document_title: NBA All-Star Game records

question_text: most points in an nba all star game

question_tokens: most points in an nba all star game

text: NBA All-Star Game records

text: Individual[edit]

text: MVPs[edit]

text: Most awards

text:
4 by Bob Pettit (1 shared award) (1956, 1958, 1959, 1962)
4 by Kobe Bryant (1 shared award) (2002, 2007, 2009, 2011)

text: Most consecutive awards

text:
2 by Bob Pettit (1 shared title) (1958, 1959)
2 by Russell Westbrook (2015, 2016)

text: All-Star selections[edit]

text: Most selections

text: 19 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

text: Most consecutive selections

text: 17 by Kobe Bryant

text: Most games played

text: 18 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

text: Most games started

text: 15 by Kobe Bryant

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Most points per game – career (3 games min.)

text: 28.7 by Anthony Davis

text: Most points – career

text: 314 by LeBron James

text: Most points – game

text: 52 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most points – half

text: 30 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most points – quarter

text:
20 by Glen Rice (1997)
20 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Minutes[edit]

text: Most minutes – career

text: 449 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

text: Most minutes – game

text:
42 by Oscar Robertson (1964)
42 by Bill Russell (1964)
42 by Jerry West (1964)
42 by Nate Thurmond (1967)

text: Most minutes per game

text: 32.7 by Bob Pettit

text: Rebounds[edit]

text: Most rebounds – career

text: 197 by Wilt Chamberlain

text: Most offensive rebounds – career

text: 44 by Moses Malone

text: Most defensive rebounds – career

text: 98 by Tim Duncan

text: Most rebounds – game

text: 27 by Bob Pettit (1962)

text: Most rebounds per game

text: 16.2 by Bob Pettit

text: Most offensive rebounds – game

text: 10 by Kobe Bryant (2011)

text: Most defensive rebounds – game

text: 19 by Dikembe Mutombo (2001)

text: Most rebounds – half

text:
16 by Bob Pettit (1962)
16 by Wilt Chamberlain (1960)

text: Most rebounds – quarter

text: 10 by Bob Pettit (1962)

text: Assists[edit]

text: Most assists – career

text: 127 by Magic Johnson

text: Most assists – game

text: 22 by Magic Johnson (1984)

text: Most assists per game

text: 13.3 by Chris Paul

text: Most assists – half

text: 13 by Magic Johnson (1984)

text: Most assists – quarter

text: 9 by John Stockton (1989)

text: Field goals[edit]

text: Highest field goal percentage – career

text: .833 by Brandon Roy

text: Most field goals made – career

text: 129 by LeBron James

text: Most field goals made – game

text: 26 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most field goals made – half

text: 15 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most field goals made – quarter

text: 10 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most field goals attempted – career

text: 238 by Kobe Bryant

text: Most field goals attempted – game

text: 39 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most field goals attempted – half

text: 22 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Most field goals attempted – quarter

text: 15 by Anthony Davis (2017)

text: Free throws[edit]

text: Highest free throw percentage – career

text:
1.000 by Archie Clark
1.000 by Gary Payton
1.000 by Clyde Drexler

text: Most free throws made – career

text: 78 by Elgin Baylor

text: Most free throws made – game

text:
12 by Elgin Baylor (1962)
12 by Oscar Robertson (1965)

text: Most free throws made – half

text: 10 by Zelmo Beaty (1966)

text: Most free throws made – quarter

text:
9 by Zelmo Beaty (1966)
9 by Julius Erving (1978)

text: Most free throws attempted – career

text:
98 by Elgin Baylor
98 By Oscar Robertson

text: Most free throws attempted – game

text: 16 by Wilt Chamberlain (1962)

text: Most free throws attempted – half

text: 12 by Zelmo Beaty (1966)

text: Most free throws attempted – quarter

text: 11 by Julius Erving (1978)

text: Three-point shooting[edit]

text: Highest three point percentage – career

text: .600 by Glen Rice

text: Most three point field goals made – career

text: 31 by LeBron James

text: Most three point field goals made – game

text: 9 by Paul George (2016)

text: Most three point field goals made – half

text: 7 by Russell Westbrook (2016)

text: Most three point field goals attempted – career

text: 90 by LeBron James

text: Most three point field goals attempted – game

text: 19 by Paul George (2016)

text: Most three point field goals attempted – half

text:
11 by Kevin Durant (2014)
11 by Paul George (2016)

text: Steals[edit]

text: Most steals – career

text: 38 by Kobe Bryant

text: Most steals per game

text: 3.2 by Rick Barry

text: Most steals – game

text: 8 by Rick Barry (1975)

text: Most steals – half

text: 5 by Larry Bird (1986)

text: Most steals – quarter

text:
4 by Fred Brown (1976)
4 by Larry Bird (1986)
4 by Isiah Thomas (1989)

text: Blocks[edit]

text: Most blocks – career

text: 31 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

text: Most blocks per game

text: 2.0 by Alonzo Mourning

text: Most blocks – game

text: 6 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1980)

text: Most blocks – half

text:
4 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1980)
4 by Michael Jordan (1988)
4 by Hakeem Olajuwon (1994)

text: Most blocks – quarter

text: 4 by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1980)

text: Triple doubles[edit]

text:
Michael Jordan – 14 points, 11 rebounds, 11 assists in 26 minutes (1997)
LeBron James – 29 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists in 32 minutes (2011)
Dwyane Wade – 24 points, 10 rebounds, 10 assists in 33 minutes (2012)
Kevin Durant – 21 points, 10 rebounds, 10 assists in 27 minutes (2017)

text: Team[edit]

text: Scoring[edit]

text:
Most points – team

196 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most points – both teams

374 (2017)

Most points in a half – team

104 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most points in a half – both teams

189 (2017)

Most points in a quarter – team

53 by West All-Stars (2016)
53 by East All-Stars (2017)

Most points in a quarter – both teams

101 (2017)

Fewest points – team

75 by East All-Stars (1953)

Fewest points – both teams

154 (1953)

Largest margin of victory

40 (153–113) by West All-Stars (1992)

Smallest margin of victory

1 (124–123) by East All-Stars (1965)
1 (108–107) by West All-Stars (1971)
1 (125–124) by West All-Stars (1977)
1 (111–110) by East All-Stars (2001)

text: Field goals[edit]

text:
Highest field goal percentage – team

0.653 (64/98) by West All-Stars (1992)

Highest field goal percentage – both teams

0.578 (162/280) (2017)

Lowest field goal percentage – team

0.292 (35/120) by West All-Stars (1966)

Lowest field goal percentage – both teams

0.362 (59/163) (1953)

Most field goals made – team

84 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most field goals made – both teams

162 (2017)

Most field goals made in a half – team

43 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most field goals made in a half – both teams

83 (2017)

Most field goals made in a quarter – team

22 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most field goals made in a quarter – both teams

42 (2017)

Fewest field goals made – team

25 by East All-Stars (1953)

Fewest field goals made – both teams

59 (1953)

Most field goals attempted – team

149 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most field goals attempted – both teams

286 (2016)

Most field goals attempted in a half – team

79 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most field goals attempted in a half – both teams

148 (2016)

Most field goals attempted in a quarter – team

41 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most field goals attempted in a quarter – both teams

77 (2016)

Fewest field goals attempted – team

66 by East All-Stars (1953)

Fewest field goals attempted – both teams

162 (1953)

text: Three-point field goals[edit]

text:
Most three-point field goals made – team

31 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most three-point field goals made – both teams

51 (2016)

Most three-point field goals attempted – team

80 by West All-Stars (2016)

Most three-point field goals attempted – both teams

139 (2016)

text: Free throws[edit]

text:
Highest free throw percentage – team

1.000 (18/18) by West All-Stars (1973)
1.000 (9/9) by East All-Stars (2014)
1.000 (4/4) by East All-Stars (2017)

Highest free throw percentage – both teams

0.875 (7/8) (2017)

Lowest free throw percentage – team

0.364 (4/11) by West All-Stars (2004)

Lowest free throw percentage – both teams

0.500 (16/32) (2004)
0.500 (11/22) (2007)
0.500 (14/28) (2008)

Most free throws made – team

40 by East All-Stars (1959)

Most free throws made – both teams

71(OT) (1987)
70 (1961)

Most free throws made in a half – team

26 by East All-Stars (1959)

Most free throws made in a half – both teams

36 (1961)

Most free throws made in a quarter – team

19 by East All-Stars (1986)

Most free throws made in a quarter – both teams

27 (1986)

Fewest free throws made – team

1 by West All-Stars (2016)

Fewest free throws made – both teams

4 (2016)

Most free throws attempted – team

57 by West All-Stars (1970)

Most free throws attempted – both teams

95 (1956)

Most free throws attempted in a half – team

31 by East All-Stars (1959)

Most free throws attempted in a half – both teams

57 (1962)

Most free throws attempted in a quarter – team

25 by West All-Stars (1970)

Most free throws attempted in a quarter – both teams

33 (1962)
33(OT) (1993)

Fewest free throws attempted – team

2 by West All-Stars (2016)

Fewest free throws attempted – both teams

7 (2016)

text: Rebounds[edit]

text:
Most rebounds recorded – team

83 by East All-Stars (1966)

Most rebounds recorded – both teams

151 (1960)

Most rebounds recorded in a half – team

51 by East All-Stars (1966)

Most rebounds recorded in a half – both teams

98 (1962)
98 (1966)

Most rebounds recorded in a quarter – team

30 by West All-Stars (1966)

Most rebounds recorded in a quarter – both teams

58 (1966)

Fewest rebounds recorded – team

37 by West All-Stars (1983)

Fewest rebounds recorded – both teams

89 (1983)

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Most assists – team

60 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most assists – both teams

103 (2017)

Most assists in a half – team

34 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most assists in a half – both teams

57 (2017)

Most assists in a quarter – team

19 by West All-Stars (2017)

Most assists in a quarter – both teams

29 (2017)

Fewest assists – team

15 by West All-Stars (1965)

Fewest assists – both teams

37 (1964)

text: Steals[edit]

text:
Most steals – team

24 by East All-Stars (1989)

Most steals- both teams

40 (1989)

text: Blocks[edit]

text:
Most blocks – team

16 by West All-Stars (1980 1OT)
12 by West All-Stars (1994)

Most blocks – both teams

25 (1980 1OT)
21 (1994)

text: All-Star Weekend records[edit]

text: Most Skills Challenge Contests won

text:
2 by Dwyane Wade (2006, 2007)
2 by Steve Nash (2005, 2010)
2 by Damian Lillard (2013, 2014)

text: Most consecutive Skills Challenge Contests won

text:
2 by Dwyane Wade (2006, 2007)
2 by Damian Lillard (2013, 2014)

text: Most Slam Dunk Contests won

text: 3 by Nate Robinson (2006, 2009, 2010)

text: Most consecutive Slam Dunk Contests won

text:
2 by Michael Jordan (1987, 1988)
2 by Jason Richardson (2002, 2003)
2 by Nate Robinson (2009, 2010)
2 by Zach LaVine (2015, 2016)

text: Most Three-Point Shootout Contests won

text:
3 by Larry Bird (1986, 1987, 1988)
3 by Craig Hodges (1990, 1991, 1992)

text: Most consecutive Three-Point Shootout Contests won

text: Youngest Slam Dunk Contest Champion

text: Kobe Bryant (7003674400000000000♠18 years, 169 days)

text: Youngest Three-Point Shootout Contest Champion

text: Kyrie Irving (7003763500000000000♠20 years, 330 days)

text: Youngest Skills Challenge Contest Champion

text: Karl-Anthony Towns (7003739500000000000♠20 years, 90 days)

text: Other records[edit]

text: Attendance

text: 108,713 for the 2010 NBA All-Star Game which was held in Cowboys Stadium at Arlington, Texas — the largest attendance in history for any basketball game.

text: Youngest All-Star Game MVP

text: LeBron James (7003772100000000000♠21 years, 51 days)

text: Oldest All-Star Game MVP

text: Shaquille O'Neal (7004134950000000000♠36 years, 346 days)

text: Youngest Rising Stars Challenge MVP

text: Kyrie Irving (7003727700000000000♠19 years, 338 days)


document_title: 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles

question_text: who played in the men's semi final in wimbledon in 2015

question_tokens: who played in the men 's semi final in wimbledon in 2015

root

text: Seeds[edit]

text: Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.

tag: p

text: Qualifying[edit]

text: Draw[edit]

text: Key[edit]

text:
Q = Qualifier
WC = Wild Card
LL = Lucky Loser
Alt = Alternate
SE = Special Exempt
PR = Protected Ranking
w/o = Walkover
r = Retired
d = Defaulted

tag: ul

text: Finals[edit]

text:
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
                     1
 Novak Djokovic
6
6
6

9
 Marin Čilić
4
4
4

1
 Novak Djokovic
77
6
6

21
 Richard Gasquet
62
4
4

4
 Stan Wawrinka
4
6
6
4
9
21
 Richard Gasquet
6
4
3
6
11
1
 Novak Djokovic
77
610
6
6

2
 Roger Federer
61
712
4
3

 Vasek Pospisil
4
5
4

3
 Andy Murray
6
7
6

3
 Andy Murray
5
5
4

2
 Roger Federer
7
7
6

12
 Gilles Simon
3
5
2

2
 Roger Federer
6
7
6

tag: table

text: Top half[edit]

text: Section 1[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
1
 N Djokovic
6
6
6

 P Kohlschreiber
4
4
4

1
 N Djokovic
6
6
6

 J Nieminen
3
6
4
6
11

 J Nieminen
4
2
3

WC
 L Hewitt
6
3
6
0
9
1
 N Djokovic
6
6
6

Q
 P-H Herbert
1
6
3
6
10
27
 B Tomic
3
3
3

 H Chung
6
2
6
2
8
Q
 P-H Herbert
63
4
65

 J-L Struff
3
6
6
2
3
27
 B Tomic
77
6
77

27
 B Tomic
6
3
2
6
6
1
 N Djokovic
66
66
6
6
7
24
 L Mayer
79
77
6

14
 K Anderson
78
78
1
4
5

 T Kokkinakis
67
63
4

24
 L Mayer
6
77
6

PR
 J Tipsarević
3
4
2

 M Granollers
3
64
3

 M Granollers
6
6
6

24
 L Mayer
4
66
3

 M İlhan
77
6
64
6

14
 K Anderson
6
78
6

 J Janowicz
64
4
77
3

 M İlhan
77
66
4
4

 L Pouille
2
5
6
3

14
 K Anderson
65
78
6
6

14
 K Anderson
6
7
3
6

text: Section 2[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
9
 M Čilić
6
6
77

Q
 H Moriya
3
2
64

9
 M Čilić
6
4
78
4
7

 A Haider-Maurer
2
2r

 R Berankis
3
6
66
6
5

 R Berankis
6
5

9
 M Čilić
77
66
6
64
12
WC
 M Ebden
6
6
6

17
 J Isner
64
78
4
77
10

 B Rola
2
1
4

WC
 M Ebden
2
68
4

 G Soeda
65
4
4

17
 J Isner
6
710
6

17
 J Isner
77
6
6

9
 M Čilić
6
4
6
7

28
 P Cuevas
77
6
3
2
2
WC
 D Kudla
4
6
3
5

WC
 D Kudla
64
4
6
6
6
WC
 D Kudla
6
3
77
6

 T Gabashvili
3
6
3
6
7

 A Zverev
3
6
62
4

 A Zverev
6
1
6
3
9
WC
 D Kudla
6
63
2
6
6

 J Souza
4
3
2

 S Giraldo
2
77
6
1
3

 S Giraldo
6
6
6

 S Giraldo
w/o

 S Bolelli
3
77
2
6
3
5
 K Nishikori

5
 K Nishikori
6
64
6
3
6

text: Section 3[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
4
 S Wawrinka
6
7
77

 J Sousa
2
5
63

4
 S Wawrinka
6
6
7

 V Estrella Burgos
5
6
6
6

 V Estrella Burgos
3
4
5

 B Becker
7
1
4
4

4
 S Wawrinka
6
6
6

 M Kližan
6
2
3
77
11

 F Verdasco
4
3
4

 F Verdasco
4
6
6
65
13

 F Verdasco
5
6
5
6
6

 D Sela
6
3
4
4

32
 D Thiem
7
4
7
3
4
32
 D Thiem
2
6
6
6

4
 S Wawrinka
77
79
6

19
 T Robredo
2
3
4

16
 D Goffin
63
67
4

Q
 J Millman
6
6
6

Q
 J Millman
77
6
3
2
4

 D Young
7
2
4
4

 M Baghdatis
65
2
6
6
6

 M Baghdatis
5
6
6
6

 M Baghdatis
3
4
2

WC
 L Broady
5
4
6
6
6
16
 D Goffin
6
6
6

 M Matosevic
7
6
3
2
3
WC
 L Broady
63
1
1

Q
 H Zeballos
64
1
1

16
 D Goffin
77
6
6

16
 D Goffin
77
6
6

text: Section 4[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
11
 G Dimitrov
6
6
6

 F Delbonis
3
0
4

11
 G Dimitrov
710
6
77

 L Lacko
3
77
6
1
4

 S Johnson
68
2
62

 S Johnson
6
65
4
6
6
11
 G Dimitrov
3
4
4

Q
 K de Schepper
4
4
77
6
6
21
 R Gasquet
6
6
6

Q
 J-P Smith
6
6
64
4
4
Q
 K de Schepper
0
3
3

Q
 L Saville
3
2
2

21
 R Gasquet
6
6
6

21
 R Gasquet
6
6
6

21
 R Gasquet
7
6
67
78

26
 N Kyrgios
6
6
78

26
 N Kyrgios
5
1
79
66

 D Schwartzman
0
2
66

26
 N Kyrgios
77
6
6

 J Mónaco
6
6
6

 J Mónaco
65
3
4

PR
 F Mayer
1
2
4

26
 N Kyrgios
5
7
77
6

 D Lajović
2
3
6
2

7
 M Raonic
7
5
63
3

PR
 T Haas
6
6
4
6

PR
 T Haas
0
2
77
64

 D Gimeno-Traver
2
3
6
64

7
 M Raonic
6
6
65
77

7
 M Raonic
6
6
3
77

text: Bottom half[edit]

text: Section 5[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
LL
 L Vanni
77
2
4
3

WC
 J Ward
64
6
6
6

WC
 J Ward
6
77
3
6

 J Veselý
79
78
6

 J Veselý
2
64
6
3

 P Lorenzi
67
66
4

WC
 J Ward
4
6
6
3
6

 V Pospisil
77
3
64
77
6

 V Pospisil
6
3
2
6
8
Q
 V Millot
62
6
77
64
3

 V Pospisil
6
6
1
6

 T Smyczek
4
3
2

30
 F Fognini
3
4
6
3

30
 F Fognini
6
6
6

 V Pospisil
4
64
6
6
6
22
 V Troicki
6
6
3
6

22
 V Troicki
6
77
4
3
3
Q
 A Nedovyesov
1
4
6
3

22
 V Troicki
6
3
6
6

PR
 R Štěpánek
5
6
6
3
4

 A Bedene
4
6
2
4

 A Bedene
7
1
4
6
6
22
 V Troicki
6
77
4
6

Q
 D Brown
3
6
7
6

Q
 D Brown
4
63
6
3

 Y-h Lu
6
3
5
4

Q
 D Brown
7
3
6
6

 T Bellucci
4
2
4

10
 R Nadal
5
6
4
4

10
 R Nadal
6
6
6

text: Section 6[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
13
 J-W Tsonga
710
63
6
3
6

 G Müller
68
77
4
6
2
13
 J-W Tsonga
6
6
6

 D Istomin
2
2
2r

 A Ramos
3
4
4

 A Ramos
6
6
3

13
 J-W Tsonga
63
6
62
69

 A Dolgopolov
77
6
6

23
 I Karlović
77
4
77
711

WC
 K Edmund
64
1
2

 A Dolgopolov
7
3
4
77
11
Q
 E Ymer
77
2
4
62

23
 I Karlović
5
6
6
64
13
23
 I Karlović
62
6
6
77

23
 I Karlović
67
4
7
4

25
 A Seppi
6
6
6

3
 A Murray
79
6
5
6

WC
 B Klein
3
2
2

25
 A Seppi
4
6
63
6
6

 S Stakhovsky
6
65
2
6
7

 B Ćorić
6
4
77
1
1

 B Ćorić
4
77
6
1
9
25
 A Seppi
2
2
6
1

 R Haase
6
3
6
6

3
 A Murray
6
6
1
6

Q
 A Falla
2
6
4
2

 R Haase
1
1
4

 M Kukushkin
4
63
4

3
 A Murray
6
6
6

3
 A Murray
6
77
6

text: Section 7[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
6
 T Berdych
6
68
77
77

 J Chardy
2
710
63
65

6
 T Berdych
6
6
6

 F Krajinović
64
4
6
5

WC
 N Mahut
1
4
4

WC
 N Mahut
77
6
3
7

6
 T Berdych
4
6
6
77

 E Gulbis
62
3
63

 P Andújar
6
0
3
63

 L Rosol
77
6
77

 L Rosol
4
6
6
64
4

 P Andújar
3
6
3
7
6

 P Andújar
6
1
4
77
6
29
 G García-López
6
4
6
5
4
6
 T Berdych
3
3
2

18
 G Monfils
6
6
7

12
 G Simon
6
6
6

 P Carreño Busta
4
4
5

18
 G Monfils
77
6
7

 A Mannarino
64
6
6
6

 A Mannarino
65
3
5

Q
 M Berrer
77
0
4
1

18
 G Monfils
6
3
66
6
2
Q
 Y Sugita
63
3
65

12
 G Simon
3
6
78
2
6

 B Kavčič
77
6
77

 B Kavčič
1
1
77
1

PR
 N Almagro
4
4
5

12
 G Simon
6
6
65
6

12
 G Simon
6
6
7

text: Section 8[edit]

text:
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
Fourth Round
15
 F López
6
77
6

 S Darcis
2
64
4

15
 F López
5
6
3
6
4
Q
 N Basilashvili
6
77
6

Q
 N Basilashvili
7
3
6
2
6

 F Bagnis
4
63
2

Q
 N Basilashvili
64
0
1

 B Paire
6
6
6

20
 R Bautista Agut
77
6
6

 M Youzhny
4
4
3

 B Paire
6
6
3
3
3

 R Bemelmans
1
3
66

20
 R Bautista Agut
2
4
6
6
6
20
 R Bautista Agut
6
6
78

20
 R Bautista Agut
2
2
3

31
 J Sock
3
6
3
3

2
 R Federer
6
6
6

 S Groth
6
3
6
6

 S Groth
7
6
78

 M Jaziri
62
2
6
6
5

 J Duckworth
5
4
66

 J Duckworth
77
6
3
3
7

 S Groth
4
4
77
2

 S Querrey
7
6
6

2
 R Federer
6
6
65
6

Q
 I Sijsling
5
3
4

 S Querrey
4
2
2

 D Džumhur
1
3
3

2
 R Federer
6
6
6

2
 R Federer
6
6
6

text:
Flag Icon Key

List of National Flags

text: Nationalities in the field[edit]

text:
North America (10)
South America (11)
Europe (82)
Oceania (11)
Asia (12)
Africa (2)

 Canada (2)
 Argentina (6)
 Austria (2)
 Australia (11)
 Cyprus (1)
 South Africa (1)

 Dominican Republic (1)
 Brazil (2)
 Belgium (3)

 Israel (1)
 Tunisia (1)

 United States (7)
 Colombia (2)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (1)
 Japan (4)

 Uruguay (1)
 Bulgaria (1)
 Kazakhstan (2)

 Croatia (3)
 South Korea (1)

 Czech Republic (4)
 Chinese Taipei (1)

 Finland (1)
 Turkey (1)

 France (12)
 Uzbekistan (1)

 Georgia (1)

 Germany (8)

 Italy (5)

 Latvia (1)

 Lithuania (1)

 Luxembourg (1)

 Netherlands (2)

 Poland (1)

 Portugal (1)

 Russia (2)

 Serbia (5)

 Slovakia (2)

 Slovenia (2)

 Spain (12)

 Sweden (1)

  Switzerland (2)

 Ukraine (2)

 United Kingdom (6)


document_title: Burning of Washington

question_text: when was the white house built after the fire

text: Burning of Washington

text: Reasons[edit]

text: The British government, already at war with Napoleonic France, adopted a defensive strategy against the United States when the Americans declared war in 1812. Reinforcements were held back from Canada and reliance was instead made on local militias and native allies to bolster the British Army in Canada. However, after the defeat and exile of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814, Britain was able to use its now available troops and ships to prosecute its war with the United States. In addition to reinforcements sent to Canada, the Earl of Bathurst, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, dispatched an army brigade and additional naval vessels to Bermuda, from where a blockade of the US coast and even the occupation of some coastal islands had been overseen throughout the war. It was decided to use these forces in raids along the Atlantic seaboard to draw American forces away from Canada.[4] The commanders were under strict orders, however, not to carry out operations far inland, or to attempt to hold territory. Early in 1814, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy's North America and West Indies Station, controlling naval forces based at the new Bermuda dockyard and the Halifax Naval Yard which were used to blockade US Atlantic ports throughout the war. He planned to carry the war into the United States by attacks in Virginia and against New Orleans.[5]

text: Rear Admiral George Cockburn had commanded the squadron in Chesapeake Bay since the previous year. On June 25 he wrote to Cochrane stressing that the defenses there were weak, and he felt that several major cities were vulnerable to attack.[6] Cochrane suggested attacking Baltimore, Washington and Philadelphia. On July 17, Cockburn recommended Washington as the target, because of the comparative ease of attacking the national capital and "the greater political effect likely to result".[7]  General Ross commanded a 4,500-man army, composed of the 4th (King's Own) Light, 21st Royal North British Fusiliers, 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot, and 85th Regiment of Foot.

text: An added motive was retaliation for what Britain saw as the "wanton destruction of private property along the north shores of Lake Erie" by American forces under Col. John Campbell in May 1814, the most notable being the Raid on Port Dover.[8] On June 2, 1814, Sir George Prévost, Governor General of The Canadas, wrote to Cochrane at Admiralty House, in Bailey's Bay, Bermuda, calling for a retaliation against the American destruction of private property in violation of the laws of war. Prévost argued that,

text: … in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie, in order that if the war with the United States continues you may, should you judge it advisable, assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages.[8]

text: On July 18, Cochrane ordered Cockburn to "deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages ... You are hereby required and directed to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable".[9] Cochrane instructed, "You will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States". Ross and Cockburn surveyed the torching of the President's Mansion, during which time a great storm arose unexpectedly out of the southeast. They were confronted a number of times while on horseback by older women from around Washington City and elderly clergymen (Southern Presbyterian and Southern Baptist), with women and children who had been hiding in homes and churches. They requested protection from abuse and robbery by enlisted personnel from the British Expeditionary Forces whom they accused of having tried to ransack private homes and other buildings. Major-General Ross had two British soldiers put in chains for violation of his general order. Throughout the events of that day, a severe storm blew into the city, worsening on the night of August 24, 1814.

text: Events[edit]

text: President James Madison, members of his government, and the military fled the city in the wake of the British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg. They eventually found refuge for the night in Brookeville, a small town in Montgomery County, Maryland, which is known today as the United States Capital for a Day. President Madison spent the night in the house of Caleb Bentley, a Quaker who lived and worked in Brookeville. Bentley's house, known today as the Madison House, still stands in Brookeville.[10]

text: The sappers and miners of the Corps of Royal Engineers under Captain Blanshard were employed in burning the principal buildings. Blanshard reported that it seemed that the American President was so sure that the attacking force would be made prisoners that a handsome entertainment had been prepared. Blanshard and his sappers enjoyed the feast.[11]:358

text: U.S. Capitol[edit]

text: The Capitol was, according to some contemporary travelers, the only building in Washington "worthy to be noticed."[12] Thus, it was a prime target for the British invaders, both for its aesthetic and symbolic value. Upon arrival into the city via Maryland Avenue, the British targeted the Capitol (first the southern wing, containing the House of Representatives, then the northern wing, containing the Senate).[13] Prior to setting it aflame, the British looted the building (which at that time housed Congress, the Library of Congress, and the Supreme Court). Items looted by British General Sir George Cockburn included “An account of the receipts and expenditures of the United States for the year 1810.[14]"

text: The British intended to burn the building to the ground. They set fire to the southern wing first. The flames grew so quickly that the British were prevented from collecting enough wood to burn the stone walls completely. However, the Library of Congress’s contents in the northern wing contributed to the flames on that side.[15] Among the destruction was the 3,000-volume collection of the Library of Congress [16] and the intricate decorations of the neoclassical columns, pediments, and sculptures[17] originally designed by William Thornton in 1793 and Benjamin Latrobe in 1803.[18] The wooden ceilings and floors burned, and the glass skylights melted because of the intense heat.[19] But, the building was not a complete loss. The House rotunda, the east lobby, the staircases, and Latrobe’s famous Corn-Cob Columns in the Senate entrance hall all survived.[20] The Superintendent of the Public Buildings of the City of Washington, Thomas Munroe, concluded that the loss to the Capitol amounted to $787,163.28, with $457,388.36 for the North wing and main building, and $329,774.92 for the South wing.[21]

text: White House[edit]

text: After burning the Capitol, the British turned northwest up Pennsylvania Avenue toward the White House. After US government officials and President Madison fled the city, the First Lady Dolley Madison received a letter from her husband, urging her to be prepared to leave Washington at a moment's notice.[22]  Dolley organized the slaves and staff to save valuables from the British.[23] James Madison's personal slave, the fifteen-year-old boy Paul Jennings, was an eyewitness.[24] After later buying his freedom from the widow Dolley Madison, Jennings published his memoir in 1865, considered the first from the White House:

text: It has often been stated in print, that when Mrs. Madison escaped from the White House, she cut out from the frame the large portrait of Washington (now in one of the parlors there), and carried it off. She had no time for doing it. It would have required a ladder to get it down. All she carried off was the silver in her reticule, as the British were thought to be but a few squares off, and were expected any moment.[25]

text: Jennings said the people who saved the painting and removed the objects actually were:

text: John Susé (Jean Pierre Sioussat, the French door-keeper, and still living at the time of Jennings's memoir]  and Magraw [McGraw], the President's gardener, took it down and sent it off on a wagon, with some large silver urns and such other valuables as could be hastily got hold of. When the British did arrive, they ate up the very dinner, and drank the wines, &c., that I had prepared for the President's party.[25][26][27]

text: The soldiers burned the president's house, and fuel was added to the fires that night to ensure they would continue burning into the next day.

text: In 2009, President Barack Obama held a ceremony at the White House to honor Jennings as a representative of his contributions to saving the Gilbert Stuart painting and other valuables. (The painting that was saved was a copy Stuart made of the painting, not the original,[28] although it is the same one on display in the East Room.) "A dozen descendants of Jennings came to Washington, to visit the White House. They looked at the painting their relative helped save."[29] In an interview with National Public Radio, Jennings' great-great-grandson Hugh Alexander said, "We were able to take a family portrait in front of the painting, which was for me one of the high points."[24] He confirmed that Jennings later purchased his freedom from the widowed Dolley Madison.[24]

text: Other Washington properties[edit]

text: The day after the destruction of the White House, Rear Admiral Cockburn entered the building of the D.C. newspaper, the National Intelligencer, intending to burn it down. However, several women persuaded him not to because they were afraid the fire would spread to their neighboring houses. Cockburn wanted to destroy the newspaper because its reporters had written so negatively about him, branding him "The Ruffian". Instead, he ordered his troops to tear the building down brick by brick, and ordered all the "C" type destroyed "so that the rascals can have no further means of abusing my name".[30]

text: The British sought out the United States Treasury in hopes of finding money or items of worth, but they found only old records.[16] They burned the United States Treasury and other public buildings. The United States Department of War building was also burned. However, the War and State Department files had been removed, so the books and records had been saved; the only records of the War Department lost were recommendations of appointments for the Army and letters received from seven years earlier.[31] The First U.S. Patent Office Building was saved by the efforts of William Thornton, the former Architect of the Capitol and then the Superintendent of Patents, who gained British cooperation to preserve it.[32][A] "When the smoke cleared from the dreadful attack, the Patent Office was the only Government building ... left untouched" in Washington.[33]

text: The Americans had already burned much of the historic Washington Navy Yard, founded by Thomas Jefferson, to prevent capture of stores and ammunition,[34] as well as the 44-gun frigate USS Columbia and the 22 gun USS Argus both new vessels nearing completion.[35]  The Navy Yard's Latrobe Gate, Quarters A, and Quarters B were the only buildings to escape destruction.[36][37] Also spared were the Marine Barracks and Commandant's House, although several private properties were damaged or destroyed.[38]

text: In the afternoon of August 25, General Ross sent two hundred men to secure a fort on Greenleaf's Point. The fort, later known as Fort McNair, had already been destroyed by the Americans, but 150 barrels of gunpowder remained. While the British were trying to destroy it by dropping the barrels into a well, the powder ignited. As many as thirty men were killed in the explosion, and many others were maimed.[39]

text: "The Storm that Saved Washington"[edit]

text: Less than a day after the attack began, a sudden very heavy thunderstorm—possibly a hurricane—put out the fires. It also spun off a tornado that passed through the center of the capital, setting down on Constitution Avenue[3] and lifting two cannons before dropping them several yards away and killing British troops and American civilians alike.[40] Following the storm, the British troops returned to their ships, many of which were badly damaged. There is some debate regarding the effect of this storm on the occupation. While some assert that the storm forced their retreat,[3] it seems likely from their destructive and arsonous actions before the storm, and their written orders from Cochrane to "destroy and lay waste",[41] that their intention was merely to raze the city, rather than occupy it for an extended period. Whatever the case, the British occupation of Washington lasted only about 26 hours. Despite this, the "Storm that saved Washington", as it became known, did the opposite according to some. The rains sizzled and cracked the already charred walls of the White House and ripped away at structures the British had no plans to destroy (such as the Patent Office). The storm may have exacerbated an already dire situation for Washington DC.

text: An encounter was noted between Sir George Cockburn 10th Baronet and a female resident of Washington. "Dear God! Is this the weather to which you are accustomed to in this infernal country?" enquired the Admiral. "This is a special interposition of Providence to drive our enemies from our city", the woman allegedly called out to Cockburn. "Not so, Madam", Cockburn retorted. "It is rather to aid your enemies in the destruction of your city", before riding off on horseback.[42] Yet, the British left right after the storm completely unopposed by any American military forces.

text: The Royal Navy reported that it lost one man killed and six wounded in the attack, of whom the fatality and three of the wounded were from the Corps of Colonial Marines.[43]

text: The destruction of the Capitol, including the Senate House and the House of Representatives, the Arsenal, Dockyard, Treasury, War Office, President's mansion, bridge over the Potomac, a frigate and a sloop together with all Materiel was estimated at £365,000.[11]:359

text: A separate British force captured Alexandria, on the south side of the Potomac River, while Ross's troops were leaving Washington. The mayor of Alexandria made a deal and the British refrained from burning the town.[44]

text: President Madison returned to Washington by September 1, on which date he issued a proclamation calling on citizens to defend the District of Columbia.[45] Congress returned and assembled in special session on September 19. Due to the destruction of the Capitol and other public buildings, they initially met in the Post and Patent Office building.[46]

text: In 2013, an episode of the Weather Channel documentary series "Weather That Changed History", entitled "The Thunderstorm That Saved D.C.", was devoted to these events.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Most contemporary American observers, including newspapers representing anti-war Federalists, condemned the destruction of the public buildings as needless vandalism.[47]  Many of the British public were shocked by the burning of the Capitol and other buildings at Washington; such actions were denounced by most leaders of continental Europe, where capital cities had been repeatedly occupied in the course of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and always spared destruction (at least on the part of the occupiers – the famous burning of Moscow that occurred less than two years prior had been an act carried out by the defenders). According to The Annual Register, the burning had "brought a heavy censure on the British character", with some members of Parliament, including the anti-establishment MP Samuel Whitbread,[47] joining in the criticism.

text: The majority of British opinion believed that the burnings were justified following the damage that United States forces had done with its incursions into Canada. In addition, they noted that the United States had been the aggressor, declaring war and initiating it.[48] Several commentators regarded the damages as just revenge for the American destruction of the Parliament buildings and other public buildings in York, the provincial capital of Upper Canada, early in 1813. Sir George Prévost wrote that "as a just retribution, the proud capital at Washington has experienced a similar fate".[49] The Reverend John Strachan, who as Rector of York had witnessed the American acts there, wrote to Thomas Jefferson that the damage to Washington "was a small retaliation after redress had been refused for burnings and depredations, not only of public but private property, committed by them in Canada".[50]

text: When they ultimately returned to Bermuda, the British forces took two pairs of portraits of King George III and his wife, Queen Charlotte, which had been discovered in one of the public buildings. One pair currently hangs in the House of Assembly of the Parliament of Bermuda, and the other in the Cabinet Building, both in the city of Hamilton.[51]

text: Reconstruction[edit]

text: Although the President and military officers returned to Washington only a few days after the British left, Congress did not return for three and half weeks.[52] The Thirteenth Congress officially convened on September 19, 1814, at the Blodgett’s Hotel, one of the few surviving buildings large enough to hold all members.[53] The Blodgett's Hotel also housed the U. S. Patent Office. Although the British had destroyed all public buildings, the Blodgett's Hotel and U.S. Patent Office was spared.[54] It was in this building that Congress met between September 1814 and December 1815 (when construction of the Old Brick Capitol was complete).[55]

text: There was a movement in Congress to relocate the capital after the burning. Congressmen from the North pushed for relocation to Philadelphia or other prominent Union cities, while Southern congressmen claimed that moving the capital would degrade the American sense of dignity and strength (however many southern congressmen simply did not want to move the capital north of the Mason–Dixon line).[56] On September 21, 1814, the House of Representatives voted to strike down a proposal to relocate the capital from Washington, D. C. by a margin of 83 to 54.[57] On February 3, 1815, in an effort to guarantee that the federal government would always remain in the area, Washington property owners funded the building of the Old Brick Capitol,[58] a larger meeting space where the Supreme Court now stands.[59] Construction of the Old Brick Capitol cost $25,000 and was funded primarily through the sale of stocks. The largest donor was Daniel Carroll of Duddington, a rich English property owner in the area.[60] Construction began on July 4, 1814, and concluded in December 1815. Congress met in the Old Brick Capitol between December 1815 and December 1819, when the Capitol reopened.[61]

text: The Capitol reconstruction took much longer than anticipated. The Old Brick Capitol took only five months to complete; the Capitol took twelve years.[18] A committee appointed by Congress to investigate the damage to the District concluded that it was cheaper to rebuild the already existing and damaged buildings than to build an entirely new one.[62] On February 13, 1815, President Madison and Congress passed legislation to borrow $500,000 to repair the public buildings, including the Capitol, "on their present sites in the city of Washington".[63] Benjamin Latrobe, architect of the Capitol who took over for William Thornton in 1803, was rehired to repair the building on April 18, 1815.[64] He immediately requested 60,000 feet of boards, 500 tons of stone, 1,000 barrels of lime, and brick.[64] With the $500,000 borrowed from Washington banks,[61] Latrobe was able to rebuild the two wings and the central dome before being fired in 1818 for being difficult.[65] Charles Bulfinch took over and officially completed the renovations by 1826.[18] Bulfinch modified Latrobe’s design by increasing the height of the Capitol dome to match the diameter of 86 ft. With the reconstruction of the public buildings in Washington, the value of land in the area increased dramatically, paving the way for the expansion of the city that developed in the years leading up to the American Civil War.[66]


document_title: AP Poll

question_text: when does new ap football poll come out

question_tokens: when does new ap football poll come out

text: AP Poll

text: College football[edit]

text: The football poll is released Sundays at 2pm Eastern time during the football season, unless ranked teams have not finished their games.

text: History[edit]

text: The AP college football poll has a long history. The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934.[3] In 1935, AP sports editor Alan J. Gould declared a three way tie for national champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Charles "Cy" Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the poll was born.[4] It has run continuously from 1936.[5]

text: Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA had not held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments). As a result, the public and the media began to acknowledge the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.

text: While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. From 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to the current 25 teams in 1989.

text: The AP began conducting a preseason poll starting in 1950.[6][7]

text: At the end of the 1947 season the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll.[8] Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the lone exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid handsomely, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll (Michigan State was named national champion in the final UPI Coaches Poll, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll).

text: Beginning in the 1968 season, the post bowl game poll became permanent and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.

text: = Clemson 1 vs. Alabama 2=== As of the completion of the 2015 season the number one ranked team has faced the number two ranked team 50 times since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936.[9] The number one team has a record of 28–20–2 against the number two team.[9]

text:
No. 1 vs. No. 2 games

Light blue indicates bowl game

Season
No. 1
Result
No. 2
Site
Event

1943
Notre Dame
35–12
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1943 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1943
Notre Dame
14–13
Iowa Pre-Flight
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN

1944
Army
23–7
Navy
Baltimore Stadium • Baltimore, MD
1944 Army–Navy Game

1945
Army
48–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1945 Army–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1945
Army
32-13
Navy
Philadelphia Municipal Stadium • Philadelphia, PA
1945 Army–Navy Game

1946
Army
0–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game

1962
USC
42–37
Wisconsin
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1963 Rose Bowl

1963
Oklahoma
7–28
Texas
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1963 Red River Shootout game

1963
Texas
28–6
Navy
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1964 Cotton Bowl Classic

1966
Notre Dame
10–10
Michigan State
Spartan Stadium • East Lansing, MI
1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game

1968
Purdue
37–22
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1968 Shillelagh Trophy game

1968
Ohio State
27–16
USC
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1969 Rose Bowl

1969
Texas
15–14
Arkansas
Razorback Stadium • Fayetteville, AR
1969 Texas vs. Arkansas football game

1971
Nebraska
35–31
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Memorial Stadium • Norman, OK
1971 Nebraska vs. Oklahoma football game

1971
Nebraska
38–6
Alabama
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1972 Orange Bowl

1978
Penn State
7–14
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1979 Sugar Bowl

1981
USC
28–24
Oklahoma
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles

1982
Georgia
23–27
Penn State
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1983 Sugar Bowl

1985
Iowa
12–10
Michigan
Kinnick Stadium • Iowa City, IA

1986
Oklahoma
16–28
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL

1986
Miami
10–14
Penn State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1987 Fiesta Bowl

1987
Nebraska
7–17
Oklahoma
Memorial Stadium • Lincoln, NE
1987 Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry game

1987
Oklahoma
14–20
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1988 Orange Bowl

1988
Notre Dame
27–10
USC
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles
1988 Jeweled Shillelagh game

1989
Notre Dame
24–19
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1989 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1991
Florida State
16–17
Miami
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1991 Miami vs. Florida State football game

1992
Miami
13–34
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1993 Sugar Bowl

1993
Florida State
24–31
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1993 Florida State vs. Notre Dame football game

1993
Florida State
18–16
Nebraska
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1994 Orange Bowl

1995
Nebraska
62–24
Florida
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1996 Fiesta Bowl

1996
Florida
21–24
Florida State
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1996 Florida–Florida State football rivalry game

1998
Tennessee
23–16
Florida State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1999 Fiesta Bowl

1999
Florida State
46–29
Virginia Tech
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2000 Sugar Bowl

2002
Miami
24–31 2OT
Ohio State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
2003 Fiesta Bowl

2004
USC
55–19
Oklahoma
Pro Player Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2005 Orange Bowl

2005
USC
38–41
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2006 Rose Bowl

2006
Ohio State
24–7
Texas
Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium • Austin, TX

2006
Ohio State
42–39
Michigan
Ohio Stadium • Columbus, OH
2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State football game

2006
Ohio State
14–41
Florida
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2007 BCS National Championship Game

2007
Ohio State
24–38
LSU
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2008 BCS National Championship Game

2008
Alabama
20–31
Florida
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2008 SEC Championship Game

2008
Florida
24–14
Oklahoma
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2009 BCS National Championship Game

2009
Florida
13–32
Alabama
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2009 SEC Championship Game

2009
Alabama
37–21
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2010 BCS National Championship Game

2010
Auburn
22–19
Oregon
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2011 BCS National Championship Game

2011
LSU
9–6 OT
Alabama
Bryant–Denny Stadium • Tuscaloosa, AL
2011 LSU vs. Alabama football game

2011
LSU
0–21
Alabama
Mercedes-Benz Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2012 BCS National Championship Game

2012
Notre Dame
14–42
Alabama
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2013 BCS National Championship Game

2013
Florida State
34–31
Auburn
Rose Bowl · Pasadena, CA
2014 BCS National Championship Game

2015
Clemson
40–45
Alabama
University of Phoenix Stadium · Glendale, AZ
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship

2016
Alabama
31–35
Clemson
Raymond James Stadium · Tampa, FL
2017 College Football Playoff National Championship

text: AP Poll inclusion in the BCS[edit]

text: In 1997, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was developed to try to unify the poll results by picking two teams for a "real" national championship game. For the first several years the AP Poll factored in the determination of the BCS rankings, along with other factors including the Coaches Poll and computer-based polls. Because of a series of controversies surrounding the BCS, the AP demanded in December, 2004, that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings,[10] and so the 2004–2005 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used for this purpose.

text: In the 2003 season the BCS system broke down when the final BCS standings ranked the University of Southern California (USC) at No. 3 while the two human polls in the system had ranked USC at No. 1. As a result, USC did not play in the BCS' designated national championship game. After defeating another highly ranked team, Michigan, in its final game, the AP Poll kept USC at No. 1 while the Coaches Poll was contractually obligated to select the winner of the BCS game, Louisiana State University (LSU), as the No. 1 team. The resulting split national title was the very problem that the BCS was created to solve, and has been widely considered an embarrassment.[11]

text: In 2004, a new controversy erupted at the end of the season when Auburn and Utah, who both finished the regular season 12–0, were left out of the BCS title game in favor of Oklahoma who also was 12–0 and had won decisively over Colorado in the Big 12 Championship game. USC went on to a win easily over Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl while Auburn and Utah both won their bowl games, leaving three undefeated teams at the end of the season. Also, in that same year, Texas made up late ground on California (Cal) in the BCS standings and as a result grabbed a high-payout, at-large spot in the Rose Bowl. Previous to that poll, Cal had been ranked ahead of Texas in both human polls and the BCS poll. Going into their final game, the Golden Bears were made aware that while margin of victory did not affect computer rankings, it did affect human polls and just eight voters changing their vote could affect the final standings.[12] Both teams won their game that week, but the Texas coach, Mack Brown, had made a public effort to lobby for his team to be moved higher in the ranking. When the human polls were released, Texas remained behind Cal, but it had closed the gap enough so that the BCS poll (which determines placement) placed Texas above Cal, angering both Cal and its conference, the Pac-10.[13] The final poll positions had been unchanged with Cal at No. 4 AP, No. 4 coaches, and No. 6 computers polls and Texas at No. 6 AP, No. 5 coaches, and No. 4 computer polls.[13] The AP Poll voters were caught in the middle because their vote changes were automatically made public, while the votes of the Coaches poll were kept confidential. Although there had been a more substantial shift in the votes of the Coaches Poll, the only clear targets for the ire of fanatical fans were the voters in the AP Poll. While officials from both Cal and the Pac-10 called for the coaches' votes to be made public, the overtures were turned down and did little to solve the problem of AP voters. Cal went on to lose to Texas Tech in the Holiday Bowl. Texas defeated Michigan in the Rose Bowl.

text: Many members of the press who voted in the AP Poll were upset by the controversy and, at the behest of its members, the AP asked that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings. The 2004 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used in the BCS rankings, it was replaced in the BCS equation by the newly created Harris Interactive College Football Poll.[14]

text: Final AP football polls[edit]

text: Other media football polls[edit]

text: The AP Poll is not the only college football poll. The other major poll is the Coaches Poll, which has been sponsored by several organizations: the United Press (1950–1957), the United Press International (1958–1990), USA Today (1991–present), CNN (1991–1996), and ESPN (1997–2005). Having two major polls has led to numerous "split" national titles, where the two polls disagreed on the No. 1 team. This has occurred on eleven different occasions (1954, 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2003).

text: College basketball[edit]

text: In Division I men's and women's college basketball, the AP Poll is largely just a tool to compare schools throughout the season and spark debate, as it has no bearing on postseason play. Generally, all top 25 teams in the poll are invited to the men's and women's NCAA basketball tournament, also known as March Madness. The poll is usually released every Monday and voters' ballots are made public.[15]

text: Men's basketball[edit]

text: The AP began compiling a ranking of the top 20 college men's basketball teams during the 1948–1949 season. It has issued this poll continuously since the 1950–1951 season. North Carolina has been ranked #1 the most times (9) and UCLA has been ranked #1 the second most times (8).

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: The women's basketball poll began during the 1976–1977 season, and was initially compiled by Mel Greenberg and published by The Philadelphia Inquirer. At first, it was a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The initial list of coaches did not include Pat Summitt, who asked to join the group, not to improve her rankings, but because of the lack of media coverage, Summitt believed it would be a good way to stay on top of who the top teams were outside of her own schedule.[16] The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.[17] In 1994, Tennessee started out as No. 1 in the polls with Connecticut at No. 4. After losses by the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, Tennessee and Connecticut were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, headed into a showdown, scheduled as a special event on Martin Luther King day, the only women's basketball game scheduled on that day. Because of the unusual circumstances, the decision was made to hold off the AP voting for one day, to ensure it would be after the game. Connecticut won the game, and moved into first place in the AP poll, published on Tuesday for the only time. (Connecticut went on to complete an undefeated season.)[18] Over the history of the poll, over 255 coaches have had a team represented in polls.[19]

text: NFL football[edit]

text: Beginning in 2012, the AP began issuing a weekly pro football ranking, the AP Pro32 rankings.[20]


document_title: Cowboy hat

question_text: what is the purpose of a cowboy hat

question_tokens: what is the purpose of a cowboy hat

text: Cowboy hat

text: Design[edit]

text: Modern cowboy hats are made of fur-based felt, straw or, less often, leather. They are sold with a tall, rounded crown and a wide flat brim. They have a simple sweat band on the inside to stabilize the fit of the head, and usually a small decorative hat band on the outside of the crown. Hats are customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim. Often a more decorative hat band is added. In some places, "stampede strings" or "wind strings" are also attached.[4] Hats can be manufactured in virtually any color, but are most often seen in shades of beige, brown and black. Beginning in the 1940s, pastel colors were introduced, seen often on hats worn by movie cowboys and rodeo riders.[5] "Today's cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and design since the first one was created in 1865 by J.B. Stetson."[1]

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of a broad-brimmed hat with a high crown worn by a rider on horseback can be seen as far back as the Mongolian horsemen of the 13th century.[6] A tall crown provided insulation, the wide brim, shade. Hot, sunny climates inspire designs with very wide brims such as the sombrero of Mexico.

text: It is not clear when the cowboy hat began to be named as such. European-Americans in the Western United States originally had no standard headwear. People moving West wore many styles of hat, including top hats, derbies, remains of Civil War headgear, sailor hats and everything else.[7][8] Contrary to popular belief, it was the bowler and not the cowboy hat that was the most popular in the American West, prompting Lucius Beebe to call it "the hat that won the West".[9] The working cowboy wore wide-brimmed, high-crowned hats that were most likely adopted from the Mexican Vaqueros before the invention of the modern design.[10] However, original cowboy hats originated in Northern Mexico and the Stetson hats came later. Credit for the American cowboy hat as it is known today is generally given to John Batterson Stetson.[11]

text: The original "Boss of the Plains", manufactured by Stetson in 1865, was flat-brimmed, had a straight sided crown, with rounded corners.[12] These light-weight, waterproof hats, were natural in color, with four-inch crowns and brims.[13] A plain hatband was fitted to adjust head size.[14] The sweatband bore Stetson’s name.[7] While only making one style of hat, they came in different qualities ranging from one-grade material at five dollars apiece to pure beaver felt hats for thirty dollars each.[15] J.B. Stetson was the first to market the "Boss of the Plains" to cowboys, and it has remained the universal image of the American West.[16] The charisma of the West was carried back East when adventurers returned in the expensive “Boss of the plains” style hat.[17] In the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, a hat was an indispensable item in every man’s wardrobe. Stetson focused on expensive, high-quality hats that represented a real investment for the working cowboy and a statement of success for the city dweller.

text: The durability and water-resistance of the original Stetson obtained additional publicity in 1912, when the battleship USS Maine was raised from Havana harbor, where it had sunk in 1898. A Stetson hat was found in the wreck, which had been submerged in seawater for 14 years. The hat had been exposed to ooze, mud, and plant growth. However, the hat was cleaned off, and appeared to be undamaged.[18]

text: Modern designs[edit]

text: Ornamentation, such as bows or buckles, are attached on the left side. Historically this had a practical purpose. Because the majority of people are right-handed, in the absence of a wide brim, bows or feathers on the right side of headwear could interfere with the use of weapons.[6]

text: Inside the cowboy hat is a memorial bow to past hatters, who developed brain damage from treating felt with toxic mercury (which gave rise to the expression "Mad as a hatter"). The bow on the inside hatband at the rear of the hat resembles a skull and crossbones.[19] "Early hatters used mercury in the making of their felt. Their bodies absorbed mercury, and after several years of making hats, the hatters developed violent and uncontrollable muscle twitching. The ignorance of the times caused people to attribute these strange gyrations to madness, not mercury.”[6]

text: The modern cowboy hat has remained basically unchanged in construction and underlying design since the Stetson creation.[1] The cowboy hat quickly developed the capability, even in the early years, to identify its wearer as someone associated with the West.[20] "Within a decade the name "John B. Stetson" became synonymous with the word "hat" in every corner and culture west of the Mississippi."[21] The shape of the hat's crown and brim were often modified by the wearer for fashion and to protect against weather by being softened in hot steam, shaped, and allowed to dry and cool. Felt tends to stay in the shape that it dries.[22] Because of the ease of personalization, it was often possible to tell where a cowboy hat was from, right down to which ranch, simply by looking at the crease in the crown.[16]

text: Later as the mystique of the "Wild West" was popularized by entertainers such as Buffalo Bill Cody and western movies starring actors such as Tom Mix, the Cowboy hat came to symbolize the American West.[23] John Wayne christened them "the hat that won the West".[3] The Boss of the Plains design influenced various wide-brimmed hats worn by farmers and ranchers all over the United States. Later designs were customized for law enforcement, military and motion pictures.

text: The first American law-enforcement agency to adopt Stetson’s western hat as part of their uniform was the Texas Rangers.[24] A Stetson-based design is also part of the ceremonial uniform of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.[25] Presidents Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, and Lyndon B Johnson wore cowboy hats manufactured by Stetson.[24]

text: Creases in cowboy hats are used to give hats individual character and to help users identify with a particular subculture. Creases and dents make it easier to don or remove the hat by grasping it by the crown rather than the brim. A very popular crease used on modern cowboy hats is the Cattlemen. It is creased straight down the center of the crown with a dent on each side. Returning in popularity is the Carlsbad crease, now often called a "Gus crease" after the character Gus McCrae in Lonesome Dove. It maintains a high crown at the back, with the crease sloping steeply toward the front. The rodeo crease, the bullrider's crease (Formerly called the RCA crease, for the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association), the quarter horse crease, and the “tycoon", with a pinched front, are also seen today.[26]

text: "Ten-gallon" hat[edit]

text: Some cowboy hats have been called "ten-gallon" hats. The term came into use about 1925.[27] There are multiple theories for how the concept arose.

text: One theory is that the term "ten-gallon" is a corruption of the Spanish modifier tan galán, which loosely translates as "really handsome"[28] or "so fine". For example, "un sombrero tan galán" translates as "such a fine hat".

text: Another theory is that the term "ten-gallon" is a corruption of the Spanish term galón, which means "galloon", a type of narrow braided trim around the crown, possibly a style adapted by Spanish cowboys. When Texas cowboys misunderstood the word galón for "gallon", the popular, though incorrect, legend may have been born. According to Reynolds and Rand, "The term ten-gallon did not originally refer to the holding capacity of the hat, but to the width of a Mexican sombrero hatband, and is more closely related to this unit of measurement by the Spanish than to the water-holding capacity of a Stetson.”[29]

text: The Stetson hat company boasted that the tight weave of most Stetsons hats made them sufficiently waterproof to be used as a bucket. Early print advertising by Stetson showed a cowboy giving his horse a drink of water from a hat.[30] However, even the Stetson company notes that a "ten-gallon" hat holds only 3 quarts (about 3 L instead of 38 liters).[29][31]

text: Regardless, using a hat as a water container is apt to seriously damage a modern hat. On one hand, fur felt hats were designed in part so they could be used in the rain. However, wool felt hats were designed for dry climates, and most straw hats can only handle a light rain for a brief time.[32] While a very high quality felt hat made from animal fur may hold water,[29] over time, any cloth container will leak. Furthermore, modern hats may react to getting wet differently, though this depends on the quality of the materials used in construction. They are generally likely to lose shape, and the felt may also soften up if they are completely drenched.[33]


document_title: The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)

question_text: when does the new season of handmaids tale come out

text: The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the near future, fertility rates collapse as a result of sexually transmitted diseases and environmental pollution.[1] With this chaos in place, the totalitarian, Christian theonomic government of "Gilead" establishes rule in the former United States in the aftermath of a civil war.[2][3][4] Society is organized by power-hungry leaders along a new, militarized, hierarchical regime of fanaticism and newly created social classes, in which women are brutally subjugated, and by law are not allowed to work, own property, handle money, or read.[4] Worldwide infertility has resulted in the conscription of the few remaining fertile women in Gilead, called handmaids, according to an "extremist interpretation" of a Biblical account.[4] They are assigned to the homes of the ruling elite, where they must submit to ritualized rape with their male masters in order to become pregnant and bear children for those men and their wives.

text: June Osborne, renamed Offred (Elisabeth Moss), is the Handmaid assigned to the home of Gileadan Commander Fred Waterford (Joseph Fiennes) and his wife Serena Joy (Yvonne Strahovski). She is subject to the strictest rules and constant scrutiny; an improper word or deed on her part can lead to her execution. Offred, who is named after her male master like all Handmaids, can remember the "time before", when she was married with a daughter and had her own name and identity, but all she can safely do now is follow the rules of Gilead in the hope that she can someday live free and be reunited with her daughter. The Waterfords, key players in the rise of Gilead, have their own conflicts with the realities of the society they have helped create.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Elisabeth Moss as June Osborne/Offred, a Handmaid to Commander Fred Waterford and his wife, Serena Joy, mother of Hannah and wife of Luke.
Joseph Fiennes as Commander Fred Waterford, a high-ranking government official and Offred's master, who secretly meets with her to form a connection in the hopes she doesn't kill herself like her predecessor. Both he and his wife played an instrumental role in Gilead's founding.
Yvonne Strahovski as Serena Joy Waterford, Fred's wife and a former conservative cultural activist who appears to have accepted her new limited role in a society she helped create. Capable of great cruelty, she desperately wants to become a mother.
Alexis Bledel as Emily/Ofglen (later Ofsteven), Offred's Handmaid shopping partner. She is considered a "gender traitor" (a term used in Gilead in reference to homosexuality) and knows of a resistance movement called Mayday.
Madeline Brewer as Janine/Ofwarren (later Ofdaniel), a Handmaid with a fragile psyche who has had her right eye removed as punishment for misbehavior. She is convinced her Commander truly loves her and that he wants to run away with her and start a family.
Ann Dowd as Aunt Lydia, a brutal instructor and guardian of the Handmaids. However, she seems to develop a fondness for Janine/Ofwarren.
O. T. Fagbenle as Luke Bankole, June's husband from before Gilead and father to their daughter Hannah. As June is his second wife, their union is considered invalid in the new society and Hannah to be illegitimate.
Max Minghella as Nick Blaine, Commander Waterford's driver and a former drifter from Michigan who develops feelings for Offred.
Samira Wiley as Moira, June's best friend since college. With June's help, she is able to escape her life as a handmaid but ultimately goes to work at one of Gilead's many unofficial brothels/sex clubs as a "Jezebel" named Ruby. She appears to have given up the will to escape Gilead altogether until June gives her the strength to escape again.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Amanda Brugel as Rita, a Martha, or housekeeper. Her son was killed in the Gilead takeover.
Ever Carradine as Naomi Putnam, Commander Warren Putnam's wife. She views her baby merely as a status symbol and has no sympathy for the handmaids.
Kristen Gutoskie as Beth, a Martha at Jezebel's. She does business with Nick and appears to have quite an interest in him.
Tattiawna Jones as Ofglen #2, who replaces Emily in the position after she's captured by The Eyes. Her new life in Gilead is much better than her old one and she does not want to jeopardize it. However, she is the very first handmaid to refuse to punish Janine/Ofdaniel in the season finale.
Nina Kiri as Alma, a handmaid already "in service" upon Offred's arrival. She later becomes a contact to a possible resistance group.
Jordana Blake as Hannah Osborne, Offred's daughter.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Teleplay by
Original release date

1
"Offred"
Reed Morano
Bruce Miller
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)

A woman flees from a group of men with guns, but she is captured and separated from her young daughter; her husband has vanished. She is known as Offred, a handmaid to Commander Fred Waterford. Offred goes grocery shopping with her companion, Ofglen. On the way home, they pass by a wall of men who have been hanged for crimes such as being gay, working in an abortion clinic, and being Catholic.[5] In a flashback, various women are indoctrinated into the handmaid roles by Aunt Lydia, who tells them about declining birth rates and that they are "special", serving a Biblical purpose. Offred enters the room and notices Moira, a woman she knew at college. One woman in the class, Janine, answers Lydia back and is shocked with a cattle prod before having her right eye removed as punishment. In the present, Commander Waterford tries to impregnate Offred as she lies in the lap of his wife, Serena Joy. The next day, the handmaids gather in an open field where Lydia announces a man has raped a pregnant handmaid. As punishment, the handmaids are allowed to beat him to death. Janine tells Offred that Moira is dead. On the way home, Ofglen tells Offred that she had a wife and son and warns her there is an Eye (a secret spy) in her house. Through voiceover, Offred reveals her true name, June, and that she intends to survive to find her daughter.

2
"Birth Day"
Reed Morano
Bruce Miller
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)

Offred and Ofglen go shopping and they reveal more personal information about themselves to each other. While they are walking, Offred and Ofglen see St. Paul Catholic Church, the local church they belonged to, being destroyed by the new régime.[6][5] Ofglen tells Offred that the régime also bulldozed St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan to try to "erase" the fact that it ever existed; Offred asks how Ofglen knows this information and she reveals that she is part of a resistance against the government.[7] Ofglen asks her to join, but Offred declines. Nick, Commander Waterford's driver, tells Offred that the Commander wants to see her alone later that night, which is forbidden. Nick also warns her “Don't get too close to [Ofglen]. It's dangerous.” Offred and other handmaids go to a home to witness the birth of Ofwarren's (formerly Janine's) child, named "Angela" by the Puttnams, but "Charlotte" by Ofwarren. In flashbacks, June remembers her own daughter's birth. During this time, healthy births were rare and a woman tried to kidnap Hannah but was arrested. Offred goes to the Commander's office, unsure of what will happen, but he just wants to play Scrabble. She laughs with relief when she returns to her room. The next day, Offred prepares to tell Ofglen what happened that night but when she goes outside, it's a different woman who introduces herself as Ofglen.

3
"Late"
Reed Morano
Bruce Miller
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)

In flashbacks, the rise of Gilead is detailed. June and all the other women at her office are fired because "it's the law now". June and Moira also learn that the government has frozen all women's bank accounts and that they can no longer own property. In the present, Serena takes Offred to see Ofwarren and the baby. Offred fears Ofwarren is delusional and comments on her behaviour to Serena. Nick drives Offred home and there is a black van waiting. Offred is interrogated by an Eye and Aunt Lydia about her knowledge of Ofglen. Offred eventually reveals she knew Ofglen was gay and quotes one of the Beatitudes from the Bible; for this, Lydia shocks Offred with a cattle prod. Before she can leave the room, Offred responds by quoting the Bible back: “Blessed are those who suffer for the cause of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven.” That would have earned her a much more serious beating but Serena intervenes, yelling at them to stop as she believes that Offred is pregnant. Nick visits Offred in her room to check on her and they share an intimate moment. Offred later tells Serena that she's not pregnant so Serena angrily drags her to her room and loudly orders her not to come out. In a flashback, June and Moira attend a protest against the new laws that is suppressed by automatic gunfire and explosives. In the present, Ofglen and the Martha she's in a relationship with are charged with "gender treachery", with Ofglen receiving a lesser sentence because she can still bear children. The Martha is executed by hanging as Ofglen watches, sobbing and horrified. Later, Ofglen (now referred to by her "old" name, Emily) wakes up in a clinic, having undergone female genital mutilation surgery as explained by Aunt Lydia.

4
"Nolite Te Bastardes Carborundorum"
Mike Barker
Leila Gerstein
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)

Offred, who is banished to her room, goes into the closet where she finds the Latin phrase Nolite Te Bastardes Carborundorum scratched into the wall. Rita, the Commander's housekeeper, finds Offred lying in the closet but Offred tells her that she fainted. Believing she is ill, Serena has Offred sent to the hospital for a check-up. While examining Offred, the physician remarks that the Commander is sterile, because "most of those guys are". He offers to impregnate her but she declines. In flashbacks, Aunt Lydia teaches the handmaids (including June and Moira) about the "Ceremony": when the Commander rapes a handmaid. Later, June lures Aunt Elizabeth into the bathroom saying a toilet has overflowed, and Moira threatens the Aunt with a shiv. June and Moira take her to the basement where Moira takes the Aunt's outfit and they tie her up. June and Moira begin their escape, hoping to leave via train to Boston, which has safehouses. When Moira is asking one of the guards for directions, June is approached by another guard who is suspicious of her being alone. Moira gets on the train, leaving June behind, but June smiles at her to letting her know it's okay. June is later punished by having her feet whipped. In the present, Commander Waterford has an unsuccessful Ceremony night with Offred. Later that night, the Commander and Offred have another game of Scrabble where she asks him about the Latin phrase; he tells her it means "Don't let the bastards grind you down". She also inquires about the previous Offred, in which he tells her that she committed suicide because life was unbearable. He makes it known that he doesn't want that to happen again and releases Offred from her solitary confinement.

5
"Faithful"
Mike Barker
Dorothy Fortenberry
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)

Serena suggests to Offred that she have sex with Nick in case Commander Waterford is sterile. At the grocery store, Offred talks to the original Ofglen, now called Ofsteven, but she is not as responsive as she used to be. During a Ceremony night, The Commander touches Offred's thigh, which she later tells him never to do again. Nick reveals to Offred that he is indeed an Eye. At an open-air market, Offred questions Ofsteven about "Mayday", the resistance group. Ofsteven steals one of the guards' cars and proceeds to drive away; in the process, she kills a guard by running him over but she is caught and put into a van. Later that day, Serena leads Offred up to Nick's room where she waits by the door while they have Ceremony-like sex. Flashbacks detail Luke and June's first meeting and courtship. Offred returns to Nick's place alone later that night and they share an intimate night.

6
"A Woman's Place"
Floria Sigismondi
Wendy Straker Hauser
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)

Mexican delegates visit the Commander's home in an effort to create partnerships in trade and see the effects of the Gilead cultural movement. The head of the Mexican delegation is a woman who questions Offred about her experience in Gilead. With great self-control, Offred tells them, "I have found happiness". After the meeting, Offred visits the Commander's office for their usual discussions where some tensions flare up between them. He asks her to kiss him "like you mean it". She kisses the Commander and leaves, ferociously brushing her teeth afterwards. The handmaids are then taken to a party to honour Gilead and show the foreign delegates their success, including presenting the children of Gilead. Offred's friend remarks that the delegates are interested in fertile women as a commodity to be traded between the two nations. The next day, as the delegates are leaving, Offred tells them the brutal truth about Gilead. She pleads for their help, but the Mexican ambassador claims that she cannot help Offred and explains her own country's dire situation. When Offred is left alone with the ambassador's assistant, he claims her husband is alive and that he can send a message to him. Flashbacks detail Serena and Fred's life before and during the beginnings of the Gilead movement. Serena is revealed to have been a conservative cultural activist during the "life before", with a passion and intelligence equal to that of her husband's (as well as a special fondness for movie popcorn). She even wrote a book about her beliefs, titled A Woman's Place, which contained the famous line "do not mistake a woman's meekness for weakness". However, after the takeover, she is shown to be completely shut out of the new government planning (to Fred's dismay). Rather symbolically, as she prepares to accept her new limited role in the society she helped create, a copy of her book is seen being thrown out in the trash.

7
"The Other Side"
Floria Sigismondi
Lynn Renee Maxcy
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)

The episode chronicles the story of Luke after he is separated from his wife and daughter. Luke is shot by Gileadan guards and taken in an ambulance to be interrogated. He escapes when the ambulance gets into an accident and he takes some supplies with him. Evidence of the country's violent takeover is everywhere. After passing out from his wounds, he is awoken by a resistance group (viewed as "undesirables" by Gilead) who are traveling to Canada; these survivors included a Roman Catholic nun, an escaped handmaid, a homosexual man and a daughter of a US army soldier.[8] Initially reluctant, Luke joins them after one of the survivors, Zoe, shows him that Gileadan authorities hanged local townspeople from the rafters of their church for resisting.[9][10] As they are boarding a boat, they are shot at by Gileadan guards, who kill several members of the group. Luke and one of the members, a mute blonde woman who was being trained as a handmaid, survive and flee. Flashbacks prior to Luke, June and their daughter Hannah being separated are detailed. June and Luke get help from Mr. Whitford, a man who knew June's mother. He drives them safely out of town and drops them off at a secluded cabin in the woods. Luke and June wait as Mr. Whitford gets documentation for them to escape to Canada. They are confronted by a hunter, who tells them Whitford has been caught and hanged. But the man says he can help them get over the border. Three years later, Luke and the mute blonde woman are living safely in "Little America", based in Toronto, Ontario. Missing person flyers are posted everywhere in the main administrative office. Luke receives the letter from June, which reads "I love you so much. Save Hannah."

8
"Jezebels"
Kate Dennis
Kira Snyder
May 31, 2017 (2017-05-31)

Commander Waterford gifts Offred with makeup and a dress as he is taking her out for the night. Nick drives them to Boston to an underground brothel where prostitutes known as "Jezebels" work. Offred spots Moira working in the club and they briefly reunite. Nick trades drugs and pregnancy tests for alcohol with one of the brothel's Marthas. Offred goes to see Moira again, where she explains to Offred about how Quakers tried to help her escape, but were caught.[11][12] Moira had the choice of either being sent to the colonies or one of the brothels.[12] Moira tells Offred, "Forget about escaping. This is Gilead. No one gets out." Offred reveals to Moira that she knows Luke is alive. Flashbacks detail how Nick got involved with the Gilead movement and how he became an Eye after reporting a Commander for breaking protocol with his handmaids. There are other flashbacks to the suicide of the previous Offred, with Serena pointedly saying to her husband, "What did you think was going to happen?" In the present, after Nick drives Waterford and Offred home, he ends his relationship with Offred, which upsets and angers her. Offred receives a gift from Serena, a music box. The episode closes with Offred etching "You are not alone" into the closet wall.

9
"The Bridge"
Kate Dennis
Eric Tuchman
June 7, 2017 (2017-06-07)

Ofwarren's daughter is presented to Commander Putnam and his wife. Offred is worried about Ofwarren's mental state but Aunt Lydia informs her that "she's tougher than you think". Ofwarren, now known as Ofdaniel, is taken to her new home. During her first Ceremony night with her new Commander, Ofdaniel forcefully stops it and sobs. At the market, Alma pulls Offred aside and lets her know that she knows about the resistance group "Mayday". Alma tells her to retrieve a package from Jezebel's. Offred convinces Waterford to take her to Jezebel's again that very night. After Offred and Waterford have sex in their room, he presents Moira as he believes a sexual attraction between the two was the reason Offred wanted to come back. Offred talks to Moira about having her retrieve the package from the bar, but she refuses, which angers Offred. Moira seems to have completely given up. Back at the house, Offred is awoken by Serena, who takes her to a bridge where Ofdaniel is standing on the edge with Charlotte. Various Gileadan guards, the Putnams, Waterfords, and Aunt Lydia are also present. Ofdaniel loudly accuses Commander Putnam of lying to her and accuses him of having promised to leave his wife for her. Offred is able to convince Ofdaniel to give her the child but Ofdaniel jumps, attempting suicide. She is pulled out by the guards and lies comatose in hospital with Aunt Lydia by her side, who calls her "stupid". Commander Putnam is later seen being led into a black van by guards due to the accusations made by Ofdaniel. Serena Joy tries to offer comfort to Mrs. Putnam and offers help with the baby, which she curtly refuses. Mrs. Putnam then reminds Serena of the first Offred, saying that "men don't change". Serena is seen going into Fred's office. At the market, Offred is given a package by the butcher, sent by Moira from Jezebels. At the brothel, Moira kills a client and takes his clothes, jubilantly driving off in his car.

10
"Night"
Kari Skogland
Bruce Miller
June 14, 2017 (2017-06-14)

This episode begins with a flashback to when June was first captured and sent to the red center, receiving her first indoctrination lesson from Aunt Lydia. Serena discovers the trips to Jezebel's and strikes Offred in anger before forcing her to take a pregnancy test, which is positive. Serena then directs her anger at her husband, telling him about the pregnancy and that the child is not his. She also says he is weak and that God would never allow him to pass on that weakness. On learning the news, Nick shares a brief, tender moment with Offred. Serena and Offred visit the house that Offred's daughter, Hannah, now lives; Offred can see her daughter through a gate. While Serena does not allow Offred to reveal herself to Hannah, she assures her that she is doing fine. Serena also warns Offred that as long as nothing bad happens to her child, nothing bad will happen to Hannah. Offred furiously curses Serena in a breathless rant, only to be told to be quiet; yelling is not good for the baby. Fred participates in Commander Putnam’s trial: he himself is all for leniency but is told there have been too many occurrences of this kind of sin recently and an example has to be made. Mrs. Putnam herself has asked that her husband receive the harshest punishment possible, as she fears for his immortal soul. Ultimately, Putnam's left hand is amputated. In the evening, Offred pleads with Fred to protect her daughter. He asks if he is the father of her child and she says "of course", to which he replies "you do that so well." Later, Fred is seen being quite gentle and conciliatory towards Serena. The package from Jezebel's is revealed to contain letters from women who have lost family members and been enslaved in the Gilead takeover. Later, a somewhat emotional Aunt Lydia gathers the handmaids for an execution: they are to stone someone who has endangered a child. The convict turns out to be Janine/Ofdaniel. The handmaids hesitate and Ofglen #2 is brutally beaten when she breaks rank and voices her angry refusal. The other women, beginning with Offred, drop their stones, each saying "I'm sorry, Aunt Lydia" (a phrase they were taught early in their indoctrination). The guards are ready to kill them all, but Aunt Lydia frantically tells them that the handmaids are her responsibility. She tells the women to go home, assuring them that there will be consequences. Not long after, a black van comes for Offred, much to Fred and Serena's surprise and indignation. Nick quietly urges her to trust him and go with them. As she is being led out, Offred whispers to Rita where to find the hidden letters. In a side story, Moira makes it to Canada and is reunited with Luke.

text: Production[edit]

text: A straight-to-series order by Hulu of The Handmaid's Tale was announced in April 2016, with Elisabeth Moss set to star.[13] Based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood, the series was created by Bruce Miller, who is also an executive producer with Daniel Wilson, Fran Sears, and Warren Littlefield.[13] Atwood serves as consulting producer giving feedback on some of the areas where the series expands or modernizes the book,[13][14], and also had a small cameo role in the first episode.[15] Moss is also a producer.[16] In June 2016, Reed Morano was announced as director of the series.[17] Samira Wiley, Max Minghella, and Ann Dowd joined the cast in July 2016.[18][19][20] Joseph Fiennes, Madeline Brewer and Yvonne Strahovski were cast in August 2016,[21][22][23] followed by O.T. Fagbenle and Amanda Brugel in September 2016.[24][25] In October 2016, Ever Carradine joined the cast,[26] and Alexis Bledel was added in January 2017.[27]

text: Filming on the series took place in Toronto, Mississauga, Hamilton, and Cambridge, Ontario from September 2016 to February 2017.[28][29] The first full trailer of the TV series was released by Hulu on YouTube on March 23, 2017.[30] The series premiered on April 26, 2017.[31]

text: On May 3, 2017, The Handmaid's Tale was renewed for a second season to premiere in 2018.[32] Moss told the news media that the subsequent episodes will cover further developments in the story, filling in some of the unanswered questions and continuing the narrative already "finished" in the book.[33] The second season will consist of 13 episodes and will begin filming in fall 2017.[34] Alexis Bledel will return as a series regular. Showrunner Bruce Miller stated that he envisioned ten seasons of the show, stating "Well, you know, honestly, when I started, I tried to game out in my head what would ten seasons be like? If you hit a home run, you want energy to go around the bases, you want enough story to keep going, if you can hook the audience to care about these people enough that they’re actually crying at the finale."[35]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The first three episodes of the series premiered on April 26, 2017, with the subsequent seven episodes added on a weekly basis.[31][36] In Canada, the series is broadcast by Bravo, beginning with the first two episodes premiering on April 30.[37] In Scandinavia, the series is available on HBO Nordic.[38] In the UK and Ireland, the series premiered on May 28, 2017 and airs every Sunday on Channel 4.[39]

text: In New Zealand, the series was released on the subscription video on demand service Lightbox on June 8, 2017.[40] In Australia, the series premiered on the TV channel SBS's video streaming service SBS on Demand on July 6, 2017.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Handmaid's Tale has received high acclaim from television critics. On Metacritic, it has a score of 92 out of 100 based on 40 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[42] The season has a 99% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 8.94 out of 10 based on 88 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "Haunting and vivid, The Handmaid's Tale is an endlessly engrossing adaptation of Margaret Atwood's dystopian novel that's anchored by a terrific central performance from Elisabeth Moss."[43] Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter called it "probably the spring's best new show and certainly its most important".[44] Jen Chaney of Vulture gave it a highly positive review, and wrote that it is "A faithful adaptation of the book that also brings new layers to Atwood's totalitarian, sexist world of forced surrogate motherhood" and that "this series is meticulously paced, brutal, visually stunning, and so suspenseful from moment to moment that only at the end of each hour will you feel fully at liberty to exhale".[45]

text: There was much debate on whether parallels could be drawn between the series (and by extension, the book it is based on) and American society following Donald Trump's and Mike Pence's election as President of the United States and Vice President of the United States, respectively.[46][47]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients
Result

2017

Primetime Emmy Awards[48]
Outstanding Drama Series
The Handmaid's Tale
Won

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Elisabeth Moss
Won

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Ann Dowd
Won

Samira Wiley
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series
Reed Morano for "Offred"
Won

Kate Dennis for "The Bridge"
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Bruce Miller for "Offred"
Won

Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series
Alexis Bledel
Won

Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Russell Scott, Sharon Bialy, Sherry Thomas
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour)
Colin Watkinson for "Offred"
Won

Outstanding Period/Fantasy Costumes for a Series, Limited Series, or Movie
Ane Crabtree, Sheena Wichary for "Offred"
Nominated

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)
Julie Berghoff, Evan Webber, Sophie Neudorfer for "Offred"
Won

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role
Brendan Taylor, Stephen Lebed, Leo Bovell, Martin O'Brien, Winston Lee, Kelly Knauff, Zach Dembinski, Mike Suta, Cameron Kerr for "Birth Day"
Nominated

TCA Awards[49]
Program of the Year
The Handmaid's Tale
Won

Outstanding Achievement in Drama
Won

Outstanding New Program
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Drama
Elisabeth Moss
Nominated

Gold Derby TV Awards[50]
Drama Series
The Handmaid's Tale
Nominated

Drama Actress
Elisabeth Moss
Won

Drama Guest Actress
Alexis Bledel
Won