1998

7001420000000000000♠42 seasons
Denver Nuggets (1977–2018)
—

7001420000000000000♠42 seasons
Indiana Pacers‡ (1977–2018)
2000

7001420000000000000♠42 seasons
Brooklyn Nets§‡ (1977–2018)
2003

7001290000000000000♠29 seasons
Minnesota Timberwolves (1990–2018)
—

7001290000000000000♠29 seasons
Orlando Magic (1990–2018)
2009

7001280000000000000♠28 seasons
Charlotte Hornets† (1989–2002; 2005–2018)
—

7001230000000000000♠23 seasons
Toronto Raptors (1996–2018)
—

7001230000000000000♠23 seasons
Memphis Grizzlies§ (1996–2018)
—

7001160000000000000♠16 seasons
New Orleans Pelicans† (2003–2018)
—

text:
§ NBA teams that have relocated from their original city(s).
† NBA teams that have re-branded to/from their original concept.
‡ NBA teams that have won an ABA championship.

text: Cities awaiting first NBA championship[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Current NBA cities/regions only.

text:
Last city to leave list: Cleveland, 2016

City
Seasons waited
Conference Title(s)
NBA Team(s)

Phoenix
50
1976, 1993
Phoenix Suns (1969–present)

Atlanta
50
None
Atlanta Hawks (1969–present)

Denver
42
None
Denver Nuggets (1977–present)

Indianapolis
42
2000
Indiana Pacers (1977–present)

Salt Lake City
39
1997, 1998
Utah Jazz (1980–present)

Sacramento
33
None
Sacramento Kings (1986–present)

Orlando
29
1995, 2009
Orlando Magic (1990–present)

Charlotte
28
None
Charlotte Hornets (1989–2002; 2015–present)
Charlotte Bobcats (2005–2014)

Toronto
24
None
1 Toronto Huskies season (1947)
23 Toronto Raptors seasons (1996–present)

New Orleans
21
None
New Orleans Jazz (1974-1979)
New Orleans Hornets (2003–2013)
New Orleans Pelicans (2014–present)

Memphis
17
None
Memphis Grizzlies (2002–present)

Oklahoma City
12
2012
2 New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets seasons (2006–2007)
10 Oklahoma City Thunder seasons (2008–present)


document_title: Engineering education in India

question_text: number of aicte approved engineering colleges in india

text: Engineering education in India

text: History[edit]

text: The impulse for creation of centers of technical training came from the British Raj rulers of India. While Superintending Engineers were mostly recruited from Britain, lower grades e.g. Craftsmen, Artisans and sub-overseers who were recruited locally. The necessity to make them more efficient, led to the establishment of industrial schools attached to Indian Ordnance Factories and other engineering establishments.

text: The first engineering college was established in the Uttar Pradesh in 1847 for the training of Civil Engineers at Roorkee, Thomason College (which later become IIT Roorkee) which made use of the large workshops and public buildings there that were erected for the Upper Ganges Canal.

text: In pursuance of the Government policy, three Engineering Colleges were opened by about 1856 in the three Presidencies. In Bengal Presidency, a College called the Calcutta College of Civil Engineering (which later became Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur) was opened at the Writers' Building in November 1856. In Bombay Presidency, the Overseers' School at Pune eventually became the College of Engineering, Pune and was affiliated to the Bombay University in 1858. In the Madras Presidency, the industrial school attached to the Gun Carriage Factory became ultimately the College of Engineering, Guindy and affiliated to the Madras University (1858).

text: Indian Institutes of Technology[edit]

text: The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) has 23 centers located in Bhubaneswar, Bombay, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Mandi, Patna, Roorkee, Ropar, Dhanbad, Palakkad, Tirupati, Bhilai, Goa, Jammu, Dharwad and Varanasi. All IITs enjoy the status of the Institutes of National Importance and are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula. Many IITs are members of LAOTSE, an international network of universities in Europe and Asia. LAOTSE membership allows the IITs to exchange students and senior scholars with universities in other countries.

text: Admission to undergraduate B.Tech and integrated M.Tech programs are through JEE Advanced (the Joint Entrance Examination Advanced) in which around 150,000 students appear annually out of which only around 11,032[1] get selected. These 150,000 students are initially sorted out by the JEE Mains (Joint Entrance Examination Mains) which is conducted by the central board ( Delhi). Around 1.3 million students appear for this exam. Admission to most postgraduate courses in IITs is granted through various written entrance examinations: GATE (for M.Tech.), JAM (for M.Sc.) and CEED (for M.Des.). The admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different from the one applied in other educational institutions of India.

text: Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology[edit]

text: Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology (abbreviated as IIEST) are a group of academic institutions in India for research and education in engineering. These were originally proposed by the Government of India in 2007 to meet the increasing demand for technological and scientific workforce in the industrial and service sectors of India as well as the growing need for qualified personnel in research and development. It was decided that the institutes under the banner of IIEST were to be created by upgrading existing engineering colleges or universities under the various State governments of India through an act of the Parliament of India, instead of founding completely new institutes. After upgrading, these institutes would also be granted the status of "Institutes of National Importance (INI)".[2] The first institute to be upgraded to IIEST was Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, which was a university under the Government of West Bengal prior to the upgrade process.

text: Indian Institute of Information Technology[edit]

text: Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) are a group of four institutes of higher education in India, focused on information technology. They are established by the central government, centrally funded, and managed by the Ministry of Human Resource Development.

text:
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIIT Allahabad) (Dean Sayed Akif)
Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior (IIITM-G)
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur (IIITDM Jabalpur)
Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing Kancheepuram (IIITDM Kancheepuram)

text: National Institutes of Technology[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The National Institutes of Technology (NIT) are colleges of engineering and technology education in India. They have also been given the status of "Institutes of National Importance" by the Government of India. They were originally called Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs). In 2002, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, decided to upgrade, in phases, all the original 17 Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs) as National Institutes of Technology (NITs). There are currently 31 NITs, with the inception of 10 new NITs in the year 2010 and another in 2015.[3] The Government of India has introduced the National Institutes of Technology (NIT) Act 2010 to bring 30 such institutions within the ambit of the act and to provide them with complete autonomy in their functioning. The NITs are deliberately scattered throughout the country in line with the government norm of an NIT in every major state of India to promote regional development. The individual NITs, after the introduction of the NIT Act, have been functioning as autonomous technical universities and hence can draft their own curriculum and functioning policies.

text: The admission to undergraduate programs of all the NITs was done by the All India Engineering Entrance Examination popularly known as AIEEE. From the year 2013, AIEEE was replaced by JEE(Main)in which 40% weightage is given to the Higher Secondary results and 60% (as per new rules the weightage of marks in board has been changec and HS board percentage is not counted) weightage given to the JEE(Main) results. In addition to the NITs, a host of other well-known national level reputed institutes like DCE, NSIT, IIITs, PEC, Thapar University, DA-IICT, BIT Mesra accept students from the newly introduced examination. The examination is objective by nature and is conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education popularly known as the CBSE. More than fourteen lakh(1,400,000) applicants took part in 2013 for approximately 15500 seats in the B. Tech and B. Arch programmes available in all the NITs put together.

text: The Institution of Engineers (India)[edit]

text: AMIE was established in 1920 in Kolkata, West Bengal and is acclaimed to have pioneered non-formal education in Engineering. IEI (I) conducts an examination for its Associate Membership(AMIE). This examination is considered to be on par with B.E. / B.Tech.[4] when contemplated as an eligibility qualification to write competitive examinations like the Indian Civil Service, Indian Engineering Services, GATE, etc., and for employment in Government, public and private sectors in India. This qualification is recognised by Ministry of HRD, Government of India as equivalent to B.E./ B.Tech.

text: There are 2 sections, namely Section A and Section B, who passed both of section he will be chartered engineer(CEng), chartered engineer(CEng) is considered as bachelor's degree in all National and International bodies.

text: Polytechnic Institutes[edit]

text: In India there are Institutions which offer three year diploma in engineering post Tenth class . These institutes have affiliation from state board of technical education of respective state governments. after which one can apply for post of junior engineer or continue higher studies by appearing for exams of AMIE to become an engineering graduate.

text:
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute of Technology
Calcutta Technical School , Kolkata
Jnan Chandra Ghosh Polytechnic , Kolkata
Sai Polytechnic College, Sri Sai University, Palampur Pathankot Amritsar
Pusa Polytechnic being one of the famous Polytechnic in India
Government Girls Polytechnic, Bilaspur
Government Polytechnic, Ambikapur
Government Polytechnic, Korba
Government Polytechnic, Mumbai
Government Polytechnic Lucknow
Government Polytechnic Nainital
Government Polytechnic Nilokheri
Government Polytechnic Barabanki
Government Polytechnic, Nagpur
Government Polytechnic, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir
Government Polytechnic Solapur
Kirodimal Govt. Polytechnic, Raigarh

text: AICTE approved institutes by state[edit]

text: List of AICTE approved institutes by state, for the academic year 2017-2018:[dubious – discuss]

text:
S.No
State/Union Territory
Number of Engineering Institutes[4]

1
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
1

2
Andhra Pradesh
825

3
Arunachal Pradesh
10

4
Assam
59

5
Bihar
124

6
Chandigarh
14

7
Chhattisgarh
124

8
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
3

9
Daman and Diu
2

10
Delhi
78

11
Goa
17

12
Gujarat
427

13
Haryana
416

14
Himachal Pradesh
64

15
Jammu & Kashmir
53

16
Jharkhand
73

17
Karnataka
756

18
Kerala
380

19
Madhya Pradesh
556

20
Maharashtra
1564

21
Manipur
4

22
Meghalaya
7

23
Mizoram
4

24
Nagaland
8

25
Orissa
303

26
Puducherry
29

27
Punjab
384

28
Rajasthan
402

29
Sikkim
5

30
Tamil Nadu
1339

31
Telangana
701

32
Tripura
13

33
Uttar Pradesh
1165

34
Uttarakhand
197

35
West Bengal
286

-
Total
10396

text: Corruption in Engineering Education[edit]

text: Some of the engineering colleges have been known for involving themselves in the illegal practice of capitation fee. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the regulatory body for technical education in India, has called "upon the students, parents and the general public not to pay any capitation fee or any other fee other than that mentioned in the Prospectus of the Institutions for consideration of admission.".[5] AICTE also mentions that the fee charged from students, has to be approved by the fee regulatory committee of the state, and the institute should mention the fee in its website.[6] As per AICTE norms, the educational institutions are not meant to charge a fee higher than what is mentioned in the prospectus. Educational regulatory agencies such as UGC [7] and regional level fee regulating bodies[8] has mandated that an institution should include the fee in the prospectus.


document_title: Anterior pituitary

question_text: anterior pituitary cell that produces lh and fsh

text: Anterior pituitary

text: Structure[edit]

text: The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland that sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica (Turkish chair/saddle). It is composed of three lobes: the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobes. In many animals, these lobes are distinct. However, in humans, the intermediate lobe is but a few cell layers thick and indistinct; as a result, it is often considered as part of the anterior pituitary. In all animals, the fleshy, glandular anterior pituitary is distinct from the neural composition of the posterior pituitary.

text: The anterior pituitary is composed of three regions:

text: Nota bene: The term "Basophil" and "Acidophil" is used by some books, whereas others prefer to not use these terms. This is due to the possible confusion with white blood cells, where one may also find Basophils and Acidophils.

text: Development[edit]

text: The anterior pituitary is derived from the ectoderm, more specifically from that of Rathke’s pouch, part of the developing hard palate in the embryo.

text: The pouch eventually loses its connection with the pharynx, giving rise to the anterior pituitary. The anterior wall of Rathke's pouch proliferates, filling most of the pouch to form the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis. The posterior wall of the anterior pituitary forms the pars intermedia. Its formation from the soft tissues of the upper palate contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates from neuroectoderm.[5]

text: Function[edit]

text: The anterior pituitary contains five types of endocrine cell, and  they  are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); Lactotropes (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH).[6] It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations.

text: Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones (Greek: trophe, “nourishment”)   and tropic hormones. Trophic hormones directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue it is stimulating. Tropic hormones are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous cascading physiological responses.[5]

text:
Hormone

Other names

Symbol(s)

Structure

Secretory cells

Staining

Target

Effect

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Corticotropin

ACTH

Polypeptide

Corticotrophs

Basophil

Adrenal gland

Secretion of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgens

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Thyrotropin

TSH

Glycoprotein

Thyrotrophs

Basophil

Thyroid gland

Secretion of thyroid hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone

-

FSH

Glycoprotein

Gonadotrophs

Basophil

Gonads

Growth of reproductive system

Luteinizing hormone

Lutropin

LH, ICSH

Glycoprotein

Gonadotrophs

Basophil

Gonads

Sex hormone production

Growth hormone

Somatotropin

GH, STH

Polypeptide

Somatotrophs

Acidophil

Liver, adipose tissue

Promotes growth; lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

Prolactin

Lactotropin

PRL

Polypeptide

Lactotrophs

Acidophil

Ovaries, mammary glands, testes, prostate

Secretion of estrogens/progesterone; milk production; spermatogenesis; prostate hyperplasia

TSH and ACTH secretion

text: Role in the endocrine system[edit]

text: Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus project axons to the median eminence, at the base of the brain. At this site, these cells can release substances into small blood vessels that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels).

text: Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary’s function. GABA can either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) and can stimulate the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Prostaglandins are now known to inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and also to stimulate TSH, GH and LH release.[9] GABA, through action with the hypothalamus, has been shown experimentally to influence the level of GH secretion. Clinical evidence supports the experimental findings of the excitatory and inhibitory effects GABA has on GH secretion, dependent on GABA’s site of action within the hypothalamic-pituitary unit.[10]

text: Effects of the anterior pituitary[edit]

text: The homeostatic maintenance of the anterior pituitary is crucial to our physiological well being. Increased plasma levels of TSH induce hyperthermia through a mechanism involving increased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilation. Increased levels of LH also result in hypothermia but through a decreased metabolism action. ACTH increase metabolism and induce cutaneous vasoconstriction, increased plasma levels also result in hyperthermia and  prolactin decreases with decreasing temperature values. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also may cause hypothermia if increased beyond homeostatic levels through an increased metabolic mechanism only.[11]

text: Gonadotropes, primarily luteinising hormone (LH) secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates the ovulation cycle in female mammals, whilst in the males, LH stimulates the synthesis of androgen which drives the ongoing will to mate together with a constant production of sperm.[5]

text: Main article Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

text: The anterior pituitary plays a role in stress response. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH release in a cascading effect that ends with the production of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.[5]

text: Behavioral effects[edit]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Increased activity[edit]

text: Hyperpituitarism is the condition where the pituitary secretes excessive amounts of hormones. This hypersecretion often results in the formation of a pituitary adenoma (tumour), which are benign apart from a tiny fraction. There are mainly three types of anterior pituitary tumors and their associated disorders. For example, acromegaly results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) often being released by a pituitary adenoma. This disorder can cause disfigurement and possibly death[19] and can lead to gigantism, a hormone disorder shown in “giants” such as André the Giant, where it occurs before the epiphyseal plates in bones close in puberty.[12] The most common type of pituitary tumour is a prolactinoma which hypersecretes prolactin.[20] A third type of pituitary adenoma secretes excess ACTH, which in turn, causes an excess of cortisol to be secreted and is the cause of Cushing's disease.[12]

text: Decreased activity[edit]

text: Hypopituitarism is characterized by a decreased secretion of hormones released by the anterior pituitary. For example, hypo-secretion of GH prior to puberty can be a cause of dwarfism. In addition,  secondary adrenal insufficiency can be caused by hypo-secretion of ACTH which, in turn, does not signal the adrenal cortex to produce a sufficient amount  of cortisol.  This is a life-threatening condition. Hypopituitarism could be caused by the destruction or removal of the anterior pituitary tissue through traumatic brain injury, tumor, tuberculosis, or syphilis, among other causes. This disorder used to be referred to as Simmonds' disease but now according to the Diseases Database it is called Sheehan syndrome.[21] If the hypopituitarism is caused by the blood loss associated with childbirth, the disorder is referred to as Sheehan syndrome.

text: History[edit]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The anterior pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis, meaning "glandular undergrowth", from the Greek adeno- ("gland"), hypo ("under"), and physis ("growth").

text: Additional images[edit]

text: The anterior pituitary is the anterior, glandular lobe of the pituitary gland.