document_title: Songs from Les Misérables

question_text: who sings master of the house in les miserables

question_tokens: who sings master of the house in les miserables

text: Songs from Les Misérables

text: Performance[edit]

text: There have been several recordings of this material, including ones by the original London cast and original Broadway cast. However, no recording contains the entire performance of songs, score and spoken parts as featured on stage; The Complete Symphonic Recording comes closest, but a pair of songs that were cut from the show following the initial London run, as well as one song only present in the Original French Concept Album, are not included.

text: Characters[edit]

text: The characters who sing solos or duets are:

text:
Jean Valjean, a morally conflicted paroled convict, prisoner 24601, and the protagonist. Failing to find work with his yellow parole note and redeemed by the Bishop of Digne's mercy, he tears his passport up and conceals his identity (under the alias "Monsieur Madeleine" and later "Monsieur Fauchelevent") in order to live his life again as an honest man. However, Javert constantly pursues him
Fantine, a struggling single mother who becomes a street prostitute in order to pay for her child's well-being
Javert, a willful police inspector, originally a prison-guard, who becomes obsessed with hunting down Valjean to whom he refers as "Prisoner 24601"
Éponine, the young daughter of the sinister Thénardiers who was pampered and spoiled as a child but grows up to be ragged in Paris. She secretly loves Marius
Cosette, Fantine's daughter, who is abused and mistreated by the Thénardiers but whom Valjean later adopts – she soon grows into a beautiful young woman
Marius Pontmercy, a French student and revolutionary who falls in love with Cosette
Monsieur and Madame Thénardier, a crooked couple who own an inn and exploit their customers. They later become a feared band of thieves in the streets of Paris
Enjolras, leader of the student revolutionaries who seek to bring revolution and change to France
Gavroche, a hotheaded young boy who is adored by the people and aligns himself with their revolution – he is a true symbol of the youth and boldness of the rebellion
Grantaire, a revolutionary who doesn't believe in the causes of the revolution. He reveres Enjolras, and is often drunk

text: Songs[edit]

text:
Act I

Overture – Instrumental (Orchestra)
Prologue: Work Song – Chain Gang, Javert and Valjean
Prologue: On Parole – Valjean, Farmer, Labourer, Innkeeper's Wife and Innkeeper
Prologue: Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven – Constables and Bishop
Prologue: What Have I Done? – Valjean
At the End of the Day – Fantine, The Poor, Foreman, Workers, Factory Girls and Valjean
I Dreamed a Dream – Fantine
Lovely Ladies – Fantine, Sailors, Whores, Old Woman, Crone and Pimp
Fantine's Arrest – Fantine, Bamatabois, Javert and Valjean
The Runaway Cart – Onlookers, Valjean, Fauchelevent and Javert
Who Am I? – Valjean
Fantine's Death – Fantine and Valjean
The Confrontation – Javert and Valjean
Castle on a Cloud – Young Cosette and Madame Thénardier
Master of the House – Thénardier, Madame Thénardier and Chorus
The Well Scene – Valjean and Young Cosette
The Bargain / The Thénardier Waltz of Treachery – Thénardier, Valjean, Madame Thénardier and Young Cosette
Suddenly – Valjean (2012 film only)
The Convent (2012 film only)
Stars – Javert
Look Down – Beggars, Gavroche, Old Woman, Prostitute, Pimp, Enjolras and Marius
The Robbery / Javert's Intervention – Thénardier, Madame Thénardier, Éponine, Marius, Valjean and Javert
Éponine's Errand – Marius and Éponine
The ABC Café / Red and Black – Students, Enjolras, Marius, Grantaire and Gavroche
Do You Hear the People Sing? – Enjolras, Grantaire, Students and Beggars
In My Life – Cosette, Valjean, Marius and Éponine
A Heart Full of Love – Marius, Cosette and Éponine
The Attack on Rue Plumet – Thénardier, Thieves, Éponine, Marius, Valjean and Cosette
One Day More – Valjean, Marius, Cosette, Éponine, Enjolras, Javert, Thénardier, Madame Thénardier and Company

Act II

At the Barricade (Upon These Stones) – Enjolras, Javert, Marius, Éponine and Valjean
On My Own – Éponine
Building the Barricade (Upon These Stones) – Enjolras, Students and Army Officer
Javert's Arrival – Javert and Enjolras
Little People – Gavroche, Students, Enjolras and Javert
A Little Fall of Rain – Éponine and Marius
Night of Anguish – Enjolras, Valjean, and Students
The First Attack – Enjolras, Grantaire, Students, Valjean and Javert
Drink with Me – Grantaire and Marius
Bring Him Home – Valjean
Dawn of Anguish – Enjolras and Students
The Second Attack (Death of Gavroche) – Enjolras, Marius, Valjean, Grantaire, Gavroche and Students
The Final Battle – Army Officer, Grantaire, Enjolras and Students
The Sewers – Instrumental (Orchestra)
Dog Eats Dog (The Sewers) – Thénardier
Javert's Suicide – Valjean and Javert
Turning – Women of Paris
Empty Chairs at Empty Tables – Marius
Every Day / A Heart Full of Love (Reprise) – Cosette, Marius and Valjean
Valjean's Confession – Valjean and Marius
Suddenly (Reprise) – Marius and Cosette (2012 film only)
Wedding Chorale – Guests, Thénardier, Marius and Madame Thénardier
Beggars at the Feast – Thénardier and Madame Thénardier
Epilogue: Valjean's Death – Valjean, Fantine, Cosette, Marius and Éponine
Finale: Do You Hear the People Sing (Reprise) – Full Company

text: Prologue[edit]

text: Overture / Work Song[edit]

text: The "Overture" is the opening song and a dramatic instrumental introduction that establishes the setting as Toulon, France, 1815. The "Work Song" flows from the "Overture", the former opening with a choir of imprisoned men singing a melody later used in "Look Down" but eventually becoming a dark duet between the prisoner Jean Valjean and the guard Javert. In early versions, such as in the Original London Recording, the "Overture" was essentially just a minor version of the beginning of "At the End of the Day," but is now almost exclusively played with part of the same melody as the "Work Song" and "Look Down".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, nor did any of the Prologue.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Ouverture (Overture) and Le bagne : pitié, pitié (The Prison: Mercy, mercy).

text: On Parole[edit]

text: "On Parole" is the second song in the Prologue.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, nor did any of the Prologue.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as En liberté conditionnelle (On Parole).

text: Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven[edit]

text: The song contains two parts, the first in which Valjean is invited in by the Bishop and steals the silver, the second, where Valjean is caught by two constables. The former is often cut out of recordings. When the both parts are played, the song is usually known as "The Bishop of Digne".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, nor did any of the Prologue.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as L’évêque de Digne (The Bishop of Digne).

text: Valjean's Soliloquy – What Have I Done?[edit]

text: "What Have I Done?" is the fourth and final song in the Prologue, sung by the main character, Jean Valjean.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, nor did any of the Prologue.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Pourquoi ai-je permis à cet homme? (Why Did I Allow That Man?).

text: Act I[edit]

text: At the End of the Day[edit]

text: The music of "At the End of the Day" is fast and intricate, with different melodies coinciding as sung by various groups of poor women and men, female workers, solos by certain workers, and repetitious instrumentation.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as La journée est finie (The Day is Finished), in which it features as the first song.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Quand un jour est passé (When a Day is Past).

text: I Dreamed a Dream[edit]

text: "I Dreamed a Dream" is a solo sung by Fantine during the first act and the play's most famous number. Most of the music is soft and melancholic, but towards the end becomes louder and taut with frustration and anguish as she cries aloud about the wretched state of her life and her unfair mistreatment.

text: Other uses

text:
Glee characters Rachel Berry and Shelby Corcoran (portrayed by Lea Michele and Idina Menzel, respectively) recorded a cover version of this song.
Other covers include Neil Diamond (from his 1987 live album Hot August Night II) and Aretha Franklin (from her 1991 album What You See Is What You Sweat).[1] Franklin also performed this song for U.S. President Bill Clinton on the evening of the day that he was inaugurated.[2]
In the film The Commitments (1991), one of the auditionees for the titular band sings "I Dreamed a Dream" as her audition song.
Susan Boyle performed it in 2009 for her audition on the third season of the ITV programme Britain's Got Talent.[3] The song's renewed popularity caused Patti LuPone's 1985 recording to enter the UK Singles Chart, peaking at forty-five with 4,987 digital download sales. "I Dreamed a Dream" is the musical's only chart hit.[4][5]

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as J'avais rêvé d'une autre vie (I Had Dreamed of Another Life).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as J'avais rêvé (I Had Dreamed).

text: Lovely Ladies[edit]

text: "Lovely Ladies" is a song from the first act. It is followed by "Fantine's Arrest" and sometimes the two are counted as one song. Fantine, now unemployed, wanders to the docks where she eventually turns to prostitution to survive.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear on the recording, but was a part of the stage show as a song known as La nuit (The Night), which features similar events as the scene where Fantine sells her hair in Les beaux cheveux que voilà (The Beautiful Hair That is There). A shortened version of this song was added at the end of J'avais rêvé d'une autre vie (I Had Dreamed of Another Life), which features the same melody as the final and slower section of Lovely Ladies.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Tu viens, chéri! (You Come, Darling!).

text: Fantine's Arrest[edit]

text: "Fantine's Arrest" is a song from the first act. It follows "Lovely Ladies" (the two are sometimes counted as one song). Valjean's appearance in the song is sometimes referred to as "Valjean's Intervention". This song is followed by "The Runaway Cart".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song was separated into two songs, which were called Dites-moi ce qui se passe (Tell Me What Happened) and Fantine et Monsieur Madeleine (Fantine and Monsieur Madeleine).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: The Runaway Cart[edit]

text: "The Runaway Cart" is a song from the first act, divided into two parts. The chorus, Fauchelevent, and Valjean sing the first with instrumental parts. Valjean sings the second one and Javert on a medium-paced tune often picked up by Javert or other policemen (first sung in "Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven"). The song is cut heavily or left completely out in most recordings. It is known in the School Edition as "The Cart Crash".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear on the recording, but was a part of the stage show in slightly longer form.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: Who Am I? – The Trial[edit]

text: "Who Am I?" is a song from the first act, a solo sung by the main character Jean Valjean. It is rather slow-paced, and shares a melody with Valjean's solo in "One Day More," as well as the ten-years-later sequence after the Prologue.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear on the recording, but was a part of the stage show as Comment faire? (What to Do?). It includes an additional stanza, in which Valjean shortly reveals his past, since the concept version did not contain the Prologue.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Le procès : comment faire? (The Trial – What to Do?).

text: Fantine's Death[edit]

text: "Fantine's Death", also known as "Come to Me", is a song from the first act. It is followed by "The Confrontation". It is slow-paced and the tune is very soft. It has the same melody as the more famous "On My Own".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as La mort de Fantine (Fantine's Death).

text: The Confrontation[edit]

text: The main opposing characters Jean Valjean and Javert sing "The Confrontation". It follows "Come to Me" and is followed by "Castle on a Cloud". The song is low and slow-paced. The instrumentation behind the vocals is the same as in the "Work Song", the melody partly also picks up that song. The song's highlight is Javert and Valjean singing in counterpoint, with the lead alternating.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear. In the stage show, a doctor shortly informed Valjean of Fantine's death and Valjean asked three days to fetch Cosette, which Javert refuses. The music was entirely different, but finished in the same instrumental climax that is still used.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as La confrontation (The Confrontation).

text: Castle On A Cloud[edit]

text: "Castle on a Cloud" is a solo for the part of young Cosette. She sings about a castle where she does not have to sweep floors and a lady all in white looks after her. It is followed by a tag that breaks away from the main melody, involving the first entrance of Mme Thénardier, which is cut from many recordings. Mme Thénardier verbally abuses Cosette, orders her to fetch some water from a well, praises her daughter young Éponine (a silent role), and again refers to Cosette (after Éponine points to her to show she did not leave), warning that she never asks twice.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – The main song is called Mon prince est en chemin (My Prince is On the Way) where it is preceded by a long instrumental section. The part where Cosette is caught by Mme Thénardier is called Mam'zelle Crapaud (Miss Toad) that is added onto the end of "Castle on a Cloud" in the English version.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Une poupée dans la vitrine (A Doll in a Window). This is a reference to the book; to a doll.

text: Master of the House[edit]

text: "Master of the House" is one of the better-known songs of the musical and one that provides comic relief. It introduces the Thénardiers and the crooked way that they operate their inn. The song is preceded by a lengthy introduction sung largely by regulars at the inn and Thénardier himself, which is cut from almost all recordings.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as La devise du cabaretier (The Innkeeper's Motto).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Maître Thénardier (Master Thénardier).

text: The Well Scene[edit]

text: "The Well Scene" is sung by Valjean and Young Cosette. Cosette is walking alone in the woods with a bucket of water. Valjean arrives and Cosette sees him. Valjean tells her to not be afraid. He asks for her name and Cosette tells him. He takes the bucket for her and walks her back to the inn. (only in the new video production in 2013)

text: The Bargain / The Waltz of Treachery[edit]

text: "The Bargain" and "The Waltz of Treachery" are two intertwined songs. Much of the number is often cut from recordings. The latter part of "The Waltz of Treachery" is largely instrumental. It flows directly into "Look Down".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Valjean chez les Thénardier (Valjean at the Thénardiers') and La valse de la fourberie (The Waltz of Treachery).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as La transaction (The Dealing). It is only the second part.

text: Suddenly[edit]

text: "Suddenly" is a song created for the 2012 film. The song "explains what happens when Valjean takes Cosette from the inn and looks after her".[6] The song appears only on Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack.

text: Look Down[edit]

text: "Look Down", sometimes referred to as "Paris: 1832", or in the School Edition as "The Beggars", involves one of the best-known themes in the musical, imitating that which is first heard in the "Work Song". It is important for plot, introducing Gavroche, Enjolras, Marius, the adolescent Éponine, the adolescent Cosette, and the plight of the working poor; it flows directly into "The Robbery". The song comes after "Stars" in the Original London Recording and the 2012 film.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Donnez, donnez (Give, Give). The song is about twice as long. It has a second solo sung by Gavroche, where he makes fun about the king Louis-Philippe and the politicians. A part of what would later become The Robbery can be found at the end. This stanza asks for some historical knowledge; otherwise, the joke cannot be understood.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Bonjour, Paris (Hello, Paris).

text: The Robbery / Javert's Intervention[edit]

text: "The Robbery" is a lesser-known song from the musical. The young adults Eponine, Marius, and Cosette are introduced (though Cosette's part in the scene is silent). Marius and Cosette bump into each other and fall in love at first sight. Thénardier attempts to rob Jean Valjean, whereupon realizing Valjean is the one "who borrowed Cosette," a brawl breaks out. Éponine cries out as Javert arrives on the scene, (a segment of the song commonly known as "Javert's Intervention") but, because Javert does not immediately recognise Valjean, the latter escapes; Thénardier then convinces Javert to let him go and pursue Valjean instead.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song appeared at the end of Donnez, donnez (Give, Give) on the recording, but also existed in the stage show.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: Stars[edit]

text: "Stars" is one of the two chief songs performed as a solo by Javert. It is among the better-known songs from the musical. It comes before "Look Down" in the Original London Version and the 2012 film.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Sous les étoiles (Under the Stars).

text: Éponine's Errand[edit]

text: "Éponine's Errand" is an important scene in the show in which Marius asks Éponine to discover where Cosette lives and then take him to her. It is clear that Éponine is reluctant to encourage the brewing romance between Marius and Cosette, but because of her love for Marius, she cooperates. The first part follows the same melody as L'un vers l'autre (Towards One Another), a solo for Éponine that appeared on the original concept album but did not make it to the current version. This tune appears throughout the show.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: The ABC Café – Red and Black[edit]

text: "The ABC Café – Red and Black", on most recordings referred to as simply "Red and Black", introduces the group of young student revolutionaries, who have formed an organization called the Friends of the ABC. The song name is a mixture from the Café Musain, which was their favourite meeting place in the book and their name, "La Société des Amis de l'ABC" (literally in English, the Society of Friends of the ABC). The name is a pun, as in French "ABC" when pronounced one letter at a time is "abaissé", which is also the word for "lower" (therefore, "Friends of the Lower Class or the Poor"). The song consists of many different changing parts. The song involves a tag, in which Gavroche enters and announces to the students that General Lamarque is dead; Enjolras then sings a solo about how this is a sign for the beginning of the revolution, transitioning directly into "Do You Hear the People Sing?"

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version These songs are known as Rouge et noir (Red and Black), sung by Marius about his meeting with Cosette, followed by Les amis de l'ABC (The Friends of the ABC).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – These songs are known as Le café des amis de l'ABC (The Café of the Friends of the ABC) and Rouge la flamme de la colère (Red, the Flame of Anger). The song order is reversed to match the English versions.

text: Do You Hear the People Sing?[edit]

text: "Do You Hear the People Sing?" is one of the principal and most recognizable songs from the musical, sometimes (especially in various translated versions of the play) called "The People's Song". A stirring anthem, it is sung twice: once at the end of the first act, and once at the end of the musical's Finale. Instrumentally, the theme is also prominent in the battle scenes. In the 2012 movie, it is performed after "One Day More".

text: At the special Les Misérables 10th Anniversary Concert in 1995, "Do You Hear the People Sing?" was sung as an encore by seventeen different actors who had played Jean Valjean around the world. Each actor sang a line of the song in his own language (except for Jerzy Jeszke, who being Polish himself sung a line in German as he'd performed the role of Valjean in Germany), and the languages sung including French, German, Japanese, Hungarian, Swedish, Polish, Dutch, Norwegian, Czech, Danish, Icelandic and English.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as À la volonté du peuple (To the Will of the People).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as À la volonté du peuple (To the Will of the People).

text: Rue Plumet – In My Life[edit]

text: "Rue Plumet – In My Life", referred to on most recordings as simply "In My Life", is among the better-known songs from the musical. It largely involves a duet between Cosette and Valjean, though Marius and Éponine also sing near the end. In the Original London recording alone, it plays alongside a Cosette solo, "I Saw Him Once", (Te souviens-tu du premier jour ? in the original 1980 French production) cut out of all other recordings.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Cosette: Dans la vie (Cosette: In Life) and Marius: Dans la vie (Marius: In Life).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Rue Plumet – Dans ma vie (Rue Plumet – In My Life).

text: A Heart Full of Love[edit]

text: "A Heart Full of Love" is sung by Cosette, Marius, and Éponine, immediately following "In My Life".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Le cœur au bonheur (The Heart at Happiness).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Le cœur au bonheur (The Heart at Happiness).

text: The Attack on Rue Plumet[edit]

text: "The Attack on Rue Plumet" is a three-part song, the first part of which plays in only two recordings: a long version in the 1980 Original French recording and a much-shortened version only on the Complete Symphonic Recording and added into the beginning of "The Attack on Rue Plumet". The second is best known and is played in all recordings while the third is again more important for plot than music. On the London Original Cast recording, it is called the "Plumet Attack". Éponine, bringing Marius to Valjean's house to see Cosette, stumbles upon her father Thénardier and his gang Patron-Minette, made up of Brujon, Babet, Claquesous, and Montparnasse, preparing to rob the house; Éponine screams, dispersing the robbers, while Valjean is led to believe that Javert or his minions have discovered his whereabouts at last, and so prepares to leave at once with Cosette.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – The first part of the song figures as Voilà le soir qui tombe (Behold, The Night Falls), which lasts over a minute and a half and actually occurs between "In My Life" and "A Heart Full of Love". It is sung solo by Éponine and warns Marius about the planned break-in. The second part did not figure on the recording, but was used as a purely instrumental piece in the stage show.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Le casse de la rue Plumet (The Break-In of Rue Plumet).

text: One Day More[edit]

text: "One Day More" is a choral piece with many solos: all of the main characters (except for Fantine and The Bishop - both of whom have died by this point) sing in it in a counterpoint style known as dramatic quodlibet, as well as parts by the ensemble. It is the finale to Act 1. The song borrows themes from several songs from the first act.

text: Each character sings his/her part to a different melody at the same time (counterpoint), before joining for the final chorus:

text:
Valjean picks up the melody of "Who Am I?" without any changes (A major)
Marius, Cosette and Éponine sing to the melody of "I Dreamed a Dream" with Éponine's taking the bridge ("But the tigers come at night", sung by Éponine as "One more day all on my own") (A major, modulating to F# minor)
Enjolras repeats the bridge melody of "I Dreamed a Dream" but in a major key. (E♭ major)
Javert sings to the already often-used theme from "Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven", "Fantine's Arrest" and "The Robbery/Javert's Intervention", only slower and in a major key. (A major)
The Thénardiers sing to a slightly changed melody from "Master of the House" (A Major)
The revolutionaries repeat the bridge melody of "I Dreamed a Dream" in a major key with a counter melody that is only instrumental in Fantine's solo. (A major)
At the end of the song, everyone sings the melody of "Who Am I?" (C major)

text: Other uses

text: The song was used by Bill Clinton in his successful 1992 campaign for the presidency of the United States.[7] Another version was used by Barack Obama supporters during his successful 2008 election campaign. It was also used as a finale to the 25th Anniversary concert of Les Misérables at The O2, sung by the OLC with Ramin Karimloo singing the part of Enjolras.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Demain (Tomorrow). It is slightly longer, finishing with a short solo from Valjean.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Le grand jour (The Big Day).

text: Act II[edit]

text: Upon These Stones – Building the Barricade[edit]

text: "Building the Barricade" is the entr'acte of the musical and features a new music theme, which transitions into Éponine's appearance at the barricade, and her sung dialogue with Marius and later with Valjean as she passes to him a letter from Marius intended for Cosette. It is often cut out of recordings in part or completely. On the Complete Symphonic Recording, this song is mislabeled "At the Barricade".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear on the recording, but was present in the stage show.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as La première barricade (The First Barricade). The section where Éponine delivers the letter to Valjean is cut.

text: On My Own[edit]

text: "On My Own" is a solo part for Éponine. The refrain of the song is the same tune as that of "Fantine's Death (Come to Me)", although it adds a bridge and the tune of the verses are different. Beginning in the key of D, modulating to B♭ (even though the song does not actually change key), then ending in F, this is her most important song. In the film adaptation, the song comes after A Heart Full of Love and before One Day More.

text: Other uses

text: "On My Own" has appeared in many famous events outside of Les Misérables, for example:

text:
The character of Rachel Berry in Glee, played by Lea Michele (who played Eponine at the Hollywood Bowl production of Les Mis), sang this song as an audition to join the Glee Club in the pilot episode.[8] Michele's version has been released as a digital download single.
Anne Hathaway parodied the song at the 83rd Academy Awards. (Hathaway would later go on to play Fantine in the 2012 film version of Les Misérables.)

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not figure, although the music was adapted from L'air de la misère (The Air of Misery), which was sung by Fantine about her misery and suffering. Éponine's solo was known as L'un vers l'autre (The One Toward the Other), bearing no resemblance.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Mon histoire (My Story).

text: Upon These Stones – At the Barricade[edit]

text: "At the Barricade", also called "Back at the Barricade", begins with an instrumental reprise of the "Red and Black" and a sung reprise of the "Upon These Stones" musical themes. It is also the first of the two times that a National Guardsmen sings a warning to the revolutionaries. On the Complete Symphonic Recording, this song is mislabeled "Building the Barricade".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Sur la barricade (On the Barricade).

text: Javert's Arrival[edit]

text: "Javert's Arrival" or "Javert's Return" involves Javert's return to the barricade to report on the enemy's plans; however, he is interrupted by Gavroche's exposing him as a spy in "Little People".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song was a part of the stage show in similar form, but was not a part of the recording.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Je sais ce qui se trame (I Know What is Happening).

text: Little People[edit]

text: "Little People" begins as Gavroche proudly and merrily uncovers Javert's identity as an undercover police inspector.

text: The Original London Recording included a much longer version sung by Gavroche, sung in the first act, between "Look Down" and "Red and Black." This original version was related to Gavroche being able to be useful even though small, rather than the uncovering of Javert. For later versions of the musical, the song was halved to its current length. Gavroche's gleeful uncovering of Javert is sung to an entirely different melody, already used in the Original French Version and is much shorter, before leading to the musical bit that was left in.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as La faute à Voltaire (Voltaire's Fault) and is very long, accompanied by a background choir. The song that Victor Hugo put in the book is used as the refrain.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as C'est la faute à... (It Is the Fault of...).

text: A Little Fall of Rain[edit]

text: "A Little Fall of Rain" is the song of Éponine's death. It features Marius and Éponine, the eldest daughter of the Thénardiers, as she tells him that she loves him and dies in his arms. Marius's reaction to her death in the musical is quite different from that in the novel; in the book, Marius does not really care much about Éponine, whereas in the musical they are portrayed as best friends, and he and his fellow students mourn her death, "fighting in her name", Marius being quite devastated by his best friend's death, even crying while holding her in his arms, and refusing to let go when his fellow students try to take her body away, and refusing the comfort of Enjolras, and continuing to cry over his best friend being gone forever. The title lyric is often misinterpreted; she thinks she is wet because of rain, Marius sees it's blood from her wound(s) that's "everywhere".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Ce n'est rien (It is Nothing).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Un peu de sang qui pleure (A Little Blood that Weeps).

text: Night of Anguish[edit]

text: "Night of Anguish" is a musical interlude scene. The exact definition of this song and the following are hazy; sometimes the few lines following Éponine's death are named "Night of Anguish", sometimes it is the scene directly after the first attack that includes the dialogue between Valjean and Javert, that receives this name.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as La nuit de l'angoisse (The Night of Anguish), which contains much of the same musical material, appears much earlier on the concept recording, and is about the revolutionaries' lamentation of their predicament. It also includes material that would later be used in "Drink with Me".
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: The First Attack[edit]

text: "The First Attack" begins as a largely instrumental number with only some short lines of singing; there also several lines shouted by revolutionaries during the attack. Depending on the definition of the song, it includes the scene in which Valjean sets Javert free. This scene, even though musically relatively uninteresting, is very important for the plot.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as L'aube du 6 juin (Dawn of June 6) on the recording, but was revised for the stage show into musical sections still present in the English version.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as La première attaque (The First Attack).

text: Drink with Me[edit]

text: "Drink with Me" is the revolutionaries' mellow song as night falls and they await their enemy's retaliation.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – One stanza of it can be found in the song La nuit de l'angoisse (The Night of Anguish).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Souviens-toi des jours passés (Remember the Past Days).

text: Bring Him Home[edit]

text: Valjean begs God to save and return Marius to Cosette. In a documentary on the Blu-ray of the film adaptation, Claude-Michel Schönberg revealed that the song was written specifically for Colm Wilkinson.[9]

text: French Versions

text:
1979 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Comme un homme (Like a Man).
1999 Spanish Cathedral Version - This song is known as Sálvalo (Save him).

text: Dawn of Anguish[edit]

text: "Dawn of Anguish" is another minor interlude in which Enjolras and the revolutionaries come to the realisation that the people of Paris are not joining their revolution. Without the masses rising up to support them, they accept that the uprising's failure is inevitable and so Enjolras tells all the women and fathers of children to return to their homes, since they will only die if they remain at the barricades.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.
1999 Spanish Cathedral Version - This song never appeared and was never mentioned.

text: The Second Attack[edit]

text: "The Second Attack" or "Death of Gavroche" is important to the plot. Gavroche runs into the enemy line of fire to retrieve ammunition for the revolutionaries, but is killed during a reprise of his "Little People" solo.

text: James Fenton had written another song for Gavroche's death, called "Ten Little Bullets", using the melody of Gavroche's solo in "Look Down".[10] The song did not make it past recordings, probably not even there. Only the Broadway Revival version restarted using it in 2006.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as La mort de Gavroche (The Death of Gavroche).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: The Final Battle[edit]

text: "The Final Battle" is a mostly instrumental number, often omitted from recordings. It repeats the first bar of the theme from "Do You Hear the People Sing?" with some variations and key changes, before erupting into a final reprise of the "Red and Black" theme, ending on a discordant chord instead of the major chord of that theme.

text: French Versions

text: The Sewers / Dog Eats Dog[edit]

text: "The Sewers" is mostly a lengthy completely instrumental reprise of "Bring Him Home", though it also incorporates "Dog Eats Dog", a solo performed by Thénardier. In it, Thénardier describes his robbing the dead bodies from the battle at the barricades and justifies his actions by saying that somebody has to "clean them up...as a service to the town". He also declares that God is dead and that the only thing looking down from the heavens is the harvest moon. It is one of the darkest songs of the musical.

text: The song was notably absent in the 2012 film adaptation, which instead featured a shorter chase-action sequence, scored primarily to "Look Down", in its place. The omission of the song allows Thénardier's character in the film to remain somewhat comical, though he is still shown in the sewers robbing dead bodies.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Fureurs cannibales (Cannibal Frenzy).

text: Javert's Suicide[edit]

text: "Javert's Suicide" is the second and last chief song performed solely by Javert. It is preceded by a repeat of the beginning of "The Confrontation" theme (which is sometimes cut from recordings or incorporated into "The Sewers"), in which Valjean asks Javert for one hour to bring Marius to a hospital, a request to which Javert, this time, agrees. After Valjean leaves, Javert contemplates the paradox of hunting the man who has spared him his life; he proceeds to jump to his death in the river. The song is instrumentally an exact reprise of Valjean's Soliloquy, though sung by Javert with changed lyrics. Part of an instrumental from Stars is heard at the end of song as he is falling.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Noir ou blanc (Black or White).
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Le suicide de Javert (Javert's Suicide).

text: Turning[edit]

text: "Turning" features the women of Paris mourning the loss of the students and their own hopeless cycles of childbirth and misery. It is set to the melody of "Lovely Ladies." It is also the only song in the musical not sung by a major character.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Tourne, tourne (Turn, Turn).

text: Empty Chairs at Empty Tables[edit]

text: "Empty Chairs at Empty Tables" is a solo sung by the character Marius, who is mourning the death of all of his friends who were killed at the barricade. Part of it is to the tune of "The Bishop of Digne".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Seul devant ces tables vides (Alone in Front of These Empty Tables).

text: Every Day[edit]

text: "Every Day" or "Marius and Cosette" is a two-part song sung by Cosette, Marius and Valjean. The second part is often known as "A Heart Full of Love (Reprise)". Gillenormand sings part of the song in the 2012 film.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, but identical music sections were present in a former exchange between Marius and the Gillenormands in the stage show.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: Valjean's Confession[edit]

text: "Valjean's Confession" is sung by Valjean and Marius. Though important for the plot, the music is more important as an introduction to "Who Am I?".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as L'aveu de Jean Valjean (Jean Valjean's Confession) and was much longer. It explains Valjean's motives more clearly. When Marius asks why Valjean confesses to him, Valjean explains that his conscience will not let him rest until he has done so. Valjean asks Marius if it would be better if he (Valjean) did not see Cosette again and Marius says that he thinks so. This fits much better with the description in the book.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song was cut from the recording.

text: The Wedding[edit]

text: "The Wedding" is a very brief song, also known as the "Wedding Chorale", and is sung by the guests on Cosette and Marius's wedding. The second part is a dialogue-heavy song that is often abridged or cut, sung by Marius and the Thénardiers. This part is sometimes called "The Waltz of Treachery (Reprise)" as it is sung to a similar melody.

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – The first part of this song is known as Le mariage: soyez heureux (The Marriage: Be Happy). It was longer than all other versions, featuring an additional refrain. The second part is known as Marchandage et révélation (Bargaining and Revelation), where it is more than only slightly longer. It included another subplot from the book. Here, Thénardier first tries to shock Marius with the revelation that Valjean is an ex-convict, which Marius already knows. When Thénardier says that Valjean is also a murderer, Marius claims to know that as well. He believes Valjean to have killed both Javert (on the barricade) and a certain M. Madeleine, a rich factory owner. Thénardier proves to him (with the help of newspaper clippings), that Javert committed suicide and that Madeleine and Valjean are the same person – Marius's false source of information is unknown – and then tells him about the sewers.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Sonnez, sonnez (Ring, Ring).

text: Beggars at the Feast[edit]

text: "Beggars at the Feast" is the second big musical number sung by the Thénardiers, in which they proclaim how through their treacherous ways they always manage to come out on top before waving the audience goodbye with the mocking line "When we're rich as Croesus, Jesus, won't we see you all in hell". It is a reprise of the "Master of the House" theme.

text: French Versions'

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Mendiants à la fête (Beggars at the Party).

text: Epilogue[edit]

text: Valjean's Death[edit]

text: "Valjean's Death" is the penultimate (or last, depending on the song organization) musical number in Les Misérables. This and the "Finale", into which it flows without pause, are sometimes counted as one song. The combination is often known as "The Epilogue" (as the musical also has a Prologue). Fantine and Éponine come to welcome him into salvation. "Valjean's Death" borrows the tune from "On My Own", and towards the end, "Bring Him Home".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song is known as Épilogue: la lumière (Epilogue: The Light). Fantine and Eponine do not appear, as the song ends alternatively with Valjean emploring Cosette and Marius to love and cherish each other, before he peacefully passes away.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Final: c'est pour demain (Finale: It is For Tomorrow).

text: Finale[edit]

text: "The Finale", also known as "Do You Hear the People Sing? (Reprise)", is the last song in the musical; it is often incorporated with "Valjean's Death" into a single track on recordings, simply entitled "Epilogue".

text: French Versions

text:
1980 Original French Version – This song did not appear, instead ending with Valjean's Death.
1991 Parisian Revival Version – This song is known as Final: c'est pour demain (Finale: It is For Tomorrow).

text: Song appearances in recordings[edit]

text: Key

text:
– All or almost all of song included
 – Part of song included
 – Song excluded

text:
Song
Original London Recording
Original Broadway Recording
10th Anniversary Recording
Complete Symphonic Recording
Original French Concept Album
Paris Revival Recording
School Edition[a]
Motion picture (2012)[d]

Overture / Work Song

On Parole

Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven

Valjean's Soliloquy (What Have I Done?)

At the End of the Day

I Dreamed a Dream

Lovely Ladies

Fantine's Arrest

The Runaway Cart

Who Am I?

Come to Me (Fantine's Death)

The Confrontation

Castle on a Cloud

Master of the House

Suddenly

The Bargain

The Waltz of Treachery

Look Down

The Robbery

Javert's Intervention

Little People (original)

Stars

Éponine's Errand

The ABC Café / Red and Black

Do You Hear the People Sing?

I Saw Him Once

In My Life

A Heart Full of Love

The Attack on Rue Plumet

One Day More

At the Barricade (Upon These Stones)

On My Own

Building the Barricade

Javert's Arrival

Little People

A Little Fall of Rain

Night of Anguish

The First Attack

Drink with Me

Bring Him Home

Dawn of Anguish

The Second Attack (Death of Gavroche)

[b]

The Final Battle

The Sewers

Dog Eats Dog

Javert's Suicide

Turning

Empty Chairs at Empty Tables

Every Day

Valjean's Confession

Suddenly (Reprise)

The Wedding Chorale

[c]

Beggars at the Feast

Valjean's Death

Finale

text: Notes

text:
a While the cuts in the Student Edition appear significant, most are small edits that don't remove more than a verse or a few measures.
b While "The Death of Gavroche" is included in the student production, it was cut from the 25th Anniversary.
c While "The Wedding Chorale" was cut in the Student Edition, it appeared in the 25th Anniversary Concert.
d Only some of the songs listed below were included on the motion picture's soundtrack album. See the track listing at Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack.


document_title: Minister of Defence (India)

question_text: who was the first woman defence minister of india

root

text: Minister of Defence (India)

text:
Minister of Defence
Emblem of India
IncumbentNirmala Sitharaman
Ministry of DefenceAppointer
President on the advice of the Prime MinisterInaugural holder
Baldev SinghFormation
2 September 1946

tag: table

text: The Minister of Defence is the head of the Ministry of Defence of the Government of India. They are often assisted by a Minister of State for Defence and less-commonly, the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of Defence. The defence minister additionally serves as President of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, and as Chancellor of the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology and of the National Defence University.

tag: p

text: The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947–52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post.

text: List of Defence Ministers[edit]

text:
№

Name

Portrait

Term of office

Political party(Alliance)

Prime Minister

1

Baldev Singh
(1902–1961)

2 September 1946

10 May 1952

Indian National Congress

Jawaharlal Nehru

2

Kailash Nath Katju
(1887–1968)

1955

1957

3

V. K. Krishna Menon
(1896–1974)

1957

1962

4

Yashwantrao Chavan
(1913–1984)

1962

1966

Jawaharlal NehruLal Bahadur ShastriIndira Gandhi

5

Swaran Singh
(1907–1994)

1966

1970

Indira Gandhi

6

Jagjivan Ram
(1908–1986)

1970

1974

(5)

Swaran Singh
(1907–1994)

1974

1975

7

Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)

1975

1975

8

Bansi Lal
(1927–2006)

21 December 1975

24 March 1977

(6)

Jagjivan Ram
(1908–1986)

24 March 1977

28 July 1979

Janata Party

Morarji Desai

9

Chidambaram Subramaniam
(1910–2000)

28 July 1979

14 January 1980

Janata Party (Secular)

Charan Singh

(7)

Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)

16 January 1980

15 January 1982

Indian National Congress

Indira Gandhi

10

R. Venkataraman
(1910–2009)

15 January 1982

2 August 1984

11

Shankarrao Chavan
(1920–2004)

2 August 1984

31 December 1984

Indira GandhiRajiv Gandhi

12

P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004)

31 December 1984

25 September 1985

Rajiv Gandhi

13

Rajiv Gandhi
(1944–1991)

25 September 1985

24 January 1987

14

V. P. Singh
(1931–2008)

24 January 1987

12 April 1987

15

K. C. Pant
(1931–2012)

12 April 1987

1 December 1989

(14)

V. P. Singh
(1931–2008)

2 December 1989

10 November 1990

Janata Dal(National Front)

Himself

16

Chandra Shekhar
(1927–2007)

10 November 1990

21 June 1991

Samajwadi Janata Party(National Front)

Himself

17

Sharad Pawar
(born 1940)

21 June 1991

6 March 1993

Indian National Congress

P. V. Narasimha Rao

(12)

P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004)

6 March 1993

16 May 1996

18

Pramod Mahajan
(1949–2006)

16 May 1996

1 June 1996

Bharatiya Janata Party

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

19

Mulayam Singh Yadav
(born 1939)

1 June 1996

19 March 1998

Samajwadi Party(United Front)

H. D. Deve GowdaI. K. Gujral

20

George Fernandes
(born 1930)

19 March 1998

16 March 2001

Samata Party(National Democratic Alliance)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

21

Jaswant Singh
(born 1938)

16 March 2001

21 October 2001

Bharatiya Janata Party(National Democratic Alliance)

(20)

George Fernandes
(born 1930)

21 October 2001

22 May 2004

Samata PartyJanata Dal(National Democratic Alliance)

22

Pranab Mukherjee
(born 1935)

22 May 2004

24 October 2006

Indian National Congress(United Progressive Alliance)

Manmohan Singh

23

A.K. Antony
(born 1940)

24 October 2006

26 May 2014

24

Arun Jaitley
(born 1952)

26 May 2014

9 November 2014

Bharatiya Janata Party(National Democratic Alliance)

Narendra Modi

25

Manohar Parrikar
(born 1955)

9 November 2014

13 March 2017

(24)

Arun Jaitley
(born 1952)

13 March 2017

3 September 2017

26

Nirmala Sitharaman
(born 1959)

3 September 2017

Incumbent


document_title: List of Bollywood films of 2018

question_text: bollywood movies in the month of july 2018

text: List of Bollywood films of 2018

text: Box office collection[edit]

text: The highest-grossing Bollywood films released in 2018, by worldwide box office gross revenue, are as follows.

text:
*

Denotes films still running in cinemas worldwide

text:
Highest worldwide gross of 2018

Rank
Title

Production company
Distributor

Worldwide gross
Ref.

1

Sanju *

Vinod Chopra FilmsRajkumar Hirani Films

Fox Star Studios

₹586.52 crore (US$85 million)

[a]

2

Padmaavat

Viacom 18 Motion PicturesBhansali Productions

Viacom 18 Motion Pictures

₹585.87 crore (US$85 million)

[b]

3

Race 3

Salman Khan FilmsTips Films

Tips FilmsSalman Khan Films

₹303.57 crore (US$44 million)

[5]

4

Baaghi 2

Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment

Fox Star Studios

₹253.18 crore (US$37 million)

[6]

5

Raazi

Dharma Productions

AA Films

₹194.06 crore (US$28 million)

[7]

6

Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety

T-Series Films

AA Films

₹148.51 crore (US$22 million)

[8]

7

Raid

T-Series Films

Panorama Studios

₹142.81 crore (US$21 million)

[9]

8

Veere Di Wedding

Balaji Motion PicturesAnil Kapoor Films & Communication Network

-

₹138.80 crore (US$20 million)

[10]

9

Pad Man

KriArj Entertainment

Sony Pictures

₹120.56 crore (US$18 million)

[11]

10

Dhadak *

Zee StudiosDharma Productions

Zee Studios

₹108.18 crore (US$16 million)

[12]

text: January–March 2018[edit]

text:
Opening

Title

Director

Cast

Genre
Production house
Ref.

JAN

12

1921

Vikram Bhatt
Zarine KhanKaran KundraTobby HinstonSonia Armstrong

Horror
ASA Productions and Enterprises
[13][14]

Kaalakaandi

Akshat Verma
Saif Ali KhanIsha TalwarShenaz TreasuryAkshay OberoiVijay RaazDeepak DobriyalSobhita DhulipalaKunaal Roy KapurNary Singh
Dark comedy
Cinestan Film Company
[15][16]

Mukkabaaz

Anurag Kashyap
Vineet Kumar SinghZoya HussainRavi KishanJimmy Sheirgill
Drama
Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions
[17][18]

19

My Birthday Song
Samir Soni
Sanjay SuriNora FatehiPitobash
Psychological Thriller
Kahwa entertainment
[19][20]

Vodka Diaries
Kushal Srivastava
Kay Kay MenonMandira BediRaima SenSharib Hashmi
Suspense Thriller
K'Scope Entertainment Pvt Ltd & Vishalraj Films & Production Pvt Ltd
[21]

Medal
Ganesh Mehta
Muzahid KhanIndrisha Basu
Drama
G.K Entertainment
[22][23]

Nirdosh
Pradeep Rangwani
Arbaaz KhanManjari FadnisAshmit PatelMukul DevMahek Chahal
Thriller
UV Films
[24][25]

Union Leader
Sanjay Patel
Rahul BhatTillotama Shome
Drama
Dim Light Pictures
[26][27]

25

Padmaavat
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Deepika PadukoneRanveer SinghShahid KapoorAditi Rao Hydari
Period drama
Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, Bhansali Productions
[28][29]

FEB

2

Wo India Ka Shakespeare
Suresh Mandal
Raza MuradRaj AryanYogita Rajput
Romantic suspense
Jharkhandi Films Production & Impress Media Infotainment
[30]

The Window
V. K. Choudhary
Amit Kumar VashishthPriti SharmaTeena Singh
Thriller, Mystery
Adamant Pictures, Milestone creations, Era Films, Nirvana Motion Pictures, Dhanraj Productions Pvt. ltd
[31]

9

Pad Man
R. Balki
Akshay KumarSonam KapoorRadhika Apte
Comedy Drama
Columbia Pictures KriArj Entertainment, Hope Productions, Cape Of Good Films, Mrs Funnybones Movies, SPE Films India
[32][33]

Downup The Exit 796

Jaimin Bal
Yatin KaryekarVinayak MishraKirti Swaly
Thriller
Jaimin Bal Entertainment
[34][35]

14

Love Per Square Foot
Anand Tiwari
Vicky KaushalAngira DharAlankrita SahaiRaghubir Yadav
Romantic Comedy
RSVP Films, Netflix
[36][37]

16

Aiyaary
Neeraj Pandey
Sidharth MalhotraManoj BajpayeeRakul Preet SinghPooja ChopraAnupam KherNaseeruddin Shah
Drama
Reliance Entertainment
[38][39]

Kuchh Bheege Alfaaz
Onir
Zain Khan DurraniGeetanjali Thapa
Romance
Yoodlee Films
[40][41]

Jaane Kyun De Yaaron
Akshay Anand
Raghu RajaAbhishek SharmaKabir BediChetna PandeHeena PanchalViju Khote

Drama
NeelRishiFilms,Theatre King

[42]

23

Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety
Luv Ranjan
Kartik AaryanNushrat BharuchaSunny Nijar
Drama
T-Series, Luv Films
[43][44]

Welcome To New York
Chakri Toleti
Karan JoharDiljit DosanjhLara DuttaSonakshi SinhaRiteish DeshmukhBoman Irani
Comedy
Wiz Films

[45][46]

MAR

2

Pari
Prosit Roy
Anushka SharmaParambrata ChatterjeeRajat KapoorRitabhari ChakrabortyMansi Multani
Thriller
Clean Slate Films, KriArj Entertainment
[47][48]

Veerey Ki Wedding
Ashu Trikha
Pulkit SamratJimmy SheirgillKriti KharbandaSatish KaushikYuvika ChaudharySupriya KarnikSapna Chaudhary
Drama
Panorama Studios
[49][50]

Billu Ustaad
Suvhhdan Angre
Akhilendra MishraDeepraj RanaMithila NaikKK GoswamiPriyanshu Chaterjee
Drama
Narayan Films
[51]

9

Hate Story 4
Vishal Pandya
Urvashi RautelaVivan BhatenaKaran WahiIhana DhillonGulshan Grover
Erotic thriller
T-Series
[52][53]

Dil Juunglee
Aleya Sen
Saqib SaleemTapsee PannuAbhilash ThapleyalNidhi SinghSrishti SrivastavaAyesha Khaduskar
Romantic/ Comedy
Pooja Entertainment
[54][55]

3 Storeys
Arjun Mukherjee
Richa ChaddhaPulkit SamratSharman JoshiRenuka ShahaneMasumeh MakhijaLaksh SinghAisha AhmedAnkit Rathi
Thriller
Excel Entertainment
[56][57]

Note Pe Chot at 8/11
Imran Ahmed Khan
Ajay KuundalRanbir KallsiPihuDisha SachdevaManoj BakshiInderpal Singh
Satire/ Comedy

Kreative Krishna Entertainment, Umra Ji Entertainment
[58]

16

Raid
Raj Kumar Gupta
Ajay DevgnIleana D'CruzSaurabh Shukla
Action, thriller
T-Series, Panorama Studios
[59]

Raja Abroadiya
Lakhwinder Shabla
Robin SohiVaishnavi Patwardhan
Comedy
Shabla Films
[60][61]

23

Hichki
Siddharth P Malhotra
Rani Mukerji
Drama
Yash Raj Films
[62][63]

Pareshaan Parinda
Devesh Pratap Singh
Meeraj ShahSakshi Singh
Thriller
Dreamz Productions
[64][65]

Baa Baaa Black Sheep
Vishwas Paandya
Anupam KherKay Kay MenonManiesh PaulAnnu Kapoor
Comedy
Soham Rockstar Entertainment
[66][67]

Shaadi Teri Bajayenge Hum Band
Gurpreet Sondh
Rajpal YadavMushtaq KhanRahul BaggaRohit KumarDilbagh SinghNaresh GosainShrashti MaheshwariAfreen AlviRadha Bhatt
Comedy
Rangrezaa Films
[68][69]

30

Baaghi 2
Ahmed Khan
Tiger ShroffDisha PataniManoj BajpayeeRandeep HoodaJacqueline Fernandez
Action/Romance

Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment, Fox Star Studios
[70][71]

text: April–June 2018[edit]

text:
Opening

Title

Director

Cast

Genre
Production house
Ref.

APR

6

Blackmail
Abhinay Deo
Irrfan KhanKirti KulhariArunoday SinghDivya DuttaOmi Vaidya
Comedy
T-Series, RDP Motion Pictures

Missing
Mukul Abhyankar
TabuManoj BajpayeeAnnu Kapoor
Psychological Thriller
Friday Filmwork, Abundantia Entertainment

13

October
Shoojit Sircar
Varun DhawanBanita SandhuGitanjali Rao
Slice of lifeRomantic drama
Rising Sun FilmsKino Works

Mercury
Karthik Subbaraj
Prabhu DevaSananth ReddyRemya Nambeesan
Thriller
Pen India Limited

20

Beyond the Clouds
Majid Majidi
Ishaan KhatterMalavika Mohanan
Drama
Zee Studios

Nanu Ki Jaanu
Faraz Haider
PatralekhaaAbhay DeolSapna Chaudhary
Comedy
Inbox Pictures

27

Daas Dev
Sudhir Mishra
Richa ChaddhaAditi Rao HydariRahul BhatSaurabh ShuklaVipin SharmaVineet Kumar SinghDalip TahilAnurag Kashyap
Romantic thriller
Saptrishi Cinevision, Storm Motion Pictures

Ishq Tera
Jojo D'Souza
Hrishitaa BhattMohit MadaanMozhgan Taraneh (Irani Star)Shahbaz KhanAman VermaGanesh YadavManoj PawhaSalil NaikManju SharmaPyumori Mehta Ghosh
Thriller
Big Banner Entertainment

Our Heroes
Manish Parihar
Devraj Singh SarangdevotShankar Lal DangiMahesh GurjarGourav Gurjar
Action
Jassi Production House Ltd.
[citation needed]

MAY

4

102 Not Out
Umesh Shukla
Amitabh BachchanRishi Kapoor
Comedy
Sony Pictures

Omerta
Hansal Mehta
Rajkummar Rao
Crime Drama
Swiss Entertainment

11

Raazi
Meghna Gulzar
Vicky KaushalAlia Bhatt
Period Thriller
Junglee Pictures, Dharma Productions

The Past
Gagan Puri
Vedita Pratap SinghYuvraaj Parashar
Horror Thriller
Peacock Motion Filmz
[72]

Hope Aur Hum
Sudip Bandyopadhyay
Naseeruddin ShahSonali KulkarniAamir Bashir
Drama
PVR Pictures
[73]

Falooda
Dhiraj Singh
Aarav NegiGoonj ChandAzharPihu SharmaDhiraj Singh
Comedy
Vaibav laxmi Films, Shree S.J Entertainment, Dev Gayatri Entertainment
[74]

18

High Jack
Akash Khurana
Sumeet VyasSonnalli SeygallMantraTaaruk RainaPriyanshu PainyuliKumud MishraNatasha Rastogi
Comedy
Phantom Films
[75]

Khajoor Pe Atke
Harsh Chhaya
Vinay PathakManoj PahwaSeema PahwaDolly AhluwaliaSabah Kapoor
Comedy
Welcome Friends Production
[76]

25

Parmanu: The Story Of Pokhran
Abhishek Sharma
John AbrahamDiana PentyBoman Irani
Action/drama
KAYTA Production, JA Entertainment
[77]

One Night Out
Ravinddra Khare
Javed HaiderGulashan pandeyKabina MaharjanNeha Joshi
Suspense thriller
Music One Films Production & Studio
[78]

Bioscopewala
Deb Medhekar
Danny DenzongpaGeetanjali ThapaTisca ChopraAdil Hussain
Drama
Fox Star Studios, Star India
[79]

JUN

1

Veere Di Wedding
Shashanka Ghosh
Kareena KapoorSonam KapoorSwara BhaskarShikha TalsaniaSumeet Vyas
Romantic comedy
Balaji Motion Pictures
[80][81]

Bhavesh Joshi Superhero
Vikramaditya Motwane
Harshvardhan KapoorPriyanshu PainyuliNishikant Kamat
Action
Phantom Films, Eros International
[82]

Phamous
Karan Lalit Butani
Jackie ShroffJimmy SheirgillKay Kay MenonShriya SaranMahie GillPankaj Tripathi
Drama/Action
Vidisha Productions Pvt. Ltd.
[83]

7

Kaala
Pa. Ranjith
RajnikanthHuma QureshiNana Patekar
Action
Wunderbar Films, Lyca Productions
[84]

15

Race 3
Remo D'Souza
Anil KapoorSalman KhanBobby DeolJacqueline FernandezSaqib SaleemDaisy ShahFreddy Daruwala
Thriller
Tips Films, Salman Khan Films
[85]

29

Sanju
Rajkumar Hirani
Ranbir KapoorSonam KapoorDia MirzaParesh RawalManisha KoiralaAnushka Sharma
Biopic
Rajkumar Hirani Films, Vinod Chopra Films
[86]

text: July–September 2018[edit]

text:
Opening

Title

Director

Cast

Genre
Production house
Ref.

JUL

13

Soorma
Shaad Ali
Diljit DosanjhTaapsee PannuAngad Bedi
Biopic
Sony Pictures
[87]

Ekta
Suman Reddy
Navneet Kaur DhillonRobin SohiAvneet KaurSalil AnkolaPranati Rai PrakashRushad Rana
Horror/Thriller
BS Production House
[88]

20

When Obama Loved Osama
Sudhish Kumar Sharma
Mousam SharmaSwati BakshiRahul AvanaMohit BaghelHeena PanchalHemant PandeyVikas Giri
Comedy
Shape Entertainment
[89]

Dhadak
Shashank Khaitan
Ishaan KhatterJhanvi Kapoor
Drama
Dharma Productions
[90]

27

Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3
Tigmanshu Dhulia
Sanjay DuttJimmy SheirgillMahi GillChitrangada Singh
Drama
Wave Cinemas
[91]

Nawabzaade
Jayesh Pradhan
Raghav JuyalPunit PathakDharmesh YelandeIsha Rikhi
Romantic Comedy
Remo D'Souza Entertainment
[92]

AUG

3

Fanney Khan
Atul Manjrekar
Anil KapoorAishwarya Rai BachchanRajkummar RaoKaran Singh ChhabraDivya Dutta
Musical comedy
T-Series, ROMP, AA Films
[93]

Mulk
Anubhav Sinha
Rishi KapoorPrateik BabbarRajat KapoorTaapsee PannuAshutosh RanaManoj PahwaNeena Gupta
Drama
Soham Rockstar Entertainment
[94]

Karwaan
Akarsh Khurana
Irrfan KhanDulquer SalmanMithila PalkarKriti Kharbanda
Comedy
RSVP Movies
[95]

10

Vishwaroopam II
Kamal Haasan
Kamal HaasanRahul BosePooja KumarShekhar KapurJaideep Ahlawat
Spy Thriller
Ascar Films PVT. Limited, Raaj Kamal Films International
[96]

15

Gold
Reema Kagti
Akshay KumarKunal KapoorMouni RoyAmit Sadh
Sports/Drama
Excel Entertainment
[97][98]

Satyameva Jayate
Milap Zaveri
John AbrahamManoj BajpayeeAisha SharmaTaimoor Nadeem
Action/Thriller
T Series,  Emmay Entertainment
[99]

24

Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi
Mudassar Aziz
Sonakshi SinhaDiana PentyAli FazalJimmy ShergillJassi Gill
Comedy
Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions
[100]

Genius
Anil Sharma
Utkarsh SharmaIshita ChauhanNawazuddin SiddiquiAyesha Jhulka

Soham Rockstar Entertainment
[101]

31

Turning Point

Sudhir Durlabh Tandel

Sunny PancholiApoorva AroraShahbaaz KhanShekhar Shukla

Action/Musical/Drama

Pruthvi Film Industries

[102][103]

Yamla Pagla Deewana: Phir Se
Navaniat Singh
DharmendraSunny DeolBobby DeolKriti KharbandaJohnny Lever
Comedy
Pen India Limited
[104]

Stree
Amar Kaushik
Rajkummar RaoShraddha KapoorAparshakti KhuranaPankaj Tripathi
Horror Comedy
Maddock Films, D2R Films
[105]

Andhadhun
Sriram Raghavan
TabuAyushman KhuranaRadhika Apte
Thriller
Matchbox Pictures, Viacom 18 Motion Pictures
[106]

Rajma Chawal
Leena Yadav
Rishi KapoorAnirudh TanwarAmyra Dastur
Drama
Saarthi Entertainment
[107]

SEP

7

Drive
Tarun Mansukhani
Sushant Singh RajputJacqueline FernandezVikramjeet VirkSapna Pabbi
Action/Drama/Comedy
Dharma Productions
[108]

Paltan
J. P. Dutta
Jackie ShroffSonu SoodArjun RampalGurmeet ChoudharySiddhanth KapoorHarshvardhan RaneLuv SinhaEsha GuptaMonica GillSonal ChauhanDipika Kakar
Action/War
Zee Studios, J P Films

[109]

Laila Majnu
Sajid Ali
Mir SarwarAvinash TiwariTripti DimriRuchika Kapoor
Drama/Romance
Pi Films, Balaji Motion Pictures
[110]

Helicopter Eela
Pradeep Sarkar
KajolRiddhi SenNeha DhupiaTota Roy Choudhury
Drama
Pen India Limited, Ajay Devgn FFilms
[111]

14

Arjun Patiala
Rohit Jugraj
Diljit DosanjhKriti SanonVarun Sharma
Comedy
T-Series, Maddock Films
[112]

Manmarziyaan

Anurag Kashyap
Abhishek BachchanVicky KaushalTaapsee Pannu
Romantic/ Drama
Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions,Phantom Films
[113]

21

5 Weddings
Namrata Singh Gujral
Rajkummar RaoNargis FakhriBo DerekCandy ClarkAnneliese van der PolSuvinder Vicky
Comedy, Romance, Drama
Uniglobe Entertainment
[114]

Batti Gul Meter Chalu
Shree Narayan Singh
Shahid KapoorShraddha KapoorYami Gautam
Romance, Social Drama
T-Series
[115]

28

Sui Dhaaga
Sharat Katariya
Varun DhawanAnushka Sharma
Romance
Yash Raj Films
[116]

Pataakha
Vishal Bhardwaj
Sanya MalhotraSunil GroverRadhika Madan
Drama
VB Pictures
[117]

text: October–December 2018[edit]

text:
Opening

Title

Director

Cast

Genre
Production house
Ref.

OCT

5

Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas
Sunny Deol
Karan DeolSaher Bamba
Romantic
Vijayta Films
[118][119]

Loveratri
Abhiraj Minawala
Aayush SharmaWarina Hussain
Romantic
Salman Khan Films

[120][121][122]

12

Jalebi
Pushpdeep Bhardwaj
Rhea ChakrabortyDigangana SuryavanshiVarun Mitra
Drama
Vishesh Films
[123]

19

De De Pyaar De
Akiv Ali
Ajay DevgnTabuRakul Preet Singh
Romantic comedy
T-Series, Luv Films
[124]

Namaste England
Vipul Shah
Arjun KapoorParineeti Chopra
Romantic comedy
Pen India Limited, Reliance Entertainment
[125][126]

Badhaai Ho
Amit Sharma
Ayushman KhurranaSanya Malhotra
Romantic comedy
Junglee Pictures
[127]

Bhaiaji Superhit
Neerraj Pathak
Sunny DeolPreity ZintaAmeesha PatelArshad WarsiShreyas TalpadeEvelyn Sharma
Action/Comedy
Metro Movies
[128]

26

Marudhar Express
Vishal Mishra
Kunaal Roy KapurTara Alisha Berry
Drama

Nastik
Shailesh Varma
Arjun RampalHarshaali MalhotraTinu AnandMeera ChopraRavi KishanDivya Dutta
Drama
Paras Software and Entertainment
[citation needed]

NOV

7

Thugs of Hindostan
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Amitabh BachchanAamir KhanKatrina KaifFatima Sana Shaikh
Period action/adventure
Yash Raj Films
[129]

Haathi Mere Saathi
Prabhu Solomon
Kalki KoechlinRana DaggubatiZoya HussainPulkit SamratVishnu VishalRajiv Kachroo

Eros International
[130]

29

2.0
S.Shankar
RajinikanthAkshay KumarAmy Jackson
Sci-Fi
Lyca Productions
[131]

30

Kedarnath
Abhishek Kapoor
Sushant Singh RajputSara Ali Khan

RSVP Movies, Guy in the Sky Pictures
[132][133]

DEC

7

Total Dhamaal
Indra Kumar
Madhuri DixitAjay DevgnAnil KapoorRiteish DeshmukhArshad WarsiJaaved JaaferiAashish ChaudharyNiharica Raizada
Comedy
Fox Star Studios
[134][135]

14

Mangal Ho
Pritish Chakraborty
Pritish ChakrabortyAanushka RameshSanjay MishraAnnu KapoorVrajesh HirjeeMukesh BhattSwati KumarOksana RasulovaShahnawaz PradhanAarif SheikhMurli Sharma
Sci-fi/comedy
Ascent Entertainment, MK Media
[136]

21

Zero
Aanand L. Rai
Shah Rukh KhanKatrina KaifAnushka SharmaTigmanshu Dhulia
Comedy/drama
Red Chillies Entertainment, Colour Yellow Productions
[137][138]

The Accidental Prime Minister
Vijay Ratnakar Gutte
Anupam KherAkshaye Khanna
Biopic
Bohra Bos International
[139][140]

28

Simmba
Rohit Shetty
Ranveer SinghSara Ali KhanSonu Sood
Action Comedy
Dharma Productions, Reliance Entertainment
[141][142]


document_title: Satyashodhak Samaj

question_text: who organized the non brahmin movement in maharashtra

text: Satyashodhak Samaj

text: Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-seekers' Society) is a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, India, on 24 September 1873. Its purpose was to liberate the less privileged in the then prevailing society such as women, Shudra, and Dalit from exploitation and oppression.[1][2]

text: Phule established Satyashodhak Samaj with the ideals of human well-being, happiness, unity, equality, and easy religious principles and rituals.[2] A Pune-based newspaper, Deenbandhu, provided the voice for the views of the Samaj.[3]

text: The membership of the samaj included Muslims, Brahmans, and government officials.However,Non-Brahman castes dominated.Phule's own Mali caste provided the leading members and financial supporters for the organization.[1]

text: Samaj after Phule[edit]

text:
The non-Brahmin movement, that was embodied in Satyashodhak Samaj, had not made much difference to any sections of the society in the 19th century and languished after the death of Phule. However, it was revived in the early 20th century by the Maratha ruler of the princely state of Kolhapur, Shahu Maharaj. In 1902, Shahu reserved 50 per cent civil service posts in Kolhapur state for all communities other than Brahmins, Prabhus[a] and Parsi. He also sponsored religious ceremonies that did not need a brahmin priest to officiate.[5] By the 1920s, the samaj had established strong roots among the rural masses in Western Maharashtra and Vidarbha and took a strong economic overtone in its message. At that time the organization styled itself the representative of the Bahujan samaj. It also defined the brahmins,merchants and moneylenders as the oppressors of the masses.[6] The Samaj also
conducted activities in Satara District, Kolhapur State and other places in this area that were designed
to harass Brahmins, and to drive them from their positions as priests, government officials, money-lenders, and teachers in the rural areas.[7]
Prior to 1920s,the samaj opposed the Indian national movement because it was a movement led by the elites.
Later followers of the Samaj during 20th century included educationalist Bhaurao Patil and Maratha leaders such as Keshavrao Jedhe, Nana Patil, Khanderao Bagal and Madhavrao Bagal.[8] By the 1930s,given the mass movement nature of the Congress party under Mahatma Gandhi,the samaj leaders such as Jedhe joined the Congress, and the samaj activities withered away.[9]