document_title: The X Factor (UK series 14)

question_text: where is x factor filmed 2017 live shows

text: The X Factor (UK series 14)

text: Judges and presenters

text: In December 2016, Louis Walsh confirmed he would continue to judge the series through 2018, stating he had signed through "the next two years".[6] That same month, both Sharon Osbourne and Nicole Scherzinger cast doubt on their return, with Osbourne citing her dual-work on The Talk, and Scherzinger stating: "I can't confirm that I'm going to [be back] but I think if I did return it would have to be with this panel because I'm really close with this panel. [...] I've really enjoyed myself and we're really close."[7][8] On 13 April 2017, Cowell announced his intentions to retain the same judging panel for the fourteenth series.[9] In June 2017, it was announced that the judging panel would remain the same as the previous series.[2]

text: Dermot O'Leary will return for his tenth series as presenter. On 23 June 2017, it was announced that Britain's Got Talent judge Alesha Dixon would appear as a guest judge for the first day of Manchester auditions, due to Scherzinger having a "previous diary commitment".[10] Five days later, on 28 June, it was announced that Dixon would once again appear as a guest judge, this time for Osbourne, who was unavailable due to a long-standing back injury.[11] Cowell arrived late to 4 July 2017, auditions in London, due to an illness.[12] On 29 October 2017, Dixon reappeared as a guest judge on the Sunday live show, this time filling in for Cowell, who was absent recovering from an injury during the weekend.

text: Selection process

text: On 4 July, it was reported that there will be major changes to the show this year. Auditions are taking place in Thorpe Park, bootcamp will take place in front of an audience and there will be six weeks of live shows instead of the usual ten. Additionally, acts will be sent home on both Saturday and Sunday, as "tedious" Saturday nights received lower viewing figures than Sunday.[13]

text: Auditions

text: The minimum age to audition this year was 14 after being reduced down from 16 the previous year.[14] Contestants needed a "yes" from at least three of the four judges to progress to Bootcamp.

text: Mobile auditions

text: The mobile auditions began on 11 May 2017, in Belfast and concluded on 23 May 2017, in Yeovil.[citation needed]

text:
Summary of mobile auditions

Location
Date(s)
Venue

Belfast
11 May 2017
Victoria Square Shopping Centre

Bangor
12 May 2017
Deninol Shopping Centre

Southampton
13 May 2017
West Quay Shopping Centre

Douglas
14 May 2017
The Strand Shopping Centre

Swansea
Bambuu Nightclub

Blackpool
16 May 2017
Houndshill Shopping Centre

Bournemouth
Obscura Cafe

Bristol
Cabot Circus

Carlisle
17 May 2017
The Lanes Shopping Centre

Brighton
Churchill Square Shopping Centre

Truro
The Boat

Newport
19 May 2017
Quay Arts Centre

Wigan
The Grand Arcade Shopping Centre

Plymouth
Plymouth Pavilions

Margate
20 May 2017
Westwood Cross

21 May 2017

Stoke on Trent
22 May 2017
Victoria Hall

Exeter
Princesshay Centre

Thurrock
23 May 2017
Lakeside Shopping Centre

Yeovil
Quedam Centre

text: Judges' auditions

text: The auditions began on 20 June 2017, in Liverpool and concluded on 10 July 2017, in Surrey.[citation needed]

text:
Summary of judges' auditions

City
Date(s)
Venue
Changes to judging line-up

Liverpool
20–21 June 2017
Titanic Hotel
N/A

Manchester
24 June 2017
Old Trafford Cricket Ground
Alesha Dixon (in lieu of Nicole Scherzinger)

25 June 2017
N/A

Edinburgh
28 June 2017
Assembly Rooms
Alesha Dixon (in lieu of Sharon Osbourne)

London
4–6 July 2017
Tobacco Dock
N/A

Surrey
9–10 July 2017
Thorpe Park

text: Bootcamp

text: Bootcamp was filmed live at The SSE Arena, Wembley in front of a studio audience.[15] Following the filming of bootcamp and prior to the filming of the six-chair challenge, the judges' categories were revealed. Cowell was given the Groups, Scherzinger was given the Over 28s, Osbourne was given the Girls and Walsh was given the Boys.[16] There are three different stages to Bootcamp.

text: Six-chair challenge

text: The six-chair challenge took place over the course of two days, from 26 to 28 July 2017, at The SSE Arena, Wembley.[17] Unlike previous years, where all four judges sat together, each judge was secluded on their own while their respective category performed. The three remaining judges sat together and gave their own critiques of the performance, before allowing the category's judge to make the final decision.[16][18] It was broadcast over three episodes; Osbourne choosing in the first, Cowell and Scherzinger choosing in the second, with later portions of her decisions shown, alongside Walsh's, in the third.[19]

text: Judges' houses

text: The judges' categories were announced in July 2017,[16] with additional details of the judges' houses announced in October 2017.[20][21][22] Anthony Russell withdrew after the pre-recorded sections of the show and was replaced by Sam Black who was knocked out of the competition at the Bootcamp stage. Sam Black will be in Walsh's Boys category.[23] In a statement, Walsh stated, "Anthony has been fantastic across the series, a great singer and performer who we are really sad to see go. I had to think for a long time who could take the place. Sam had a great reaction from the British public when his Audition aired. So I re-watched it and realised we missed a trick not putting him through at Boot Camp. He has that retro 60s style viewers will love. He's really likeable and talented and I can't wait to hear more."[24] At the end of judges' houses, it was announced that the public could vote for a wildcard from each category bringing the total amount of contestants for the live shows to 16.[25]

text:
Summary of judges' houses

Judge
Category
Location
Assistants
Contestants eliminated
Wildcards

Cowell
Groups
Southern France
Cheryl
Lemonade, New Girl Band
Jack and Joel

Osbourne
Girls
San Francisco
Jack and Kelly Osbourne
Deanna Mussington, Georgina Panton
Alisah Bonaobra

Scherzinger
Over 28s
South Africa
Stormzy
Slavko Kalezić, Berget Lewis
Talia Dean

Walsh
Boys
Istanbul
Mika
Aidan Martin, Jack Mason
Leon Mallett

text: Finalists

text: Key:

text:
Category (mentor)
Acts

Boys (Walsh)
Sam Black
Lloyd Macey
Leon Mallett
Spencer Sutherland

Girls (Osbourne)
Alisah Bonaobra
Grace Davies
Holly Tandy
Rai-Elle Williams

Over 28s (Scherzinger)
Talia Dean
Tracyleanne Jefford
Matt Linnen
Kevin Davy White

Groups (Cowell)
The Cutkelvins
Jack and Joel
Rak-Su
Sean and Conor Price

text: Live shows

text: The finalists for the live shows were announced during the episode broadcast on 22 October 2017. However, at the end of the episode, it was announced by Dermot O'Leary that there would be a wildcard vote for each category. The winners of the wildcard vote were revealed on 28 October at the start of the first live show.[26]

text: For the first time since series six, a major overhaul of the set layout was made as live shows debuted in a new filming location, LH2 Studios in London. Numerous other changes were introduced for this series' live shows. This included contestant and musical guest performances on both Saturday and Sunday shows, and the removal of the sing-offs, deadlocks and judges' votes on the Sunday show. Each show, two of the categories would sing and immediately after the performances, the public vote would open for a short amount of time. At the end of each show, the contestant with the fewest votes is automatically eliminated from the competition. In addition, the contestant with the highest votes for that night would also be announced.[27] The two acts who won their respective public vote would then sing against each other in a new element of the show called the prize fight. After another public vote, the winner of the prize fight would win a special weekly prize.[28] For the first time ever the live final will broadcast from the Excel Centre, London and not Wembley Arena as part of the show's drastic changes this series.[29]

text: Musical guests

text: Liam Payne performed on the first live show, while Stormzy performed on the second live show.[30] Tokio Myers performed on the third live show, while Rita Ora performed on the fourth.[31] Harry Styles performed on the fifth live show and Paloma Faith performed on the sixth.[32] Matt Terry performed on the seventh live show and Fergie performed on the eighth.[33] James Arthur performed on the first semi final and Ed Sheeran performed on the second.[34] PrettyMuch[35] and Louis Tomlinson[36] performed on Saturday's final, while P!NK, Sam Smith,[37] CNCO and Little Mix[38] performed during the Sunday final.

text: Results summary

text:
–
Contestant received the fewest public votes and was immediately eliminated

     –
Contestant received the most public votes

text:
Weekly results per contestant[39]

Contestant
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6

Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday
Saturday
Sunday

Rak-Su
N/A
1st
22.2%
1st
32.3%
N/A
2nd
25.7%
N/A
1st
36.7%
N/A
1st
26.1%
1st
27.3%
1st
41.7%
Winner
51.7%1

Grace Davies
1st
21.9%
N/A
N/A
2nd
18.5%
N/A
2nd
20.1%
N/A
1st
26.1%
4th
17.2%
2nd
26.0%
2nd
35.4%
Runner-up
40.1%1

Kevin Davy White
N/A
4th
11.1%
N/A
1st
21.9%
1st
25.8%
N/A
N/A
3rd
21.4%
2nd
19.5%
3rd
18.9%
3rd
22.9%
Eliminated
(week 6)

Lloyd Macey
3rd
15.0%
N/A
3rd
14.4%
N/A
N/A
1st
26.4%
2nd
22.8%
N/A
3rd
19.2%
4th
18.2%
Eliminated
(week 5)

The Cutkelvins
N/A
2nd
17.3%
2nd
15.1%
N/A
4th
13.5%
N/A
3rd
18.9%
N/A
5th
10.1%
5th
9.6%
Eliminated
(week 5)

Matt Linnen
N/A
3rd
11.9%
N/A
5th
13.6%
3rd
14.1%
N/A
N/A
2nd
22.5%
6th
7.9%
Eliminated
(week 5)

Holly Tandy
2nd
15.9%
N/A
N/A
3rd
15.4%
N/A
3rd
19.7%
N/A
4th
16.1%
Eliminated
(week 4)

Rai-Elle Williams
5th
11.5%
N/A
N/A
4th
14.3%
N/A
4th
14.4%
N/A
5th
13.9%
Eliminated
(week 4)

Sean and Conor Price
N/A
5th
10.6%
5th
10.6%
N/A
5th
11.2%
N/A
4th
15.4%
Eliminated
(week 4)

Sam Black
7th
8.5%
N/A
4th
12.5%
N/A
N/A
5th
11.1%
5th
6.2%
Eliminated
(week 4)

Alisah Bonaobra
4th
11.8%
N/A
N/A
6th
9.5%
N/A
6th
8.3%
Eliminated
(week 3)

Jack and Joel
N/A
7th
9.2%
6th
8.6%
N/A
6th
9.7%
Eliminated
(week 3)

Tracyleanne Jefford
N/A
6th
10.3%
N/A
7th
6.8%
Eliminated
(week 2)

Leon Mallett
6th
9.3%
N/A
7th
6.5%
Eliminated
(week 2)

Talia Dean
N/A
8th
7.4%
Eliminated
(week 1)

Spencer Sutherland
8th
6.1%
Eliminated
(week 1)

Prize fight
Winner
Grace Davies
53.5% to win
Kevin Davy White
53.6% to win
Lloyd Macey
64.3% to win
Rak-Su
61.5% to win
No prize fight

Runner-up
Rak-Su
46.5% to win
Rak-Su
46.4% to win
Kevin Davy White
35.7% to win
Grace Davies
38.5% to win

Eliminated
Spencer Sutherland
6.1%
to save
Talia Dean
7.4%
to save
Leon Mallett
6.5%
to save
Tracyleanne Jefford
6.8%
to save
Jack and Joel
9.7%
to save
Alisah Bonaobra
8.3%
to save
Sam Black
6.2%
to save
Rai-Elle Williams
13.9%
to save
Matt Linnen
7.9%
to save
The Cutkelvins
9.6%
to save
Kevin Davy White
22.9%
to win
Grace Davies
40.1%
to win

Sean and Conor Price
15.4%
to save
Holly Tandy
16.1%
to save
Lloyd Macey
18.2%
to save

Reference(s)
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]

text: ^1 The voting percentages in week 6 for Sunday do not add up to 100%, owing to the freezing of votes. Kevin Davy White received 8.2% of the final vote.[39]

text: Live show details

text: Week 1 (28/29 October)

text:
Theme: "Express Yourself"[52]
Prize: Trip to New York, meet and greet with Pink at Madison Square Garden[28]
Musical guests:

Saturday: Liam Payne ("Bedroom Floor")
Sunday: Stormzy & Labrinth (“Blinded by Your Grace, Pt. 2”)

text: The wildcards were revealed at the start of Saturday's show.[53]

text: Cowell missed the Saturday and Sunday show, due to recovery from falling down the stairs the morning before.[54] Alesha Dixon filled in as a guest judge on Sunday.[55]

text:
Contestants' performances on the first and second live shows

28 October

Act
Order
Song[52]
Result

Rai-Elle Williams
1
"Doo Wop (That Thing)" / "Lost Ones" / "No"
Safe

Spencer Sutherland
2
"Who You Are"
Eliminated

Holly Tandy
3
"Hollow"
Safe

Leon Mallett
4
"Stay"
Safe

Alisah Bonaobra
5
"This Is My Now”
Safe

Sam Black
6
"Faith"
Safe

Grace Davies
7
"Too Young" (original song)
Won public vote

Lloyd Macey
8
"City of Stars"
Safe

29 October

The Cutkelvins
1
"What About Us"
Safe

Kevin Davy White
2
"Stay"
Safe

Talia Dean
3
“What Makes You Beautiful”
Eliminated

Jack and Joel
4
“New Rules”
Safe

Matt Linnen
5
"Scars to Your Beautiful"
Safe

Sean and Conor Price
6
"Strong"
Safe

Tracyleanne Jefford
7
"Written in the Water"
Safe

Rak-Su
8
"Mamacita" (original song)
Won public vote

Prize fight details

Grace Davies
1
“Too Young”
Winner

Rak-Su
2
"Mamacita"
Runners-up

text: Week 2 (4/5 November)

text:
Theme: "Viva Latino"[56]
Prize: Recording session with a Grammy awarded producer
Musical guests:

Saturday: Tokio Myers ("Angel")
Sunday: Rita Ora ("Anywhere")

text:
Contestants' performances on the third and fourth live shows

4 November

Act
Order
Song[56]
Result

Jack and Joel
1
"Havana"/"Hasta el Amanecer"
Safe

Leon Mallett
2
"Get Lucky"
Eliminated

Sean and Conor Price
3
"Cheap Thrills"
Safe

Lloyd Macey
4
"Hero"
Safe

The Cutkelvins
5
"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)"
Safe

Rak-Su
6
"Dimelo" (original song)
Won public vote

Sam Black
7
"La Bamba"/"Twist and Shout"
Safe

5 November

Grace Davies
1
"Ciao Adios"
Safe

Tracyleanne Jefford
2
"Ain't Your Mama"
Eliminated

Rai-Elle Williams
3
"Bailando"
Safe

Holly Tandy
4
"Despacito"
Safe

Kevin Davy White
5
"Smooth"
Won public vote

Alisah Bonaobra
6
"Let's Get Loud"
Safe

Matt Linnen
7
"Livin' la Vida Loca"
Safe

Prize fight details

Rak-Su
1
"Dimelo"
Runners-up

Kevin Davy White
2
"Smooth"
Winner

text: Week 3 (11/12 November)

text:
Theme: "George Michael"[57]
Prize: Open for Little Mix at Manchester Arena on 21 November 2017
Musical guests:[32]

Saturday: Harry Styles ("Kiwi")
Sunday: Paloma Faith ("Guilty")

text:
Contestants' performances on the fifth and sixth live shows

11 November

Act
Order
Song[57]
Result

Rak-Su
1
"Faith"
Safe

Matt Linnen
2
"Careless Whisper"
Safe

Jack and Joel
3
"The Edge of Heaven"
Eliminated

The Cutkelvins
4
"Killer/ Papa Was a Rollin' Stone"
Safe

Sean and Conor Price
5
"Freedom! '90"
Safe

Kevin Davy White
6
"Fastlove, Pt. 1"
Won public vote

12 November

Alisah Bonaobra
1
"Praying for Time"
Eliminated

Sam Black
2
"I'm Your Man"
Safe

Grace Davies
3
"I Can’t Make You Love Me"
Safe

Rai-Elle Williams
4
"They Won't Go When I Go"
Safe

Lloyd Macey
5
"A Different Corner"
Won public vote

Holly Tandy
6
"One More Try"
Safe

Prize fight details

Kevin Davy White
1
"Fastlove, Pt. 1"
Runner-up

Lloyd Macey
2
"A Different Corner"
Winner

text: Week 4 (18/19 November)

text:
Theme: "Crazy in Love"[58]
Prize: Record own song with Ali Tamposi
Musical guests:[33]

Saturday: Matt Terry ("The Thing About Love")
Sunday: Fergie ("Save It Til Morning")

text:
Contestants' performances on the seventh and eighth live shows

18 November

Act
Order
Song[58]
Result

Sam Black
1
"Oops"
Eliminated

Sean and Conor Price
2
"Issues"
Eliminated

The Cutkelvins
3
"Saved Me From Myself" (original song)
Safe

Lloyd Macey
4
"From This Moment On"
Safe

Rak-Su
5
"Mona Lisa" (original song)
Won public vote

19 November

Rai-Elle Williams
1
"Mr. Big Stuff"
Eliminated

Kevin Davy White
2
"I Will Always Love You"
Safe

Matt Linnen
3
"Fallin'"
Safe

Holly Tandy
4
"Love Me Harder"
Eliminated

Grace Davies
5
"Hesitate" (original song)
Won public vote

Prize fight details

Rak-Su
1
"Mona Lisa"
Winner

Grace Davies
2
"Hesitate"
Runner-up

text: Week 5: Semi-final (25/26 November)

text: O'Leary confirmed that there wouldn't be a Prize fight from this week onwards and all the categories would perform on the same night for first time this series.[59]

text:
Theme: "Cool Britannia”;[60]
Musical guest: James Arthur ("Naked")[34]

text:
Contestants' performances on the ninth live show

Act
Order
Song
Result

The Cutkelvins
1
"Nothing Like You" (original song)
Safe

Matt Linnen
2
"Gimme Shelter"
Eliminated

Grace Davies
3
"Life on Mars?"
Safe

Rak-Su
4
"Flowers"
Safe

Lloyd Macey
5
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me"
Safe

Kevin Davy White
6
"Come Together"
Safe

text:
Theme: “Get Me to the Final"[61]
Musical guest: Ed Sheeran ("Perfect")[34]

text:
Contestants' performances on the tenth live show

Act
Order
Song
Result

Lloyd Macey
1
"Fix You"
Eliminated

Rak-Su
2
"I'm Feeling You" (original song)
Safe

The Cutkelvins
3
"Show Me Love"
Eliminated

Kevin Davy White
4
"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"
Safe

Grace Davies
5
"Wolves" (original song)
Safe

text: Week 6: Final (2/3 December)

text: It was revealed on 2 December that the winners' single this year would be the contestants' duet.[62]

text:
Theme: "No theme";[63] "Celebrity duets/Winner's single"[62]
Musical guests: Pete Tong & Heritage Orchestra featuring Becky Hill ("Sing It Back"/ "You've Got the Love") (with Grace Davies, Rak-Su & Kevin Davy White),[64] PrettyMuch ("No More")[35] and Louis Tomlinson ("Miss You")[36]

text:
Contestants' performances on the eleventh live show

Act
Order
First song[63]
Order
Second song[62]
Result

Kevin Davy White
1
"Whole Lotta Love"
4
"Fastlove, Pt. 1" (with Tokio Myers)
Eliminated

Grace Davies
2
"Live and Let Die"
5
"Roots" (Original song) (with Paloma Faith)
Safe

Rak-Su
3
"Mamacita" (Original song)
6
"Dimelo" (Original song) (with Naughty Boy & Wyclef Jean)
Safe

text: Kevin Davy White received the fewest public votes and was automatically eliminated.[50]

text:
Theme: "Song to win", "Song of the Series"[65]
Musical guests: Little Mix & CNCO ("Power"/"Reggaetón Lento (Remix)")[38], Pink ("Beautiful Trauma"/"What About Us"), and Sam Smith ("One Last Song")[37]

text:
Contestants' performances on the final live show

Act
Order
First song[65]
Order
Second song[65]
Result

Grace Davies
1
"Nothing But Words" (Original song)
3
"Too Young" (Original song)
Runner-up

Rak-Su
2
"Touché" (Original song)
4
"Mona Lisa" (Original song)
Winner

text: Winner's single

text: All proceeds from the winner's single are in aid of children’s hospice charities, Together for Short Lives and Shooting Star Chase. Simco Limited will donate 100% of its profits from the sale of each download and in respect of all audio streaming of the single, and the Chancellor has also agreed to donate the VAT, in each case to be shared equally by the charities. This donation will be at least 20p plus VAT for each download sold in the UK. FremantleMedia, ITV and all performers featuring on the single have also agreed to forgo any master royalties due to them in connection with downloads and all audio streaming of the single.[62]

text: Reception

text: Ratings

text:
Episode
Air date
Official rating
(millions)[66],1
Official rating
(millions inc. HD)[66],2
Official rating
(millions inc. HD & +1)[66],3
Weekly rank[66],4

Auditions 1
000000002017-09-02-00002 September
5.76
7.38
7.92
5

Auditions 2
000000002017-09-03-00003 September
5.73
7.46
8.04
4

Auditions 3
000000002017-09-09-00009 September
5.15
6.60
7.23
11

Auditions 4
000000002017-09-10-000010 September
5.52
7.10
7.57
6

Auditions 5
000000002017-09-16-000016 September
5.78
7.57
7.87
7

Auditions 6
000000002017-09-17-000017 September
5.40
7.07
7.50
10

Auditions 7
000000002017-09-23-000023 September
4.53
5.99
6.48
16

Auditions 8
000000002017-09-24-000024 September
5.42
7.09
7.39
8

Bootcamp 1
000000002017-09-30-000030 September
4.92
6.41
6.83
11

Bootcamp 2
000000002017-10-01-00001 October
4.67
6.11
6.34
16

Bootcamp 3
000000002017-10-07-00007 October
4.58
5.83
6.18
16

Six-chair challenge 1
000000002017-10-08-00008 October
5.34
6.97
7.36
9

Six-chair challenge 2
000000002017-10-14-000014 October
5.10
6.67
7.05
9

Six-chair challenge 3
000000002017-10-15-000015 October
4.54
6.27
6.66
15

Judges' houses 1
000000002017-10-21-000021 October
5.29
6.95
7.25
7

Judges' houses 2
000000002017-10-22-000022 October
4.42
5.58
6.26
16

Live show 1
000000002017-10-28-000028 October
4.77
6.45
6.63
12

Live show 2
000000002017-10-29-000029 October
3.77
5.27
5.58
15

Live show 3
000000002017-11-04-00004 November
4.40
5.83
6.08
14

Live show 4
000000002017-11-05-00005 November
3.37
4.61
5.03
15

Live show 5
000000002017-11-11-000011 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live show 6
000000002017-11-12-000012 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live show 7
000000002017-11-18-000018 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live show 8
000000002017-11-19-000019 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live show 9
000000002017-11-25-000025 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live show 10
000000002017-11-26-000026 November
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live final 1
000000002017-12-02-00002 December
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA

Live final 2
000000002017-12-03-00003 December
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA


document_title: Institutes of the Christian Religion

question_text: who had a large influence and ministry in switzerland and wrote institutes of the christian religion

root

text: Institutes of the Christian Religion

text: Background[edit]

text: John Calvin was a student of law and then classics at the University of Paris. Around 1533 he became involved in religious controversies and converted to Protestantism, a new Christian reform movement which was persecuted by the Catholic Church in France, forcing him to go into hiding.[2] He moved to Basel, Switzerland, for safety in 1535, and around this time he must have begun writing a summary of theology which would become the Institutes.[3] His Catholic opponents sought to associate him and his associates (known as Huguenots in France) with radical Anabaptists, some of whom had been defeated after a long siege in the Münster Rebellion in June 1535. He decided to adapt the work he had been writing to the purpose of defending Protestants suffering from persecution from false accusations that they were espousing radical and heretical doctrines. The work, written in Latin, was published in Basel in March 1536 with a preface addressed to King Francis I of France, entreating him to give the Protestants a hearing rather than continue to persecute them.[4] It is six chapters long, covering the basics of Christian faith using the familiar catechetical structure of the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the sacraments, as well as a chapter on Christian liberty and political theology. Soon after publishing it, Calvin began his ministry in Geneva, Switzerland.[5]

tag: p

text: The Institutes proved instantly popular, with many asking for a revised edition. In 1539, Calvin published a much larger work, with seventeen chapters of about the same length as the six chapters of the first edition. It includes many references to classical authors and Church fathers, as well as many additional references to the Bible.[5] Calvin's epistle to the reader indicates that the new work is intended for theological students preparing for ministry.[6] Four chapters were added in a third edition in 1543, and a 1550 edition was published with only minor changes.[7] The fifth and final edition with which Calvin was involved, and which is used by scholars as the authoritative text, is 80% larger than the previous edition and was published in Geneva in 1559.[8]

text: Calvin's theology did not change substantially throughout his life, and so the Institutes did not undergo changes as far as its substance.[9]

text: Title[edit]

text: The Latin word "institutio", translated in the title as "institutes", may also be translated "instruction", as it was in titles of German translations of the work, and was commonly used in the titles of legal works as well as other summary works covering a large body of knowledge. The title of Desiderius Erasmus's Institutio principis Christiani (1516), which Calvin would have been familiar with, is usually translated The Education of a Christian Prince.[3] The form of the short title of the first edition of Calvin's work, published in 1536 is Christianae religionis institutio.[10] The full title of this edition may be translated The Institute of the Christian Religion, Containing almost the Whole Sum of Piety and Whatever It is Necessary to Know in the Doctrine of Salvation. A Work Very Well Worth Reading by All Persons Zealous for Piety, and Lately Published. A Preface to the Most Christian King of France, in Which this Book is Presented to Him as a Confession of Faith. Author, John Calvin, Of Noyon. Basel, MDXXXVI.[11] In the 1539 edition, the title is Institutio Christianae Religionis, possibly to emphasize the fact that this is a new, considerably expanded work. This is followed by "at length truly corresponding to its title", a play on the grandiosity of the title and an indication that the new work better lives up to the expectation created by such a title.[5]

text: Contents[edit]

text: Institutes in its first form was not merely an exposition of Reformation doctrine; it proved the inspiration to a new form of Christian life for many. It is indebted to Martin Luther in the treatment of faith and sacraments, to Martin Bucer in what is said of divine will and predestination, and to the later scholastics for teaching involving unsuspected implications of freedom in the relation of church and state.[12]

text: The book is prefaced by a letter to Francis I. As this letter shows, Institutes was composed, or at least completed, to meet a present necessity, to correct an aspersion on Calvin's fellow reformers. The French king, wishing to suppress the Reformation at home, yet unwilling to alienate the reforming princes of Germany, had sought to confound the teachings of the French reformers with the attacks of Anabaptists on civil authority. "My reasons for publishing the Institutes," Calvin wrote in 1557, "were first that I might vindicate from unjust affront my brethren whose death was precious in the sight of the Lord, and next that some sorrow and anxiety should move foreign people, since the same sufferings threaten many." "The hinges on which our controversy turns," says Calvin in his letter to the king, "are that the Church may exist without any apparent form" and that its marks are "pure preaching of the word of God and rightful administration of the sacraments."

text: Despite the dependence on earlier writers, Institutes was felt by many to be a new voice, and within a year there was demand for a second edition. This came in 1539, amplifying especially the treatment of the fall of man, of election, and of reprobation, as well as that of the authority of scripture. It showed also a more conciliatory temper toward Luther in the section on the Lord's Supper.[12]

text: The opening chapter of the Institutes is perhaps the best known, in which Calvin presents the basic plan of the book. There are two general subjects to be examined: the creator and his creatures. Above all, the book concerns the knowledge of God the Creator, but "as it is in the creation of man that the divine perfections are best displayed", there is also an examination of what can be known about humankind. After all, it is mankind's knowledge of God and of what He requires of his creatures that is the primary issue of concern for a book of theology. In the first chapter, these two issues are considered together to show what God has to do with mankind (and other creatures) and, especially, how knowing God is connected with human knowledge.

text: To pursue an explanation of the relationship between God and man, the edition of 1559, although Calvin claimed it to be "almost a new work", in fact completely recast the old Institutes into four sections and 80 chapters, on the basis of the Apostles' Creed,[12] a traditional structure of Christian instruction used in Western Christianity. First, the knowledge of God is considered as knowledge of the Father, the creator, provider, and sustainer. Next, it is examined how the Son reveals the Father, since only God is able to reveal God. The third section of the Institutes describes the work of the Holy Spirit, who raised Christ from the dead, and who comes from the Father and the Son to affect a union in the Church through faith in Jesus Christ, with God, forever. And finally, the fourth section speaks of the Christian church, and how it is to live out the truths of God and Scriptures, particularly through the sacraments. This section also describes the functions and ministries of the church, how civil government relates to religious matters, and includes a lengthy discussion of the deficiencies of the papacy.

text: Translations[edit]

text: There is some speculation that Calvin may have translated the first edition (1536) into French soon after its publication, but the earliest edition which has survived is Calvin's 1541 translation.[6] It was primarily intended for French-speaking Swiss, since very few copies were able to be smuggled into France. Some of these were publicly burned in front of Notre-Dame Cathedral soon after their publication.[7] Calvin published French editions of the Institutes in 1541, 1545, 1551, and 1560. They follow the expansion and development of the Latin editions, but they are not strictly translations, instead being adapted for use by a lay readership, though retaining the same doctrine.[13]

text: The French translations of Calvin's Institutes helped to shape the French language for generations, not unlike the influence of the King James Version for the English language.

text: The Institutes were translated into many other European languages. A Spanish translation by Francisco de Enzinas of the 1536 Latin text was published in 1540, before Calvin even published his first French edition. An Italian translation of Calvin's French text was made in 1557. Later translations were of the final 1559 Latin text: Dutch (1560), German (1572),[14] Spanish (1597), Czech (1617), Hungarian (1624),[15] and Japanese (1934).[16] Scholars speculate that the seventeenth-century orientalist Johann Heinrich Hottinger translated it into Arabic, but this has not been confirmed.[15]. A complete translation by HW Simpson of the 1559 Latin text into Afrikaans was published in four volumes between 1984 and 1992, following an earlier abridged translation by A Duvenhage in 1951.[17]

text: In English, five complete translations have been published – four from the Latin and one from the French. The first was made in Calvin's lifetime (1561) by Thomas Norton, the son-in-law of the English Reformer Thomas Cranmer. In the nineteenth century there were two translations, one by John Allen (1813) and one by Henry Beveridge (1845). The most recent from Latin is the 1960 edition, translated by Ford Lewis Battles and edited by John T. McNeill, currently considered the most authoritative edition by scholars. Calvin's first French edition (1541) has been translated by Elsie Anne McKee (2009). Due to the length of the Institutes, several abridged versions have been made. The most recent is by Tony Lane and Hilary Osborne; the text is their own alteration and abridgment of the Beveridge translation.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The Institutes overshadowed the earlier Protestant theologies such as Melanchthon's Loci Communes and Zwingli's Commentary on the True and False Religion. According to historian Philip Schaff, it is a classic of theology at the level of Origen's On First Principles, Augustine's The City of God, Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica, and Schleiermacher's The Christian Faith.[9]

text: List of editions[edit]

text: Latin[edit]

text:
Calvino, Ioanne (1536). Christianae religionis institutio, totam fere pietatis summam, & quicquid est in doctrina salutis cognitu necessarium: complectens: omnibus pietatis studiosis lectu dignissimum opus, ac recens editum: Praefatio ad Christianissimum regem Franciae, qua hic ei liber pro confessione fidei offertur (in Latin). Basel: Thomam Platteru & Balthasarem Lasium.
——— (1539). Institutio Christianae Religionis Nunc vere demum suo titulo respondens (in Latin) (2nd ed.). Strassburg: Wendelinum Rihelium.
——— (1543). Institutio Christianae Religionis Nunc vere demum suo titulo respondens (in Latin) (3rd ed.). Strassburg: Wendelinum Rihelium.
——— (1550). Institutio totius christianae religionis, nunc ex postrema authoris recognitione, quibusdam locis auctior, inﬁnitis vero castigatior. Joanne Calvino authore. Additi sunt indices duo locupletissimi (in Latin) (4th ed.). Genève: Jean Girard.
——— (1559). Institutio christianae religionis, in libros quatuor nunc primum digesta, certisque distincta capitibus, ad aptissimam methodum: aucta etiam tam magna accessione ut propemodum opus novum haberi possit (in Latin) (5th ed.). Genevae: Robert I. Estienne.

tag: ul

text: French[edit]

text:
Calvin, Jean (1541). Institution de la religion chrestienne: en laquelle est comprinse une somme de pieté, et quasi tout ce qui est necessaire a congnoistre en la doctrine de salut [Institution of the Christian Religion: in which is comprised a summary of piety, and almost all that is necessary to know in the doctrine of salvation] (in French). Genève: Michel Du Bois.
——— (1545). Institution de la religion chrestienne: composée en latin par Jehan Calvin, et translatée en francoys par luymesme: en laquelle est comprise une somme de toute la chrestienté [Institution of the Christian Religion: composed in Latin by John Calvin, and translated into French by himself: in which is comprised a summary of all Christianity] (in French). Genève: Jean Girard.
——— (1551). Institution de la religion chrestienne: composée en latin par Jean Calvin, et translatée en françoys par luymesme, et puis de nouveau reveuë et augmentée: en laquelle est comprinse une somme de toute la chrestienté [Institution of the Christian Religion: composed in Latin by John Calvin, and translated into French by himself, and again revised & augmented: in which is comprised a summary of all Christianity] (in French). Genève: Jean Girard.
——— (1553). Institution de la religion chrestienne: composée en latin par Jean Calvin, et translatée en françoys par luymesme, et encores de nouveau reveuë et augmentée: en laquelle est comprinse une somme de toute la chrestienté [Institution of the Christian Religion: composed in Latin by John Calvin, and translated into French by himself, and yet again revised & augmented: in which is comprised a summary of all Christianity] (in French). Genève: Jean Girard.
——— (1554). Institution de la religion chrestienne: composée en latin par Jean Calvin, et translatée en françoys par luymesme, et encores de nouveau reveuë et augmentée: en laquelle est comprinse une somme de toute la chrestienté [Institution of the Christian Religion: composed in Latin by John Calvin, and translated into French by himself, and again revised & augmented: in which is comprised a summary of all Christianity] (in French). Genève: Philbert Hamelin.
——— (1560). Institution de la religion chrestienne [Institution of the Christian Religion] (in French). Genève: Jean Crespin.

text: German[edit]

text:
Calvin, Iohann (1572) [1572]. Institutio Christianae Religionis, Das ist/Underweisung inn Christlicher Religion. Heydelberg: Johannes Meyer.
Unterricht in der christlichen Religion - Institutio Christianae Religionis, Institutes of the Christian Religion based on the last (1559) edition translated and edited by Otto Weber, edited and reissued by Matthias Freudenberg. 2nd edition, Neukirchener Verlag (publisher) located in Neukirchen-Vluyn, Germany, released in 2008. ISBN 978-3-7887-2327-9

text: Italian[edit]

text: Calvino, Giovanni (1557). Institutione della religion christiana di messer Giovanni Calvino, in volgare italiano tradotta per Giulio Cesare P [Institutes of the Christian Religion by master John Calvin, translated into vulgar Italian by Giulio Cesare P] (in Italian). Translated by Giulio Cesare Paschali. Genève: François Jaquy, Antoine Davodeau & Jacques Bourgeois.

text: Spanish[edit]

text: Institucion de la religion Cristiana, 1597, translation by Cipriano de Valera

text: Czech (Bohemian)[edit]

text: Zpráva a vysvětlení náboženství křesťanského, cca 1615, translation by Jiří Strejc

text: English[edit]

text:
Caluin, Iohn (1561) [1559]. The Institvtion of Christian Religion, vvrytten in Latine by maister Ihon Caluin, and translated into Englysh according to the authors last edition. Translated by Thomas Norton. London: Reinolde Vvolf & Richarde Harisson.
Calvin, John (1813). Institutes of the Christian Religion. 1. Translated by John Allen. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication.

——— (1813). Institutes of the Christian Religion. 2. Translated by John Allen. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication.

——— (1845). Institutes of the Christian Religion; a New Translation by Henry Beveridge. 1. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society.

——— (1845). Institutes of the Christian Religion; a New Translation by Henry Beveridge. 2. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society.
——— (1845). Institutes of the Christian Religion; a New Translation by Henry Beveridge. 3. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society.

——— (1960) [1559]. Institutes of the Christian Religion: in Two Volumes. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. ISBN 978-0-66422028-0.
——— (1959) [1536]. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles (1536 ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-80284167-4.
——— (2009) [1541]. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Elsie Anne McKee (1541 French ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-80280774-8.
——— (2014) [1541]. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Robert White (1541 French ed.). Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth. ISBN 9781848714632.

text: Afrikaans[edit]

text:
Calvyn, Johannes (1984) [1559]. Institusie van die Christelike Godsdiens. 1. Translated by HW Simpson (1559 Latin ed.). Potchefstroom: Calvyn Jubileum Boekefonds. ISBN 0 86990 746 8.

——— (1986) [1559]. Institusie van die Christelike Godsdiens. 2. Translated by HW Simpson (1559 Latin ed.). Potchefstroom: Calvyn Jubileum Boekefonds. ISBN 0-86990-860-X.
——— (1988) [1559]. Institusie van die Christelike Godsdiens. 3. Translated by HW Simpson (1559 Latin ed.). Potchefstroom: Calvyn Jubileum Boekefonds. ISBN 0 86955 064 0.
——— (1992) [1559]. Institusie van die Christelike Godsdiens. 4. Translated by HW Simpson (1559 Latin ed.). Potchefstroom: Calvyn Jubileum Boekefonds. ISBN 0-86955-106-X.


document_title: Tim McGraw

question_text: when did tim mcgraw release his first album

question_tokens: when did tim mcgraw release his first album

text: Tim McGraw

text: Early life[edit]

text: Samuel Timothy McGraw was born in Delhi, Louisiana, the only child of Elizabeth "Betty" Ann D'Agostino, a waitress from Jacksonville, Florida, and Frank Edwin "Tug" McGraw Jr., a pitcher for the minor league Jacksonville Suns and future star pitcher for the New York Mets and the Philadelphia Phillies. McGraw is of Italian and Irish descent on his mother's side, and of Scots-Irish, English, Scottish, Swiss, Dutch, Czech, and German descent on his father's side.[3][4] In 1966, McGraw's mother lived in the same apartment building as his father, who was playing baseball for Jacksonville, while D'Agostino was a student at Terry Parker High School.  When McGraw's teenage mother became pregnant, his grandparents sent D'Agostino to Louisiana to live with relatives.[5] Through his father, McGraw has two half-brothers, Mark and Matthew, and a half-sister named Cari.[6]

text: Raised in the Louisiana towns of Start[7] and  Richland Parish, McGraw grew up believing his stepfather, Horace Smith, was his father and until he met his biological father, McGraw's last name was Smith.  At age 11, McGraw discovered his birth certificate while searching in his mother's closet to look for a picture for a school project.  Following the discovery, McGraw learned from his mother who his biological father was and she took him to meet the elder McGraw for the first time.[4] Tug McGraw denied the parentage for seven years until McGraw was 18 years old.  After that time, the two formed a relationship and remained close until the former baseball star's death in 2004.[citation needed]

text: As a child, McGraw played competitive sports, including baseball, even before the knowledge of who his father was and his professional baseball career.[4] McGraw was also a member of the FFA in high school.  Following high school graduation, he attended Northeast Louisiana University on a baseball scholarship and pledged as a member of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.[7][8][9]  A knee injury sustained while playing baseball for the college prevented him from pursuing a professional career in sports.[citation needed]

text: During college, McGraw learned to play guitar, and would frequently perform and sing for money.  He has claimed his roommates often hid the guitar because he was so bad.[citation needed]  McGraw followed his mother when she returned to Jacksonville, Florida in 1987.  After the move, he attended Florida Community College at Jacksonville for one term, and occasionally sat in with local bands.[5]  In 1989, on the day his hero Keith Whitley died,[7] McGraw dropped out of college to head to Nashville and pursue a musical career.[4][10]

text: Music career[edit]

text: Tim McGraw[edit]

text: McGraw came to the attention of Curb Records in 1990. After cutting a demo single, McGraw gave a copy to his father. A man who was friends with Curb Records executives heard the demo while driving with Tug one day and recommended that Curb contact the young singer. Several weeks later, he was able to play his tape for Curb executives, after which they signed him to a recording contract.[4] McGraw's first single, "What Room Was the Holiday In", was released on March 29, 1991, and did not enter the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart upon its release.[11] In a 2001 retrospective on McGraw's career in Billboard, a former program director for Nashville station WSM-FM said that he added the song to the station's playlist because it showed "undeniable promise",[11] while another former program director at WXTU in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania recalled that McGraw's debut single was "terrible" but that he booked the singer to make an appearance at the station due to his father's fame.[12]

text: Three more singles were released from Tim McGraw: "Welcome to the Club", "Memory Lane", and "Two Steppin' Mind". None made country Top 40 and the album itself did not chart.[7] Both "Memory Lane" and "Tears in the Rain", another cut from the album, were co-written by Joe Diffie.[13] "Memory Lane" had originally appeared on Keith Palmer's self-titled 1991 debut album.[14]

text: Not a Moment Too Soon[edit]

text: McGraw's second album, entitled Not a Moment Too Soon, was much more successful than his self-titled debut, and it was the best-selling country album of 1994. Its first single, "Indian Outlaw", resulted in some considerable controversy, as critics argued that it presented Native Americans in a patronizing way.[7] Some radio stations even chose not to play it.[15] However, the controversy helped spur sales, and the song became McGraw's first Top 10 hit on the U.S. country charts after getting as high as number 8[16]. The song also peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.[17]

text: The album's second single, "Don't Take the Girl", became McGraw's first number one on the U.S. country charts, in addition to peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song also "helped cement his image as a ruggedly good-looking guy with a sensitive side."[15] By year's end, the third single from the album, "Down on the Farm" peaked at number 2; after that, the album's fourth single, also its title track, became the singer's second number one hit in early-1995. The fifth and final single "Refried Dreams" reached number 5.[16] The album sold over 6 million copies, topping the Billboard 200 and Top Country Album charts.[7]  On the strength of this success, McGraw won Academy of Country Music awards for Album of the Year and Top New Male Vocalist in 1994.[18] Billboard named Not a Moment Too Soon as the top country album of 1994 on Billboard Year-End.[19]

text: All I Want[edit]

text: McGraw's third studio album, All I Want, was released in 1995. Just like its predecessor, this album also debuted at No. 1 on the country charts. The album even sold over 2 million copies in the United States and reached the Top 5 on the Billboard 200. The album's first single, "I Like It, I Love It", became McGraw's third number one on the American country charts[16] and it also peaked at number 25 to the Billboard Hot 100. The album's next two singles, "Can't Be Really Gone" and "All I Want Is a Life" (its partial title-track) both made the top 5 at numbers 2 and 5, respectively. The fourth single, "She Never Lets It Go to Her Heart", gave McGraw his fourth number one on the U.S. country charts in 1996. Finishing off the singles was "Maybe We Should Just Sleep on It",[16] which peaked at number 4.

text: In 1996, McGraw headlined the most successful country tour of the year, The Spontaneous Combustion Tour, with Faith Hill as his supporting act. Hill broke off her engagement to her former producer Scott Hendricks so that she and McGraw could start dating each other; they then married on October 6, 1996. The couple have since had three daughters: Gracie Katherine (born May 1997), Maggie Elizabeth (born August 1998), and Audrey Caroline (born December 2001).[20] Gracie appears on "Here Tonight", the first track on McGraw's 2015 album Damn Country Music.

text: Everywhere[edit]

text: The singer's fourth album, 1997's Everywhere was released in 1997. It topped the country charts as well, and reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200, selling 4 million copies.[7]  The album spawned six singles. Four of those singles - "It's Your Love" (a duet with Faith Hill, the title track, "Where the Green Grass Grows", and "Just to See You Smile" - reached number one on the country charts. The Country Music Association awarded Everywhere its Album of the Year award for 1997. At the 40th Grammy Awards, "It's Your Love" received two Grammy Award nominations for Best Country Collaboration With Vocals and Best Country Song.[21] Both "It's Your Love" and "Just to See You Smile" were the number one country songs of 1997 and 1998 according to Billboard Year-End charts;[22][23] "Just to See You Smile" also set a record for the longest run on the country charts at the time, at 42 weeks.[24] The album's other two singles, "One of These Days" and "For a Little While" both peaked at number 2.

text: A Place in the Sun[edit]

text: McGraw's fifth album, A Place in the Sun, continued his streak in 1999, debuting atop both the US country and pop album charts[18] and selling 3 million copies. Over 251,000 of those copies were sold during its first week, making this the singer's first number 1 opener on the Billboard 200. It produced another four number one hits on the U.S. country charts with "Please Remember Me", "Something Like That", "My Best Friend", and "My Next Thirty Years". "Some Things Never Change" peaked at number 7 on the charts.[7] McGraw also contributed a song for the Grammy-winning tribute album to Bob Wills entitled Ride With Bob. A cover of "Milk Cow Blues", this song was recorded as a duet with Asleep at the Wheel, whom he had met while performing together at the George Strait Country Music Festival.[18]

text: McGraw recorded two more duets with his wife in the late-1990s, both of which appeared on her albums. "Just to Hear You Say That You Love Me", from her multi-platinum-certified 1998 album Faith, reached the Top 5 of the US country charts.[7] Her follow-up album, 1999's Breathe, featured "Let's Make Love", which won a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Collaboration in 2000.[18]

text: Greatest Hits[edit]

text: In 2000, McGraw released his first Greatest Hits album, which topped the country albums charts for nine weeks and sold nearly 6 million copies, making this one of the biggest-selling albums in the modern country market. In the latter half of the year, he and Hill went out on the Soul2Soul Tour, playing to sellout crowds in 64 venues, including Madison Square Garden. The tour was one of the top tours of any genre in the U.S. It was also the leading country tour of 2000.[24]

text: While in Buffalo, New York, McGraw and Kenny Chesney became involved in a scuffle with police officers after Chesney attempted to ride a police horse. McGraw came to Chesney's aid after police officers nearby believed the horse was being stolen and tried to arrest him. The two were arrested and charged with assault, but were later cleared. During a concert with the George Strait Country Music Festival several weeks later, Hill, dressed as a police officer, made an unscheduled appearance at the end of McGraw's set and led him off the stage.[25]

text: Set This Circus Down[edit]

text: McGraw's sixth studio album, Set This Circus Down, was released in April 2001. It even spawned four number one hits on the country charts as well, this time with "Grown Men Don't Cry", "Angry All the Time" (with Faith Hill), "The Cowboy in Me", and "Unbroken". The singer provided harmony vocals for Jo Dee Messina's song "Bring On the Rain", which he also produced. That song topped the country charts.[18]

text: Hungry for more of his music, fans downloaded a version of his performance of the song "Things Change" from his appearance at the Country Music Association Awards Show.  The song was played extensively on radio, becoming the first country song to appear on the charts from a fully downloaded version.[24]

text: Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors[edit]

text:
In 2002, McGraw bucked country music traditions by recording his seventh studio album Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors with his tour band The Dancehall Doctors. Unlike rock music — where it is commonplace for touring bands to provide the music on albums recorded by the artist they support, country albums are typically recorded with session musicians.[26] McGraw chose to use his own touring band, in order to recognize their part in
his success, and to capture some of the feel of a real band.[24]

text: All of the Dancehall Doctors have worked with McGraw since at least 1996. Their lineup includes:

text:
Darran Smith – lead guitar, acoustic guitar
Bob Minner – rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, banjo, mandolin
Denny Hemingson – steel guitar, electric, baritone, and slide guitars, dobro
John Marcus – bass guitar
Dean Brown – fiddle, mandolin
Jeff McMahon – piano, organ, synthesizer, keyboards
Billy Mason – drums
David Dunkley – percussion[24]

text: The album debuted at No. 2 on the country albums charts,[4] Its fourth and fifth singles "Real Good Man" and "Watch the Wind Blow By" both climbed to number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. "She's My Kind of Rain" peaked at No. 2 in 2003, and "Red Rag Top" reached number 5. The album also features a cover of Elton John's early-1970s classic "Tiny Dancer", as well as duets with Kim Carnes on "Comfort Me" (a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks) and Don Henley and Timothy B. Schmit of the Eagles on "Illegal". "She's My Kind of Rain"  also received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Country Vocal Performance-Male at the 46th Grammy Awards.[27]

text: Live Like You Were Dying[edit]

text: His eighth album, 2004's Live Like You Were Dying, continued the singer's record of commercial success. The album's first single and its title track was dedicated to his father Tug McGraw, who died of a brain tumor earlier in the year, was an ode to living life fully and in the moment. [28] The second single "Back When" was a paean to an easy nostalgia. "Live Like You Were Dying" spent seven non-consecutive weeks at No. 1 on Billboard and went on to become the top country song of 2004 on the Billboard Year-End charts.[29] It also became one of the most awarded records by winning ACM Single and Song of the Year, CMA Single and Song of the Year, and a Grammy. "Back When" went to number one on the country charts as well. The album produced three more singles with "Drugs or Jesus", "Do You Want Fries with That", and "My Old Friend". "Drugs or Jesus" became McGraw's first single since 1993 to not ever reach within the Top 10 on the U.S. country charts, while "Do You Want Fries with That" and "My Old Friend" peaked at numbers 5 and 6, respectively.

text: In late 2004, his unlikely duet with hip hop artist Nelly on "Over and Over became a crossover hit,[30] spending 10 weeks atop the top 40 chart. "Over and Over" brought McGraw a success he had never previously experienced on contemporary hit radio or R&B radio, and brought both artists success neither had previously experienced in the hot adult contemporary market. The song also spent a week at the top of the charts in the United Kingdom, becoming McGraw's first hit single in Britain and Nelly's third number one hit in the country after "Dilemma" and "My Place". "Over and Over" also reached the top of the charts in Australia, New Zealand and the Republic of Ireland, and the top 10 in Austria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Romania and Switzerland.

text: Throughout the 2005 NFL season, McGraw sang an alternate version of "I Like It, I Love It" every week during the season. The alternate lyrics, which changed each week, would make reference to plays during Sunday's games, and the song would be played alongside video highlights during halftime on Monday Night Football.[31]  Later in the year, McGraw became a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats when majority owner Bud Adams (owner of the NFL's Tennessee Titans) was awarded the expansion franchise.[32]

text: Let It Go[edit]

text: In April 2006, McGraw and Hill began their 73-concert 55-city Soul2Soul II Tour, again to strong commercial acceptance.  The tour grossed roughly $89 million and sold approximately 1.1 million tickets, making it the top grossing tour in the history of country music.[33]  It was also named "Major Tour of the Year" by the prestigious Pollstar Magazine, beating out such heavyweights as Madonna and the Rolling Stones. In a special gesture, the couple donated all of the profits from their performance in New Orleans to Hurricane Katrina relief.[34]

text: McGraw, along with Kenny Chesney, contributed to a version of Tracy Lawrence's song "Find Out Who Your Friends Are", which can be found on Lawrence's album For the Love. Although the official single version features only Lawrence's vocals, many stations have opted to play the version with McGraw and Chesney instead.

text: McGraw released his eleventh studio album, Let It Go, on March 27, 2007. The album's first single, "Last Dollar (Fly Away)", peaked at number one on the Hot Country Songs chart. This marked McGraw's first No. 1 single since "Back When" in late-2004. The album debuted at No. 1 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Country Album charts, marking his fourth No. 1 album on the 200 charts and his ninth overall.[35]  His daughters can be heard singing the chorus during the last few seconds of the song on the video.

text: During the Academy of Country Music awards show on May 21, 2007, McGraw performed a song titled "If You're Reading This", which he co-wrote with The Warren Brothers.[36] Several radio stations began to play the live recording of the song; as a result, it entered the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at No. 35.[37]

text: McGraw also produced the debut album of country music duo Halfway to Hazard. The duo's first single, "Daisy", peaked at No. 39 on the country charts in the summer of 2007.

text: In the summer of 2007, McGraw and Hill toured together once again in the Soul2Soul 2007 tour.

text: In the January 18, 2008 edition of the USA Today newspaper, McGraw was stated to be featured on the Def Leppard album Songs from the Sparkle Lounge, having also co-written the first single, "Nine Lives", with Def Leppard band members Joe Elliott, Phil Collen, and Rick Savage. The unusual pairing goes back to 2006 when McGraw joined Def Leppard onstage for the song "Pour Some Sugar On Me", and then collaborated on the song "Nine Lives" afterward. The album was released on April 25, 2008.

text: At the 2007 50th Annual Grammy Awards, McGraw received 5 nominations including Best Country Album (for Let It Go, Best Country Song (both for "If You're Reading This" and "I Need You"), Best Country Collaboration with Vocals (with "I Need You"), and Best Male Country Vocal Performance (with "If You're Reading This").[38]

text: In May 2008, he hit the road with the Live Your Voice tour. The mainly-outdoor arena concert tour was his first solo outing in nearly three years. Also in May 2008, he debuted a new song off of his follow-up to Let It Go at the Stagecoach Music Festival in Indio, California.

text: In July 2008, the album's sixth single and its title track, "Let It Go", was released to country radio. Following that, a seventh single, "Nothin' to Die For", entered the Country charts at No. 57 in late December. McGraw released his third greatest-hits package, Greatest Hits 3 on October 7, 2008. The album features 12 tracks. McGraw was set to debut a new song on the 2009 ACM Awards, but then cancelled his performance; he was replaced by Blake Shelton, who sang "She Wouldn't Be Gone".

text: Southern Voice[edit]

text:
McGraw's twelfth studio album, Southern Voice, was released October 20, 2009, and led by the single "It's A Business Doing Pleasure With You", which was shipped to radio outlets in late June 2009.[39]
Southern Voice was argued to be McGraw's last album for Curb Records, following the dispute over releasing his third Greatest Hits collection back in October 2008 without his permission.[40] McGraw did not approve of the release. On November 30, 2010, Curb Records released his fourth greatest hits compilation, Number One Hits.

text: Emotional Traffic and Curb Records lawsuit[edit]

text:
On January 2, 2011, McGraw announced plans for his Emotional Traffic Tour featuring opening acts Luke Bryan and The Band Perry.[41]
Sirius XM announced on March 30, 2011 that they would be launching Tim McGraw radio, a commercial-free music channel devoted to McGraw's music, and featuring an in depth interview with McGraw as well.[42]

text: As of fall 2010, McGraw had finished work on the album Emotional Traffic, his last album with Curb Records.[43] On May 13, 2011, Curb Records filed a breach-of-contract suit against McGraw.[44] The label alleged that McGraw recorded tracks for his Emotional Traffic album too early prior to its delivery to the label.[44] Several days later, McGraw filed a counter suit against the label seeking advance payment and recording-fund reimbursement, unspecified damages, and a jury trial.[45] A trial was scheduled to begin in July 2012.[46][47]

text: In November 2011, a judge granted McGraw permission to record music for another label, ending his relationship with Curb Records that began in 1990.[46][47] A few hours after the ruling, Curb released "Better Than I Used to Be", the second single from  Emotional Traffic.[48][49] The album was released on January 24, 2012.[49]

text: Two Lanes of Freedom[edit]

text:
In December 2011, McGraw released his first Christmas single, "Christmas All Over the World", on his own label StyleSonic Records. On May 21, 2012, however, he signed with Big Machine Records.[50]
McGraw's debut album for Big Machine, entitled Two Lanes of Freedom, was released on February 5, 2013.[51] It debuted at number 2 on the charts by selling 108,000 copies.[52] The album includes the singles "Truck Yeah", "One of Those Nights", "Highway Don't Care" (a duet with Taylor Swift which also features Keith Urban on lead guitar), and "Southern Girl".

text: McGraw performed at the C2C: Country to Country festival in London on March 16, 2013.[53]

text: Love Story and Sundown Heaven Town[edit]

text: McGraw released a single titled "Lookin' for That Girl" in January 2014 as the lead-off single to his second album for Big Machine. It was followed immediately by the announcement of the Sundown Heaven Town Tour.[54] The album, titled Sundown Heaven Town, was released on September 16, 2014.[55] Four months into its run, "Lookin' for That Girl" was withdrawn as a single and replaced with "Meanwhile Back at Mama's", which features backing vocals from Hill. "Shotgun Rider" became the album's third single and a number 1 Country Airplay hit by the end of 2014. Following it was "Diamond Rings and Old Barstools", a duet with Catherine Dunn.

text: McGraw's eighth greatest hits album, Love Story, is a compilation of his twelve biggest love songs and two previously unreleased recordings. It was released exclusively through Walmart on February 4, 2014, by Curb Records.[56]

text: Damn Country Music[edit]

text: On August 10, 2015, McGraw released a new single to digital retailers, titled "Top of the World", which was later released to radio on August 17, 2015 as the lead single to his third studio album for Big Machine Records. On September 17, McGraw announced that the album was titled Damn Country Music, with a release date scheduled for November 6.[57] The album's second single, "Humble and Kind", released to country radio on February 1, 2016 and went on to reach number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country charts. McGraw was selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of Take Me Home, Country Roads, On the Road Again and I Will Always Love You which celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards.[58] The album's third single, "How I'll Always Be" released to country radio on July 11, 2016. It reached at number 3 on the Country Airplay in February 2017.

text: The Rest of Our Life[edit]

text: On October 4, 2016, during a show at the Ryman Auditorium, McGraw and Hill announced that they would be going back on the road together again on the Soul2Soul World Tour. The tour began on April 7, 2017, in New Orleans and will continue into 2018, incorporating the C2C: Country to Country festival held in the UK throughout March 2018.[59]

text: Prior to the commencement of the tour it was reported that McGraw, alongside Hill, had signed a new deal with Sony Music Nashville. The signing also indicated the release of a duet album between the couple, and that multiple solo recordings would be produced.[60][61] The new record label signing also preceded the release of "Speak to a Girl", the lead single from the duet album, The Rest of Our Life, which was released on November 17, 2017.[62][63] The release of the album coincided with the opening of an exhibit at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum titled Mississippi Woman, Louisiana Man, which celebrates the careers of both McGraw and Hill.[64]

text: Producer[edit]

text: McGraw has occasionally served as a record producer in collaboration with Byron Gallimore, who has co-produced all of his albums. The two co-produced Jo Dee Messina's self-titled debut,[65] as well as her next two albums, I'm Alright and Burn. McGraw and Gallimore also produced the only album released by The Clark Family Experience in 2000, and Halfway to Hazard's 2007 self-titled debut album.

text: Acting career[edit]

text: McGraw's first acting appearance came in a 1997 episode of The Jeff Foxworthy Show, where he played Foxworthy's rival.

text: In 2004, McGraw played a sheriff in Rick Schroder's independent release Black Cloud. Later in the same year, McGraw received critical acclaim as the overbearing father of a running back in the major studio Texas high school football drama Friday Night Lights. The Dallas Observer said the role was "played with unexpected ferocity by country singer Tim McGraw".[66]  The movie went on to gross over $60 million worldwide at the box office,[67] and sold millions in the DVD market. Most recently, it was named one of the Top 50 High School Movies of All Time (No. 37) by Entertainment Weekly.

text: McGraw's first lead role was in the 2006 film Flicka, which was released in theaters October 20, 2006.  In the remake of the classic book My Friend Flicka, McGraw played the father, Rob, costarring with Alison Lohman and Maria Bello.  The family-friendly movie debuted in the top 10 list and has grossed over $25 million at the box office.[68]  McGraw again achieved critical acclaim for his acting.[69][70]

text: Shortly before Flicka opened, McGraw received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His star is located at 6901 Hollywood Boulevard near stars honoring Julie Andrews, William Shatner, and the late Greta Garbo. One of his Flicka co-stars, Alison Lohman, attended the ceremony that included comments from Billy Bob Thornton, McGraw's co-star in the film Friday Night Lights.[71]

text: In addition to acting in Flicka, McGraw served as executive producer of the soundtrack album, which was released by his record label, StyleSonic Records, in association with Curb Records and Fox 2000 films. It featured the closing credit song "My Little Girl",  one of the first two songs that McGraw recorded that he also co-wrote (the other being "I've Got Friends That Do", both of which were included on Greatest Hits Vol. 2).[72] The song was nominated by the Broadcast Film Critics for "Best Song" in a film, and the movie was nominated in the category "Best Family Film (Live Action)". The movie proved to be another success in the DVD market, and has sold over a million copies, debuting at No. 3 on the DVD sales chart.[68]

text: McGraw also had a small part in the Michael Mann–produced 2007 film The Kingdom, reuniting him with Friday Night Lights director Peter Berg. McGraw played a bitter, angered widower whose wife was killed in the terrorist attack that is the centerpiece of the movie.

text: On November 22, 2008, McGraw made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live. He also played "Dallas McVie" in Four Christmases.

text: McGraw appeared in the 2009 film The Blind Side as Sean Tuohy, husband of Sandra Bullock's character, Leigh Anne Tuohy. The Blind Side is based on the true story of Michael Oher, a homeless African-American youngster from a broken home, taken in and adopted by the Tuohys, a well-to-do white family who help him fulfill his potential. For her performance Bullock won the Oscar for Best Actress in a Leading Role.

text: He is among the stars of Dirty Girl, a film that premiered on September 12, 2010, at the Toronto Film Festival, along with Juno Temple, Milla Jovovich, William H. Macy and Dwight Yoakam.

text: Also in 2010, McGraw starred in Country Strong as James Canter, the husband and manager of the fictional country singer Kelly Canter (portrayed by Gwyneth Paltrow).[73] In addition to his appearance in the film, McGraw's song "Me and Tennessee", a duet with Paltrow, was played during the closing credits.

text: In 2015, McGraw appeared in Tomorrowland as Eddie Newton, Casey's father (Casey Newton - a main character played by Britt Robertson) and NASA engineer

text: Charitable efforts[edit]

text: In 1994, when McGraw first reached fame, he established the annual Swampstock event.  It began as a charity softball game to raise money for hometown little league programs; the event now includes a celebrity softball game and a multi-artist concert that attracts over 11,000 fans per year.  The combined events have funded new Little League parks and equipment, and have established college scholarship funds for students in the northeast Louisiana area.[74]

text: From 1996 to 1999, McGraw hosted an annual New Year's Eve concert in Nashville with special guests including Jeff Foxworthy, the Dixie Chicks, and Martina McBride.  The 1997 show raised over $100,000 for the Country Music Foundation Hall of Fame and Museum.  Beginning in 1999, McGraw would pick select cities on each tour, and the night before he was scheduled to perform, would choose a local club and host a quickly-organized show. This tour-within-a-tour became known as "The Bread and Water Tour", and all proceeds from the show would go to a charity from that community.[74]

text: McGraw designed a charity T-shirt sold through Angelwear to benefit MusiCares. MusiCares supports musicians in times of need. His charity focus particularly on health issues. The Tim McGraw Foundation raises funds to enhance the quality of life of children and adults with brain tumors. He supports the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center, the David Foster Foundation, which helps families of children in need of organ transplants, and Musicians on Call, which brings music to hospital patients' bedsides. He also performs during dinners and auctions to benefit children with disabilities. Hill and McGraw gave the Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society $375,000 (the entire gate receipts from one of their concerts) to assist the families of 17 sailors following the terrorist attack on USS Cole, the guided missile destroyer that suffered significant damage in the Gulf of Aden, Yemen on October 12, 2000.[75]

text: In the days immediately following Hurricane Katrina, McGraw and his wife, who was raised in Mississippi, joined groups taking supplies to Gulfport, Mississippi.  The two also hosted several charity concerts to benefit those who were displaced by the storm.[76]  Later in the year, the couple established the Neighbor's Keeper Foundation, which provides funding for community charities to assist with basic humanitarian services, in the event of a natural disaster, or for desperate personal circumstances.

text: McGraw is also a member of the American Red Cross National Celebrity Cabinet, to which various celebrities donate their time, skills, and fame, to help the Red Cross highlight important initiatives and response efforts.[77]

text: McGraw has helped out with charity events held by Minnesota Vikings quarterback Brett Favre. The Brett Favre Fourward Foundation has featured McGraw (and at other times Faith Hill) performing concerts during dinners and auctions that benefit children with disabilities in Wisconsin and Mississippi. One instance is recorded on Favre's official website.[78]

text: On July 12, 2007, it was made public that McGraw and his wife Faith Hill, while in Grand Rapids, Michigan for a performance, donated $5,000 to Kailey Kozminski, 3-year-old daughter of Officer Robert Kozminski, a Grand Rapids police officer who was killed on July 8, 2007, while responding to a domestic disturbance.[79]

text: In June 2010, McGraw and his wife Faith Hill organized Nashville Rising, a benefit concert aimed to raise $2 million for The Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee in response to the flood in early May that killed 22 people and caused $2 billion in damage.[80]

text: Politics[edit]

text: in a 2006 interview with Esquire magazine, McGraw, a Democrat, stated he would like to run for public office, possibly for United States Senate or Governor of Tennessee, his home state.[81][82] In the same interview, he praised former President Bill Clinton.[81] In a 2008 interview with People magazine, McGraw referred to himself as a "Blue Dog Democrat" and stated his and his family's support for Barack Obama.[83]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: McGraw is married to singer Faith Hill. Together, they have three daughters: Gracie Katherine (b. 1997), Maggie Elizabeth (b. 1998), and Audrey Caroline (b. 2001).[84]

text: McGraw holds a private pilot license and owns a single-engine Cirrus SR22.[85][86]

text: In 2015, Forbes estimated McGraw's annual income at $38 million.[87]

text: Discography[edit]

text: Studio albums[edit]

text:
Tim McGraw (1993)
Not a Moment Too Soon (1994)
All I Want (1995)
Everywhere (1997)
A Place in the Sun (1999)
Set This Circus Down (2001)
Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors (2002)
Live Like You Were Dying (2004)
Let It Go (2007)
Southern Voice (2009)
Emotional Traffic (2012)
Two Lanes of Freedom (2013)
Sundown Heaven Town (2014)
Damn Country Music (2015)
The Rest of Our Life (with Faith Hill) (2017)

text: Tours[edit]

text:
Headlining
The Spontaneous Combustion Tour (1996)
Everywhere Tour (1997)
The Bread and Water Tour (1999)
Set This Circus Down Tour (2001)
Live Like You Were Dying Tour (2004)
Live Your Voice Tour (2008)
Southern Voice Tour (2010)
Two Lanes of Freedom Tour (2013)
Sundown Heaven Town Tour (2014)
Shotgun Rider Tour (2015)

Co-headlining
Soul2Soul Tour (2000) (with Faith Hill)
Soul2Soul II Tour (2006–07) (with Faith Hill)
Tim McGraw & Faith Hill Australia 2012 Tour (2012)
Brothers of the Sun Tour (2012) (with Kenny Chesney)
Soul2Soul World Tour (with Faith Hill)

tag: table

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Film

Year

Title

Role

Notes

2004

Black Cloud

Sheriff Cliff Powers

2004

Friday Night Lights

Charles Billingsley

Nominated – MTV Movie Award – Best Male Breakthrough Performance

2006

Flicka

Rob McLaughlin

Nominated – Critics Choice Award for Best Song: "My Little Girl"

2007

The Kingdom

Aaron Jackson

2008

Four Christmases

Dallas McVie

2009

The Blind Side

Sean Tuohy

2010

Dirty Girl

Danny Briggs

2010

Country Strong

James Canter

2015

Tomorrowland

Eddie Newton

2016

The Shack

Willie

text: Television[edit]

text:
Television

Year

Title

Role

Notes

1997

The Jeff Foxworthy Show

Lionel

Episode: "Feud for Thought"

2000

Sesame Street

Himself

Episode: "3919"

2008

Saturday Night Live

Host

Episode: "Tim McGraw/Ludacris & T-Pain"

2011

Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)

Himself

Episode: "Tim McGraw"

2013

Cake Boss

Himself

Episode: "A Cowboy In Hoboken"

2015

Repeat After Me

Himself

Episode: "1x4"

2016

The Voice Season 11

Key Advisor

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Awards
Award

1994
Country Music Television
Male Video Artist of the Year

Academy of Country Music
Album of the Year – Not a Moment Too Soon

Academy of Country Music
Top New Male Vocalist

Billboard Awards
Top New Country Artist

Billboard Magazine
Top New Country Album – Not a Moment Too Soon

1995
American Music Awards
Favorite Country New Artist

1997
Billboard Magazine
Single of the Year – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

Country Music Television
Video of the Year – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

Country Music Television
Male Artist of the Year

Playgirl Magazine
Top Ten, Sexiest Men of the Year

CMA
Vocal Event – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

1998
Billboard Awards
Country Single of the Year – "Just to See You Smile"

CMA
Album of the Year – Everywhere

Academy of Country Music
Single of the Year – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

Academy of Country Music
Song of the Year – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

Academy of Country Music
Video of the Year – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

Academy of Country Music
Top Vocal Event – "It's Your Love" (with Faith Hill)

1999
Academy of Country Music
Male Vocalist

Academy of Country Music
Vocal Collaboration – "Just to Hear You Say That You Love Me" (with Faith Hill)

CMA
Male Vocalist

CMA
Album of the Year – A Place in the Sun

2000
CMA
Male Vocalist

National Fatherhood Initiative
Father of the Year

Academy of Country Music
Male Vocalist

Billboard Awards
Male Artist of the Year

2001
American Music Awards
Favorite Male Country Artist

Grammy Awards
Best Country Collaboration with Vocals – "Let's Make Love" (with Faith Hill)

CMA
Entertainer of the Year

Billboard Awards
Country Artist

Billboard Awards
Male Country Artist

Billboard Awards
Country Albums Artist

Billboard Awards
Country Single Artist

Billboard Awards
Country Album – Greatest Hits

2002
American Music Awards
Best Country Album – Set This Circus Down

American Music Awards
Favorite Male Country Artist

2003
American Music Awards (January)
Favorite Country Male Artist

Radio Music Awards (January)
Country Male Artist

American Music Awards (November)
Favorite Country Male Artist

2004
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Country Male Artist

Radio Music Awards
Country Male Artist

CMA
Single of the Year – "Live Like You Were Dying"

2005
American Music Awards
Album of the Year – Live Like You Were Dying

American Music Awards
Best Male Country Artist

Academy of Country Music
Song of the Year – "Live Like You Were Dying"

Academy of Country Music
Single of the Year – "Live Like You Were Dying"

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Country Male Artist

Grammy Award
Best Male Country Vocal Performance – "Live Like You Were Dying"

Country Music Television
Most Inspiring Video – "Live Like You Were Dying"

2006
People's Choice Awards
Top Male Performer

Grammy Award
Best Country Collaboration with Vocals – "Like We Never Loved At All" (with Faith Hill)

2012
CMA
Musical Event of the Year – "Feel Like a Rock Star" (with Kenny Chesney)

2013
British Country Music Association
International Song of the Year - "Highway Don't Care" (with Taylor Swift and Keith Urban)

2014
People's Choice Awards
Country Music Icon

2016
CMT Music Awards
Video Of The Year - "Humble and Kind"


document_title: List of Masters Tournament champions

question_text: who won the master golf tournament this year

text: List of Masters Tournament champions

text: Champions[edit]

text: By year[edit]

text:
Key

Tournament won in a playoff

text:
Masters Tournament champions

Year
Country
Champion
Total score
To Par[9][a]

1934
USA ! United States
Smith, HortonHorton Smith
284
004 !−4

1935
USA ! United States
Sarazen, GeneGene Sarazen[c]
282
006 !−6

1936
USA ! United States
Smith, HortonHorton Smith
285
003 !−3

1937
USA ! United States
Nelson, ByronByron Nelson
283
005 !−5

1938
USA ! United States
Picard, HenryHenry Picard
285
003 !−3

1939
USA ! United States
Guldahl, RalphRalph Guldahl
279
009 !−9

1940
USA ! United States
Demaret, JimmyJimmy Demaret
280
008 !−8

1941
USA ! United States
Wood, CraigCraig Wood
280
008 !−8

1942
USA ! United States
Nelson, ByronByron Nelson[d]
280
008 !−8

1943
&
—

None[b]
&
—

&
—

1944
&
—

None
&
—

&
—

1945
&
—

None
&
—

&
—

1946
USA ! United States
Keiser, HermanHerman Keiser
282
006 !−6

1947
USA ! United States
Demaret, JimmyJimmy Demaret
281
007 !−7

1948
USA ! United States
Harmon, ClaudeClaude Harmon
279
009 !−9

1949
USA ! United States
Snead, SamSam Snead
282
006 !−6

1950
USA ! United States
Demaret, JimmyJimmy Demaret
283
005 !−5

1951
USA ! United States
Hogan, BenBen Hogan
280
008 !−8

1952
USA ! United States
Snead, SamSam Snead
286
002 !−2

1953
USA ! United States
Hogan, BenBen Hogan
274
014 !−14

1954
USA ! United States
Snead, SamSam Snead[e]
289
+1

1955
USA ! United States
Middlecoff, CaryCary Middlecoff
279
009 !−9

1956
USA ! United States
Burke Jr., JackJack Burke Jr.
289
+1

1957
USA ! United States
Ford, DougDoug Ford
283
005 !−5

1958
USA ! United States
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer
284
004 !−4

1959
USA ! United States
Wall Jr., ArtArt Wall Jr.
284
004 !−4

1960
USA ! United States
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer
282
006 !−6

1961
RSA ! South Africa
Player, GaryGary Player
280
008 !−8

1962
USA ! United States
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer[f]
280
008 !−8

1963
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
286
002 !−2

1964
USA ! United States
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer
276
012 !−12

1965
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
271
017 !−17

1966
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus[g]
288
0 !E

1967
USA ! United States
Brewer, GayGay Brewer
280
008 !−8

1968
USA ! United States
Goalby, BobBob Goalby
277
011 !−11

1969
USA ! United States
Archer, GeorgeGeorge Archer
281
007 !−7

1970
USA ! United States
Casper, BillyBilly Casper[h]
279
009 !−9

1971
USA ! United States
Coody, CharlesCharles Coody
279
009 !−9

1972
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
286
002 !−2

1973
USA ! United States
Aaron, TommyTommy Aaron
283
005 !−5

1974
RSA ! South Africa
Player, GaryGary Player
278
010 !−10

1975
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
276
012 !−12

1976
USA ! United States
Floyd, RaymondRaymond Floyd
271
017 !−17

1977
USA ! United States
Watson, TomTom Watson
276
012 !−12

1978
RSA ! South Africa
Player, GaryGary Player
277
011 !−11

1979
USA ! United States
Zoeller, FuzzyFuzzy Zoeller[i]
280
008 !−8

1980
ESP ! Spain
Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros
275
013 !−13

1981
USA ! United States
Watson, TomTom Watson
280
008 !−8

1982
USA ! United States
Stadler, CraigCraig Stadler[j]
284
004 !−4

1983
ESP ! Spain
Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros
280
008 !−8

1984
USA ! United States
Crenshaw, BenBen Crenshaw
277
011 !−11

1985
GER ! West Germany
Langer, BernhardBernhard Langer
282
006 !−6

1986
USA ! United States
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus
279
009 !−9

1987
USA ! United States
Mize, LarryLarry Mize[k]
285
003 !−3

1988
SCO ! Scotland
Lyle, SandySandy Lyle
281
007 !−7

1989
ENG ! England
Faldo, NickNick Faldo[l]
283
005 !−5

1990
ENG ! England
Faldo, NickNick Faldo[m]
278
010 !−10

1991
WAL ! Wales
Woosnam, IanIan Woosnam
277
011 !−11

1992
USA ! United States
Couples, FredFred Couples
275
013 !−13

1993
GER ! Germany
Langer, BernhardBernhard Langer
277
011 !−11

1994
ESP ! Spain
Olazábal, José MaríaJosé María Olazábal
279
009 !−9

1995
USA ! United States
Crenshaw, BenBen Crenshaw
274
014 !−14

1996
ENG ! England
Faldo, NickNick Faldo
276
012 !−12

1997
USA ! United States
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
270
018 !−18

1998
USA ! United States
O'Meara, MarkMark O'Meara
279
009 !−9

1999
USA ! Spain
Olazábal, José MaríaJosé María Olazábal
280
008 !−8

2000
FIJ ! Fiji
Singh, VijayVijay Singh
278
010 !−10

2001
USA ! United States
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
272
016 !−16

2002
USA ! United States
Woods, TigerTiger Woods
276
012 !−12

2003
CAN ! Canada
Weir, MikeMike Weir[n]
281
007 !−7

2004
USA ! United States
Mickelson, PhilPhil Mickelson
279
009 !−9

2005
USA ! United States
Woods, TigerTiger Woods[o]
276
012 !−12

2006
USA ! United States
Mickelson, PhilPhil Mickelson
281
007 !−7

2007
USA ! United States
Johnson, ZachZach Johnson
289
+1

2008
RSA ! South Africa
Immelman, TrevorTrevor Immelman
280
008 !−8

2009
ARG ! Argentina
Cabrera, ÁngelÁngel Cabrera[p]
276
012 !−12

2010
USA ! United States
Mickelson, PhilPhil Mickelson
272
016 !−16

2011
RSA ! South Africa
Schwartzel, CharlCharl Schwartzel
274
014 !−14

2012
USA ! United States
Watson, BubbaBubba Watson[q]
278
010 !−10

2013
AUS ! Australia
Scott, AdamAdam Scott[r]
279
009 !−9

2014
USA ! United States
Watson, BubbaBubba Watson
280
008 !−8

2015
USA ! United States
Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth
270
018 !−18

2016
ENG ! England
Willett, DannyDanny Willett
283
005 !−5

2017
SPA ! Spain
García, SergioSergio García[s]
279
009 !−9

2018
! United States
Reed, PatrickPatrick Reed
273
015 !−15

text: Multiple champions[edit]

text:
Masters Tournament multiple champions

Golfer
Total
Years

 Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus (USA)
6
1963, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1986

 Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer (USA)
4
1958, 1960, 1962, 1964

 Woods, TigerTiger Woods (USA)
4
1997, 2001, 2002, 2005

 Demaret, JimmyJimmy Demaret (USA)
3
1940, 1947, 1950

 Snead, SamSam Snead (USA)
3
1949, 1952, 1954

 Player, GaryGary Player (RSA)
3
1961, 1974, 1978

 Faldo, NickNick Faldo (ENG)
3
1989, 1990, 1996

 Mickelson, PhilPhil Mickelson (USA)
3
2004, 2006, 2010

 Smith, HortonHorton Smith (USA)
2
1934, 1936

 Nelson, ByronByron Nelson (USA)
2
1937, 1942

 Hogan, BenBen Hogan (USA)
2
1951, 1953

 Watson, TomTom Watson (USA)
2
1977, 1981

 Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros (ESP)
2
1980, 1983

 Langer, BernhardBernhard Langer (GER)
2
1985, 1993

 Crenshaw, BenBen Crenshaw (USA)
2
1984, 1995

 Olazábal, José MaríaJosé María Olazábal (ESP)
2
1994, 1999

 Watson, BubbaBubba Watson (USA)
2
2012, 2014

text: By nationality[edit]

text:
Masters Tournament champions by nationality

Nationality
Wins
Winners

 United States
60
37

 Spain
5
3

 South Africa
5
3

 England
4
2

 Germany
2
1

 Scotland
1
1

 Wales
1
1

 Fiji
1
1

 Canada
1
1

 Argentina
1
1

 Australia
1
1

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a Par is a predetermined number of strokes that a golfer should require to complete a hole, a round (the sum of the total pars of the played holes), or a tournament (the sum of the total pars of each round). E stands for even, which means the tournament was completed in the predetermined number of strokes.[9]
b The 1943, 1944, and 1945 Masters Tournaments were not held because of World War II.
c Gene Sarazen won in a playoff against Craig Wood.
d Byron Nelson won in a playoff against Ben Hogan.
e Sam Snead won in a playoff against Ben Hogan.
f Arnold Palmer won in a playoff against Dow Finsterwald and Gary Player.
g Jack Nicklaus won in a playoff against Gay Brewer and Tommy Jacobs.
h Billy Casper won in a playoff against Gene Littler.
i Fuzzy Zoeller won in a playoff against Ed Sneed and Tom Watson.
j Craig Stadler won in a playoff against Dan Pohl.
k Larry Mize won in a playoff against Seve Ballesteros and Greg Norman.
l Nick Faldo won in a playoff against Scott Hoch.
m Nick Faldo won in a playoff against Raymond Floyd.
n Mike Weir won in a playoff against Len Mattiace.
o Tiger Woods won in a playoff against Chris DiMarco.
p Ángel Cabrera won in a playoff against Chad Campbell and Kenny Perry.
q Bubba Watson won in a playoff against Louis Oosthuizen.
r Adam Scott won in a playoff against Ángel Cabrera.
s Sergio García won in a playoff against Justin Rose.


document_title: Bantu Education Act, 1953

question_text: what is the purpose of bantu education act

text: Bantu Education Act, 1953

text:
Bantu Education Act, 1953

Act to provide for the transfer of the administration and control of native education from the several provincial administrations to the Government of the Union, and for matters incidental thereto.Citation
Act No. 47 of 1953Enacted by
Parliament of South AfricaDate of Royal Assent
5 October 1986Date commenced
1 January 1954Date repealed
1 January 1980Administered by
Minister of Native AffairsRepealing legislation
Education and Training Act, 1979
Status: Repealed

text: The Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Act No. 47 of 1953; later renamed the Black Education Act, 1953) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities.[1] Even universities were made "tribal", and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would help support their schools. Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans.[2] In 1959, this type of education was extended to "non white" universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act, and the internationally prestigious University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system.[3] It is often argued that the policy of Bantu (African) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market,[4] although Kiyaam Govind, at the time Minister of Native Affairs, claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa's "ethnic problems" by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group.

text: The national authorities of the time is often said to have viewed education as having a rather pivotal position in their goal of eventually separating South Africa from the Bantustans entirely. The Minister of Native Affairs at the time, the "Architect of Apartheid" Hendrik Verwoerd, stated that:[2]

text: "There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice?"

text: The introduction of Bantu Education led to a substantial increase of government funding to the learning institutions of black Africans, but it did not keep up with population increase.[5] The law forced institutions under the direct control of the state and solve white man problems. The National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as they saw fit. Black teachers' salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers. Only one third of the black teachers were qualified.[2]

text: The schools reserved for the country's white children were of Western standards. 30% of the black schools did not have electricity, 25% no running water and less than half had plumbing. The education for Blacks, Indians and Coloureds was substantially cheaper but not free.[2] In the 70s, the per capita governmental spending on black education was one-tenth of the spending on white.[4]

text: In 1976, the Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974, which forced all black schools to use both Afrikaans and English as languages of instruction beginning with the last year of primary school, led to the Soweto Uprising in which more than 575 people died, at least 134 of them under the age of eighteen.[4][6]

text: The act was repealed in 1979 by the Education and Training Act, 1979, which continued the system of racially segregated education, while also eliminating both discrimination in tuition fees and the segregated Department of Bantu Education and allowing the both use of native tongue education up to the fourth grade and limited attendance at private schools as well.[7] Segregation became unconstitutional after the introduction of the Interim Constitution in 1994, and most sections of the Education and Training Act were repealed by the South African Schools Act, 1996.