document_title: Danny Boy

question_text: where did the song danny boy come from

question_tokens: where did the song danny boy come from

text: Danny Boy

text: History[edit]

text:
"Danny Boy"

Ernestine Schumann-Heink (1917)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

tag: table

text: Initially written to a tune other than "Londonderry Air", the words to "Danny Boy" were penned by English lawyer and lyricist Frederic Weatherly in Bath, Somerset in 1910. After his Irish-born sister-in-law Margaret (known as Jess) in the United States sent him a copy of "Londonderry Air" in 1913 (an alternative version of the story has her singing the air to him in 1912 with different lyrics), Weatherly modified the lyrics of "Danny Boy" to fit the rhyme and meter of "Londonderry Air".[2][3]

text: Weatherly gave the song to the vocalist Elsie Griffin, who made it one of the most popular songs in the new century. In 1915, Ernestine Schumann-Heink produced the first recording of "Danny Boy".

text: Jane Ross of Limavady is credited with collecting the melody of "Londonderry Air" in the mid-19th century from a musician she encountered.[4]

text: Meaning[edit]

text: There are various suggestions as to the true meaning of "Danny Boy".[5] Some have interpreted the song to be a message from a parent to a son going off to a war or uprising (as suggested by the reference to "pipes calling glen to glen") or leaving as part of the Irish diaspora.[5]

text: The 1918 version of the sheet music included alternative lyrics ("Eily Dear"), with the instructions that "when sung by a man, the words in italic should be used; the song then becomes "Eily Dear", so that "Danny Boy" is only to be sung by a lady". In spite of this, it is unclear whether this was Weatherly's intent.[6] Indeed, the song has been covered by a diverse range of male singers, including Mario Lanza, Bing Crosby, Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Sam Cooke, Elvis Presley, Shane MacGowan, Jackie Wilson, Daniel O'Donnell, Harry Belafonte, Tom Jones, John Gary, Jacob Collier, Harry Connick Jr, and comedian Peter Kay amongst many others. All used the original lyrics.

text: Usage[edit]

text:
"Danny Boy" is considered to be an unofficial signature song and anthem, particularly by Irish Americans and Irish Canadians.[7][not in citation given]
The song is popular for funerals; but, as it is not liturgical, its suitability as a funeral song is sometimes contested.[8] In 1928, Weatherly himself suggested that the second verse would provide a fitting requiem for the actress Ellen Terry.
On 13 April 2013, the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation released the concert album of the 2011 Girls' Generation Asia Tour album. Girls' Generation sang the song on CD 2, track number 7.[9]
Figure skating world champion Javier Fernández skated an exhibition program to Danny Boy choreographed by David Wilson, which Fernández debuted in Boston following his victory at the 2016 World Figure Skating Championships.[10]

text: Adaptation[edit]

text: Southern gospel singer Dottie Rambo adapted the melody for her song, "He Looked Beyond My Fault and Saw My Need", which was also notably sung by George Beverly Shea.

text: Notable recordings[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: "Danny Boy" has been recorded multiple times by a variety of performers. Several versions performed by notable performers are listed below in chronological order.

text:
Year
Artist
Release
Notes

1939 (1939)
Gracie Fields
Shipyard Sally soundtrack

1940 (1940)
Judy Garland
Little Nellie Kelly soundtrack
Garland also sang it live at her concerts in Ireland and Scotland and most famously at her New York Palace Theatre debut in 1951

1940 (1940)
Glenn Miller and His Orchestra
Single only
#17 in "Pop Memories 1890-1954" (not from "Billboard's" charts);[10] Arranged by Glenn Miller and pianist Chummy MacGregor

1941 (1941)
Bing Crosby
Merry Christmas
Paired with "I'll Be Home for Christmas" on its original single. Originally recorded July 5, 1941.[11]

1950 (1950)
Al Hibbler
Single only
#9 on the R&B chart[12]

1955 (1955)
Slim Whitman
Single only

1956 (1956)
Ruby Murray
The Voice of Ireland
Released as part of her Irish songs album.[13]

1959 (1959)
Conway Twitty
Saturday Night
#10 on Billboard Hot 100 and #18 on R&B charts[14] and #1 in Italy[15][16] (banned by the BBC)[17]

1961 (1961)
Jim Reeves
The Blizzard/Danny Boy 7" 45rpm vinyl LP
#27 on RCA Victor 7855 in "Music Vendor"

1961 (1961)
Andy Williams
Danny Boy and Other Songs I Love to Sing
#15 on the U.S. adult contemporary and #64 on the Hot 100 charts[18]

1962 (1962)
Connie Francis
Connie Francis Sings Irish Favorites
Released as an all-Irish album.

1964 (1964)
Judith Durham/The Seekers
(numerous albums)
Judith Durham also performed it solo on many albums and TV appearances

1964 (1964)
Harry James
One Night Stand With Harry James on Tour in '64
Buddy Rich on drums

1964 (1964)
Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles
Sweethearts of the Apollo
#76 on Hot 100[19]

1965

Johnny Cash

Orange Blossom Special

1965 (1965)
Jackie Wilson
Single only
#94 on Hot 100 and #25 on R&B charts[20]

1967 (1967)
Ray Price
Danny Boy
#60 on Hot 100 and #9 on Country charts[21]

1967 (1967)
Tom Jones
13 Smash Hits
Also included in 1969 album Tom Jones Live in Las Vegas

1972 (1972)
Roy Orbison
Memphis

1972 (1972)
Glen Campbell
The Artistry of Glen Campbell

1976 (1976)
Elvis Presley
From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee
Recorded in response to a request from his father, Vernon, this is from Elvis' penultimate studio recording session in February 1976, recorded in the Jungle Room of Elvis' home in Graceland.

1979 (1979)
Thin Lizzy
Black Rose: A Rock Legend
Gary Moore and Phil Lynott of Thin Lizzy had previously recorded an instrumental version, titled Dan, on their Tribute to Deep Purple album in 1972

1990 (1990)
Carly Simon
My Romance

1990 (1990)
Frank Patterson
Miller's Crossing soundtrack
Also included in 1999 album, Ireland In Song

2017 (2017)
Bill Evans
Empathy
Recorded in 1962 featuring 3:41 version with the trio - bonus 10:43 solo piano version added to JAZZTWINS 2017 vinyl release

1991 (1991)
Bill Evans
Time Remembered
Recorded in 1963; released on the CD-version of the album in 1991

1992 (1992)
John McDermott
Independent recording

1998 (1998)
Jacintha Abisheganaden
Here's To Ben – A Vocal Tribute To Ben Webster
Groove Note

2002 (2002)
Johnny Cash
American IV: The Man Comes Around
American Recordings, Universal

2002 (2002)
Eva Cassidy
Imagine
Blix Street

2005

Celtic Woman

Celtic Woman

Performed by Méav Ní Mhaolchatha. Rereleased in the 2015 album Decade. The Songs, The Show, The Traditions, The Classics

2009 (2009)
Mormon Tabernacle Choir and Orchestra
Danny Boy, Live at Red Rocks
Performed live at the Red Rocks Amphitheater in Colorado during the 2009 Central US Tour. Arranged by Mack Wilberg. The performance was recorded and it is available at Mormon Tabernacle Choir's YouTube Channel[22]

2012 (2012)
BYU's Vocal Point
Danny Boy
Available on the Vocal Point YouTube Channel[23]

2013

Girls' Generation

2011 Girls' Generation Tour

CD 2, #7, the song is sung by five members (Taeyeon, Tiffany, Seohyun, Jessica, Sunny)

2013 (2013)
The Gothard Sisters
Compass
#11[citation needed]

2015 (2015)
Damien Leith
Songs from Ireland
#11 in Australia[citation needed]

2015 (2015)
Lisa Hannigan
Fargo
Season 2, Episode 7 "Did you do this? No, you did it!"

2015

Jacob Collier

Maida Vale session for BBC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXIApugIuqk


document_title: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (film)

question_text: where was the movie whisky tango foxtrot filmed

root

text: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 2003 New York City, dissatisfied with the state of her career covering low-profile stories, television journalist Kim Baker (Tina Fey) agrees to take a short assignment as a war correspondent in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom, to the disappointment of her boyfriend Chris (Josh Charles), who also spends a lot of time traveling. Assigned low-budget living quarters with other international journalists, she begins friendships with noted BBC correspondent Tanya Vanderpoel (Margot Robbie) and lecherous Scottish freelance photographer Iain MacKelpie (Martin Freeman). After a period of adjustment aided by her Afghan "fixer" Fahim Ahmadzai (Christopher Abbott), she begins taking well to the assignment, eliciting frank remarks on camera from soldiers questioning the value of their assignment there, and putting herself in harm's way to capture combat incidents on video. American Marine commander General (previously Colonel) Hollanek (Billy Bob Thornton) takes a dim view of her as an inexperienced nuisance.

tag: p

text: Despite the danger, Kim stays in Afghanistan for months, then years beyond her original assignment. She catches Chris unprepared with a middle-of-the-night video call, and finds him with another woman, ending their relationship. Against her better judgment, she begins a sexual relationship with Iain, which over time also develops into a more personal one. Although her status as a woman presents challenges in an Afghan Islamic society which places restrictive roles on women, she also uses it to her advantage, gaining access to women in a village who explain that they've been sabotaging the US-built well because they welcome the daily walk to the river away from the men, and recklessly, carrying a camera under a burqa to record a religious demonstration. She also walks a tightrope, taking advantage of the thinly-veiled sexual interest of Afghan Attorney General Ali Massoud Sadiq (Alfred Molina) to use him as a source. Fahim – who treated opium addicts before the war – cautions her, pointing out that danger can be like a drug.

text: Despite their mutual friendliness, Kim remains in competition with other journalists for stories and for resources from their employers back home. After three years in Afghanistan, Kim flies to New York to argue for more support from her network's new boss, only to discover that Tanya is slated to take over from her. Meanwhile, Iain is kidnapped for ransom while traveling cross-country to cover a developing story that Iain had earlier offered to bring Kim in on. Kim returns "home" to Afghanistan, where she blackmails her "special friend", Ali, for information about Iain's whereabouts, and impresses upon Hollanek the political value to him of rescuing Iain. The mission – accompanied by Kim's cameraman – is a success, both militarily and journalistically. However, shortly after Iain's rescue Kim becomes disillusioned with both her tentative relationship and her station. She then bids farewell to her colleagues and to Fahim, and returns to the U.S. to stay.

text: After returning, she looks up a Marine (Evan Jonigkeit) who was transferred, apparently because of his on-camera comments to her, and subsequently lost both of his legs to an IED. She tries to apologize for the consequences of her actions, but he refuses to let her take the blame. She moves on to an on-camera desk job, where she later finds herself interviewing Iain, who is going to be in New York soon as part of a tour for his new book, and who invites her to meet him for coffee.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tina Fey as Kim Baker,[4] a cable-news reporter
Margot Robbie as Tanya Vanderpoel,[4] a British BBC News TV journalist whom Kim admires and befriends.
Martin Freeman as Iain MacKelpie,[4] Kim’s unexpected love interest and a dedicated Scottish photojournalist.
Christopher Abbott as Fahim Ahmadzai,[5] who acts as driver, translator and all-around handyman for reporters.
Billy Bob Thornton as Brigadier General Hollanek, US Marine Corps, a military man who initially scares Kim. Hollanek is referred to variously as "Colonel" and "General" throughout the film, but he is credited as "General," despite his presence in the field.[6]
Alfred Molina as Ali Massoud Sadiq,[6] a local official who has a romantic interest in her.
Sheila Vand as Shakira El-Khoury,[4] a Lebanese reporter who works alongside Kim and Tanya.
Nicholas Braun as Tall Brian,[7] Kim’s cameraman
Steve Peacocke[8] as Nic, Kim’s alpha male bodyguard
Evan Jonigkeit[6] as Lance Corporal Coughlin, a member of 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines when Baker is embedded.
Scott Takeda[9] as Ed Faber
Josh Charles[10] as Chris
Cherry Jones as Geri Taub
Sterling K. Brown as Sergeant Hurd, another member of 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines.
Thomas Kretschmann as Airplane Passenger

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In February 2014, Tina Fey confirmed that her production company, Little Stranger, would adapt the memoir The Taliban Shuffle: Strange Days in Afghanistan and Pakistan by Kim Barker of the Chicago Tribune into a film. Fey would star in the lead role in the film, which would be produced by Lorne Michaels and written by Robert Carlock.[11] On June 30, 2014, Paramount tapped Glenn Ficarra and John Requa to direct the film.[12] On October 22, 2014, Margot Robbie joined the cast to play a competing reporter alongside Fey's character.[13] On November 20, 2014, Martin Freeman was in talks to play Fey's character's unexpected love interest, a dedicated Scottish photojournalist.[14] On January 10, 2015, it was reported that Nikolaj Coster-Waldau was in talks to join the film for a male lead role, although he did not ultimately star in the film.[15] On February 2, 2015, Christopher Abbott joined the film's cast.[5] On February 3, 2015, Nicholas Braun joined the film to play Tall Brian, Fey's character's cameraman, and the film was titled as Fun House.[7] On February 9, 2015, Steve Peacocke was set to star in the film, playing Nic, Fey's character's alpha male bodyguard.[8] On February 11, 2015, confirmed cast was announced, with Billy Bob Thornton, Alfred Molina, Sheila Vand, and Evan Jonigkeit also joining the cast of the film, in which Vand would play Shakira El-Khoury, a Lebanese reporter who works alongside Kim and Tanya.[4][6]

text: Fey confirmed that the film's title would be Whiskey Tango Foxtrot in an interview with USA Today. Kim Barker was changed to a cable-news reporter named "Baker." Margot Robbie is playing Tanya Vanderpoel, a British TV journalist whom Kim admires and befriends. Christopher Abbott plays Afghan "fixer" Fahim Ahmadzai, who acts as driver, translator and all-around handyman for reporters. Martin Freeman is Iain MacKelpie, a Scottish war photographer who is Kim's love interest. Rounding out the ensemble cast is Billy Bob Thornton as General Hollanek, a military man who initially scares Kim, and Alfred Molina is a local official who has a romantic interest in her.[16]

text: The title is a NATO alphabet spelling of WTF, which stands for "What the fuck?"

text: Filming[edit]

text: On February 3, 2015, the Albuquerque Journal reported that filming was underway in Santa Fe, New Mexico.[17] Fey was spotted filming in the Santa Fe University of Art and Design.[18] On February 11, 2015, Paramount also confirmed that principal photography had commenced on the film in New Mexico.[19] It was filmed in part at the historic Scottish Rite Temple in Santa Fe.[20]  Production on the film concluded on April 10, 2015.[21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally titled The Taliban Shuffle and Fun House, before settling on Whiskey Tango Foxtrot. It was released on March 4, 2016.[22]  At the beginning of the rolling credits is a dedication to Fey's father, Donald Henry Fey, who died in 2015.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 28, 2016.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot grossed $23.1 million in North America and $1.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $24.9 million, against a production budget of $35 million.[3]

text: In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking suggested the film would gross $10–12 million from 2,374 theaters in its opening weekend, trailing fellow newcomers Zootopia ($60–70 million projection) and London Has Fallen ($20–23 million projection).[23] The film ended up grossing $7.6 million in its opening weekend, finishing below expectations and 4th at the box office.[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 179 reviews, with an average rating of 6.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While WTF is far from FUBAR, Tina Fey and Martin Freeman are just barely enough to overcome the picture's glib predictability and limited worldview."[25] Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[27][24]


document_title: Government of India

question_text: who is the head of executive in india

question_tokens: who is the head of executive in india

text: Government of India

text: Basic structure[edit]

text: Modelled after the Westminster system for governing the state,[1] the union government is mainly composed of the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, in which all powers are vested by the constitution in parliament, the prime minister and the supreme court. The President of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces whilst the elected prime minister acts as the head of the executive, and is responsible for running the union government.[2] The parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha the upper house. The judiciary systematically contains an apex supreme court, 24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the supreme court.[3]

text: The basic civil and criminal laws governing the citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary legislation, such as the civil procedure code, the penal code, and the criminal procedure code.[4] Similar to the union government, individual state governments each consist of executive, legislative and judiciary. The legal system as applicable to the union and individual state governments is based on the English Common and Statutory Law.[5] The full name of the country is the Republic of India. India and Bharat are equally official short names for the Republic of India in the Constitution,[6] and both names appears on legal banknotes, in treaties and in legal cases. The terms "union government", "central government" and "Bhārata Sarakāra" are often used officially and unofficially to refer to the Government of India.[citation needed] The term New Delhi is commonly used as a metonym for the central government,[citation needed] as the seat of government is in New Delhi.

text: Legislature[edit]

text: The powers of the legislature in India are exercised by the Parliament, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Of the two houses of parliament, the Rajya Sabha is considered to be the upper house or the Council of States and consists of members appointed by the president and elected by the state and territorial legislatures. The Lok Sabha is considered the lower house or the House of the people.[7]

text: The parliament does not have complete control and sovereignty, as its laws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court.[8] However, it does exercise some control over the executive. The members of the cabinet, including the prime minister, are either chosen from parliament or elected thereto within six months of assuming office.[9] The cabinet as a whole is responsible to the Lok Sabha.[10] The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved only when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and can never be dissolved. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected for a six-year term.[11]

text: Executive[edit]

text: The executive of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers.[12]

text: President[edit]

text: The executive power is vested mainly in the President of India, as per Article 53(1) of the constitution. The president has all constitutional powers and exercises them directly or through officers subordinate to him as per the aforesaid Article 53(1). The president is to act in accordance with aid and advice tendered by the prime minister, who leads the council of ministers as described in Article 74 of the Constitution of India.

text: The council of ministers remains in power during the 'pleasure' of the president. However, in practice, the council of ministers must retain the support of the Lok Sabha. If a president were to dismiss the council of ministers on his or her own initiative, it might trigger a constitutional crisis. Thus, in practice, the council of ministers cannot be dismissed as long as it holds the support of a majority in the Lok Sabha.

text: The president is responsible for appointing many high officials in India. These high officials include the governors of the 29 states; the chief justice; other judges of the supreme court and high courts on the advice of other judges; the Attorney general; the Comptroller and Auditor General; the Chief Election Commissioner and other election commissioners; the chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission; the officers of the All India Services (IAS, IFoS and IPS) and central civil services in group 'A'; and the ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries on the recommendations of the cabinet.[13][14]

text: The president, as the head of state, also receives the credentials of ambassadors from other countries, whilst the prime minister, as head of government, receives credentials of high commissioners from other members of the Commonwealth, in line with historical tradition.

text: The president is the de jure commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.[15]

text: The President of India can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person for one time, particularly in cases involving punishment of death. The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most other cases, however, the president exercises his or her executive powers on the advice of the prime minister.[16]

text: Vice president[edit]

text: The vice president is the second highest constitutional position in India after the president. The vice president represents the nation in the absence of the president and takes charge as acting president in the incident of resignation impeachment or removal of the president. The vice president also has the legislative function of acting as the chairman of the Rajya Sabha.[17] The vice president is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of the parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by the election commission.

text: Prime minister[edit]

text: The Prime Minister of India, as addressed in the Constitution of India, is the chief of the government, chief adviser to the president, head of the council of ministers and the leader of the majority party in the parliament. The prime minister leads the executive of the Government of India.

text: The prime minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive of government in a parliamentary system. The prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet; allocates posts to members within the Government; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing a proposal of legislation. The resignation or death of the prime minister dissolves the cabinet.

text: The prime minister is appointed by the president to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive.

text: Cabinet, ministries and agencies[edit]

text: The Cabinet of India includes the prime minister and his cabinet ministers.[18] Each minister must be a member of one of the houses of the parliament. The cabinet is headed by the prime minister, and is advised by the cabinet secretary, who also acts as the head of the Indian Administrative Service and other civil services. Other ministers are either as union cabinet ministers, who are heads of the various ministries; or ministers of state, who are junior members who report directly to one of the cabinet ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government; or ministers of state (independent charges), who do not report to a cabinet minister. As per article 88 of the constitution, every minister shall have the right to speak in, and to take part in the proceedings of, either house, any joint sitting of the houses, and any committee of parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not be entitled to a vote in the house where he is not a member.

text: Secretaries[edit]

text: A secretary to the Government of India, a civil servant, generally an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer,[19][20][21][22] is the administrative head of the ministry or department, and is the principal adviser to the minister on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry/department.[23][24] Secretaries to the Government of India rank 23rd on Indian order of precedence.[25][26][27][28] Secretaries at the higher level are assisted by one or many additional secretaries, who are further assisted by joint secretaries.[24] At the middle they are assisted by directors/deputy secretaries and under secretaries.[24] At the lower level, there are section officers, assistant section officers, upper division clerks, lower division clerks and other secretarial staff.[24]

text:
Ministries and departments of the Government of India
hide

Ministry

Department(s)

President's Secretariat

Vice President's Secretariat

Prime Minister's Office

Atomic Energy

Space

Cabinet Secretariat

Agriculture and Farmers Welfare

Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare

Agricultural Research and Education

Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries

AYUSH

Chemicals and Fertilizers

Chemicals and Petrochemicals

Fertilizers

Pharmaceuticals

Civil Aviation

Coal

Commerce and Industry

Commerce

Industrial Policy and Promotion

Communications

Posts

Telecommunications

Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution

Consumer Affairs

Food and Public Distribution

Corporate Affairs

Culture

Defence

Defence

Defence Production

Defence Research and Development

Ex-servicemen Welfare

Development of North Eastern Region

Drinking Water and Sanitation

Earth Sciences

Electronics and Information Technology

Environment, Forest and Climate Change

External Affairs

Finance

Economic Affairs

Expenditure

Financial Services

Investment and Public Asset Management

Revenue

Food Processing Industries

Health and Family Welfare

Health and Family Welfare

Health Research

Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises

Heavy Industry

Public Enterprises

Home Affairs

Border Management

Internal Security

Jammu Kashmir Affairs

Home

Official Language

States

Housing and Urban Affairs

Human Resource Development

Higher Education

School Education and Literacy

Information and Broadcasting

Labour and Employment

Law and Justice

Justice

Legal Affairs

Legislative

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Mines

Minority Affairs

New and Renewable Energy

NITI Aayog

Panchayati Raj

Parliamentary Affairs

Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions

Personnel and Training

Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

Pension and Pensioners' Welfare

Petroleum and Natural Gas

Power

Railways

Road Transport and Highways

Rural Development

Land Resources

Rural Development

Science and Technology

Biotechnology

Science and Technology

Scientific and Industrial Research

Shipping

Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

Social Justice and Empowerment

Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

Social Justice and Empowerment

Statistics and Programme Implementation

Steel

Textiles

Tourism

Tribal Affairs

Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

Women and Child Development

Youth Affairs and Sports

Sports

Youth Affairs

Total

Ministries

Departments

58

93

text: Civil services[edit]

text: The Civil Services of India are the civil services and the permanent bureaucracy of India. The executive decisions are implemented by the Indian civil servants.

text: In the parliamentary democracy of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage. The ministers are indirectly responsible to the people themselves. But the handful of ministers are not expected to deal personally with the various problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to enforce it.

text: Cabinet secretary[edit]

text: The cabinet secretary (IAST: Maṃtrimaṇḍala Saciva) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and head of all civil services under the rules of business of the government.

text: The cabinet secretary is generally the senior-most officer of the Indian Administrative Service. The cabinet secretary ranks 11th on the Indian order of precedence.[25][26][27][28] The cabinet secretary is under the direct charge of the prime minister.

text: Judiciary[edit]

text: India's independent union judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries. The Supreme Court of India consists of the chief justice and 30 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the Chief Justice of India. The jury trials were abolished in India in the early 1960s, after the famous case KM Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra, for reasons of being vulnerable to media and public pressure, as well as to being misled.

text: Unlike its United States counterpart, the Indian justice system consists of a unitary system at both state and union level. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of India, high courts at the state level, and district courts and sessions courts at the district level.

text: Supreme court[edit]

text: The Supreme Court of India is situated in New Delhi, the capital region of India.

text: The supreme court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.[29]

text: As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the constitution by the president. It also may take cognisance of matters on its own (or 'suo moto'), without anyone drawing its attention to them. The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments.[30] Per Article 142, it is the duty of the President to enforce the decrees of the supreme court.

text: In addition, Article 32 of the constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the supreme court in regard to enforcing fundamental rights. It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari to enforce them. The supreme court has been conferred with power to direct transfer of any civil or criminal case from one state high court to another state high court, or from a court subordinate to another state high court and the supreme court. Although the proceedings in the supreme court arise out of the judgment or orders made by the subordinate courts, of late the supreme court has started entertaining matters in which interest of the public at large is involved. This may be done by any individual or group of persons either by filing a writ petition at the filing counter of the court, or by addressing a letter to the Chief Justice of India, highlighting the question of public importance for redress. These are known as public interest litigations.[31]

text: Elections and voting[edit]

text: India has a quasi-federal form of government, called "union" or "central" government,[32] with elected officials at the union, state and local levels. At the national level, the head of government, the prime minister, is appointed by the President of India from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the Lok Sabha. The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by universal adult suffrage through a first-past-the-post voting system. Members of the Rajya Sabha, which represents the states, are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by proportional representation, except for 12 members who are nominated by the president.

text: India is currently the largest democracy in the world, with around 834 million eligible voters, as of 2014.[33]

text: State and local governments[edit]

text: State governments in India are the governments ruling States of India and the chief minister heads the state government. Power is divided between union government and state governments. State government's legislature is bicameral in 7 states and unicameral in the rest. Lower house is elected with 5 years term, while in upper house 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every 2 years with 6-year term.

text: Local government function at the basic level. It is the third level of government apart from union and state governments. It consists of panchayats in rural areas and municipalities in urban areas. They are elected directly or indirectly by the people.

text: Finance[edit]

text: Taxation[edit]

text: India has a three-tier tax structure, wherein the constitution empowers the union government to levy income tax, tax on capital transactions (wealth tax, inheritance tax), sales tax, service tax, customs and excise duties and the state governments to levy sales tax on intrastate sale of goods, tax on entertainment and professions, excise duties on manufacture of alcohol, stamp duties on transfer of property and collect land revenue (levy on land owned). The local governments are empowered by the state government to levy property tax and charge users for public utilities like water supply, sewage etc.[34] More than half of the revenues of the union and state governments come from taxes, of which 3/4 come from direct taxes. More than a quarter of the union government's tax revenues is shared with the state governments.[35]

text: The tax reforms, initiated in 1991, have sought to rationalise the tax structure and increase compliance by taking steps in the following directions:

text:
Reducing the rates of individual and corporate income taxes, excises, customs and making it more progressive
Reducing exemptions and concessions
Simplification of laws and procedures
Introduction of permanent account number (PAN) to track monetary transactions
21 of the 29 states introduced value added tax (VAT) on 1 April 2005 to replace the complex and multiple sales tax system[34][36]

text: The non-tax revenues of the central government come from fiscal services, interest receipts, public sector dividends, etc., while the non-tax revenues of the States are grants from the central government, interest receipts, dividends and income from general, economic and social services.[37]

text: Inter-state share in the union tax pool is decided by the recommendations of the Finance Commission to the president.

text: Total tax receipts of Centre and State amount to approximately 18% of national GDP. This compares to a figure of 37–45% in the OECD.

text: Union budget[edit]

text: The Finance minister of India usually presents the annual union budget in the parliament on the last working day of February. However, for the F.Y. 2017-18, this tradition had been changed. Now budget will be presented on the 1st day of February. The budget has to be passed by the Lok Sabha before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's fiscal year. The Union budget is preceded by an economic survey which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial year[38]

text: India's non-development revenue expenditure had increased nearly five-fold in 2003–04 since 1990–91 and more than tenfold since 1985–1986. Interest payments are the single largest item of expenditure and accounted for more than 40% of the total non-development expenditure in the 2003–04 budget. Defense expenditure increased fourfold during the same period and has been increasing because of India's desire to project its military prowess beyond South Asia. In 2007, India's defence spending stood at US$26.5 billion.

text: Issues[edit]

text: Corruption[edit]

text: Several ministers are accused of corruption and nearly a quarter of the 543 elected members of parliament had been charged with crimes, including murder, in 2009.[39] Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high level government officials, including cabinet ministers and chief ministers, such as the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam (₹70,000 crore (equivalent to ₹1.1 trillion or US$16 billion in 2017)), the Adarsh Housing Society scam, the Coal Mining Scam (₹1.86 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹3.0 trillion or US$43 billion in 2017)), the mining scandal in Karnataka and the cash for vote scandal.


document_title: Let's Make a Deal

question_text: where does let's make a deal film

question_tokens: where does let 's make a deal film

text: Let's Make a Deal

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: Let's Make a Deal first aired on NBC in 1963 as part of its daytime schedule. The show moved to ABC in 1968, where it remained until 1976; and on two separate occasions the show was given a weekly nighttime spot on those networks.[2] The first syndicated edition of Let's Make a Deal premiered in 1971. Distributed by ABC Films, and then by its successor Worldvision Enterprises once the fin-syn rules were enacted, the series ran until 1977 and aired weekly.

text: A revival of the series based in Hall's native Canada was launched in 1980 and aired in syndication on American and Canadian stations for one season. This series was produced by Catalena Productions and distributed in America by Rhodes Productions, Catalena's partner company. In the fall of 1984, the series returned for a third run in syndication as The All-New Let's Make a Deal. Running for two seasons until 1986, this series was distributed by Telepictures.

text: NBC revived Let's Make a Deal twice in a thirteen-year span. The first was a daytime series in 1990 that was the first to not be produced or hosted by Monty Hall. Instead, the show was a production of Ron Greenberg and Dick Clark, and featured Bob Hilton (best known for announcing other game shows) as host (although Hall would eventually return as host for special episodes).

text: A primetime edition was launched in 2003 but drew poor ratings and was cancelled after three of its intended five episodes had aired. This version had CNN reporter Billy Bush as host, and had a significantly larger budget.

text: A partial remake called Big Deal, hosted by Mark DeCarlo, was broadcast on Fox in 1996. In 1998 and 1999, Buena Vista Television (now Disney–ABC Domestic Television) was in talks with Stone-Stanley (the producers of Big Deal) to create a revival hosted by Gordon Elliott, but it was never picked up.[3] The show was one of several used as part of the summer series Gameshow Marathon on CBS in 2006, hosted by Ricki Lake.

text: As noted above, CBS revived Let's Make a Deal in 2009. The revival premiered on October 5, 2009, and CBS airs the show daily at 10:00 am and 3:00 pm Eastern time (9:00 am and 2:00 pm in other time zones). Like the program that it replaced, the long-running soap opera Guiding Light, affiliates can choose to air it in either time slot; most affiliates, however, prefer the early slot in order to pair the two CBS daytime game shows together.

text: From September 20 to October 15, 2010, Let's Make a Deal and The Price Is Right aired two episodes a day on alternating weeks. CBS did this to fill a gap between the final episode of As the World Turns, which ended a fifty-four year run on September 17, 2010, and the debut of The Talk. The double-run games aired at 2:00 pm Eastern.

text: Although the current version of the show debuted in September 2009, long after The Price Is Right (which made the switch in September 2008) and the two Sony Pictures Television daytime dramas had made the switch to high definition, Let's Make a Deal was, along with Big Brother, one of only two programs across the five major networks that was still being actively produced in standard definition. For the start of production for its 2014–15 season in June 2014, Let's Make a Deal began being produced in high definition, with Big Brother 16 making the switch later in June. Let's Make a Deal was the last remaining CBS program to make the switch by air date, with the first HD episode airing on September 22, 2014.[4]

text: Past personnel[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Monty Hall hosted the original daytime network series for its entire run (with the exception of a short time in early 1972 when Hall fell ill and early television pioneer Dennis James substituted in his stead); Hall also hosted its accompanying primetime and syndicated series as well as the two 1980s syndicated efforts, and he served as consultant for the current version until his death.

text: Game show announcer Bob Hilton became the new host for the NBC 1990 series, however due to low ratings, Hilton was fired from the show and in October 1990, Hall returned to the show (but was announced as "guest host") and remained as host until the series was canceled in January 1991. Access Hollywood host Billy Bush emceed the 2003 series, with Hall making a cameo appearance in one episode. Each Let's Make a Deal announcer also served as a de facto assistant host, as many times the announcer would be called upon to carry props across the trading floor. The original announcer for the series was Wendell Niles, who was replaced by Jay Stewart in 1964. Stewart remained with Let's Make a Deal until the end of the syndicated series in 1977. The 1980 Canadian-produced syndicated series was announced by Chuck Chandler. The 1984 syndicated series employed voice actor Brian Cummings in the announcer/assistant role for its first season, with disc jockey Dean Goss taking the position for the following season. The 1990 NBC revival series was announced by Dean Miuccio, with the 2003 edition featuring Vance DeGeneres in that role.

text: The longest tenured prize model on Let's Make a Deal was Carol Merrill, who stayed with the series from its debut until 1977. The models on the 1980s series were Maggie Brown, Julie Hall (1980), Karen LaPierre, and Melanie Vincz (1984). For the 1990 series, the show featured Georgia Satelle and identical twins Elaine and Diane Klimaszewski, who later gained fame as the Coors Light Twins.

text: Hall (2010 and 2013) and Merrill (2013) both appeared on the current Brady version, each making one-week appearances each. The 2013 celebration of the franchise's 50th anniversary was Hall's last official appearance on the show prior to his death, but Hall also appeared in 2017 CBS publicity shots with Brady as part of a CBS Daytime publicity photo celebrating the network's daytime ratings.[5]

text: When the current version debuted in 2009 at Las Vegas, Alison Fiori was the show's original model, lasting for much of the first season in Las Vegas before the show moved to Los Angeles. During the 2013-14 season, Danielle Demski was the show's model for most of the season while Tiffany Coyne was on maternity leave.

text: Production locations[edit]

text: The original daytime series was recorded at NBC Studios in Burbank, California and then at ABC Television Center in Los Angeles once the program switched networks in 1968. The weekly syndicated series also taped at ABC Television Center, doing so for its first five seasons. After ABC cancelled the daytime series in 1976, production of the syndicated series ceased there as well and the sixth and final season was recorded in the ballroom of the Las Vegas Hilton hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.

text: The 1980 Canadian series taped at Panorama Studios in Vancouver, BC, which production company Catalena Productions used as its base of operations. The All-New Let's Make a Deal taped its first season of episodes in Burbank at NBC Studios, then moved to Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California for the second and final season. The 1990 NBC daytime series was recorded at Disney-MGM Studios on the grounds of Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. The 2003 revival returned production to Burbank.

text: The current edition of the series originally emanated from the Tropicana in Las Vegas. The show returned to Hollywood in 2010, first at Sunset Bronson Studios and later at Raleigh Studios.

text: Format[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Game play[edit]

text: Each episode of Let's Make a Deal consists of several "deals" between the host and a member (or members, generally a married couple) of the audience, referred to as "traders." Audience members are picked at the host's whim as the show moves along, and couples are often selected to play together as traders. The deals are mini-games within the show that take several formats.

text: In the simplest format, a trader is given a prize of medium value (such as a television set or a few hundred dollars in cash), and the host offers them the opportunity to trade for another prize. However, the offered prize is unknown. It might be concealed on the stage behind one of three curtains, or behind "boxes" onstage (large panels painted to look like boxes), within smaller boxes brought out to the audience, or occasionally in other formats. The initial prize given to the trader may also be concealed, such as in a box, wallet or purse, or the trader might be initially given a box, envelope or curtain. The format varies widely.

text: Technically, traders are supposed to bring something to trade in, but this rule has seldom been enforced. On several occasions, a trader is actually asked to trade in an item such as their shoes or purse, only to receive the item back at the end of the deal as a "prize". On at least one occasion, the purse was taken backstage and a high-valued prize was placed inside of it.

text: Prizes generally are either a legitimate prize, such as a trip, electronics, furniture, appliances, or a car. Certain contestants also win cash, or a junked booby prize called the "zonk" (e.g., live animals, large amounts of food, fake money, fake trips, junked cars, etc. or something outlandish such as a giant article of clothing, a room full of junked furniture, etc.). Sometimes zonks are legitimate prizes but of a low value (e.g., Matchbox cars, wheelbarrows, T-shirts, groceries, etc.). On rare occasions, a trader appears to get zonked, but the zonk is a cover-up for a legitimate prize. Also on rare occasions, a contestant who is zonked is given an opportunity to play for the Big Deal of the Day; usually, this happens only if there are very few or no big winners during the show.

text: Though usually considered joke prizes, traders legally win the zonks.[6] However, after the taping of the show, any trader who had been zonked is offered a consolation prize (currently $100) instead of having to take home the actual zonk. This is partly because some of the zonks are impractical or physically impossible to receive or deliver to the traders (such as live animals or the guy in an animal costume), or the props are owned by the studio. A disclaimer at the end of the credits of later 1970s episodes read "Some traders accept reasonable duplicates of zonk prizes." Starting in the 2012–13 season, CBS invited viewers to provide zonk ideas to producers. At the end of the season, the zonk declared the most creative was worth $2,500 to the winner, and other viewers' zonk ideas were also used. For every viewer-developed zonk, the host announced the viewer who provided the zonk. The contest has been continued throughout the past several seasons after its 2012 introduction.

text: Quickie Deals[edit]

text: As the end credits of the show roll, it is typical for the host to ask random members of the studio audience to participate in fast deals. In the current Wayne Brady version, these are often referred to as "quickie deals", and are conducted by the host, announcer, and model each. CBS will post information on the show's Twitter address (@LetsMakeADeal) days before taping to encourage audience members to carry certain items in their pockets in order to win an additional $500 cash, when one of the hosts approaches them at the end of the show and asks to see such items.[7] The deals are usually in the form of the following:

text:
Offering cash to a person for possessing a certain item.
Paying a small cash amount for each instance of a certain item (coins, paperclips, etc.) that a person can produce.
Offering cash for each instance of a particular digit in the serial number on a dollar bill, driver's license, etc.
Offering to pay the last check in the person's checkbook, if they had one, up to a certain limit (usually $500 or $1,000).
Offering cash to one person if they can correctly guess how much the Big Deal of the Day was worth exactly, or the name of the contestant who played for it.
Offering cash to one person if they can correctly choose which one of two photos appeared on the show's Instagram account.
Offering cash to one person if they can correctly answer a question relating to their costume.
Offering cash to one person if they can correctly guess how much money ($100, $200, or $300) was in the announcer's hand.

text: Other deal formats[edit]

text: Deals were often more complicated than the basic format described above. Additionally, some deals took the form of games of chance, and others in the form of pricing games.

text: Trading deals[edit]

text:
Choosing an envelope, purse, wallet, etc., which conceal dollar bills. One of them conceals a pre-announced value (usually $1 or $5), which awards a car or trip. The other envelopes contain a larger amount of money as a consolation prize. The trader must decide whether to keep their choice or trade. In some playings it is possible for more than one trader to win the grand prize.
Making decisions for another person, such as a spouse or a series of unrelated traders. Sometimes after several offers, the teams are broken up to make an individual decision.
Being presented with a large grocery item (e.g., a box of candy bars)—almost always containing a hidden cash amount—or a "claim check" at the start of the show. Throughout the show, the trader is given several chances to trade the item and/or give it to another trader in exchange for a different box or curtain. The final trader in possession of the item prior to the Big Deal is usually offered first choice of the three doors in exchange for giving up the item. The contents of the item are only revealed after the Big Deal is awarded (or prior to the Big Deal if the last trader with the item elected to choose one of the three doors). A variation included a cash box with at various points the host inserting packets of money inside, with the trader allowed to give it to another trader in exchange for a curtain or box. As with the above deal, the host revealed the contents only after the last trader with the box goes for the Big Deal (again, he/she is given first choice of the doors) or after the Big Deal segment and before the closing credits.

text: Games of chance[edit]

text: A wide variety of chance-based games have been used on the show. Examples:

text:
Collecting a certain amount of money hidden inside wallets, envelopes, etc., or by pressing unlabeled buttons on a cash register, in order to reach a pre-stated "selling price" for a larger prize, such as a car, trip or larger amount of cash. Typically, there may also be one or more zonk items hidden which end the game immediately if found. In the cash register game, if the zonk button—the one that rings up "No Sale" – is found, the trader was offered a chance to find the second "No Sale" sign to win the grand prize, otherwise the trader won whatever amount was rang up, often double the amount. In the current CBS version, a board with thirteen cash amounts and two zonks is used.
Choosing one from among several items (e.g., one of three keys that unlocks a safe, one of three diamond rings that is genuine, one of three eggs that is raw, etc.) in order to win money or a prize. Sometimes, two or perhaps all three of the items would pay off with the stated prize, especially if multiple traders played.
Games involving a deck of cards in which a trader must find matching cards, draw cards that reach a cumulative total within a certain number of draws, draw a certain number of cards from a certain suit to win a designated prize (with one suit always designated as going toward a "zonk," which ends the game with nothing won), etc. to win a prize or additional money.
Receiving clues about an unknown prize (such as a partial spelling of the prize or clues in the form or rap, rhyme, etc.) and deciding whether to take the unknown prize or a cash prize.
Receiving money in the form of a long strip of bills dispensed one at a time from a machine. The trader can end the game at any time and keep the accumulated money, but he/she forfeits it if a blank sheet appears. Updated versions of the game involve an ATM. Depositing a card withdraws cash, but if the ATM displays "overdrawn" on the screen the trader loses everything.
Being given a choice between a cash prize or one spin of a wheel that can award larger/smaller amounts, a zonk, or a car.
Rolling dice to receive cash based upon the roll or achieving a cumulative score within a certain number of rolls to win a larger prize.

text: Depending on the game, the trader is given the opportunity to stop the game at various points and take a "sure thing" deal or cash/prizes already accumulated or continue on and risk possibly losing.

text: Pricing games[edit]

text: Other deals related to pricing merchandise are featured in order to win a larger prize or cash amounts. Sometimes traders are required to price individual items (either grocery products or smaller prizes generally valued less than $100) within a certain range to win successively larger prizes or a car. Other times traders must choose an item that a pre-announced price, order grocery items or small prizes from least to most expensive, or two items with prices that total a certain amount to win a larger prize. These games are not used on the CBS version because of their similarities to The Price is Right.

text: Quiz games[edit]

text: On the CBS version, due to the similarities of the pricing game concept with The Price is Right, quiz games are used instead. These deals involve products in the form of when they were introduced to the market, general knowledge quizzes, currency exchange rates (at the time of taping), or knowledge of geography of trips to certain locales used as prizes.

text: Big Deal[edit]

text: The Big Deal serves as the final segment of the show and offers a chance at a significantly larger prize for a lucky trader. Before the round, the value of the day's Big Deal is announced to the audience.

text: The process for choosing traders was the same for every series through the 2003 NBC primetime series. Monty Hall (or his successors) would begin asking the day's traders, starting with the highest winner, if they wanted to give back what they had managed to win earlier in the show for a chance to choose one of three numbered doors on the stage. The process continued until two traders agreed to play, and the biggest winner of the two got first choice of Door #1, Door #2, or Door #3. The other trader then chose from the remaining two doors. Since the 2009 series, the Big Deal has been played with just one trader.

text: Each of the doors conceals either a prize package of some sort, or a cash award hidden inside a prop such as "Monty's Piggy Bank" or the "Let's Make a Deal Vault." On occasion, a door containing an all-cash prize is opened before the traders make their choices, but the amount of the prize is not revealed. Most often, the value of the "Low" Door (the lowest-valued door) is less than the value of the player's original winnings, while the "Medium" Door's value is at least $1,000 more than the player's traded winnings.

text: When the Big Deal is not behind the selected door, one of the non-Big Deal doors is opened first, then the chosen door, with the Big Deal revealed last. If the Big Deal door IS selected, the other two doors are usually revealed first, although on rare occasions, the Big Deal door has been revealed second, after one of the other two doors (usually the "Medium" door) is revealed.

text: The Big Deal prize is usually the most extravagant on each episode, and is often a car or a vacation with first-class accommodations. On occasion, the Big Deal consists of one of the all-cash prizes mentioned above; at other times, a cash bonus is added to the prizes in the Big Deal to bring the total up to the announced value. On other occasions, the Big Deal is revealed to include "Everything in the Big Deal", meaning the prizes behind all 3 doors are won if the player chose the Big Deal.

text: The Big Deal is the one time in the show where a trader is guaranteed to not walk away with a Zonk.

text: Super Deal[edit]

text: During the 1975–76 syndicated season, winners of the Big Deal were offered a chance to win the "Super Deal". At this point, Big Deals were limited to a range of $8,000 to $10,000. The trader could risk their Big Deal winnings on a shot at adding a $20,000 cash prize, which was hidden behind only one of three mini-doors onstage. The other two doors contained cash amounts of $1,000 or $2,000; however, the $1,000 value was later replaced with a "mystery" amount between $1,000 and $9,000. A trader who decided to play risked their Big Deal winnings and selected one of the mini-doors. If the $20,000 prize was behind the door, the trader kept the Big Deal and added the $20,000 prize, for a potential maximum total of $30,000. However, if a trader selected one of the other two doors, he or she forfeited the Big Deal prizes but kept the cash amount behind the door. The Super Deal was discontinued when the show permanently moved to Las Vegas for the final season (1976–77), and Big Deal values returned to the previous range of $10,000 to $15,000.

text: From 2012 to 2016 of the Brady version, the Super Deal was offered as a limited event (usually for a week of shows promoted as "Super Deal Week") and was not played regularly. The show designated one or two weeks of episodes, typically airing during a special event (e.g., the 500th episode, 50th anniversary of franchise, etc.). In this version, the top cash prize was $50,000 while the other two cash prizes were $1,000 and $2,000. In addition, instead of using mini-doors, the cash amounts were hidden in three large colored envelopes of red, green, and purple, respectively referred by Brady as ruby, emerald, and sapphire.

text: Mega-Deal week[edit]

text: For season premiere weeks in 2015 and 2016 of the Brady version, Big Deal of the Day winners had an opportunity to win every non-zonk, non-cash prize from that day's episode as a "Mega-Deal". Prior to the start of the Big Deal, the contestant picked both a Big Deal curtain and one of seven Mega Deal cards (reduced by one for each day that the Mega Deal was not won that week). Unlike the Super Deal, the contestant does not risk their winnings in the Mega Deal. Only if the contestant won the Big Deal would the contestant's card be revealed. If the card was the Mega Deal, they won every non-zonk, non-cash prize on the show that day. Regardless, at the end of the Big Deal, whichever door was chosen was the contestant's to keep.

text: Mash-Up Week[edit]

text: The week of May 9, 2016 was designated Mash-Up Week. During each of the five broadcast days, Deal and The Price Is Right each featured one game from the other's lineup. The games were slightly modified to reflect the nature of the shows on which they were played; those on TPIR required contestants to price items, while those on Deal used random draws and the offer of cash/prize deals to stop a game early.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Upon the original Let's Make a Deal's debut, journalist Charles Witbeck was skeptical of the show's chances of success, noting that the previous four NBC programs to compete with CBS's Password had failed.[8] Some critics described the show as "mindless" and "demeaning to traders and audiences alike".[9]

text: By 1974, however, the show had spent more than a decade at or near the top of daytime ratings, and became the highest-rated syndicated primetime program.[9] At the time, the show held the world's record for the longest waiting list for tickets in show-business history[9][10] – there were 350 seats available for each show, and a wait time of two-to-three years after requesting a ticket.[9][10]

text: In 2001, Let's Make a Deal was ranked as #18 on TV Guide's list of "The 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time".[11] In 2006, GSN aired a series of specials counting down its own list of the "50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time", on which Let's Make a Deal was #7.[12]

text: In 2014, the American series won a Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Song for "30,000 Reasons to Love Me", composed by Cat Gray and sung by Wayne Brady.[13]

text: Episode status[edit]

text:
ABC Daytime: A clip from the ABC daytime premiere was used on Monty Hall's "Biography", which aired during Game Show Week on A&E. Another episode from 1969 was found, which features a gaffe that Hall himself rated as his most embarrassing moment on Let's Make a Deal – at the end of the show, he attempted to make a deal with a woman carrying a baby's bottle. Noting that it had a removable rubber nipple, he offered the woman $100 if she could show him another nipple (she didn't).[14] Episodes substitute-hosted by Dennis James exist in his personal library; a portion of one such episode is widely circulated as part of a pitch film for James's version of The Price Is Right.[15]
ABC Nighttime/1971–77 Syndicated: Episodes have been seen on GSN in the past. The CBN Cable Network reran the syndicated series in the 1980s and its successor, The Family Channel, from June 7, 1993[16] to March 29, 1996.[17]
The 1984–86 syndicated version has been seen on GSN in the past. Reruns previously aired on the USA Network from December 29, 1986[18] to December 30, 1988[19] and The Family Channel from August 30, 1993[20] to March 29, 1996.[21] Buzzr began airing episodes from 1985 on June 1, 2016.
The 1990s NBC version has not been seen since its cancellation.
The 2003 NBC prime time version only aired three of the five episodes produced, with no rebroadcasts since.

text: International versions[edit]

text: RTL Group holds international (and as of February 2009, American) rights to the show, and has licensed the show to 14 countries.

text:
Region or country
Local name
Host
Network
Dates

 Australia
Let's Make A Deal
Mike Dyer
John Laws
Jimmy Hannan
Garry Meadows
Nine Network
1968–69
1976–77

Vince Sorrenti
Network Ten
1990–91

 Brazil[22]
Topa um Acordo?
Rodrigo Faro
Rede Record
April 26, 2014 – December 2014

 Canada (in English)
Let's Make A Deal
Monty Hall
Syndication
1980–81*

 Egypt[23]
لعبة الحياة – ليتس ميك آي ديل
Lebet el hayat
Moutaz Al-Demirdash
Al Hayat 1
2013–present

 France[24]
Le Bigdil
Vincent Lagaf' and Bill
TF1
1998–2004

 Germany[25]
Geh aufs Ganze!
Jörg Draeger
Elmar Hörig
Sat.1 (1992–97)
tm3 (1997–98)
kabel eins (1999–2003)
1992–2003

 Greece[26]
Τo Μεyάλo Παζάρi
To Megalo Pazari
Andreas Mikroutsikos
Mega Channel
1992–93

Parta Ola
1997

Τα σουτιέν και ο Αντρέας – Το πιο Μεγάλο Παζάρι
Ta soutien kai o Antreas – To pio Megalo Pazari
Alpha TV
2006–07

 Hungary[27]
Zsákbamacska
Rozsa Gyorgy
MTV 1
1994–98

 India[28]
Khullja Sim Sim
Aman Verma
Hussain Kuwajerwala
Star Plus
BIG Magic
2001–04
2012–13

 Indonesia[29]
Super Deal 2 Milyar
Nico Siahaan
Aditya Herpavi Rachman
Indra Bekti and Indy Barends
antv
2006–07
April 29, 2010 – December 31, 2010
July 25, 2011 – November 21, 2011

Super Deal
Uya Kuya
2014–2015

Raffi Ahmad and Ruben Onsu
2016

 Israel
עשינו עסק
Asinu eseq
Avri Gilad
Zvika Hadar
Channel 2
1994–95
1996

 Italy[30]
Facciamo un affare
Iva Zanicchi
Canale 5
1985–86

 Lebanon
قصة كبيرة
Ossa kbireh
Michel Kazi
Future TV
2002

 Mexico
Trato Hecho

1999

 Poland[31]
Idź na całość
Zygmunt Chajzer (1997–2000)
Krzysztof Tyniec (2000–2001)
Polsat
1997–2001

 Portugal[32]
Negócio Fechado
Henrique Mendes
SIC
1999–2000

 Romania
Batem palma!
Dan Negru
Antena 1
2002–03

 Spain[33]
Fem Un Pacte
Joan Monleón
Canal Nou
1996

Trato Hecho
Bertín Osborne
Antena 3
1998–2000
2002

¿Hay Trato?
Carlos Sobera
2004

 Turkey
Seç Bakalım
Erhan Yazıcıoğlu
Kanal 6
ATV
1992–95
1995–98

 United Kingdom
Trick or Treat
Mike Smith and Julian Clary
ITV
1989

 U.S. (in English)
Let's Make a Deal
Monty Hall
NBC
1963–67

ABC
Daytime 1968–76
Primetime 1969–71

Syndication
1971–77

Syndication
1980–81*

The All-New Let's Make a Deal
Syndication
1984–86

Let's Make a Deal
Bob Hilton
NBC
1990–91

Big Deal
Mark DeCarlo
FOX
1996

Let's Make a Deal
Billy Bush
NBC
2003

Wayne Brady
CBS
2009–present

 U.S. (in Spanish)
Trato Hecho
Guillermo Huesca
Univision
January 10, 2005 – December 9, 2005

 Vietnam
Ô cửa bí mật
Trần Ngọc
VTV3
January 6, 2008 – February 19, 2012

text: * The 1980–81 version aired in both the U.S. and Canada.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: In 1964, Milton Bradley released a home version of Let's Make a Deal featuring gameplay somewhat different from the television show. In 1974, Ideal Toys released an updated version of the game featuring Hall on the box cover, which was also given to all traders on the syndicated version in the 1974–75 season. An electronic tabletop version by Tiger Electronics was released in 1998. In the late summer of 2006, an interactive DVD version of Let's Make a Deal was released by Imagination Games, which also features classic clips from the Monty Hall years of the show. In 2010, Pressman Toy Corporation released an updated version of the box game, with gameplay more similar to the 1974 version, featuring Brady on the box cover.[34]

text: Various U.S. lotteries have included instant lottery tickets based on Let's Make a Deal.[35]

text: In 1999, Shuffle Master teamed up with Bally's to do a video slot machine game based on the show with the voice and likeness of Monty Hall.

text: In 2004, IGT (International Gaming Technology) did a new video slot game based on the show still featuring Monty Hall.

text: In 2013, Aristocrat Technology did an all-new video slot machine game based on the Wayne Brady version.

text: The Monty Hall Problem[edit]

text: The Monty Hall Problem, also called the Monty Hall paradox, is a veridical paradox because the result appears impossible but is demonstrably true. The Monty Hall problem, in its usual interpretation, is mathematically equivalent to the earlier Three Prisoners problem, and both bear some similarity to the much older Bertrand's box paradox. The problem examines the counterintuitive effect of switching one's choice of doors, one of which hides a "prize".

text: The problem has been analyzed many times, in books, articles and online.[36][37] In an interview with The New York Times reporter John Tierney in 1991, Hall gave an explanation of the solution to that problem, stating that he played on the psychology of the trader, and why the solution did not apply to the case of the actual show.[38]


document_title: Count von Count

question_text: who does the voice of the count on sesame street

text: Count von Count

text: Description and personality[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Count's main role in the show is to educate children about simple mathematical concepts, most notably, as his name implies, counting. The Count loves counting so much that he often will count anything and everything regardless of size or amount, and the other characters can sometimes be quite annoyed by this. In Season 6, for example, he once prevented Ernie from answering a telephone because he wanted to continue counting the number of times the telephone rang. At another time, while serving as an elevator operator, he refused to let Kermit the Frog get out at his selected floor so he could count every floor in the building. The Count can occasionally lose his temper when somebody or something interrupts his counting, or feel sad when there is nothing around for him to count, but apart from these, he is typically portrayed as friendly and cheerful.

text: The Count lives in an old cobweb-infested castle which he shares with many bats and a cat named Fatatita. He spent his childhood in the Carpathian Mountains, which makes it clear he is Romanian. Perhaps not surprising, he speaks in an accent from that area of the world. His pet bats tend to have Slavic names, such as Grisha, Misha, Sasha, and Tatiana. He views the bats as his "children" and sometimes counts them. As a running gag, his castle has a squeaky door, which visitors always point out, only for the Count to instantly change the subject to his counting addiction. The Count drives a special car, the Countmobile, designed to look like a bat. (cf. Batmobile)

text: The Count has been shown with a number of girlfriends, who tend to be vampire Countesses. These include Countess von Backwards (debuting in Sesame Street's 28th season) who counts backwards; Countess Dahling von Dahling (debuted in the 12th season); and one simply named "The Countess" (first appearing in season 8). The von Count family includes an unnamed brother and mother as well as an Uncle Uno and grandparents.

text: According to BBC News, during an interview with the More or Less team's Tim Harford, the Count said his favorite number is 34,969. The Count was quoted as saying, "It's a square-root thing.": 34,969 is a perfect square, being 1872.[1]

text: The Count mentions 2:30 at any chance he can get and often makes jokes about it. This number is likely a tooth-related pun ("Tooth Hurty").[2] During the afternoon, his segments of the show always come on at exactly 2:30 p.m. or during the "fashionably late" segment, which airs at 2:31.

text: The Count's signature song is "The Song of the Count".

text: History and "physicality" of the character[edit]

text: The Count debuted on Sesame Street in Season 4 (1972–73), and was conceived by Norman Stiles, who wrote the first script. The Count was performed by Jerry Nelson, who brought the character to life. He was originally made out of the Large Lavender Live Hand Anything Muppet pattern. Nelson voiced the Count until his death on August 23, 2012. At that time, Matt Vogel had taken over performing the puppetry of the Count. Upon Nelson's death, Vogel started performing both the Count's voice and puppetry. His first performance of the Count was in a YouTube video called "Counting the Yous in YouTube", a song about the celebration of Sesame Street's YouTube channel reaching 1 billion views.

text: In the early 1970s, following a counting session, the Count would laugh maniacally, "AH AH AH AH AH!", accompanied by thunder and lightning flashes. He wouldn't let anything interrupt his counting, and used hypnotic powers to temporarily stun people with a wave of his hands.[3] This practice, however, was discontinued in the mid-1970s because of concern that young viewers would become frightened. In the mid-1970s, the Count became friendlier, did not have hypnotic powers, and interacted more with the characters (both live actors and Muppets).[citation needed] His laugh also changed from maniacal laughter to a more triumphant, stereotypical Dracula-style laugh.

text: Belvedere Castle, in New York's Central Park, was used for exterior establishing shots of the Count's castle on the show.

text: The Count made an appearance in the film The Muppets Take Manhattan at Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy's wedding, then in the Sesame Street movies Follow That Bird and The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland. Notably, the Count appeared on-screen during the closing credits of Follow That Bird where he proceeded to read and count the credits. He also says "Hi, Mom" when a credit appears for Joan Ganz Cooney, creator of Sesame Street.[4]

text: In Season 33, the Count got a daily segment on Sesame Street, simply called The Number of the Day.

text: Internationally[edit]

text:
In the Dutch version of the series, Sesamstraat, the Count's name is Graaf Tel (literally, "Count (nobleman) Count (process of counting)").
In the French series 1, Rue Sésame, his name is Comte von Compte.
In the German series Sesamstraße, his name is Graf Zahl (literally, "Count Number").
In the Hebrew series Rechov Sumsum, his name is 'מר סופר', phonetically pronounced 'Mar Sofer', which literally means "Mr. Counter".
In the Mexican series Plaza Sésamo, his name is Conde Contar (literally, "Count of Counting").
In the Polish series Ulica Sezamkowa, his name is Liczyhrabia (literally, "Countcount").
In the Portuguese series Rua Sésamo, his name is Conde de Contar (translated as "Count of Counting").
In the Russian series Улица Сезам, his name is Graf Znak (Граф Знак) (translated as "symbol" or "sign" as the mathematical categories).
In the Spanish series, Barrio Sésamo, his name is Conde Draco.
In the Turkish series Susam Sokağı, his name is Sayıların Kontu (literally, "The Count of Numbers")

text: Appearances outside Sesame Street[edit]

text:
The Count appeared on a video package aired on the first episode of the Late Show with David Letterman that was shown after Letterman's emergency quintuple bypass operation. He appeared as a surgeon in an operating theater, counting "One bypass... AH AH AH! Two bypass..."[citation needed]
The Count was interviewed in character on the BBC Radio 4 economics programme More or Less on December 11, 2009, where he mentioned his favorite number, 34969.
He appeared on the Halloween edition of SportsCenter to count down the top ten trick plays of the 2010 college football season.
He was a guest on Countdown with Keith Olbermann for the first anniversary episode.
He was animated in Family Guy counting bats, then Peter Griffin asked if the Count had ever "done someone in." In a later episode, when he's dating Meg Griffin, he counts, "One nipple! Two nipples! Three..." and then beats a hasty disgusted retreat.
He was also animated in The Simpsons, this time counting coconuts. Marge Simpson admits her dislike towards the Count. She gets upset and yells, "Go back to your own country!". In another episode, Homer Simpson and Count Dracula asked him where they could find Lisa Simpson and Edmund, who had run away together. The Count is also seen sucking Big Bird's blood.
In the Mormon Tabernacle Choir 2014 PBS Christmas Concert Keep Christmas with You, Tabernacle organist Richard Elliott along with the Count performed The Twelve Days of Christmas on the 7,667 pipe Conference center organ.
He was a guest on Late Night with Seth Meyers on March 27, 2015, to help out in the feature "This Week in Numbers".
In the video game Plague Inc., an achievement references The Count, which is triggered when the player's vampire makes 123 victims in USA.
An animated form of himself appears as Count Dracula in the "Yo Mama" series on YouTube. In one "Yo Mama So Fat" jokes, The Count contracts diabetes after sucking a fat woman's blood wherein he says "One..Two... Type 2 Diabetes" and makes his signature laugh before breaking down to despair by saying that it was never funny. A second fat joke depicts the fat woman's blood as Nutella and after sucking her blood once more wherein the show's host, Brody Foxx tastes the blood and compliments it, The Count announces that he forgot of his ailment and manically laughs before breaking down once more by stating that it was still not funny.
In Cars 2, Mater's vampire disguise looks similar to the Count.
He was interviewed in character by WIRED in a video released February 22, 2017. In the interview, he cannot decide on a single favorite number, and says he will be 6,523,728 years old "next October."[5]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The St. Paul Saints, an independent minor-league baseball team in St. Paul, Minnesota known for unique and sometimes over-the-top promotions, announced that it would give away 2,500 bobblehead dolls dressed as the Count at its May 23, 2009 game. However, instead of the Count's regular head, this doll's head featured Al Franken on one side and Norm Coleman on the other, and was called "Count von Re-Count"—referring to the extraordinarily prolonged recount and legal battle surrounding the 2008 U.S. Senate election between the two men. The team made further jabs at the election during the game.[6]

text: Australian rugby league football international Anthony Minichiello has been nicknamed 'The Count' due to his striking resemblance to the character.[7]


document_title: Military leadership in the American Civil War

question_text: who was the famous leader of the confederate military

text: The Union[edit]

text: Civilian military leaders[edit]

text: President Abraham Lincoln was Commander-in-Chief of the Union armed forces throughout the conflict; after his April 14, 1865 assassination, Vice President Andrew Johnson became the nation's chief executive.[1] Lincoln's first Secretary of War was Simon Cameron; Edwin M. Stanton was confirmed to replace Cameron in January 1862. Thomas A. Scott was Assistant Secretary of War. Gideon Welles was Secretary of the Navy, aided by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Fox.[2]

text: Regular Army officers[edit]

text: When the war began, the American standing army or "Regular army" consisted of only 1080 commissioned officers and 15,000 enlisted men.[3] Although 142 regular officers became Union generals during the war, most remained "frozen" in their regular units. That stated, most of the major Union wartime commanders had significant previous regular army experience.[4] Over the course of the war, the Commanding General of the United States Army was, in order of service, Winfield Scott, George B. McClellan, Henry Halleck, and finally, Ulysses S. Grant.

text:
Robert Anderson
Don Carlos Buell
John Buford
Ambrose Burnside
Edward Canby
Philip St. George Cooke
Jacob Dolson Cox
Thomas Turpin Crittenden
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
Samuel Curtis
Abner Doubleday
James A. Garfield
Quincy Adams Gillmore
Ulysses S. Grant
Henry Wager Halleck
Winfield Scott Hancock
Joseph Hooker
Andrew A. Humphreys
Henry Jackson Hunt
George B. McClellan
Irvin McDowell
James B. McPherson
Joseph K. Mansfield
George Meade
Montgomery C. Meigs
Dixon S. Miles
Edward Ord
John Pope
John F. Reynolds
William Rosecrans
John Schofield
Winfield Scott
John Sedgwick
Philip Sheridan
William T. Sherman
Andrew Jackson Smith
William Farrar Smith
George Stoneman
George Henry Thomas
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert
Gouverneur K. Warren
John E. Wool

text: Militia and political leaders appointed to Union military leadership[edit]

text: Under the United States Constitution, each state recruited, trained, equipped, and maintained local militia; regimental officers were appointed and promoted by state governors. After states answered Lincoln's April 15, 1861, ninety-day call for 75,000 volunteer soldiers, most Union states' regiments and batteries became known as "Volunteers" to distinguish between state and regular army units. Union brigade-level officers (generals) could receive two different types of Federal commissions: U.S. Army or U.S. Volunteers (ex: Major General, U.S.A. as opposed to Major General, U.S.V.). While most Civil War generals held volunteer or brevet rank, many generals held both types of commission; regular rank was considered superior.[5]

text:
Edward D. Baker
Nathaniel Prentice Banks
Francis Preston Blair, Jr.
Benjamin Franklin Butler
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
John Adams Dix
John C. Frémont
John Alexander McClernand
Daniel Sickles

text: Native American and international officers in Union Army[edit]

text: Reflecting the multi-national makeup of the soldiers engaged, some Union military leaders derived from nations other than the United States.

text:
Philippe, Comte de Paris
Michael Corcoran
Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski
Thomas Francis Meagher
Ely Parker
Albin F. Schoepf
Carl Schurz
Franz Sigel
Régis de Trobriand
Ivan Turchaninov

text: Union naval leaders[edit]

text: The rapid rise of the United States Navy during the Civil War contributed enormously to the North's ability to effectively blockade ports and Confederate shipping from quite early in the conflict. Handicapped by an aging 90 ship fleet, and despite significant manpower losses to the Confederate Navy after secession, a massive ship construction campaign embracing technological innovations from civil engineer James Buchanan Eads and naval engineers like Benjamin F. Isherwood and John Ericsson, along with four years' daily experience with modern naval conflict put the U. S. Navy onto a path which has led to today's world naval dominance.[6]

text:
John A. Dahlgren
Charles Henry Davis
Samuel Francis du Pont
David Farragut
Andrew Hull Foote
Samuel Phillips Lee
David Dixon Porter
John Ancrum Winslow
John Lorimer Worden

text: The Confederacy[edit]

text:
Jefferson Davis

Robert E. Lee

T.J. "Stonewall" Jackson

James Longstreet

Joseph E. Johnston

James Waddell

text: Civilian military leaders[edit]

text: Jefferson Davis was named provisional president on February 9, 1861, and assumed similar commander-in-chief responsibilities as would Lincoln; on November 6, 1861 Davis was elected President of the Confederate States of America under the Confederate Constitution. Alexander H. Stephens was appointed as Vice President of the Confederate States of America on February 18, 1861, and later assumed identical vice presidential responsibilities as Hannibal Hamlin did. Several men served the Confederacy as Secretary of War, including Leroy Pope Walker, Judah P. Benjamin, George W. Randolph, James Seddon, and John C. Breckinridge. Stephen Mallory was Confederate Secretary of the Navy throughout the conflict.[7]

text: Former Regular Army officers[edit]

text: In the wake of secession, many regular officers felt they could not betray loyalty to their home state, as a result some 313 of those officers resigned their commission and in many cases took up arms for the Confederate Army. Himself a graduate of West Point and a former regular officer, Confederate President Jefferson Davis highly prized these valuable recruits to the cause and saw that former regular officers were given positions of authority and responsibility.[8]

text:
Richard H. Anderson
P.G.T. Beauregard
Milledge Luke Bonham
Braxton Bragg
Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.
George B. Crittenden
Samuel Cooper
Jubal Anderson Early
Richard S. Ewell
Franklin Gardner
Robert S. Garnett
Josiah Gorgas
William Joseph Hardee
Ambrose Powell Hill
Daniel Harvey Hill
John Bell Hood
Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
Albert Sidney Johnston
Joseph E. Johnston
Robert E. Lee
Stephen D. Lee
Mansfield Lovell
James Longstreet
John B. Magruder
Humphrey Marshall
Dabney Herndon Maury
John Hunt Morgan
John C. Pemberton
George Pickett
Edmund Kirby Smith
Gustavus Woodson Smith
J.E.B. Stuart
William B. Taliaferro
Earl Van Dorn
Joseph Wheeler
Henry A. Wise

text: Militia and political leaders appointed to Confederate military leadership[edit]

text: The land of Davy Crockett and Andrew Jackson, the state military tradition was especially strong in southern states, some of which were until recently frontier areas. Several significant Confederate military leaders emerged from state unit commands.

text:
John C. Breckinridge
Benjamin F. Cheatham
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Wade Hampton
James L. Kemper
Ben McCulloch
Leonidas Polk
Sterling Price
Richard Taylor

text: Native American and international officers in Confederate army[edit]

text: While no foreign power sent troops or commanders directly to assist the Confederate States, some leaders derived from countries other than the United States.

text:
Patrick Cleburne
Stand Watie
Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac
Raleigh E. Colston
Collett Leventhorpe
George St. Leger Grenfell

text: Confederate naval leaders[edit]

text: The Confederate Navy possessed no extensive shipbuilding facilities; instead, it relied on refitting captured ships or purchased warships from Great Britain. The South had abundant navigable inland waterways, but after the Union built a vast fleet of gunboats, they soon dominated the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Red and other rivers, rendering those waterways almost useless to the Confederacy. Confederates did seize several Union Navy vessels in harbor after secession and converted a few into ironclads, like the CSS Virginia. Blockade runners were built and operated by British naval interests, although by late in the war the C.S. Navy operated some. A few new vessels were built or purchased in Britain, notably the CSS Shenandoah and the CSS Alabama. These warships acted as raiders, wreaking havoc with commercial shipping. Aggrieved by these losses, in 1871 the U.S. government was awarded damages from Great Britain in the Alabama Claims.[6]

text:
John Mercer Brooke
Isaac Newton Brown
Franklin Buchanan
James Dunwoody Bulloch
Catesby ap Roger Jones
Matthew Fontaine Maury
Raphael Semmes
Josiah Tattnall
James Iredell Waddell


document_title: Port and starboard

question_text: which side of the ship is the starboard side

text: Port and starboard

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Port and starboard are nautical and aeronautical terms for left and right, respectively. Port is the left-hand side of a vessel or aircraft, facing forward. Starboard is the right-hand side, facing forward. Since port and starboard never change, they are unambiguous references that are not relative to the observer.[2][3]

text: The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord, meaning the side on which the ship is steered. Before ships had rudders on their centrelines, they were steered with a steering oar at the stern of the ship and, because more people are right-handed, on the right-hand side of it.[citation needed] The term is cognate with the Old Norse stýri (rudder) and borð (side of a ship).[citation needed] Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat, it would tie up at wharf on the other side. Hence the left side was called port.[citation needed]

text: Formerly, larboard was used instead of port. This is from Middle-English ladebord and the term lade is related to the modern load.[3] Larboard sounds similar to starboard and in 1844 the Royal Navy ordered that port be used instead.[4][non-primary source needed] The United States Navy followed suit in 1846.[5] Larboard continued to be used well into the 1850s by whalers.[citation needed] In Old English the word was bæcbord, of which cognates are used in other European languages, for example as the present Dutch bakboord, the German backbord and the French term bâbord (derived in turn from Middle Dutch).[citation needed]

text: The navigational treaty convention, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea—for instance, as appears in the Merchant Shipping (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations of 1996 (and comparable US documents from the US Coast Guard),[6]—sets forth the rights of way for maritime vessels, whether by sail or powered, and whether a vessel is overtaking, approaching head-on, or crossing.[6]:11-12 To set forth these navigational rules, the terms starboard and port are absolutely essential, and to aid in in situ decision-making, the two sides of each vessel are marked, dusk to dawn, by navigation lights, the vessel's starboard side by green and its port side by red.[6]:15 Aircraft are lit in the same way.