document_title: List of The Little Mermaid characters

question_text: what is the name of the seagull in little mermaid

question_tokens: what is the name of the seagull in little mermaid

text: List of The Little Mermaid characters

text: The Little Mermaid[edit]

text: Ariel[edit]

text: Ariel is the title character of the franchise, save the second film in which she is a secondary character. Ariel is voiced by Jodi Benson and designed by Glen Keane. Ariel is the seventh-born and the youngest daughter of king Triton and queen Athena of the merfolk, and over the course of the original film becomes human and marries Eric, a human prince. She is the only Disney Princess to reach parenthood in Disney's animated film canon.

text: Eric[edit]

text:
Eric

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements and John Musker (adaptation)

Portrayed by
Gil McKinney (Once Upon a Time)

Voiced by
C.D. Barnes (1989 film and Kingdom Hearts II)
Jeff Bennett (TV series)
Rob Paulsen (The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea)

Information

Aliases
Prince Eric
King Eric

Family
Princess Ariel (wife)
Princess Melody (daughter)
King Triton (father-in-law)
Queen Athena (mother-in-law; deceased)
Princess Ariel's sisters (sisters-in-law)

Nationality
Danish

tag: table

text: Eric is based on the "prince" character of Hans Christian Andersen's story "The Little Mermaid" but adapted by the writer-directors Ron Clements and John Musker for the film adaptation. According to the film's official novelization, Eric had just turned 18 in the film, which would make him two years older than Ariel.[1] Eric is voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes in the original film and Kingdom Hearts II, by Jeff Bennett in the prequel television series, and by Rob Paulsen in the direct-to-video sequel. For the original film, Joshua Finkel acted opposite Sherri Stoner as Ariel in providing live-action references for the animators. Prince Eric is the only prince in the "Disney Princess" franchise that does not sing in the original movie.

text: Eric is a human prince who is rescued by Ariel when he almost drowns in a storm at sea. Ariel drags him to shore and sings to him, but before he can fully regain consciousness, Max and his servant Grimsby arrive, forcing Ariel to dive underwater. Eric is haunted by Ariel's voice, and searches the kingdom for her to no avail. When he crosses paths with Ariel again, she has traded her voice for legs, and though he initially finds her familiar, her lack of a voice makes him think that she cannot be the girl who rescued him. However, he brings her back to his palace and they spend time together. Eric develops feelings for Ariel, but before he can approach her about them, Ursula, disguised as a human girl named Vanessa, arrives and magically hypnotizes Eric into forgetting about Ariel and believing that she Vanessa is the one who saved his life. Eric almost marries Vanessa, but Ariel and her friends intervene, breaking Ursula's spell and restoring Ariel's voice to her. Eric realizes that Ariel is the girl he has been looking for, but before they can kiss, the sun sets and Ursula claims Ariel. Eric goes after them, diving into the sea to help Ariel. In the battle that follows, Eric climbs on to a ship and charges it towards Ursula, plunging the splintered prow into her belly. Eric manages to reach the shore, and when he wakes, he sees Ariel, transformed back into a human, and the two embrace. The film ends with their wedding.

text: Eric makes cameo appearances in three episodes of the prequel television series: Thingamajigger (a non-speaking appearance) Scuttle and Ariel's Treasures.

text: In the 2000 direct-to-video sequel, Eric is a supporting character. Although he and Ariel are happily married and they become king and queen of his land, they are threatened by the sea witch Morgana, who wishes to avenge her dead sister, Ursula. He and Ariel decide to raise their daughter Melody away from the sea, and keep her merfolk heritage secret.

text: In the 2007 Broadway musical, the role of Eric was originated by Sean Palmer. It is explained through dialogue that Eric's father has died, and it is Grimsby's duty to help Eric find a bride so he can return to the throne properly, despite Eric's affinity for exploring the seas. Eric contributes singing vocals to the opening song "Fathoms Below", and performs two solo songs: "Her Voice", a song about Eric's obsession with Ariel's voice that had been written for the original film but discarded, and "One Step Closer", a new song where Eric helps Ariel express herself through dance. Eric also provides vocals in the quartet "If Only", where he expresses confusion over his attraction to Ariel, and his fear that if he finds the girl with the right voice, he might lose Ariel. A new subplot in the stage musical is a singing competition where the eligible princesses in all the land are invited to sing for Eric. The princesses perform in the song "The Contest", which is set to the tune of Ariel's song "Part of Your World". At the end of the performance, Ariel dances for Eric, and he chooses her. The role was also performed by Drew Seeley.

text: Prince Eric appears in season three of the ABC series Once Upon A Time, where is played by actor Gil McKinney. He first appears in the episode "Ariel" in which he was rescued by Ariel from drowning, and Ariel has used her once-in-a-year ability to gain legs to see him at his ball. Eric is enchanted by Ariel at the ball, commenting that she appears familiar to him. Eric invites Ariel to join him on an expedition around the world which is leaving the following morning. He waits for her as long as he is able, but she doesn't come to him due to events beyond her control. It is later revealed that Eric was transported to the town of Storybrooke after The Evil Queen/Regina Mills cast a curse over his land. Ariel, who now has the ability to become human whenever she wants, later finds Eric working as a fisherman in Storybrooke and the two of them reunite.

text: Sebastian[edit]

text: Sebastian is a red Jamaican crab and a servant of king Triton, and also his main musical composer. His main song is "Under The Sea". He is voiced by Samuel E. Wright.

text: Flounder[edit]

text:
Flounder

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Ron Clements & John Musker

Voiced by
Jason Marin (1989 film & Sebastian From The Little Mermaid album)
Edan Gross (TV series; Season 1)
Bradley Pierce (TV series; Seasons 2–3)
Cam Clarke (sequel)
Anthony Skillman (Disney Princess: Enchanted Journey)
Parker Goris (prequel film, Kingdom Hearts series)

text: Flounder is a bright yellow and blue colored tropical fish (despite the name, he is not a flounder) and Ariel's best friend, voiced by Jason Marin in the 1989 film, who also provided vocals in-character for the tie-in music album Sebastian From The Little Mermaid. Flounder scares easily, and is prone to panicking under stressful situations like a single shark breaching the sunken ship, but when Ariel is in trouble, he comes through for her without hesitation. In the film he is the only character to give unconditional support for Ariel's fascination with human things, and at one point gives Ariel a statue of Eric as a gift.

text: Flounder appears in all the episodes of the prequel television series, sharing constant adventures with Ariel and in the episode "The Evil Manta", shown how he first met Ariel when they were children. According to the television series, Flounder's real name is "Guppy Number 35". In the series, he is voiced by Edan Gross and Bradley Pierce.

text: Flounder also appears in Jim Henson's Little Mermaid's Island where he has a twin sister named Sandy and is voiced by Veronica Taylor.

text: Flounder has a small role in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, where he is reunited with a grown-up Ariel and takes part in the search for Ariel and Eric's daughter Melody. He grew up and became a father himself, with five children of his own and he first meets Melody in Morgana's lair. In this film, he is voiced by Cam Clarke.

text: He has a larger role in The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, which shows an alternate version of how he first meets Ariel and later unknowingly leads her to the Catfish Club. His characterization is notably different in this movie; he does not scare as easily and is much more carefree and high-spirited. He performs beatboxing that kicks off a reprise of "Jump In The Line (Shake, Senora)" when he, Ariel, Sebastian and the Catfish Club Band are on the run from Atlantica. In this film, he is voiced by Parker Goris.

text: Flounder appears in the Kingdom Hearts series, where his role as Ariel's friend remains. His biggest role in the series is in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, where Ursula kidnapped him to force Ariel to give her the trident. He also sings his part in the song called "A New Day is Dawning". He also appears in Disney Princess: Enchanted Journey as Ariel's sidekick and is voiced by Anthony Skillman. He is also a remote-controlled playable character in the same game seen holding a big conch shell on his head with your help to catch the voice orbs.

text: At the Disney theme parks, Flounder makes cameo appearances in the Mickey's Philharmagic 3D show and in the Hong Kong Disneyland version of "It's a Small World". He has also appeared in the parks as a walk-around character, but mostly in parades, shows and special events such as "Mickey's Pirate & Princess Party".

text: Flounder appears in the stage adaptation of The Little Mermaid. His supporting role is similar as in the film, but he does not give Ariel the statue of Eric, and does not help Ariel reach Eric's wedding barge, as the Vanessa subplot has been removed. However, Flounder performs a new song titled "She's in Love", which he sings with Ariel's sisters when they notice that Ariel has been acting "fishy lately". The stage role was originated by Cody Hanford and J.J. Singleton, but the two actors had to leave the show when their height overshot that of Sierra Boggess, who originated Ariel. The role was taken over by Trevor Braun and Brian D'Addario. On the Original Broadway Cast Recording, Brian D'Addario performs as Flounder.

text: Scuttle[edit]

text:
Scuttle

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Ron Clements and John Musker

Voiced by
Buddy Hackett (film, sequel & The Little Mermaid: Songs from the Sea)
Maurice LaMarche (all other appearances except ride)
Chris Edgerly (The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure)

text: Scuttle (scully) is a seagull and friend of Ariel, voiced by Buddy Hackett in the 1989 film and 2000 sequel. He appears as an expert on human objects with whom Ariel consults about items she salvages, though his identifications consist of nonsense. He wrongly names a fork a "dinglehopper" and says that it is used as a comb, and a smoking pipe a "snarfblatt" while claiming it works like a trumpet. Despite his erroneous information on human things, Scuttle provides support and advice when he learns that Ariel has to win Eric's heart in three days. On the third day, Scuttle is the one who discovers that Vanessa, the woman Eric has decided to marry instead, is actually Ursula. He immediately tells Ariel this information, and helps stall the wedding with help from other marine creatures so to allow Ariel to arrive and confront Eric (as well as smashing Ursula's shell that held Ariel's voice, thus restoring it and freeing Eric from Ursula's spell).

text: Scuttle appears in a small role in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, where he helps Ariel find her daughter Melody, who has run away.

text: Scuttle appears in two episodes of the third season of the prequel television series in which he is voiced by Maurice LaMarche. The episodes he appears in are "Scuttle", where Ariel, Flounder and Sebastian meet him for the first time (in which he claims his name was originally "Scuttlebutt" but he changed it "for obvious reasons"), and "The Island of Fear". In these episodes, Scuttle's explanation of human things is a mixture of correct and erroneous. Scuttle also made a cameo appearance in an episode of Quack Pack.

text: In The Little Mermaid: Songs from the Sea, Scuttle performs a song called "The Scuttle Strut" on track 3.

text: Scuttle appears in the stage adaptation of the original film, where he sings two songs: "Human Stuff", where he explains the human things Ariel has brought to him, and "Positoovity", where he encourages a now-human Ariel to be positive in achieving her goal of winning Eric. The role is originated by Eddie Korbich. In the stage musical, Scuttle has a group of seagull friends, and together they perform a tap dance during the "Positoovity" number.

text: Scuttle has a non-speaking cameo in The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, appearing when Marina is on a rock at the surface (animated the same way with Ariel when she sings a reprise for "Part of Your World") and is splashed by a wave.

text: Ursula[edit]

text: Ursula appears in the 1989 film. She is voiced by Pat Carroll, who also provides her vocals for all the canonical animated media. Ursula is based on the "sea witch/sorceress" character in Hans Christian Andersen's story "The Little Mermaid".

text: Triton[edit]

text:
Triton

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (adaptation)

Voiced by
Kenneth Mars (1989 film, TV series, sequel, Kingdom Hearts series)
Jim Cummings (prequel film)

Aliases
King Triton
Sea King
Red

text: Triton is the king of Atlantica and Ariel's father. In the Hans Christian Andersen version, the sea king is unnamed and is not prejudiced towards humans. In the first two films, the TV series and the Kingdom Hearts games, he was voiced by Kenneth Mars; in the prequel film, he is voiced by Jim Cummings. According to the film's directors Ron Clements and John Musker, the clashes of personality between him and Ariel is because they are both strong-willed and independent, and it is revealed in the television series that Triton and Ariel are stubborn.[2] Triton wields a powerful trident, which is the source of his supposedly unlimited power. The character is inspired by the son of the Greek sea god Poseidon, although the actual Triton is from Greek mythology and has two finned feet.

text: In The Little Mermaid, Triton is prejudiced towards humans, believing them to be nothing but savage fish eaters, and Ariel's fascination with humans has caused their relationship to become very strained. According to Triton, it is illegal to make contact between humans and merpeople; and he orders his servant, Sebastian, to look after Ariel. When Triton discovers that Ariel saved the life of and has fallen in love with a human, he loses his temper and destroys most of her grotto filled with her collection of human artifacts despite his daughter's objections; this action of his ultimately damages their relationship. Devastated by his recent actions, Triton orders a search for Ariel to apologize, not knowing that she has accepted Ursula's deal and become a human. Triton is distraught over his daughter's disappearance, and when Sebastian arrives with news of Ursula's scheme, Triton goes to Ursula, offering to take his daughter's place. He is transformed into a polyp, but when Ursula is killed by Eric, he is restored to his original form and regains his crown and trident. Realizing that Ariel truly loves Eric and that all his beliefs about all humans in general being bad; were completely wrong, Triton willingly transforms his daughter back into a human.

text: Triton is a regular character in the prequel television series, in which he is explicitly called the son of Poseidon. A number of episodes show him getting into conflict with Ariel, but it is always resolved in a positive manner, showing a close relationship between father and daughter; for example, in the episode Charmed, when Ariel gets a human charm bracelet locked around her wrist, she could not return because Triton would lose his temper again after he destroyed a magnifying glass she discovered earlier. However, after Ariel gets lost, Triton eventually finds her and uses the key to unlock the bracelet and feels apologetic for his actions. In the episode "Red", Triton regresses into a young merboy, reversing the role as Ariel has to worry and take care of him instead. As a young boy, his nickname is "Red", for his red hair. Coincidentally, as a boy, Triton himself is fascinated with humans and human objects; complete reversal of his prejudice towards humans as an adult. He sometimes agrees with Ariel in some episodes like "Land of the Dinosaurs", in which he understands that the dinosaurs are good after they have been thawed.

text: Triton appears in the sequel The Little Mermaid II: Return To The Sea, in which he has learned to trust humans and interact with them. His weakness is his love for his granddaughter Melody, which is exploited by Morgana. However, when Triton regains his trident, he traps Morgana in a massive ice cube.

text: In the 2008 direct-to-DVD prequel The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, the prologue shows Triton with his wife Athena. Athena is accidentally crushed to death by a pirate ship, and a distraught Triton bans music from Atlantica and forces everyone to follow a strict daily schedule. Ariel's free-spirited personality causes a strain on their relationship. He eventually comes to realize his mistakes, pardons Sebastian, lifts the ban on music and appoints Sebastian as his court composer. Jim Cummings replaces Kenneth Mars as the voice of King Triton, due to Mars's pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

text: In the stage musical, Triton is Ursula's older brother, and reveals that a reason he is overprotective of Ariel is because she reminds him of her late mother. In this version, Triton and Ursula are equals, and when their father died, they were each given equal share of the sea and one magical item each; Triton received the trident and Ursula received a magic Nautilus shell. When Ursula began to abuse her power, Triton exiled her, though he did not take away her Nautilus shell. The musical contains new songs that were written for his character; "That World Above (reprise)" in which he confronts Ariel in her grotto and destroys it, "If Only (quartet)" in which he expresses regret over his behavior towards Ariel, and "If Only (reprise)" in which he lets Ariel go to be with Eric. The stage role is originated by Norm Lewis.

text: In the Kingdom Hearts series of video games, Triton still plays the role of over-protective father and king of Atlantica. In the first game, his relationship with Ariel becomes strained due to his daughter's desire to see other worlds, and he initially distrusts Sora, Donald and Goofy when they first arrive in Atlantica, having somehow heard of the negative part of the Keyblade legend, but eventually respects Sora when Ursula is defeated and locks the world's keyhole. In Kingdom Hearts II, Triton's relationship with Ariel is strained, this time thanks to Ariel's fascination with the human world. He asks Sora, Donald and Goofy to take part in the music concert with Ariel, but Sora ignores Triton's request and helps Ariel become human to find and fall in love with Eric. He is also part of the song called "A New Day is Dawning". After Ursula is defeated once again, he respectfully bids a final farewell to Sora. He also appears in The Princess and the Frog as a parade float.

text: Ariel's sisters[edit]

text:
Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella and Alana

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (adaptation)

Voiced by
Attina:
Caroline Vasicek (first film)
Kath Soucie (TV episodes)
Christie Houser (Kingdom Hearts II)
Kari Wahlgren (prequel film)
Alana:
Kimmy Robertson (TV episodes and first film)
Jennifer Hale (prequel film)
Adella:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Sherry Lynn (TV episodes)
Tara Strong (prequel film)
Aquata:
Caroline Vasicek (first film)
Mona Marshall (TV episodes)
Grey DeLisle (prequel film)
Arista:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Mary Kay Bergman (TV episodes)
Grey DeLisle (prequel film)
Andrina:
Kimmy Robertson (first film)
Catherine Cavadini (TV episodes)
Susan Stevens Logan (Kingdom Hearts II)
Tara Strong (prequel film)

Aliases
Mersisters

text: Ariel has six older sisters named Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella and Alana. They are the maternal aunts of Melody and the sisters-in-law of Eric. In the 1989 film, they are voiced by Kimmy Robertson and Caroline Vasicek, and perform the song "Daughters of Triton." Later on in the film, Andrina, Attina, Adella and Aquata make a brief appearance together with Ariel in what appears to be the palace dressing room intended for all the sisters. In that scene, Ariel emerges from behind a curtain of seaweed swimming dreamily and humming a few lines from "Part of Your World". The sisters notice the change in Ariel's conduct and conclude in front of their father that Ariel is in love. All six sisters appear again in the end of the film together with King Triton, smiling and waving to Ariel after she gets married to Eric.

text: In the second film, the sisters play a minor role with only Attina, Andrina, Aquata and Adella having dialogue, and Arista appearing in a non-speaking role.

text: The age order of the sisters is debatable. In the original film, they sing "Daughter of Triton" and announce themselves in this order: Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella, Alana. This had led many to believe that was the proper birth order. Various official Disney media that was released from 1989 onward alsoseemed to use this as their birth order. [3] The comic "Serpent Teen" stated that Aquata is the eldest and the future ruler, [4] but the comic "Underwater Wedding," clearly stated that Attina was the eldest. The 2008 film The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning also made it clear that Attina was the oldest. Also, the DVD's Vanity Game feature states that the age order is Attina - 21, Alana - 20, Adella - 19, Aquata - 18, Arista - 17, Andrina - 16 and Ariel - 15. However, in the same film, Adella states that she is two years older than Ariel, meaning she would only be 17.

text:
Aquata has a blue tail and a matching seashell bra. She has brown eyes and wears her brown hair in a ponytail with white pearl decorations. In the prequel film she's the fourth-born sister. She has a little pink seahorse doll named Mr. Fuzzyfinkle; she argues with Arista because she steals her things and is hysterical and a very bad dancer. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She is voiced by Caroline Vasicek in the first film, Mona Marshall in the TV series, and Grey DeLisle in the prequel.
Andrina has a purple tail and a magenta seashell bra. She has hazel eyes and wears her blonde hair in a bun topped with a pink shell decoration. In the prequel film she's the sixth-born sister and is a humorous genius who likes jokes and sarcasm. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Cathy Cavadini in the TV series, and Tara Strong in the prequel.
Arista has a red tail and a matching seashell bra. She has ice blue eyes and wears her pale blonde hair in a ponytail with dark pink decorations. In the television series, it is revealed that Arista and Ariel have a troublesome relationship and Arista admits she's jealous of Ariel's free spirit and envies her adventures. She is vain, ironical, selfish yet kind and helps her sisters in need. She's also athletic. In the prequel film she's the fifth-born sister and is a ditzy, sweet-natured kleptomaniac who borrows Aquata's personal belongings without permission and argues with her every time. She also has a love of music (possibly because she was named after Arista Records), and quickly masters the trombone when she and her sisters watch Sabastian and his band perform. She is a minor character in the first film and makes a very brief cameo in the second film and is also a minor character in the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Mary Kay Bergman in the TV series, and Grey DeLisle in the prequel.
Attina has an orange tail and a matching seashell bra. She has green eyes and wears her light brown hair in an up-do with a thorny orange crown. In the prequel film, Attina is the first-born sister. She's a bookworm and the most clever of her sisters. She's the voice of the conscience and gives advice to her sisters, especially Ariel. Attina has the motherly role of the family and blames herself for her mother's death because her tail fins were stuck in a rock when the pirate ship bore down on the kingdom, and her mother swam out into the open to free her, causing Athena to be crushed by the bow of the ship. She is responsible and loves her sisters and cares for them as their mother. Aside from Ariel herself, she appears to be the sister who was closest to Athena; she even keeps a picture of her mother and father on her vanity and writes in her diary that she wants to be just like her mother when she becomes queen. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Caroline Vasicek in the first film, Kath Soucie in the TV series, and Kari Wahlgren in the prequel.
Adella has a yellow tail and a chartreuse green seashell bra. Apart from Ariel, she's the only sister whose tail doesn't match her shell bra. She has teal eyes and wears her dark brown hair in a ponytail with golden pearl decorations. She is chubby in the TV series, but in the third and original films, she has the same elegant, slim figure as her sisters. In the third film's extra content, she's the third-born sister and is 19; however, she states in the film that she is two years older than Aril-making her 17 and presumably the fifth-born sister. In this film, she is boy crazy who loves to kiss boys and flirts with them. She is a minor character in the first and second film and the TV series and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film, Sherry Lynn in the TV series, and Tara Strong in the prequel.
Alana has a pink tail and a purple seashell bra. She has violet eyes and wears her black hair with a small pink crown. In the prequel film she's the second-born sister and is also the glamorous one who makes her own beauty products. She's a minor character in the first film and TV series (she makes only a cameo appearance in the second film) and is a main character in the prequel. She's voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the first film and TV series, and by Jennifer Hale in the prequel.

tag: ul

text: The sisters appear in the Broadway stage musical version, in which they perform the song "She's in Love" with Flounder to describe Ariel's new behavior after saving Eric. The sisters also make in-character appearances on the music albums "Songs from the Sea".

text: Flotsam and Jetsam[edit]

text:
Flotsam and Jetsam

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Created by
Hans Christian Andersen (original story)
Ron Clements & John Musker (film adaptation)

Voiced by
Paddi Edwards (original)
Corey Burton (Kingdom Hearts series and Disney parks)

text: Flotsam and Jetsam are Ursula's green moray eel minions, voiced by Paddi Edwards in the 1989 film. They do Ursula's bidding and act as her spies, keeping their eye on the events unfolding in and around Atlantica. They are tasked with following Ariel and reporting her actions back to Ursula. They eventually manipulate Ariel into visiting Ursula in order to gain human legs. They are ultimately killed in the film's climax when Ursula accidentally destroys them with King Triton's trident after Ariel sabotages Ursula's attempt to kill Eric. Out of remorse for killing her minions, Ursula mourns for them before turning her rage towards Ariel and Eric.

text: Flotsam and Jetsam appear in the prequel television series alongside Ursula. They also appear in the Broadway stage musical, where the roles were originated by Tyler Maynard and Derrick Baskin.

text: Grimsby[edit]

text:
Grimsby

First appearance
The Little Mermaid (1989)

Last appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000)

Voiced by
Ben Wright (1989 film
Brian Cummings (TV series)
Kay E. Kuter (The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea)

Information

Aliases
Grim

Nationality
Danish

text: Grimsby is Eric's manservant and confidant. He is voiced by Ben Wright in the original film. In the opening scene, Grimsby is shown as not having the stomach for the sea, and dismisses the sailors' stories about merpeople living under the sea. Through dialogue, Grimsby reveals that he worries for Eric, and has been hoping that the prince will settle down with the right girl. For Eric's birthday, Grimsby presents a statue he had commissioned of Eric in a dramatic pose. Though Eric and Max disapprove of the statue, Grimsby is proud of it. Later, when Ariel has become human, Grimsby grows fond of her and encourages Eric to give up his dream girl for one "of flesh and blood".

text: Grimsby appears briefly in the sequel, in which he is voiced by Kay E. Kuter.

text: In the 2007 stage musical adaptation, Grimsby says that the reason he wants Eric to marry is because he (Grimsby) had made a promise to Eric's late father to ensure it. Though Grimsby is reluctant to believe Eric's story of being saved from drowning by a girl, he comes up with the idea of holding a contest in which the princesses of the land are to sing for Eric, in the hopes that one of them will be the right girl. In the stage musical, the role is originated by Jonathan Freeman.

text: Max[edit]

text: Max is an Old English Sheepdog and Eric's pet. Unlike all the other animals in the film, Max is minimally anthropomorphic and does not speak in the human language. Max's barking and growling is provided by Frank Welker throughout his animated incarnations.

text: During Eric's birthday celebration, Max catches Ariel's scent and tracks her down, licking her on the cheek in an apparent show of affection. When the ship catches fire, the sailors escape safely, but Max is left behind. Seeing this, Eric dives out of his lifeboat and climbs back on board, grabbing Max and tossing him to safety. Later, when Eric is brought to shore safely by Ariel, Max smells out his master and rushes out to greet him. Max is also able to smell Ariel who is hidden off-shore behind rocks, but Eric does not understand his barking. After Ariel has made her deal with Ursula and is brought to shore as a human, Max leads Eric to her, recognizing her as the same person, though Eric cannot. Eventually, Ursula herself appears in the guise of a human girl named Vanessa to distract Eric from kissing Ariel before the third day is up, but Max is the only character in the human world who can fully see Vanessa for who she really is and is seen growling furiously at her, and during her and Eric's wedding, she kicks him directly in the face. When Scuttle and the sea animals try to stop the wedding, Max assists and gets his revenge by biting her in her rear end, giving Scuttle the leverage to break the conch shell containing Ariel's voice. At Eric and Ariel's wedding, Max gives affection licks on their faces.

text: Max makes a few brief appearances in the prequel television series and the direct-to-video sequel, and is the only named character of the original film (other than Vanessa) who does not appear in the 2007 stage musical.

text: Louie[edit]

text: Louie is the chef in Eric's castle, voiced by René Auberjonois. His accent implies that he is French, and he performs the song "Les Poissons" in which he happily cooks seafood in the castle kitchen. According to dialogue by Carlotta the house maid, Louie's specialty is stuffed crab. This puts him at odds with Sebastian, who accidentally ends up in his kitchen and frantically tries to get away from him. This rivalry is extended to the wedding in the finale, where the chef again chases Sebastian in an attempt to cut him up. Sebastian defeats him by knocking him out with a wooden plank shattering his teeth. The rivalry is shown again in the sequel The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, with no change between the two.

text: He also stars in one of the episodes of Disney's Marsupilami and Raw Toonage as a noise hating hotel guest with his victim, Sebastian as the hotel manager. Louie also makes an appearance in the episode "Ariel's Treasures" where he accidentally steps on a whisk called a "whirly twirly" by Ariel and it slips into the water when he is making recipes.

text: In the 2007 stage musical, Louie is head of a group of chefs that work in Eric's castle. He performs the song "Les Poissons". A reprise is performed by Louie and all the other chefs as they present their fish masterpieces to Ariel, Eric and Grimsby.

text: Carlotta[edit]

text: Carlotta works in Eric's castle in a role suggested to be similar to a housekeeper, though it is not stated outright. She reappears in the sequel, apparently continuing her role after Eric and Ariel are married and have a daughter of their own. She is voiced by Edie McClurg.

text: In the 2007 stage musical, Carlotta develops an affectionate maternal relationship with Ariel, whom she grows fond of. Carlotta sings in the musical number "Beyond My Wildest Dreams", where Carlotta berates the other servants who gossip about Ariel. Near the end of the musical there is a contest where the princesses of the land are to sing for Eric, in the hope that one of them will have the voice of the girl who saved his life. Carlotta is the one who encourages Ariel to step forward and dance for him in order to show her love for him.

text: Television series[edit]

text: Urchin[edit]

text: Urchin is an orphaned merboy with an olive-green tail and is one of the main characters of the prequel television series, in which he is a close friend of Ariel, Sebastian and Flounder, and often goes on adventures with them. He is voiced by Danny Cooksey.

text: Urchin first appears in the fourth episode of the series, "Urchin". In it, Urchin is seen to be an orphan who lives by himself and wants badly to have friends. He is approached by small-time villains Lobster Mobster and Da Shrimp, who bring him into their gang and use him to steal food for them. Urchin manages to steal food from the palace, but in doing so is confronted by Ariel. Ariel tries to befriend Urchin, who at first rebuffs her. Urchin shows his true colors when he helps Ariel escape after she is kidnapped by Lobster Mobster and Da Shrimp. He even stops Crab Louie from stealing from the royal treasury. This earns him a kiss from Ariel. A friendship is forged when Urchin follows Ariel's advice and apologises to King Triton for his behavior. In the episode "Trident True", Urchin plays pranks on Ariel's sisters Arista, Attina and Adella and buys a Father's Day present for King Triton, implying his closeness with the royal family, and Ariel's sisters admit that they look on him as their own little brother.

text: Gabriella[edit]

text: Gabriella is one of Ariel's friends. She is a deaf mermaid with a pink tail and matching shells who communicates with sign language. She appears in two episodes: "Wish Upon A Starfish" and "Ariel's Treasures".

text: In her first appearance, before she meets Ariel, she sees her singing the first part of a song called "Daring To Dance" and sees her twirling about a music box with a figure of a ballerina on top of it. Ariel stops abruptly upon seeing her, but Gabriella encourages her to continue. She wishes to be able to sing as beautifully as Ariel, and she identifies with Ariel's desire to dance. She decides to journey with Ariel to visit the Magical Wishing Starfish, passing through many dangers along the way. She is saddened when the Magical Wishing Starfish proves to be a fraud, but Ariel reassures her that she can express her feelings just as well through sign language. She joins Ariel in the second part of "Daring to Dance". In her second appearance, she returns to Atlantica for a visit. She and Ariel gush over Ariel's new additions to her collection of human objects, as well as the music box that Ariel found when they first met. Unbeknownst to either of them, Ursula has launched another scheme to take over Atlantica, this time casting a spell that causes Ariel's treasures to come to life and terrorize people. She is confused and shocked when the treasures come alive, but she works with Ariel to break Ursula's spell.

text: Ollie[edit]

text: Ollie is a blue vocal octopus who appears in two episodes: "Wish Upon A Starfish" and "Ariel's Treasures". He is the close friend and interpreter of Gabriella, a mute mermaid. He has spots on the sides of his head and a patch on his left eye. In his first appearance, he is shown with Gabriella, watching Ariel sing. After Ariel notices them, he explains Gabriella's disability and introduces himself. He is also the one to tell the tale of the Magical Wishing Starfish, and he accompanies them along the way. In his second appearance, he is visiting Atlantica with Gabriella and helps her stop Ursula's plot to take over the kingdom. He is voiced by Gabriel Damon.

text: Pearl[edit]

text: Pearl is a fun-loving mermaid with a blue tail and matching shells who is familiar with Ariel and Alana. She is blonde, with a blue tail and blue, ruffle-edged shells. She makes her first appearance in episode "Red" at a party held by Ariel, arriving with a crowd of friends on "squid-cycles". She is apparently very popular and seems friendly, if a bit snobbish. She comments that the party is a bit dull, and Ariel requests that the live band play louder, against her father's instructions. She leaves with the other guests when Triton puts a halt to the party.

text: In her second appearance in episode "Eel-ectric City", she shows up at the palace to pick up Alana, who has been invited to a party at her house. Ariel is shocked and impressed when Pearl comments that her parents allow her to do as she pleases, and is invited to join them. As they are leaving, Pearl spies Triton's new chariot and coerces Ariel into driving the three mermaids in it while she gives directions. After a few minutes, Alana notes that they are not heading for Pearl's house; they are instead going to Eel-ectric City, a party town reminiscent of Las Vegas, where Pearl is going to meet a few friends. They arrive and are having a fairly good time until a gang known as the "Orange Roughies" shows up. Pearl taunts them, then challenges them to a chariot race. Ariel and Alana try to reason with Pearl, but she wants to see the race through to the end. They start the race, but quickly lose control of the chariot in the rush of the current. It is only Ariel's quick thinking and the timely appearance of Triton that saves them. Pearl is shocked that her parents bothered coming, but happy that they cared about her. Her mother states that she will be keeping a closer eye on her daughter from now on.

text: She is voiced by Cree Summer.

text: Spot[edit]

text: Spot is a fun loving orca calf whose name is based on a single white spot which is birthmarked on his tail. In the episode called "Whale Of A Tale", when the human poachers get nearby, he frightenedly swims away from his real family until Ariel encounters him with a little love. She cares for him until she lets him go to be with his real family. He returns in "Save The Whale" as a grown-up whale and, as Sebastian announces him, he excitedly begins to perform for the citizens of Atlantica until he gets caught.

text: Simon[edit]

text: Simon is a sea dragon.

text: Imprisoned in cave and looking to be rescued. Simon writes a message and puts it in a bottle and with some luck, Ariel, Sebastian, and Flounder find the letter, brave danger in route to the cave, and then they face a giant sea dragon. The dragon turns out to be Simon himself, the writer of the message, who's looking to have a party with some new friends. Bringing Simon home to King Triton poses another challenge until Simon helps King Triton to save Atlantica and its merpeople from an invasion of evil sea anemones.

text: He is voiced by Brian Cummings.

text: Dudley[edit]

text: Dudley is an elderly sea turtle who also serves somewhat of an assistant to King Triton besides Sebastian. Dudley mumbles when he speaks and does not swim like other sea turtles in this show, instead he walks slowly along the sea floor like a land turtle and keeps important documents within his shell when he retracts his head. His conversation is always interrupted by his employer as he understands what the former is about to say.

text: He is voiced by Dave Coulier.

text: Archimedes[edit]

text: Archimedes is a merman scholar, explorer and adventurer who is fascinated with humans, particularly human objects, like Ariel, he wants to know as much about the human world as possible, because of his fascination with humans, he is ostracized and disliked by his own people, as his only friend is Ariel. Because Archimedes goes to the surface very often, his knowledge on human culture is far more accurate than Ariel's; prior to the latter becoming human herself and her marriage to Eric.

text: Due to Archimedes being ostracized by the merpeople, he lives in an abandoned sunken ship, in the wilderness outside of Atlantica, is also where he keeps his collection of human objects, initially, unlike Ariel, he has directly met humans, he has even interacted with them.

text: He is voiced by Rod McKuen.

text: Hans Christian Andersen[edit]

text: A character based on Hans Christian Andersen, the author of the original Little Mermaid fairy tale appears in the episode "Metal Fish". He is voiced by Mark Hamill.

text: Based on rumors he hears from other sailors about the existence of merfolk, he attempts verify these claims by exploring the undersea world with the invention of his primitive submarine. While exploring the undersea world, his sub springs a leak and his steering controls are affected causing his sub to lose control and eventually sink to the bottom. However, to his surprise he encounters Ariel, to which his claims are verified. Later on, Archimedes, Sebastian, Flounder, The Crabscouts, and even King Triton appear to assist Andersen's damaged vessel back to the surface. At the end of this episode, the character is inspired by the encounter to "write" the story of The Little Mermaid. This encounter contradicts the idea that Ariel's first face to face contact with humans is with Prince Eric, and forces Ariel to confront her father with the fact that she, Triton, and all merfolk are half human when she appeals to Triton for help in saving Andersen's life.

text: Manta[edit]

text: Manta is a recurring villain in the TV series. Although his exact age is unknown, he appears to be potentially ageless as an individual is referenced in a legend as nearly destroying Atlantica who was imprisoned in an undersea volcano many years before the time of the series. As it so happens, the character is discovered imprisoned within and freed from an undersea volcano by a well-meaning Ariel, whom the Manta dupes into releasing him. He then begins spreading hatred and discord amongst the population of Atlantica, nearly causing the kingdom to self-destruct from his actions. During this initial appearance the Manta appeared to have the power of mental hypnosis or else some form of telepathy. Ariel manages, with the help of Flounder and their friends to defeat the Manta. He then became a recurring character, intent on taking control of Atlantica for himself. He later has a son, "Little Evil", who ironically enough, has no true evil or malevolent aspects to his personality and becomes a friend of Ariel's, which also results in his father's redemption.

text: He is voiced by Tim Curry.

text: The Little Mermaid II: Return To The Sea[edit]

text: Melody[edit]

text:
Melody

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Tara Strong

text: Melody is the daughter of Eric and Ariel.

text: The celebration of her birth opens the film, during which her parents sail out to sea to present her to King Triton and the merfolk. The celebration is interrupted by Morgana, who threatens to hurt Melody if Triton does not hand over the trident. Eric and Ariel manage to save Melody, but because Morgana escapes, Ariel decides that the sea is too dangerous for her daughter. Until Morgana is found, Ariel vows to keep all knowledge of the sea from her, including her mermaid heritage. A magical locket that King Triton had made for Melody for the occasion is reluctantly thrown into the sea.

text: Melody grows up banned from entering the sea and is not told why, but by her 12th birthday has been regularly sneaking out of the palace to swim in secret. On said birthday, Melody finds the locket with her name, and questions Ariel about it. Ariel and Melody argue, and before Ariel can apologize and explain, Melody runs away from the castle in a boat. Melody is discovered by Undertow and convinced to meet Morgana, who uses Melody's love of the sea against her. Morgana transforms Melody into a mermaid, promising her that the transformation will last forever if Melody retrieves the trident from Triton, claiming that he stole it from Morgana. Wanting to be a mermaid forever, Melody agrees.

text: While searching for the trident, Melody befriends a penguin named Tip and a walrus named Dash, and they join her in her search. Melody succeeds in stealing the trident, and returns to Morgana at the same time that her mother Ariel, who has been turned back into a mermaid in order to find Melody, also arrives. Melody is angered by Ariel's decision to lie to her, and gives Morgana the trident. Morgana takes Ariel hostage and reveals her true intentions to Melody, and traps her in a cave by sealing the entrance with a thick layer of ice. Soon afterward, Morgana's spell on Melody wears off, causing her to revert into a human and nearly drowning. Tip and Dash manage to free her and drag her to the shore. Morgana uses the trident to subjugate the merfolk, but Melody, no longer a mermaid, is unaffected and steals the trident back. She gives the trident to Triton, who turns the tables on Morgana and encases her in ice.

text: In the aftermath, Melody apologizes to Eric and Ariel for her actions, and Ariel apologizes for not telling Melody the truth. Triton offers Melody the option of becoming a mermaid permanently but Melody declines. Instead she uses the trident to disintegrate the wall between the palace and the sea, thus reuniting both sides of her family.

text: She is voiced by Tara Strong.

text: Melody performs one song in the film, "For a Moment", in which Ariel, voiced by Jodi Benson, also provides vocals.

text: The character "Melody" is also a playable character in the PlayStation game, The Little Mermaid 2, which is based on the two movies. She becomes playable after Ariel's story arc has finished and the player is prompted to play as Melody in the chapter called "A New Beginning".

text: Morgana[edit]

text:
Morgana

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Pat Carroll

text: Morgana is the younger sister of the deceased Ursula. Like Ursula, Morgana is half octopus, having tentacles instead of a tail, but unlike Ursula, Morgana has 8 tentacles instead of 6, which, in addition to her thin stature, make Morgana's appearance more squid-like. Also, her skin is greenish-gray, unlike Ursula, who has light lavender skin. Morgana has three minions; a tiger shark named Undertow, and a pair of manta rays called Cloak and Dagger. Her voice is provided by Pat Carroll.

text: Morgana's prime motivation is to prove her superiority over Ursula, who was the favored child of their mother. She also wanted to avenge Ursula's death. However, she is not as powerful as Ursula and lacks her subtlety and deviousness, though she is highly cunning in her own right. She openly attacks Melody's birthday party and uses her as a hostage to gain Triton's trident, a ploy that fails due to Ariel's quick thinking. Morgana escapes, and for twelve years eludes Triton's efforts to find her. Morgana eventually meets twelve-year-old Melody, who has rebelled against her mother's overprotective ways. Morgana lures Melody with the promise of becoming a mermaid, using the last of Ursula's magic potion to transform Melody temporarily into a mermaid. Morgana asks Melody to get the trident for her, claiming herself to be its rightful owner. Morgana succeeds in getting the trident thanks to Melody, and proclaims herself as the new ruler of the seven seas. She is eventually stopped by Melody, who steals the trident back and gives it to King Triton. Triton then encases Morgana in an iceberg, and she is left to sink to the bottom of the ocean.

text: Tip and Dash[edit]

text:
Tip and Dash

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Max Casella (Tip)
Stephen Furst (Dash)

text: Tip and Dash are supporting characters in The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea and friends of Melody. Tip is an emperor penguin voiced by Max Casella, and Dash is a walrus voiced by Stephen Furst. Their names are derived from the convention of Morse Code which uses dots (or "tips") and dashes to communicate messages.

text: In the film, Tip and Dash are established odd couple best friends whom Melody encounters when she has been transformed into a mermaid. She learns that the duo want to be "heroes" but find it difficult to do so when Tip is a braggart who exaggerates his accomplishments and Dash is openly a coward. With a big help to save the baby penguin for her mother, Tip and Dash join the other penguins to extend the form of a ladder just before the red-eyed hammerhead shark scares them all into a big pile. Rejected by other penguins, Tip and Dash join Melody on her journey to retrieve the trident for Morgana. In the final battle, both characters find their inner courage and help to save the day.

text: The duo perform the song "Tip and Dash" with Melody.

text: Undertow[edit]

text:
Undertow

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

Voiced by
Clancy Brown

text: Undertow, voiced by Clancy Brown, is a minion of Morgana.

text: When the film opens, Undertow is a large purple and black colored tiger shark, but during the opening fight, he is zapped by the magic of King Triton's trident and transformed into a small, piranha-like fish so he can't eat or harm Melody. Undertow spends the next twelve years as a piranha. After Melody rebels against her mother, Undertow convinces Melody to visit Morgana, who manipulates her into fetching the trident. When Melody retrieves the trident, Morgana uses its magic to restore Undertow to his original form. During the final fight, Undertow battles Melody's friends Tip and Dash, and crashes into a wall of ice and all his teeth fall out. He is not seen again afterwards but was most likely killed upon impact with the ice wall.

text: Cloak and Dagger[edit]

text:
Cloak and Dagger

First appearance
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea

Created by
Elizabeth Anderson & Temple Mathews (screenplay)

text: Cloak and Dagger are dark blue manta rays and Morgana's henchmen. Unlike most of the animals in the film, they don't speak, and perform mostly physical duties for Morgana, either by pulling her or someone of interest to her.

text: The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning[edit]

text: Athena[edit]

text:
Athena

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Lorelei Hill Butters (Speaking)
Andrea Robinson (Singing)

text: Athena was Triton's wife, queen of Atlantica, and the mother of Ariel, Aquata, Andrina, Arista, Attina, Adella and Alana, Eric's mother-in-law and Melody's maternal grandmother. Her speaking voice is provided by Lorelei Hill Butters, and her singing voice is provided by Andrea Robinson. She appears in the opening prologue of the prequel, in which she is at first shown singing her and Triton's special song (Athena's song) to the girls before bedtime. She is then seen relaxing in a cove on the ocean surface with her husband, children and other merfolk. Triton gives her a music box that plays their song as an anniversary present. The fun ceases when a pirate ship appears and attacks the merpeople, during which Athena is crushed to death by the ship, whilst trying to save the music box. Triton responds to this tragedy by banning music from Atlantica. Prior to this film, Ariel's mother had been mentioned before in the prequel television series, but had then remained nameless. It is never actually stated, but it is quite likely that it was Athena's death, at the hands of humans, that caused Triton's prejudice towards them.

text: Marina Del Rey[edit]

text:
Marina Del Rey

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Sally Field as Marina Del Rey

text: Marina Del Rey, voiced by Sally Field, is a mermaid and the governess of King Triton's seven daughters, in charge of enforcing Triton's distant and formal parenting style. She feels she has been stuck as the governess for too long, and her primary motivation is to take over Sebastian's job as the king's attaché. She temporarily succeeds after getting Sebastian, Flounder, and their secret music band sent to prison (as music was forbidden from Atlantica at the time) but upon learning of the gang's escape with Ariel, Marina resolves to kill them all by sending her electric eels after them. Marina is eventually caught, and Triton sends her to prison for her crimes.

text: Benjamin[edit]

text:
Benjamin

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Jeff Bennett as Benjamin

text: Benjamin is a light green manatee and Marina's sidekick. Unlike Marina, Benjamin is a softy who loves Ariel and her sisters, and wishes Marina would be nice. He is voiced by Jeff Bennett.

text: Catfish Club Band[edit]

text:
Ray-Ray, Cheeks, Ink Spot, and Shelbow

First appearance
The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning

Voiced by
Kevin Michael Richardson as Ray-Ray and Cheeks
Rob Paulsen as Ink Spot
Jim Cummings as Shelbow

text: The Catfish Club Band are a quartet house band in the Catfish Club, the underground music club in Atlantica that exists in opposition to King Triton's ban on music. Their bandleader and vocalist is Sebastian, who also plays maracas. Other members are Ray-Ray, a sky-blue manta ray who plays the bass, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson; Cheeks, a green blowfish who plays the saxophone, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson; Ink Spot, a violet octopus who plays the piano, voiced by Rob Paulsen; Shelbow, a teal sea turtle who plays the drums, voiced by Jim Cummings.

text: Others[edit]

text: Gertrude[edit]

text: Gertrude is mentioned by one of the maids who are washing clothes.


document_title: United States presidential election, 1824

question_text: who won the most popular votes but not enough electoral votes in the presidential election of 1824

root

text: Background[edit]

text: The Era of Good Feelings, closely associated with the administration of President James Monroe (1817–1825), was characterized by the dissolution of national political identities.[1] With the discredited Federalists in decline nationally, the "amalgamated" or hybridized Republicans adopted key Federalist economic programs and institutions, further erasing party identities and consolidating their victory.[2][3] The economic nationalism of the Era of Good Feelings that would authorize the Tariff of 1816 and incorporate the Second Bank of the United States portended an abandonment of the Jeffersonian political formula for strict construction of the constitution, limited central government and commitments to the primacy of Southern agrarian interests.[4][5][6]

tag: p

text: The end of opposition parties also meant the end of party discipline and the means to suppress internecine factional animosities. Rather than produce political harmony, as President James Monroe had hoped, amalgamation had led to intense rivalries among Republicans.[7] Bereft of any party apparatus to contain these outbursts, Monroe attempted to enlist the leading statesmen of his day into his cabinet so as to commit them to advancing his policies. Of the five politicians who would run for president in 1824, three were in Monroe's cabinet: Secretary of State John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford of Georgia, and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, a commander in the regular US Army, was tapped for high-profile military assignments. Only Speaker of the House of Representatives Henry Clay of Kentucky held political power independent of the Monroe administration. Monroe’s efforts to bring Clay into his cabinet failed, and the Speaker remained a persistent critic of the Monroe administration.

text: Amid these reconfigured political landscapes arose two pivotal events: the Panic of 1819 and the Missouri crisis of 1820.[8] Both the alarming economic disaster, which fell heavily upon both agrarian and industrial workers, and the distressing sectional disputes over slavery expansion, produced widespread social unrest and calls for increased democratic control over the future of the American republic.[9] From these disaffected social groups would be assembled the popular base on which political parties would be revived, though these were only beginning to take shape at the time of the 1824 presidential election.[10]

text: General election[edit]

text: Campaign[edit]

text: The previous competition between the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party collapsed after the War of 1812 due to the disintegration of the Federalists' popular appeal, and U.S. President James Monroe of the Democratic-Republican Party was able to run without opposition in the election of 1820. Like previous presidents who had been elected to two terms, James Monroe declined to seek re-nomination for a third term.[11]

text: Monroe's vice president, Daniel D. Tompkins, was considered unelectable due to his overwhelming unpopularity and major health problems (Tompkins died in June 1825, a little over three months after he left office). The presidential nomination was thus left wide open within the Democratic-Republican Party, the only major national political entity remaining in the United States.

text: Candidates[edit]

text:
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

House Speaker Henry Clay from Kentucky

Senator Andrew Jackson from Tennessee

Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford

text: Andrew Jackson was recruited to run for the office of the president by the state legislature of Tennessee. Jackson did not seek the task of running for president. Instead, he wished to retire to his estate on the outskirts of Nashville called the Hermitage. However, Andrew Jackson was not one to decline such request.[12]

text: Candidates who withdrew before election[edit]

text:
Secretary of War John C. Calhoun

Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson

text: Nomination process[edit]

text:
Congressional caucus balloting

Presidential candidate
Ballot
Vice Presidential candidate
Ballot

William H. Crawford
64
Albert Gallatin
57

Henry Clay
2
Erastus Root
2

John Quincy Adams
2
John Quincy Adams
1

Andrew Jackson
1
William Eustis
1

William Rufus King
1

William Lowndes
1

Richard Rush
1

Samuel Smith
1

John Tod
1

text: The traditional Congressional caucus nominated Crawford for president and Albert Gallatin for vice-president, but it was sparsely attended and was widely attacked as undemocratic. With the breakdown of the congressional nominating caucus, legislatures convened state caucuses to nominate candidates.[13] Gallatin later withdrew from the contest for the vice presidency, after quickly becoming disillusioned by repeated attacks on his credibility made by the other candidates. He was replaced by North Carolina senator Nathaniel Macon. A serious impediment to Crawford's candidacy was created by the effects of a stroke he suffered in 1823. Among other candidates, John Quincy Adams had more support than Henry Clay because of his huge popularity among the old Federalist voters in New England. By this time, even the traditionally Federalist Adams family had come to terms with the Democratic-Republican Party.

text: The election was as much a contest of favorite sons as it was a conflict over policy, although positions on tariffs and internal improvements did create some significant disagreements. In general, the candidates were favored by different sections of the country: Adams was strong in the Northeast; Jackson in the South, West and mid-Atlantic; Clay in parts of the West; and Crawford in parts of the South.

text: Secretary of War John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, who was a fifth candidate in the early stages of consideration, declined to run for president, but did decide to seek the vice presidency. For president, he backed Jackson, whose political beliefs he considered more compatible with those of most voters in the southern states. Both Adams and Jackson supporters backed Calhoun's candidacy as vice president; thus, he easily secured the majority of electoral votes he needed to secure that office. In reality, Calhoun was vehemently opposed to nearly all of Adams's policies, but he did nothing to dissuade Adams supporters from voting for him for vice president.

text: The campaigning for presidential election of 1824 took many forms. Contrafacta, or well known songs and tunes whose lyrics have been altered, were used to promote political agendas and presidential candidates. Below can be found a sound clip featuring "Hunters of Kentucky", a tune written by Samuel Woodsworth in 1815 under the title "The Unfortunate Miss Bailey". Contrafacta such as this one, which promoted Andrew Jackson as a national hero, have been a long-standing tradition in presidential elections. Another form of campaigning during this election was through newsprint. Political cartoons and partisan writings were best circulated among the voting public through newspapers. Presidential candidate John C. Calhoun was one of the candidates most directly involved through his participation in the publishing of the newspaper The Patriot as a member of the editorial staff. This was a sure way to promote his own political agendas and campaign. In contrast, most candidates involved in early 19th century elections did not run their own political campaigns. Instead it was left to volunteer citizens and partisans to speak on their behalf.[14][15][16][17]

text:
Hunters of Kentucky

Jackson supporters used this Battle of New Orleans anthem as their campaign song.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Results[edit]

text: The 1824 presidential election marked the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework. Considering the large numbers of candidates and strong regional preferences, it is not surprising that the results of the election of 1824 were inconclusive. The electoral map confirmed the candidates' sectional support, with Adams winning outright in the New England states, Jackson gleaning success in states throughout the nation, Clay attracting votes from the West, and Crawford attracting votes from the eastern South. Andrew Jackson received more electoral and popular votes than any other candidate, but not the majority of 131 electoral votes needed to win the election. Since no candidate received the required majority of electoral votes, the presidential election was decided by the House of Representatives (see "Contingent election" below). Meanwhile, John C. Calhoun easily defeated his rivals in the race for the vice presidency, as the support of both the Adams and Jackson camps quickly gave him an unassailable lead over the other candidates. This means that 1824 marks the only election in U.S. history where only the vice presidential candidate had been successfully elected to an executive office by Electoral College. Despite Clay himself finishing last in the electoral college, his running-mate, Nathan Sanford actually finished second behind Calhoun in the vice presidential vote, mostly because nearly half of the electors pledged to Crawford voted for candidates other than his designated running-mate, Nathaniel Macon, with New York senator Martin Van Buren being the main beneficiary.

text:
Presidential candidate
Party
Home state
Popular vote[a]
Electoral vote

Count
Percentage

Andrew Jackson[b]
Democratic-Republican
Tennessee
151,271
41.4%
99

John Quincy Adams[c]
Democratic-Republican
Massachusetts
113,122
30.9%
84

William Harris Crawford[d]
Democratic-Republican
Georgia
40,856
11.2%
41

Henry Clay[e]
Democratic-Republican
Kentucky
47,531
13.0%
37

(Massachusetts unpledged electors)
None
Massachusetts
6,616
1.8%
0

Other
6,437
1.8%
0

Total
365,833
100.0%
261

Needed to win
131

text:
Vice Presidential candidate
Party
State
Electoral vote[19]

John C. Calhoun
Democratic-Republican
South Carolina
182

Nathan Sanford
Democratic-Republican
New York
30

Nathaniel Macon
Democratic-Republican
North Carolina
24

Andrew Jackson
Democratic-Republican
Tennessee
13

Martin Van Buren
Democratic-Republican
New York
9

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican
Kentucky
2

Total
260

Needed to win
131

text: Results by state[edit]

text:
Andrew Jackson
Democratic-Republican
John Quincy Adams
Democratic-Republican
Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican
William Crawford
Democratic-Republican
State total

State
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#

Alabama
5
000136189,429
69.32
5
000136182,422
17.80
-
0004866996
0.71
-
000486691,656
12.17
-
13,603
AL

Connecticut
8
no ballots
7,494
70.39
8
no ballots
1,965
18.46
-
10,647
CT

Delaware
3
no popular vote
no popular vote
1
no popular vote
no popular vote
2
-
DE

Georgia
9
no popular vote
no popular vote
no popular vote
no popular vote
9
-
GA

Illinois
3
1,272
27.23
2
1,516
32.46
1
1,036
22.18
-
847
18.13
-
4,671
IL

Indiana
5
7,343
46.61
5
3,095
19.65
-
5,315
33.74
-
no ballots
15,753
IN

Kentucky
14
6,356
27.23
-
no ballots
16,982
72.77
14
no ballots
23,338
KY

Louisiana
5
no popular vote
3
no popular vote
2
no popular vote
no popular vote
-
LA

Maine
9
no ballots
10,289
81.50
9
no ballots
2,336
18.50
-
12,625
ME

Maryland
11
14,523
43.73
7
14,632
44.05
3
695
2.09
-
3,364
10.13
1
33,214
MD

Massachusetts
15
no ballots
30,687
72.97
15
no ballots
no ballots
42,056
MA

Mississippi
3
3,121
63.77
3
1,654
33.80
-
no ballots
119
2.43
-
4,894
MS

Missouri
3
1,166
33.97
-
159
4.63
-
2,042
59.50
3
32
0.93
-
3,432
MO

New Hampshire
8
no ballots
9,389
93.59
8
no ballots
643
6.41
-
10,032
NH

New Jersey
8
10,332
52.08
8
8,309
41.89
-
no ballots
1,196
6.03
-
19,837
NJ

New York
36
no popular vote
1
no popular vote
26
no popular vote
4
no popular vote
5
-
NY

North Carolina
15
20,231
56.03
15
no ballots
no ballots
15,622
43.26
-
36,109
NC

Ohio
16
18,489
36.96
-
12,280
24.55
-
19,255
38.49
16
no ballots
50,024
OH

Pennsylvania
28
35,929
76.04
28
5,436
11.50
-
1,705
3.61
-
4,182
8.85
-
47,252
PA

Rhode Island
4
no ballots
2,145
91.47
4
no ballots
200
8.53
-
2,345
RI

South Carolina
11
no popular vote
11
no popular vote
no popular vote
no popular vote
-
SC

Tennessee
11
20,197
97.45
11
216
1.04
-
no ballots
312
1.51
-
20,725
TN

Vermont
7
no popular vote
no popular vote
7
no popular vote
no popular vote
35,031
VT

Virginia
24
2,975
19.35
-
3,419
22.24
-
419
2.73
-
8,558
55.68
24
15,371
VA

TOTALS:
261
151,363
41.36
99
113,142
30.92
84
47,545
12.99
37
41,032
11.21
41
365,928
US

TO WIN:
131

text: Breakdown by ticket[edit]

text:
Total
Andrew
Jackson
John Q.
Adams
William H.
Crawford
Henry
Clay

Electoral votes for President:
261
99
84
40
38

For Vice President, John C. Calhoun
182
99
74
2
7

For Vice President, Nathan Sanford
30

2
28

For Vice President, Nathaniel Macon
24

24

For Vice President, Andrew Jackson
13

9
1
3

For Vice President, Martin Van Buren
9

9

For Vice President, Henry Clay
2

2

(No vote for Vice President)
1

1

text: 1825 contingent election[edit]

text: Since no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the presidential election was thrown into a contingent election in the U.S. House of Representatives. Following the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, only the top three candidates in the electoral vote were admitted as candidates in the House: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William Harris Crawford. Henry Clay, who happened to be Speaker of the House at the time, was left out. Clay detested Jackson and had said of him, "I cannot believe that killing 2,500 Englishmen at New Orleans qualifies for the various, difficult, and complicated duties of the Chief Magistracy."[20] Moreover, Clay's American System was far closer to Adams' position on tariffs and internal improvements than Jackson's or Crawford's, so Clay threw his support to Adams. Thus Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, on the first ballot,[21][22] with 13 states, followed by Jackson with 7, and Crawford with 4.

text: Adams' victory shocked Jackson, who, as the winner of a plurality of both the popular and electoral votes, expected to be elected president. Not long before the results of the House election, an anonymous statement appeared in a Philadelphia paper, called the Columbian Observer. The statement, said to be from a member of Congress, essentially accused Clay of selling Adams his support for the office of Secretary of State. No formal investigation was conducted, so the matter was neither confirmed nor denied. When Clay was indeed offered the position after Adams was victorious, he opted to accept and continue to support the administration he voted for, knowing that declining the position would not have helped to dispel the rumors brought against him.[23] By appointing Clay his Secretary of State, President Adams essentially declared him heir to the Presidency, as Adams and his three predecessors had all served as Secretary of State. Jackson and his followers accused Adams and Clay of striking a "corrupt bargain". The Jacksonians would campaign on this claim for the next four years, ultimately attaining Jackson's victory in the Adams-Jackson rematch in 1828.

text: Results by state in House of Representatives[edit]

text:
Delegation winner
Adams vote
Jackson vote
Crawford vote

Maine
Adams
7
0
0

New Hampshire
Adams
6
0
0

Vermont
Adams
5
0
0

Massachusetts
Adams
12
1
0

Rhode Island
Adams
2
0
0

Connecticut
Adams
6
0
0

New York
Adams
18
2
14

New Jersey
Jackson
1
5
0

Pennsylvania
Jackson
1
25
0

Delaware
Crawford
0
0
1

Maryland
Adams
5
3
1

Virginia
Crawford
1
1
19

North Carolina
Crawford
1
2
10

South Carolina
Jackson
0
9
0

Georgia
Crawford
0
0
7

Alabama
Jackson
0
3
0

Mississippi
Jackson
0
1
0

Louisiana
Adams
2
1
0

Kentucky
Adams
8
4
0

Tennessee
Jackson
0
9
0

Missouri
Adams
1
0
0

Ohio
Adams
10
2
2

Indiana
Jackson
0
3
0

Illinois
Adams
1
0
0

Total votes[24]
Adams
87 (41%)
71 (33%)
54 (25%)

Votes by state
Adams
13 (54%)
7 (29%)
4 (17%)

text: Electoral College selection[edit]

text:
Method of choosing electors
State(s)

Each Elector chosen by voters statewide

Alabama
Connecticut
Indiana
Massachusetts
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Virginia

Each Elector appointed by state legislature

Delaware
Georgia
Louisiana
New York
South Carolina
Vermont

State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district

Illinois
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
Tennessee

Two Electors chosen by voters statewide
One Elector chosen per Congressional district by the voters of that district

Maine