document_title: Roy Anderson (The Office)

question_text: what is roy's last name on the office

question_tokens: what is roy 's last name on the office

text: Roy Anderson (The Office)

text:
Roy Anderson

The Office character

First appearance
"Pilot"

Last appearance
"Roy's Wedding"

Portrayed by
David Denman

Information

Gender
Male

Occupation
Former Dunder Mifflin Scranton Warehouse Worker,
The Vitamin Shoppe employee,
Owner of unnamed gravel company

Family
Kenny (brother)
Unnamed sister

Spouse(s)
Laura (m. 2012)

Significant other(s)
Pam Beesly (ex-fiancée)

Nationality
American

Based on
Lee

text: Royson "Roy" Allan Anderson is a fictional character from the US television series The Office, portrayed by David Denman. His counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Lee.

text: Overview[edit]

text: Roy Anderson is a warehouse dock worker at the Scranton branch of fictitious paper distributor Dunder Mifflin. He has been engaged to the office receptionist Pam Beesly for three years when the series begins, in a relationship where he is shown to be skeptical of, if not completely insensitive to, her ambitions. He also had a good friendship with Darryl Philbin which later is caught up on when he's having beers with him, Jim Halpert and the other warehouse workers later on in Crime Aid. He often shares in the warehouse's typical blue-collar humor.

text: Biography[edit]

text: Roy was Pam Beesly's fiancé for over five years until she broke off the engagement. Roy brought along his brother on his first date with Pam, a minor league hockey game; the brothers forgot she was with them and left the game without her while she was in the bathroom. During their long engagement, Roy, on more than one occasion, has seen Jim Halpert flirting with Pam. He claims not to mind, as he likes how Pam is less talkative after having spent time with Jim. Pam's mother and Roy seem to get along ("Sexual Harassment").

text: Roy is often bored and does not like company get-togethers, particularly when there's no open bar ("Casino Night"), and is seen on more than one occasion leaving office parties early. In the episode "The Fire", he states that he would "do" Angela while playing "Who Would You Do", and throughout the first three seasons Angela is shown to have a crush on Roy too, indeed Roy is the only character with whom Angela interacts that she never indicates any form of disapproval towards, describing him at various times as being "strong and capable", and that he has "character". He vehemently refuses to let Pam apply to a company training program that could advance her talents as an artist. Although generally regarded as boorish, inconsiderate, and selfish, his character is somewhat less cruel and verbally abusive than his UK counterpart, Lee. Roy drives a dark colored Chevy pickup truck, and spent a sizeable portion of the wedding money on two jet skis.[1] Roy selects Kevin's band Scrantonicity to perform at his wedding reception.

text: After Pam breaks off their engagement, Roy's life goes into a tailspin when he stops taking care of himself, starts drinking, and is eventually arrested for driving under the influence. Now recovered, he intends to win Pam back, regretting how he took her for granted and wanting to make it up to her. In "Phyllis' Wedding", Roy talks to Pam about their history together and pays Scrantonicity $20 to play "their song." They dance and leave the wedding together.

text: Later, in "Business School", Roy is shown with his brother Kenny at Pam's art show. And as they leave shortly after arriving, Roy tells Pam that "your art was the prettiest art of all the art", but asks her to leave so that they can go home.

text: Their reunion is short-lived. They break up shortly after ("Cocktails") they agree to start their relationship anew, when Pam confesses she kissed Jim on "Casino Night". In response, an enraged Roy started trashing the bar they were meeting at, and Pam calls the relationship off immediately.

text: With his brother having paid off the bar with money he got from selling his jet-skis, a visibly disturbed Roy states, "I am gonna kill Jim Halpert." When he attempts to beat Jim up in the office, Dwight prevents the attack with pepper spray and Roy is quickly fired. Roy later returns to receive his last paycheck and apologizes to Jim, which Jim accepts. He then asks Pam if they can get a cup of coffee after work, which she reluctantly agrees to.

text: At a diner, Pam confesses that their engagement was a big mistake and they were never right for each other. Roy asks if she's going to pursue Jim now, but she quietly declines. Roy encourages her to go after him, telling her, "I don't get you, Pam." The two have one final hug outside the diner, and they leave separately.

text: Roy learns from Jim that he and Pam are engaged when Jim wins a night out with the warehouse crew in "Crime Aid" and Roy joins their group. Roy congratulates Jim, but also plants a seed of doubt when he learns that Pam is staying out all night with friends in New York without Jim.

text: Judging from Roy's shirt in "Crime Aid", Roy now works at the Vitamin Store, a parody of the real company "The Vitamin Shoppe", even using a shirt with the same distinct colors and emblem.

text: Roy appeared in the episode "Threat Level Midnight" as a hostage in Michael's film. He had no lines in the actual NBC airing, but has lines and an extended role in the complete film and in previews of the film.

text: A humbled Roy resurfaces in "Roy's Wedding" when he invites Jim and Pam to his wedding among other Dunder-Mifflin staffers in attendance. Despite their original expectations of Roy, the couple are shocked to find out that Roy has changed for the better. He is now the owner of a successful gravel company he created, evident by the $50,000 sports car and the nice house that he owns and the elegant and tasteful wedding. Roy later thanks Jim before the ceremony, crediting his breakup with Pam to make way for meeting his future bride. Pam is also stunned to see that Roy can play the piano as he sings a song to his bride.


document_title: Run (baseball)

question_text: record for most runs scored in a major league baseball game

root

text: Run (baseball)

text: Examples[edit]

text: Below are examples of an un-counted run and a run scored.

tag: p

text:
With a runner on third and two outs, batter hits a ground ball to the second baseman. The runner on third races home. The second baseman fields the ball and throws on to the first baseman in time to get the batter on the force out at first for the third out of the inning. Even if the runner on third had touched home plate before that force out was made at first, his run would not count.
With a runner on third and two outs, batter hits a fly ball over centerfielder's head. It bounces several times as it rolls to the wall. The runner on third runs safely home and easily scores a run. Meanwhile, the batter safely reaches first, then tries to advance to second. The centerfielder, having retrieved the ball, throws the ball to the second baseman and the runner is tagged out as he slides into second. Since the runner stepped on home plate before the batter was tagged out at second for the third out of the inning, his run will count.[1]

tag: ul

text: Significant run scoring records[edit]

text: Player[edit]

text: The career record for most runs scored by a major-league player is 2,295, held by Rickey Henderson (1979–2003). The season record for most runs scored is 198, set by Billy Hamilton of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1894. The so-called modern-day record (1900 and after) is 177, achieved by Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees in 1921. The record for most seasons leading one of the major leagues in runs scored is 8, held by Babe Ruth (American League: 1919–21, 1923, 1924, 1926–28).

text: The record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored is 18, shared by the Yankees' Red Rolfe (August 9–August 25, 1939) and the Cleveland Indians' Kenny Lofton (August 15–September 3, 2000). The record for most runs scored by a player in a single game is 7, set by Guy Hecker of the American Association's Louisville Colonels on August 15, 1886. The modern-day record of 6 is shared by fourteen players (eight of whom attained it before 1900). Of the six modern-day players to score 6 runs in a game, the first to perform the feat was Mel Ott of the New York Giants on August 4, 1934 (he repeated the accomplishment ten years later, making him the only player ever to do it twice); the most recent was Shawn Green, then of the Los Angeles Dodgers, on May 23, 2002.

text: Team[edit]

text: The record for most runs scored by a major-league team during a single season is 1,212, set by the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves) in 1894. The modern-day record is 1,067, achieved by the New York Yankees in 1931. The team record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored (i.e., most consecutive games not being shut out) is 308, set by the Yankees between August 3, 1931, and August 2, 1933. The team record for most runs in its overall history (up until 2013) is the Chicago Cubs with 94,138.[2]

text: The record for most runs scored by a team in a single game is 36, set by the Chicago Colts (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Louisville Colonels (which joined the National League in 1892) on June 29, 1897.  The modern-day record of 30 was set on August 22, 2007, by the Texas Rangers against the Baltimore Orioles in the first game of a doubleheader at Oriole Park.  The Rangers scored 5 runs in the fourth inning, 9 in the sixth, 10 in the eighth, and 6 in the ninth.  On August 25, 1922, the highest-scoring game in major-league history took place: the Chicago Cubs defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 26–23, a total of 49 runs.

text: The record for most runs scored by a team in a single inning is 18, set by the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Detroit Wolverines on September 6, 1883.  The modern-day record is 17, achieved by the Boston Red Sox against the Detroit Tigers on June 18, 1953.

text: World Series[edit]

text: The Yankees' Mickey Mantle holds the record for most career World Series runs scored with 42 (1951–53, 1955–58, 1960–64). The record for most runs scored in a single World Series, shared by two players, is 10, achieved both times in a six-game Series: Reggie Jackson of the Yankees was the first to do it, in 1977; the Toronto Blue Jays' Paul Molitor equaled him in 1993. The most runs ever scored by a player in a World Series game is 4, a record shared by ten players. Babe Ruth set the mark on October 6, 1926, while with the Yankees; it was matched most recently by Albert Pujols of the St. Louis Cardinals in Game 3 of the 2011 World Series.

text: On October 2, 1936, playing the New York Giants, the Yankees set the team record for most runs scored in a single Series game with 18.  Players crossed the plate a record 29 times in the highest-scoring World Series game in history on October 20, 1993, as the Blue Jays beat the Phillies 15–14 at Veterans Stadium in Game 4 of the 1993 World Series.


document_title: Licence to Kill (soundtrack)

question_text: who sang licence to kill james bond theme

text: Licence to Kill (soundtrack)

text:
Licence to Kill
Soundtrack album by Michael KamenReleased
1989Recorded
1989Label
MCA RecordsProducer
Joel SillMichael Kamen chronology

Renegades(1989)

Licence to Kill(1989)

Lethal Weapon 2(1989)

James Bond soundtrack chronology

The Living Daylights(1987)

Licence to Kill(1989)

GoldenEye(1995)

Singles from Licence to Kill

"Licence To Kill"Released: 1989
"If You Asked Me To"Released: 12 June 1989

tag: table

text: The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989.

text: Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry (who had scored almost every film from From Russia with Love onwards) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery, the soundtrack's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen.

text: Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to Licence to Kill. The theme was said to have been a new version based on the James Bond Theme. The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick.[1]

text: The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, based on the "horn line" from Goldfinger, which required royalty payments to the original writers.[2] At five-minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme. The music video of "Licence to Kill" was directed by Daniel Kleinman, who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, GoldenEye.

text: All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song "If You Asked Me To" sung by Patti LaBelle. Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992, the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion. The track "Wedding Party", used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill, makes reference to the track "Jump Up" from the first Bond film, Dr. No.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Licence to Kill" – Gladys Knight
"Wedding Party" – Ivory
"Dirty Love" – Tim Feehan
"Pam"
"If You Asked Me To" – Patti LaBelle
"James & Felix on Their Way to Church"[A]
"His Funny Valentine"
"Sanchez Is in the Bahamas/Shark Fishing"
"Ninja"
"Licence Revoked"

tag: ol

text: Jump up ^ contains the James Bond Theme, originally composed for the Dr. No soundtrack


document_title: Grease (film)

question_text: the names of the pink ladies from grease

text: Grease (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the summer of 1959, Danny Zuko (John Travolta) and vacationing Sandy Olsson (Olivia Newton-John) met at the beach and fell in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, who is going back to Australia, frets that they may never meet again, but Danny tells her that their love is "only the beginning". The film moves to the start of the seniors' term at Rydell High School ("Grease"). Danny, a greaser, is a member of the T-Birds, consisting of his best friend Kenickie (Jeff Conaway), Doody (Barry Pearl), Sonny (Michael Tucci), and Putzie (Kelly Ward). The Pink Ladies, a popular clique of girls, also arrive, consisting of Rizzo (Stockard Channing), Frenchy (Didi Conn), Marty (Dinah Manoff), and Jan (Jamie Donnelly).

text: After her parents decide to move from Australia, Sandy enrolls at Rydell and is befriended by Frenchy, who considers dropping out of school to become a beautician. Unaware of each other's presence at Rydell, Danny and Sandy tell their respective groups the accounts of events during the pair's brief romance, without initially mentioning the other's name. Sandy's version emphasizes the romance of the affair, while Danny's version is more sexual (and therefore presumably less honest) ("Summer Nights").

text: When Sandy finally tells everyone it was Danny Zuko, Rizzo arranges a surprise reunion for the two at a pep rally, where Sandy is cheering along with high-achiever Patty Simcox (Susan Buckner). At the rally, Sandy catches the eye of a member of the football team (Lorenzo Lamas). When Sandy and Danny are reunited, they are initially elated, but Danny soon slips back into his greaser attitude, which offends Sandy. At the same rally, Kenickie reveals his new car and announces he has entered it into a "pinks" street race at Thunder Road.

text: Frenchy invites Sandy to her house for a sleepover. Sandy throws up from trying a cigarette, drinking a dessert wine, and getting her ears pierced by Frenchy. While she recovers in the bathroom, Rizzo makes fun of her innocence and virtuous nature ("Look At Me, I'm Sandra Dee"). The T-Birds arrive in Kenickie's car, and Rizzo departs to make out with Kenickie, leaving the other T-Birds stranded. Sandy laments over her feelings towards Danny, despite his earlier behavior ("Hopelessly Devoted to You"). As Kenickie and Rizzo are having a tryst, the condom Kenickie is using breaks. The two are also interrupted by Leo Balmudo (Dennis C. Stewart), leader of the T-Birds' rival gang, the Scorpions, and his girlfriend Cha-Cha (Annette Charles).

text: The next day, Danny and the T-Birds prepare to get Kenickie's car ready for the race ("Greased Lightnin'"). In an attempt to impress Sandy, Danny approaches Coach Calhoun (Sid Caesar) in an effort to become a high school athlete. His combative nature leads to fights with the basketball team, wrestlers, and baseball players, so Calhoun suggests cross-country running, in which Danny excels. Danny's running proves to impress Sandy, prompting the two to reconcile for a date at the Frosty Palace; when the other greasers arrive, Danny and Sandy promptly leave in discomfort. Kenickie and a noticeably distressed Rizzo get into an argument and break up, while Putzie and Jan begin dating. Left alone, Frenchy—who dropped out of Rydell to enroll in beauty school, only to quit when she turned her own hair bright pink—is visited by a guardian angel (Frankie Avalon) who advises her to return to Rydell ("Beauty School Dropout").

text: The school dance arrives, broadcast live on television and hosted by DJ Vince Fontaine (Edd Byrnes), who flirts with Marty. Rizzo and Kenickie attempt to spite one another by bringing Leo and Cha-Cha as their dates, while Danny and Sandy arrive together. Danny and Sandy dance well and appear to be on their way to winning the competition, but a drunken Sonny pulls Sandy off the floor partway through. Cha-Cha joins Danny for the rest of the dance, and the two win ("Born to Hand Jive"). During the last dance ("Blue Moon"), Putzie leads Sonny and Doody in a mooning of the national TV audience, which Principal McGee (Eve Arden) vows to put on their permanent records.

text: Danny apologizes to Sandy and tries to make it up to her by taking her to a drive-in theater. She's unmoved by his pleas for forgiveness until he gives Sandy his ring, which she gleefully accepts. Moments later, Danny tries to aggressively make out with her, causing Sandy to angrily throw his ring at him and depart, leaving Danny distraught ("Sandy"). Meanwhile, Rizzo admits she may be pregnant to Marty, who in turn tells Sonny, and the rumor spreads like wildfire through the drive-in, reaching Kenickie just as Rizzo is walking past. He attempts to talk to Rizzo about it, telling her he doesn't run away from his mistakes. Rizzo tells him it was someone else's mistake, a response that angers Kenickie. At school the next day, word of Rizzo's pregnancy fears reaches Patty Simcox, who has spread the gossip to her clique and sneers at Rizzo as they walk by. A visibly hurt Rizzo, who thanks Sandy for her offer of help, sings to herself about how her sins are not as bad as they could be ("There Are Worse Things I Could Do").

text: On the day of the race, Kenickie asks Danny to be on standby in case he decides to back out. Moments before the race is set to begin, Kenickie suffers a concussion when he bends over to pick up a penny for good luck and Putzie opens the car door on Kenickie's head, and Danny takes the helm of the car. Leo and Danny run a tight race, with Leo attempting to shred Danny's tires with bladed hubcaps (in a sequence paying homage to Ben-Hur); Danny eventually wins when Leo skids out. Sandy watches from afar and concludes that she still loves Danny. She decides to change her attitude and image to impress him and asks Frenchy for help ("Look At Me, I'm Sandra Dee (Reprise)").

text: On the last day of school, a sobbing Principal McGee and her equally nostalgic assistant Blanche (Dody Goodman), in a speech over the intercom, state that some of the Rydell graduates could go on to become great leaders, such as the next Eleanor Roosevelt or Richard Nixon (which appeals to Sonny). The seniors celebrate their graduation at the fair on the school grounds. Sonny and Putzie find out they cannot graduate until completing summer school, as Coach Calhoun had failed Sonny in physical education and Putzie had never even taken the course.

text: Kenickie approaches Rizzo and demands to talk to her, only to have her reveal she is not pregnant after all. Overjoyed, they reunite. He proposes to her again, and this time she accepts. Danny shows up wearing a Letterman's sweater and reveals he lettered in track while the rest of the T-Birds were preoccupied with tuning up Kenickie's car. The T-Birds lament that Danny has forsaken being a greaser in favor of becoming a jock which Danny confesses is a decision he has made in an effort to clean up his image so that he can be together with Sandy, telling the T-Birds that they too will have to grow up and stop following people all the time. The group is subsequently stunned when Sandy appears seconds later sporting a new hairstyle, dressed in black leather, and smoking a cigarette. In song, the two admit they love each other and reunite ("You're the One That I Want") and Sandy also tells Danny that if she was willing to change for him then it is only fair that he do the same for her by being faithful and more mature.

text: The gang realizes that high school is now over, and worries that they'll never see each other again. Danny insists, "Nah, that'll never happen," and everyone celebrates their friendship ("We Go Together"). As the song nears its conclusion, Danny and Sandy depart in a red hot rod, which takes flight, and the pair wave goodbye to their friends.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Principal cast[edit]

text:
John Travolta as Danny Zuko, who lives a double life as leader of the greaser gang the T-Birds and as Sandy's love interest
Olivia Newton-John as Sandra Dee "Sandy" Olsson, an Australian expatriate and ingenue
Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, the cynical leader of the Pink Ladies clique
Jeff Conaway as Kenickie, Danny's best friend, Rizzo's boyfriend and the owner of Greased Lightnin'
Barry Pearl as Doody, a member of the T-Birds
Michael Tucci as Sonny LaTierri, a trouble-making wannabe womanizer
Kelly Ward as Putzie, a member of the T-Birds and Jan's boyfriend
Didi Conn as Frenchy, Sandy's closest friend in the Pink Ladies
Jamie Donnelly as Jan, a member of the Pink Ladies and Putzie's girlfriend
Dinah Manoff as Marty Maraschino, a member of the Pink Ladies whose attractiveness regularly draws the attention of men

text: School staff/others[edit]

text:
Eve Arden as Principal Greta McGee, who shows discomfort at the goings-on at Rydell High
Dody Goodman as Vice Principal Blanche Hodel, who enjoys even the wilder antics at the school
Sid Caesar as Coach Calhoun, the tough-talking gym teacher and coach of all the school's perennially losing sports teams
Eddie Deezen as Eugene Felsnick, the class nerd
Susan Buckner as Patty Simcox, head cheerleader and a rival for Danny's affections
Lorenzo Lamas as Tom Chisum, a jock who competes for Sandy's affections
Dennis C. Stewart as Leo "Craterface" Balmudo, head of the Scorpions, a rival greaser gang
Annette Charles as Charlene "Cha-Cha" DiGregorio, Leo's girlfriend
Joan Blondell as Vi, a waitress at the Frosty Palace
Ellen Travolta as Waitress
Frankie Avalon as Teen Angel
Edd Byrnes as Vince Fontaine, on-air personality at KZAZ radio and television
Sha-Na-Na as Johnny Casino and the Gamblers, a rock and roll band
Alice Ghostley as Mrs. Murdock, a rogue shop teacher who helps build Greased Lightnin' for the T-Birds
Darrell Zwerling as Mr. Lynch
Dick Patterson as Mr. Rudie
Fannie Flagg as Nurse Wilkins
Michael Biehn as Mike

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: John Travolta had previously worked with producer Robert Stigwood on Saturday Night Fever, had a nascent singing career at the time (including the top-10 hit "Let Her In" in 1976), and had previously appeared as Doody in a touring production of the stage version of Grease. He made a number of casting recommendations that Stigwood ultimately accepted, including suggesting Randal Kleiser (who had never directed a theatrical feature before this but had directed Travolta in the 1976 telefilm The Boy in the Plastic Bubble) as director, and Olivia Newton-John, then known almost exclusively as a country music singer, as Sandy.[4] Newton-John had done little acting before this film, with only one film credit (the unreleased 1970 film Toomorrow, which predated her singing breakthrough) to her name up to that time. Before accepting the role, Newton-John requested a screen test for Grease to avoid another career setback.[5] The screen test was done with the drive-in movie scene. Newton-John, who is native to England and lived most of her life in Australia, was unable to perform with a convincing American accent, and thus her character was rewritten to be Australian. Before Newton-John was hired, Allan Carr was considering numerous names such as Ann-Margret, Susan Dey and Marie Osmond for the lead role; Newton-John agreed to a reduced asking price in exchange for star billing.[5] In a case of life imitating art, Newton-John's own musical career would undergo a transformation similar to that of the Sandy Olsson character; her next album after Grease, the provocatively titled Totally Hot, featured a much more sexual and pop-oriented approach, with Newton-John appearing on the album cover in similar all-leather attire and teased hair.[6]

text: Jeff Conaway, like Travolta, had previously appeared in the stage version of Grease; he had played Danny Zuko during the show's run on Broadway.[7] Jamie Donnelly reprised her role as Jan from the Broadway show, the only cast member to do so; as her hair had begun to gray by this point, she had to dye her hair to resemble her stage character.[8] Kelly Ward had previously appeared as a similar sarcastic supporting character in The Boy in the Plastic Bubble with Travolta under Kleiser; the role was substantially rewritten from the musical. Whereas "Rump" in the musical sang lead on two songs and was particularly known for his mooning, the renamed "Putzie" did not sing and shares the mooning scene with two of the other T-Birds, Sonny and Doody.

text: Lorenzo Lamas was a last-minute replacement for Steven Ford, who developed stage fright shortly before filming and backed out. His role contained no spoken dialogue and required Lamas to dye his hair blond to avoid looking like most of the other T-Birds (although Conaway and Ward were also blonds).[8]

text: Henry Winkler was once considered for a lead in the film. Winkler, who was playing Arthur Fonzarelli on Happy Days, was originally chosen to play Danny. His lack of singing experience and fear of being typecast after Happy Days and the film The Lords of Flatbush led him to decline the role.[citation needed] Adult film star Harry Reems was originally signed to play Coach Calhoun; however, executives at Paramount nixed the idea due to Reems' previous work in adult films, and producers cast Sid Caesar instead.[9] Caesar was one of several veterans of 1950s television (Eve Arden, Frankie Avalon, Joan Blondell, Edd Byrnes, Alice Ghostley, Dody Goodman) to be cast in supporting roles. Coincidentally, Frankie Avalon and Randal Kleiser had both appeared in 1966's Fireball 500, the latter as an extra.

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The opening beach scene was shot at Malibu's Leo Carrillo State Beach, making explicit reference to From Here to Eternity. The exterior Rydell scenes, including the basketball, baseball and track segments, were shot at Venice High School in Venice, California, while the Rydell interiors, including the high school dance, were filmed at Huntington Park High School. The sleepover was shot at a private house in East Hollywood. The Paramount Pictures studio lot was the location of the scenes that involve Frosty Palace and the musical numbers "Greased Lightning" and "Beauty School Dropout". The drive-in movie scenes were shot at the Burbank Pickwick Drive-In (it was closed and torn down in 1989 and a shopping center took its place). The race was filmed at the Los Angeles River, between the First and Seventh Street Bridges, where many other films have been shot.[10] The final scene where the carnival took place used John Marshall High School.[11] And due to budget cuts a short scene was filmed at Hazard Park in Los Angeles.

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Scenes inside the Frosty Palace contain obvious blurring of various Coca-Cola signs.[12] Prior to the film's release, producer Allan Carr had made a product-placement deal with Coca-Cola's main competitor Pepsi (for example, a Pepsi logo can be seen in the animated opening sequence). When Carr saw the footage of the scene with Coca-Cola products and signage, he ordered director Randal Kleiser to either reshoot the scene with Pepsi products or remove the Coca-Cola logos from the scene. As reshoots were deemed too expensive and time-consuming, optical mattes were used to cover up or blur out the Coca-Cola references. The 'blurring' covered up trademarked menu signage and a large wall poster, but a red cooler with the logo could not be sufficiently altered so was left unchanged. According to Kleiser, "We just had to hope that Pepsi wouldn't complain. They didn't."[13][14]

text: In the 2010 sing-along version (see below), the blurred Coke poster has been digitally removed. In its place is more of the wavy wall design that surrounded it.[citation needed]

text: John Wilson did the animated title sequence for the start of the film.[citation needed]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Grease was originally released to North American theaters on June 16, 1978 and was an immediate box office success. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $8,941,717 in 862 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking at No. 2 (behind Jaws 2) at the box office.[15] Grease has grossed $188,755,690 domestically and $206,200,000 internationally, totaling $394,955,690 worldwide. Globally, it was the highest-grossing musical ever, eclipsing the 13-year-old record held by The Sound of Music, but has since been overtaken by Les Misérables, Mamma Mia! and the 2017 release of Beauty and the Beast. Grease is now the fourth highest-grossing live action musical.[16]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Grease received mostly positive reviews from movie critics[17] and is considered by many as one of the best films of 1978.[18][19][20][21]

text: Vincent Canby on its initial release in June 1978 called the film "terrific fun", describing it as a "contemporary fantasy about a 1950s teen-age musical—a larger, funnier, wittier and more imaginative-than-Hollywood movie with a life that is all its own"; Canby pointed out that the film was "somewhat in the manner of Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which recalls the science-fiction films of the '50s in a manner more elegant and more benign than anything that was ever made then, Grease is a multimillion-dollar evocation of the B-picture quickies that Sam Katzman used to turn out in the '50s (Don't Knock the Rock, 1956) and that American International carried to the sea in the 1960s (Beach Party, 1963)."[22]

text: Grease was voted the best musical ever on Channel 4's 100 greatest musicals in 2004.[23] The film currently holds a 75% "Certified Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 critic reviews with an average rating of 6.6/10 and with a consensus that reads, "Grease is a pleasing, energetic musical with infectiously catchy songs and an ode to young love that never gets old."[24] It holds a score of 70/100 on similar website Metacritic.[17]

text: Grease premiered for the first time on American television in 1981 on ABC-TV. It was re-released to theaters in 1998 to mark the 20th anniversary. The film was also ranked number 21 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[25][26]

text: Home video[edit]

text: Grease was first released in the US on VHS by Paramount Home Video in 1982, with reissues in 1989 and 1994; the last VHS release was on June 23, 1998 and titled the 20th Anniversary Edition following a theatrical re-release that March. On September 17, 2002, it was released on DVD for the first time. On September 19, 2006, it was re-released on DVD as the Rockin' Rydell Edition, which came with a black Rydell High T-Bird jacket cover, a white Rydell "R" letterman's sweater cover or the Target-exclusive Pink Ladies cover. It was released on Blu-ray Disc on May 5, 2009.

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

1978
Grease
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Nominated

John Travolta
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Nominated

Olivia Newton-John
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Nominated

"Grease"
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song
Nominated

"You're the One That I Want"
Nominated

1979
CIC
Golden Screen Award
Won

Stockard Channing
People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Supporting Actress
Won

Grease
People's Choice Award for Favorite Musical Motion Picture
Won

Grease
People's Choice Award for Favorite Overall Motion Picture
Won

"Hopelessly Devoted to You"
Academy Award for Best Original Song
Nominated

2006
Grease
Satellite Award for Best Classic DVD
Nominated

2008
"You're the One That I Want"
TV Land Award for Movie Dance Sequence You Reenacted in Your Living Room
Nominated

text: American Film Institute Recognition[edit]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions: No. 97
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: No. 70 for "Summer Nights"
AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals: No. 20

text: Sequels and spin-offs[edit]

text: The sequel, Grease 2 (1982), stars Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer. While only a few cast members from the original movie such as Dody Goodman, Sid Caesar, Eddie Deezen, Didi Conn, Dennis Stewart and Eve Arden reprise their respective roles. Dick Patterson returned, playing a different character. It was not as successful, grossing just $15 million on its $13 million budget. Patricia Birch, the original movie's choreographer, directed the ill-fated sequel. It would be the only movie that she would direct.

text: On July 8, 2010, a sing-along version of Grease was released to select theaters around the U.S.[27] A trailer was released in May 2010 with cigarettes digitally removed from certain scenes, implying heavy editing; however, Paramount confirmed these changes were done only for the film's advertising,[28] and the rating for the film itself changed from its original PG to that of PG-13 for "sexual content including references, teen smoking and drinking, and language."[29] The movie was shown for two weekends only; additional cities lobbied by fans from the Paramount official website started a week later and screened for one weekend.[30]

text: On March 12, 2013, Grease and Grease 2 were packaged together in a Double Feature DVD set from Warner Home Video.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States, exceeded only by another soundtrack album, from the film Saturday Night Fever, which also starred Travolta.[3] The song "Hopelessly Devoted to You" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music—Original Song. The song "You're the One That I Want" was released as a single prior to the film's release and became an immediate chart-topper, despite not being in the stage show or having been seen in the film at that time.[31] Additionally, the dance number to "You're the One That I Want" was nominated for TV Land's award for "Movie Dance Sequence You Reenacted in Your Living Room" in 2008.[32] In the United Kingdom, the two Travolta/Newton-John duets, "You're the One That I Want" and "Summer Nights", were both number one hits and as of 2011 are still among the 20 best-selling singles of all time (at Nos. 6 and 19 respectively).[33] The movie's title song was also a number-one hit single for Frankie Valli.[34]

text: The song "Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee" references Sal Mineo in the original stage version. Mineo was stabbed to death a year before filming, so the line was changed to refer to Elvis Presley instead. The references to Troy Donohue, Doris Day, Rock Hudson and Annette Funicello are from the original stage version. Coincidentally, this scene as well as the scene before and the scene after it were filmed on August 16, 1977, the date of Elvis Presley's death.[35]

text: Some of the songs were not present in the film; songs that appear in the film but not in the soundtrack are "La Bamba" by Ritchie Valens, "Whole Lotta Shaking Going On" by Jerry Lee Lewis, "Alma Mater", "Alma Mater Parody", and "Rydell Fight Song". "Alone at a Drive-in Movie (instrumental)", "Mooning", and "Freddy My Love" are not present in the film, although all three are listed in the end credits in-addition to being on the soundtrack. (Both "Mooning" and "Rock'n'Roll Party Queen," the latter of which was played in the film as background music, were written in the musical for a character named Roger that was written out of the film, replaced by the non-singing Putzie. In general, all of the songs in the musical that were performed by characters other than Danny, Rizzo, Sandy or Johnny Casino were either taken out of the film or given to other characters, including Marty Maraschino's number "Freddy My Love," Kenickie's "Greased Lightnin'," and Doody's "Those Magic Changes.")

text: The songs appear in the film in the following order:

text:
"Love is a Many-Splendored Thing"
"Grease"
"Alma Mater"
"Summer Nights" – Danny, Sandy, Pink Ladies and T-Birds
"Rydell Fight Song" – Rydell Marching Band
"Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee" – Rizzo and Pink Ladies
"Hopelessly Devoted to You" – Sandy
"Greased Lightnin'" – Danny and T-Birds
"La Bamba"
"It's Raining on Prom Night"
"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"
"Beauty School Dropout" – Teen Angel and Female Angels
"Rock n' Roll Party Queen"
"Rock n' Roll is Here to Stay" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers
"Those Magic Changes" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers; Danny sings along onscreen
"Tears on My Pillow" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers
"Hound Dog" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers
"Born to Hand Jive" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers
"Blue Moon" – Johnny Casino and the Gamblers
"Sandy" – Danny
"There Are Worse Things I Could Do" – Rizzo
"Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee (Reprise)" – Sandy
"Alma Mater Parody" (instrumental)
"You're the One That I Want" – Danny, Sandy, Pink Ladies, and T-Birds
"We Go Together" – Cast
"Grease (Reprise)"

text: Television[edit]

text: On August 17, 2009, a television series inspired by the film premiered in Venezuela. The series was produced and directed by Vladimir Perez. The show will explore and expand on the characters and story from the film.[36][37]


document_title: Firefly

question_text: where do lightning bugs go in the winter time

text: Firefly

text: Biology[edit]

text: Fireflies tend to be brown and soft-bodied, often with the elytra, or front wings, more leathery than those of other beetles. Although the females of some species are similar in appearance to males, larviform females are found in many other firefly species. These females can often be distinguished from the larvae only because they have compound eyes. The most commonly known fireflies are nocturnal,[4] although numerous species are diurnal. Most diurnal species are not luminescent; however, some species that remain in shadowy areas may produce light.

text: A few days after mating, a female lays her fertilized eggs on or just below the surface of the ground. The eggs hatch three to four weeks later, and the larvae feed until the end of the summer. The larvae are commonly called glowworms (not to be confused with the distinct beetle family Phengodidae or the fly genus Arachnocampa.) Lampyrid larvae have simple eyes. The term glowworm is also used for both adults and larvae of species such as Lampyris noctiluca, the common European glowworm, in which only the nonflying adult females glow brightly and the flying males glow only weakly and intermittently.

text: Fireflies hibernate over winter during the larval stage, some species for several years.[clarification needed] Some do this by burrowing underground, while others find places on or under the bark of trees. They emerge in the spring. After several weeks of feeding on other insects, snails, and worms, they pupate for 1.0 to 2.5 weeks and emerge as adults. The larvae of most species are specialized predators and feed on other larvae, terrestrial snails, and slugs. Some are so specialized that they have grooved mandibles that deliver digestive fluids directly to their prey. Adult diet varies: some are predatory, while others feed on plant pollen or nectar. Some, like the European glow-worm beetle, Lampyris noctiluca, have no mouth.

text: Most fireflies are quite distasteful to eat and sometimes poisonous to vertebrate predators. This is due at least in part to a group of steroid pyrones known as lucibufagins, which are similar to cardiotonic bufadienolides found in some poisonous toads.[5]

text: Light and chemical production[edit]

text: Light production in fireflies is due to a type of chemical reaction called bioluminescence. This process occurs in specialized light-emitting organs, usually on a firefly's lower abdomen. The enzyme luciferase acts on the luciferin, in the presence of magnesium ions, ATP, and oxygen to produce light. Gene coding for these substances has been inserted into many different organisms (see Luciferase – Applications). Firefly luciferase is used in forensics, and the enzyme has medical uses — in particular, for detecting the presence of ATP or magnesium. All fireflies glow as larvae. In lampyrid larvae, bioluminescence serves a function that is different from that served in adults. It appears to be a warning signal to predators, since many firefly larvae contain chemicals that are distasteful or toxic.

text: Light in adult beetles was originally thought to be used for similar warning purposes, but now its primary purpose is thought to be used in mate selection. Fireflies are a classic example of an organism that uses bioluminescence for sexual selection. They have a variety of ways to communicate with mates in courtships: steady glows, flashing, and the use of chemical signals unrelated to photic systems.[6] The signal provides potential mates with information about the species of the signaller or its quality as a mate.[7]

text: Some species, especially lightning bugs of the genera Photinus, Photuris, and Pyractomena, are distinguished by the unique courtship flash patterns emitted by flying males in search of females. In general, females of the Photinus genus do not fly, but do give a flash response to males of their own species.

text: Tropical fireflies, in particular, in Southeast Asia, routinely synchronise their flashes among large groups. This phenomenon is explained as phase synchronization[8] and spontaneous order. At night along river banks in the Malaysian jungles, fireflies synchronize their light emissions precisely. Current hypotheses about the causes of this behavior involve diet, social interaction, and altitude. In the Philippines, thousands of fireflies can be seen all year-round in the town of Donsol (called aninipot or totonbalagon in Bicol). In the United States, one of the most famous sightings of fireflies blinking in unison occurs annually near Elkmont, Tennessee, in the Great Smoky Mountains during the first weeks of June.[9] Congaree National Park in South Carolina is another host to this phenomenon.[10]

text: Female Photuris fireflies are known for mimicking the mating flashes of other "lightning bugs" for the sole purpose of predation. Target males are attracted to what appears to be a suitable mate, and are then eaten. For this reason, sometimes, Photuris species are referred to as "femme fatale fireflies."

text: Many fireflies do not produce light. Usually these species are diurnal, or day-flying, such as those in the genus Ellychnia. A few diurnal fireflies that inhabit primarily shadowy places, such as beneath tall plants or trees, are luminescent. One such genus is Lucidota. Non-bioluminescent fireflies use pheromones to signal mates. This is supported by the fact that some basal groups do not show bioluminescence and use chemical signaling, instead. Phosphaenus hemipterus has photic organs, yet is a diurnal firefly and displays large antennae and small eyes. These traits strongly suggest pheromones are used for sexual selection, while photic organs are used for warning signals. In controlled experiments, males coming from downwind arrived at females first, indicating males travel upwind along a pheromone plume. Males were also found to be able to find females without the use of visual cues, when the sides of test Petri dishes were covered with black tape. This and the facts that females do not light up at night and males are diurnal point to the conclusion that sexual communication in P. hemipterus is based entirely on pheromones.[11]

text: Systematics[edit]

text: Firefly systematics, as with many insects, are in a constant state of flux, as new species continue to be discovered. The five subfamilies listed above are the most commonly accepted ones, though others, such as the Amydetinae and Psilocladinae, have been proposed. This was mainly done in an attempt to revise the Lampyrinae, which bit by bit had become something of a "wastebin taxon" to hold incertae sedis species and genera of fireflies. Other changes have been proposed, such as merging the Ototretinae into the Luciolinae, but the arrangement used here appears to be the most frequently seen and stable layout for the time being. Though most groups appear to be monophyletic, some (e.g., the tribe Photinini) are perhaps better divided.

text: Two groups of subfamilies seem to exist: one containing many American and some Eurasian species in the Lampyrinae and Photurinae; and one, predominantly Asian, made up from the other subfamilies. While the subfamilies as understood here are, in general, monophyletic, a few genera still need to be moved for the subfamilies to accurately represent the evolutionary relationships among the fireflies.

text: The Rhagophthalmidae are a glow-worm-like lineage of Elateroidea. They have in the recent past usually been considered a distinct family, but whether this is correct is still disputed. Indeed, they might be the only close relative of the puzzling firefly genus Pterotus, which sometimes is placed in a monotypic subfamily.

text: The genus Phausis, usually placed in the tribe Photinini of the Lampyrinae, might represent another rather distinct lineage instead.


question_text: who plays jacob in nightmare on elm street 5

text: Plot[edit]

text: Taking place almost a year after The Dream Master, Alice and Dan have now started dating and there is no sign of Freddy Krueger. One day, in the shower, she sees herself at a strange asylum, dressed in a nun's habit with a name-tag saying Amanda Krueger. She is then attacked by patients at the hospital but wakes up. The next day, Alice is graduating from high school alongside her new friends: Greta, an aspiring, albeit reluctant, supermodel; Mark, a comic book geek; and Yvonne, a candy striper and swimmer. She only confides her nightmare to Dan and he tells her she is in control of her dreams.

text: On her way to work, Alice finds herself back at the asylum, where she witnesses Amanda giving birth to a gruesomely deformed Freddy-looking baby. Amanda tries to collect the baby before it escapes, but it sneaks out of the operating room and Alice follows it into the same church where she had defeated Freddy in the previous film. The baby finds Freddy's remains and quickly grows into an adult, hinting to Alice that he's found the "key" to coming back. Alarmed, she contacts Dan, who falls asleep en route to see her, and is attacked by Freddy. Freddy electrocutes him, turning him into a frightful creature before veering him into oncoming traffic. Alice sees Dan's body come to life and taunt her before she passes out. Waking in a hospital, she has to take the news of Dan's death and that she is pregnant with his child. In the night, she is visited by a young boy named Jacob, but the next day Yvonne tells her there are no children on her floor, nor is there a children's ward.

text: Alice tells her friends about Freddy and his lineage, but Yvonne refuses to hear it while Mark and Greta are more supportive. That afternoon, at a dinner party at home, Greta falls asleep at the table; she snaps at her mother, going on a rant over her controlling nature before Freddy arrives and literally forces Greta to eat herself alive before choking her in front of a laughing audience. In the real world, she falls down dead to the surprise of her mother and guests. Yvonne and Alice visit Mark, who is grieving Greta's death and a rift forms between them. Mark falls asleep and is nearly killed by Freddy, but Alice saves him at the last minute before seeing Jacob again. Jacob hints that she is his mother. Alice requests that Yvonne gets her an early ultrasound and discovers Freddy is feeding Jacob his victims to make him like himself.

text: Yvonne still believes that Alice is crazy. Dan's parents also believe that Alice is delusional and insist that she give them the baby when it is born, which Alice refuses. Alice and Mark research Krueger and the Nun Amanda. Realizing that Amanda was trying to stop Freddy, they investigate her whereabouts and Alice goes to sleep, hoping to find Amanda at the asylum. While there, Freddy lures her away by threatening Yvonne, who has fallen asleep in a Jacuzzi. Alice rescues her, and Yvonne finally believes her. Mark falls asleep and is pulled into a comic book world, where Freddy slashes him apart.

text: Alice goes to bed in order to find Freddy and save her son. She is led into an M. C. Escher-type maze before she finally draws Freddy out from within herself. Yvonne finds Amanda's remains at the asylum and joins the fight in the dream world, encouraging Jacob to use the power that Freddy had been giving him. Jacob manages to destroy Freddy and his infant form is absorbed by his mother while Alice picks up a baby Jacob. Warning Alice away, Amanda manages to seal Freddy away in time.

text: Several months later, Jacob Daniel Johnson is enjoying a picnic with his mom, grandfather and Yvonne. The familiar song of Freddy's theme can be heard being hummed by children jumping rope.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger/Maniac in the asylum (without make-up)/Waiter (without make-up)
Lisa Wilcox as Alice Johnson
Kelly Jo Minter as Yvonne Miller
Erika Anderson as Greta Gibson
Danny Hassel as Dan Jordan
Beatrice Boepple as Amanda Krueger
Whit Hertford as Jacob Johnson
Joe Seely as Mark Grey
Nicholas Mele as Dennis Johnson
Valorie Armstrong as Doris Jordan
Burr DeBenning as Mr. Jordan
Clarence Felder as Mr. Gray

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child was released on August 11, 1989, on 1,902 theatres in North America. On the first weekend, the film grossed $8,115,176, falling behind Parenthood ($9,672,350) and James Cameron’s The Abyss ($9,319,797).[2] The film ranked No.8 at the second weekend box office with a box office performance of $3,584,320, and it dropped out from the Top 10 list ranked as No. 11 and No. 14 on the third and the fourth weekend. Overall, the film  grossed $22,168,359 at US box office. It is the second-lowest grossing Nightmare on Elm Street film. The film ranked No.43 of the Top 50 highest-grossing films released in the US in 1989 and is No.37 of all slasher films cataloged by Box Office Mojo.[3]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The films received mostly negative review from both fans and critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 33% approval rating and an average rating of 4.2/10 based on 30 reviews.[4] Variety called it "a poorly constructed special effects showcase" with "highly variable" acting.[5]  Caryn James of The New York Times wrote that the film "doesn't pretend to be anything more than it is - a genre film that won't totally insult your intelligence or your eyes".[6] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times described it as "a dynamic, fully visually realized experience", complimenting the acting, set design, and directing.  Thomas identifies Krueger as representing the irrational adult world to teenagers.[7]  Richard Harrington of The Washington Post ranked it below the first and third films, saying that the plot is too confusing.[8]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Deleted scenes[edit]

text: The graduation sequence was considerably cut down, which included Alice's father giving her the camera. As a result, there are a number of minor continuity errors such as Alice holding airplane tickets moments before Dan gives them to her as a surprise gift.

text: Upon its release, the movie had to be subjected to some cuts in the sequences of Dan's, Mark's and Greta's deaths, in order to avoid being classified X by MPAA due to the extremely violent and graphic nature of those sequences. An unrated version of the film was originally released on VHS and Laserdisc. This version contained longer, more graphic versions of Dan's, Greta's and Mark's death scenes.[citation needed] In Dan's scene, cables can be seen sliding under the skin of Dan's arm, a large piece of the bike pierces his leg, and the skin on Dan's head is much more graphically torn off while he screams in pain. In Greta's scene, Freddy slices open a doll that begins to bleed, and Greta is shown to have a gaping wound in her stomach—from which Freddy starts to feed to her. In Australia, the scenes were cut in cinemas, but restored to the VHS release.[9] In Mark's death sequence, Freddy turns him into paper and shreds him to pieces, before beheading him; the decapitation scene was deleted in the original version of the film. Despite this, the Australian Classification board did not rate it "R18+", giving it the lower "M15+".  As of 2018, New Line Cinema  has yet to officially release the uncut version of the film on DVD; however, snippets of these scenes are found in the Nightmare 5 section of the documentary Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy.

text: Music[edit]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album featured ten tracks. The first side consisted of heavy metal and hard rock songs, while the second consisted primarily of hip hop songs.

text: No.TitleArtistLength1."Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter"Bruce Dickinson5:032."Heaven in the Back Seat"Romeo's Daughter3:583."Savage"W.A.S.P.3:284."Can't Take the Hurt"Mammoth4:215."What Do You Know About Rock 'n' Roll"Slave Raider3:346."Any Way I Gotta Swing It"Whodini4:307."Now I Lay Me Down"Samantha Fox4:178."Let's Go"Kool Moe Dee5:259."Word Up Doc!"Doctor Ice3:2410."Livin' in the Jungle"Schoolly D3:36

text: Bruce Dickinson, lead singer of heavy metal band Iron Maiden, wrote and performed the song "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter" for the film. A second version of the song, recorded with Iron Maiden, became the band's only Number 1 single in their native UK when released in December 1990.

text: Film score[edit]

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[10]


document_title: The Sum of All Fears (film)

question_text: who played russian president in sum of all fears

text: The Sum of All Fears (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, an Israeli A-4 Skyhawk jet carrying a nuclear weapon is shot down; 29 years later, a Syrian scrap collector uncovers a large unexploded bomb buried in a field in the Golan Heights. He sells it to a South African black market arms trafficker named Olson, who recognizes it as the nuclear bomb that was lost during the war. He then sells it to a far-right group led by Austrian billionaire and neo-Nazi Richard Dressler. Dressler's aim is to start a nuclear war between the United States and Russia that will devastate them both, and leave a united Fascist Europe to rule the world.

text: CIA analyst Jack Ryan is summoned by CIA Director William Cabot to accompany him to Russia to meet President Nemerov. In Moscow, Cabot and Ryan are allowed to examine a Russian nuclear weapons facility as prescribed by the START treaty, where Ryan notices the absence of three scientists listed on the facility's roster. Cabot sends operative John Clark to Russia to investigate. Clark tracks the missing scientists to a former Soviet military facility in Ukraine, where Cabot suspects they are building a secret nuclear weapon that Russia could use without any way to trace it back to them.

text: Ryan and his colleagues discern that a crate from the facility in Ukraine was flown to the Canary Islands, then sent to Baltimore on a cargo ship. Ryan warns Cabot, who is attending a football game in Baltimore with the President, about a bomb threat. The President is evacuated before the bomb detonates, but the city is destroyed. To escalate the situation, a corrupt Russian Air Force general who has been paid by Dressler sends Tu-22M Backfires to attack the USS John C. Stennis in the North Sea.

text: Ryan learns from the radiation assessment team that the isotopic signature from the nuclear blast pinpoints it as having been manufactured at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina in 1968; evidence which seems to exonerate the Russians. In Syria, Clark tracks down Ghazi, one of the men who found the bomb, now dying of radiation exposure. He tells Clark that he sold the bomb to Olson, who lives in Damascus. Ryan's colleagues at Langley infiltrate Olson's computer and download files that implicate Dressler as the person who bought the plutonium and who is behind the Baltimore attack.

text: Ryan is able to reach the National Military Command Center in The Pentagon and get a message to Nemerov, saying that he knows that Russia was not behind the attack, while also asking Nemerov to stand down his forces as a show of good faith. Nemerov agrees to do so as President Fowler follows suit. The participants in the conspiracy, including Dressler, are assassinated. Presidents Fowler and Nemerov announce new measures to counter nuclear proliferation in joint speeches at the White House, as Ryan and his fiancée Dr. Catherine Muller listen in.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Jack Ryan
Morgan Freeman as William Cabot, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Bridget Moynahan as Dr. Catherine "Cathy" Muller
James Cromwell as J. Robert Fowler, President of the United States
Liev Schreiber as John Clark
Michael Byrne as Anatoly Grushkov/Spinnaker, senior advisor to President Nemerov.
Colm Feore as Olson
Alan Bates as Richard Dressler
Ron Rifkin as Sidney Owens, Secretary of State
Ciarán Hinds as Alexander Nemerov, President of the Russian Federation
Bruce McGill as Gene Revell, National Security Advisor
Richard Marner as President Zorkin, President of the Russian Federation prior to Nemerov
Philip Baker Hall as David Becker, Secretary of Defense
Josef Sommer as Senator Jessup
Ken Jenkins as Admiral Pollack
Philip Akin as General Wilkes
John Beasley as General Lasseter, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Lee Garlington as Mary Pat Foley, CIA
Joel Bissonnette as Mason, Dressler's American contact
Sven-Ole Thorsen as Haft, Dressler's hitman
Aleksandr Belyavsky as Admiral Ivanov
Lev Prygunov as General Saratkin
Yevgeni Lazarev as General Dubinin
Gregory Hlady as Milinov

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After the release of Clear and Present Danger in 1994, a year was spent developing Tom Clancy's The Cardinal of the Kremlin before the material was deemed too difficult to adapt, resulting in producer Mace Neufeld purchasing the rights to Clancy's The Sum of All Fears.[4] In October 1999, Harrison Ford announced that the next Jack Ryan novel being scripted into a film would indeed be The Sum of All Fears and that "hopefully we'll get that to a place where we can make a movie."[5] During this time, writer Akiva Goldsman wrote multiple drafts of the script.[6] However, on June 8, 2000, it was announced that Ford had dropped out of the film after he and director Phillip Noyce were unable to work out script problems.[7] It was later announced that Ben Affleck would take on the role in a $10 million deal that would see the series rebooted with Jack Ryan portrayed at an earlier stage in life. "The day I received the offer to play Jack Ryan, I was filming a Pearl Harbor scene with Alec Baldwin. He was very sweet and said I should do it," said Affleck. "I wouldn't have done the movie without talking to Harrison Ford first. He gave me his blessing. That's what I needed to hear."[8] Months after Affleck became attached to the project, director Phil Alden Robinson was brought on to lead the project.[9]

text: While the basic plot is the same in the movie as in the book, there were significant changes. Noting these substantial changes, in the commentary track on the DVD release, Tom Clancy jokingly introduced himself as "the author of the book that he [director Phil Alden Robinson, who is present with Clancy] ignored."

text: Perhaps the largest change were the original terrorists. In the novel, they were Arab nationalists, but in the film, they were changed to neo-fascists. A common misconception is that this was done as a reaction to the September 11, 2001 attacks, but the movie finished filming in June 2001.

text: On the "making-of" DVD extra, director Alden Robinson said that the change was purely for elements relating to the plot, because Arab terrorists would not be able to plausibly accomplish all that was necessary for the story to work. In addition, the terrorists in the book received significant aid from elements in East Germany, a country which had ceased to exist before the novel was even published. The group Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) did mount a two-year lobbying campaign that ended on January 26, 2001, against using "Muslim villains", as the original book version did.[10]

text: Screenwriter Dan Pyne claimed that the decision to not use Arab terrorists was "possibly because that has become a cliché. At the time that I started writing The Sum of All Fears, Joerg Haider was just starting to come into play in Austria. And simultaneous with that, I think, there was some neo-nationalist activity in Holland, and there was stuff going on in Spain and in Italy. So it seemed like a logical and lasting idea that would be universal."[11] It has also been noted that a larger percent of profits stems from international audiences, and American filmmakers work to avoid alienating large segments of this customer base.[11]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for The Sum of All Fears began on February 12, 2001 in Montreal, Quebec.[12] A majority of the film was shot in Montreal, including the sequences at the football game that were shot in the city's Olympic Stadium.[13] Additional filming was done at the Diefenbunker in Ottawa, Ontario.[14] Production finished in June 2001.[4] The interior scene of the aircraft carrier was filmed on a set used in the TV series JAG.[15]

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score to The Sum of All Fears is composed by Jerry Goldsmith. A soundtrack album was released on June 4, 2002 by Elektra Records.[16] In addition to Goldsmith's score, the soundtrack also includes source music such as "If We Get Through This" by Tabitha Fair and "Nessun dorma" by Giacomo Puccini. There are also two tracks from the album ("If We Could Remember" and "The Mission") that are vocal interpretations of Goldsmith's primary theme co-written by singer-songwriter Paul Williams.[17] On March 12, 2014 an expanded edition released by La-La Land Records.[18].

text:
The Sum of All Fears (Music from the Motion Picture)

Film score by Jerry Goldsmith

Released
June 4, 2002 (original), March 12, 2014 (expanded)

Length
49:30 (original), 78:48 (expanded)

Label
Elektra (original), La-La Land (expanded)

Jack Ryan soundtrack chronology

Clear and Present Danger
(1994)Clear and Present Danger1994
The Sum of All Fears
(2002)
Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit
(2014)Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit2014

text:
[show]The Sum of All Fears (Music from the Motion Picture): Elektra

No.
Title
Length

1.
"If We Could Remember"
3:30

2.
"The Mission"
5:57

3.
"The Bomb"
2:55

4.
"That Went Well"
2:45

5.
"Clear the Stadium"
1:33

6.
"If We Get Through This"
3:36

7.
"The Deal"
2:34

8.
"Changes"
2:27

9.
"Snap Count"
2:12

10.
"His Name Is Olson"
1:51

11.
"Nessun Dorma from Turandot"
2:58

12.
"Deserted Lab"
1:52

13.
"Real Time"
2:51

14.
"How Close?"
6:05

15.
"The Same Air"
2:01

16.
"If We Could Remember (Reprise)"
3:34

Total length:
49:30

text:
[show]The Sum of All Fears (Music from the Motion Picture): La-La Land: added material in bold

No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Mission"
5:56

2.
"Do It!/I'll Go/The Bomb"
4:35

3.
"14 Months/The Deal"
4:05

4.
"Thanks a Lot/That Went Well"
3:22

5.
"The Shipment/Moscow Time"
1:16

6.
"Nice Going/The Docks"
3:36

7.
"Mrs. Spassky/The Lab"
2:10

8.
"The Reservoir/Night Landing/Deserted Lab"
3:34

9.
"Shoot Him/Changes"
3:16

10.
"Clear the Stadium (film version)/Not the Russians/Man Your Aircraft"
4:24

11.
"Further Aggressions/State of War"
2:53

12.
"Supplies/To the Docks"
2:02

13.
"Real Time"
2:50

14.
"Cabot Is Dead/His Name Is Olson"
2:50

15.
"Snap Count"
2:11

16.
"Maximum Readiness/Get a Doctor"
1:57

17.
"How Close?"
6:08

18.
"The Same Air"
3:16

19.
"If We Could Remember"
3:36

20.
"Star-Spangled Banner"
1:55

21.
"Nessun Dorma from Turandot"
2:57

22.
"The Mission (synth choir)"
4:31

23.
"Clear the Stadium (album version)"
1:31

24.
"His Name Is Olson (alt. with synth choir)"
1:50

25.
"Theme from The Sum of All Fears (synth demo)"
2:13

Total length:
78:48

text: Release[edit]

text: Theatrical run[edit]

text: While the film was speculated to be released in late 2001, The Sum of All Fears was theatrically released on May 31, 2002. Many media outlets characterized this apparent change in release date to be a delay due to the September 11 attacks. Addressing the release date, director Phil Alden Robinson said, "When I came on board in August of 2000, they said, 'This is a Summer-of-2002 picture.'"[9] As the first film released since September 11 to deal so vividly with terrorism, critics believed it to be too alarming to be released nearly nine months after the attacks.[19][20]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 59% of critics gave the film positive reviews and that the average rating was 6/10 based on a total of 171 reviews counted. The consensus was that the film was "A slick and well-made thriller that takes on new weight due to the current political climate."[3] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average out of 100 to critics' reviews, The Sum of All Fears received a score of 45 based on 35 reviews.[21]

text: Peter Travers criticized Affleck's performance, saying it "merely creates an outline for a role he still needs to grow into, a role that Harrison Ford effortlessly filled with authority."[22] Richard Roeper felt the film "is almost impossible to follow – and there's something cringe-inducing about seeing an American football stadium nuked as pop entertainment." Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune called it "an implausible apocalypse without depth or resonance",[23] while Peter Rainer of New York magazine felt the "movie has been upstaged by the sum of our fears."[24]

text:
"There are some frightening special effects in the movie, which I will not describe, because their unexpected appearance has such an effect."

—Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times[25]

tag: div

text: A few positive reviews came from The Argus, who praised Freeman for giving "the William Cabot character such validity."[26] Roger Ebert felt that "the use of the neo-Nazis is politically correct: Best to invent villains who won't offend any audiences." He also said that "Jack Ryan's one-man actions in post-bomb Baltimore are unlikely and way too well-timed."[25]

text: In Reel Power: Hollywood Cinema and American Supremacy, author Matthew Alford observed that the American political characters in the film act benevolently; declaring, "When the President and his advisers do apply force it is with heavy hearts and purely as a way of demonstrating 'deterrence' in the hope that this will encourage the Russians to back down. They never apply excessive violence and are ultimately successful – with Ryan’s help – in avoiding nuclear warfare." Furthermore, he argued that "the film celebrates and makes light of the enormous covert powers of a globally operating US national security state and its allies."[27]

text: Box office[edit]

text: According to Box Office Mojo, the film made U.S. $118,907,036 and $75,014,336 in foreign totals, easily recovering its $68 million production costs.[2]


document_title: We Gotta Get You a Woman

question_text: who sang we gotta get you a woman

question_tokens: who sang we got ta get you a woman

text: We Gotta Get You a Woman

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"We Gotta Get You a Woman"Single by Todd Rundgrenfrom the album RuntB-side
"Baby, Let's Swing / The Last Thing You Said / Don't Tie My Hands"Released
October 1970Format
LP VinylRecorded
1970Genre
Power pop, pop rock, soft rockLength
3:05Label
Ampex RecordsSongwriter(s)
Todd RundgrenProducer(s)
Todd RundgrenTodd Rundgren singles chronology

"We Gotta Get You a Woman" (1970)

"Be Nice to Me" (1971)

"We Gotta Get You a Woman"  (1970)

"Be Nice to Me" (1971)

text: "We Gotta Get You a Woman" is a 1970 song originally performed and written by Todd Rundgren from the 1970 album Runt. It reached No. 20 in US and Canada. The Four Tops did a cover of this song in 1972.

text:
hidevteTodd RundgrenStudio albums
Runt
Runt. The Ballad of Todd Rundgren
Something/Anything?
A Wizard, a True Star
Todd
Initiation
Faithful
Hermit of Mink Hollow
Healing
The Ever Popular Tortured Artist Effect
A Cappella
Nearly Human
2nd Wind
No World Order
The Individualist
With a Twist...
Up Against It!
One Long Year
Liars
Arena
Todd Rundgren's Johnson
(re)Production
State
Global
White Knight
with Utopia
Todd Rundgren's Utopia
Another Live
RA
Oops! Wrong Planet
Adventures In Utopia
Deface the Music
Swing to the Right
Utopia
Oblivion
POV
Redux '92: Live in Japan

Live albums
Another Live
Back to the Bars
Redux '92: Live in Japan
Singles
"We Gotta Get You a Woman"
"I Saw the Light"
"Hello It's Me"
"Good Vibrations"
"Can We Still Be Friends"
"Bang the Drum All Day"
Other songs
"Dreams of Ordinary Men"
"Kissing with Confidence"
"Love Is the Answer"
"Shake a Fist"
"Western Girls"
Album productions
Great Speckled Bird
Stage Fright
Straight Up
Halfnelson
New York Dolls
We're an American Band
Shinin' On
War Babies
Felix Cavaliere
L
Bat Out of Hell
Remote Control
TRB Two
Wave
Wasp
Bad for Good
Forever Now
Next Position Please
Love Bomb
What Is This?
Skylarking
Dreams of Ordinary Men
Love Junk
Things Here Are Different
One Sided Story
The World's Most Dangerous Party
Halfway Down the Sky
The New America
Separation Anxieties
Cause I Sez So
Related articles
Discography
Bebe Buell
Daryl Hall
Nazz
The New Cars
Liv Tyler
Steven Tyler

text: 1970 songsTodd Rundgren songs1970 singlesDebut singles

text: Articles lacking sources from October 2016All articles lacking sourcesArticles with hAudio microformats


document_title: List of longest bridges

question_text: which is the longest bridge in the asia

question_tokens: which is the longest bridge in the asia

text: List of longest bridges

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This is a list of the world's longest bridges more than three kilometres long sorted by their full length above land or water. "Span" refers to the longest spans without any ground support.

text: Note: There is no standard way to measure the total length of a bridge. Some bridges are measured from the beginning of the entrance ramp to the end of the exit ramp. Some are measured from shoreline to shoreline. Yet others are the length of the total construction involved in building the bridge. Since there is no standard, no ranking of a bridge should be assumed because of its position in the list. Additionally, numbers are merely estimates and measures in U.S. customary units (feet) may be imprecise due to conversion rounding.

text:
Name
Length
Main Span
Completed
Traffic
Country

m
ft
m
ft

Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
Guinness: Longest bridge (any type), 2011[1]
164,800
540,700
80
260
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Changhua-Kaohsiung Viaduct[2][3][4]
Taiwan High Speed Rail
157,317
516,132
(Viaduct)
2004
High-speed rail
 Taiwan

Tianjin Grand Bridge[5]
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
Guinness: Second longest bridge (any type), 2011[1]
113,700
373,000
(Viaduct)
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Cangde Grand Bridge[6][7]
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
115,900
380,200
128
420
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge
Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway
79,732
261,588
80
260[8]
2008
High-speed rail
 China

Bang Na Expressway
Guinness: Longest Road Bridge, 2000[9]
54,000
177,000
(Viaduct)
2000
Expressway
 Thailand

Beijing Grand Bridge
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
48,153
157,982
108
354
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway
(across Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana)
Guinness: Longest bridge over water (continuous), 1969[10]
38,442
126,122
46
151
1956 (SB)
1969 (NB)
Highway
 United States

Line 1, Wuhan Metro Bridge
Wuhan Metro
37,788
123,976[11]
0?
2009
Metro
 China

Manchac Swamp Bridge
(I-55 across Manchac Swamp in Louisiana)
36,710
120,440
(Viaduct)
1979
Highway
 United States

Yangcun Bridge
Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
35,812
117,493[12]
(Viaduct)
2007
High-speed rail
 China

Hangzhou Bay Bridge
35,673
117,037
448
1,470
2007
Expressway
 China

Runyang Bridge
35,660
116,990
1,490
4,890
2005
Expressway
 China

Lima Metro Line 1[citation needed]
33,000
108,000
(Viaduct)
2011-2014
Metro
 Peru

Donghai Bridge
32,500
106,600
400
1,300
2005
Expressway
 China

Shanghai Maglev line
29,908
98,123[13]
(Viaduct)
2003
Maglev
 China

Dwarka Sector 8 Metro Station-Rama Krishna Ashram Marg Metro Station
29,808
97,795
(Viaduct)
2005-2010
Metro
 India

Atchafalaya Basin Bridge
(I-10 across Atchafalaya Basin in Louisiana)
29,290
96,100
(Viaduct)
1973
Highway
 United States

Yanshi Bridge
Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway
28,543
93,645[14]
0?
2009
High-speed rail
 China

Jiaozhou Bay Bridge
Guinness: Longest bridge over water (aggregate), July 2011[15]
26,707
87,621[16][17][18]
260
850
2011
Road
 China

Jintang Bridge
26,540
87,070
620
2,030
2009
Expressway
 China

Jinbin Light Rail No. 1 Bridge[citation needed](Guanghualu – Babaocun)
Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit
25,800
84,600
(Viaduct)
2003
Metro
 China

East West MRT Line (Redhill - Tuas Link)
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
25,700
84,300
(Viaduct)
1988 - 2017
Metro
 Singapore

King Fahd Causeway Bridge I
25,000
82,000[19]
(Viaduct)
1986
Road
 Saudi Arabia
 Bahrain

Suvarnabhumi Airport Link
24,500
80,400
(Viaduct)
2010
Rail
 Thailand

Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge
Penang Second Bridge
24,000
79,000
250
820[20]
2014
Highway
 Malaysia

Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
(US 13 across Chesapeake Bay in Virginia)
24,140
79,200
0?
1964 (NB)
1999 (SB)
Highway
 United States

MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line Northern Elevated Section
23,100
75,800
Viaduct
2016
Metro
 Malaysia

Bridge section of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge
22,900
75,100
458
1,503
2017
Motorway
 China
 Hong Kong

Liangshui River Bridge
Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
21,563
70,745[12]
(Viaduct)
2007
High-speed rail
 China

Incheon Bridge
21,380
70,140[21]
800
2,600
2009
Road
 South Korea

Yongding New River Bridge
Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
21,133
69,334[22]
0?
2007
High-speed rail
 China

6th October Bridge
20,500
67,300
(Viaduct)
1996
Road
 Egypt

C215 Viaduct[23]
Taiwan High Speed Rail
20,000
66,000
(Viaduct)
2007
High-speed rail
 Taiwan

Hami Grade Separation Bridge
Lanzhou–Urumqi High-Speed Railway
19,300
63,300[24]
0?
2014
High-speed rail
 China

MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line Southern Elevated Section
19,000
62,000
Viaduct
2017
Metro
 Malaysia

Cangzhou–Dezhou Grand Bridge[5]
Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
18,200
59,700
128
420
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Aérotrain Test Track
No longer in use
18,000
59,000
0?
1965
Rail
(prototype)
 France

Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge of I-10
(I-10 over Bonnet Carré Spillway in Louisiana)
17,702
58,077
(Viaduct)
1972
Highway
 United States

Crimean Bridge[25] (Kerch Strait)
Longest bridge in Europe[26]
16,857
55,305
227
745 (x2)
2018
road
 Crimea

Saigon-Trung Luong Skyway[citation needed]
North-South Expressway, Vietnam
16,000
52,000
(Viaduct)
2010
Road
 Vietnam

Eastern Freeway South Strech
15,595
51,165[27][28]
(Viaduct)
2013
Motorway
 India

Cross Beijing Ring Roads Bridge
Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
15,595
51,165[12]
(Viaduct)
2007
High-speed rail
 China

Penang Bridge
13,500
44,300
225
738
1985
Highway
 Malaysia

Kam Sheung Road-Tuen Mun viaduct (part of West Rail Line)
13,400
44,000
(Viaduct)
2003
Rail
 Hong Kong

Louisiana Highway 1 Bridge[29]
(State Highway 1 between Golden Meadow, Louisiana and Port Fourchon, Louisiana)
13,300
43,600
(Viaduct)
2009
Highway
 United States

Rio-Niterói Bridge
Longest bridge in Latin America
13,290
43,600
300
980
1974
Road
 Brazil

Great Seto Bridge
13,100
43,000
1,100
3,600
1988
Highway & Rail
 Japan

Bhumibol Bridge
13,000
43,000
398
1,306
2006
Road
 Thailand

Confederation Bridge
(Trans-Canada Highway across Northumberland Strait between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick)
12,900
42,300
220
720 (x43)
1997
Highway
 Canada

Jubilee Parkway
(I-10 over Mobile Bay in Alabama)
12,875
42,241
0?
1978
Highway
 United States

Rudong Yangkou Yellow Sea Bridge[30]
12,600
41,300[31]
0?
2008
Road
 China

Bali Mandara Toll Road
12,700
41,700
0?
2013
Road
 Indonesia

Vasco da Gama Bridge
Longest bridge entirely within Europe
12,345
40,502
450
1,480
1998
Highway
 Portugal

Emsland test facility
12,000
39,000
(Viaduct)
1985
Maglev
 Germany

Ir. Wiyoto Wiyono Toll Road[citation needed]
12,000
39,000
0Viaduct
1990
Highway
 Indonesia

Nanjing Qinhuai River Bridge
Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway
12,000
39,000[31]
0?
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Third Mainland Bridge
11,800
38,700
(Viaduct)
1991
Road
 Nigeria

Mayor Mohammed Hanif Flyover[32] (Jatrabari to Gulisthan)
11,700
38,400
(Viaduct)
2013
Motorway
 Bangladesh

Qingshuihe Bridge[33]
Qingzang Railway
11,700
38,400
(Viaduct)
2006
Rail
 China

Lezíria Bridge[34]
11,670
38,290
133
436
2007
Highway
 Portugal

P.V. Narasimha Rao Elevated Expressway
11,600
38,100
(Viaduct)
2009
Highway
 India

San Mateo–Hayward Bridge
(State Route 92 over San Francisco Bay in California)
11,270
36,980
230.8
757[35]
1967
Highway
 United States

Zhenjiang Beijing–Hangzhou Canal Bridge
Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway
11,000
36,000[31]
0?
2010
High-speed rail
 China

Seven Mile Bridge
(Overseas Highway/US 1 in the Florida Keys)
10,887
35,719
41
135
1982
Highway
 United States

Shandong-Henan Yellow River Bridge[36]
10,282
33,734
0?
1985
Rail
 China

Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge
10,020
32,870
312
1,024
2000
Expressway & Rail
 China

Bangalore Elevated Tollway
9,945
32,628
(Viaduct)
2010
Highway
 India

Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge
9,970
32,710
730
2,400
2009
Road (& future Rail)
 China

General W.K. Wilson Jr. Bridge
(I-65 over the Mobile–Tensaw River Delta in Alabama)
9,786
32,106
244
801
1980
Highway
 United States

Norfolk Southern Lake Pontchartrain Bridge
(Norfolk Southern rail line across Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana)
9,300
30,500
0?
1884[37]
Rail
 United States

TransJakarta Corridor 13
9,300
30,500[38]
(Viaduct)
2017
Elevated BRT
 Indonesia

Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge
9,273
30,423[31]
336
1,102
2010
High-speed rail & Metro
 China

Dhola-Sadiya bridge
9,150
30,020[39]
50
160 (x183)
2017
Road
 India

Park Circus-Parama Island, MAA flyover
9,100
29,900
(Viaduct)
2016
Road
 India

Chacahoula Swamp Bridge
(US 90 across Chacahoula Swamp in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana)
9,005
29,544
(Viaduct)
1995
Highway
 United States

Frank Davis "Naturally N'Awlins" Memorial Bridge
(I-10 over Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana)
8,851
29,039
(Viaduct)
1962
2011
Highway
 United States

Richmond–San Rafael Bridge
(I-580 over San Francisco Bay in California)
8,851
29,039
317
1,040
1956
Highway
 United States

General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge
8,678
28,471
235
771
1962
Road
 Venezuela

Metro Bus corridor- Rawalpindi Section (Rawalpindi)
8,600
28,200[40]
(Viaduct)
2015
Elevated BRT
 Pakistan

Virginia Dare Memorial Bridge
(US 64 Bypass over Croatan Sound in North Carolina)
8,369
27,457
(Viaduct)
2002
Highway
 United States

Yangpu Bridge
8,354
27,408
602
1,975
1993
Road
 China

Xiasha Bridge[41]
8,230
27,000
232
761
1991
Expressway
 China

Sutong Bridge
8,206
26,923
1,088
3,570
2008
Expressway
 China

Mackinac Bridge
(I-75 over the Straits of Mackinac in Michigan)
8,038
26,371
1,158
3,799
1957
Highway
 United States

LaBranche Wetlands Bridge
(I-310 over the LaBranche Wetlands in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana)
7,902
25,925
(Viaduct)
1992
Highway
 United States

Öresund Bridge
7,845
25,738
490
1,610
1999
Highway & Rail
 Denmark and
 Sweden

Maestri Bridge
(US 11 over Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana)
7,693
25,240
(Viaduct)
1928
Road
 United States

Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge[42]
7,675
25,180
216
709
1992
Highway & Rail
 China

James River Bridge
(US 17 over the James River in Virginia)
7,425
24,360
126
413
1983
Highway
 United States

Gwangan Bridge
7,420
24,340
500
1,600
2002
Road
 South Korea

Champlain Bridge (Montreal)
(Autoroutes 10, 15, and 20 over the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec)
7,414
24,324
215.5
707
1967
Highway
 Canada

Jamal Abdul Nasser Bridge[citation needed]
7,333
24,058
(Viaduct)
2016
Highway
 Kuwait

Seohae Bridge[43]
7,310
23,980
470
1,540
2000
Highway
 South Korea

Ershilipu Bridge
Lanzhou–Urumqi High-Speed Railway
7.093
4.407[44]
0?
2014
High-speed rail
 China

Huey P. Long Bridge
(US 90 over the Mississippi River in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana)
7,000
23,000
241
791
1936
Highway & Rail
 United States

Chesapeake Bay Bridge
(US 50 and US 301 over Chesapeake Bay in Maryland)
6,946
22,789
490
1,610
1952
1973
Highway
 United States

Aktaruzzaman Flyover[citation needed]
(Chittagong)
6,800
22,300
(Viaduct)
2017
Motorway
 Bangladesh

Great Belt Bridge (Eastern)
6,790
22,280
1,624
5,328
1998
Highway
 Denmark

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
6,772
22,218
160
520
1968
Highway & Rail
 China

Xiangshan Harbor Bridge
6,761
22,182
688
2,257
2012
Highway
 China

Great Belt Bridge (Western)
6,611
21,690
110
360
1998
Highway & Rail
 Denmark

Sunshine Skyway Bridge
(I-275 over Tampa Bay in Florida)
6,598
21,647
366
1,201
1987
Highway
 United States

Thanlwin Bridge (Mawlamyaing)
6,589
21,617
112
367 (x21)
2005
Road & Rail
 Myanmar

St. George Island Bridge
(State Road 300 over Apalachicola Bay in Florida)
6,588
21,614
366
1,201
2004
Highway
 United States

Astoria–Megler Bridge
(US 101 across the Columbia River between Oregon and Washington)
6,545
21,473
375
1,230
1966
Highway
 United States

Saale-Elster Viaduct
Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway
6,465
21,211
110
360
2013
High-speed rail
 Germany

Pakokku Bridge
6,278
20,597[45]
120
390 (x22)
2011
Road & Rail
 Myanmar

Ayeyarwady-Nyaungdon Bridge
6,262
20,545[46]
120
390 (x16)
2011[citation needed]
Road & Rail
 Myanmar

Öland bridge
6,072
19,921
130
430
1972
Highway
 Sweden

Libertador General San Martín Bridge
5,966
19,573
220
720
1976
Road
 Uruguay and
 Argentina

Hernando de Soto Bridge
(I-40 over the Mississippi River between Arkansas and Tennessee)
5,954
19,534
274
899
1973
Highway
 United States

President Bridge
5,825
19,111[47]
220
720 (x22)
2009
Road
 Russia

Mid-Bay Bridge
(State Road 293 over Choctawhatchee Bay in Florida)
5,793
19,006
141
463
1993
Highway
 United States

Mahatma Gandhi Setu[48]
5,750
18,860
121
397 (x45)
1982
Road
 India

Pulaski Skyway
(US 1/US 9 over the Hackensack and Passaic rivers in New Jersey)
5,636
18,491
168
551
1932
Highway
 United States

Garden City Skyway
(Queen Elizabeth Way over the Welland Canal in Ontario)
5,633
18,481
(Viaduct)
1963
Highway
 Canada

Bangabandhu Bridge
5,630
18,470
100
330[49] (x47)
1998
Road & Rail
 Bangladesh

Albemarle Sound Bridge[50]
(State Highways 32 and 94 over Albemarle Sound in North Carolina)
5,627
18,461
0?
1990
Road
 United States

Bromford Viaduct
5,600
18,400
(Viaduct)
1971
Road
 United Kingdom

Bandra-Worli Sea Link
5,575
18,291
250
820 (x2)
2009
Road
 India

Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor
5,545
18,192
(Viaduct)
2006
Expressway
 Hong Kong

Island Eastern Corridor (Causeway Bay to Quarry Bay section)
5,500
18,000
(Viaduct)
1983
Road
 Hong Kong

Suramadu Bridge (cross Madura Strait)
5,438
17,841
434
1,424
2009
Road
 Indonesia

Dauphin Island Bridge
(State Route 193 over the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in Alabama)
5,430
17,810
122
400
1982
Road
 United States

Xinkai River Bridge of Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway
5,371
17,621[22]
0?
2007
High-speed rail
 China

Yolo Causeway
(I-80 over Yolo Bypass in California)
5,200
17,100
(Viaduct)
1916
1962
Highway
 United States

Second Severn Crossing
5,128
16,824
456
1,496
1996
Road
 United Kingdom

Zeeland Bridge
5,022
16,476
95
312 (x48)
1965
Road
 Netherlands

Bolte Bridge
5,000
16,000
173
568 (x2)
1999
Road
 Australia

Malir River Bridge
5,000
16,000
(Viaduct)
2009
Road
 Pakistan

Candaba Viaduct[51]
5,000
16,000
(Viaduct)
2005
Highway
 Philippines

Buckman Bridge
(I-295 over the St. Johns River in Florida south of Jacksonville)
4,968
16,299
76
249
1970
Highway
 United States

Tappan Zee Bridge
(I-87 and I-287 over the Hudson River in New York)
4,881
16,014
736
2,415
1955
Highway
 United States

Howard Frankland Bridge (Southbound)
(I-275 over Old Tampa Bay in Florida)
4,846
15,899
(Viaduct)
1991
Highway
 United States

Howard Frankland Bridge (Northbound)
(I-275 over Old Tampa Bay in Florida)
4,838
15,873
(Viaduct)
1960
Highway
 United States

Wright Memorial Bridge
(US 158 over Currituck Sound in North Carolina)
4,828
15,840
0?
1930
Highway
 United States

Pensacola Bay Bridge
(US 98 over Pensacola Bay in Florida)
4,767.1
15,640
0?
1960 (new)
Highway
 United States

Evergreen Point Floating Bridge
(State Route 520 across Lake Washington in Washington state)
2,310
7,580
(Viaduct) [52]
1963
Highway
 United States

Vikramshila Setu
4,700
15,400
(Viaduct)
2001
Road
 India

Dingziwan Cross-Sea Bridge[53][54]
4,700
15,400
376
1,234
2012
Highway
 China

Vembanad Rail Bridge, Kochi
4,620
15,160
40
130 (x99)
2011
Rail
 India

Digha–Sonpur Bridge
4,556
14,948
123
404 (x36)
2016
Road & Rail
 India

Lindsay C. Warren Bridge[55]/Alligator River Bridge
(US 64 over the Alligator River in North Carolina)
4,550
14,930
0?
1960
Highway
 United States

Gandy Bridge (Eastbound)
(US 92 over Old Tampa Bay in Florida)
4,529
14,859
0?
1975
Highway
 United States

Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge
(over the St. Marys River between I-75 in Michigan and Ontario)
4,480
14,700
132
433
1962
Highway
 United States and
 Canada

Yeongjong Bridge
4,420
14,500
300
980
2000
Road
 South Korea

Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge[56]
4,398
14,429[57]
500
1,600
2002
Expressway
 China

Aqua Bridge (Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line)
4,384
14,383
240
790
1997
Road
 Japan

Amur Bay Bridge (ru)
4,364
14,318
(Viaduct)
2012
Road
 Russia

Arrah–Chhapra Bridge
4,350
14,270
120
390 (x16)
2017[58]
Road
 India

Ponte Salgueiro Maia
4,300
14,100
250
820
2000
Highway
 Portugal

Bayside Bridge
(County Road 611 over Old Tampa Bay in Pinellas County, Florida)
4,270
14,010
(Viaduct)
1993
Highway
 United States

Hochstraße Elbmarsch[59]
4,258
13,970
(Viaduct)
1974
Road
 Germany

Bubiyan Island Railway Bridge
4,245
13,927[60]
(Viaduct)
2011[61]
Rail
 Kuwait

Commodore Barry Bridge
(US 322 over the Delaware River between New Jersey and Pennsylvania)
4,240
13,910
501
1,644
1974
Highway
 United States

Gandy Bridge (Westbound)
(US 92 over Old Tampa Bay in Florida)
4,226
13,865
0?
1997
Highway
 United States

Escambia Bay Bridge
(I-10 over Escambia Bay in Florida)
4,224
13,858
0?
2004 (new)
Highway
 United States

Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
(I-278 across The Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island, New York)
4,176
13,701
1,298
4,259
1964
Highway
 United States

Greenville Bridge
(US 278 and US 82 over the Mississippi River between Mississippi and Arkansas)
4,133
13,560
420
1,380
2007
Highway
 United States

Kovvur–Rajahmundry Bypass Bridge
(4th Godavari Bridge)
4,135
13,566
50
160 (x82)
2015
Road
 India

Godavari Road-Cum-Rail Bridge
4,100
13,500
91.5
300 (x27)
1974
Road & Rail
 India

Rosario-Victoria Bridge
4,098
13,445
350
1,150
2003
Road
 Argentina

Crescent City Connection
(US 90 Business over the Mississippi River in Louisiana)
4,093
13,428
480
1,570
1958
Highway
 United States

Anghel Saligny Bridge
(over the Danube)
4,088
13,412[62]
190
620
1895
Rail
 Romania

Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge
(US 17 over the Cooper River in South Carolina)
4,023
13,199
471
1,545
2005
Highway
 United States

Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge
4,015
13,173
1,030
3,380
1999
Highway
 Japan

Fred Hartman Bridge
(State Highway 146 over the Houston Ship Channel in Texas)
4,000
13,000
381
1,250
1995
Highway
 United States

Vicksburg Bridge / Chris Smith Bridge
(I-20 over the Mississippi River between Mississippi and Louisiana)
3,954
12,972
265
869
1973
Highway
 United States

Köhlbrandbrücke
3,940
12,930
520
1,710
1974
Road
 Germany

John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River)
(State Highway 10 over Mississippi River in Louisiana)
3,927
12,884
482
1,581
2011
Road
 United States

Herbert C. Bonner Bridge[63]
(State Highway 12 over Oregon Inlet in North Carolina)
3,921
12,864
(Viaduct)
1963
Road
 United States

Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
3,911
12,831
1,991
6,532
1998
Highway
 Japan

Lupu Bridge
3,900
12,800
550
1,800
2003
Road
 China

Suez Canal Bridge
3,900
12,800
440
1,440
2001
Road
 Egypt

Yuribey Bridge
3,892.9
12,772
110
360
2009
Rail
 Russia

Khabarovsk Bridge
3,890.5
12,764[64]
127.4
418 (x18)
1916
1999
Road & Rail
 Russia

The First Kitakami River Bridge[65]
Tōhoku Shinkansen
3,868
12,690
0?
1982
High-speed rail
 Japan

Zacatal Bridge
3,861
12,667
(Viaduct)
1994
Road
 Mexico

Ponte della Libertà
3,850
12,630
0?
1846
1933
Road & Rail
 Italy

Queen Isabella Causeway
(State Park Road 100 over Laguna Madre in Texas)
3,810
12,500
0?
1974
Road
 United States

Santhià Viaduct[66]
3,782
12,408
0?
2006
Rail
 Italy

Sky Gate Bridge R (ja)[67]
Kansai Airport Line / Nankai Airport Line
3,750
12,300
150
490
1994
Road & Rail
 Japan

North South MRT Line (Lentor North - Marsiling)
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
12,200
40,000
(Viaduct)
1988 - 1996
Metro
 Singapore

CNR Bonnet Carré Spillway-McComb Bridge
(Canadian National Railway over Bonnet Carré Spillway in Louisiana)
3,702
12,146
(Viaduct)
1936
Rail
 United States

Rodoferroviária Bridge
3,700
12,100
100
330
1998
Road & Rail
 Brazil

Nhật Tân Bridge
3,700
12,100
300
980 (x4)
2015
Highway
 Vietnam

Munger Ganga Bridge
3,692
12,113
125
410 (x29)
2016
Road & Rail
 India

Vinh Tuy Bridge
3,690
12,110
135
443
2008
Road
 Vietnam

Dona Ana Bridge
3,670
12,040
80
260
1934
Rail
 Mozambique

Walt Whitman Bridge
(I-76 over Delaware River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey)
3,652
11,982
610
2,000
1957
Highway
 United States

Humen Pearl River Bridge
3,618
11,870
888
2,913
1997
Expressway
 China

Ayrton Senna Bridge
3,607
11,834
50
160
1998
Road
 Brazil

Panipat Elevated Expressway
3,600
11,800
(Viaduct)
2008
Highway
 India

Rio Negro Bridge
3,595
11,795
200
660 (x2)
2011
Road
 Brazil

Fadalto Viaduct[68]
3,567
11,703
0?
1995
Highway
 Italy

Irabu Bridge R (ja)[69]
Between Miyako Island and Irabu Island, Ryukyu Island
3,540
11,610
180
590
2015
Road
 Japan

Thang Long Bridge
3,500
11,500
0?
1978
Road
 Vietnam

San Diego–Coronado Bridge
(State Route 75 over San Diego Bay in California)
3,407
11,178
200
660 (x2)
1969
Highway
 United States

Mozambique Island Bridge[70]
3,400
11,200[71]
(Viaduct)
1969
Road
 Mozambique

Lake Jesup Bridge
(State Road 417 over Lake Jesup in Florida)
3,379
11,086
0?
1993
Highway
 United States

Saint-Nazaire Bridge
3,356
11,010
404
1,325
1974
Road
 France

King Fahd Causeway Bridge II
3,334
10,938[72]
0?
1986
Road
 Saudi Arabia and
 Bahrain

Third Bridge
3,300
10,800
260
850
1989
Road
 Brazil

Delaware Memorial Bridge (Westbound)
(I-295 and US 40 over the Delaware River from New Jersey to Delaware)
3,291
10,797
655
2,149
1968
Highway
 United States

Delaware Memorial Bridge (Eastbound)
(I-295 and US 40 over the Delaware River from Delaware to New Jersey)
3,281
10,764
655
2,149
1951
Highway
 United States

La Unidad Bridge
3,277
10,751[73]
(Viaduct)
1982
Road
 Mexico

Tay Rail Bridge[74]
3,265
10,712
38
125
1887
Rail
 United Kingdom

Hale Boggs Memorial Bridge
(I-310 over the Mississippi River in Louisiana)
3,261
10,699
376
1,234
1983
Highway
 United States

Chahlari Ghat Bridge
3,260
10,700
0?
2017
Road
 India

Dames Point Bridge
(I-295 over the St. Johns River in Florida east of Jacksonville)
3,245
10,646
396
1,299
1989
Highway
 United States

Great South Bay Bridge
(Robert Moses Causeway over Great South Bay in Long Island, New York)
3,206
10,518
140
460
1954
Highway
 United States

Macleay River Bridge
3,200
10,500
34
112 (x94)
2013
Road
 Australia

Storstrøm Bridge
3,199
10,495
136
446
1937
Road & Rail
 Denmark

Second Orinoco crossing (Orinoquia Bridge)
3,156
10,354
300
980
2006
Road & Rail
 Venezuela

San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
(I-80 over San Francisco Bay in California)
3,141
10,305
700
2,300
1936
Highway
 United States

Kuril Flyover
3,100
10,200[75]
(Viaduct)
2013
Highway
 Bangladesh

Bridge to Russky Island
3,100
10,200
1,104
3,622
2012
Road
 Russia

La Pepa Bridge
3,092
10,144
540
1,770
2015
Road
 Spain

Thanh Tri Bridge
3,084
10,118
130
430
2008
Road
 Vietnam

Heishipu Bridge[76]
3,068
10,066
162
531
2004
Expressway
 China

Jawahar Setu
3,061
10,043
0?
1965
Road
 India

Talmadge Memorial Bridge
(US 17 over the Savannah River in Georgia)
3,060
10,040
335
1,099
1990
Highway
 United States

Nehru Setu
3,059
10,036
32.5
107 (x93)
1900
Rail
 India

Kolia Bhomora Setu
3,015
9,892
120
390 (x24)
1987
Road
 India

Ponte Conde de Linhares
3,000
9,800
0?
1634
Road
 India

Jiangyin Bridge
3,000
9,800
1,385
4,544
1999
Expressway
 China

Korthi-Kolhar Bridge[77]
3,000
9,800
0?
2006
Road
 India

C310 Viaduct[78]
3,000
9,800
0?
2007
High-speed rail
 Taiwan

text: Under construction[edit]

text:
Name
Length
Main Span
Completed
Traffic
Country

m
ft
m
ft

Zhoushan Yangshan Bridge
130,000
426,509[79]

2019[80]
Road & Rail
 China

2nd Hangzhou Bay Bridge[81]
66,000
217,000
0?
2020?
Road & Rail
 China

Dhaka Elevated Expressway[82]
46,700
153,200
Viaduct
2021?
Expressway
 Bangladesh

Jakarta-Cikampek 2 Elevated Toll Road
36,840
120,870
Viaduct
2019
Highway
 Indonesia

Temburong Bridge
30,000
98,000
260
850
2019
Highway
 Brunei Darussalam

Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway (main causeway)
27,000
89,000[83]
200
660
2018[84]
Expressway
 Kuwait

Mumbai Trans Harbour Link
21,800
71,522

2023
Road
 India

Dhaka Metro[85]
20,100
65,900
Viaduct
2019?
Metro
 Bangladesh

Chennai Port – Maduravoyal Expressway
19,000
62,000
0?
unknown
(on hold)
Road
 India

Crimean Bridge
18,100
59,400
227
745 (x2)
2019
Road & Rail
 Russia

Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway (Doha link)
12,400
40,700[86]
0?
2018[84]
Expressway
 Kuwait

Digha-AIIMS Elevated Tollway[citation needed]
11,900
39,000
34
112 (x380)
2019
Highway
 India

Third Orinoco Crossing (es) (Mercosur Bridge)[87][88]
11,100
36,400
360
1,180
unknown
(on hold)[89]
Road & Rail
 Venezuela

Second Saecheonnyeon Bridge[90]
10,800
35,400
650
2,130 (x2)
2018
Road
 South Korea

Kacchi Dargah–Bidupur Bridge
9,760
32,020
0?
2020
Road
 India

Moghbazar mouchak flyover[91]
8,700
28,500
Viaduct
2017
Motorway
 Bangladesh

Padma Bridge[92]
6,150
20,180
150
490 (x41)
2018
Road & Rail
 Bangladesh

Manihari–Sahibganj Bridge[93]
6,000
20,000
0?
2019
Road
 India

Bakhtiyarpur–Tajpur Bridge
5,580
18,310
125
410[94] (x43)
2018
Road
 India

Jajmau Bypass[citation needed]
5,000
16,000
0?
2013[needs update]
Road
 India

Bogibeel Bridge[95]
4,940
16,210
125
410 (x39)
2017
Road & Rail
 India

Podilsko-Voskresensky Bridge[96]
4,430
14,530
344
1,129
unknown
(on hold)
Road & Metro
 Ukraine

Sydney Metro Northwest Skytrain
4,413
14,478
270
886
2019
Metro
 Australia