document_title: 2003 NBA draft

question_text: who was drafted second in the 2003 nba draft

text: 2003 NBA draft

text: Draft selections[edit]

text:
PG
Point guard
SG
Shooting guard
SF
Small forward
PF
Power forward
C
Center

text:
^
Denotes player who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

*
Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game and All-NBA Team

+
Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-Star Game

x
Denotes player who has been selected for at least one All-NBA Team

#
Denotes player who never played in the NBA regular season or playoffs

~
Denotes player who has been selected as Rookie of the Year

text:
Round
Pick
Player
Position
Nationality[n 1]
Team
School/Club Team

1
1
, LeBron JamesLeBron James *~
SF
 United States
Cleveland Cavaliers
St. Vincent–St. Mary HS (Akron, Ohio)

1
2
Miličić, DarkoDarko Miličić
C
 Serbia and Montenegro
Detroit Pistons (from Memphis)[8]
Hemofarm Vršac (Serbia and Montenegro)

1
3
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony*
SF
 United States
Denver Nuggets
Syracuse (Fr.)

1
4
Bosh, ChrisChris Bosh*
PF/C
 United States
Toronto Raptors
Georgia Tech (Fr.)

1
5
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade*
SG
 United States
Miami Heat
Marquette (Jr.)

1
6
Kaman, ChrisChris Kaman+
C
 United States
 Germanya[›]
Los Angeles Clippers
Central Michigan (Jr.)

1
7
Hinrich, KirkKirk Hinrich
PG
 United States
Chicago Bulls
Kansas (Sr.)

1
8
Ford, T. J.T. J. Ford
PG
 United States
Milwaukee Bucks (from Atlanta)[9]
Texas (So.)

1
9
Sweetney, MichaelMichael Sweetney
PF
 United States
New York Knicks
Georgetown (Jr.)

1
10
Hayes, JarvisJarvis Hayes
F/G
 United States
 Qatar
Washington Wizards
Georgia (Jr.)

1
11
Piétrus, MickaëlMickaël Piétrus
G/F
 France
Golden State Warriors
Pau-Orthez (France)

1
12
Collison, NickNick Collison
PF
 United States
Seattle SuperSonics
Kansas (Sr.)

1
13
Banks, MarcusMarcus Banks
PG
 United States
Memphis Grizzlies (from Houston,[10] traded to Boston)[11]
UNLV (Sr)

1
14
Ridnour, LukeLuke Ridnour
PG
 United States
Seattle SuperSonics (from Milwaukee)[12]
Oregon (Jr)

1
15
Gaines, ReeceReece Gaines
F/G
 United States
Orlando Magic
Louisville (Sr)

1
16
Bell, TroyTroy Bell
PG
 United States
Boston Celtics (traded to Memphis)[11]
Boston College (Sr)

1
17
Čabarkapa, ŽarkoŽarko Čabarkapa
SF
 Serbia and Montenegro
Phoenix Suns
Budućnost Podgorica (Serbia and Montenegro and Adriatic League)

1
18
West, DavidDavid West+
PF
 United States
New Orleans Hornets
Xavier (Sr)

1
19
Pavlović, SashaSasha Pavlović
F/G
 Serbia and Montenegro
Utah Jazz
Budućnost Podgorica (Serbia and Montenegro and Adriatic League)

1
20
Jones, DahntayDahntay Jones
SG
 United States
Boston Celtics (from Philadelphia,[13] traded to Memphis)[11]
Duke (Sr)

1
21
Diaw, BorisBoris Diaw
PF
 France
Atlanta Hawks (from Indiana)[14]
Pau-Orthez (France)

1
22
Planinić, ZoranZoran Planinić
G/F
 Croatia
New Jersey Nets
Cibona Zagreb (Croatia and Adriatic League)

1
23
Outlaw, TravisTravis Outlaw
SF
 United States
Portland Trail Blazers
Starkville HS (Starkville, Mississippi)

1
24
Cook, BrianBrian Cook
PF
 United States
Los Angeles Lakers
Illinois (Sr)

1
25
Delfino, CarlosCarlos Delfino
SG
 Argentina
Detroit Pistons
Skipper Bologna (Italy)

1
26
Ebi, NdudiNdudi Ebi
SF
 United Kingdom
 Nigeria
Minnesota Timberwolves
Westbury Christian HS (Houston, Texas)

1
27
Perkins, KendrickKendrick Perkins
C
 United States
Memphis Grizzlies (from Sacramento via Orlando,[15] traded to Boston)[11]
Ozen HS (Beaumont, Texas)

1
28
Barbosa, LeandroLeandro Barbosa
SG
 Brazil
San Antonio Spurs (traded to Phoenix)[16]
Bauru Tilibra (Brazil)

1
29
Howard, JoshJosh Howard+
F/G
 United States
Dallas Mavericks
Wake Forest (Sr)

2
30
Lampe, MaciejMaciej Lampe
PF
 Poland
New York Knicks (from Denver)[17]
Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)

2
31
Kapono, JasonJason Kapono
F/G
 United States
Cleveland Cavaliers
UCLA (Sr)

2
32
Walton, LukeLuke Walton
SF
 United States
Los Angeles Lakers (from Toronto)[18]
Arizona (Sr)

2
33
Beasley, JeromeJerome Beasley
PF
 United States
Miami Heat
North Dakota (Sr)

2
34
Schortsanitis, SofoklisSofoklis Schortsanitis#
C
 Greece
Los Angeles Clippers
Iraklis BC (Greece)

2
35
Szewczyk, SzymonSzymon Szewczyk#
PF
 Poland
Milwaukee Bucks (from Memphis)[19]
Braunschweig (Germany)

2
36
Austin, MarioMario Austin#
PF
 United States
Chicago Bulls
Mississippi State (Jr)

2
37
Hansen, TravisTravis Hansen
SG
 United States
Atlanta Hawks
BYU (Sr)

2
38
Blake, SteveSteve Blake
PG
 United States
Washington Wizards
Maryland (Sr)

2
39
Vraneš, SlavkoSlavko Vraneš
C
 Serbia and Montenegro
New York Knicks
Budućnost Podgorica (Serbia and Montenegro and Adriatic League)

2
40
Zimmerman, DerrickDerrick Zimmerman
PG
 United States
Golden State Warriors
Mississippi State (Sr)

2
41
Green, WillieWillie Green
SG
 United States
Seattle SuperSonics (traded to Philadelphia)[20]
Detroit (Sr)

2
42
Pachulia, ZazaZaza Pachulia
PF
 Georgia
Orlando Magic
Ülkerspor (Turkey)

2
43
Bogans, KeithKeith Bogans
SG
 United States
Milwaukee Bucks (traded to Orlando)[21]
Kentucky (Sr)

2
44
Badiane, MalickMalick Badiane#
PF
 Senegal
Houston Rockets
Langen (Germany)

2
45
Bonner, MattMatt Bonner
F
 United States
Chicago Bulls (from Phoenix,[22] traded to Toronto)[23]
Florida (Sr)

2
46
Bečirović, SaniSani Bečirović#
SG
 Slovenia
Denver Nuggets (from Boston)[24]
Virtus Bologna (Italy)

2
47
Williams, MoMo Williams+
PG
 United States
Utah Jazz
Alabama (So)

2
48
Lang, JamesJames Lang
C
 United States
New Orleans Hornets
Central Park Christian HS (Birmingham, Alabama)

2
49
Jones, JamesJames Jones
SF
 United States
Indiana Pacers
Miami (Florida) (Sr)

2
50
Morlende, PaccelisPaccelis Morlende#
PG
 France
Philadelphia 76ers (traded to Seattle)[20]
Dijon (France)

2
51
Korver, KyleKyle Korver+
SG
 United States
New Jersey Nets (traded to Philadelphia)[25]
Creighton (Sr)

2
52
van de Hare, RemonRemon van de Hare
C
 Netherlands
Toronto Raptors (from Los Angeles Lakers)[18]
FC Barcelona (Spain)

2
53
Smith, TommyTommy Smith#
PF
 United States
Chicago Bulls (from Detroit via Miami)[26]
Arizona State (Sr)

2
54
Sinanović, NedžadNedžad Sinanović#
C
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Portland Trail Blazers
Brotnjo (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2
55
Rickert, RickRick Rickert#
PF
 United States
Minnesota Timberwolves
Minnesota (So)

2
56
Hunter, BrandonBrandon Hunter
PF
 United States
Boston Celtics (from Sacramento)[27]
Ohio (Sr)

2
57
Yuyang, XueXue Yuyang#
C
 China
Dallas Mavericks (traded to Denver)[28]
Hong Kong Flying Dragons (China)

2
58
Glyniadakis, AndreasAndreas Glyniadakis
C
 Greece
Detroit Pistons (from San Antonio)[29]
AEK (Greece)

text: Jump up ^ Nationality indicates the player's national team or representative nationality. If a player has not competed at the international level, then the nationality indicates the national team which the player is eligible to represent according to FIBA rules.

text: ^ a: Chris Kaman was born in the United States, but also has German citizenship through his great-grandparents and competes internationally for Germany.[30]

text: Notable undrafted players[edit]

text: These players were not selected in the 2003 NBA draft, but have played at least one game in the NBA.

text:
Player
Position
Nationality
School/club team

Barron, EarlEarl Barron
C
 United States
Memphis (Sr.)

Calderón, JoséJosé Calderón
PG
 Spain
Tau Cerámica (Spain)

Carroll, MattMatt Carroll
SG
 United States
Notre Dame (Sr.)

Daniels, MarquisMarquis Daniels
SG
 United States
Auburn (Sr.)

Dupree, RonaldRonald Dupree
SF
 United States
LSU (Sr.)

Johnsen, BrittonBritton Johnsen
SF/PF
 United States
Utah (Sr.)

Penney, KirkKirk Penney
SG/SF
 New Zealand
Wisconsin (Sr.)

Powell, JoshJosh Powell
PF
 United States
NC State (So.)

Powell, KasibKasib Powell
SF
 United States
Texas Tech (Sr.)

Ross, QuintonQuinton Ross
SG
 United States
SMU (Sr.)

Singleton, JamesJames Singleton
SF/PF
 United States
Murray State (Sr.)

text: Draft Lottery[edit]

text: Incomplete

text:
^
Denotes the actual lottery result

text:
Team
2002–03
record
Lottery
Lottery probabilities

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th

Cleveland Cavaliers
17-65
225
.225^
.215
.178
.357
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Denver Nuggets
17–65
225
.225
.188
.171^
.319
.123
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Toronto Raptors
24–58
157
.157
.157
.156
.226^
.265
.040
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Miami Heat
25–57
120
.120
.126
.133
.099
.350^
.161
.013
—
—
—
—
—
—

Los Angeles Clippers
28–54
89
.089
.097
.107
—
.261
.360^
.084
.004
—
—
—
—
—

Memphis Grizzlies
28–54
64
.064
.071^
.081
—
—
.440
.304
.040
.001
—
—
—
—

Chicago Bulls
30–52
44
.044
.049
.058
—
—
—
.599^
.232
.018
.000
—
—
—

Atlanta Hawks
35–47
29
.029
.022
.027
—
—
—
—
.724^
.197
.011
.000
—
—

New York Knicks
37-45
15
.015
.022
.027
—
—
—
—
—
.784^
.143
.005
.000
—

Washington Wizards
37-45
14
.014
.021
.025
—
—
—
—
—
—
.846^
.087
.002
.000

Golden State Warriors
38–44
7
.007
.009
.012
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.907^
.063
.001

Seattle SuperSonics
40–42
6
.006
.008
.010
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.935^
.039

Houston Rockets
43–39
5
.005
.007
.009
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.960^


document_title: Ease of doing business ranking of states of India

question_text: ease of doing business rajasthan rank in india

root

text: Ranking of states within India[edit]

text:
State or union territory
2017 ranking
2016 ranking[11]

Haryana
90.79%
40.66% (14/32)

West Bengal
90.79%
46.90% (11/32)

Jharkhand
90.79%
63.09 (3/32)

Karnataka
90.79%
48.50% (9/32)

Gujarat

71.14% (1/32)

Telangana

70.12% (2/32)

Andhra Pradesh

70.12% (2/32)

Odisha

52.12% (7/32)

Chhattisgarh

62.45% (4/32)

Chandigarh

Puducherry

Goa

21.74% (19/32)

Delhi

Punjab

36.73% (16/32)

Daman and Diu

Tamil Nadu

44.58% (12/32)

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Kerala

22.87% (18/32)

Maharashtra

49.43% (8/32)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Rajasthan

61.05% (6/32)

Lakshadweep

Nagaland

3.41% (31/32)

Uttarakhand

Arunachal Pradesh

1.23% (32/32)

Madhya Pradesh

62.00% (5/32)

Himachal Pradesh

23.95% (17/32)

Mizoram

Manipur

6.37% (28/32)

Jammu and Kashmir

5.93% (29/32)

Uttar Pradesh

47.37% (10/32)

Meghalaya

4.38% (30/32)

Sikkim

7.23% (27/32)

Assam

14.84% (22/32)

Tripura

09.29% (26/32)

Bihar

16.41% (21/32)

tag: table


document_title: Helter Skelter (song)

question_text: who yelled i've got blisters on my fingers

question_tokens: who yelled i 've got blisters on my fingers

text: Helter Skelter (song)

text: Writing and inspiration[edit]

text: McCartney was inspired to write the song after reading a 1967 Guitar Player magazine interview with the Who's Pete Townshend where he described their latest single, "I Can See for Miles", as the loudest, rawest, dirtiest song the Who had ever recorded. McCartney then "wrote 'Helter Skelter' to be the most raucous vocal, the loudest drums, et cetera" and said he was "using the symbol of a helter skelter as a ride from the top to the bottom; the rise and fall of the Roman Empire – and this was the fall, the demise."[5] In British English, a helter skelter is an amusement park attraction which features a tall spiral slide winding round a tower.[9] McCartney has cited this song as a response to critics who accuse him of writing only ballads.[10]

tag: p

text: On 20 November 1968, two days before the release of The Beatles, McCartney gave Radio Luxembourg an exclusive interview, in which he commented on several of the album's songs. Speaking of "Helter Skelter", he said: "Umm, that came about just 'cause I'd read a review of a record which said, 'and this group really got us wild, there's echo on everything, they're screaming their heads off.' And I just remember thinking, 'Oh, it'd be great to do one. Pity they've done it. Must be great – really screaming record.' And then I heard their record and it was quite straight, and it was very sort of sophisticated. It wasn't rough and screaming and tape echo at all. So I thought, 'Oh well, we'll do one like that, then.' And I had this song called 'Helter Skelter,' which is just a ridiculous song. So we did it like that, 'cuz I like noise."[11]

text: Recording[edit]

text: The song was recorded many times during sessions for The Beatles. During the 18 July 1968 sessions, the Beatles recorded a version of the song lasting 27 minutes and 11 seconds,[12] although this version is rather slow and hypnotic, differing greatly from the volume and rawness of the album version.[13] Another recording from the same day, originally 12 minutes long, was edited down to 4:37 for Anthology 3. On 9 September, 18 takes of approximately five minutes each were recorded, and the last one is featured on the original LP.[12] After the 18th take, Ringo Starr flung his drum sticks across the studio[14] and screamed, "I got blisters on my fingers!"[5][12] Starr's shout was included on the stereo mix of the song. At around 3:40, the song almost fades out, then quickly fades back in with three cymbal crashes and Ringo's scream (some sources erroneously credit the "blisters" line to Lennon; in fact, Lennon can be heard asking "How's that?" before Ringo's outburst).[15] The mono version (originally on LP only) ends on the first fadeout without Starr's outburst. The mono version was not initially available in the US as mono albums had already been phased out there. The mono version was later released in the American version of the Rarities album. In 2009, it was made available on the CD mono re-issue of The Beatles as part of the Beatles in Mono CD box set.

text: According to Chris Thomas, who was present,[12] the 9 September session was especially spirited: "While Paul was doing his vocal, George Harrison had set fire to an ashtray and was running around the studio with it above his head, doing an Arthur Brown."[12] Starr's recollection is less detailed, but agrees in spirit: "'Helter Skelter' was a track we did in total madness and hysterics in the studio. Sometimes you just had to shake out the jams."[10]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Among music critics commenting on "Helter Skelter", Richie Unterberger of AllMusic views it as "one of [the] fiercest and most brutal rockers done by anyone" and "extraordinary".[16] Writing for MusicHound in 1999, Guitar World editor Christopher Scapelliti identified the track as one of three "fascinating standouts" on the White Album.[17] While admiring the diversity of McCartney's songwriting on the album, Mark Richardson of Pitchfork cites "Helter Skelter" as one of "the roughest, rawest tunes in his Beatles oeuvre".[18]

text: Ian MacDonald was highly critical of the song, however, calling it "ridiculous, McCartney shrieking weedily against a massively tape-echoed backdrop of out-of-tune thrashing".[19] Rob Sheffield was also unimpressed, writing in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) that, following the double album's release on CD, "now you can program 'Sexy Sadie' and 'Long, Long, Long' without having to lift the needle to skip over 'Helter Skelter.'"[20] Alan W. Pollack said the song will "scare and unsettle" listeners, citing "Helter Skelter"'s "obsessive nature" and "undercurrent of violence", and noted McCartney's "savage vocal delivery" as reinforcing this theme.[21]

text: In a 1980 interview, Lennon said, "That's Paul completely ... It has nothing to do with anything, and least of all to do with me."[6]

text: In March 2005, Q magazine ranked "Helter Skelter" number 5 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks.

text: Charles Manson[edit]

text: Charles Manson told his followers that several White Album songs including "Helter Skelter" were a part of the Beatles' coded prophecy of an apocalyptic war in which racist and non-racist whites would be manoeuvred into virtually exterminating each other over the treatment of blacks.[22][23][24] Upon the war's conclusion, after black militants would kill off the few whites they would know to have survived, Manson and his companions would emerge from an underground city in which they would have escaped the conflict. As the only remaining whites, they would rule blacks, who, as the vision went, would be incapable of running America. Manson employed "helter skelter" as the term for this sequence of events.

text: Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi, who led the prosecution of Manson and four of his followers who acted on Manson's instruction in the Tate-LaBianca murders, named his best-selling book about the murders Helter Skelter.[22] The book was the basis for two television movies of the same title.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
In 1975, Aerosmith recorded a cover of "Helter Skelter", but it was not released until 1991, on the Pandora's Box compilation.[25] The cover charted at #21 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.
in 1978, Siouxsie and the Banshees released one of the first covers of the song on their debut album The Scream
in 1981, Pat Benatar included a cover of the song on her album Precious Time.
In 1983, the Bobs released an a cappella version on their eponymous album.[26] It earned them a 1984 Grammy nomination for Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices.[27]
In 1983, a remake this song was also featured on the Mötley Crüe album Shout at the Devil.
In 1988, a U2 recording was used as the opening track on the Rattle and Hum album. The song was recorded live at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on 8 November 1987.[28] Introducing the song, Bono controversially said, "This is a song Charles Manson stole from the Beatles. We’re stealing it back."[29]
In 1989, Vow Wow recorded "Helter Skelter", released it as a single and named their album after the song.
In 2007, Oasis recorded a cover of "Helter Skelter", originally as a B-side to the single release of "Who Feels Love?" They also performed the song on their world tour promoting their fourth album Standing on the Shoulder of Giants in the early 2000s; one live version was recorded for their 2001 live album Familiar to Millions.
In 2007, Dana Fuchs performs the song in Across the Universe.
In 2007, Beatallica recorded a parody called "Helvester of Skelter", which also was a parody of the Metallica song "Harvester of Sorrow".

tag: ul

text: Paul McCartney live performances[edit]

text: Since 2004 McCartney has performed the song with his band on every tour, starting on 24 May 2004, while on the '04 Summer Tour, through The 'US' Tour (2005), the Summer Live '09 (2009), the Good Evening Europe Tour (2009), the Up and Coming Tour (2010/2011), the On the Run Tour (2011/2012) and the Out There Tour, which started on 4 May 2013. In the last tours, the song has been generally inserted on the third encore, which is the last time the band enters the stage. It is usually the last but one song, performed after "Yesterday" and before the final medley including "The End". Paul played the song on his One on One Tour at Fenway Park on 17 July, 2016 accompanied by the Grateful Dead's Bob Weir and New England Patriots football player Rob Gronkowski.

text: McCartney performed the song live at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2006 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. In 2009, McCartney performed the song live on top of the Ed Sullivan Theater during his appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman.

text: The version of the song from McCartney's live album Good Evening New York City, recorded during the Summer Live '09 tour, was nominated at the 53rd Grammy Awards in the category of Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance.[30] It won, becoming McCartney's first solo Grammy win since he won for arranging "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" in 1972.[31]

text: McCartney opened his set at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief with the song.[32]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Paul McCartney – lead vocal, electric guitar, bass, piano
John Lennon – backing vocal, six-string bass, electric guitar, sound effects (through brass instruments)
George Harrison – backing vocal, rhythm guitar, electric slide guitar, sound effects
Ringo Starr – drums, cowbell, vocal shout
Mal Evans – trumpet

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ McKinney, Devin (2003). Magic Circles: The Beatles in Dream and History. Harvard University Press. p. 231. ISBN 0-674-01202-X.
Jump up ^ Winn, John C (2009). That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970. Three Rivers Press. p. 210. ISBN 0-307-45239-5.
Jump up ^ Rowley, David (2013). All Together Now. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Athitakis, Mark (September–October 2013). "A Beatles Reflection". Humanities. National Endowment of the Humanities. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Miles 1997, pp. 487–488.
^ Jump up to: a b Sheff 2000, p. 200.
Jump up ^ Erlewine 2007.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Beatles Songs". 19 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Jump up ^ AskOxford 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b The Beatles 2000, p. 311.
Jump up ^ Beatles Interview Database 1968.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lewisohn 1988, p. 154.
Jump up ^ Marck 2008.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 794.
Jump up ^ Brown 2007.
Jump up ^ Allmusic 2007.
Jump up ^ Graff & Durchholz 1999, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Richardson, Mark (10 September 2009). "The Beatles: The Beatles". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 298.
Jump up ^ Brackett & Hoard, p. 53.
^ Jump up to: a b Pollack 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b Bugliosi 1997, pp. 240–247.
Jump up ^ Linder 2007a.
Jump up ^ Linder 2007b.
Jump up ^ "Pandora's Box - Aerosmith". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Bobs - The Bobs". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ 1984 Grammy award nomination, Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices, Richard Greene, Gunnar Madsen - Helter Skelter (The Bobs) LA Times, "The Envelope" awards database, accessed 2010 Jan 13.
Jump up ^ "U2 - Helter Skelter". U2songs.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bono Bites Back". Mother Jones Magazine. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Final Nominations List, 53rd Grammy Awards Archived 14 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine., National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 10 February 2011.
Jump up ^ [1][permanent dead link] Yahoo! Entertainment Story - Reuters. Retrieved on 13 February 2011.[dead link]
Jump up ^ '12-12-12': Paul McCartney fronts Nirvana 'reunion' and more highlights from Sandy benefit concert Archived 14 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

tag: ol


document_title: Mezuzah

question_text: where does a mezuzah go on a door

question_tokens: where does a mezuzah go on a door

text: Mezuzah

text: Karaite and Samaritan mezuzah[edit]

text: This article deals mainly with the mezuzah as it is used in Rabbinic Judaism. Karaite Judaism and Samaritanism have their own distinct traditions.

text: In Karaite Judaism the deuteronomic verse "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your houses and your gates" (Deuteronomy 5:9; 11:20) is interpreted to be a metaphor and not as referring to the Rabbanite mezuzah.[3] Thus Karaites do not traditionally use mezuzot, but put up a little plaque in the shape of the two Tables of the Law with the Ten Commandments. In Israel, where they might try not to make other Jews feel uncomfortable, many Karaites make an exception and place a mezuzah on their doorpost as well.[4][5] The Karaite version of the mezuzah is fixed to the doorways of public buildings and sometimes to private buildings, too.[5]

text: The Samaritans interpret the deuteronomic commandment to mean displaying any select text from the Samaritan version of the five Books of Moses.[6] This can contain a blessing or a particularly holy or uplifting message.[7] In the past they placed a stone plaque inscribed with the Ten Commandments above the house door, some examples dating back to the Byzantine (4th-7th century) and Early Muslim (7th-11th century) periods being now shown in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.[5][8][9] Nowadays a Samaritan mezuzah is usually made of either marble, a wooden plate, or a sheet of parchment or high quality paper, on which they inscribe select verses from the Samaritan Torah. This they place either above the house door, or inside the house, in the entrance hall or at a prominent place on a large wall.[6][7][10] These mezuzot are found in every Samaritan household as well as in the synagogue.[10] Today some Samaritans would also use a Jewish-style mezuzah case and place inside it a small written Samaritan scroll,[6] i.e. a text from the Samaritan Torah, written in the Samaritan alphabet. The more such mezuzot there are in the house, the better it is considered to be.[7]

text: Affixing the mezuzah[edit]

text: According to halakha, the mezuzah should be placed on the right side of the door or doorpost, in the upper third of the doorpost (i.e., approximately shoulder height),[11] within approximately 3 inches (8 cm) of the doorway opening.[citation needed] Care should be taken to not tear or damage the parchment or the wording on it, as this will invalidate the mezuzah, which is considered Torah. Generally, halakha requires that mezuzot be affixed within 30 days of moving into a rented house or apartment. This applies to Jews living in the Diaspora (i.e., outside of the Land of Israel). For a purchased home or apartment in the Diaspora, or a residence in Israel (owned or rented), the mezuzah is affixed immediately upon moving in. The reason for this difference is that there is an assumption that when a Jew lives in Israel, Israel shall remain his/her permanent residence, whereas a home in the diaspora is temporary. Mezuzot are very special objects and must be taken care of carefully and according to Jewish laws and traditions.

text: Where the doorway is wide enough, many Ashkenazi Jews tilt the mezuzah so that the top slants toward the room into which the door opens. This is done to accommodate the variant opinions of Rashi and of his grandson, Rabbeinu Tam, as to whether it should be placed vertically (Rashi) or horizontally (Rabbeinu Tam),[12] and also to imply that God and the Torah (which the mezuzah symbolizes) are entering the room. The compromise solution has been suggested by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher.[12]

text: Most Sephardic, Mizrahi and other non-Ashkenazi Jews affix the mezuzah vertically,[13] though Spanish and Portuguese Jews living in countries where the majority of Jews are Ashkenazim usually place it slanting.

text: The procedure is to hold the mezuzah against the spot upon which it will be affixed, then recite a blessing:

text: Any Jew can recite the blessing provided he or she is old enough to understand the significance of the mitzvah. After the blessing, the mezuzah is attached. Many people also touch a finger to the mezuzah as a way of showing respect to God in a simpler fashion than saying the prayer whenever they pass through the door.

text: When affixing several mezuzot, it is sufficient to recite the blessing once, before affixing the first one.

text: Checking the parchment[edit]

text: Many observant Jews from all Jewish denominations have a qualified scribe check the mezuzot parchments for defects (such as small tears or faded lettering) at least twice every seven years.[14][15] This job can be done by a sofer (scribe) or by anyone with similar training. A sofer also can make new mezuzot parchments which are in accordance with Jewish Law.

text: Mezuzah cases[edit]

text: The commandment to affix a mezuzah is widely followed in the Jewish world, even by Jews who are not religiously observant. While the important part of the mezuzah is the klaf, or the parchment, and not the case itself, designing and producing mezuzah cases has been elevated to an art form over the ages. Mezuzah cases are produced from a wide variety of materials, from silver and precious metals, to wood, stone, ceramics, pewter, and even polymer clay. Some dealers of mezuzah cases will provide or offer for sale a copy of the text that has been photocopied onto paper; this is not a Kosher (valid) mezuzah,[16] which must be handwritten onto a piece of parchment by a qualified scribe.

text: Additional inscriptions[edit]

text: It is very customary to write two inscriptions on the back of the parchment:

text:
the Hebrew word שדי (Shaddai)
the phrase "כוזו במוכסז כוזו"

text: Shaddai, ["Almighty"] one of the biblical names of God, also serves here as an acronym for Shomer Daltot Yisrael, "Guardian of Israel's doors". Many mezuzah cases are also marked with the Hebrew letter ש (Shin), for Shaddai.

text: "כוזו במוכסז כוזו" is a Caesar cipher — a one letter shift — of the third, fourth, and fifth words of the Shema, "Adonai, Eloheinu, Adonai", "The Lord, our God, the Lord"; it is written on the back of the case, opposite the corresponding words on the front.[17] This inscription dates from the 11th century and is found among the Hasidei Ashkenaz (medieval German Jewish mystics).

text: According to the Sephardic custom (minhag), the phrase "כוזו במוכסז כוזו" is prohibited, and only the Hebrew word שדי (Shaddai) is to be written on the back of the mezuzah. This practice is supported by the Shulchan Aruch and the writings of the Rambam. The Ashkenazi custom of writing both phrases, however, was supported in the writings of the Remo. (Yoreh De'ah 288:15)

text: In this regard it is worthwhile to refer to the often cited passage from Rambam’s Mishneh Torah which states:

text: It is a common custom to write [God's name,] Shaddai, on the outside of a mezuzah opposite the empty space left between the two passages. There is no difficulty in this, since [the addition is made] outside. Those, however, who write the names of angels, other sacred names, verses, or forms, on the inside [of a mezuzah] are among those who do not have a portion in the world to come. Not only do these fools nullify the mitzvah, but furthermore, they make from a great mitzvah [which reflects] the unity of the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, the love of Him, and the service of Him, a talisman for their own benefit. They, in their foolish conception, think that this will help them regarding the vanities of the world.[18]

text: Amuletic usage of mezuzah[edit]

text: The culture-comparative analysis suggests that the objects placed on domestic thresholds often bear the function of an amulet repelling the broadly understood evil.[19] In fact, the early Rabbinic sources explicitly witness the belief in the anti-demonic function of mezuzah. This is the case in e.g. JT Megillah 4:12; BT Bava Metziya 102a; BT Pesahim 113b.[20] The further analysis of the biblical and rabbinic texts (inter alia Deuteronomy 6, 11, Exodus 12, Mekhilta de-rabbi Ishmael 7,12 and BT Menahot 33b, 43b) shows that mezuzah is construed as a device protecting against the divine anger.[21]

text: Interestingly, the belief in the protective power of mezuzah is prevalent in the modern times as well. In the 1970s after a series of terrorist attacks in Ma'alot the representatives of Chabad-Lubavitch started the campaign for the systematic checking of mezuzahs. The more general assumption underlying the action was that adhering to the mitzvot would guarantee personal safety.[22] Similar steps have been undertaken by an organization Bi-zkhut rabbi Shimeon which collects the testimonies of those who have personally experienced the extraordinary power of the mezuzah. Some statements speak about the direct dependence between the damaged biblical text and the essence of the encountered calamity. For instance:

text: A woman suffered from deep depression. An examination of her mezuzahs revealed that in the word “your soul” there was a letter split in two.[23]

text: Finally, according to various pieces of sociological research, approximately three-quarter of adults in Israel believe that the mezuzah literally guards their houses.[24]

text: Legal battles in the U.S.[edit]

text: The Jewish practice of affixing a mezuzah to the entranceway of a residential unit[25] has been rarely challenged in the United States or Canada,[26] and until recently there was no case law precedent on the subject.

text: Illinois[edit]

text: In Chicago in 2001, the condominium association at the 378-unit Shoreline Towers adopted a rule banning "mats, boots, shoes, carts or objects of any sort… outside unit entrance doors",[27] which by board vote in 2004 was interpreted to be absolute.[28] Relying on the Association rule, Shoreline Towers management removed the hallway mezuzot of condominium tenants, resulting in letters from Jewish groups which unsuccessfully protested the rule. Complaints by Shoreline Towers tenants were subsequently filed with the Chicago Commission on Human Relations, Illinois Attorney General, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, alleging housing discrimination on the basis of religion[29] and seeking damages. Meanwhile, a newspaper report indicated that Shoreline Towers was not the sole condominium association in Chicago with such a restriction, although one of them soon agreed to modify its rule.[30]

text: On reading a news report of the mezuzah dispute at Shoreline Towers, Chicago alderman Burton Natarus, like other Jewish observers of the development,[31] was upset by the ban. He drafted an amendment to the city’s Municipal Code which made it illegal for a renter or owner of an apartment, house, or condo to be prohibited from "placing or affixing a religious sign, symbol or relic on the door, door post or entrance."[32] Although there was opposition to such a move,[33] it became law in Chicago that December.[34] The first such legislation in North America, it included a maximum $500 fine for its violation.

text: Notwithstanding this legislation, court action continued concerning separate complaints against Shoreline Towers for its rule affecting mezuzot. In 2006, a federal court judge determined that the condominium association’s rule did not violate the Federal Fair Housing Act;[35] the district court upheld the opinion on appeal in 2008;[36] in 2009, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit in Chicago reversed the 2008 decision,[37] and the case proceeded. Meanwhile, during the dispute, records of the Chicago Jewish Star (which had been reporting on the case) were unsuccessfully subpoenaed,[38] and for the first time Illinois’ anti-SLAPP legislation was applied.[39] In 2011, a confidential settlement to the Shoreline Towers disputes was finally achieved.[40]

text: In 2006, a more narrowly focused amendment to the state’s Condominium Property Act was initiated by Illinois Senator Ira Silverstein, the first such state law.[41]

text: Florida[edit]

text: In 2006, a woman in a 16-story condo building in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, was instructed to remove the mezuzah from her hallway unit and threatened with a fine. After a lengthy legal battle, the condo association was found guilty of discrimination. In 2008, House Bill 995, an amendment to the Florida Condominium Act modeled on the Illinois state legislation, became law.[42]

text: Texas[edit]

text: In Texas in 2007, a couple living in the Madison Park area of Houston was instructed to "remove the item attached to your door frame" to avoid violating association rules.[43] A legal battle ensued, during which a U.S. District Court judge ruled in 2008 on behalf of the condo association. Subsequently the couple turned to Texas House of Representatives member Garnet F. Coleman. His bill to protect such religious displays, as introduced in 2009, was not adopted, but in June 2011 a slightly revised version (HB1278) was signed into law by Texas Governor Rick Perry.[44]

text: Nationwide[edit]

text: A bill designed to prevent mezuzah bans nationwide was proposed in 2008 by U.S. Congressman Jerrold Nadler (H.R. 6932). It never became law.[45]