document_title: List of Major League Baseball 100 win seasons

question_text: when was the last time the red sox had 100 wins in a season

text: Season records[edit]

text:
Season

Franchise

League

Wins

Losses

%

Manager

Finish

1892 [3]
Boston Beaneaters
NL
102
48
.680
Frank Selee
Won National League

1898 [4]
Boston Beaneaters
NL
102
47
.685
Frank Selee
Won National League

1899 [5]
Brooklyn Superbas
NL
101
47
.682
Ned Hanlon
Won National League

1902 [6]
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
103
36
.741
Fred Clarke
Won National League

1904 [7]
New York Giants
NL
106
47
.693
John McGraw
Won National League

1905 [8]
New York Giants
NL
105
48
.686
John McGraw
Won 1905 World Series

1906 [9]
Chicago Cubs
NL
116
36
.763
Frank Chance
Lost 1906 World Series

1907 [10]
Chicago Cubs
NL
107
45
.704
Frank Chance
Won 1907 World Series

1909 [11]
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
110
42
.724
Fred Clarke
Won 1909 World Series

1909 [11]
Chicago Cubs
NL
104
49
.680
Frank Chance
Finished 2nd in NL

1910 [12]
Chicago Cubs
NL
104
50
.675
Frank Chance
Lost 1910 World Series

1910 [12]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
102
48
.680
Connie Mack
Won 1910 World Series

1911 [13]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
101
50
.669
Connie Mack
Won 1911 World Series

1912 [14]
Boston Red Sox
AL
105
47
.691
Jake Stahl
Won 1912 World Series

1912 [14]
New York Giants
NL
103
48
.682
John McGraw
Lost 1912 World Series

1913 [15]
New York Giants
NL
101
51
.664
John McGraw
Lost 1913 World Series

1915 [16]
Boston Red Sox
AL
101
50
.669
Bill Carrigan
Won 1915 World Series

1915 [16]
Detroit Tigers
AL
100
54
.649
Hughie Jennings
Finished 2nd in AL

1917 [17]
Chicago White Sox
AL
100
54
.649
Pants Rowland
Won 1917 World Series

1927 [18]
New York Yankees
AL
110
44
.714
Miller Huggins
Won 1927 World Series

1928 [19]
New York Yankees
AL
101
53
.656
Miller Huggins
Won 1928 World Series

1929 [20]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
104
46
.693
Connie Mack
Won 1929 World Series

1930 [21]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
102
52
.662
Connie Mack
Won 1930 World Series

1931 [22]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
107
45
.704
Connie Mack
Lost 1931 World Series

1931 [22]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
53
.656
Gabby Street
Won 1931 World Series

1932 [23]
New York Yankees
AL
107
47
.695
Joe McCarthy
Won 1932 World Series

1934 [24]
Detroit Tigers
AL
101
53
.656
Mickey Cochrane
Lost 1934 World Series

1935 [25]
Chicago Cubs
NL
100
54
.649
Charlie Grimm
Lost 1935 World Series

1936 [26]
New York Yankees
AL
102
51
.667
Joe McCarthy
Won 1936 World Series

1937 [27]
New York Yankees
AL
102
52
.662
Joe McCarthy
Won 1937 World Series

1939 [28]
New York Yankees
AL
106
45
.702
Joe McCarthy
Won 1939 World Series

1940 [29]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
100
53
.654
Bill McKechnie
Won 1940 World Series

1941 [30]
New York Yankees
AL
101
53
.656
Joe McCarthy
Won 1941 World Series

1941 [30]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
100
54
.649
Leo Durocher
Lost 1941 World Series

1942 [31]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
106
48
.688
Billy Southworth
Won 1942 World Series

1942 [31]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
104
50
.675
Leo Durocher
Finished 2nd in NL

1942 [31]
New York Yankees
AL
103
51
.669
Joe McCarthy
Lost 1942 World Series

1943 [32]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
49
.682
Billy Southworth
Lost 1943 World Series

1944 [33]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
49
.682
Billy Southworth
Won 1944 World Series

1946 [34]
Boston Red Sox
AL
104
50
.675
Joe Cronin
Lost 1946 World Series

1953 [35]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
105
49
.682
Chuck Dressen
Lost 1953 World Series

1954 [36]
Cleveland Indians
AL
111
43
.721
Al López
Lost 1954 World Series

1954 [36]
New York Yankees
AL
103
51
.669
Casey Stengel
Finished 2nd in AL

1961 [37]
New York Yankees
AL
109
53
.673
Ralph Houk
Won 1961 World Series

1961 [37]
Detroit Tigers
AL
101
61
.623
Bob Scheffing
Finished 2nd in AL

1962 [38]
San Francisco Giants
NL
103
62
.624
Al Dark
Lost 1962 World Series

1962 [38]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
102
63
.618
Walter Alston
Finished 2nd in NL

1963 [39]
New York Yankees
AL
104
57
.646
Ralph Houk
Lost 1963 World Series

1965 [40]
Minnesota Twins
AL
102
60
.630
Sam Mele
Lost 1965 World Series

1967 [41]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
60
.627
Red Schoendienst
Won 1967 World Series

1968 [42]
Detroit Tigers
AL
103
59
.636
Mayo Smith
Won 1968 World Series

1969 [43]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
109
53
.673
Earl Weaver
Lost 1969 World Series

1969 [43]
New York Mets
NL
100
62
.617
Gil Hodges
Won 1969 World Series

1970 [44]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
108
54
.667
Earl Weaver
Won 1970 World Series

1970 [44]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
102
60
.630
Sparky Anderson
Lost 1970 World Series

1971 [45]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
101
57
.639
Earl Weaver
Lost 1971 World Series

1971 [45]
Oakland Athletics
AL
101
60
.627
Dick Williams
Lost 1971 ALCS

1974 [46]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
102
60
.630
Walter Alston
Lost 1974 World Series

1975 [47]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
108
54
.667
Sparky Anderson
Won 1975 World Series

1976 [48]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
102
60
.630
Sparky Anderson
Won 1976 World Series

1976 [48]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
101
61
.623
Danny Ozark
Lost 1976 NLCS

1977 [49]
Kansas City Royals
AL
102
60
.630
Whitey Herzog
Lost 1977 ALCS

1977 [49]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
101
61
.623
Danny Ozark
Lost 1977 NLCS

1977 [49]
New York Yankees
AL
100
62
.617
Billy Martin
Won 1977 World Series

1978 [50]
New York Yankees
AL
100
63
.613
Billy Martin, Dick Howser, & Bob Lemon
Won 1978 World Series

1979 [51]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
102
57
.642
Earl Weaver
Lost 1979 World Series

1980 [52]
New York Yankees
AL
103
59
.636
Dick Howser
Lost 1980 ALCS

1980 [52]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
100
62
.617
Earl Weaver
Finished 2nd in AL East

1984 [53]
Detroit Tigers
AL
104
58
.642
Sparky Anderson
Won 1984 World Series

1985 [54]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
61
.623
Whitey Herzog
Lost 1985 World Series

1986 [55]
New York Mets
NL
108
54
.667
Davey Johnson
Won 1986 World Series

1988 [56]
Oakland Athletics
AL
104
58
.642
Tony La Russa
Lost 1988 World Series

1988 [56]
New York Mets
NL
100
60
.625
Davey Johnson
Lost 1988 NLCS

1990 [57]
Oakland Athletics
AL
103
59
.636
Tony La Russa
Lost 1990 World Series

1993 [58]
Atlanta Braves
NL
104
58
.642
Bobby Cox
Lost 1993 NLCS

1993 [58]
San Francisco Giants
NL
103
59
.636
Dusty Baker
Finished 2nd in NL West

1995 [59]
Cleveland Indians
AL
100
44
.694
Mike Hargrove
Lost 1995 World Series

1997 [60]
Atlanta Braves
NL
101
61
.623
Bobby Cox
Lost 1997 NLCS

1998 [61]
New York Yankees
AL
114
48
.704
Joe Torre
Won 1998 World Series

1998 [61]
Atlanta Braves
NL
106
56
.654
Bobby Cox
Lost 1998 NLCS

1998 [61]
Houston Astros
NL
102
60
.630
Larry Dierker
Lost 1998 NLDS

1999 [62]
Atlanta Braves
NL
103
59
.636
Bobby Cox
Lost 1999 World Series

1999 [62]
Arizona Diamondbacks
NL
100
62
.617
Buck Showalter
Lost 1999 NLDS

2001 [63]
Seattle Mariners
AL
116
46
.716
Lou Piniella
Lost 2001 ALCS

2001 [63]
Oakland Athletics
AL
102
60
.630
Art Howe
Lost 2001 ALDS

2002 [64]
New York Yankees
AL
103
58
.640
Joe Torre
Lost 2002 ALDS

2002 [64]
Oakland Athletics
AL
103
59
.636
Art Howe
Lost 2002 ALDS

2002 [64]
 Atlanta Braves
NL
101
59
.631
Bobby Cox
Lost 2002 NLDS

2003 [65]
New York Yankees
AL
101
61
.623
Joe Torre
Lost 2003 World Series

2003 [65]
 Atlanta Braves
NL
101
61
.623
Bobby Cox
Lost 2003 NLDS

2003 [65]
 San Francisco Giants
NL
100
61
.621
Felipe Alou
Lost 2003 NLDS

2004 [66]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
57
.648
Tony La Russa
Lost 2004 World Series

2004 [66]
New York Yankees
AL
101
61
.623
Joe Torre
Lost 2004 ALCS

2005 [67]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
100
62
.617
Tony La Russa
Lost 2005 NLCS

2008 [68]
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
AL
100
62
.617
Mike Scoscia
Lost 2008 ALDS

2009 [69]
New York Yankees
AL
103
59
.636
Joe Girardi
Won 2009 World Series

2011 [70]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
102
60
.630
Charlie Manuel
Lost 2011 NLDS

2015 [71]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
100
62
.617
Mike Matheny
Lost 2015 NLDS

2016 [72]
Chicago Cubs
NL
103
58
.640
Joe Maddon
Won 2016 World Series

2017 [73]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
104
58
.642
Dave Roberts
Lost 2017 World Series

2017 [73]
 Cleveland Indians
AL
102
60
.630
Terry Francona
Lost 2017 ALDS

2017 [73]
Houston Astros
AL
101
61
.623
A. J. Hinch
Won 2017 World Series

2018 [74]

Boston Red Sox

AL

108

54

.667

Alex Cora

Won 2018 World Series

2018 [74]

Houston Astros

AL

103

59

.636

A. J. Hinch

Lost 2018 ALCS

2018 [74]

New York Yankees

AL

100

62

.617

Aaron Boone

Lost 2018 ALDS


document_title: List of most polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

question_text: which city has the most air pollution in the world

root

text: This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement whose measurement is greater than or equal to the air quality guideline (AQG) of 10[1] as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2008 to 2015, with the majority of values being more recent than 2013. The 2016 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 3000 towns and cities in 103 countries. Air quality in the database is represented by the annual mean concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5, i.e. particles smaller than 10 or 2.5 micrometres, respectively).[2][3][4]

tag: p

text:
Position
Country
Town/City
PM2.5
PM2.5 Year
PM10
PM10 Year

1
Iran
Zabol
217
2012
527
2012

2
India
Gwalior
176
2012
329
2012

3
India
Allahabad
170
2012
317
2012

4
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
156
2014
368
2014

5
Saudi Arabia
Al Jubail
152
2014
359
2014

6
India
Patna
149
2013
167
2012

7
India
Raipur
144
2012
268
2012

8
Cameroon
Bamenda
132
2012
141
2012

9
China
Xingtai
128
2014
193
2014

10
China
Baoding
126
2014
190
2014

11
India
Delhi
122
2013
229
2012

12
India
Ludhiana
122
2012
228
2012

13
China
Shijiazhuang
121
2014
305
2013

14
Saudi Arabia
Dammam
121
2014
286
2014

15
India
Kanpur
115
2012
215
2012

16
India
Khanna
114
2012
213
2012

17
India
Firozabad
113
2012
212
2012

18
India
Lucknow
113
2012
211
2012

19
China
Handan
112
2014
169
2014

20
Pakistan
Peshawar
111
2010
540
2010

21
India
Amritsar
108
2012
202
2012

22
India
Gobindgarh
108
2012
201
2012

23
Pakistan
Rawalpindi
107
2010
448
2010

24
China
Hengshui
107
2014
161
2014

25
Bangladesh
Narayangonj
106
2014
191
2014

26
Iran
Bushehr
105
2010
255
2010

27
India
Agra
105
2012
196
2012

28
Uganda
Kampala
104
2013
170
2013

29
China
Tangshan
102
2014
153
2014

30
India
Jodhpur
101
2012
189
2012

31
India
Dehradun
100
2012
188
2012

32
India
Jaipur
100
2012
187
2012

33
India
Howrah
100
2012
186
2012

34
India
Ahmedabad
100
2013
83
2012

35
India
Faridabad
98
2012
184
2012

36
Saudi Arabia
Yanbu
97
2014
230
2014

37
China
Langfang
96
2014
144
2014

38
Iran
Ahvaz
95
2010
231
2010

39
India
Dhanbad
95
2012
178
2012

40
Bangladesh
Chittagong
95
2014
135
2014

41
India
Bhopal
93
2012
173
2012

42
Qatar
Doha
93
2012
168
2012

43
Nigeria
Kaduna
90
2013
423
2013

44
India
Khurja
90
2012
168
2012

45
Bangladesh
Dhaka
90
2014
158
2014

46
Bangladesh
Gazipur
89
2014
155
2014

47
Pakistan
Karachi
88
2009
290
2009

48
Kuwait
Al Shuwaikh
88
2014
212
2014

49
Iraq
Baghdad
88
2015
208
2015

50
China
Cangzhou
88
2014
133
2014

51
India
Raebareli
87
2012
163
2012

52
China
Tianjin
87
2014
150
2013

53
Afghanistan
Kabul
86
2009
260
2009

54
China
Zhengzhou
86
2014
171
2013

55
Qatar
Al Wakrah
85
2012
152
2012

56
Bangladesh
Barisal
85
2014
142
2014

57
China
Beijing
85
2014
108
2013

58
India
Kota
84
2012
156
2012

59
India
Udaipur
83
2012
155
2012

60
India
Alwar
81
2012
152
2012

61
Republic of Macedonia
Tetovo
81
2013
140
2013

62
China
Wuhan
80
2014
124
2013

63
India
Chandrapur
79
2012
148
2012

64
China
Anyang
79
2014
119
2014

65
China
Hefei
79
2014
115
2013

66
Myanmar
Pyin Oo Lwin
78
2012
140
2012

67
China
Shouguang
78
2014
117
2014

68
Egypt
Greater Cairo
76
2013
179
2013

69
India
Indore
76
2012
143
2012

70
Myanmar
Taungoo
76
2013
137
2013

71
Myanmar
Kyaukphyu
76
2009
136
2009

72
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
75
2010
165
2010

73
India
Jalandhar
75
2012
140
2012

74
Kuwait
Ali Subah Al-Salem
74
2014
179
2014

75
Saudi Arabia
Makkah
74
2014
176
2014

76
India
Akola
74
2012
139
2012

77
India
Varanasi
74
2012
138
2012

78
China
Jingzhou
74
2014
112
2014

79
China
Changsha
74
2014
94
2013

80
India
Noida
73
2012
136
2012

81
China
Nanjing
72
2014
137
2013

82
China
Shenyang
72
2014
129
2013

83
Egypt
Delta region
71
2013
167
2013

84
China
Chengdu
71
2014
150
2013

85
Myanmar
Namkham
71
2012
127
2012

86
China
Harbin
71
2014
119
2013

87
China
Xi'an
70
2014
189
2013

88
India
Jalgaon
70
2012
130
2012

89
China
Kaifeng
70
2014
106
2014

90
China
Yichang
70
2014
106
2014

91
China
Pingdingshan
70
2014
105
2014

92
China
Xiangtan
70
2014
105
2014

93
China
Yangquan
70
2014
105
2014

94
India
Meerut
69
2012
129
2012

95
Myanmar
Mawlamyaing
69
2012
124
2012

96
China
Zhuzhou
69
2014
105
2014

97
Afghanistan
Mazar-e Sharif
68
2009
334
2009

98
Pakistan
Lahore
68
2010
198
2010

99
Kuwait
Al-Mansouriya
68
2014
165
2014

100
Saudi Arabia
Jeddah
68
2014
161
2014

101
China
Jiaozuo
68
2014
103
2014

102
China
Laiwu
68
2014
103
2014

103
China
Jiangyin
68
2014
102
2014

104
China
Suqian
68
2014
102
2014

105
China
Weinan
68
2014
102
2014

106
China
Taiyuan
67
2014
157
2013

107
Mauritius
Beau Bassin/Rose Hill, Coromandel
67
2011
131
2011

108
India
Raniganj
67
2012
126
2012

109
Myanmar
Yenanchaung
67
2009
120
2009

110
Turkey
Batman
67
2012
109
2012

111
Turkey
Hakkari
67
2012
109
2012

112
Cameroon
Bafoussam
67
2012
105
2012

113
China
Changzhi
67
2014
101
2014

114
China
Wuxi
67
2014
101
2014

115
Nigeria
Onitsha
66
2009
594
2009

116
Bahrain
Hamad Town
66
2012
318
2012

117
Pakistan
Islamabad
66
2011
217
2011

118
Turkey
Gaziantep
66
2012
108
2012

119
China
Xuzhou
66
2014
100
2014

120
China
Zhenjiang
66
2014
99
2014

121
Saudi Arabia
Medina
65
2014
153
2014

122
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tuzla
65
2010
106
2010

123
China
Changzhou
65
2014
99
2014

124
China
Anshan
65
2014
98
2014

125
China
Baoji
65
2014
98
2014

126
China
Huai'an
65
2014
98
2014

127
China
Liuzhou
65
2014
98
2014

128
China
Xianyang
65
2014
98
2014

129
China
Jurong
65
2014
97
2014

130
China
Yangzhou
65
2014
97
2014

131
Bahrain
Ma'ameer
64
2012
257
2012

132
Kuwait
Al-Ahmadi
64
2014
168
2014

133
Kuwait
Al-Salam
64
2014
153
2014

134
China
Urumqi
64
2014
146
2013

135
China
Changchun
64
2014
130
2013

136
India
Navi Mumbai
64
2012
120
2012

137
India
Jammu
64
2012
119
2012

138
China
Shaoxing
64
2014
105
2013

139
China
Suzhou
64
2014
97
2014

140
China
Tongchuan
64
2014
97
2014

141
China
Zigong
64
2014
97
2014

142
China
Sanmenxia
64
2014
96
2014

143
Chile
Coyhaique
64
2014
75
2014

144
India
Bangalore
63
2012
118
2012

145
India
Mumbai
63
2013
117
2012

146
China
Huzhou
63
2014
111
2013

147
China
Jinhua
63
2014
99
2013

148
China
Liaocheng
63
2014
96
2014

149
China
Xining
62
2014
163
2013

150
United Arab Emirates
Al Gharbia - Bida Zayed
62
2013
146
2013

151
China
Linfen
62
2014
94
2014

152
Bangladesh
Sylhet
61
2014
170
2014

153
United Arab Emirates
Al Gharbia - Gayathi
61
2013
145
2013

154
India
Kolkata
61
2014
135
2012

155
Bangladesh
Khulna
61
2014
109
2014

156
China
Chongqing
61
2014
106
2013

157
China
Hangzhou
61
2014
106
2013

158
Turkey
Siirt
61
2012
101
2012

159
China
Lianyungang
61
2014
92
2014

160
China
Wuhu
61
2014
92
2014

161
China
Taizhou
61
2014
82
2013

162
South Africa
Hartebeespoort
60
2014
119
2014

163
Turkey
Afyon
60
2012
98
2012

164
China
Heze
60
2014
91
2014

165
China
Qinhuangdao
60
2014
91
2014

166
China
Zhangjiagang
60
2014
91
2014

167
China
Fuyang
60
2014
90
2014

168
China
Nantong
60
2014
90
2014

169
India
Chandigarh
59
2012
110
2012

170
India
Jhansi
59
2012
110
2012

171
India
Kolhapur
59
2012
110
2012

172
China
Dezhou
59
2014
90
2014

173
China
Wafangdian
59
2014
88
2014

174
China
Yiwu
59
2014
88
2014

175
China
Zhuji
59
2014
88
2014

176
India
Hyderabad
59
2014
79
2012

177
Bahrain
Nabih Saleh
58
2012
244
2012

178
China
Lanzhou
58
2014
153
2013

179
Kuwait
Al-Rumaithyia
58
2014
141
2014

180
India
Rishikesh
58
2012
109
2012

181
India
Sibsagar
58
2012
109
2012

182
India
Durgapur
58
2012
108
2012

183
China
Pingdu
58
2014
88
2014

184
China
Korla
58
2014
87
2014

185
China
Lin'an
58
2014
87
2014

186
India
Angul
57
2012
106
2012

187
China
Quzhou
57
2014
94
2013

188
Turkey
Karaman
57
2012
93
2012

189
China
Maanshan
57
2014
87
2014

190
China
Nanchong
57
2014
86
2014

191
China
Yancheng
57
2014
86
2014

192
United Arab Emirates
Al Gharbia - Liwa Oasis
56
2013
133
2013

193
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
56
2013
132
2013

194
China
Jiaxing
56
2014
94
2013

195
China
Luoyang
56
2014
85
2014

196
China
Panjin
56
2014
85
2014

197
China
Wujiang
56
2014
85
2014

198
China
Dalian
56
2014
84
2014

199
China
Huludao
56
2014
84
2014

200
China
Laixi
56
2014
84
2014

201
China
Laizhou
56
2014
84
2014

202
China
Linyi
56
2014
84
2014

203
India
Bhilai
55
2012
103
2012

204
India
Nagda
55
2012
103
2012

205
India
Nagpur
55
2012
103
2012

206
India
Vadodara
55
2012
102
2012

207
China
Zhaoqing
55
2014
85
2013

208
China
Jinzhou
55
2014
84
2014

209
China
Guilin
55
2014
83
2014

210
China
Taian
55
2014
83
2014

211
China
Taicang
55
2014
82
2014

212
China
Zhaoyuan
55
2014
82
2014

213
China
Zibo
55
2014
82
2014

214
Jordan
Al-Zarqa
54
2015
128
2015

215
India
Jamnagar
54
2012
101
2012

216
India
Amravati
54
2012
100
2012

217
India
Vapi
54
2012
100
2012

218
Turkey
Igdir
54
2012
88
2012

219
China
Benxi
54
2014
81
2014

220
China
Dongying
54
2014
81
2014

221
China
Jining
54
2014
81
2014

222
China
Yixing
54
2014
81
2014

223
Iran
Kermanshah
53
2011
130
2011

224
India
Anklesvar
53
2012
100
2012

225
India
Baddi
53
2012
99
2012

226
India
Rajkot
53
2012
99
2012

227
China
Binzhou
53
2014
80
2014

228
China
Changde
53
2014
80
2014

229
China
Chengde
53
2014
80
2014

230
China
Fushun
53
2014
80
2014

231
China
Jiaonan
53
2014
79
2014

232
China
Jiaozhou
53
2014
79
2014

233
China
Jinan
52
2014
199
2013

234
United Arab Emirates
Al Ain
52
2013
123
2013

235
India
Rourkela
52
2012
98
2012

236
India
Surat
52
2012
97
2012

237
Turkey
Isparta
52
2012
86
2012

238
Turkey
Duzce
52
2012
85
2012

239
China
Shanghai
52
2014
84
2013

240
China
Liyang
52
2014
78
2014

241
China
Yibin
52
2014
78
2014

242
India
Nashik
51
2012
95
2012

243
Myanmar
Nyaung Oo
51
2013
91
2013

244
Turkey
Bitlis
51
2012
84
2012

245
China
Baotou
51
2014
77
2014

246
China
Haimen
51
2014
77
2014

247
China
Jimo
51
2014
77
2014

248
South Africa
Pretoria]
51
2014
63
2014

249
Myanmar
Kyauk Pa Taung
50
2013
89
2013

250
Turkey
Cankiri
50
2012
83
2012

251
Turkey
Muş
50
2012
83
2012

252
Turkey
Osmaniye
50
2012
82
2012

253
Turkey
Sakarya
50
2012
82
2012

254
China
Jilin
50
2014
76
2014

255
China
Luzhou
50
2014
75
2014

256
China
Mudanjiang
50
2014
75
2014

257
Nigeria
Aba
49
2009
373
2009

258
Kuwait
Al-Jahra
49
2014
117
2014

259
China
Nanchang
49
2014
116
2013

260
India
Dewas
49
2012
92
2012

261
India
Guwahati
49
2012
92
2012

262
India
Pune
49
2012
92
2012

263
Nepal
Kathmandu
49
2013
88
2013

264
China
Guiyang
49
2014
85
2013

265
Turkey
Bolu
49
2012
80
2012

266
Turkey
Nigde
49
2012
80
2012

267
China
Changshu
49
2014
74
2014

268
China
Dandong
49
2014
74
2014

269
China
Zunyi
49
2014
74
2014

270
China
Weifang
49
2014
73
2014

271
China
Yueyang
49
2014
73
2014

272
Cameroon
Yaoundé
49
2012
65
2012

273
India
Silchar
48
2012
91
2012

274
India
Dimapur
48
2012
90
2012

275
Peru
Lima
48
2013
88
2013

276
China
Shaoguan
48
2014
73
2014

277
China
Yan'an
48
2014
73
2014

278
China
Zaozhuang
48
2014
73
2014

279
China
Guangzhou
48
2014
72
2013

280
China
Jintan
48
2014
72
2014

281
China
Rushan
48
2014
72
2014

282
China
Yinchuan
47
2014
118
2013

283
Kuwait
Al-Mutla
47
2014
114
2014

284
Iran
Hamadan
47
2013
114
2013

285
Iran
Pakdasht
47
2013
113
2013

286
China
Nanning
47
2014
90
2013

287
India
Naya Nangal
47
2012
89
2012

288
Turkey
Burdur
47
2012
78
2012

289
Turkey
Ankara
47
2012
77
2012

290
Turkey
Kayseri
47
2012
77
2012

291
Turkey
Kutahya
47
2012
77
2012

292
China
Zhangjiajie
47
2014
71
2014

293
China
Zhangqiu
47
2014
71
2014

294
Kuwait
Saad Al-Abdullah
46
2014
112
2014

295
Iran
Isfahan
46
2012
111
2012

296
China
Qingdao
46
2014
106
2013

297
China
Wenzhou
46
2014
94
2013

298
China
Kunshan
46
2014
69
2014

299
China
Penglai
46
2014
69
2014

300
China
Wendeng
46
2014
69
2014

301
Iran
Yasuj
45
2013
109
2013

302
Iran
Shiraz
45
2012
108
2012

303
China
Ningbo
45
2014
86
2013

304
Turkey
Edirne
45
2012
74
2012

305
Republic of Macedonia
Skopje
45
2013
74
2013

306
Turkey
Çorum
45
2012
73
2012

307
Turkey
Denizli
45
2012
73
2012

308
China
Deyang
45
2014
68
2014

309
Bahrain
Ras Hayan
44
2012
250
2012

310
Nigeria
Owerri
44
2009
158
2009

311
Kuwait
Al-Fahaheel
44
2014
107
2014

312
Brazil
Santa Gertrudes
44
2014
95
2014

313
Philippines
Baguio City
44
2013
84
2013

314
China
Foshan
44
2014
83
2013

315
India
Solapur
44
2012
83
2012

316
India
Balasore
44
2012
82
2012

317
India
Kohima
44
2012
82
2012

318
Bolivia
La Paz
44
2013
82
2013

319
India
Nalbari
44
2012
82
2012

320
India
Ramagundam
44
2012
82
2012

321
Myanmar
Sintgaing
44
2009
80
2009

322
Myanmar
Thaungtha
44
2009
80
2009

323
Turkey
Urfa
44
2012
72
2012

324
Turkey
Adiyaman
44
2012
71
2012

325
China
Mianyang
44
2014
66
2014

326
India
Chennai
44
2014
57
2012

327
China
Hohhot
43
2014
146
2013

328
Iran
Robatkarim
43
2013
105
2013

329
India
Bhubaneswar
43
2012
81
2012

330
India
Korba
43
2012
81
2012

331
India
Aurangabad
43
2012
80
2012

332
India
Berhampur
43
2012
80
2012

333
India
Parwanoo
43
2012
80
2012

334
India
Sangli
43
2012
80
2012

335
India
Ujjain
43
2012
80
2012

336
Bhutan
Thimphu
43
2012
78
2012

337
China
Jiangmen
43
2014
77
2013

338
Turkey
Aydin
43
2012
71
2012

339
Turkey
Kahramanmaras
43
2012
71
2012

340
Turkey
Mugla
43
2012
71
2012

341
Turkey
Zonguldak
43
2012
71
2012

342
China
Lishui
43
2014
69
2013

343
China
Chaozhou
43
2014
65
2014

344
China
Dongguan
43
2014
65
2013

345
Poland
Pszczyna
43
2013
58
2013

346
Poland
Zywiec
43
2013
58
2013

347
Iran
Varamin
42
2013
102
2013

348
India
Nagaon
42
2012
79
2012

349
India
Nalgonda
42
2012
79
2012

350
Montenegro
Pljevlja
42
2014
77
2014

351
El Salvador
San Salvador
42
2014
77
2014

352
Myanmar
Kathar
42
2013
76
2013

353
Turkey
Diyarbakir
42
2012
69
2012

354
Turkey
Gumushane
42
2012
69
2012

355
Turkey
Tekirdag
42
2012
69
2012

356
Turkey
Uşak
42
2012
69
2012

357
Turkey
Malatya
42
2012
68
2012

358
China
Datong
42
2014
63
2014

359
China
Qingyuan
42
2014
63
2014

360
Bulgaria
Dimitrovgad
42
2013
59
2013

361
Bahrain
Hidd
41
2012
178
2012

362
Iran
Sanandaj
41
2010
100
2010

363
South Africa
Johannesburg
41
2011
85
2010

364
Turkey
Aksaray
41
2012
68
2012

365
Turkey
Kirikkale
41
2012
67
2012

366
China
Shizuishan
41
2014
62
2014

367
Guatemala
Guatemala
41
2013
56
2013

368
Colombia
La Estrella
41
2014
47
2014

369
Nigeria
Umuahia
40
2009
274
2009

370
India
Davanagere
40
2012
75
2012

371
India
Guntur
40
2012
75
2012

372
India
Trichy
40
2012
75
2012

373
India
Kurnool
40
2012
74
2012

374
Republic of Macedonia
Bitola
40
2013
69
2013

375
Iran
Tabriz
40
2013
68
2012

376
Turkey
Van
40
2012
65
2012

377
China
Yingkou
40
2014
61
2014

378
China
Beihai
40
2014
60
2014

379
China
Chifeng
40
2014
60
2014

380
China
Heyuan
40
2014
60
2014

381
China
Jieyang
40
2014
60
2014

382
China
Jiujiang
40
2014
60
2014

383
Poland
Rybnik
40
2013
53
2013

384
India
Thane
39
2012
73
2012

385
Turkey
Bayburt
39
2012
65
2012

386
Turkey
Konya
39
2012
65
2012

387
Poland
Opoczno
39
2013
53
2013

388
Poland
Sucha Beskidzka
39
2013
53
2013

389
Poland
Wodzislaw Slaski
39
2013
53
2013

390
Tunisia
Tunis
38
2010
90
2010

391
India
Kochi
38
2012
70
2012

392
China
Zhongshan
38
2014
66
2013

393
China
Rizhao
38
2014
57
2014

394
China
Rongcheng
38
2014
57
2014

395
China
Shantou
38
2014
57
2014

396
Bulgaria
Dolny Voden
38
2013
54
2013

397
Poland
Godow
38
2013
51
2013

398
Iran
Shahryar
37
2013
91
2013

399
Iran
Urmia
37
2011
91
2011

400
Iran
Sari
37
2012
90
2012

401
Tunisia
Sfax
37
2010
87
2010

402
Bangladesh
Rajshahi
37
2014
64
2014

403
Turkey
Ardahan
37
2012
61
2012

404
Madagascar
Antananarivo
37
2008
60
2008

405
Turkey
Bartin
37
2012
60
2012

406
Bulgaria
Montana
37
2013
52
2013

407
Poland
Krakow
37
2013
51
2013

408
Poland
Skawina
37
2013
50
2013

409
Mexico
Monterrey
36
2011
86
2011

410
Jordan
Amman
36
2015
68
2015

411
India
Coimbatore
36
2012
68
2012

412
India
Cuttack
36
2012
68
2012

413
India
Panaji
36
2012
67
2012

414
Sri Lanka
Colombo
36
2011
64
2011

415
China
Xiamen
36
2014
62
2013

416
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
36
2013
59
2013

417
Turkey
Kilis
36
2012
58
2012

418
China
Daqing
36
2014
54
2014

419
Bulgaria
Varna
36
2013
51
2013

420
Poland
Knurow
36
2013
48
2013

421
Poland
Niepolomice
36
2013
48
2013

422
Poland
Tuchow
36
2013
48
2013

423
Poland
Nowy Sacz
36
2013
45
2013

424
Oman
Muscat
35
2009
82
2009

425
India
Shillong
35
2012
65
2012

426
India
Vishakhapatnam
35
2012
65
2012

427
Chile
Padre las Casas
35
2014
64
2014

428
China
Huizhou
35
2014
59
2013

429
China
Zhuhai
35
2014
59
2013

430
Turkey
Trabzon
35
2012
58
2012

431
Turkey
Erzurum
35
2012
57
2012

432
Chile
Osorno
35
2014
54
2014

433
China
Qiqihar
35
2014
52
2014

434
Poland
Nowa Ruda
35
2013
47
2013

435
Poland
Wadowice
35
2013
47
2013

436
Poland
Zabrze
35
2013
47
2013

437
Poland
Gliwice
35
2013
46
2013

438
Poland
Katowice
35
2013
45
2013

439
Senegal
Dakar
34
2013
141
2013

440
China
Kunming
34
2014
82
2013

441
Tunisia
Bizerte
34
2010
80
2010

442
India
Singrauli
34
2012
64
2012

443
India
Kothagudem
34
2012
63
2012

444
China
Shenzhen
34
2014
61
2013

445
Bulgaria
Plovdiv
34
2013
59
2013

446
South Africa
Vereeniging
34
2014
58
2014

447
Turkey
Kocaeli
34
2012
55
2012

448
China
Meizhou
34
2014
51
2014

449
China
Nantou
34
2014
51
2014

450
China
Zhangjiakou
34
2014
51
2014

451
Poland
Brzeziny
34
2013
46
2013

452
Poland
Proszowice
34
2013
46
2013

453
Italy
Soresina
34
2013
42
2013

454
Poland
Bielsko Biala
34
2013
41
2013

455
Mexico
Toluca
33
2011
80
2011

456
Ecuador
Santo Domingo
33
2012
69
2012

457
India
Patiala
33
2012
63
2012

458
India
Nellore
33
2012
62
2012

459
Indonesia
Bandung
33
2014
59
2014

460
Myanmar
Meikhtilar
33
2013
59
2013

461
Turkey
Istanbul
33
2012
53
2012

462
China
Karamay
33
2014
50
2014

463
Bulgaria
Ruse
33
2013
47
2013

464
Bulgaria
Haskovo
33
2013
46
2013

465
Bulgaria
Pazardzhik
33
2013
46
2013

466
Czech Republic
Cesky Tesin
33
2013
45
2013

467
Czech Republic
Havirov
33
2013
45
2013

468
Poland
Zdunska Wola
33
2013
45
2013

469
Czech Republic
Orlová
33
2013
44
2013

470
Poland
Rawa Mazowiecka
33
2013
44
2013

471
Poland
Sosnowiec
33
2013
44
2013

472
Lebanon
Zahle
33
2014
40
2014

473
Poland
Kędzierzyn-Koźle
33
2013
39
2013

474
Italy
Settimo Torinese
33
2013
39
2013

475
Iran
Bojnord
32
2010
78
2010

476
Iran
Mashhad
32
2011
78
2011

477
Iran
Tehran
32
2014
77
2014

478
Ecuador
Milagro
32
2012
66
2012

479
Philippines
San Carlos City
32
2013
61
2013

480
Bolivia
Cochabamba
32
2014
60
2014

481
India
Salem
32
2012
60
2012

482
Thailand
Nakhon Sawan
32
2014
57
2014

483
Turkey
İçel
32
2012
53
2012

484
Turkey
Nevsehir
32
2012
53
2012

485
Turkey
Ordu
32
2012
53
2012

486
Turkey
Kars
32
2012
52
2012

487
China
Maoming
32
2014
49
2014

488
China
Changhua
32
2014
48
2014

489
China
Jinchang
32
2014
48
2014

490
China
Kinmen
32
2014
48
2014

491
China
Panzhihua
32
2014
48
2014

492
China
Quanzhou
32
2014
48
2014

493
China
Qujing
32
2014
48
2014

494
China
Yangjiang
32
2014
48
2014

495
Poland
Naklo
32
2013
44
2013

496
Poland
Dabrowa Gornicza
32
2013
43
2013

497
Poland
Jaroslaw
32
2013
43
2013

498
Czech Republic
Karvina
32
2013
43
2013

499
Poland
Tomaszow Mazowiecki
32
2013
43
2013

500
Poland
Tychy
32
2013
43
2013

tag: table


document_title: Federal Bureau of Narcotics

question_text: when was the federal bureau of narcotics (now the dea) established

question_tokens: when was the federal bureau of narcotics ( now the dea ) established

text: Federal Bureau of Narcotics

text: This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Federal Bureau of Narcotics
First Commissioner Harry J. AnslingerAgency overviewFormed
June 14, 1930; 88 years ago (1930-06-14)Jurisdiction
U.S. GovernmentParent agency
Department of JusticeOffice of the Director of National Intelligence

text: The Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) was an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury. Established in the Department of the Treasury by an act of June 14, 1930  consolidating the functions of the Federal Narcotics Control Board and the Narcotic Division. These older bureaus were established to assume enforcement responsibilities assigned to the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, 1914 and the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act, 1922.[1] (aka Jones-Miller Act)

text: Harry J. Anslinger was appointed its first commissioner by Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon under President Herbert Hoover. Under Anslinger, the bureau lobbied for harsh penalties for drug usage. The FBN is credited for criminalizing drugs such as cannabis with the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, as well as strengthening the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914. Even so, the main focus of the FBN was fighting opium and heroin smuggling. One instance against opium was The Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942.[2] To that end the FBN over time established several offices overseas in France, Italy, Turkey, Beirut, Thailand and other hotspots of international narcotics smuggling. These agents (never totaling more than 17) cooperated with local drug enforcement agencies in gathering intelligence on smugglers and also made undercover busts locally. The work against heroin and opium was however hamstrung by US foreign policy considerations: during the Vietnam War for instance great importance was placed on investigating minor Vietnamese smugglers that could be connected to the resistance while investigations of large scale smugglers from the US ally Thailand were left unfinished.

text: Anslinger retired in 1962 and was succeeded by Henry Giordano, who was the commissioner of the FBN until it was merged in 1968 with the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control, an agency of the Food and Drug Administration, to form the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, an agency of the United States Department of Justice. The BNDD was a predecessor agency of the current Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).


document_title: List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories

question_text: what do you call a person who lives in washington

text: This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states and territories of the United States.

text: List[edit]

text:
State, district or territory

Official(recommended by U.S. GPO)[1]

Official, unofficial, or informal alternatives

 Alabama
Alabamian
Alabaman[2][3]

 Alaska
Alaskan

 American Samoa†

American Samoan

 Arizona
Arizonan
Sand Cutter[4]

 Arkansas
Arkansan
Arkansawyer,[5] Arkie[6]

 California
Californian
Californio (archaic)

 Colorado
Coloradan
Coloradoan (archaic)[7][8]

 Connecticut
Connecticuter
Connecticotian,[9] Connecticutensian,[9] Nutmeg,[9] Nutmegger[9]

 Delaware
Delawarean
Blue Hen's Chicken,[10] Muskrat[10]

 District of Columbia†

Washingtonian

 Florida
Floridian
Alligator,[11] Cracker,[12] Fly-Up-the-Creek[11]

 Georgia
Georgian
Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[13]

 Guam†

Guamanian

 Hawaii
Hawaiian
Islander,[14] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[15]

 Idaho
Idahoan
Fortune Seekers[16]

 Illinois
Illinoisan
Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[17] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[18]

 Indiana
Hoosier
Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016)[1]

 Iowa
Iowan
Hawkeye[19]

 Kansas
Kansan
Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[20]

 Kentucky
Kentuckian
Corncracker[21]

 Louisiana
Louisianian

 Maine
Mainer
Down Easter or Downeaster,[22] Mainiac,[23]

 Maryland
Marylander

 Massachusetts
Massachusettsan
Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[24] Massachusettsian,[25] Massachusite,[26][27] Masshole (derogatory[28] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[29])

 Michigan
Michigander
Michigander,[30] Wolverine,[31][32] Michiganite,  Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[33] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[33]

 Minnesota
Minnesotan
Gopher

 Mississippi
Mississippian

 Missouri
Missourian

 Montana
Montanan

 Nebraska
Nebraskan

 Nevada
Nevadan

 New Hampshire
New Hampshirite
New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[34]

 New Jersey
New Jerseyan
Jerseyite, New Jerseyite

 New Mexico
New Mexican
Spanish: Neomexicano, Neomejicano[35]

 New York
New Yorker
Knickerbocker[36][37]

 North Carolina
North Carolinian
Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[38]

  North Dakota
North Dakotan

 Northern Mariana Islands†

Mariana Islander

 Ohio
Ohioan
Buckeye,[39] Ohian (obsolete)[40]

 Oklahoma
Oklahoman
Okie,[41] Sooner[42]

 Oregon
Oregonian

 Pennsylvania
Pennsylvanian
Pennamite,[43] Keystoner

 Puerto Rico†
Puerto Rican
Boricua[44]

 Rhode Island
Rhode Islander
Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[45]

 South Carolina
South Carolinian
Sandlapper[46]

 South Dakota
South Dakotan

 Tennessee
Tennessean
Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[47]

 Texas
Texan
Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[48] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic)

 Utah
Utahn
Utahan

 Vermont
Vermonter

 Virginia
Virginian

 Virgin Islands†

Virgin Islander

 Washington
Washingtonian

 West Virginia
West Virginian

 Wisconsin
Wisconsinite
Badger,[49] Cheesehead[50][51]

 Wyoming
Wyomingite
Wyomese[52]

text: † - Not officially a U.S. state, rather a U.S. territory or district.


document_title: Postal Index Number

question_text: when was pin code system introduced in india

text: Postal Index Number

text: History[edit]

text: The PIN Code system was introduced on 15 August 1972 by Shriram Bhikaji Velankar, an additional secretary in the Union Ministry of Communications.[2][3][4] The system was introduced to simplify the manual sorting and delivery of mail by eliminating confusion over incorrect addresses, similar place names and different languages used by the public.[5]

text: Postal zones[edit]

text: There are nine PIN zones in India, including eight regional zones and one functional zone (for the Indian Army). The first digit of the PIN code indicates the region. The second digit indicates the sub-region, and the third digit indicates the sorting district within the region. The final three digits are assigned to individual post offices.

text: The 9 PIN zones cover the Indian states and union territories as follows:

text:
1 - Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Chandigarh
2 - Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
3 - Rajasthan, Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4 - Maharashtra, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh
5 - Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
6 - Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadweep
7 - West Bengal, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Sikkim
8 - Bihar, Jharkhand
9 - Army Post office (APO) and Field Post office (FPO)

tag: ul

text: PIN numbering[edit]

text: Sorting district[edit]

text: The first three digits of the PIN represent a specific geographical region called a sorting district that is headquartered at the main post office of the largest city and is known as the sorting office. A state may have one or more sorting districts depending on the volumes of mail handled.

text:
PIN prefix
ISO 3166-2:IN(Vehicle Code)
Region

11
DL
Delhi

12 to 13
HR
Haryana(Kamania)

14 to 15
PB
Punjab

16
CH
Chandigarh

17
HP
Himachal Pradesh

18 to 19
JK
Jammu and Kashmir

20 to 28
UP, UT (UK)
Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand

30 to 34
RJ
Rajasthan

36 to 39
GJ
Gujarat

403
GA
Goa

40 to 44
MH
Maharashtra

45 to 48
MP
Madhya Pradesh

49
CT(CG)
Chhattisgarh

50
TG(TS)
Telangana

51 to 53
AP
Andhra Pradesh

56 to 59
KA
Karnataka

60 to 64
TN
Tamil Nadu

67 to 69
KL
Kerala

682
LD
Lakshadweep (Islands)

70 to 74
WB
West Bengal

737
SK
Sikkim

744
AN
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

75 to 76
OR(OD)
Odisha

78
AS
Assam

79
AR
Arunachal Pradesh

793, 794, 783123
ML
Meghalaya

795
MN
Manipur

796
MZ
Mizoram

797
NL
Nagaland

798
NL
Nagaland

799
TR
Tripura

80 to 85
BR, JH
Bihar and Jharkhand

90 to 99
APS
Army Postal Service

DD
Daman and Diu

DN
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

PY
Puducherry

text: Service route[edit]

text: The fourth digit represents the route on which a Delivery office is located in the sorting district.[5] This is 0 for offices in the core area of the sorting district.

text: Delivery office[edit]

text: The last two digits represent the delivery office within the sorting district starting from 01 which would be the GPO or HO. The numbering of the delivery office is done chronologically with higher numbers assigned to newer delivery offices. If the volume of mails handled at a delivery office is too large, a new delivery office is created and the next available PIN is assigned.[6] Thus two delivery offices situated next to each other will only have the first four digits in common.

text: Delivery system[edit]

text: Each PIN code is mapped to exactly one delivery post office which receives all the mail to be delivered to one or more lower offices within its jurisdiction, all of which share the same code. The delivery office can either be a General Post Office (GPO), a Head Office (HO) or Sub Office (SO) which are usually located in urban areas. The post from the delivery office is sorted and routed to other delivery offices for a different PIN or to one of the relevant sub offices or branch offices for the same PIN. Branch offices (BO) are located in rural areas and have limited postal services.[7]


document_title: Kingdom Hearts III

question_text: when is kingdom hearts 3 coming out in america

text: Kingdom Hearts III

text: Gameplay

text: Gameplay in Kingdom Hearts III is similar to its predecessors, with director Tetsuya Nomura stating that the combat would be along the lines of the system seen in Kingdom Hearts II, with an evolution similar to what was seen from Kingdom Hearts to Kingdom Hearts II, and closely tied to the gameplay in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance.[1][2][3] He also revealed that the handheld games of the series were where he could experiment with the combat, and that some of the well-received additions may appear in Kingdom Hearts III.[1][2] Nomura noted that new gameplay elements are the "skeleton" of the game, saying, "When creating a Kingdom Hearts game, we start with a gameplay system that I think would be a fun element, and once we have an idea of what kind of gameplay or system we want in place, we flesh out the story around it, surrounding the basic concept of what kind of fun we're going to have with this new installment."[4] Additionally, the development team "always want to try something new", taking previously introduced mechanics and making small "tweak[s]" to them so they are customized for Kingdom Hearts III.[5]

text: Sora returns as the main playable character, once again joined in the party by Donald Duck and Goofy,[6] with the ability to have two additional characters join the party for a total of five-player parties. This is an increase from previous main entries in the series, where players were limited to two additional party members at any given time along with Sora.[7] Another main playable character will be available in the game,[7] with King Mickey and multiplayer elements being considered.[1][2] Describing the gameplay, Nomura called the action "pretty frantic", as well as "really flashy and exciting. The enemy AI is a lot more intricate, too, and I think the gameplay will reflect that new dynamic balance."[8] Sora can perform magic, with a new, powerful tier of each spell available to him, similar to what Aqua has available to her in Kingdom Hearts 0.2: Birth by Sleep – A Fragmentary Passage.[9] Shotlocks also return,[10][11] first introduced in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, and uses a focus meter that can target and lock on to individual enemies.[12][13]

text: New gameplay elements include new enemy types, traversal elements such as wall running and jumping, summons, Keyblade transformations, and team-up attacks, which combine Sora, Donald, and Goofy into one attack.[14][15][16] Sora faces Heartless, Nobodies, and the Unversed in the game,[17][18] while Dream Eaters also make an appearance.[19][20] In addition to these traditional "smaller" enemies, the player will face giant bosses, which give "Sora greater freedom of movement and room to experiment with attacks—including the new theme-park-ride summon attacks,"[4] known as "Attraction Flow",[21] such as "Mad Tea Party",[15] "Big Magic Mountain", "Pirate Ship",[22][23] and "Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters".[17] Sora also has the ability to jump on certain enemies, such as ones shaped like a vehicle,[8] and mechs, which are called Gigas.[24] Regarding traversal, Nomura noted the new mechanic, called "Athletic Flow" in Japanese, was refined from the Flowmotion mechanic from Dream Drop Distance, which players felt was "a little too free... and it was kind of hard to control on their end."[25] "Athletic Flow" allows the player to utilize the environment to access previously unreachable areas.[26]

text: Situation Commands return from previous entries,[10] which can trigger the Keyblade transformations. Nomura revealed that Keyblade transformations were conceived as early as the development of Kingdom Hearts II: Final Mix and would be similar to Aqua's ability in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, saying, "Each Keyblade transformation is unlocked by clearing all missions in one of [the game's] worlds, and each individual world offers its own unique Keyblade transformation."[4][27] He further elaborated stating there were two forms each Keyblade can take, with "multiple layers in terms of transforming" starting with one transformation and achieving the second after "successfully connect[ing] your combos".[26] One of the available forms, the default weapon's "Second Form", changes Sora's battle skills rather than transform the Keyblade.[28] The Keyblade transformations have also been referred to as "Drive Forms", a term which was used for a similar mechanic in Kingdom Hearts II.[29]

text: The Gummi Ship also returns as a means of travel between the different worlds of the game.[5] The mechanic has been split into two phases: exploration and combat. Exploration has been likened to being more open-world, while the combat has increased its scale from previous games, with more enemies present.[30]

text: Story

text:
Kingdom Hearts
chronology

Back Cover
(Unchained / Union) χ
Birth by Sleep
A Fragmentary Passage
Kingdom Hearts
Chain of Memories
358/2 Days
II
Coded
Dream Drop Distance
III

v
t
e

text: Setting

text: Most of the worlds featured in the game based on Disney properties are new to the series,[16][31] such as the Tangled-themed Kingdom of Corona,[14][32] the Big Hero 6-themed San Fransokyo,[33][34] and worlds based on Pixar films Toy Story and Monsters, Inc..[35][30] Returning worlds also appear,[31] such as the Hercules-themed Olympus,[34] Yen Sid's Mysterious Tower,[36] and the realm of darkness.[37] Twilight Town, which also returns,[38] serves as a tutorial stage at the beginning of the game.[28]

text: Nomura revealed the Tangled world was the first determined to be in the game, as the development team wanted to include Rapunzel due to her strong personality and her hair, saying, "she is able to utilize her hair in such a way where she's whipping it around. She can even use it for attacks, and that was just so appealing, and we thought it would make for such great gameplay".[21] The Big Hero 6 and Toy Story worlds feature an original story, with the former set after the events of the film,[39][33] and the latter set between the events of Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3. This is different from previous worlds, which loosely follow plot lines from the films on which they are based.[24] Members of Pixar Animation Studios assisted with the Toy Story world's creation.[24][35] On the amount of worlds featured in the game, Nomura noted the development team focused on creating "rich gameplay in an individual world... designed so players can take their time and enjoy the gameplay that's available" opposed to having "multiple different little worlds".[24] The game will not feature any worlds based on Final Fantasy.[40]

text: Since the release of Kingdom Hearts II in 2005, The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar, Marvel Entertainment, and Lucasfilm. When asked if any of these properties would appear in Kingdom Hearts III, Nomura said he contacts Disney after he hears of an acquisition, though he noted that "Disney's pretty honest [on the possibility of an inclusion]. If the situation is really difficult, they'll say, it's really difficult. If it's impossible, they'll say it's impossible."[41] He later stated that even though the Disney Company had acquired these properties, Disney Interactive Studios may not necessarily have the ability to license the content due to existing deals, such as Disney's deal with Electronic Arts for Star Wars games.[42] Co-director Tai Yasue added that they were "looking at all of Disney, the new ones as well" when choosing worlds for the game, including worlds based on Marvel Comics and Star Wars. He expanded, saying, "We have to come up with a world that has a lot of originality. We want variety... so we don't want too many of one sort of world, that would look the same. For each world there has to be some meaning for it, in the plot... Also, gameplay-wise, is that world something that would make gameplay fun?"[43] In July 2015, at D23 Expo 2015, the Marvel world based on Big Hero 6 was revealed.[33] Two years later, at D23 Expo 2017, the Toy Story world was revealed to be part of the game.[35] Nomura had hoped to include a Toy Story world in the franchise since Kingdom Hearts II, saying he felt "Sora really fit in and matched well with that world" and being "able to execute that into the game is something I'm really excited for."[24] The second Pixar world in the game, based on Monsters, Inc., was revealed at D23 Expo Japan 2018.[30]

text: Characters

text: Sora returns as the protagonist of the game, while supporting characters Riku,[31] Kairi,[25] Donald Duck, Goofy, King Mickey,[31] Master Eraqus,[21] and Lea also return.[25] Returning antagonists include Master Xehanort[31] and his various forms—his Heartless, Ansem; his Nobody, Xemnas;[44] and his youthful incarnation, Young Xehanort—[45] Marluxia, Vanitas,[30] and Disney characters Maleficent and Pete.[6] Disney characters who serve as members of Sora's party include the returning Hercules,[6] and new to the series, Rapunzel and Flynn Rider,[46] Woody and Buzz Lightyear,[35] and Sulley and Mike Wazowski.[30] Characters that appear as summons for Sora include Ariel from The Little Mermaid.[46]

text: Additional Disney character appearances include Hades,[6] with new characters Baymax,[33] Hamm, Rex,[35] Sarge and the Bucket O' Soldiers,[34] the Squeeze Toy Aliens,[47] and Boo joining.[30]

text: Premise

text: Continuing from Dream Drop Distance,[8] Sora, Donald, and Goofy attempt to search for seven guardians of light and the "Key to Return Hearts", while King Mickey and Riku search for previous Keyblade wielders, in an attempt to stop Master Xehanort's plan to balance the light and darkness,[31] which may ultimately lead to the final showdown between Sora and Master Xehanort.[27] By the start of the game, Sora has completed his Mark of Mastery, which he was attempting to do at the end of Dream Drop Distance.[4]

text: Kingdom Hearts III will serve as the final chapter of the "Dark Seeker/Xehanort" saga,[8][48] with Nomura revealing that the plot of the game will pick up "immediately after the events of Dream Drop Distance." He also added that the plot will examine the seven lights and thirteen darknesses coming together for the final battle, but that everyone that is expected to fulfill these roles may not.[23]

text: Development

text: After Square Enix finished development of Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix, Tetsuya Nomura was approached by Disney, who expressed interest in a sequel. In regard to a possible release of Kingdom Hearts III, Nomura said "We have various ideas, but we're not at the point where we can say that." He added that due to the development of Final Fantasy XV—titled Final Fantasy Versus XIII at the time—"it's physically impossible at the present. I feel that it's not the right time to talk about the future of Kingdom Hearts."[49] In response to questions about the secret film in Final Mix, Nomura noted that it was of a "new series" in Kingdom Hearts rather than Kingdom Hearts III. When asked about Kingdom Hearts III, Nomura noted that fans and partners alike were interested in its release, and would work to "realize it" as soon as possible.[50] In the Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Ultimania guide book, Nomura announced three upcoming titles, one of which was Kingdom Hearts III. However, Final Fantasy XV was still his primary focus, preventing him from starting production on Kingdom Hearts III.[51] He later noted that Kingdom Hearts III would not see a release until after 2012, due to his continuing work on Final Fantasy XV, regardless of the 10th anniversary of the series occurring in that year.[52] The Nintendo 3DS video game Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance was announced to connect to Kingdom Hearts III, both in terms of gameplay system and story.[53]

text: Sony announced Kingdom Hearts III for the PlayStation 4 with a teaser trailer at its E3 2013 event in June 2013.[54] Square Enix later confirmed the game's cross-platform release for the Xbox One as a port of the PlayStation 4 version.[55][56] Unlike Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II, which were developed by Square Enix's Product Development Division 1 team, Kingdom Hearts III was developed by Square Enix's 1st Production Department, who developed Birth by Sleep, Dream Drop Distance, and worked on the HD 1.5 Remix collection and Square Enix's Business Division 3.[57][58] Rie Nishi serves as the game's producer.[59] Directly after E3 2013, Nomura claimed that Kingdom Hearts III was announced "too early", based on where the game stood in development. He continued by saying, "Many fans were feeling impatient due to our continuous releases of spin-off titles, so we decided to announce it at the same time as Final Fantasy XV".[60] Kingdom Hearts III is not intended to be the final game in the series.[48]

text: Series producer Shinji Hashimoto stated in September 2013 that as both Kingdom Hearts III and Final Fantasy XV are directed by Nomura, it is expected that there would be a significant gap between the release of the two, "as [they] want each game to be perfect in terms of quality." Hashimoto also reiterated Nomura's statements about the game's announcement at E3 2013, as "the company thought it was about time it addressed speculation about the long-awaited conclusion to the trilogy."[61] In early 2014, Haley Joel Osment, the English voice of Sora in the series, stated he had been in talks with the development team after the announcement and, assuming he would be back. He added that since dialogue was one of the last parts of the process, he believed he would not begin until mid-2014 at the earliest.[62]

text: A short teaser for the game appeared at the end of the Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix trailer at E3 2014. Yasue revealed that the sequence seen in the teaser was the opening scene for the game. He added that it was created by Nomura, who had "a real clear picture of [what] the starting sequence" should be, and that the text seen and heard was going to "be a real integral part of the story".[63] In September 2014, it was announced that Nomura would no longer be the director of Final Fantasy XV, focusing his attention on other projects, including Kingdom Hearts III. Nomura had been the director of Final Fantasy XV since the game was announced as Final Fantasy Versus XIII in 2006.[64] The following month, Nomura revealed that the game had switched to using Epic Games' Unreal Engine 4, due to a "variety of reasons". He also added that the development team had the full support of Epic, and the change would not hinder the game's development.[65] According to Kotaku and IGN, it was noted that it had been assumed that Square Enix had been using its in-house Luminous Studio engine to develop the game.[65][66]

text: Bill Farmer, the English voice actor for Goofy, stated in January 2015 that he had completed his voice acting for the game.[67] Also in the month, Yasue revealed that working on HD 2.5 Remix simultaneously allowed the developers to learn all the best qualities from the series to aid in creating III, saying "For III we want to evolve it in a new direction, but at the same time we don't want to change what is fundamental about Kingdom Hearts." Additionally, he stated the Kingdom Hearts team was sharing knowledge with the Final Fantasy XV team to expand the game and get the most out of the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[68] In June 2015, Nomura revealed that development was on track and that secret films were being considered. He also stated that the team had an internal release window they were trying to hit.[16] In November 2015, new footage was shown at D23 Expo Japan 2015,[17] footage which was cut from the E3 2015 trailer for time.[21]

text: A gameplay trailer was released during the Kingdom Hearts Orchestra World Tour in Los Angeles in mid-June 2017.[6][44] The next month, it was announced at D23 2017 that the game would release in 2018.[35] Nomura also stated that a Nintendo Switch version of the game might be created, but wanted to focus on the development and promise of completing the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions before exploring other platform possibilities.[69] Commenting on the long development process, Nomura noted it was not due to problems with development or any choices made by the development team, but rather internal Square Enix corporate decisions, such as changing to the Unreal Engine 4 about a year into the game's development, which lead to "extensive delays" and "a bit of time that needed to be rewinded and started over", and "certain timing and resources challenges within Square Enix", despite submitting and getting approved a plan for when more personal resources would be needed on the project. Regarding downloadable content for the game, Nomura stated that "nothing is set in stone" regarding it, but he told the development team to "be prepared to be able to accommodate for something like that. We can't suddenly develop a system where we're accommodating for downloadable content. So it's not confirming or denying either way, but just so that the development team will be prepared".[70]

text: At D23 Japan 2018, Square Enix revealed the game was being developed in three sections, with approximately three worlds in each section. At that time, the worlds in the first section were said to be 90 percent complete and development of the middle section at around 60 percent. No update was given on the final section of the game, though Nomura stated its contents were "something he's always wanted to do and put into Kingdom Hearts, ever since the days of working on Final Fantasy... It is bound to surprise everyone."[30]

text: Design

text: In June 2013, Nomura discussed the updated visuals, saying that the development team tried to return the character's texture to the original "paintbrush art from Disney productions". The resulting visuals were referred to as the Kingdom Shader. Nomura continued, "It may look like a pretty drastic change, but I see it as a rich evolution of everything we've shown you up to now."[8] Nomura also revealed that Sora is the same proportions as in previous games; however, they "muted the volume on his hair—it's not as wild." Regarding updating Sora's look from his Kingdom Hearts II design, Nomura noted that outfit's popularity, but felt "the desire to change it" since the game is the first numbered sequel since II's release. He added that the basis for the resulting design is a mix between Sora's costumes for Kingdom Hearts II and Dream Drop Distance, one that is "a lot more sleek and sporty" since "Sora does a lot more... acrobatic [and]... action-oriented movements".[21] Riku and King Mickey also receive updated outfits.[37] Speaking on the designs of the worlds, Nomura said the updated graphical capabilities allowed the development team "to depict the world[s] of the original film[s] as close to [their] original form as possible" after previously creating worlds to be "a stylized Kingdom Hearts world".[71]

text: Music

text: Series composer Yoko Shimomura returns to compose the music.[59] Takeharu Ishimoto and Tsuyoshi Sekito are also contributing music to the game.[72] In October 2013, Teruzane Utada, father of singer Hikaru Utada, stated that Hikaru would once again be involved in the theme song for Kingdom Hearts III, as she did with Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II.[73] In February 2018, Hikaru's theme for the game was revealed, titled "Chikai" in Japanese and "Don't Think Twice" in English.[74]

text: Release

text: Kingdom Hearts III is scheduled to be released in 2018 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[35]

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ Kingdom Hearts III (Japanese: キングダム ハーツIII, Hepburn: Kingudamu Hātsu Surī)

tag: ol


document_title: Def Jam Recordings

question_text: when did jay z became president of def jam

text: Def Jam Recordings

text: Company history[edit]

text: Founding and CBS Records Group era (1983–1994)[edit]

text: Def Jam was founded by Rick Rubin in his dormitory in Weinstein Hall at New York University[3] and its first release was a single by his punk-rock group Hose. Russell Simmons joined Rubin shortly after they were introduced to each other, according to one story, by Vincent Gallo.[4] Another cites DJ Jazzy Jay as their connector.[5] Rubin has said he met Simmons on the TV show, "Graffiti Rock" and recognized him then as "the face of hip hop": "He was five years older than me, and he was already established in the music business. And I had no experience whatsoever."[6] The first single released with the Def Jam Recordings logo was T La Rock & Jazzy Jay's "It's Yours." The first releases with Def Jam Recordings catalog numbers were LL Cool J's "I Need a Beat" and the Beastie Boys' "Rock Hard," both in 1984. The singles sold well, eventually leading to a distribution deal with CBS Records through Columbia Records the following year. This created a short-lived subsidiary label called OBR Records, short for Original Black Recordings, catered toward R&B artists—the first artist signed to that imprint was Oran "Juice" Jones, who enjoyed success with his hit single "The Rain". A few years later, Russell Simmons and Lyor Cohen started an umbrella label called Rush Associated Labels to handle Def Jam and its numerous spinoff labels. RAL became the home to Nice & Smooth and EPMD after both acts were acquired due to the folding of their former label Sleeping Bag Records.[7] Other acts under the RAL umbrella included Redman, Onyx, Flatlinerz, Domino, Warren G and Jayo Felony. Def Jam also signed its first and only thrash metal band, Slayer, in 1986, and the band's third and fourth albums were the only two Def Jam releases to be distributed through Geffen Records under Warner Bros. Records as opposed to Columbia/CBS. As the decade drew to a close, the label signed Public Enemy, whose controversial lyrical content garnered the company both critical acclaim and disdain. Lyor Cohen became president of Def Jam/RAL in 1988, after winning a power struggle with Rubin, who would shortly thereafter leave the company to form Def American Recordings. Rubin would take Slayer with him to Def American in its initial stages.

text: PolyGram era (1994–1998)[edit]

text: By 1992, despite recent multi-platinum selling releases from Public Enemy, and EPMD, Def Jam ran into severe financial troubles and was faced with folding. However, in 1994, PolyGram purchased Sony's 50% stake in Def Jam Recordings—subsequently bringing the label into its fold. Following PolyGram's purchase, Def Jam distributed the Violator Records-signed artist Warren G's Regulate... G Funk Era album, which went triple platinum and brought much-needed revenue to Def Jam through its distribution deal with Violator.[8]

text: PolyGram acquired an additional 10% in Def Jam Recordings in 1996, further strengthening its ownership of Def Jam. Shortly thereafter, Rush Associated Labels was renamed Def Jam Music Group. The label remained profitable as its veteran star LL Cool J released his successful album Mr. Smith in 1995. The label later signed Foxy Brown, whose debut album Ill Na Na became a platinum seller in 1997.

text: The Island Def Jam Music Group founding (1998–2000)[edit]

text: In 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and merged with the MCA family of labels, which became Universal Music Group. It then purchased the remaining interest of Def Jam Recordings from Russell Simmons for a reported $100 million. UMG merged 14+ record labels including: Def Jam, Island Records and Mercury Records to form The Island Def Jam Music Group. Despite the formation of IDJMG, the Def Jam, Mercury, and Island labels (among others) continued to operate as separate imprints underneath the bigger umbrella.

text: Lyor Cohen was appointed co-president of IDJMG, and Kevin Liles succeeded him as president of Def Jam. In 1999, IDJMG created a R&B spin-off label called Def Soul Recordings to run alongside Def Jam Recordings, which inherited many of Island Records' urban artists (and also some from Mercury Records), including Dru Hill and its lead singer Sisqó, the Isley Brothers and Kelly Price. Def Soul also issued recordings by Musiq, Montell Jordan, Case, 112, Patti LaBelle, and Christina Milian. Island's 4th & B'way Records was also folded into Def Jam. Kevin Liles also served as President of Def Soul Records.

text: Also in 1999, the label began to distribute releases by Murder Inc. Records, run by former Def Jam executive Irv Gotti. Murder Inc.'s roster of artists would include Ja Rule, Ashanti, Lloyd, Vita. The following year, it launched another subsidiary, Def Jam South, which focused on Southern rap and distributed releases from labels such as Disturbing tha Peace, whose artists have included Ludacris, Chingy, and Bobby Valentino. Russell Simmons tapped Texas-born and raised rap legend Scarface (a.k.a. Brad Jordan) as the original head of Def Jam South. After about a 4-year run at Def Jam South, Scarface negotiated a release from the company in 2003.

text: In 2014, Universal Music Group announced that The Island Def Jam Music Group would end operations, and the assets would be separated into three different entities: Def Jam Recordings, Island Records, and Motown Records. The Mercury Records label has been dormant since IDJMG was dismantled.

text: In 2000, The Island Def Jam Music Group announced the formation of Def Jam Germany, the first international Def Jam company. This increased the label's presence around the world. Def Jam Germany signed German rappers Spezializtz and Philly MC. The label was located in Berlin and opened on May 23, 2000. In addition to signing and marketing local artists, Def Jam Germany also marketed all U.S. signed Def Jam artists in the German territory. But the German division folded just two years later in 2002. Many of the artists were picked up by Universal/Urban, while others did not get a new contract.[9]

text: The second international label is a Japanese branch, Def Jam Japan (デフ・ジャム・ジャパン, Defu Jamu Japan), also founded in 2000.[10] Their artist roster has included AI, Teriyaki Boyz, Nitro Microphone Underground, and South Korean boy band BTS.

text: In 2003, Murder Inc. became the center of a money laundering investigation involving illegal profits from drug trade,[11] leading to the label's eventual release from its distribution contract by 2005. The final shares of Roc-A-Fella Records were sold to The Island Def Jam Music Group in 2004, by which time it had launched the career of producer-turned-rapper Kanye West.

text: In 2004, Cohen left IDJMG for Warner Music Group, and was replaced by former Arista-now Epic executive L.A. Reid. An unhappy Liles eventually decided to follow Cohen to Warner.[12] A bidding war for Jay-Z's contract began, and Reid appointed Jay-Z president of Def Jam.[12]

text: Under Jay-Z's leadership, Def Jam launched the successful careers of contemporary R&B singers Rihanna and Ne-Yo. At the end of 2007, Jay-Z decided not to renew his contract as the President and CEO of Def Jam in order to start his new venture, Roc Nation.[13] Following Jay-Z's departure, L.A. Reid took over leadership of the label, as opposed to hiring a replacement. In June 2008, Shakir Stewart was appointed as Executive Vice President of Def Jam, a position that was previously left vacant since December 2007.

text: In March 2012, it was announced that former Warner Bros. Records executive Joie Manda would become the first president of Def Jam since Jay-Z.[14] Until March 2013 when he exited his post at Def Jam and it was announced he'd be heading up the urban division of Interscope Records by his former boss, Barry Weiss.[15] The-Dream served as Def Jam's executive vice president between 2012 and 2014. No I.D. upholds the position of executive vice president after helping to establish GOOD Music with Kanye West; Steve Bartels is the current CEO of Def Jam.[16]

text: On April 1, 2014, it was announced that Island Def Jam would no longer be active following the resignation of CEO Barry Weiss. A press release serviced by Universal Music Group stated that IDJMG, and all of its assets would be reorganized into Def Jam Recordings, Island Records and Motown Records, all as separate entities.[17]

text: Def Jam Recordings operates as a stand-alone label within Universal Music Group. Steve Bartels serves a time as President/CEO of Def Jam Recording till it was announced on August 3, 2017, that as of January 2018, Eminem's longtime manager and co-founder of Shady Records, Paul Rosenberg has been appointed the new President/CEO of Def Jam Recordings.[18]

text: Notable current artists[edit]

text:
2 Chainz
Afrojack
Alessia Cara[19]
Alesso
Amir Obé
August Alsina[20]
Axwell Λ Ingrosso[21]
Babyface
Bibi Bourelly
Big Sean
BTS
Common[22]
Conway[23]
Dave East
Desiigner
Earl St. Clair
Elijah Blake[24]
Fabolous
Flesh-N-Bone
Iggy Azalea
Jadakiss
Jahkoy
Jeezy
Jeremih
Jhené Aiko
Juelz Santana
Justin Bieber
Kacy Hill
Kanye West
Leona Lewis
Lil Durk
Logic
Mark Battles
Maejor Ali
Mother Mother
Moxie Raia
Nas
Q-Tip
Teyana Taylor
Toni Braxton
Trap Beckham
Vince Staples
Westside Gunn
YG