document_title: Bright Lights, Big City (film)

question_text: what depeche mode song was used in the 80's movie big lights big city

question_tokens: what depeche mode song was used in the 80 's movie big lights big city

text: Bright Lights, Big City (film)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The film follows one week in the life of 24-year-old Jamie Conway (Michael J. Fox). Originally from Pennsylvania, Jamie works as a fact-checker for a major New York magazine, but because he spends his nights partying with his glib best friend Tad (Kiefer Sutherland) and his frequent cocaine abuse which has led to him coming in late freqently and not finishing assignments on time, he's on the verge of getting fired by his stern boss, Clara Tillinghast (Frances Sternhagen). His wife Amanda, a fast-rising model (Phoebe Cates), just left him; he is still reeling from the death of his mother (Dianne Wiest) from cancer a year earlier; and he follows a tabloid story about a pregnant woman in a coma. The movie captures some of the glossy chaos and decadence of the New York nightlife during the 1980s, and also looks at a man desperately trying to escape the pain in his life.

text: After Jamie gets fired from his job, he goes on a further downward spiral with more cocaine and alcohol abuse. He attempts to go on a date with Tad's cousin Vicky (Tracy Pollan) as a favor. Jamie also avoids phone calls from his younger brother Michael (Charlie Schlatter) who has come to New York to look for him. Megan (Swoosie Kurtz) attempts to help him out with finding a new job as well as try to open up about his troubled life and the reason why Amanda left him. After a confrontation with Michael, and attending a party where Amanda is in attendance, Jamie finally decides to open up and come clean with himself before he ends up either dead or in jail. He phones Vicky and tells her that he and his brother Michael helped their dying mother commit suicide to end her suffering. Jamie refuses Tad's offer of more drugs and women to spend time with and leaves the party. Jamie wanders the streets until dawn when he decides that today will be a better day to get his life back on track.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michael J. Fox as Jamie Conway
Kiefer Sutherland as Tad Allagash
Phoebe Cates as Amanda Conway
Swoosie Kurtz as Megan
Frances Sternhagen as Clara Tillinghast
Tracy Pollan as Vicky Allagash
John Houseman as Mr. Vogel
Charlie Schlatter as Michael
David Warrilow as Rittenhouse
Dianne Wiest as Mrs. Conway
Alec Mapa as Yasu Wade
William Hickey as Ferret Man
Gina Belafonte as Kathy
Sam Robards as Rich Vanier
Kelly Lynch as Elaine
Jessica Lundy as Theresa
Annabelle Gurwitch as Barbara
Maria Pitillo as Pony Tail Girl
David Hyde Pierce as Bartender at Fashion Show
Peg Murray as Receptionist
Jason Robards as Mr. Hardy

text: Production and development[edit]

text: In 1984, Robert Lawrence, a vice president at Columbia Pictures, championed Jay McInerney's novel against resistance from older executives.[2] He felt that the book spoke to his generation and described it as "Graduate, with a little bit of Lost Weekend".[2] The studio agreed to make the film with Jerry Weintraub producing and Joel Schumacher directing. McInerney wrote a draft of the screenplay and, soon afterward, Schumacher started rewriting it.[2] Actor Emilio Estevez was interested in adapting it into a film.[3] He met with McInerney while he was still working on the screenplay. Tom Cruise was offered first refusal on the script while McInerney and Schumacher were attempting to capture the novel's distinctive voice. McInerney, Cruise and Schumacher scouted locations in New York City and checked out the atmosphere of the club scenes described in the novel.[2] At one point, Judd Nelson, Estevez, Zach Galligan, and Rob Lowe were all considered for the role of Allagash.[3]

text: In 1985, Weintraub took the property to United Artists when he became chief executive there.[2] The film needed a new producer so Sydney Pollack and Mark Rosenberg took over. They hired writer Julie Hickson to write a script. Cruise and Schumacher grew tired of waiting for a workable script, but before they could be replaced, Weintraub left United Artists.[2] The project became entangled in a complicated settlement with the studio, months being lost before it finally stayed at United Artists. A decision was made to shoot the film in Toronto and cast an unknown in the leading role.[2]

text: Joyce Chopra was hired to co-write the script, with her husband Tom Cole, and also direct it. She had her agent send a copy of McInerney's novel to Michael J. Fox.[2] The actor won the leading role and, at his request, the part of Tad Allagash went to Kiefer Sutherland.[4] Fox's casting increased the budget to $15 million and principal photography was moved to New York City.[4] The producers hired a crew, many of whom had worked with Pollack, while Chopra brought along the cinematographer from her first film, Smooth Talk, James Glennon.[2]

text: Fox had to be back in Los Angeles to start filming his TV series Family Ties by mid-July, giving Chopra only ten weeks to finish the film. It was rumored that she was indecisive, relying too much on consulting with Glennon and Cole, wasting time over a single shot.[2] It was also rumored that she panicked while shooting on the streets of New York as fans of Fox disrupted filming. Chopra has said, "I kept insisting that we take time each day to give the actors a chance to find their way, in spite of the panic caused all around us by the morning calls from United Artists asking if I had taken my first shot yet. Working collaboratively with my cameraman seemed to drive the producers into a sort of frenzy".

text: Studio executives did not like what Chopra was shooting and, a week into filming, the studio's chairman and its president of production flew from L.A. to New York to check on the film. Both executives had not read the script and were unaware of how different it was from the novel.[2]

text: McInerney has said that Cole wrote all the drugs out of the script while Cole said that he did this on instructions from Pollack, who was worried that the film would hurt Fox's wholesome image with audiences. Cole recalls, "There was definitely pressure and concern at that time about how Michael was seen by America."[2] The studio announced that "a more experienced director" was needed as a result of an impending strike by the Directors Guild of America. On the short list of possible replacements were Ulu Grosbard, Bruce Beresford, and James Bridges.[2] Bridges received a call on a Friday that the film was in trouble, read the novel that night, and flew to New York on Sunday. He saw Chopra's footage and agreed to direct if he could start from scratch and hire Gordon Willis as his cinematographer.[2]

text: Reflecting on her experience in a 2013 interview with Hidden Films, Chopra reiterated Cole's statements that her version reduced the drug-related content because of studio pressures. "The film was produced right at the time of Nancy Reagan’s ‘Just Say No’ [slogan] and I think the studios were scared shitless. I think the producers had a book they were sorry they were doing. Sydney said he didn’t like the book, he didn’t approve of it. So you get a mess, yeah.” She is still angered by statements made in The New York Times Magazine article. "What amazed me was, they were boasting that after I left, they were wearing a shirt with a shoe on it! They said that I spent a month doing nothing but filming Michael walking, which was so insane. I was flabbergasted that the producers would print a t-shirt to step on me. What kind of people are these?”

text: According to Chopra, these “shoe leather” scenes were shot in adherence to the studio’s schedule. “It was set up so that we would do all the exterior shots first. There was a concern about the trees. I don’t remember what season it was, but if there were shots of Michael going from A to B, you try to do all his scenes on days with a lot of daylight.

text: In seven days, Bridges wrote a new draft bringing back the darker elements of the novel such as the main character's heavy drinking and drug abuse and replaced six actors, casting instead Jason Robards, John Houseman, Swoosie Kurtz, Frances Sternhagen, and Tracy Pollan, while keeping Sutherland and Dianne Wiest.[2] The new cast members read the novel because there was no script at the time. Chopra had worked on the film for only a month, which Fox has described as "a rehearsal period, though it wasn't meant to be."[2] The strike forced the production to shoot in seven weeks and use McInerney's first draft, which Bridges liked the best.[4] Bridges worked on the script on weekends with McInerney, who was enlisted to help with revisions. The two agreed to share screenwriting credit but the Writers Guild of America decided to give it to McInerney only.[2]

text: The cocaine that Fox snorts in the film was a prop called milk sugar.[2] The filmmakers shot two different endings - one where Fox's character decides to start his life all over but is vague with what he specifically plans to do and an alternate one, to please the studio, where he has finished writing a novel to be called Bright Lights, Big City with a new girlfriend who is proud of what he has written.[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Bright Lights, Big City was released on April 1, 1988 in 1,196 theaters, and grossed USD $5.1 million during its opening weekend. The film went to make $16.1 million domestically, below its budget of $25 million.[5]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics and has a 61% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 18 reviews. In his review for Newsweek, David Ansen wrote, "Bright Lights isn't an embarrassment, like Less Than Zero; it's a smooth, professional job. But when it's over you may shrug your shoulders and ask, "Is that all?"[6] Janet Maslin, wrote in her review for the New York Times, "Mr. Bridges may not have breathed fire into this material, but he has preserved most of its better qualities. He has treated it with intelligence, respect and no undue reverence, assembling a coherent film that resists any hint of exploitation".[7] In his review for the Washington Post, Hal Hinson criticized Fox's performance, stating that he "was the wrong actor for the job. Fox, who in The Secret of My Succe$s showed a gift for light comedy, is too stylized a performer for the heavier stuff; he has no natural weight. In addition, Fox shows a reluctance to let the audience see him in an unflattering light".[8] However, Roger Ebert praised the actor's performance: "Fox is very good in the central role (he has a long drunken monologue that is the best thing he has ever done in a movie)".[9] Time magazine's Richard Schickel felt that the film, "arrives... looking like something that has been kicking around too long in the dead-letter office".[10]

text: Home video[edit]

text: A special edition DVD version of Bright Lights, Big City was released on September 2, 2008. In her review for The Washington Post, Jen Chaney wrote, "In the end, that's what is most disappointing about this DVD. What could have become a compelling look at a seminal novel of the 1980s and its rocky path through Hollywood ends up being a rudimentary release with a couple of decent commentary tracks and two forgettable featurettes".[11]

text: Remake[edit]

text: On July, 31, 2010 the story's author stated in an NPR All Things Considered interview that Gossip Girl co-creator Josh Schwartz would remake an updated version of the film.

text: Bright Lights, Big City: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [edit]

text:
Bright Lights, Big City: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
1988

Length
49:14

Label
Warner Bros.

Producer
Joel Sill (Compilation producer)

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
 [12]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"Good Love"
Prince
Prince
5:12

2.
"True Faith"
Gillian Gilbert, Stephen Hague, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris, Bernard Sumner
New Order
5:54

3.
"Divine Emotions"
Jeffrey Cohen, Narada Michael Walden
Narada
4:27

4.
"Kiss and Tell"
Bryan Ferry
Bryan Ferry
4:06

5.
"Pleasure, Little Treasure (Glitter Mix)"
Martin Gore
Depeche Mode
5:36

6.
"Century's End"
Donald Fagen, Timothy Meher
Donald Fagen
5:36

7.
"Obsessed"
Oliver Leiber
The Noise Club
5:40

8.
"Love Attack"
Shannon Dawson, G. 'Love' Jay
Konk
4:00

9.
"Ice Cream Days"
Jennifer Caron Hall, Alan Tarney
Jennifer Hall
4:38

10.
"Pump Up the Volume"
Martyn Young, Steve Young
MARRS
4:06

Total length:
49:14


document_title: Nathan Scott

question_text: who saved cooper and rachel at the river

root

text: Nathan Scott

text: Character development[edit]

text: Casting and creation[edit]

text: The writers originally wanted Chad Michael Murray to play Nathan but he chose to portray Lucas as his mother had abandoned him which helped him relate to the character. James Lafferty was subsequently cast, as he was a talented basketball player.[1]

tag: p

text: Evolution[edit]

text:
"It’s really great. One of my favorite things about coming back for the seventh season is seeing what Nathan’s life is like and what the Scott family’s life is like after Nathan has been in the NBA."

—Lafferty on Nathan's new career path.[2]

tag: table

text: In the beginning, the character of "Nathan" was described as "cocky and an academically-challenged high school junior". In an interview Lafferty mentioned his thoughts on Nathan and Haley's unlikely relationship, "I think, to start with, the likelihood of the situation, of Nathan and Haley coming together, was so small. In our first few episodes, the characters were worlds apart. It didn’t seem like it would be a good fit. But sort of against all odds, they continued to make it work over the years and they fought through adversity. I think they’ve become a couple that you don’t take for granted because they’ve been up against so much. So you root for them."[3] "Nathan and Haley's fan base is so strong, and there's a reason for that. That couple is gold as far as I'm concerned, and I've felt that way since the very beginning." said Mark Schwahn on the couple.[4] At the end of season three, James Lafferty has said he enjoys playing the rebellious Nathan, which he believes is due to his upbringing and having a father like Dan. He said it's a personality trait he can relate to from his own personality and it's fun to bring it through to Nathan.[5]

text: Lafferty has said it has been gratifying to play a good family man.[6] "There was definitely a time when Nathan was a villain on the show. I remember not really knowing what the future of the character was going to be, because it seems like on television shows in general, the villain doesn't usually stick around for that long. They're around for as long as it takes the hero to overcome him or defeat him. I was a little bit insecure about what my future on the show would be, but [series creator Mark] Schwahn sort of comforted me. I never could've imagined that it would come to this, that he would be so settled down, and sort of the one present character on the show that's been married for years and has these two children, and such a strong family unit. It's pretty cool to be able to see how far the character has come," said Lafferty regarding the development of Nathan. He also said that if the series wasn't picked up for a ninth season he was happy with how his character's story was wrapped up.[7] Lafferty opted out of returning for the ninth, and final, season as a full-time cast member.[8] Instead, he appeared in 7 out of the thirteen episodes picked up,[9] but continued as a series regular.[10] After some time of speculation, James Lafferty signed on for one extra episode, which was the series finale.[11]

text: Lafferty has revealed that his favorite episode was "4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days." He said, "When we came back four years later in the characters' lives and Nathan and Haley had Jamie, it was an exciting atmosphere not really knowing where my character would go. He was in such a dark place and not knowing how the family unit was going to stay together, and then also being able to work with Jackson for the first time — I’ll always have fond memories of that."[12]

text: Character arc[edit]

text: This section's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Season 1[edit]

text: In season one, Nathan was introduced as the selfish, jock basketball player for the Tree Hill Ravens. He dated Peyton Sawyer for a significant amount of time, though their relationship is complicated. After his half-brother, Lucas Scott, joins the school basketball team, Nathan feels threatened and goes out of his way to often tease and ridicule him, most often by pointing out how Dan favored him instead of Lucas. Nathan deals with constant pressure to be the best from his father, Dan Scott, who is determined to further Nathan's career. His mother, Deb, was never around in the beginning but tried her best to be there for him when she realized how much pressure he received off Dan. Peyton breaks up with Nathan after she sees the kind of person he is.

text: Nathan begin receiving tutoring lessons from Lucas' best friend Haley James as a way to make Lucas mad. However, he later falls in love with her, when she forgave him after he took drugs to help his game. Throughout the season, Nathan and Haley's relationship blossoms into love and in the season finale they get married and his relationship with Lucas slowly begins to thaw.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: Nathan and Haley learn that Dan has had a heart attack. At the hospital, they tell Deb of their marriage but she is, not surprisingly, angry and refuses to accept it, nor does Dan when he wakes up. Lucas and Keith return to Tree Hill and Lucas, Peyton and Brooke throw Nathan and Haley a wedding reception while Keith, filling in for Dan at the dealership, takes Nathan on as a mechanic. Haley starts to blossom as a musician but Nathan is jealous of her closeness to fellow musician Chris Keller and warns Chris to stay away from Haley. When Haley's older sister Taylor James comes to Tree Hill, Nathan realizes that Taylor is the girl to whom he lost his virginity several years ago before he had even known Haley. He and Haley fall out about this but later make up.

text: When Haley mentions that Chris wants her to accompany him on tour, Nathan asks her if she kissed him and she finally admits it. Nathan tells his wife to choose between him and the tour. Haley chooses the tour and leaves Tree Hill. Nathan is devastated and goes on a downward spiral, drinking in class, punching his father and letting Lucas take the fall for his drunk-driving. Nathan finally gets his act together and goes to visit Haley in an attempt to get her to come home but this doesn't work out and he comes back to Tree Hill alone. When Nathan's uncle Cooper (Deb's brother and Nathan's role model) pays a visit to Tree Hill, he takes Nathan and Lucas to a racing track but tragedy strikes when Nathan attempts suicide by deliberately crashing the car. He ends up in hospital where he has a dream of what life would have been like if Dan had married Karen instead of Deb and Nathan and Lucas had grown up in each other's shoes. This dream makes Nathan realize how much he loves his mother. They agree to be strong for each other and Deb goes to rehab to overcome her pill addiction.

text: Nathan decides to move home and Dan pays his medical bills in exchange for Nathan getting an annulment from Haley. Whitey offers Nathan the opportunity to go to "High Flyers", a prestigious basketball camp, for the summer but Dan tries to talk Nathan out of it, blaming him for Deb's addiction. When Deb learns of this, she and Nathan agree to leave Dan and make a fresh start. Nathan is annoyed that Lucas has been investigating Dan even though Nathan asked him not to. Nathan disowns his brother and moves back home with Deb. In the last episode(s), someone drugs Dan and sets fire to the dealership.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Nathan goes to the door and there stands Haley. She returns to Tree Hill for good, but Nathan has not yet forgiven her or Lucas. Nathan learns that Haley is suffering musicians' block and pays Chris to come back to Tree Hill and help Haley with her music. Nathan and Haley grow close again and eventually have make-up sex and get back together. Dan is crowned Mayor of Tree Hill and Deb tells Nathan that she started the dealership fire in an attempt to kill Dan; Nathan is angry with his mother and sends her away for a while to get her life in order. After some inspirational words from Lucas, they gradually begin speaking again, before making up properly. When Jimmy Edwards brings a gun to school, Nathan races inside to find Haley. They are held hostage in the Tutor Center and the deaths of Edwards and Keith leave Nathan and Haley realizing that life is too short. They move back in together and Nathan asks Haley to 'marry' him again, to renew their vows.

text: While planning their (second) wedding, they receive a visit from Nathan's uncle from his mom's side, Cooper, but are dubious about his relationship with the younger Rachel. Deb returns and she and Nathan take out a restraining order against Dan, which Nathan initiating, while Nathan beats old "High Flyers" rival Damien West in an all-important game. On the morning of his wedding, Nathan is traumatized following a nightmare where Haley was drowning and he couldn't save her. He gets Lucas to keep a close eye on Haley but all goes well and they renew their vows, though Rachel causes a scene at the reception over Cooper sleeping with her despite her age. Nathan and Haley head to London for their honeymoon and Haley has something to tell Nathan but before he gets to hear it, they have a near-collision with Cooper and Rachel (in the wedding limo) on the Mollina Bridge. Nathan dives into the water to rescue his uncle but becomes trapped and is left gasping for air and fighting for his life.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: Nathan wakes up in the hospital and is hailed as a hero for saving Rachel and Cooper. However, Nathan does not believe that he did save them - he thinks Keith did as he believes he saw Keith in the water. Rachel develops a crush on Nathan for him looking like Cooper and sets out to seduce him, using his confusion over Keith to her advantage. What Haley had wanted to tell Nathan while they were driving to the airport on their (second) wedding day, was that she was pregnant. Finally, she tells Nathan on the same day that he gets a scholarship to Duke University. He is initially annoyed that she kept it from him, but is later delighted and tells Rachel that she never had a chance with him. Nathan and Haley face even more money difficulties now that they have a baby on the way and when Dan refuses to help, Nathan turns to a loan shark, Daunte Jones. He provides Nathan with money in exchange for Nathan losing the State Championship. He plays badly, causing his team to trail behind drastically in points. Haley talks with him and reveals the sex of their baby by saying "...as long as you're a good husband and father.... to your son. It's a boy, Nathan, you're gonna have a son!" Nathan decides to play his best for his son, and the Ravens win the championship with Lucas scoring the winning shot.

text: Afterwards, Daunte, angry about Nathan's failure by not losing, tries to run him over with his car. Haley pushes him out of the way and is struck herself. Furious, Nathan beats Daunte with his fists. Dan stops him and covers for his son by pounding the ground, which breaks his hand. He is arrested for the beating of Daunte, who dies. (It's later revealed at the autopsy, that the crash is what killed Daunte, not Nathan's beating.) Meanwhile, as the paramedics are working on Haley, Lucas falls unconscious after a heart attack. They are both rushed to the hospital. In the next episode, Haley wakes up and an ultrasound is done to check the baby. They hear the heartbeat, proving that the baby is indeed fine. After Deb attempts suicide by taking an overdose, Nathan is racked with guilt. He and Haley decide to help Deb by moving out of their apartment and into the Scott mansion.

text: A party is thrown on the night before prom. A tape of Nathan's basketball glories is played, but Nathan is horrified when it also reveals footage of him having sex with Brooke Davis at a time when he and Peyton had just broken up. Haley asks Nathan to make a list of his conquests and Nathan tells Haley that she is the only one he loved. Haley forgives Nathan and they kiss and then go to the prom together. After Mouth sends a text saying he needs help, the gang goes to Honey Grove, Texas, where Nathan and Haley have their dream prom. When they get back home, Nathan tells Lucas that an investigator has been calling him about point shaving and they are looking at Lucas. Lucas decides to take the fall after Haley asks him to. When Nathan finds out, he decides to come forward because he doesn't want to end up like Dan, putting his future in front of everybody else. He holds a press conference about the point shaving, which causes him to lose his scholarship. Nathan soon finds out from Deb that Dan killed Keith. When he confronts Dan about it, Dan doesn't deny it and Nathan, in anger, disowns him and says he died the day Keith died. Whitey decides to help Nathan achieve his college basketball dreams. Whitey accepts a coaching position with a nearby college and asks Nathan to be his star recruit. During graduation, Haley goes into labor in the middle of her valedictorian speech. In the season finale, Haley gives birth to their son, James Lucas Scott, on June 13, 2007 (their graduation day).

text: At their graduation party, Haley tells Brooke that she was chosen to be the godmother, which she happily accepts. Later on the roof, Lucas and Nathan exchange pictures of their new family members and consider confronting Dan in jail, but agree that they will never do so. Lucas reveals that he will be Whitey's assistant coach. After the party, everyone heads to the River Court where Lucas and Nathan prepare for a one on one game. The season ends with Nathan jumping to shoot a basket and Lucas trying to block it. It's unknown if he made that shot or who won. The game was a tribute to the first one-on-one game between the two Scott brothers, which led to Lucas joining the Ravens and the start of everything.

text: Missing years[edit]

text: In his first year of college, Nathan won his first National Championship, coached by Lucas and Whitey, trying to make people forget he had shaved points back in the days. He almost got into a fight with rival fans after it, but Lucas held him back and Whitey advised him to control his temper or he would end up like Dan.[14] Eventually Nathan Scott played for the University of Maryland Terrapins men's basketball team, where, as a First Team All-American, he led the team to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship. Three years later Nathan was all set to be the tenth pick in the NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. One night he went to a party at a bar with Lucas and Haley to celebrate his new shoe deal, shoes called "the NS 23's". When Haley left to watch their son Jamie, fans of Portland, a rival NBA team, pretended they wanted an autograph from Nathan, only to mock him. When things escalated, he almost walked away thanks to Lucas, but the rival fans made a nasty comment about Haley, and he defended his wife and a fight ensued. Thrown through a plate glass window, he screamed he couldn't feel his legs and consequently his NBA career was over before it started.[15]

text: Season 5[edit]

text: After his accident that left him paralyzed, Nathan has become an angered alcoholic. He's grown his hair long and has a scruffy beard. He gets into an argument with Haley, saying that he lost everything and has nothing. Haley angrily tells him that he still has her and Jamie, but if he keeps this up, he will definitely have nothing because Haley says that she can't keep living like this.[15] When he realizes that he failed Jamie by not being there for his soap box derby, Nathan decides to get his life back to what it used to be. He also teaches Jamie how to not be afraid.[16] He then pays a visit to Dan to tell him he is over with him for good. To prove that he is going to get his family back, he cooks Haley dinner, and shaves. Haley, happy to see her husband back, tells him that she missed him and they all sit down to eat. Nathan also starts playing basketball with Jamie.[17]

text: Nathan decides to assist talented yet troublesome Tree Hill High School student Quentin Fields as he reminds him of his former self. He even confronts him, telling how much he regrets his own mistakes, actually convincing him to go back to school.[18] His temper gets the best of him again when Jason, a musician in a band touches Haley's behind. Quentin comes to her aid, punching Jason, which also damages his hand, putting him out of basketball for some time. Haley, however, is disappointed about Nathan's temper.[19]

text: After he has been hit on several times by Jamie's nanny, Carrie, Haley walks in on them in the shower. He tells her that Carrie snuck into the shower without his knowledge, which is the truth. But Carrie insists that she and Nathan are in love, angering Haley, which gets them both kicked out. Some time later, Nathan has an argument with Haley. During this time, Jamie falls into the pool, nearly drowning. Nathan and Haley soon look out the window to see him lying face down in the pool. Rushing to his aid, Nathan jumps in and pulls Jamie out. As Haley is sitting on the ground with Jamie in her arms, she angrily tells him that she wants a divorce.;[20] Later at Lucas and Lindsey's bachelor(ette) party she realizes she can't change him, leaving him distraught on the spot.[21] When Jamie is kidnapped on Lucas' wedding day, Haley and Nathan turn to each other for comfort; they believe that it was Dan who took him and aren't aware that it was actually Carrie. They fear that they will never see Jamie again. However, Jamie returns home, and Jamie tells his parents that it was Dan who brought him home.[22] Nathan and Lucas attack Dan outside after he walks in with Jamie.

text: After they reconnect, Nathan and Haley start marriage counseling. In counseling, Nathan admits that he wants Haley to look at him the way she used to. He realizes all his mistakes and tell Haley he loves her, and they make up.[23] After Jamie's birthday party, he learns Dan is dying,[24] but tells him he is done with him, proving that he really doesn't care if Dan dies, but is sorry that he is.[25] He then begins working on his come-back, although he refuses to have it called so.[26]

text: Season 6[edit]

text: With Quentin's help, Nathan quickly gets back into shape with his basketball technique. Quentin has also befriended Jamie, who looks up to him. Unfortunately, Quentin is fatally shot while interrupting a store robbery.[27] Nathan and Haley tell Jamie together and they also decide to take him to the funeral because Jamie wants to say goodbye.[28] During this time, Nathan finds out that Deb and Skills are in a relationship, which disgusts him. The revelation strains his friendship with Skills but after a talk with Jamie, he comes to terms with their relationship. To ease it, Skills decides to help Nathan with his comeback. Nathan soon gets a call from the general manager of an NBA D-League basketball team in Fort Wayne (the Fort Wayne Mad Ants), who says that they are interested in recruiting him. Once Nathan gets there, he is disappointed to hear they want him as a coach, not as a player. Nathan turns down the position but is soon asked to play Slamball by Owen (Brooke Davis' ex).

text: After some hesitation, Nathan starts to play Slamball. Haley is afraid he'll hurt his back. Her worry intensifies when she sees some severe bruises on his back. Then, after a game, an old rival charges at Nathan and pushes him through a glass window in front of his wife and son. Scared that his father almost ended up badly injured, Jamie makes him promise that he will stop playing Slamball. On the night of the USO concert, Nathan is at his home talking with the spirit of "Q" as he watches the Slamball championships on television. Q asks if he really gave it up for Jamie or because he stopped believing in himself. After Q's pep talk, Nathan asks Haley to promise him that they won't be afraid of chasing their dreams.

text: Nathan attends a trial for D-League basketball and after initially getting turned away for not belonging to a team, he is called back by the general manager who had earlier offered him the coaching position. After a successful trial, Nathan is selected to play for the Charleston Chiefs. Teammate Devon Fox threatens Nathan, and says he's not going to be taking his spot. After struggling during the training session, Nathan returns to his locker to see his photos of Haley and Jamie ripped up, as well as one of him and Quentin. Angered and spurred on, Nathan threatens Devon, saying that he's going to take his spot and Devon can have it back after Nathan is called up to the NBA. Later in the season, when Devon ruins five straight games for the Chiefs, the coach benches him. Nathan is put in and makes an assist that leads to the winning shot. Devon is later cut from the team and his starting position is given to Nathan, whose back up is Neno, who taunted Nathan at the tryouts. Nathan and Neno prove to be the team's two best players, but they play the same position, so they can't both start. The coach has Nathan teach Neno how to play shooting guard. An NBA scout from the Los Angeles Clippers comes to see the two of them play, but Nathan is worried that he won't play his best in front of the scout, so he opts to drive the ball in for Neno to score. Neno is later called up by the Clippers, leaving Nathan still in the D-League. In the season 6 finale, Nathan gets called up to the Charlotte Bobcats and starts in his first game up.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: Nathan has been playing for the Charlotte Bobcats since the finale of season 6, but his contract is up and his friend and agent, Clay, puts Nathan's career in jeopardy by being too greedy during the negotiations. Nathan, Haley, and Jamie celebrate Jamie's 7th birthday, and a woman named Renee asks to take a picture with Nathan. Later, the woman tells Clay that she slept with Nathan. After doubting Nathan and offering to pay Renee off, Haley decides to support him and not pay her anything. Dan and Rachel convince Renee to come onto Dan's talk show to tell her side of the story. In a surprising turn of events, Dan submits Renee to a lie detector test, and all of the answers she gives come across as being true. He goads her into revealing that she had sex the night of the party and got pregnant, but not by Nathan.[29] Before Dan leaves Tree Hill for good, Nathan brings Jamie to say goodbye and thanks his dad for helping him get to the NBA.[30]

text: Later in the season, Nathan helps Haley and James come to terms with Haley's mother's death. Nathan also spends a day bonding with Jamie, who asks Nathan about his relationship with Lucas. Nathan replies that although they were not close when they were younger, they became more like real brothers as they got older. In addition, he finds out Jamie would like a brother or sister. Haley then confesses to Nathan that she took a pregnancy test that morning, but it turned out negative. Still distraught over her mother's death, Haley jumps into the swimming pool hoping to feel emotion again. Nathan gets to her just in time and pulls her out of the pool after she has flashbacks about her life with Nathan. On a trip to Utah, Haley begins to get through her depression and is overjoyed when she finds out she's pregnant. Haley tells Nathan she thinks the baby is a girl.[31]

text: Season 8[edit]

text: In Season 8, Nathan desperately tries to help a wounded Clay by donating his kidney, even if it means he will never play basketball again. He soon finds out he isn't a match. After Clay wakes up, Nathan tells Haley he has back pains and decides to quit basketball and become an agent. He soon becomes an agent and signs his first client. Nathan goes back to college, and isn't well-liked by his college professor, Dr. August Kellerman. He then starts to gain respect and gets the hang of college, with the help of Jamie. He then wants to sign Kellerman's son Ian, who is a baseball player. He is really good, but he is the life of the party.

text: Nathan wanted Ian to sign with him, but Dr. Kellerman told him not to. He goes to Ian's house with Clay and engages in a game of beer pong with him. After the game, Ian signs the contract and Nathan asked to go to the bathroom. Nathan goes to find it and finds the garage instead. Going inside, he finds a vintage Jeep Grand Wagoneer with front-end damage. He approaches it and finds an empty bottle of whiskey on the floor in front of the driver's seat. He realizes that is the car that hit Brooke and Jamie, knocking them off the bridge, almost killing them. He confronts Professor Kellerman, who at first denies involvement, but then admits responsibility a short time later in a separate meeting.

text: Afterwards, Clay, Nathan, and Ian gather at a local bar, where Ian buys shots for everyone. When Nathan asks what they're drinking, Ian tells him the brand name of the whiskey, which Nathan finds to be consistent with the brand on the bottle found in the Jeep, and concludes that his professor was lying about his involvement in the crash to cover up for his son. Nathan also becomes a father once again when Haley has Lydia Bob Scott.

text: Season 9[edit]

text: In Season 9, after returning home from traveling for Clay's company to scout for sport players, Nathan returns home to find that Dan is living under his roof and learns that Haley let him move in after his diner burned down. Nathan understands Haley's reasons for letting Dan move in because he says she has "a good heart" and that is just the kind of person she is. Nathan volunteers to scout in Europe, since Clay can't go after learning he is sick and is sleepwalking to the point of waking up in various parts of Tree Hill. However, before he leaves, Nathan tells Dan he wants him out of his house by the time he returns home in a week.

text: While in Europe, Nathan goes off route after seeing the European players aren't as good as he thought they were and goes to a darker part of Europe to sign a player only to fail in the end of signing the player. Nathan chats with Haley and Lydia via webcam before leaving Europe, showing them both a pink moose he bought to bring back home for Lydia as a gift. Upon returning to Tree Hill, Nathan is kidnapped outside Tree Hill Airport and he struggles to break free he drops the pink moose outside the airport. After learning why he was kidnapped, his failure signing in Europe, Nathan argues with his kidnapper Dimitri to let him go. Dimitri tells Nathan when the phone rings, he will die. Nathan yells at Dimitri when the phone rings and tells him not to be his "boss's bitch." He begs Dimitri to let him pay him money to let him go, but Dimitri finds a better way to make money off Nathan's ransom. He contacts people who will pay to want Nathan dead back over in Europe. Dimitri soon brings up Haley referring to her as a "whore," and talks about her causing Nathan to threaten to kill him if he hurts her.

text: Nathan makes an escape attempt after fooling Dimitri and choking him knocking him unconscious. Nathan is almost caught by the drug dealer that Dan and Clay confronted, Billy. As Nathan tries to find an exit and escape, he encounters Officer Stevens (the officer that is working on his missing case) in the building. Nathan takes the gun the officer gives him and Officer Stevens tells Nathan to go out the exit in a room and find his squad car and quickly leave saying that he'll catch up. Nathan follows the officer's instructions and comes face to face with Dimitri. Nathan tries to fire the gun only to find it empty causing him to realize everything is actually a trap. The officer then jumps behind him and strikes Nathan against his head with a pipe knocking him unconscious. Nathan regains consciousness as Officer Stevens is tying him back up to the chair, he asks the officer "Why? A cop." Officer Stevens tells him he's only a "desk cop" and he's behind this as well because the Tree Hill Police Department wouldn't make him a detective. He punches Nathan in the abdomen and tells Nathan that "this pays much better" and that he will indeed die. Nathan looks at Officer Stevens and Dimitri, fear filling his eyes as he realizes that he just may never escape and that he may actually in fact die. Nathan's mouth is then taped up and Officer Steven's tells Nathan in his ear, "Your wife says hi," before he covers Nathan's head with a black cover.

text: Dan later comes to Nathan's rescue, with the help of Julian and Chris Keller. Dan manages to make his way to Nathan by killing most of Dimitri's men. As they are about to leave, Dimitri catches up to them and fires a shot at Nathan, but not before Dan can jump between them and take the bullet intended for his son. Dan secretly gives Nathan his gun, which Nathan then uses to shoot and kill a distracted Dimitri. Officer Stevens comes to the scene, holding Nathan at gunpoint, but is knocked out cold by Julian. The series finale shows Nathan and Haley continuing to lead happy lives after Nathan's kidnapping and also shows a final rain kiss between the two of them.

text: In a flashforward, Nathan and Haley are still happily married and Haley still owns Karen's Cafe. The show ends with Nathan, Haley and Lydia watching Jamie's high school basketball game where it is revealed that Jamie beat Nathan's scoring record. The show has come full circle with Nathan watching Jamie compete in a basketball game, the way Dan used to watch Nathan. However, throughout the series, we know that Nathan will never put the pressure on Jamie that Dan did on him and Nathan is the kind of man who learned from his mistakes and who is a decent man and therefore he has the life that Dan Scott wanted (loving wife and kids) but his mistakes made him fall short of.

text: Reception[edit]

text: BuddyTV ranked him #12 in its list of the "15 TV's Hottest Dads" but was described as not the best father for initially ignoring his family after his accident, though he does redeem himself afterwards.[32]


document_title: New Jersey Generals

question_text: who owned the new jersey generals of the usfl during their final two seasons

text: New Jersey Generals

text: Uniforms[edit]

text: Team colors were scarlet, white, royal blue and sunflower gold. The primary logo was a gold five-star general wreath. Team helmets were solid scarlet with the logo decal on each side and a white face-mask. Home uniforms featured red jerseys with white numbers trimmed in royal blue, with numbers on the sleeves and no striping; pants were white with a single wide red stripe trimmed in blue down the sides from hip to knee. Road jerseys were white with red numbers trimmed in blue.[1] The team was the second in the New York metropolitan area to be known as "Generals," since there was a professional soccer team in the late 1960s known as the New York Generals.

text: History[edit]

text: The franchise was originally owned by Oklahoma oil magnate J. Walter Duncan, who took on former New England Patriots coach Chuck Fairbanks as a minority partner. Fairbanks also served as general manager and head coach.

text: The team made a big splash by signing Heisman Trophy-winning underclassman Herschel Walker, a running back from the University of Georgia. While the USFL had followed the NFL's lead in banning underclassmen from playing, league officials were certain that this rule would never withstand a court challenge. In an even more ominous development, Walker did not sign a standard player contract. Rather, he agreed to a three-year personal-services contract with Duncan. The contract was valued at $4.2 million—more than double the USFL's salary cap of $1.8 million. Nonetheless, the other owners knew having the incumbent Heisman winner in their fold would lend the USFL instant credibility, and allowed the contract to stand. Eventually, nearly all of the other teams jettisoned league founder David Dixon's original blueprint and began signing star players to expensive contracts—a step which ultimately proved to be the league's undoing.[dubious – discuss]

text: Despite the signing of Walker, who rushed for 1,812 yards and 17 touchdowns, the Generals finished their inaugural season with a 6–12 record. This was largely due to a porous defense which gave up the third-most points in the league (437).

text: At 66 years old, Duncan soon tired of flying 2,000 miles from Oklahoma to New York to see his team play.[citation needed] After the 1983 season, he and Fairbanks sold their interest to real estate mogul Donald Trump. Trump tried to lure legendary coach Don Shula from the Miami Dolphins. It was said[according to whom?] that Shula asked for a condominium in Trump Tower as part of his deal and Trump balked at the prospect.[citation needed] Once Shula declined, the Generals hired former New York Jets head coach Walt Michaels. The Generals responded to their poor 1983 showing with an influx of veteran NFL talent for 1984, including wide receiver Tom McConnaughey, quarterback Brian Sipe, defensive back Gary Barbaro, and linebackers Jim LeClair and Bobby Leopold. Both Walker and fullback Maurice Carthon rushed for over 1,000 yards (Walker 1,339; Carthon 1,042) as the Generals went 14–4, defeating the eventual champion Philadelphia Stars twice for that franchise's only two losses of the season. The Stars defeated the Generals 28–7 in a first round playoff game.

text: The 1985 season saw the heralded signing of Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Doug Flutie of Boston College. Despite Flutie's inexperience, the Generals traded Sipe to the Jacksonville Bulls to ensure Flutie would start.[citation needed] Flutie struggled at times but played well overall until he suffered a broken collarbone against the Memphis Showboats in the season's 15th game and did not play again. The 1985 Generals finished 11–7 behind Walker's pro-football record 2,411 rushing yards but lost again to the Stars (transplanted to Baltimore) in the first round of the playoffs, 20–17.

text: The USFL planned to play its 1986 schedule in the fall, directly opposite the NFL, thanks mostly to Trump's strong advocacy of direct competition with the older, established league. Two years earlier, Trump sold most of his fellow owners on a move to the fall by arguing that it would eventually force a merger with the NFL—in which the owners of any USFL teams included in a merger would see their investment more than double.

text: The Generals merged with the Houston Gamblers during the extended offseason, adding such stars as quarterback Jim Kelly and wide receiver Ricky Sanders. Michaels was fired, replaced with former Gamblers coach Jack Pardee, who planned to bring the Gamblers' high-powered run and shoot offense with him. However, the USFL's "Dream Team" never took the field. The 1986 season was cancelled after the USFL won a minimal verdict in an antitrust lawsuit against the NFL; the league folded soon afterward.

text: Numerous Generals players, including Flutie, Walker and center Kent Hull went on to productive NFL careers. Flutie also starred in the Canadian Football League; Hull (with Gambler quarterback Kelly) played in four Super Bowls with the Buffalo Bills, and Flutie is the last quarterback to have led the Bills to the NFL playoffs.

text: Single-season leaders[edit]

text:
Rushing yards: 2411 Herschel Walker (1985) (USFL record)
Receiving yards: 715 Sam Bowers (1983)
Passing yards: 2540 Brian Sipe (1984)
Sacks: 13 James Lockette (1985)

tag: ul

text: Season-by-season[edit]

text:
Season
W
L
T
Finish
Playoff results

1983
6
12
0
3rd Atlantic
--

1984
14
4
0
2nd EC Atlantic
Lost Quarterfinal (Philadelphia)

1985
11
7
0
2nd EC
Lost Quarterfinal (Baltimore)

Totals
31
25
0
(including playoffs)

text: A-11 Football League[edit]

text: A new team using the New Jersey Generals' name, logo and colors was scheduled to be begin play in 2014 with the proposed A-11 Football League. The league was disbanded before any games were played.


document_title: Dynasty (2017 TV series)

question_text: when is a new episode of dynasty coming out

text: Dynasty (2017 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Dynasty begins with heiress Fallon Carrington unhappy to find her billionaire father Blake engaged to Cristal, a rival employee at the family company. When Fallon's machinations to separate the couple backfire and cost her a promotion, she allies with Blake's nemesis and former employee, Jeff Colby, and strikes out on her own. Meanwhile, the arrival of Cristal's opportunistic nephew Sam—who becomes romantically involved with Fallon's wayward brother Steven—threatens to expose her shady past.[1][2] The Carringtons form a united front in the wake of the suspicious death of Cristal's former lover, but things at the mansion do not remain harmonious for long.

text: The reboot updates several elements from the 1980s original, including moving the setting from Denver, Colorado to Atlanta, Georgia; making Steven's homosexuality a nonissue to Blake; and changing gold digger Sammy Jo from a woman to a gay man.[1][3][4] Additionally, in the new series, both Blake's fiancée later wife and her nephew are Hispanic, and both chauffeur Michael Culhane and the Colby family are African-American.[1][4]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon Carrington, energy executive and heiress to an Atlanta energy fortune
Nathalie Kelley as Cristal Flores Carrington, Fallon's new stepmother, a woman with a shady past
James Mackay as Steven Carrington, Fallon's gay environmentalist brother, who is the older and more levelheaded of the two
Robert Christopher Riley as Michael Culhane, the Carrington chauffeur and Fallon's former lover
Sam Adegoke as Jeff Colby, a young business rival to Blake
Rafael de la Fuente as Samuel Josiah "Sammy Jo" Jones, Cristal's wayward nephew and Steven's fiancé
Alan Dale as Joseph Anders, the Carrington majordomo
Grant Show as Blake Carrington, billionaire CEO of Carrington Atlantic, married to Cristal, and the father of Fallon and Steven by his first wife

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Nick Wechsler as Matthew Blaisdel, Cristal's former lover, a field engineer who dies in a suspicious explosion
Brianna Brown as Claudia Blaisdel, Matthew's wife, a former engineer
Wakeema Hollis as Monica Colby, Jeff's sister
Dave Maldonado as Willy Santiago, Matthew's friend and coworker at Carrington Atlantic
Michael Beach as Police Chief Aaron Stansfield, a longtime friend of Blake's
Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother
KJ Smith as Kori Rucks, Michael's ex-girlfriend
Michael Patrick Lane as Ted Dinard, Steven's ex-boyfriend
Arnetia Walker as Louella Culhane, Michael's mother
Darryl Booker as James Culhane, Michael's father
Luis Fernández as Alejandro Silva, Sam's father who is operating under the alias of Diego Calastana
Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's father and Fallon and Steven's grandfather
Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father
J. R. Cacia as Rick Morales, a journalist and old friend of Cristal's
Kelly Rutherford as Melissa Daniels, wife of Senator Paul Daniels, and Steven's former lover
Elizabeth Youman as Evie Culhane, Michael's sister.
Adam Huber as Liam Ridley, Fallon's husband
Nicollette Sheridan as Alexis Carrington, Blake's ex-wife, and the estranged mother of Fallon and Steven

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Nana Visitor as Diana Davis, editor-in-chief of Atlanta Digest
Kearran Giovanni as Police Chief Bobbi Johnson
Rick Hearst as Senator Paul Daniels, a longtime contact of Blake's
Steven Culp as Tim Meyers, a business associate of Jeff and Fallon

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"I Hardly Recognized You"
Brad Silberling
Sallie Patrick, Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
1.26[5]

2
2
"Spit It Out"
Michael A. Allowitz
Sallie Patrick
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
0.92[6]

3
3
"Guilt is for Insecure People"
Kellie Cyrus
Ali Adler
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
0.72[7]

4
4
"Private as a Circus"
Kevin Sullivan
Jenna Richman
November 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)
0.74[8]

5
5
"Company Slut"
Cherie Nowlan
Christopher Fife
November 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)
0.72[9]

6
6
"I Exist Only for Me"
Lee Rose
Kevin Garnett
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
0.64[10]

7
7
"A Taste of Your Own Medicine"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jay Gibson
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
0.64[11]

8
8
"The Best Things in Life"
Pascal Verschooris
Francisca X. Hu
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
0.64[12]

9
9
"Rotten Things"
Brad Silberling
Paula Sabbaga
December 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)
0.69[13]

10
10
"A Well-Dressed Tarantula"
Kenny Leon
Adele Lim
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
0.63[14]

11
11
"I Answer to No Man"
Steven A. Adelson
Gladys Rodriguez
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)
0.56[15]

12
12
"Promises You Can't Keep"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jenna Richman
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)
0.65[16]

13
13
"Nothing But Trouble"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jenna Richman
February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07)
0.65[17]

14
14
"The Gospel According to Blake Carrington"
Dawn Wilkinson
Francisca X. Hu & Paula Sabbaga
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
0.64[18]

15
15
"Our Turn Now"
Matt Earl Beesley
Libby Wells
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16)
0.60[19]

16
16
"Poor Little Rich Girl"
Kenny Leon
Jenna Richman & Ali Adler
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)
0.63[20]

17
17
"Enter Alexis"
Jeffrey W. Byrd
Sallie Patrick & Christopher Fife
March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
0.69[21]

18
18
"Don't Con a Con Artist"
Carl Seaton
Kevin A. Garnett & Paula Sabbaga
April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06)
0.71[22]

19
19
"Use or Be Used"[23]
Viet Nguyen
Jake Coburn & Jay Gibson
April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
TBD

20
20
"A Line from the Past"[24]
Pascal Verschooris
Jenna Richman & Francisca X. Hu
April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27)
TBD

21
21
"Trashy Little Tramp"[25]
Brandi Bradburn
Christopher Fife & Kevin A. Garnett
May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
TBD

22
22
[26]
Michael A. Allowitz
Sallie Patrick & Libby Wells
May 11, 2018 (2018-05-11)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In September 2016, it was announced that a reboot of the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty was in development at The CW, co-written by Josh Schwartz, Stephanie Savage, and Sallie Patrick.[27][28] Savage said, "All of us have worked on shows that owe a huge debt to Dynasty, so it's kind of in our writing DNA to do this show."[3] The trio discussed what they found unique and attractive about the original series, and how best to preserve those elements in an update.[3] They also met with Richard and Esther Shapiro, the creators of Dynasty,[3] who were ultimately attached as producers.[27][28] Schwartz said, "We are definitely living in an age of dynasties. Whether it's the Trumps or the Clintons or the Kardashians or the Murdochs, our news is filled with the worlds of family dynasties and that was exciting for us."[29] Savage added, "When we first sat down with the Shapiros to talk about rebooting the show, they talked a lot about family. No matter the villainous things that they did, they never stopped loving each other. I think we took that core concept and then just talked about how to place the idea in the historical context of our day."[29] Patrick noted that the 1980s series was progressive for its time, dealing with issues like race, women in the workplace, and gay acceptance.[30] She said, "We're trying to figure out how do we respect what that show was doing then and pushing it even farther in our version."[30] De la Fuente said, "We're trying to make it stand on its own and be its own thing. But we have to pay homage to the original and the classic stuff that people remember from Dynasty, like the fashion, the catfights and the opulence of it all, is of course in our show. It wouldn't be Dynasty otherwise."[31]

text: The new series finds heiress Fallon Carrington facing off against her soon-to-be stepmother Cristal, a Hispanic woman.[27][28] Patrick said, "It was important to me as a working woman to have two women fighting over the future of the dynasty."[30] Schwartz said of the rival characters:

text: Even when you watch the original, Fallon is a character who feels as if she can exist in 2017. She just pops off the screen, and she can take on Krystle, who, in the original, was pure and the moral center of the show. With this new Cristal, we liked the idea of not letting her be quite as pure and raising some questions about her past and having her stir the pot—making her more formidable. That really let us lean into this rivalry between Fallon and Cristal.[3]

text: Patrick said, "We knew in our version—2017—we wanted Steven's conflict with Blake to be not about him being gay, but about him being liberal."[3] Savage noted, "With Steven Carrington out and proud, it makes sense for Sammy Jo to be a man."[4] Patrick said in August 2017 that Blake's first wife Alexis would be introduced during the first season, but that the role had yet to be cast.[29] She noted, "We knew Alexis was coming before we even started shooting the pilot, which allowed us to pave the way for her ... throughout the season, we hear Blake, Steven, and Fallon's memories about the woman who abandoned their family. So by the time she actually enters the series, we've established expectations about her character—which Alexis will happily break."[32] The role was cast with Nicollette Sheridan in November 2017,[33][34] and she first appeared in episode 16 in March 2018.[32][35]

text: The setting was also moved from Denver to Atlanta, in part because of Atlanta's diversity.[3] Schwartz called the city "a realistic location of this family to be based out of", noting that the Shapiros had arbitrarily picked Denver for the original series and were not creatively attached to it.[29] Patrick said that Atlanta is "a super diverse population and a great mixture—where there's conflict between old money and new money."[30] Kelley said, "This modern version represents a more current picture of what's happening in America. The diversity of the cast really represents that."[29] In the update, chauffeur Michael Culhane and the Colby family are African-American.[1][4] Also, Cristal's Venezuelan origins will allow the show to explore the current geopolitics of that country.[4][29]

text: Patrick said that episode seven, "A Taste of Your Own Medicine", "brings to a head so many of the stories that we've been slowly building. It hits the tone of the show perfectly."[36] She added:

text: We loved the original Dynasty—the camp and the big, surprising soapy twists. We also felt very strongly that we needed to earn those. It would have been hard to come out of the gate with an episode like this. You have to be with the characters long enough to start caring about them. We're cranking up the crazy moving forward.[36]

text: The episode titles are lines of dialogue from the original series.[37][38] In addition to reworked characters and plotlines, the reboot contains multiple visual homages to the 1980s series, including props and wardrobe.[37][39]

text: The pilot was filmed in Atlanta.[40] On May 10, 2017, the Dynasty reboot received a series order at The CW.[41][42][43] A preview trailer was released on May 18, 2017.[44][45] On November 8, 2017, The CW picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes.[46] Sheridan's casting was a key factor in the decision to give Dynasty a back nine order of episodes after the initial 13.[35] On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a second season.[47]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Nathalie Kelley was cast as Cristal in January 2017,[48][49] followed by Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon,[50] Sam Adegoke as playboy Jeff Colby,[51] and Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael Culhane in February.[52] Next cast were Grant Show as Fallon's father Blake Carrington,[53] and Rafael de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of the original series' Sammy Jo Carrington, in March.[54][55] The remaining main cast members are James Mackay as Fallon's gay brother Steven,[56] and Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders,[57] Additional recurring performers include Nick Wechsler as Cristal's ex-lover Matthew Blaisdel,[1][58] Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia,[1][59] and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby.[4] In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington.[33][34] Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother,[60][61] Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged father,[62] and Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father.[63]

text: Music[edit]

text: The pilot includes a flashback of a young Steven playing the original Dynasty theme by Bill Conti on piano.[1][37] An updated, 15-second version debuted as an opening credits sequence in the 1980s-themed third episode, "Guilt is for Insecure People",[38][64] but is only used in some episodes. Composer Paul Leonard-Morgan worked with Troy Nõka to get "an '80s-rock vibe" for the song, to match Leonard-Morgan's soundtrack for the series.[64] The new theme was recorded with an orchestra at Capitol Records in Hollywood, featuring Los Angeles Philharmonic lead trumpet player Tom Hooten.[64]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Dynasty premiered on The CW in the United States on Wednesday, October 11, 2017, with the season 2 premiere of Riverdale as its lead-in.[65] Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to Dynasty, making it available as an original series on the platform less than a day after their original U.S. broadcast.[66] The series moved to Fridays starting with the fourteenth episode.[35][67]

text: Leslie Moonves, the head of CBS Corporation, said in 2017, "We own 100 percent of [Dynasty], and we've already licensed it to Netflix in 188 countries ... So this means Dynasty is profitable before it even hits the air."[68] The CW's president Mark Pedowitz said in January 2018, "I'm disappointed in the ratings, I wanted it to do more, but I'm happy with the production values that Josh, Steph and Sallie are doing. There are changes coming, I'm thrilled to have Nicollette [Sheridan] ... I'm looking forward to Nicollette and Liz [Gillies] really going at it as a mother-daughter situation, and I think that will add some juice to the show."[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Wednesday 9:00 pm (episodes 1-13)
Friday 8:00 pm (episodes 14-22)
22
October 11, 2017
1.26[5]
May 11, 2018[69]
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 53% approval rating with an average rating of 6.59/10 based on 40 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Dynasty's revival retains enough of its predecessor's over-the-top allure to offer a glamorous guilty pleasure in its first season, even if it never quite recaptures the magic of the original."[70] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 52 out of 100 based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[71]

text: Chris Harnick of E! Online called the pilot "soapy and fun", adding that the series is "a worthy heir to the original show and Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage's previous offering Gossip Girl and The O.C.".[72] Adweek called the pilot inferior to Gossip Girl and the original Dynasty, but suggested that its pairing with Riverdale "could provide audiences a guilty-pleasure double-feature".[73]

text: Tierney Bricker of E! Online dubbed Kelley "this season's breakout star", with Gillies "hot on her Louboutin heels".[72]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Dorian Awards
Campy TV Show of the Year
Dynasty
Nominated
[74]


document_title: Belmont Stakes

question_text: what was the winning time for american pharoah in the belmont stakes

text: Belmont Stakes

text: History[edit]

text: 1868–1929: Early years[edit]

text: The first Belmont Stakes was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, built in 1866 by stock market speculator Leonard Jerome (1817–1891) and financed by August Belmont Sr. (1816–1890), for whom the race was named. The first race in 1867 saw the filly Ruthless win, while the following year was won by General Duke.[2] The race continued to be held at Jerome Park until 1890, when it was moved to the nearby facility, Morris Park Racecourse.[3] The 1895 race was almost not held because of new laws that banned bookmaking in New York: it was eventually rescheduled for November 2.[4] The race remained at Morris Park Racecourse until the May 1905 opening of the new Belmont Park, 430-acre (1.7 km2) racetrack in Elmont, New York on Long Island, just outside the New York City borough of Queens.[3] When anti-gambling legislation was passed in New York State, Belmont Racetrack was closed, and the race was cancelled in 1911 and 1912.[5]

text: The first winner of the Triple Crown was Sir Barton, in 1919, before the series was recognized as such.[6] In 1920, the Belmont was won by the great Man o' War, who won by 20 lengths, setting a new stakes and American record.[7]

text: Starting in 1926, the winner of the Belmont Stakes has been presented with August Belmont Trophy. The owner may keep the trophy for one year, and also receives a silver miniature for permanent use.[3]

text: 1930–2000: Evolution of the Triple Crown series[edit]

text: The term Triple Crown was first used when Gallant Fox won the three races in 1930, but the term did not enter widespread use until 1935 when his son Omaha repeated the feat. Sir Barton was then honored retroactively.[8] Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, and then the Belmont Stakes. Prior to 1931, the Preakness was run before the Derby eleven times. On May 12, 1917 and again on May 13, 1922, the Preakness and the Derby were run on the same day. On eleven occasions, the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes.[9] The date of each event is now set by the Kentucky Derby, which is always held on the first Saturday in May. The Preakness Stakes is currently held two weeks later; and the Belmont Stakes is held three weeks after the Preakness (five weeks after the Derby). The earliest possible date for the Derby is May 1, and the latest is May 7; the earliest possible date for the Belmont is thus June 5, and the latest is June 11.[10]

text: In 1937, War Admiral became the fourth Triple Crown winner after winning the Belmont in a new track record time of 2:28 3/5.[11] In the 1940s, four Triple Crown winners followed: Whirlaway in 1941, Count Fleet in 1943, Assault in 1946 and Citation in 1948. Count Fleet won the race by a then-record margin of twenty-five lengths.[12] He also set a stakes record of 2:28 1/5, a record tied by Citation. In 1957, the stakes record was smashed when Gallant Man ran the Belmont in 2:26 3/5 in a year when the Triple Crown series was split three ways.[13]

text: The Belmont Stakes race was held at Aqueduct Racetrack from 1963 to 1967, while the track at Belmont was restored and renovated.

text: The largest crowd of the 20th century was in 1971 with over 80,000 people, supplemented by the city's Latino community, there to cheer on their new hero, Cañonero II, the Venezuelan colt who had won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and was poised to win the U.S. Triple Crown. However, due to a foot infection that had bothered the horse for several days, Cañonero II failed to win the Triple Crown when he struggled across the finish line in 4th place behind Pass Catcher, ridden by Walter Blum. Despite this loss, Cañonero II was named the winner of the first Eclipse Award for Outstanding Three-Year-Old Male Horse.[14]

text: On June 9, 1973, Secretariat won the Belmont Stakes by thirty-one lengths in a record time of 2:24, becoming a Triple Crown champion, ending a 25-year gap between Citation, the Belmont and Triple Crown winner in 1948. Secretariat's record still stands as the fastest running of the Belmont Stakes and an American record for 1½ miles on the dirt.[15] In 1977, Seattle Slew became the first horse to win the Triple Crown while undefeated. Affirmed was the last winner of the Triple Crown in the 20th century, taking the Belmont Stakes in 2:26 4/5 on June 10, 1978. Ridden by eighteen-year-old Steve Cauthen, Affirmed defeated rival Alydar with Jorge Velasquez in the saddle. At the time the race was the third-slowest start and the third-fastest finish with the quarter in 25, the half in 50, 3/4 in 1:14, the mile in 1:37 2/5.[16]

text: In 1988, Secretariat's son Risen Star won the Belmont in 2:26 2/5, then the second-fastest time in the history of the race. The next year, Easy Goer lowered the mark for second-fastest time to 2:26. Easy Goer also holds a Beyer Speed Figure of 122 for the race, the best of any Triple Crown race since these ratings were first published in 1987.[17]

text: 2001–present: Recent years[edit]

text: For three years in a row, horses came to the Belmont Stakes with a Triple Crown on the line only to fail. In 2002, Belmont Park hosted what was then the largest crowd in its history when 103,222 saw War Emblem lose to longshot Sarava after stumbling at the start. In 2003, 101,864 watched Funny Cide finish third behind Empire Maker. In 2004, the attendance record was shattered when 120,139 people saw Smarty Jones upset by Birdstone.[18]

text: In 2007, Rags to Riches became the first filly to win the race since Tanya in 1905. Three more failed Triple Crown bids followed: in 2008, Big Brown lost to Da' Tara; in 2012, I'll Have Another was withdrawn due to injury; and in 2014, California Chrome was beaten by Tonalist. This fueled debate about whether the series needed to be changed, for example by lengthening the period between races.[19]

text: American Pharoah won the 2015 race, becoming the 12th horse in history to win the Triple Crown and the first in 37 years. The crowd that year was limited for the first time, to 90,000.[20] His time of 2:26.65 was the sixth-fastest in Belmont Stakes history, and the second-fastest time for a Triple Crown winner.[21] In 2018, Justify became the 13th Triple Crown winner and only the second horse to do so while undefeated.[22]

text: Distance and race details[edit]

text: The Belmont Stakes has been run at a mile and a half since 1926, having been run at that distance in 1874–1889.

text: The race has also been run at the following distances: a mile and five furlongs in 1867–1873; a mile and a quarter in 1890–1892, 1895, and 1904–1905; a mile and a furlong in 1893–1894; and a mile and three furlongs from 1896–1903 and 1906–1925.

text: The purse for the first running in 1867 was $1,500 added,[23] meaning the purse was supplemented by nomination and entry fees. This made the total purse $2,500, with the winner receiving $1,850. The purse increased sharply in the Roaring Twenties, from Man O'War's earnings of $7,950 in 1920 to Gallant Fox's take of $66,040 in 1930. Purses declined as a result of the Great Depression, with War Admiral earning only $28,020 in 1937, then began to recover. Throughout the sixties and early seventies, the value to the winner was roughly $100,000, depending on the added money generated by entry fees (larger fields thus leading to higher prize money). The purse was repeatedly raised in the eighties and nineties, reaching $500,000 added, with the winner receiving roughly $400,000.[2] In 1998, the purse was changed to $1,000,000 guaranteed, with the winner receiving $600,000. In 2014, the purse was raised to $1,500,000.[24]

text: With one exception, the race has been run at a level weight of 126 pounds (with a 5-pound allowance for fillies) since 1900. The 126 pounds comes from the English Classics, where the standard weight is 9 stone, with one stone equaling 14 pounds. In 1913, the Belmont was run as a handicap with the winner carrying only 109 pounds compared to the runner-up carrying 126 pounds. Races run prior to 1900 had varied weight conditions.[2]

text: The first post parade in the United States was at the 14th Belmont, in 1880. Before 1921, the race was run in the clockwise tradition of English racing. Since then, the race has been run in the American, or counter-clockwise, direction. Because of its length (one lap around the enormous Belmont main track), and because it is the final race of the Triple Crown, it is called the "Test of the Champion". Most three-year-olds are unaccustomed to the distance, and lack the experience, if not the stamina, to maintain a winning speed for so long. In a long race such as the Belmont, positioning of the horse and the timing of the move to chase for the lead can be critical.

text: Traditions[edit]

text: The Belmont Stakes is traditionally called "The Test of the Champion" because of its 1.5 mile length—by far the longest of the three Triple Crown races, and one of the longest for a first-class race in the United States on the dirt. It is also known as "The Run for the Carnations" because the winning horse is draped with a blanket of white carnations after the race, in similar fashion to the blanket of roses and black-eyed Susans for the Derby and Preakness, respectively. The winning owner is ceremonially presented with the silver winner's trophy, designed by Paulding Farnham for Tiffany and Co. It was first presented to August Belmont Jr. in 1896 and donated by the Belmont family for annual presentation in 1926.

text: Despite the fact that the Belmont Stakes is the oldest of the Triple Crown races, its traditions have been more subject to change. Until 1996, the post parade song was "The Sidewalks of New York". From 1997 to 2009, the song was changed to broadcast a recording by Frank Sinatra of the "Theme from New York, New York" in an attempt to appeal to younger fans.[25] In 2010, the song was changed to Jay-Z's "Empire State of Mind" sung by Jasmine V[26] before reverting to "Theme from New York, New York" from 2011[27] through the present. This tradition is similar to the singing of the state song at the post parades of the first two Triple Crown races: "My Old Kentucky Home" at the Kentucky Derby and "Maryland, My Maryland" at the Preakness Stakes.[3] The change of song gave rise to "the myth of Mamie O'Rourke," a reference to a character in the lyrics of "The Sidewalks of New York." Before American Pharoah won the Triple Crown in 2015, some claimed that changing the official Belmont song "cursed" the Triple Crown and was why no horse had won since Affirmed in 1978. Others note that there was no Triple Crown winner between 1979 and 1996, even though "Sidewalks" was still played.[28]

text: Along with the change of song in 1997, the official drink was also changed, from the "White Carnation" to the "Belmont Breeze."[29] The New York Times reviewed both cocktails unfavorably, calling the Belmont Breeze "a significant improvement over the nigh undrinkable White Carnation" despite the fact that it "tastes like a refined trashcan punch."[30] In 2011, the Belmont Breeze was again changed to the current official drink known as the "Belmont Jewel."

text: While the origin of the white carnation as the official flower of the Belmont Stakes is unknown, traditionally, pure white carnations stand for love and luck. It takes approximately 700 "select" carnations imported from Colombia to create the 40-pound blanket draped over the winner of the Belmont Stakes. The NYRA has long used The Pennock Company, a wholesale florist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to import the carnations used for the mantle.[31]

text: Broadcasting history[edit]

text: From 1986 until 2005, the Triple Crown television rights comprised a single package. In late 2004, the New York Racing Association withdrew from that agreement to negotiate independently.[32] As a result of this NBC, who was the rights holder for all three events, was only able to keep its broadcast rights to the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. ABC regained the rights to the Belmont Stakes as part of a five-year contract that expired following the 2010 race; NBC has since regained the rights to the race through 2020.

text:
CBS Sports 1960–1985[33]
ABC Sports 1986–2000
NBC Sports 2001–2005, 2011–2020[34][35]
ESPN on ABC 2006–2010[32]

text: Records[edit]

text: Speed record:[37][a]

text: 2:24 flat – Secretariat (1973). Secretariat also holds the fastest ½-, ¾-, 1- and 1¼-mile fractions in Belmont history.

text: Margin of Victory:[37]

text: 31 lengths – Secretariat (1973)

text: Most wins by a jockey:[37]

text:
6 – Jim McLaughlin (1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888)
6 – Eddie Arcaro (1941, 1942, 1945, 1948, 1952, 1955)

text: Most wins by a trainer:[37]

text: 8 – James G. Rowe Sr.

text: Most wins by an owner:[37]

text:
6 – Belair Stud (1930, 1932, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1955)
6 – James R. Keene (1879, 1901, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1910)

text: Trivia[edit]

text:
Only James G. Rowe Sr. and George M. Odom have won the Belmont Stakes as both jockey and trainer.
On June 5, 1993 Thoroughbred racing's all-time leading female jockey, Julie Krone, became the first woman to win a Triple Crown race when she rode to victory in the Belmont Stakes aboard Colonial Affair.
In 1984, Sarah Lundy became the first female trainer to saddle a horse in the Belmont Stakes, sending out Minstrel Star, who finished eleventh.
The 2004 race had the biggest attendance in the park's history with 120,139.
Sarava, at odds of 70–1, upset War Emblem's bid for the Triple Crown.[36]
Braulio Baeza has the distinction of winning three Belmont Stakes over three different surfaces. He won in his Belmont Stakes debut on 65 to 1 long-shot Sherluck in 1961 at the old Belmont Park, won in 1963 on Chateaugay when the race was run at Aqueduct, and won in 1969 on Arts and Letters at the new Belmont Park.
Prior to the 2016 running, bay horses had the most victories with 56. Chestnuts were close behind with 54 wins, followed by 33 dark bay/browns. Only three gray/roan horses had won[37] (Belmar in 1895, Native Dancer in 1953, and High Echelon in 1970). In 2016, gray horses swept the top three positions.[38]
Fourteen Belmont Stakes winners have sired at least one Belmont winner. Leading this list is Man o' War, who sired three subsequent winners — American Flag, Crusader and Triple Crown winner War Admiral.[37]
Twenty-three horses missed their chance at a Triple Crown by not winning the Belmont. Eight of these finished second: Pensive (1944), Tim Tam (1958), Forward Pass (1968), Majestic Prince (1969), Sunday Silence (1989), Silver Charm (1997), Real Quiet (1998), and Smarty Jones (2004). Five finished third: Northern Dancer (1964), Spectacular Bid (1979), Pleasant Colony (1981), Charismatic (1999), and Funny Cide (2003). Four finished fourth: Kauai King (1966), Canonero II (1971), Alysheba (1987), and California Chrome (2014). Carry Back (1961) finished seventh, War Emblem (2002) finished eighth and Big Brown (2008) did not finish. Finally, three Derby/Preakness winners did not race in the Belmont: Burgoo King (1932), Bold Venture (1933) and I'll Have Another (2012), though I'll Have Another was injured and was scratched the day before his Belmont Stakes in 2012.[37]

text: Fillies in the Belmont[edit]

text: Only 23 fillies have run in the Belmont; three of which have won:

text:
1867 – Ruthless
1905 – Tanya
2007 – Rags to Riches

text: This gives them a respectable 13% win rate when entered.[39] For context, three fillies have won the Kentucky Derby while five have won the Preakness Stakes. On average, fillies have won between 2% and 3% of the Triple Crown races, with similar numbers for geldings; while about 95% of these races have been won by colts. The last filly as of November 2017 to run in the Belmont was in 2013 when Unlimited Budget ran six behind the winner Palace Malice.

text: Foreign-born winners[edit]

text:
1874 – Saxon
1898 – Bowling Brook
1917 – Hourless
1918 – Johren
1957 – Gallant Man
1958 – Cavan
1960 – Celtic Ash
1990 – Go And Go
1998 – Victory Gallop

text: Belmont Stakes winners[edit]

text:
Belmont Stakes winners since 1867

Year

Winner

Jockey

Trainer

Owner

Track

Length

Time*

2018

Justify †

Mike Smith

Bob Baffert

China Horse Club, Head of Plains Partners, Starlight Racing and WinStar Farm

Belmont

11⁄2-miles

2:28.18

2017

Tapwrit

Jose Ortiz

Todd Pletcher

Bridlewood Farm, Eclipse Thoroughbred Partners, Robert V. LaPenta

2:30.02

2016

Creator

Irad Ortiz Jr.

Steve Asmussen

WinStar Farm LLC

2:28.51

2015

American Pharoah †

Victor Espinoza

Bob Baffert

Zayat Stables, LLC

2:26.65

2014

Tonalist

Joel Rosario

Christophe Clement

Robert S. Evans

2:28.52

2013

Palace Malice

Mike Smith

Todd Pletcher

Dogwood Stable

2:30.70

2012

Union Rags

John Velazquez

Michael Matz

Phyllis M. Wyeth

2:30.42

2011

Ruler on Ice

Jose Valdivia Jr.

Kelly Breen

George and Lori Hall

2:30.88

2010

Drosselmeyer

Mike Smith

William Mott

WinStar Farm LLC

2:31.57

2009

Summer Bird

Kent Desormeaux

Tim Ice

Kalarikkal & Vilasini Jayaraman

2:27.54

2008

Da'Tara

Alan Garcia

Nick Zito

Robert V. LaPenta

2:29.65

2007

Rags to Riches ‡

John Velazquez

Todd Pletcher

M. Tabor & D. Smith

2:28.74

2006

Jazil

Fernando Jara

Kiaran McLaughlin

Shadwell Farm

2:27.86

2005

Afleet Alex

Jeremy Rose

Timothy Ritchey

Cash is King LLC

2:28.75

2004

Birdstone

Edgar Prado

Nick Zito

Marylou Whitney Stables

2:27.50

2003

Empire Maker

Jerry Bailey

Robert Frankel

Juddmonte Farms

2:28.26

2002

Sarava

Edgar Prado

Kenneth McPeek

New Phoenix Stable

2:29.71

2001

Point Given

Gary Stevens

Bob Baffert

The Thoroughbred Corp.

2:26.56

2000

Commendable

Pat Day

D. Wayne Lukas

Bob & Beverly Lewis

2:31.19

1999

Lemon Drop Kid

Jose Santos

Scotty Schulhofer

Jeanne G. Vance

2:27.88

1998

Victory Gallop

Gary Stevens

W. Elliott Walden

Prestonwood Farm

2:29.16

1997

Touch Gold

Chris McCarron

David Hofmans

Frank Stronach

2:28.82

1996

Editor's Note

Rene R. Douglas

D. Wayne Lukas

Overbrook Farm

2:28.96

1995

Thunder Gulch

Gary Stevens

Michael Tabor

2:32.02

1994

Tabasco Cat

Pat Day

Reynolds/Overbrook

2:26.82

1993

Colonial Affair

Julie Krone

Scotty Schulhofer

Centennial Farms

2:29.97

1992

A.P. Indy

Ed Delahoussaye

Neil Drysdale

Tomonori Tsurumaki

2:26.13

1991

Hansel

Jerry Bailey

Frank L. Brothers

Lazy Lane Farm

2:28.10

1990

Go And Go

Michael Kinane

Dermot K. Weld

Moyglare Stud Farm

2:27.20

1989

Easy Goer

Pat Day

C. R. McGaughey III

Ogden Phipps

2:26.00

1988

Risen Star

Ed Delahoussaye

Louie J. Roussel III

Louie J. Roussel III

2:26.40

1987

Bet Twice

Craig Perret

Jimmy Croll

Blanche P. Levy

2:28.20

1986

Danzig Connection

Chris McCarron

Woody Stephens

Henryk de Kwiatkowski

2:29.80

1985

Creme Fraiche

Eddie Maple

Brushwood Stables

2:27.00

1984

Swale

Laffit Pincay Jr.

Claiborne Farm

2:27.20

1983

Caveat

August Belmont IV

2:27.80

1982

Conquistador Cielo

Henryk de Kwiatkowski

2:28.20

1981

Summing

George Martens

Luis Barrera

Charles T. Wilson Jr.

2:29.00

1980

Temperence Hill

Eddie Maple

Joseph B. Cantey

Loblolly Stable

2:29.80

1979

Coastal

Ruben Hernandez

David A. Whiteley

William Haggin Perry

2:28.60

1978

Affirmed †

Steve Cauthen

Laz Barrera

Harbor View Farm

2:26.80

1977

Seattle Slew †

Jean Cruguet

William H. Turner Jr.

Karen L. Taylor

2:29.60

1976

Bold Forbes

Angel Cordero Jr.

Laz Barrera

E. Rodriguez Tizol

2:29.00

1975

Avatar

Bill Shoemaker

Tommy Doyle

Arthur A. Seeligson Jr.

2:28.20

1974

Little Current

Miguel A. Rivera

Lou Rondinello

Darby Dan Farm

2:29.20

1973

Secretariat †

Ron Turcotte

Lucien Laurin

Meadow Stable

2:24.00

1972

Riva Ridge

Meadow Stud

2:28.00

1971

Pass Catcher

Walter Blum

Eddie Yowell

October House Farm

2:30.40

1970

High Echelon

John L. Rotz

John W. Jacobs

Ethel D. Jacobs

2:34.00

1969

Arts and Letters

Braulio Baeza

J. Elliott Burch

Rokeby Stables

2:28.80

1968

Stage Door Johnny

Heliodoro Gustines

John M. Gaver Sr.

Greentree Stable

2:27.20

1967

Damascus

Bill Shoemaker

Frank Y. Whiteley Jr.

Edith W. Bancroft

Aqueduct

2:28.80

1966

Amberoid

William Boland

Lucien Laurin

Reginald N. Webster

2:29.60

1965

Hail To All

Johnny Sellers

Eddie Yowell

Zelda Cohen

2:28.40

1964

Quadrangle

Manuel Ycaza

J. Elliott Burch

Rokeby Stables

2:28.40

1963

Chateaugay

Braulio Baeza

James P. Conway

Darby Dan Farm

2:30.20

1962

Jaipur

Bill Shoemaker

Bert Mulholland

George D. Widener Jr.

Belmont

2:28.80

1961

Sherluck

Braulio Baeza

Harold Young

Jacob Sher

2:29.20

1960

Celtic Ash

Bill Hartack

Thomas J. Barry

Joseph E. O'Connell

2:29.20

1959

Sword Dancer

Bill Shoemaker

J. Elliott Burch

Brookmeade Stable

2:28.40

1958

Cavan

Pete Anderson

Thomas J. Barry

Joseph E. O'Connell

2:30.20

1957

Gallant Man

Bill Shoemaker

John A. Nerud

Ralph Lowe

2:26.60

1956

Needles

David Erb

Hugh L. Fontaine

D & H Stable

2:29.80

1955

Nashua

Eddie Arcaro

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

2:29.00

1954

High Gun

Eric Guerin

Max Hirsch

King Ranch

2:30.80

1953

Native Dancer

Bill Winfrey

Alfred G. Vanderbilt II

2:28.60

1952

One Count

Eddie Arcaro

Oscar White

Sarah F. Jeffords

2:30.20

1951

Counterpoint

David Gorman

Sylvester Veitch

C. V. Whitney

2:29.00

1950

Middleground

William Boland

Max Hirsch

King Ranch

2:28.60

1949

Capot

Ted Atkinson

John M. Gaver Sr.

Greentree Stable

2:30.20

1948

Citation †

Eddie Arcaro

Horace A. Jones

Calumet Farm

2:28.20

1947

Phalanx

Ruperto Donoso

Sylvester Veitch

C. V. Whitney

2:29.40

1946

Assault †

Warren Mehrtens

Max Hirsch

King Ranch

2:30.80

1945

Pavot

Eddie Arcaro

Oscar White

Walter M. Jeffords Sr.

2:30.20

1944

Bounding Home

Gayle Smith

Matt Brady

William Ziegler Jr.

2:32.20

1943

Count Fleet †

Johnny Longden

Don Cameron

Fannie Hertz

2:28.20

1942

Shut Out

Eddie Arcaro

John M. Gaver Sr.

Greentree Stable

2:29.20

1941

Whirlaway †

Ben A. Jones

Calumet Farm

2:31.00

1940

Bimelech

Fred A. Smith

William A. Hurley

Edward R. Bradley

2:29.60

1939

Johnstown

James Stout

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

2:29.60

1938

Pasteurized

George M. Odom

Carol Harriman Plunkett

2:29.40

1937

War Admiral †

Charley Kurtsinger

George Conway

Glen Riddle Farm

2:28.60

1936

Granville

James Stout

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

2:30.00

1935

Omaha †

Willie Saunders

2:30.60

1934

Peace Chance

Wayne D. Wright

Pete Coyne

Joseph E. Widener

2:29.20

1933

Hurryoff

Mack Garner

Henry McDaniel

2:32.60

1932

Faireno

Tommy Malley

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

2:32.80

1931

Twenty Grand

Charley Kurtsinger

James G. Rowe Jr.

Greentree Stable

2:29.60

1930

Gallant Fox †

Earl Sande

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

2:31.60

1929

Blue Larkspur

Mack Garner

Herbert J. Thompson

Edward R. Bradley

2:32.80

1928

Vito

Clarence Kummer

Max Hirsch

Alfred H. Cosden

2:33.20

1927

Chance Shot

Earl Sande

Pete Coyne

Joseph E. Widener

2:32.40

1926

Crusader

Albert Johnson

George Conway

Glen Riddle Farm

2:32.20

1925

American Flag

Albert Johnson

Gwyn R. Tompkins

13⁄8-miles

2:16.80

1924

Mad Play

Earl Sande

Sam Hildreth

Rancocas Stable

2:18.80

1923

Zev

2:19.00

1922

Pillory

C. H. Miller

Thomas J. Healey

Richard T. Wilson Jr.

2:18.80

1921

Grey Lag

Earl Sande

Sam Hildreth

Rancocas Stable

2:16.80

1920

Man o' War

Clarence Kummer

Louis Feustel

Glen Riddle Farm

2:14.20

1919

Sir Barton †

Johnny Loftus

H. Guy Bedwell

J. K. L. Ross

2:17.40

1918

Johren

Frank Robinson

Albert Simons

Harry P. Whitney

2:20.40

1917

Hourless

James H. Butwell

Sam Hildreth

August Belmont Jr.

2:17.80

1916

Friar Rock

Everett Haynes

2:22.00

1915

The Finn

George Byrne

Edward W. Heffner

Harry C. Hallenbeck

2:18.40

1914

Luke McLuke

Merritt C. Buxton

John F. Schorr

John W. Schorr

2:20.00

1913

Prince Eugene

Roscoe Troxler

James G. Rowe Sr.

Harry P. Whitney

2:18.00

1912

No races held due to the Hart–Agnew Law.

1911

1910

Sweep

James H. Butwell

James G. Rowe Sr.

James R. Keene

Belmont

13⁄8-miles

2:22.00

1909

Joe Madden

Eddie Dugan

Sam Hildreth

Sam Hildreth

2:21.60

1908

Colin

Joe Notter

James G. Rowe Sr.

James R. Keene

N/A

1907

Peter Pan

George Mountain

N/A

1906

Burgomaster

Lucien Lyne

John W. Rogers

Harry P. Whitney

2:20.00

1905

Tanya ‡

Gene Hildebrand

11⁄4-miles

2:08.00

1904

Delhi

George M. Odom

James G. Rowe Sr.

James R. Keene

Morris Park

2:06.60

1903

Africander

John Bullman

Richard O. Miller

Hampton Stable

13⁄8-miles

2:21.75

1902

Masterman

John J. Hyland

August Belmont Jr.

2:22.60

1901

Commando

Henry Spencer

James G. Rowe Sr.

James R. Keene

2:21.00

1900

Ildrim

Nash Turner

H. Eugene Leigh

H. Eugene Leigh

2:21.25

1899

Jean Bereaud

Richard Clawson

Sam Hildreth

Sydney Paget

2:23.00

1898

Bowling Brook

Fred Littlefield

R. Wyndham Walden

A. H. & D. H. Morris

2:32.00

1897

Scottish Chieftain

Joe Scherrer

Matt Byrnes

Marcus Daly

2:23.25

1896

Hastings

Henry Griffin

John J. Hyland

Blemton Stable

2:24.50

1895

Belmar

Fred Taral

Edward Feakes

Preakness Stables

11⁄4-miles

2:11.50

1894

Henry of Navarre

Willie Simms

Byron McClelland

Byron McClelland

11⁄8-miles

1:56.50

1893

Comanche

Gus Hannon

Empire Stable

1:53.25

1892

Patron

William Hayward

Lewis Stuart

Lewis Stuart

11⁄4-miles

2:17.00

1891

Foxford

Edward R. Garrison

M. Donavan

C. E. Rand

2:08.75

1890

Burlington

Shelby "Pike" Barnes

Albert Cooper

Hough Bros.

2:07.75

1889

Eric

William Hayward

John Huggins

A. J. Cassatt

Jerome Park

11⁄2-miles

2:47.25

1888

Sir Dixon

Jim McLaughlin

Frank McCabe

Dwyer Bros. Stable

2:40.25

1887

Hanover

2:43.50

1886

Inspector B

2:41.00

1885

Tyrant

Paul Duffy

C. Claypool

James B. A. Haggin

2:43.00

1884

Panique

Jim McLaughlin

James G. Rowe Sr.

Dwyer Bros. Stable

2:42.00

1883

George Kinney

2:42.50

1882

Forester

Lewis Stuart

Appleby & Johnson

2:43.00

1881

Saunterer

Tom Costello

R. Wyndham Walden

George L. Lorillard

2:47.00

1880

Grenada

W. Hughes

2:47.00

1879

Spendthrift

George Evans

Thomas Puryear

James R. Keene

2:42.75

1878

Duke of Magenta

W. Hughes

R. Wyndham Walden

George L. Lorillard

2:43.50

1877

Cloverbrook

C. Holloway

Jeter Walden

E. A. Clabaugh

2:46.00

1876

Algerine

Billy Donohue

Thomas W. Doswell

Doswell & Co.

2:40.50

1875

Calvin

Bobby Swim

Ansel Williamson

Hal P. McGrath

2:42.25

1874

Saxon

George Barbee

W. Prior

Pierre Lorillard IV

2:39.50

1873

Springbok

James G. Rowe Sr.

David McDaniel

David McDaniel

15⁄8-miles

3:01.75

1872

Joe Daniels

2:58.25

1871

Harry Bassett

W. Miller

2:56.00

1870

Kingfisher

Edward D. Brown

Raleigh Colston

Daniel Swigert

2:59.50

1869

Fenian

C. Miller

Jacob Pincus

August Belmont

3:04.25

1868

General Duke

Bobby Swim

A. Thompson

McConnell & Co.

3:02.00

1867

Ruthless ‡

Gilbert Patrick

A. Jack Minor

Francis Morris

3:05.00

text: Note: Timed to the 1⁄4 second 1867 to 1901 and 1903, and to the 1⁄5 second in 1902 and from 1904 to 1991. Decimal timing, to the nearest 1⁄100, is now used, though race calls and many charts still use fifths.

text: A † designates a Triple Crown Winner.A ‡ designates a filly.