document_title: World population

question_text: what percentage of the world population is america

text: World population

text: Population by region[edit]

text: Six of the Earth's seven continents are permanently inhabited on a large scale. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.3 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. The world's two most populated countries, China and India, together constitute about 37% of the world's population. Africa is the second most populated continent, with around 1 billion people, or 15% of the world's population. Europe's 733 million people make up 12% of the world's population as of 2012, while the Latin American and Caribbean regions are home to around 600 million (9%). Northern America, primarily consisting of the United States and Canada, has a population of around 352 million (5%), and Oceania, the least-populated region, has about 35 million inhabitants (0.5%).[9] Though it is not permanently inhabited by any fixed population, Antarctica has a small, fluctuating international population based mainly in polar science stations. This population tends to rise in the summer months and decrease significantly in winter, as visiting researchers return to their home countries.[10]

text: Population by continent[edit]

text:
Population by continent (2016 estimates)

Continent
Density
(inhabitants/km2)
Population
(millions)
Most populous country
Most populous city (metropolitan area)

Asia
96.4
4,436
1,382,300,000[note 1] -  China
35,676,000/13,634,685 -  Greater Tokyo Area/Tokyo Metropolis

Africa
36.7
1,216
0186,987,000 -  Nigeria
21,000,000 -  Lagos

Europe
72.9
738
0145,939,000 -  Russia;
approx. 112 million in Europe)
19,468,664 -  Moscow

North America[note 2]
22.9
579
0324,991,600 -  United States
23,723,696/08,537,673 -  New York Metropolitan Area/New York City

South America
22.8
422
0209,567,000 -  Brazil
27,640,577/11,316,149 -  Metro Area/São Paulo City

Oceania
4.5
39.9
0024,458,800 -  Australia
05,005,400 -  Sydney

Antarctica
0.0003
(varies)
0.004 in summer
(non-permanent, varies)[10]
N/A[note 3]
0000001,200 (non-permanent, varies) - McMurdo Station

text: History[edit]

text: Estimates of world population by their nature are an aspect of modernity, possible only since the Age of Discovery. Early estimates for the population of the world[11] date to the 17th century: William Petty in 1682 estimated world population at 320 million (modern estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with modern estimates).[12] More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 to 1000 million in the early 1800s and at 800 to 1000 million in the 1840s.[13]

text: Antiquity and Middle Ages[edit]

text: Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million.[14][15] Even earlier, genetic evidence suggests humans may have gone through a population bottleneck of between 1,000 and 10,000 people about 70,000 BC, according to the Toba catastrophe theory. By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western Roman Empire in the 4th century AD.[16]

text: The Plague of Justinian, which first emerged during the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian, caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between the 6th and 8th centuries AD.[17] The population of Europe was more than 70 million in 1340.[18] The Black Death pandemic of the 14th century may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million in 1340 to between 350 and 375 million in 1400;[19] it took 200 years for population figures to recover.[20] The population of China decreased from 123 million in 1200 to 65 million in 1393,[21] presumably due to a combination of Mongol invasions, famine, and plague.[22]

text: Starting in AD 2, the Han Dynasty of ancient China kept consistent family registers in order to properly assess the poll taxes and labor service duties of each household.[23] In that year, the population of Western Han was recorded as 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households, decreasing to 47,566,772 individuals in 9,348,227 households by AD 146, towards the End of the Han Dynasty.[23] At the founding of the Ming Dynasty in 1368, China's population was reported to be close to 60 million; toward the end of the dynasty in 1644, it may have approached 150 million.[24] England's population reached an estimated 5.6 million in 1650, up from an estimated 2.6 million in 1500.[25] New crops that were brought to Asia and Europe from the Americas by Portuguese and Spanish colonists in the 16th century are believed to have contributed to population growth.[26][27][28] Since their introduction to Africa by Portuguese traders in the 16th century,[29] maize and cassava have similarly replaced traditional African crops as the most important staple food crops grown on the continent.[30]

text: The pre-Columbian North American population probably numbered somewhere between 2 million and 18 million.[31] Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local epidemics of extraordinary virulence.[32] According to the most extreme scholarly claims, as many as 90% of the Native American population of the New World died due to Old World diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza.[33] Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of immunity to these diseases, while the indigenous peoples had no such immunity.[34]

text: Modern era[edit]

text: During the European Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically.[37] The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829.[38][39] Between 1700 and 1900, Europe’s population increased from about 100 million to over 400 million.[40] Altogether, the areas populated by people of European descent comprised 36% of the world's population in 1900.[41]

text: Population growth in the West became more rapid after the introduction of vaccination and other improvements in medicine and sanitation.[42] Improved material conditions led to the population of Britain increasing from 10 million to 40 million in the 19th century.[43] The population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006.[44] The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010.[45]

text: The first half of the 20th century in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of major wars, famines and other disasters which caused large-scale population losses (approximately 60 million excess deaths).[46][47] After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's population declined significantly – from 150 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012[48] – but by 2013 this decline appeared to have halted.[49]

text: Many countries in the developing world have experienced extremely rapid population growth since the early 20th century, due to economic development and improvements in public health. China's population rose from approximately 430 million in 1850 to 580 million in 1953,[50] and now stands at over 1.3 billion. The population of the Indian subcontinent, which was about 125 million in 1750, increased to 389 million in 1941;[51] today, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are collectively home to about 1.63 billion people.[52] Java had about 5 million inhabitants in 1815; its present-day successor, Indonesia, now has a population of over 140 million.[53] In just one hundred years, the population of Brazil decupled (x10), from about 17 million in 1900, or about 1% of the world population in that year, to about 176 million in 2000, or almost 3% of the global population in the very early 21st century. Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2010.[54][55] Between the 1920s and 2000s, Kenya's population grew from 2.9 million to 37 million.[56]

text: Milestones by the billions[edit]

text:
World population milestones in billions

Population
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Year
1804
1927
1960
1974
1987
1999
2011
2024
2042

Years elapsed
––
123
33
14
13
12
12
13
18

text: It is estimated that the world population reached one billion for the first time in 1804. It was another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to reach three billion in 1960.[57] Thereafter, the global population reached four billion in 1974, five billion in 1987, six billion in 1999 and, according to the United States Census Bureau, seven billion in March 2012.[58] The United Nations, however, estimated that the world population reached seven billion in October 2011.[59][60][61]

text: According to current projections, the global population will reach eight billion by 2024, and will likely reach around nine billion by 2042. Alternative scenarios for 2050 range from a low of 7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion.[62] Projected figures vary depending on underlying statistical assumptions and the variables used in projection calculations, especially the fertility variable. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the "low scenario", to "high scenarios" of 24.8 billion.[62] One extreme scenario predicted a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming the global fertility rate remained at its 1995 level of 3.04 children per woman; however, by 2010 the global fertility rate had declined to 2.52.[63][64]

text: There is no estimation for the exact day or month the world's population surpassed one or two billion. The points at which it reached three and four billion were not officially noted, but the International Database of the United States Census Bureau placed them in July 1959 and April 1974 respectively. The United Nations did determine, and commemorate, the "Day of 5 Billion" on July 11, 1987, and the "Day of 6 Billion" on October 12, 1999. The Population Division of the United Nations declared the "Day of 7 Billion" to be October 31, 2011.[65]

text: Global demographics[edit]

text:
80+
  77.5+
  75+
  72.5+
  70+
  67.5+
  65+

  60+
  55+
  50+
  45+
  40+
  less than 40

text: As of 2012, the global sex ratio is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female. The greater number of men is possibly due to the significant sex imbalances evident in the Indian and Chinese populations.[67][68] Approximately 26.3% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.9% is aged 15–64 and 7.9% is aged 65 or over.[67] The median age of the world's population was estimated to be 29.7 years in 2014,[69] and is expected to rise to 37.9 years by 2050.[70]

text: According to the World Health Organization, the global average life expectancy is 70.5 years as of 2012, with women living an average of 73 years and men approximately 68 years.[66] In 2010, the global fertility rate was estimated at 2.52 children per woman.[64] In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as approximately 287 million tonnes, with the average person weighing around 62 kilograms (137 lb).[71]

text: The CIA estimated nominal 2013 gross world product at US$74.31 trillion, giving an annual global per capita figure of around US$10,500.[72] Around 1.29 billion people (18.4% of the world population) live in extreme poverty, subsisting on less than US$1.25 per day;[73] approximately 870 million people (12.25%) are undernourished.[74] 83% of the world's over-15s are considered literate.[67] In June 2014, there were around 3.03 billion global Internet users, constituting 42.3% of the world population.[75]

text: The Han Chinese are the world's largest single ethnic group, constituting over 19% of the global population in 2011.[76] The world's most-spoken first languages are Mandarin Chinese (spoken by 12.44% of the world's population), Spanish (4.85%), English (4.83%), Arabic (3.25%) and Hindustani (2.68%).[67] The world's largest religion is Christianity, whose adherents account for 31% of the global population; Islam is the second-largest religion, accounting for 24.1%, and Hinduism the third, accounting for 13.78%.[67] In 2005, around 16% of the global population were reported to be non-religious.[77]

text: Largest populations by country[edit]

text:
10 most populous countries

Rank
Country / Territory
Population
Date
Approx. % of world
population
Source

1
 China[note 4]
1,390,400,000
April 17, 2018
18.3%
[78]

2
 India
1,330,560,000
April 17, 2018
17.5%
[79]

3
 United States
326,978,000
April 17, 2018
4.29%
[80]

4
 Indonesia
261,600,000
October 31, 2016
3.43%
[81]

5
 Pakistan
211,268,000
April 17, 2018
2.77%
[82]

6
 Brazil
208,929,000
April 17, 2018
2.74%
[83]

7
 Nigeria
188,500,000
October 31, 2016
2.47%
[84]

8
 Bangladesh
164,344,000
April 17, 2018
2.16%
[85]

9
 Russia[note 5]
146,773,226
June 1, 2017
1.93%
[86]

10
 Japan
126,670,000
September 1, 2017
1.66%
[87]

text: Approximately 4.3 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around 58% of the world's population as of March 2016. Approximately 3.7 billion people, or half of the world population, live in the six most populous countries.[88]

text: Most densely populated countries[edit]

text: The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations.

text:
10 most densely populated countries (with population above 5 million)

Rank
Country
Population
Area (km2)
Density
(Pop. per km2)

1
 Singapore
5,612,300
710
7,905

2
 Bangladesh
164,340,000
143,998
1,141

3
 Taiwan
23,562,318
36,190
651

4
 South Korea
51,446,201
99,538
517

5
 Lebanon
6,082,000
10,452
582

6
 Rwanda
11,809,295
26,338
448

7
 Netherlands
17,210,000
41,526
415

8
 Haiti
10,911,819
27,065
403

9
 India
1,330,560,000
3,287,240
405

10
 Israel
8,840,000
22,072
401

text:
Countries ranking highly in both total population (more than 20 million people) and population density (more than 250 people per square kilometer):

Rank
Country
Population
Area (km2)
Density
(Pop. per km2)
Notes

1
 India
1,330,560,000
3,287,240
405
Growing population

2
 Pakistan
211,270,000
803,940
263
Rapidly growing population

3
 Bangladesh
164,340,000
143,998
1,141
Rapidly growing population

4
 Japan
126,670,000
377,873
335
Declining population[89]

5
 Philippines
105,740,000
300,000
352
Growing population

6
 Vietnam
93,700,000
331,689
282
Growing population

7
 United Kingdom
65,648,100
243,610
269
Slowly growing population

8
 South Korea
51,446,201
99,538
517
Slowly growing population

9
 Taiwan
23,562,318
36,190
651
Steady population

10
 Sri Lanka
21,444,000
65,610
327
Growing population

text: Fluctuation[edit]

text: Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the mortality rate in many countries by improved sanitation and medical advances, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the Green Revolution.[90][91][92]

text: In 2000, the United Nations estimated that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.14% (equivalent to around 75 million people),[93] down from a peak of 88 million per year in 1989. By 2000, there were approximately ten times as many people on Earth as there had been in 1700. Globally, the population growth rate has been steadily declining from its peak of 2.19% in 1963, but growth remains high in Latin America, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa.[94]

text:
7–8 children
  6–7 children

  5–6 children
  4–5 children

  3–4 children
  2–3 children

  1–2 children
  0–1 children

text: During the 2010s, Japan and some countries in Europe began to encounter negative population growth (i.e. a net decrease in population over time), due to sub-replacement fertility rates.[89]

text: In 2006, the United Nations stated that the rate of population growth was visibly diminishing due to the ongoing global demographic transition. If this trend continues, the rate of growth may diminish to zero by 2050, concurrent with a world population plateau of 9.2 billion.[95] However, this is only one of many estimates published by the UN; in 2009, UN population projections for 2050 ranged between around 8 billion and 10.5 billion.[96] An alternative scenario is given by the statistician Jorgen Randers, who argues that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" reveals a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline.[97] Adrian Raftery, a University of Washington professor of statistics and of sociology, states that "there’s a 70 percent probability the world population will not stabilize this century. Population, which had sort of fallen off the world’s agenda, remains a very important issue."[98]

text:
Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC–AD 2000

Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC–AD 2000 (in log y scale)

World population figures, 1950–2000

Estimated global growth rates, 1950–2050

Estimated and projected populations of the world and its continents (except Antarctica) from 1950 to 2100. The shaded regions correspond to the range of projections by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

text: Population growth by region[edit]

text: The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions.[99][100][101] The availability of historical population figures varies by region.

text:
World historical and predicted populations (in millions)[102][103][104]

Region
1500
1600
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
1999
2008
2010
2012
2050
2150

World
585
660
710
791
978
1,262
1,650
2,521
6,008
6,707
6,896
7,052
9,725
9,746

Africa
86
114
106
106
107
111
133
221
783
973
1,022
1,052
2,478
2,308

Asia
282
350
411
502
635
809
947
1,402
3,700
4,054
4,164
4,250
5,267
5,561

Europe
168
170
178
190
203
276
408
547
675
732
738
740
734
517

Latin America[Note 1]
40
20
10
16
24
38
74
167
508
577
590
603
784
912

North America[Note 1]
6
3
2
2
7
26
82
172
312
337
345
351
433
398

Oceania
3
3
3
2
2
2
6
13
30
34
37
38
57
51

text:
World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution[102][103]

Region
1500
1600
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
1999
2008
2010
2012
2050
2150

World
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Africa
14.7
17.3
14.9
13.4
10.9
8.8
8.1
8.8
13.0
14.5
14.8
15.2
25.48
23.7

Asia
48.2
53.0
57.9
63.5
64.9
64.1
57.4
55.6
61.6
60.4
60.4
60.3
54.16
57.1

Europe
28.7
25.8
25.1
20.6
20.8
21.9
24.7
21.7
11.2
10.9
10.7
10.5
7.55
5.3

Latin America[Note 1]
6.8
3.0
1.4
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.5
6.6
8.5
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.06
9.4

North America[Note 1]
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.7
2.1
5.0
6.8
5.2
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.45
4.1

Oceania
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.59
0.5

text: Past population[edit]

text: The following table gives estimates, in millions, of population in the past. The data for 1750 to 1900 are from the UN report "The World at Six Billion"[105] whereas the data from 1950 to 2015 are from a UN data sheet.[8]

text:
Year
World
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America & Carib.[Note 1]
North America[Note 1]
Oceania
Notes

70,000 BC
< 0.015

0
0

[106]

10,000 BC
4

[107]

8000 BC
5

6500 BC
5

5000 BC
5

4000 BC
7

3000 BC
14

2000 BC
27

1000 BC
50
7
33
9

[citation needed]

500 BC
100
14
66
16

AD 1
200
23
141
28

1000
400
70
269
50
8
1
2

1500
458
86
243
84
39
3
3

1600
580
114
339
111
10
3
3

1700
682
106
436
125
10
2
3

1750
791
106
502
163
16
2
2

1800
1,000
107
656
203
24
7
3

1850
1,262
111
809
276
38
26
2

1900
1,650
133
947
408
74
82
6

1950
2,525
229
1,394
549
169
172
12.7
[108]

1955
2,758
254
1,534
577
193
187
14.2

1960
3,018
285
1,687
606
221
204
15.8

1965
3,322
322
1,875
635
254
219
17.5

1970
3,682
366
2,120
657
288
231
19.7

1975
4,061
416
2,378
677
326
242
21.5

1980
4,440
478
2,626
694
365
254
23.0

1985
4,853
550
2,897
708
406
267
24.9

1990
5,310
632
3,202
721
447
281
27.0

1995
5,735
720
3,475
728
487
296
29.1

2000
6,127
814
3,714
726
527
314
31.1

2005
6,520
920
3,945
729
564
329
33.4

2010
6,930
1,044
4,170
735
600
344
36.4

2015
7,349
1,186
4,393
738
634
358
39.3

text: Using the above figures, the change in population from 2010 to 2015 was:

text:
World: +420 million
Africa: +142 million
Asia: +223 million
Europe: +3 million
Latin America and Caribbean: +35 million
Northern America: +14 million
Oceania: +2.9 million

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Northern America comprises the northern-most countries and territories of North America: Canada, the United States, Greenland, Bermuda, and St. Pierre and Miquelon. Latin America comprises Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

tag: ol

text: Projections[edit]

text: Long-term global population growth is difficult to predict. The United Nations and the US Census Bureau both give different estimates – according to the UN, the world population reached seven billion in late 2011,[99] while the USCB asserted that this occurred in March 2012.[110] The UN has issued multiple projections of future world population, based on different assumptions. From 2000 to 2005, the UN consistently revised these projections downward, until the 2006 revision, issued on March 14, 2007, revised the 2050 mid-range estimate upwards by 273 million.

text: Average global birth rates are declining fast, but vary greatly between developed countries (where birth rates are often at or below replacement levels) and developing countries (where birth rates typically remain high). Different ethnicities also display varying birth rates. Death rates can change rapidly due to disease epidemics, wars and other mass catastrophes, or advances in medicine.

text: 2012 United projections show a continued increase in population in the near future with a steady decline in population growth rate; the global population is expected to reach between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by 2050.[111][112] 2003 UN Population Division population projections for the year 2150 range between 3.2 and 24.8 billion.[63] One of many independent mathematical models supports the lower estimate,[113] while a 2014 estimate forecasts between 9.3 and 12.6 billion in 2100, and continued growth thereafter.[114][115] Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of further world population growth, highlighting the growing pressures on the environment, global food supplies, and energy resources.[116][117][118]

text:
UN (medium variant – 2012 revision) and US Census Bureau (June 2015) estimates[119][120]

Year
UN est.
(millions)
Difference
USCB est.
(millions)
Difference

2005
6,514
–
6,473
–

2010
6,916
402
6,866
393

2015
7,324
408
7,256
390

2020
7,717
393
7,643
380

2025
8,083
366
8,007
363

2030
8,425
342
8,341
334

2035
8,743
318
8,646
306

2040
9,039
296
8,926
280

2045
9,308
269
9,180
254

2050
9,551
243
9,408
228

text:
UN 2012 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions)[119]

Year
World
Asia
Africa
Europe
Latin America/Caribbean
Northern America
Oceania

2010
6,916
4,165 (60.2%)
1,031 (14.9%)
740 (10.7%)
596 (8.6%)
347 (5.0%)
37 (0.5%)

2015
7,324
4,385 (59.9%)
1,166 (15.9%)
743 (10.1%)
630 (8.6%)
361 (4.9%)
39 (0.5%)

2020
7,717
4,582 (59.4%)
1,312 (17.0%)
744 (9.6%)
662 (8.6%)
376 (4.9%)
42 (0.5%)

2025
8,083
4,749 (58.8%)
1,468 (18.2%)
741 (9.2%)
691 (8.5%)
390 (4.8%)
45 (0.6%)

2030
8,425
4,887 (58.0%)
1,634 (19.4%)
736 (8.7%)
717 (8.5%)
403 (4.8%)
47 (0.6%)

2035
8,743
4,997 (57.2%)
1,812 (20.7%)
730 (8.3%)
739 (8.5%)
415 (4.8%)
50 (0.6%)

2040
9,039
5,080 (56.2%)
1,999 (22.1%)
724 (8.0%)
757 (8.4%)
426 (4.8%)
52 (0.6%)

2045
9,308
5,136 (55.2%)
2,194 (23.6%)
717 (7.7%)
771 (8.3%)
436 (4.7%)
55 (0.6%)

2050
9,551
5,164 (54.1%)
2,393 (25.1%)
709 (7.4%)
782 (8.2%)
446 (4.7%)
57 (0.6%)

2055
9,766
5,168 (52.9%)
2,595 (26.6%)
700 (7.2%)
788 (8.1%)
456 (4.7%)
59 (0.6%)

2060
9,957
5,152 (51.7%)
2,797 (28.1%)
691 (6.9%)
791 (7.9%)
465 (4.7%)
61 (0.6%)

2065
10,127
5,120 (50.6%)
2,998 (29.6%)
681 (6.7%)
791 (7.8%)
474 (4.7%)
63 (0.6%)

2070
10,277
5,075 (49.4%)
3,195 (31.1%)
673 (6.5%)
788 (7.6%)
482 (4.7%)
64 (0.6%)

2075
10,409
5,019 (48.2%)
3,387 (32.5%)
665 (6.4%)
783 (7.5%)
490 (4.7%)
66 (0.6%)

2080
10,524
4,957 (47.1%)
3,570 (33.9%)
659 (6.3%)
776 (7.4%)
496 (4.7%)
67 (0.6%)

2085
10,626
4,894 (46.1%)
3,742 (35.2%)
653 (6.1%)
767 (7.2%)
502 (4.7%)
68 (0.6%)

2090
10,717
4,833 (45.1%)
3,903 (36.4%)
649 (6.1%)
757 (7.1%)
506 (4.7%)
69 (0.6%)

2095
10,794
4,773 (44.2%)
4,051 (37.6%)
644 (6.0%)
747 (6.9%)
510 (4.7%)
69 (0.6%)

2100
10,854
4,712 (43.4%)
4,185 (38.6%)
639 (5.9%)
736 (6.8%)
513 (4.7%)
70 (0.6%)

text: Mathematical approximations[edit]

text: In 1975, Sebastian von Hoerner proposed a formula for population growth which represented hyperbolic growth with an infinite population in 2025.[121] The hyperbolic growth of the world population observed until the 1970s was later correlated to a non-linear second order positive feedback between demographic growth and technological development. This feedback can be described as follows: technological advance → increase in the carrying capacity of land for people → demographic growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological advance → accelerating growth of the carrying capacity → faster population growth → accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors → faster technological advance → hence, the faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people, and so on.[122] The transition from hyperbolic growth to slower rates of growth is related to the demographic transition.

text: According to the Russian demographer Sergey Kapitsa,[123] the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula:

text: where

text:
N is current population
T is the current year
C = (1.86±0.01)·1011
T0 = 2007±1

τ

{\displaystyle \tau }

 = 42±1

text: Years for world population to double[edit]

text: According to linear interpolation and extrapolation of UNDESA population estimates, the world population has doubled, or will double, in the years listed in the tables below (with two different starting points). During the 2nd millennium, each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. However, after 2024, it is unlikely that there will be another doubling of the global population in the 21st century.[124]

text:
Starting at 500 million

Population
(in billions)
0.5
1
2
4
8

Year
1500
1804
1927
1974
2024

Years elapsed
304
123
47
50

text:
Starting at 375 million

Population
(in billions)
0.375
0.75
1.5
3
6

Year
1171
1715
1881
1960
1999

Years elapsed
544
166
79
39

text: Overpopulation[edit]

text: Predictions of scarcity[edit]

text: In his 1798 work An Essay on the Principle of Population, the British scholar Thomas Malthus incorrectly predicted that continued population growth would exhaust the global food supply by the mid-19th century. Malthus wrote the essay to refute what he considered the unattainable utopian ideas of William Godwin and Marquis de Condorcet, as presented in Political Justice and The Future Progress of the Human Mind. In 1968, Paul R. Ehrlich reprised Malthus' argument in The Population Bomb, predicting that mass global famine would occur in the 1970s and 1980s.[126]

text: The predictions of Ehrlich and other neo-Malthusians were vigorously challenged by a number of economists, notably Julian Lincoln Simon, and advances in agriculture, collectively known as the Green Revolution, forestalled any potential global famine in the late 20th century. Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%.[127] The world population has grown by over four billion since the beginning of the Green Revolution, but food production has so far kept pace with population growth. Most scholars believe that, without the Revolution, there would be greater levels of famine and malnutrition than the UN presently documents.[128] However, neo-Malthusians point out that fossil fuels provided the energy for the Green Revolution, in the form of natural gas-derived fertilizers, oil-derived pesticides, and hydrocarbon-fueled irrigation, and that many crops have become so genetically uniform that a crop failure in any one country could potentially have global repercussions.[129]

text: In 2004, a meta-analysis of 70 quantitative studies estimating a sustainable limit to the world population generated a meta-estimate of 7.7 billion people.[130]

text: In May 2008, the price of grain was pushed up severely by the increased cultivation of biofuels, the increase of world oil prices to over $140 per barrel ($880/m3),[131] global population growth,[132] the effects of climate change,[133] the loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,[134][135] and growing consumer demand in the population centres of China and India.[136][137] Food riots subsequently occurred in some countries.[138][139] However, oil prices then fell sharply. Resource demands are expected to ease as population growth declines, but it is unclear whether mass food wastage and rising living standards in developing countries will once again create resource shortages.[140][141]

text: David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at Cornell University, estimates that the sustainable agricultural carrying capacity for the United States is about 200 million people; its population as of 2015 is over 300 million.[142] In 2009, the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor John Beddington, warned that growing populations, falling energy reserves and food shortages would create a "perfect storm" of shortages of food, water, and energy by 2030.[125][143] According to a 2009 report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the world will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to feed a projected extra 2.3 billion people.[144]

text: The observed figures for 2007 showed an actual increase in absolute numbers of undernourished people in the world, with 923 million undernourished in 2007, versus 832 million in 1995.[145] The 2009 FAO estimates showed an even more dramatic increase, to 1.02 billion.[146]

text: Environmental impacts[edit]

text: A number of scientists have argued that the current global population expansion and accompanying increase in resource consumption threatens the world's ecosystem.[147][148] The InterAcademy Panel Statement on Population Growth, which was ratified by 58 member national academies in 1994, states that "unprecedented" population growth aggravates many environmental problems, including rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, global warming, and pollution.[149] Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment.[117] The situation has continued to worsen, as at the time of the 1994 IAP statement, the world population stood at 5.5 billion and lower-bound scenarios predicted a peak of 7.8 billion by 2050, a number that current estimates state will be reached in the late 2020s.

text: Scientists contend that human overpopulation, continued human population growth and overconsumption, particularly by the wealthy, are the primary drivers of mass species extinction.[150][151][152][153] By 2050 population growth, along with profligate consumption, could result in oceans containing more plastic than fish by weight.[152] In November 2017, a statement by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries asserted that rapid human population growth is the "primary driver behind many ecological and even societal threats."[154]

text: A July 2017 study published in Environmental Research Letters argued that the most significant way individuals could mitigate their own carbon footprint is to have fewer children, followed by living without a vehicle, forgoing air travel and adopting a plant-based diet.[155]

text: Population control[edit]

text: Human population control is the practice of intervening to alter the rate of population growth. Historically, human population control has been implemented by limiting a region's birth rate, by voluntary contraception or by government mandate. It has been undertaken as a response to factors including high or increasing levels of poverty, environmental concerns, and religious reasons. The use of abortion in some population control strategies has caused controversy,[156] with religious organizations such as the Roman Catholic Church explicitly opposing any intervention in the human reproductive process.[157]

text: The University of Nebraska publication Green Illusions argues that population control to alleviate environmental pressures need not be coercive. It states that "Women who are educated, economically engaged, and in control of their own bodies can enjoy the freedom of bearing children at their own pace, which happens to be a rate that is appropriate for the aggregate ecological endowment of our planet."[158] The book Fatal Misconception by Matthew Connelly similarly points to the importance of supporting the rights of women in bringing population levels down over time.[159]

text: Overpopulation skepticism[edit]

text: The Population Research Institute (PRI), an anti-abortion, anti-contraception advocacy group, has criticised predictions of overpopulation and attendant resource scarcity, with some describing overpopulation as a "myth".[160] The PRI argues that advances in agricultural, medical, and industrial technology have allowed global economic productivity to keep pace with rising populations despite Malthusian predictions to the contrary. PRI further says that family sizes are naturally declining worldwide due to higher living standards, increased availability of contraception and better economic opportunities for women. However, other commentators have described PRI's arguments on overpopulation as deceptive.[161][162][163]


document_title: Worst Cooks in America

question_text: who won season 8 of worst cooks in america

root

text: Worst Cooks in America

text: History[edit]

text: The show premiered on January 3, 2010. The show was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the finale of Season 7, a trailer previewing Season 8 was shown and was aired in January 2016 with the return of Tyler Florence.

tag: p

text: Season 1: 2010[edit]

text: Chefs Beau MacMillan and Anne Burrell lead an intense culinary boot camp. They have six recruits each, and every week they must eliminate one recruit from each of their teams until there is only one from each team left. The final two create a three-course meal to fool a panel of restaurant critics into believing that the meal was created by the acclaimed chefs.

text: Recruits[edit]

text: Twelve chefs competed in the first season of Worst Cooks in America. Hometowns and occupations are available from the Food Network website.[3][4] Chef Anne's team was known as the Red Team and Chef Beau's team was known as the Blue Team.

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Rachel Coleman

23

Brooklyn, New York

Marketing Website editor

Winner February 1

Jennifer "Jenny" Cross

21

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Waitress

Runner-up February 1

Jennifer "Jen" Vecchio

38

Cumberland, Rhode Island

Dance Studio Owner

Eliminated January 31

Eddie Chang

32

Jersey City, New Jersey

IT project manager

Marque Hernandez

41

Brea, California

Director of Clinical Operations

Eliminated January 24

Rebecca Hooper

43

Sandy, Utah

Salon Owner

Sophia Gettys

27

Aurora, Colorado

Stay-at-home Mom

Eliminated January 17

Susie Shoman

53

Georgetown, South Carolina

Grants administrator and entrepreneur

Kelly Johnson

31

Scottsdale, Arizona

Corporate litigation attorney

Eliminated January 10

David Summey

29

Charlotte, North Carolina

Salesman

Wilhelmina Josephine

29

Aliso Viejo, California

Insurance claims adjuster

Eliminated January 3

Hamed Hamad

24

North Hollywood, California

Journalist and fashion consultant

tag: table

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Rachel

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM 4
WIN
WINNER

2

Jenny*

IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM 4
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Jen

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Eddie

BTM 4
WIN
BTM 4
BTM 4
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Marque

WIN
WIN
BTM 4
BTM 4
IN
OUT

6

Rebecca

WIN
BTM 4
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

7

Sophia*

IN
IN
IN
OUT

8

Susie

IN
BTM 4
IN
OUT

9

Kelly

IN
OUT

10

David

BTM 4
OUT

11

Wilhelmina

OUT

12

Hamed

OUT

text: Season 2: 2011[edit]

text: Casting for season 2 of Worst Cooks in America was held at the LA Marriott Burbank Airport, Hotel & Convention Center on March 27, 2010.[5] The Food Network also began accepting online video applications for season 2.[6] Food Network's website announced that Robert Irvine would replace Beau MacMillan for season 2. Season 2 debuted on January 2, 2011.[7] In this season the chefs had eight recruits each.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Joshie Berger

36

Brooklyn, New York

Attorney

Winner February 20

Georgann "Georg" Coleman

38

Chicago, Illinois

Speech pathologist

Runner-up February 20

Carlos Manuel

28

Atlanta, Georgia

Banker

Eliminated February 13

Kelsey Milos

22

Kings, Illinois

Hair stylist

Kat Rose

37

Newnan, Georgia

Stay-at-home mother

Eliminated February 6

Tyrone "Ty" Miller

33

Trenton, New Jersey

Property manager

Jennifer "Jen" MacLean

43

Sparta, New Jersey

Operating room nurse

Eliminated January 30

Kelly Gray

32

New York, New York

Aerobics instructor

Erika Rumsey

27

Elgin, Illinois

Account manager

Eliminated January 23

Anna Altomari

44

Aliso Viejo, California

RN Case manager

Priscilla Harden

60

Sugar Land, Texas

Retired teacher

Eliminated January 16

Matt Crespi

24

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

PhD Student

Anthony Scinto

32

Crestwood, Illinois

Mechanical engineer

Eliminated January 9

Jeff Longcor

25

Somerville, Massachusetts

Environmental contractor

Lina Yu

28

Arcadia, California

Production manager

Eliminated January 2

Eric Ricupero

34

Quincy, Massachusetts

Bar owner

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode

Rank

Contestant

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Joshie

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

9th

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

WINNER

2

Georg

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Carlos

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

6th

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

OUT

4

Kelsey*

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

2nd

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

OUT

5

Kat*

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

BTM

OUT

6

Ty

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

3rd

IN

BTM

OUT

7

Jen

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

7th

IN

OUT

8

Kelly

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

5th

WIN

OUT

9

Erika

BTM

WIN

IN

WIN

IN

8th

OUT

10

Anna

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

4th

OUT

11

Priscilla

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

12

Matt

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

OUT

13

Anthony

IN

IN

OUT

14

Jeff

IN

BTM

OUT

15

Lina

OUT

16

Eric

OUT

text: Differences between seasons 1 and 2[edit]

text: In the first episode, a group of selected novice cooks were to prepare a dish from scratch so the chefs would get an idea of how poor their skills were. After tasting all the items, the chefs took turns picking team members for their rival chef. The first season started off with 24 novice cooks but only the worst 12 were chosen for a team. In the second season, the first episode began with 16 amateurs and all took part for the remainder of that episode.

text: In the penultimate episode of the season, the remaining four recruits learned and replicated a dessert. After this, in the first season, the recruits had to instruct a group of high school students how to replicate the dessert recipe. In the second one, the recruits were assigned the dessert to serve after both chefs, and a special guest enjoyed a main dish.

text: After learning and replicating a dessert, the recruits had to prepare a meal for both chefs and a surprise guest, usually a spouse or other family member. The first season’s main dishes were an improved version of the recruits’ audition meal. The special guests in the second season got to choose what they wanted the students to make them.

text: Two recruits remained in the final episode and had to prepare an appetizer, main dish, and dessert for a panel of three food critics. The critics in season 1 thought that the final meal was prepared by the chefs until after they sampled all the courses. In season 2, the critics learned their meal was prepared by the recruits immediately after entering the restaurant.

text: Season 3: 2012[edit]

text: Anne Burrell and Bobby Flay hosted season 3 replacing Robert Irvine.[8][9]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Kelli Powers

40

Los Angeles, California

Stay-at-home mother

Winner April 1

Vinnie Caligiuri

47

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Mortgage broker

Runner-up April 1

Melissa Rhodes

28

Naples, Florida

Nursing Student

Eliminated March 25

David Shelton

26

Longview, Texas

Unemployed

Tiffany Michelle

27

Los Angeles, California

Poker player and actress

Eliminated March 18

Dorothy Strouhal

38

Cove, Texas

Make-up artist

Anthony Schiano

33

Massapequa, New York

Mechanical engineer

Eliminated March 11

Benjamin Dennis

37

Dallas, Texas

Stay-at-home father

Quit March 11

Sean "Bennett" Bennett

36

New York City

Automotive Spokesperson

Eliminated March 4

Sarina Weeraprajuk

31

West Covina, California

Wedding photographer

Erica Weidner

53

Long Beach, New York

Court Reporter Student

Eliminated February 26

Robert "Bob" Tamke

44

Massapequa Park, New York

DJ

Sherrill Moss-Solomon

55

New York, New York

Fundraiser

Eliminated February 19

Rachel Margolin

31

New York, New York

Night Club Promoter

Richard Chen

55

Queens, New York

Attorney

Eliminated February 12

Libby Floyd

46

Eden Prairie, Minnesota

ShopNBC host[10]

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Kelli

WIN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Vinnie

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Melissa1

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

David1

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

5

Tiffany

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

6

Dorothy

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

OUT

7

Anthony

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

OUT

8

Benjamin

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

QUIT

9

Bennett

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

BTM

OUT

10

Sarina

BTM

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

11

Erica

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

12

Bob

IN

WIN

IN

IN

OUT

13

Sherrill

IN

BTM

OUT

14

Rachel

BTM

BTM

OUT

15

Richard

OUT

16

Libby

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3, Team Bobby (blue team) won the first challenge, he therefore got to choose one person from Team Anne (red team) to go to his team, and then choose one person from his team to go to the other team. He chose David to go to Team Anne's team and chose Melissa from Team Anne's team to join his team.

text: Season 4: 2013[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Alina Bolshakova

28

Riga, Latvia

Caretaker/Actress

Winner March 31

Rasheeda Brown

30

Germantown, Maryland

Correctional Officer

Runner-up March 31

Chet Pourciau

40

New Orleans, Louisiana

Interior Designer

Eliminated March 24

Suzanne "Sue" Mangogna

42

Northport, New York

Single Mother

Carla Johnson

47

Long Beach, California

Alcohol & Drug Counselor

Eliminated March 17

Michael Haydin

25

Rye Brook, New York

Accountant

Carrie Lee Riggins

32

Carmel, New York

Ballerina/Actress

Eliminated March 10

Crystal Lonneberg

30

Weehawken, New Jersey

Actress/Artist

Aadip Desai

36

Sacramento, California

Writer/Musician

Eliminated March 3

Alex Stein

26

Dallas, Texas

Bail Bondsman

Michael "Big Mike" Paul

24

Thomson, Georgia

Woodworker

Eliminated February 24

Robert "Dr. Bob" Schaefer

58

Pleasant Hill, California

Chiropractor

Tim Burger

42

Novi, Michigan

Former Marine

Eliminated February 17

Diana De Rosa

62

Huntington, New York

Photographer

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Alina

BTM

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Rasheeda

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

BTM

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Chet

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Sue

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

OUT

5

Carla

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

OUT

6

Michael

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

7

Carrie Lee

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

8

Crystal

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

OUT

9

Aadip

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

10

Alex

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

11

Mike

IN

BTM

OUT

12

Bob

BTM

BTM

OUT

13

Tim

OUT

14

Diana

OUT

text: Season 5: 2014[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Amber Brauner

37

Redlands, California

Tattoo Artist

Winner March 31

Jamie Thomas

41

New York, New York

Flight Attendant

Runner-up March 31

Daniel "Danny" Beyda

43

Long Island, New York

Radiologist

Eliminated March 24

Mike Glazer

30

Chicago, Illinois

Writer

Carie Pullano-Keller

34

Chester, Virginia

Promotional Model

Eliminated March 17

Stephanie St. Aubin

26

Washington, DC

Secretary

Danielle Ruiz-Wiley

25

Staten Island, New York

Stay at Home Mom

Eliminated March 10

Carol Holder

64

New York, New York

Real Estate Broker

Joe Slaughter

28

Los Angeles, California

Actor/Dancer

Eliminated March 3

Ken Hsu

29

Seattle, Washington

Personal Trainer

Lance Green

31

New York, New York

Music Producer

Eliminated February 24

Benjamin "Benji" Hunter Brown III

29

Nashville, Tennessee

Live Music Booking Agent

Muneerah Warner

33

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstinence Advisor

Eliminated February 16

Casey Pentony

26

Hollywood, California

Nurse

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4

5
6
7

1

Amber

WIN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

BTM

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Jamie

WIN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Danny

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Mike

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

5

Carie1

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

6

Stephanie1

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

OUT

7

Danielle

IN

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

8

Carol

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

OUT

9

Joe

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

OUT

10

Ken

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

11

Lance

BTM

IN

OUT

12

Benji

BTM

IN

OUT

13

Muneerah

OUT

14

Casey

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3 Team Anne (red team) won the first challenge, she therefore got to choose one person from Team Bobby (blue team) to go to her team, and then chose one person from her team to go to the other team. She chose Stephanie to go to Team Bobby's team and chose Carie from Team Bobby's team to join her team.

text: Season 6: 2015[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host seasons 6, replacing Bobby Flay after 3 seasons. The season premiered on January 4, 2015 to 2,123,000 viewers.[11] The second episode was lower at 1,456,000 viewers,[12] with the third episode rising to 1,732,000 viewers[13] and the fourth episode reached 1,689,000 viewers.[14] the 5th episode reached 1,634,000 viewers. The sixth episode received 1.55 million viewers.[15]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Kristen Redmond

25

Austin, Texas

Singer/Songwriter

Winner February 15

Genique Freeman

33

Fayetteville, North Carolina

Esthetician

Runner-up February 15

Leopold "Leo" Nunan

36

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Performance Artist

Eliminated February 8

Sarah Bettendorf

33

Los Angeles, California

Art Teacher

Norman Wilson

46

Detroit, Michigan

Executive Protection

Eliminated February 1

Sharif Dean

27

Los Angeles, California

Personal Trainer

David Eric Rosenberg

51

Las Vegas, Nevada

Theatre Usher

Eliminated January 25

Kortni Montgomery

25

New Orleans, Louisiana

Customer Service Rep

Michael "Six" Muldoon

25

Queens, New York

Magician

Eliminated January 18

Mike Kennedy

45

Scottsdale, Arizona

Private Investigator

Stephanie Streisand*

25

Los Angeles, California

Writer

Withdrew January 11

Susie Babin

61

Bush, Louisiana

Retired

Eliminated January 11

Jason Dixon

30

Chicago, Illinois

Artist

Eliminated January 5

Christina Oster

38

Zion, Illinois

Single Mom

text: Contestant Stephanie Streisand was deemed too ill to continue on January 11

tag: ul

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Kristen

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Genique

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Leo

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

WIN

OUT

4

Sarah

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

BTM

IN

WIN

WIN

BTM

WIN

OUT

5

Norman

WIN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

IN

WIN

OUT

6

Sharif

IN

WIN

BTM

WIN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

7

David

BTM

IN

BTM

IN

WIN

BTM

OUT

8

Kortni

BTM

IN

BTM

BTM

WIN

BTM

OUT

9

Six

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

10

Mike

IN

BTM

IN

IN

OUT

11

Stephanie

IN

IN

WDR

12

Susie

IN

BTM

OUT

13

Jason

OUT

14

Christina

OUT

text: Season 7: Celebrity Edition[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 7. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. Because this season had only 7 total recruits, each team's worst recruit from that week's Main Dish challenge competed head to head in a quickfire elimination challenge instead of eliminating both recruits each week. This challenge involved more basic cooking techniques (e.g. knife skills) and the winner would be decided by a blind judging from both Anne and Rachael. The winning recruit stayed in the competition while the losing recruit was eliminated.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Jenni "JWoww" Farley

29

Reality Television Star

Winner October 28

Kendra Wilkinson

30

Former Playboy Model & Television Personality

Runner-up October 28

Ellen Cleghorne

49

Saturday Night Live Actress

Eliminated October 21

Barry Williams

60

The Brady Bunch Actor

Eliminated October 14

Chris Soules

33

The Bachelor Star

Eliminated October 7

Jaleel White

38

Actor, Television Host

Eliminated September 30

Dean Cain

48

Television Actor

Eliminated September 23

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

Jenni

IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Kendra

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
BTM
RUNNER-UP

3

Ellen

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Barry

BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Chris

WIN
IN
OUT

6

Jaleel

IN
OUT

7

Dean

OUT

text: Season 8: 2016[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 8.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Nick Slater

24

Rancho Cucamonga, California

Construction Worker

Winner February 14

Lawrence Crawford

26

Deptford, New Jersey

Army Combat Medic

Runner-up February 14

Ginny Meerman

50

Millersville, Maryland

Project Supervisor

Eliminated February 7

Taylor Hooper

24

Boston, Massachusetts

Marine Veteran

Holgie Forrester

66

Twentynine Palms, California

Retired/Actress

Eliminated January 31

Chanda Havard

36

Chicago, Illinois

Real Estate Agent

Donna Koen

60

Newburyport, Massachusetts

Lunch Lady & Hairdresser

Eliminated January 24

Rachel Thomas

27

Tampa, Florida

Stay-at-Home Wife

Ernie Adkins

44

Mardela Springs, Maryland

Truck driver

Eliminated January 17

Glenda Galeano

40

Miami, Florida

Event Coordinator/Actress

Ty Snow

39

Pasadena, California

Special Education Teacher

Eliminated January 10

Cindy Nguyen

28

Las Vegas, Nevada

Bartender

David Fouts

42

Wales, Wisconsin

Senior Project Manager

Eliminated January 4

Jeni Erdman

51

Dousman, Wisconsin

Group Tour Coordinator

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Nick

WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
WINNER

2

Lawrence

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Ginny

WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Taylor

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
TIE
OUT

5

Holgie

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Chanda

BTM
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Donna

IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

8

Rachel

BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Ernie

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

10

Glenda

IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

11

Ty

IN
IN
OUT

12

Cindy

IN
IN
OUT

13

David

OUT

14

Jeni

OUT

text: Season 9: Celebrity Edition 2[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 2 of the Celebrity Edition. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. The season premiered on September 14, 2016 to 1,185,000 viewers.[16]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Loni Love

44

The Real Co-Host & Comedian

Winner November 2

Nicole Sullivan

46

Former MadTV Star, Comedian, & Actress

Runner-up November 2

John Henson

49

Former Talk Soup & Wipeout host

Eliminated October 26

Mike Situation Sorrentino

34

Reality Television Personality

Matt Dallas

33

Television Actor & YouTube Personality

Eliminated October 19

Mindy Cohn

50

The Facts of Life & Scooby-Doo Actress

Eliminated October 12

Tommy Davidson

52

Comedian & Actor

Eliminated September 28

Barbara Eden

85

Film & Television Actress (I Dream of Jeannie & Harper Valley P.T.A.)

Eliminated September 21

Kenya Moore

45

Miss USA 1993 & The Real Housewives of Atlanta Star

Eliminated September 14

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Loni

IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Nicole

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

John

WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4

Mike

IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Matt

WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

6

Mindy

IN
IN
TIE
BTM
OUT

7

Tommy

IN
IN
OUT

8

Barbara

BTM
OUT

9

Kenya

OUT

text: Season 10: 2017[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 10. The season premiered on January 1, 2017.[17]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Daniel Mar

35

Burbank, California

Photographer

Winner March 5

Ann Odogwu

34

Houston, Texas

Flight Attendant

Runner-Up March 5

Laura Docker

36

Fort Worth, Texas

Lawyer

Eliminated February 26

Mandy Thornton

24

Hanover, Massachusetts

Medical Assistant

Adam Cooke

32

Rancho Cucamonga, California

Auto Mechanic

Eliminated February 19

Brittany Lenore

27

Chicago, Illinois

Spiritual Speaker

Jeff West

36

Douglassville, Pennsylvania

Vending Machine President

Eliminated February 12

Kayla Kurtz

27

Kent, Ohio

Stay-at-Home Mom

Eliminated January 29

Maria Marcello

40

Torrance, California

Stay-at-Home Mom

Matt Josephs

35

Richmond, Virginia

Sports Radio Producer

Eliminated January 22

Jake Michaels

21

Manteno, Illinois

Model & Singer

Eliminated January 15

Jetta Linda Ostrofsky

66

Sacramento, California

Retired

Stephen Hawkins

67

Temecula, California

Retired

Eliminated January 8

Buffy Mykkanen

29

Portland, Oregon

Tech Support

Cedrick Miller

22

El Paso, Texas

Cashier

Eliminated January 1

Lester Turchin

65

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Retired

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Daniel

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Ann

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
SAVE
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

Mandy

IN
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Laura

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Brittany

WIN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Adam

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Jeff

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

8

Maria

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

9

Kayla

IN
IN
IN
TIE
SAVE
OUT

10

Matt

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Jetta

IN
IN
BTM
OUT

12

Jake

BTM
IN
IN
OUT

13

Stephen

BTM
IN
OUT

14

Buffy

IN
IN
OUT

15

Cedrick

OUT

16

Lester

OUT

text: In Episode 6, Both Chef Anne and Chef Rachael decided not to send anyone from their teams home.

text: Season 11: Celebrity Edition 3[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 3 of the Celebrity Edition. The season premiered on August 23, 2017[18][19]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

Perez Hilton

39

Gossip Blogger

Winner October 11

Melissa Peterman

46

Actress & Comedienne

Runner-up October 11

Nora Dunn

65

Actress & Comedienne

Eliminated October 4

Vivica A. Fox

53

Actress

Eliminated October 4

Sean Lowe

33

Reality Star

Eliminated September 27

Carmen Electra

45

Model & Actress

Withdrew September 13 due to injuries

Carson Kressley

47

TV Personality

Eliminated September 6

Erik Estrada

68

Star of CHiPs

Eliminated August 30

text: •Note: Vivica was originally eliminated on September 20. In Episode 7, airing on October 4, both Vivica and Sean returned to the competition for a redemption skill drill. Vivica won the drill, re-entered the competition and was then eliminated following the main challenge.

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Perez

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

WINNER

2

Melissa

IN

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

IN

SAVE

IN

BTM

IN

IN

IN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Nora

SAVE

TIE

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

IN

OUT

4

Vivica

IN

IN

IN

IN

WIN

TIE

SAVE

IN

OUT

RTN

OUT

5

Sean

IN

IN

IN

IN

BTM

TIE

IN

IN

IN

IN

OUT

6

Carmen

BTM

IN

BTM

WIN

IN

WDR

7

Carson

IN

TIE

WIN

IN

OUT

8

Erik

IN

TIE

OUT

text: Season 12: 2018[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 12.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Hazell Mckenzie

36

Brooklyn, New York

Graduate Student

Winner March 11

Steven Crowley

31

New York, New York

Real Estate Broker

Runner-Up March 11

Asaf Goren

25

Los Angeles, California

Dancer

Eliminated March 4

Sharon Shvarzman

32

Staten Island, New York

Drag Performer

Shatima Ruffin

34

Hampton Roads, Virginia

Receptionist

Eliminated February 25

Lacey Stout

28

Collinsville, Oklahoma

Stay-at-Home Mom

Robyn Hayden

31

Charleston, South Carolina

Balloon Artist

Eliminated February 18

Brandon Arroyo

27

Cleveland, Ohio

Sports Reporter

Eliminated February 11

Spencer Nick

25

Chicago, Illinois

Graduate Student

Sylvia Jefferies

47

Charleston, South Carolina

Stay-at-Home Mom

Quit January 28

Lily Frey

63

Anaheim, California

Retired

Eliminated January 28

Skyler Nick

25

Chicago, Illinois

Graduate Student

Eliminated January 21

Priscilla Nguyen

26

Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Receptionist

Eliminated January 14

Kevin Pettice

24

Charlotte, North Carolina

Administrative Assistant

Kayrene Curtis

44

Rocky River, Ohio

Stay-at-Home Mom

Eliminated January 7

Jonathan Farhat

37

Livermore, California

Safety Professional

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Hazell

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Steven

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Sharon

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Asaf

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

5

Lacey*

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Shatima

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

7

Robyn

IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
OUT

8

Brandon

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

9

Spencer*

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
BTM
OUT

10

Lily

IN
WIN
IN
OUT

11

Sylvia

IN
BTM
BTM
QUIT

12

Skyler

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Priscilla

IN
OUT

14

Kevin

IN
OUT

15

Jonathan

OUT

16

Kayrene

OUT

text: In episode 5, contestants Lacey and Spencer switch teams instead of being eliminated, Lacey on Chef Anne's Team and Spencer on Chef Tyler's team.

text: Season 13: Celebrity Edition 4[edit]

text: Tyler Florence returns with Anne Burrell to host season 4 of the Celebrity Edition. This is the first Celebrity Edition to not feature Rachael Ray as a judge. The season premiered on April 15, 2018.[20]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Occupation

Status

La Toya Jackson

61

Singer & Icon

Winner May 20

Ian Ziering

53

Actor

Runner-Up May 20

Catherine Bach

64

The Dukes of Hazzard Star

Eliminated May 13

Oscar Nunez

59

The Office Star

Maria Bamford

48

Comedienne

Eliminated May 6

Nolan Gould

19

Modern Family Star

Eliminated April 29

Bronson Pinchot

58

Actor

Eliminated April 22

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

La Toya

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WIN

WINNER

2

Ian

WIN

IN

WIN

WIN

WIN

RUNNER-UP

3

Catherine

IN

WIN

IN

BTM

OUT

4

Oscar

BTM

BTM

BTM

IN

OUT

5

Maria

IN

IN

IN

OUT

6

Nolan

SAVE

IN

OUT

7

Bronson

IN

OUT

text: Season 14: 2018[edit]

text: Robert Irvine joins Anne Burrell to host season 14.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Status

Copan Combs

30

Stillwater, Oklahoma

Academic Recruiter

Marcus Ellis

51

Queens, New York

Mental health counselor

Bradley Garcia

22

Miami, Florida

Model

Sarah Harris

23

Porum, Oklahoma

Janese Henry

30

Spring Lake, North Carolina

Linda Martin

60

Somerville, Massachusetts

Jessica Paulson

26

EMT

Rudy Rehburg

30

Chicago, Illinois

Property Preservation Specialist

Frank Scuderi

40

Maple Shade, New Jersey

Timmy Thok

29

New York, New York

Underwear Model

Carla Waddell

46

Alexandria, Virginia

Human Resources

Kimberly Worthy

33

Atlanta, Georgia

Writer

Maryann Rapisarda

67

Valdosta, Georgia

Retired

Eliminated August 13

Robbie DeRaffele

30

Hackensack, New Jersey

Superman Impersonator

Eliminated August 13

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank

Contestant

Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Copan

2

Marcus

3

Bradley

4

Sarah

5

Janese

6

Linda

7

Jessica

8

Rudy

9

Frank

10

Timmy

11

Carla

12

Kimberly

13

Maryann

OUT

14

Robbie

OUT

text: Judging records[edit]

text:
Judge

Wins

Losses

Anne Burrell

8

5

Bobby Flay

2

1

Rachael Ray

2

2

Tyler Florence

1

3

Beau MacMillan

0

1

Robert Irvine

0

1