document_title: Steven Gerrard

question_text: how many premier league goals did steven gerrard score

question_tokens: how many premier league goals did steven gerrard score

text: Steven Gerrard

text: Early life

text: Born in Whiston, Merseyside,[2] Gerrard started out playing for hometown team Whiston Juniors, where he was noticed by Liverpool scouts. He joined the Liverpool Academy at age nine.[20]

text: Raised Catholic, he attended St Michael's Primary School and Cardinal Heenan Catholic High School.[21] Gerrard had trials with various clubs at fourteen, but his success wasn't immediate – Gerrard never made it into the England schoolboys' team. Gerrard's trials included Manchester United, which he claimed in his 2006 autobiography was "to pressure Liverpool into giving me a YTS contract."[22] He signed his first professional contract with Liverpool on 5 November 1997.[22]

text: Club career

text: Liverpool

text: 1998–2004: Beginnings, Cup treble and club captaincy

text: Gerrard made his Liverpool first-team debut on 29 November 1998 in a Premier League match against Blackburn Rovers as a last-minute substitute for Vegard Heggem.[23] He made thirteen appearances in his debut season, filling in for injured captain Jamie Redknapp in centre-midfield.[20] He also occasionally played on the right wing, but he scarcely contributed in the short on-pitch time he received, due to nervousness affecting his play.[24] Gerrard recalled in a November 2008 interview with The Guardian, "I was out of position and out of my depth." The Liverpool hierarchy nonetheless remained convinced that he would improve.[24] Gerrard saw himself as a defensive player primarily, looking to make key tackles rather than push the team forward.[23]

text: Gerrard began to regularly partner Redknapp in central midfield for the 1999–2000 season. After starting the derby against Everton on the bench, he replaced Robbie Fowler in the second half but received his first career red card for a very late high challenge to the upper leg of Everton's Kevin Campbell shortly afterwards in a game Liverpool lost 1–0.[25] Later that season, Gerrard scored his first senior goal in a 4–1 victory over Sheffield Wednesday.[26] However, he began to suffer from nagging back problems, which sports consultant Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt later diagnosed as a result of accelerated growth, coupled with excessive playing, during his teenage years.[22] He was then beset by groin injuries that required four separate operations.[22]

text: He went on to recover from this, and in the 2000–01 season made fifty starts in all competitions and scored ten goals as he won his first major honours with Liverpool – the FA Cup, Football League Cup, and the UEFA Cup. He was named PFA Young Player of the Year by his peers.[27] In the following season, he would go on to win both the FA Charity Shield and UEFA Super Cup. In March 2003, Gerrard scored the opening goal in the club's 2–0 win over Manchester United in the Football League Cup Final held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.[28]

text: After a year as Liverpool vice-captain, Gerrard replaced Sami Hyypiä as Liverpool captain in October 2003, as manager Gérard Houllier said that he recognised Gerrard had demonstrated leadership qualities early on, but needed to mature.[29] He chose to extend his contract at the club, signing a new four-year deal.[30]

text: Houllier resigned as Liverpool manager after a trophyless 2003–04 campaign, and Gerrard was linked with a move to Chelsea during the off-season. He admitted he was not "happy with the progress Liverpool has made", and that "for the first time in my career I've thought about the possibility of moving on."[31] In the end, Gerrard turned down a £20 million offer from Chelsea to stay with Liverpool and new coach Rafael Benítez.[32]

text: 2004–2007: Champions League and FA Cup success

text: Liverpool had a number of injuries early in the 2004–05 season, and a foot injury suffered in a September league match against Manchester United shelved Gerrard until late November. He returned to score in the last five minutes of a Champions League group stage match against Olympiacos to secure Liverpool's advancement to the knockout round.[33] He claimed that this was his most important, if not his best, goal for Liverpool to date.[34] However, Gerrard netted an own goal during the 2005 League Cup final on 27 February, which proved decisive in Liverpool's 3–2 loss to Chelsea after extra time at the Millennium Stadium.[35]

text: During a six-minute stretch in the second half of the 2005 Champions League final against A.C. Milan, Liverpool came back from a three-goal deficit to tie the match at 3–3 after extra time, with Gerrard scoring one of the goals, a header from a John Arne Riise cross.[36] Liverpool's third goal was gained as a penalty from a foul awarded to Liverpool when Gennaro Gattuso was judged to have pulled down Gerrard in Milan's penalty box. Xabi Alonso's penalty was saved by Dida but the rebound was scored.[37] Gerrard did not participate in the penalty shootout (he was the designated fifth penalty taker) which Liverpool won 3–2 as they claimed their first Champions League trophy in twenty years.[38] Dubbed the Miracle of Istanbul, the match is widely regarded as one of the greatest finals in the competition's history, and Gerrard was lauded as the catalyst for the second half comeback.[39][40][41] Gerrard was named the Man of the Match, and later received the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award.[42]

text: In regards to his contract issues with Liverpool, Gerrard told the press after the final, "How can I leave after a night like this?"[43] but negotiations soon stalled and on 5 July 2005, after Liverpool turned down another lucrative offer from Chelsea, Gerrard's agent Struan Marshall informed Liverpool chief executive Rick Parry that Gerrard was rejecting a club-record £100,000-a-week offer. Parry conceded the club had lost Gerrard, saying, "Now we have to move on. We have done our best, but he has made it clear he wants to go and I think it looks pretty final."[44] The next day, Gerrard signed a new four-year deal as Parry blamed the earlier breakdown of talks on miscommunication between the two sides. Gerrard stated upon signing the contract that he would rather win one premier league medal than win multiple titles at Chelsea as it would mean more to him.[45][46]

text:
"Gerrard is for me, in the position he plays, one of the very best in the world. He has a huge impact. For the job he performs, for me, he is one of the greatest."

—Ronaldinho in 2007 with both players named in the FIFA World XI.[8]

tag: div

text: Gerrard scored 23 goals in 53 appearances in 2005–06, and in April became the first Liverpool player since John Barnes in 1988 to be voted the PFA Player of the Year.[47] He scored twice in the 2006 FA Cup Final against West Ham United, including a 35-yard equaliser that sent the match into extra time, and Liverpool won their second consecutive major trophy on penalties. The goals made him the only player to have scored in the FA Cup, League Cup, UEFA Cup and Champions League finals.[48] Liverpool eliminated Chelsea in the 2006–07 Champions League semi-finals on penalties, to return to their second final in three seasons, which they lost 2–1 to Milan in Athens.[49][50]

text: Gerrard suffered a toe fracture in an August 2007 Champions League qualifier against Toulouse,[51] but returned four days later to play the entirety of a 1–1 league draw against Chelsea.[52] On 28 October 2007, Gerrard played his 400th game for Liverpool in a league match against Arsenal, in which he scored.[53][54] He scored in all but one of Liverpool's domestic and European matches during the month of November, and after scoring the only goal in a Champions League away tie against Olympique de Marseille on 11 December, he became the first Liverpool player since John Aldridge in 1989 to score in seven consecutive games in all competitions.[55] In December 2007, Gerrard was voted sixth (after Kaká, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Didier Drogba and Ronaldinho) for the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year.[56][57]

text: 2007–2012: Continued success and stardom

text: Gerrard made his 300th Premier League appearance on 13 April 2008 in a match against Blackburn Rovers, scoring the opening goal in a game which Liverpool won 3–1,[58][59] and finished the season with twenty-one goals in all competitions, surpassing his total from the 2006–07 season. Gerrard was selected for the PFA Team of the Year and he was also one of the nominees or the PFA Player of the Year, alongside teammate Fernando Torres.[60][61]

text: Gerrard needed to undergo groin surgery at the beginning of the 2008–09 season, but the problem was not serious and he quickly returned to training.[62] He scored what appeared to be his hundredth career Liverpool goal against Stoke City on 20 September, but it was disallowed after Dirk Kuyt was ruled offside.[63] He achieved the milestone eleven days later in a 3–1 Champions League group stage win over PSV.[64]

text:
"Is he the best in the world? He might not get the attention of Messi and Ronaldo but yes, I think he just might be. He has great passing ability, can tackle and scores goals, but most importantly he gives the players around him confidence and belief. You can't learn that – players like him are just born with that presence."

—Zinedine Zidane on Gerrard, 2009.[65]

text: He made his 100th appearance in European club competition for Liverpool on 10 March 2009 against Real Madrid and scored twice in a 4–0 win.[66] Four days after the impressive victory over Real, Gerrard would score at Old Trafford for the first time from the penalty spot, putting Liverpool ahead on their way to a 4–1 victory over Manchester United.[67] Following these results, three-time FIFA World Player of the Year Zinedine Zidane hailed the Liverpool skipper as being the best player in the world.[65] On 22 March 2009, Gerrard scored his first ever hat-trick in the Premier League, against Aston Villa, in a 5–0 victory.[68]

text: On 13 May 2009, Gerrard was named as the 2009 Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year, beating Ryan Giggs by just 10 votes and becoming the first Liverpool player to win the award in nineteen years. Gerrard was delighted and "a little bit surprised" to win the award.[69] On 5 December 2009, Gerrard made his 500th appearance for Liverpool in a 0–0 draw at Blackburn where he was accused of diving in an attempt to win a penalty.[70] He ended the 2009–10 season with a total of 12 goals and nine assists from 46 matches.[11]

text: Following the 2009–10 season, Rafael Benítez departed Liverpool after six years and was succeeded as manager by Roy Hodgson, who quickly assured fans that Gerrard would not be sold.[71] To further eliminate any speculation surrounding his future at the club, Gerrard made a statement emphasising his excitement at the coming season with Liverpool and praising the signing of Joe Cole.[72] Gerrard soon played his first pre-season match of the 2010–11 season against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 1 August 2010 alongside new signing Joe Cole.[73]

text: Gerrard scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season from the penalty spot in a Europa League qualifier against Macedonian side FK Rabotnički on 5 August 2010.[74] His next two goals came on 19 September at Old Trafford in a 3–2 loss against Manchester United; he scored from a penalty kick in the 64th minute and a free-kick six minutes later to level the game at 2–2.[75] He followed this up one week later with the second equaliser in a 2–2 home draw with Sunderland.[76] Eleven days later, Gerrard came off the bench to score a second-half hat-trick in a 3–1 win over Napoli in the Europa League.[77]

text: Gerrard missed the start of the 2011–12 season due to a groin injury, which had also kept him out of action for large parts of the previous season.[78] Gerrard later went on to reveal he rejected the chance to join Bayern Munich in the summer to focus on getting Liverpool back in the Champions League, saying "... a traditional club like Liverpool still has a value, that's the reason why I have stuck around for so long ... it is more important to win a couple of trophies and achieve something that is a lot more difficult than go down the easy road and move to a club where it becomes easier."[79]

text: On 29 October, Gerrard underwent a treatment to clear an infection in his right ankle, which was placed in a protective plaster cast. He was forced to miss Liverpool's league match against West Bromwich Albion that day and was ruled out for at least the match against Swansea City the following week and England's friendly matches against Sweden and Spain the week after that.[80] After a prolonged ankle injury recuperation, Gerrard finally returned to regular first team action in the match against Blackburn Rovers, coming off the bench. On 30 December, Gerrard came off the bench against Newcastle United and scored a fine goal.[81]

text: Gerrard went on to help Liverpool to reach their first cup final in 6 years, and their first at Wembley Stadium in 18 years, as Liverpool beat Manchester City 3–2 on aggregate in the semi-finals. Gerrard scored a penalty in both legs to send Liverpool to the 2012 Football League Cup Final against Cardiff City on 26 February 2012, which Liverpool won on penalties.[82][83][84] On his 400th Premier League appearance for Liverpool, Gerrard scored a hat-trick to give Liverpool a 3–0 victory over rivals Everton in the Merseyside derby on 13 March 2012.[85]

text: 2012–2015: Final seasons with Liverpool

text: On 18 August 2012, Gerrard played his 250th match as Liverpool captain.[86] He scored his first Premier League goal of the season on 23 September, opening the scoring in a 2–1 defeat against Manchester United.[87]

text: On 15 July 2013, Gerrard signed a contract extension with Liverpool.[88] On 3 August 2013, Liverpool played Olympiacos, against whom Gerrard scored arguably his most celebrated goal, at Anfield for Gerrard's charity fund-raising testimonial match. Liverpool won the match 2–0, in a game where past players such as Jamie Carragher and Robbie Fowler made appearances.[89] Alder Hey Children's Charity, of which Gerrard is a founding partner, received £500,000 from the proceeds.[90] On 16 September, Gerrard captained Liverpool for the 400th time in a 2–2 draw at Swansea City. On 5 October, Gerrard scored in a 3–1 win over Crystal Palace, becoming Liverpool's first ever player to score in 15 successive league campaigns, overtaking the record previously set by Billy Liddell.[11] Also in October 2013, he became the longest-serving Liverpool captain, 10 years after his appointment by Gerard Houllier on 15 October 2013, breaking the previous record held by Alex Raisbeck, who captained Liverpool from 1899 to 1909.[91]

text: On 19 October 2013, Gerrard scored his 100th Premier League goal, a penalty against Newcastle United in a 2–2 draw.[92]

text: On 16 March 2014, Gerrard scored two penalties and missed another in Liverpool's 3–0 win over Manchester United at Old Trafford.[93] On 6 April, he scored another two penalties as Liverpool beat West Ham United 2–1 to go top of the Premier League table with five matches to play. These goals took him above Kenny Dalglish as Liverpool's sixth-top goalscorer of all time.[94]

text: On 27 April, Gerrard was involved in what was later labelled as a defining moment of the 2013–14 Premier League season; where Liverpool would ultimately finish second.[95][96][97] Liverpool originally topped the league when they faced Chelsea in their third last match of the season. Gerrard slipped while receiving a pass which allowed Demba Ba to score the opening goal for Chelsea; Chelsea went on to win 2–0, which meant that Liverpool's title hopes were no longer in their own hands.[98][99] Gerrard finished the season with 13 goals and the League's most assists at 13.[100]

text: Gerrard was a nominee for the PFA Player of the Year award that year,[101] while he won the 2014 Liverpool Echo Sports Personality Award.[102] Gerrard would later refer to this period as "the worst three months of my life".[103][104]

text: In October 2014, Gerrard ruled out retiring at the end of the 2014–15 season and said that he could join another club if he were not offered a new contract at Liverpool.[105]

text: On 1 January 2015, Gerrard announced that he would leave Liverpool at the end of the season.[106] Gerrard said he would have signed a new contract had it been offered in the offseason, but said the club did not make an offer until November. By that time, Brendan Rodgers had spoken to him about managing his playing time and he had been left out of the starting lineup against Real Madrid in the Champions League, contributing to his decision to leave Liverpool.[107]

text: On 6 January 2015, Gerrard scored two goals in the 3rd round of the 2014–15 FA Cup in a 2–1 win at A.F.C. Wimbledon.[108] This followed another two-goal performance in the previous match against Leicester, the first time he scored two or more goals in consecutive games since July 2005.[109] On 4 February 2015, he made his 700th appearance for Liverpool, in FA Cup tie against Bolton.[110]

text: On 22 March, Gerrard was sent off 38 seconds after coming on as a half-time substitute in a match against Manchester United for stamping on Ander Herrera.[111] Gerrard made his 500th league appearance for Liverpool in a goalless draw against West Brom on 25 April; he became only the third player ever to achieve 500 or more Premier League appearances for one club, after Ryan Giggs and former teammate Jamie Carragher.[112] His final appearance for Liverpool at Anfield was on 16 May against Crystal Palace in a 1–3 loss.[113][114][115] His final appearance for the club was eight days later in a 6–1 defeat at Stoke although he scored in the game.[116]

text: LA Galaxy

text: On 7 January 2015, the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer announced the signing of Gerrard to an 18-month Designated Player contract, reportedly worth $9 million. He joined the team in July, following the end of the 2014–15 Premier League season.[117]

text: On 11 July, Gerrard made his debut for the club in a mid-season friendly match against Club América, playing the first 45 minutes of the match in which Galaxy won 2–1.[118] Three days later, Gerrard made his competitive debut for LA, coming on at half time for Ignacio Maganto in a 1–0 loss at Real Salt Lake in the U.S. Open Cup quarter-finals. He made his MLS debut on 17 July, scoring once, while assisting one goal of his former Liverpool teammate Robbie Keane's hat-trick, during a 5–2 defeat of fellow Californians the San Jose Earthquakes at the StubHub Center.[119] That month, Gerrard was one of the 22 players to be named to the 2015 MLS All-Star Game roster.[120] He made 13 appearances across the regular season, scoring one more goal, the team's last of a 3–2 home win over FC Dallas on 27 September.[121]

text: After Galaxy was eliminated from the 2015 MLS Cup Playoffs by Seattle Sounders FC, Gerrard announced that he may retire in 2016, saying that he found unexpected difficulty in the long journeys to away matches in the United States, and the diverse altitude and weather across the country.[122]

text: Gerrard played his final game for Galaxy on 6 November 2016 in a MLS Cup Playoff penalty-shootout loss to Colorado Rapids. Gerrard took and scored Los Angeles' first spot-kick but the club were eliminated after Giovanni dos Santos and Ashley Cole failed to convert.[123] Nine days later, he stated he would be leaving on the expiration of his contract.[124] He then had an interview for the vacant managerial post at League One club Milton Keynes Dons, but said that he was not ready for the job.[125] Gerrard announced his retirement from professional football on 24 November, at age 36.[126]

text: In January 2017, he was appointed youth coach at Liverpool, effective from February 2017.[127]

text: International career

text: Gerrard made his international debut against Ukraine on 31 May 2000.[128] That summer, he was called up for Euro 2000, making only one appearance as a substitute in a 1–0 win over Germany before England were eliminated in the group stage.[129][130]

text: Gerrard scored his first international goal in the famous 5–1 victory over Germany in a 2002 World Cup qualifier in September 2001, and while England qualified, Gerrard was forced to pull out of the squad due to his ongoing groin problems after pulling up in Liverpool's final match of the season against Ipswich.[131]

text: Gerrard scored his second goal for the national team in the Euro 2004 qualifier against Macedonia on 16 October 2002 in a 2–2 draw, his third goal was the opener in a 2–1 win over Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2003.[132] He was a regular starter in Euro 2004, scoring once to make it 3–0 in England's win over Switzerland in the second Group game of the tournament but England would be eliminated by the tournament hosts Portugal in the quarter-finals losing 6–5 on penalties in a match when Gerrard was substituted off in the 81st minute for Owen Hargreaves.[133]

text: He participated in his first World Cup in 2006 and scored two goals, both in the group stage, against Trinidad & Tobago and Sweden, although his spot kick was one of three saved by goalkeeper Ricardo as England again bowed out to Portugal in the quarter-finals on penalties.[134] He was England's top scorer in the tournament.

text: Gerrard was made vice-captain of the England team by coach Steve McClaren,[135] and while he filled in for John Terry as captain, England suffered back-to-back losses to Russia and Croatia that ended their Euro 2008 qualifying hopes.[136] After new coach Fabio Capello took over the team in early 2008, Gerrard was given a trial run as captain but Capello settled on Terry for the role.[137][138] Gerrard was subsequently replaced as England vice-captain by Rio Ferdinand.[139]

text: Gerrard helped England qualify for the 2010 World Cup, scoring two goals in England's 5–1 win over Croatia.[140] John Terry was replaced by Rio Ferdinand as captain in 2010, following revelations about the former's private life,[141] and Gerrard subsequently became vice-captain again. When the England team left for the 2010 World Cup, Gerrard was the most experienced player in the squad with 80 caps. During preparations for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, however, Rio Ferdinand was injured, meaning that Gerrard was appointed by Capello as captain for the tournament.[16]

text: After the tournament Gerrard, part of a group of England players dubbed the "Golden Generation", confirmed that he would continue to be available for selection, despite suggestions from Capello that he would seek to re-build the team.[142]

text: Captain

text: In August 2010, Gerrard scored twice in a friendly match against Hungary and helped England to a 2–1 win.[143] Due to Ferdinand's continued absence through injury, Gerrard retained the captaincy for the opening match of the Euro 2012 qualifying campaign against Bulgaria, which England won 4–0. He was later named permanent captain by new coach Roy Hodgson, in time for the tournament finals.

text: This was the first time that he was named directly the captain of England and not in place of an injured or unavailable captain.[144] He provided three assists and won two man of the match awards to help England finish top of their group in the qualifying round, and go through to the quarter-finals. Despite their exit on penalties to Italy, Gerrard was later the only England player to be named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament. On 14 November 2012, Gerrard won his 100th cap for England in a friendly match against Sweden.[145]

text: For the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Gerrard captained England to their first group stage elimination since 1958 and their first elimination after only two matches, after two straight 1–2 defeats against Italy and Uruguay.[146] Gerrard had played a part in both goals conceded against Uruguay courtesy of his club-mate, Luis Suárez.[147] For England's final game against Costa Rica, Gerrard was replaced as captain by Frank Lampard and used as a substitute.[148]

text: On 21 July 2014, Gerrard announced his retirement from international football. He represented England 114 times (currently the fourth most capped player ever, after Peter Shilton (125), Wayne Rooney (117) and David Beckham (115))[149] scoring 21 times.[150] Jordan Henderson described Gerrard as "probably the best player this country has ever seen – not only as a player, but also as a leader and a captain."[151]

text: Coaching career

text: On 20 January 2017, Gerrard rejoined Liverpool in an academy coaching role after rejecting the vacant managers job at MK Dons.[152][153] On 11 April 2017, it was reported that Gerrard would be taking charge of the Liverpool Under-18 side ahead of the 2017–18 season after impressing Jurgen Klopp and Alex Inglethorpe with his work ethic, knowledge and attitude towards academy coaching.[3] However, before he took the next step on the path to receive his coaching credentials, Gerrard pulled on the Liverpool shirt one last time in a friendly against Australian club Sydney FC at the end of this Premier League campaign.[154] On 7 September 2017, the club announced Gerrard will manage the Under-19 team in the 2017–18 UEFA Youth League.[155]

text: Style of play

text: Gerrard was capable of playing in a number of positions.[156] A hardworking box-to-box player, he was usually deployed as a central midfielder, but he had also been used as a second striker, a holding midfielder, an attacking midfielder, a right back, and a right winger.[157][158][159]

text: Gerrard began his professional career as a wide midfielder on the right, although he did not excel in this position as he had a tendency to commit careless fouls in his youth.[160] Nevertheless, Liverpool retained their faith in the youngster, and he was later shifted to a defensive midfield position as he matured, where he excelled as a ball-winner rather than as a playmaker.[161] He continued to evolve tactically, coming into his own in a box-to-box central midfield role, which allowed him to be effective both offensively and defensively.[161] Under Benítez, he was also used in a supporting and creative role, as an attacking midfielder behind the strikers, or even as a deep-lying playmaker.[161]

text: Gerrard, naturally right footed, had the ability to score goals due to his striking ability from distance with both feet.[162][163] As he entered his mid 30s and his physical capability to get forward and join the attack declined, the number of long range strikes at goal decreased, with most of his goals coming from free kicks and penalty kicks.[164][163][165] He possessed good technical and aerial ability, as well as notable defensive attributes.[163]

text: In particular, his tactical intelligence and ability to read the game allowed him to break down the opposition's attacking plays.[163][166] In addition to his footballing attributes, Gerrard was highly regarded for his leadership, determination, and influence on the pitch throughout his career.[163][167] Despite being vocal in his criticism of diving,[168][169] Gerrard was widely accused of diving himself.[70][168][170][171][172]

text: Outside football

text: Personal life

text: Gerrard was born with club foot.[173] He is a practising Roman Catholic.[174] He has an older brother, Paul (not to be confused with former Everton goalkeeper Paul Gerrard), and a cousin, Anthony Gerrard, who last played for Oldham Athletic.

text: Gerrard and his wife, Alex Curran, married in a Catholic ceremony in Wymondham on 16 June 2007.[174] They have four children together.[175]

text: Councillors of Knowsley voted to make Gerrard a Freeman of the Borough on 13 December 2007,[176] and two weeks later, he was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in her New Year Honours List, for services to sport.[177] He received an honorary fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University on 26 July 2008 as recognition for his contribution to sport.[178]

text: Autobiography

text: In September 2006, Gerrard published his autobiography, Gerrard: My Autobiography, ghost-written by journalist Henry Winter, which went on to win the Sports Book of the Year honour at the British Book Awards.[179]

text: Gerrard's second volume of autobiography, My Story, written with Donald McRae, was published in September 2015.[180][181]

text: The autobiography ends with "I play for Jon-Paul." Gerrard's cousin, Jon-Paul Gilhooley, was killed in the 1989 Hillsborough disaster, when Gerrard was eight. Jon-Paul, who was 10 when he died, was the youngest of the 96 victims of the tragedy.[182] "It was difficult knowing one of your cousins had lost his life", Gerrard said. "Seeing his family's reaction drove me on to become the player I am today."[183]

text: In his 2015 autobiography, he opined the four best players to have played alongside him are former Liverpool teammates Xabi Alonso, Fernando Torres and Luis Suárez and England teammate Wayne Rooney.[citation needed]

text: Legal problems

text: On 1 October 2007, Gerrard was involved in a low-speed collision in Southport when the car he was driving hit a ten-year-old cyclist, who had shot into the street and inadvertently crossed Gerrard's path. He later visited the boy in the hospital and presented him with a pair of boots signed by Wayne Rooney, the boy's favourite player, after which he stayed to sign autographs for other young patients.[184]

text: On 29 December 2008, Gerrard was taken into custody outside the Lounge Inn in Southport on suspicion of a section 20 assault.[185] He and two other men were later charged with assault occasioning actual bodily harm and affray, relating to an incident which left the bar's disc jockey with a broken tooth and cuts to his forehead.[186] The three were given police to court bail and were required to appear at North Sefton Magistrates' Court on 23 January 2009,[186] where they all pleaded not guilty.[187] The case was adjourned until 20 March when the assault charge was dropped but Gerrard was required to attend Liverpool Crown Court to face trial for affray.[188] On 3 April, Gerrard again pleaded not guilty.[189]

text: The case went to trial in Liverpool Crown Court. Gerrard's co-defendants pleaded guilty before the trial but Gerrard maintained his innocence. Gerrard admitted hitting Marcus McGee but claimed it was in self-defence and on 24 July, Gerrard was found not guilty by the jury. Following the verdict, Gerrard said he was looking forward to getting back to playing football and putting the experience behind him.[190]

text: Entertainment

text: In 2011, Gerrard appeared in the film Will, about an orphaned young Liverpool fan who hitch-hikes to the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final.[191] In August 2014, Gerrard participated in the ALS Association's Ice Bucket Challenge and went on to challenge Cardiff City F.C. winger, Craig Noone.[192]

text: Sponsorship

text: Gerrard has had several different sponsorships in his career including current deals with Adidas, Jaguar Cars and Lucozade.[193] In 2014, Forbes listed his combined income from salaries, bonuses and off-field earnings at $17.2 million for the previous 12 months.[194] While Gerrard has worn several football boots during his career, he first wore a pair of Nike boots on his Liverpool debut, but soon signed a deal with Adidas in 1998 and has gone on to appear in a number of Adidas commercials with the likes of Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Lionel Messi and Kaká.[citation needed][195] Gerrard has worn ten versions of the Adidas Predator boot, with the Accelerator being the first, and throughout his career he has been one of the brand's major boot endorsees. In 2013, Gerrard switched boot silos to the Nitrocharge 1.0 first wearing the boots in the League Cup clash against rivals Manchester United on 25 September 2013.[196]

text: Career statistics

text: Club

text:
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition

Club
Season
League
National Cup
League Cup
Continental
Other
Total

Division
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals

Liverpool
1998–99[197]
Premier League
12
0
0
0
0
0
1[a]
0
—
13
0

1999–2000[198]
Premier League
29
1
2
0
0
0
—
—
31
1

2000–01[199]
Premier League
33
7
4
1
4
0
9[a]
2
—
50
10

2001–02[200]
Premier League
28
3
2
0
0
0
15[b]
1
0
0
45
4

2002–03[201]
Premier League
34
5
2
0
6
2
11[c]
0
1[d]
0
54
7

2003–04[202]
Premier League
34
4
3
0
2
0
8[a]
2
—
47
6

2004–05[203]
Premier League
30
7
0
0
3
2
10[c]
4
—
43
13

2005–06[204]
Premier League
32
10
6
4
1
1
12[c]
7
2[e]
1
53
23

2006–07[205]
Premier League
36
7
1
0
1
1
12[c]
3
1[d]
0
51
11

2007–08[206]
Premier League
34
11
3
3
2
1
13[c]
6
—
52
21

2008–09[207]
Premier League
31
16
3
1
0
0
10[c]
7
—
44
24

2009–10[208]
Premier League
33
9
2
1
1
0
13[c]
2
—
49
12

2010–11[209]
Premier League
21
4
1
0
0
0
2[f]
4
—
24
8

2011–12[210]
Premier League
18
5
6
2
4
2
—
—
28
9

2012–13[211]
Premier League
36
9
1
0
1
0
8[f]
1
—
46
10

2013–14[212]
Premier League
34
13
3
1
2
0
—
—
39
14

2014–15[213]
Premier League
29
9
3
2
3
0
6[c]
2
—
41
13

Total
504
120
42
15
30
9
130
41
4
1
710
186

LA Galaxy
2015[214]
Major League Soccer
13
2
1
0
—
0
0
1[g]
0
15
2

2016[214]
Major League Soccer
21
3
0
0
—
2[h]
0
0
0
23
3

Total
34
5
1
0
—
2
0
1
0
38
5

Career total
538
125
43
15
30
9
132
41
5
1
748
191

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Appearance(s) in UEFA Cup
Jump up ^ Fourteen appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, one appearance in UEFA Super Cup
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Appearances in UEFA Champions League
^ Jump up to: a b Appearance in FA Community Shield
Jump up ^ Appearances in FIFA Club World Championship
^ Jump up to: a b Appearances in UEFA Europa League
Jump up ^ Appearance in MLS Cup Playoffs
Jump up ^ Appearances in CONCACAF Champions League

tag: ol

text: International

text:
Appearances and goals by national team and year

National team
Year
Apps
Goals

England[215]
2000
2
0

2001
6
1

2002
5
1

2003
8
1

2004
10
2

2005
8
1

2006
13
4

2007
11
2

2008
7
2

2009
7
2

2010
12
3

2012
11
0

2013
8
2

2014
6
0

Total
114
21

text: International goals

text:
International goals by date, venue, cap, opponent, score, result and competition

No.
Date
Venue
Cap
Opponent
Score
Result
Competition
Ref

1
1 September 2001
Olympiastadion, Munich, Germany
6
 Germany
2–1
5–1
2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
[217]

2
16 October 2002
St Mary's Stadium, Southampton, England
13
 Macedonia
2–2
2–2
UEFA Euro 2004 qualification
[218]

3
3 June 2003
Walkers Stadium, Leicester, England
17
 Serbia and Montenegro
1–0
2–1
Friendly
[219]

4
17 June 2004
Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
26
  Switzerland
3–0
3–0
UEFA Euro 2004
[220]

5
4 September 2004
Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna, Austria
30
 Austria
2–0
2–2
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
[221]

6
30 March 2005
St James' Park, Newcastle, England
34
 Azerbaijan
1–0
2–0
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
[222]

7
30 May 2006
Old Trafford, Manchester, England
41
 Hungary
1–0
3–1
Friendly
[223]

8
15 June 2006
Frankenstadion, Nuremberg, Germany
44
 Trinidad and Tobago
2–0
2–0
2006 FIFA World Cup
[224]

9
20 June 2006
RheinEnergieStadion, Cologne, Germany
45
 Sweden
2–1
2–2
2006 FIFA World Cup
[225]

10
2 September 2006
Old Trafford, Manchester, England
49
 Andorra
2–0
5–0
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification
[226]

11
28 March 2007
Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spain
55
 Andorra
1–0
3–0
UEFA Euro 2008 qualification
[227]

12
2–0

13
28 May 2008
Wembley Stadium, London, England
66
 United States
2–0
2–0
Friendly
[228]

14
15 October 2008
Dinamo Stadium, Minsk, Belarus
70
 Belarus
1–0
3–1
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
[229]

15
9 September 2009
Wembley Stadium, London, England
76
 Croatia
2–0
5–1
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
[230]

16
4–0

17
12 June 2010
Royal Bafokeng Stadium, Rustenburg, South Africa
81
 United States
1–0
1–1
2010 FIFA World Cup
[231]

18
11 August 2010
Wembley Stadium, London, England
85
 Hungary
1–1
2–1
Friendly
[232]

19
2–1

20
6 September 2013
Wembley Stadium, London, England
104
 Moldova
1–0
4–0
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
[233]

21
15 October 2013
Wembley Stadium, London, England
107
 Poland
2–0
2–0
2014 FIFA World Cup qualification
[234]

text: Honours

text: Club

text: Liverpool

text:
FA Cup: 2000–01,[236] 2005–06[237]
Football League Cup: 2000–01,[238] 2002–03,[239] 2011–12[240]
FA Community Shield: 2006[241]
UEFA Champions League: 2004–05[242]
UEFA Cup: 2000–01[243]
UEFA Super Cup: 2001[244]

text: Individual

text:
Ballon d'Or third place: 2005
UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2005
PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2005–06
PFA Young Player of the Year: 2000–01
PFA Premier League Team of the Year: 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2013–14
PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2000–01, 2008–09
PFA Merit Award: 2015
FWA Tribute Award: 2013
FWA Footballer of the Year: 2008–09
IFFHS World's Most Popular Footballer: 2006
FA England Player of the Year Award: 2007, 2012
Liverpool F.C. Player of the Season: 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009
Liverpool F.C. Top Goal Scorer: 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2014–15[245][246][247][248]
BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award – 3rd Place: 2005
BBC Goal of the Season: 2006[249]
FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball: 2005[250]
FIFA FIFPro World XI: 2007, 2008, 2009
FIFA FIFPro World XI 5th team: 2013[251]
UEFA Team of the Year: 2005, 2006, 2007
UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year[252]
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 2012
UEFA European Championship Top Assist Provider: 2012[253]
UEFA Champions League Final Man of The Match: 2005[254]
ESM Team of the Year: 2008–09
ECHO Sports Personality of the Year Award: 2014
Premier League Player of the Month: March 2001, March 2003, December 2004, April 2006, March 2009, March 2014
Premier League 20 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2011–12)

Fantasy Teams of the 20 Seasons (Public choice)

MLS All-Star: 2015[255]
English Football Hall of Fame: 2017[256]
Match of the Day Premier League all-time XI: (published 2017)[257]

text: Orders

text: Member of the Order of the British Empire[258]

text: Special Awards

text: Honorary Fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University to mark his contribution to sport[259]

text: Footnotes

text: Jump up ^ Gerrard took over as manager of the club's U18 side ahead of the 2017–18 season.[3][4][5]


document_title: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

question_text: where does the boy in striped pajamas take place

root

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

text:
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

Author
John Boyne

Country
Ireland

Language
English

Genre
Historical / post modern

Publisher
David Fickling Books

Publication date

5 January 2006

Media type
Print (hard cover & paper back)

Pages
216

ISBN
0-385-60940-X

OCLC
62132588

Dewey Decimal

823.914 22

LC Class
CS 2006/45764

tag: table

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2006[1] Holocaust novel by Irish novelist John Boyne. Unlike the months of planning Boyne devoted to his other books, he said that he wrote the entire first draft of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas in two and a half days, barely sleeping until he got to the end.[1] As of March 2010, the novel had sold more than five million copies around the world.[2] In both 2007 and 2008, it was the best selling book of the year in Spain, and it has also reached number one on the New York Times bestseller list,[3] as well as in the UK, Ireland, and Australia.[not verified in body] The book was adapted in 2008 as a film of the same name.

tag: p

text: Plot

text: Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to 'Out-With' because of the orders of "The Fury" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word 'Führer'). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (never identified, but cf. Auschwitz[4]) and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl, and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on this side of the fence, but he is separated from his mother. Bruno and Shmuel talk and become very good friends, although Bruno still does not understand very much about Shmuel and his side of the fence. Nearly every day, unless it's raining Bruno goes to see Shmuel and sneaks him food. As the meetings go on, and Shmuel gets more and more skinny, Bruno's naïveté means he never realizes he is living beside a death camp.

text: When lice eggs are discovered in Bruno's hair he is forced to get all of his hair shaved off. Bruno comments that he looks like Shmuel, and Shmuel agrees, except that Bruno is fatter. Bruno's mother eventually persuades his father to take them back to Berlin and stay at Out-With without them.

text: The next day Bruno concocts a plan with Shmuel to sneak into the camp to look for Shmuel's father. Shmuel brings a set of prison clothes (which look to Bruno like striped pyjamas), and Bruno leaves his own clothes outside the fence. As they search the camp, both children are rounded up along with a group of prisoners on a "march". In the gas chamber, Bruno apologizes to Shmuel for not finding his father and tells Shmuel that he is Bruno's best friend for life. Shmuel does not answer, as at that moment the door of the gas chamber is closed, it becomes dark, and all is chaos.

text: Bruno's mother and sister return to Berlin, where they hope to find Bruno sitting on the doorstep, but do not. His father stays at Out-With, where he finally works out what had happened. When soldiers come to take him away from Out-With, he is happy to be leaving.

text: Critics' Reviews

text: Some critics have called the premise of the book and subsequent film – that there would be a child of Shmuel's age in the camp – erroneous. Reviewing the original book, Rabbi Benjamin Blech wrote: "Note to the reader: There were no 9-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz – the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work."[5] Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is "not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation". Blech acknowledges the objection that a "fable" need not be factually accurate; he counters that the book trivializes the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the "myth that those [...] not directly involved can claim innocence", and thus undermines its moral authority. Students who read it, he warns, may believe the camps "weren't that bad" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of "the constant presence of death".[6]

text: Kathryn Hughes, whilst agreeing about the implausibility of the plot, argues that "Bruno's innocence comes to stand for the willful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their noses".[7]


document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when did the drinking age change in ny

question_tokens: when did the drinking age change in ny

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text: As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1970:
Lowered to 19[7]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska
 ?
21[7]
1970:
Lowered to 19[9]
1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona
 ?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7]
21
21[14]
21 [8]
21

California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18]
1933:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado
None[11]
1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7]
18 [19]
Raised to 21 in 1987 [8]
21

Connecticut
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[20]
1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 20[13]
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia
 ?
18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida
 ?
18[7]
1972:
19 [27]
1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause [27]
21 [28]

Georgia
 ?
21 [11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18[13]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho
 ?
20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21 [35]
1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36]
1980:
Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana
 ?
Post-1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas
 ?
1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky
 ?
1938:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana
 ?
As of 1948:
18[13]
18[19]
1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21

Maine
 ?
21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][42]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland
 ?
21[7]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[43][44]
1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause [8][45]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts
 ?
21 [11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[46][47][48]
Raised to 21 in 1985 [8]
21

Michigan
 ?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[49]
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[50][51]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota
 ?
21 [11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1976:
Raised to 19[52]
First state to raise age after lowering.
1986:
Raised to 21[53]
21

Mississippi
 ?
1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986 [8]
21

Missouri
 ?
1945:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21

Montana
 ?
21 [11]
1971:
Lowered to 19[54]
1973:
Lowered to 18[55][56]
1979:
Raised to 19
1987:
Raised to 21[8][57]
21

Nebraska
 ?
21[58]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 19[58]
1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada
 ?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire
 ?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18[59]
1979:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[60][61][62]
21[citation needed]
1973:
Lowered to 18 [12]
1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][63]
21

New Mexico
 ?
1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York
21
18[64]
18
1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][65][66]
21

North Carolina
 ?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota
 ?
1936:
21[7]
21[14]
21 [67]
21

Ohio
 ?
1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[68]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[69]
1988:
21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma
 ?
Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[70]
1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec) [71]
Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:
Raised to 21[11][72]
21

Oregon
 ?
1933:
21[7]
21
21 [8]
21

Pennsylvania
 ?
1935:
21[7]
21
21 [8][51]
21

Rhode Island
 ?
21[11]
1970:
Lowered to 18[12][73]
1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina
21[74]
1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota
 ?
1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[75]
1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13]
1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[57]
21

Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[76]
21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7]
1979:
Raised to 19
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[77][78]
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 18[79]
1981:
Raised to 19[80]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah
 ?
1935:
21[7]
21[14]
21 [8]
21

Vermont
 ?
21[7]
1971:
Lowered to 18[81][82]
1986:
Raised to 21[21][82]
21

Virginia
 ?
21[83]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[83]
1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[83]
21

Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877 [84]
21[citation needed]
21
21 [8]
21

West Virginia
 ?
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[85]
1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][42]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[86]
18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[87]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[87]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[87]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[87]
1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[87]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming
 ?
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 19[13]
1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[88][89]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa
 ?
 ?
 ?
21?
21 [90]

Northern Mariana Islands
–
–
 ?
21?
21 [91]

Puerto Rico
 ?
18
18
Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act.
18 [92]

Virgin Islands
 ?
 ?
 ?
18
18 [93]

Guam
 ?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010 [5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.

tag: ul