document_title: List of The Fosters episodes

question_text: when did season 4 of the fosters come out

text: List of The Fosters episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)11"Pilot"Timothy BusfieldBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJune 3, 2013 (2013-06-03)1.42[2]
22"Consequently"Timothy BusfieldBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJune 10, 2013 (2013-06-10)1.70[3]
33"Hostile Acts"Melanie MayronDavid EhrmanJune 17, 2013 (2013-06-17)1.25[4]
44"Quinceañera"Joanna KernsJoanna JohnsonJune 24, 2013 (2013-06-24)1.89[5]
55"The Morning After"Bethany RooneyPaul SciarrottaJuly 1, 2013 (2013-07-01)1.78[6]
66"Saturday"Norman BuckleyMarissa Jo CerarJuly 8, 2013 (2013-07-08)1.77[7]
77"The Fallout"Jeff MelmanStory by : Zoila Amelia Galeano Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJuly 15, 2013 (2013-07-15)1.79[8]
88"Clean"Millicent SheltonStory by : David Ehrman & Paul Sciarrotta Teleplay by : David EhrmanJuly 22, 2013 (2013-07-22)1.89[9]
99"Vigil"David PaymerJoanna JohnsonJuly 29, 2013 (2013-07-29)1.87[10]
1010"I Do"James HaymanBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 5, 2013 (2013-08-05)2.07[11]
1111"The Honeymoon"James HaymanBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJanuary 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)1.92[12]
1212"House and Home"Martha MitchellJoanna JohnsonJanuary 20, 2014 (2014-01-20)2.14[13]
1313"Things Unsaid"Joanna KernsMarissa Jo CerarJanuary 27, 2014 (2014-01-27)1.88[14]
1414"Family Day"Elodie KeeneMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonFebruary 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)1.80[15]
1515"Padre"Millicent SheltonStory by : Tamara P. Carter Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeFebruary 10, 2014 (2014-02-10)1.83[16]
1616"Us Against The World"Lee RoseKelly FullertonFebruary 17, 2014 (2014-02-17)1.68[17]
1717"Kids in the Hall"Michael GrossmanMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonFebruary 24, 2014 (2014-02-24)1.48[18]
1818"Escapes and Reversals"Melanie MayronStory by : Joanna Johnson Teleplay by : Thomas HigginsMarch 3, 2014 (2014-03-03)1.51[19]
1919"Don't Let Go"Zetna FuentesStory by : Marissa Jo Cerar & Zoila Amelia Galeano Teleplay by : Kelly Fullerton & Marissa Jo CerarMarch 10, 2014 (2014-03-10)1.21[20]
2020"Metropolis"Martha MitchellJoanna JohnsonMarch 17, 2014 (2014-03-17)1.20[21]
2121"Adoption Day"Norman BuckleyBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeMarch 24, 2014 (2014-03-24)1.29[22]

text: Season 2 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)221"Things Unknown"Norman BuckleyBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJune 16, 2014 (2014-06-16)1.47[23]
232"Take Me Out"Elodie KeeneMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonJune 23, 2014 (2014-06-23)1.45[24]
243"Play"Martha MitchellThomas HigginsJune 30, 2014 (2014-06-30)1.37[25]
254"Say Something"Zetna FuentesKathleen McGhee-AndersonJuly 7, 2014 (2014-07-07)1.42[26]
265"Truth Be Told"Ron LagomarsinoKelly FullertonJuly 14, 2014 (2014-07-14)1.61[27]
276"Mother"Lee RoseJoanna JohnsonJuly 21, 2014 (2014-07-21)1.51[28]
287"The Longest Day"Nzingha StewartMarissa Jo CerarJuly 28, 2014 (2014-07-28)1.44[29]
298"Girls Reunited"Daisy MayerStory by : Joanna Johnson Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 4, 2014 (2014-08-04)1.38[30]
309"Leaky Faucets"Lee RoseStory by : Cristian Martinez Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 11, 2014 (2014-08-11)1.35[31]
3110"Someone's Little Sister"Norman BuckleyJoanna JohnsonAugust 18, 2014 (2014-08-18)1.48[32]
3211"Christmas Past"Norman BuckleyJoanna JohnsonDecember 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)1.93[33]
3312"Over Under"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJanuary 19, 2015 (2015-01-19)1.45[34]
3413"Stay"Elodie KeeneMarissa Jo CerarJanuary 26, 2015 (2015-01-26)1.20[35]
3514"Mother Nature"Martha MitchellThomas HigginsFebruary 2, 2015 (2015-02-02)1.26[36]
3615"Light of Day"Ron LagomarsinoWade Solomon & Megan LynnFebruary 9, 2015 (2015-02-09)1.24[37]
3716"If You Only Knew"Aprill WinneyKelly FullertonFebruary 16, 2015 (2015-02-16)1.28[38]
3817"The Silence She Keeps"Melanie MayronCristian Martinez & Dan RichterFebruary 23, 2015 (2015-02-23)1.25[39]
3918"Now Hear This"Rob MorrowThomas HigginsMarch 2, 2015 (2015-03-02)1.23[40]
4019"Justify the Means"Jay KarasJoanna JohnsonMarch 9, 2015 (2015-03-09)1.14[41]
4120"Not that Kind of Girl"Lee RoseStory by : Kris Q. Rehl Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeMarch 16, 2015 (2015-03-16)1.32[42]
4221"The End of the Beginning"Zetna FuentesJoanna Johnson and Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeMarch 23, 2015 (2015-03-23)1.45[43]

text: Season 3 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)431"Wreckage"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJune 8, 2015 (2015-06-08)1.26[44]
442"Father's Day"Aprill WinneyJoanna JohnsonJune 15, 2015 (2015-06-15)0.97[45]
453"Déjà Vu"Charlie StrattonThomas HigginsJune 22, 2015 (2015-06-22)1.00[46]
464"More Than Words"Daisy MayerMarissa Jo CerarJune 29, 2015 (2015-06-29)1.18[47]
475"Going South"Elodie KeeneMichael MacLennanJuly 6, 2015 (2015-07-06)1.30[48]
486"It's My Party"Kees Van OostrumMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonJuly 13, 2015 (2015-07-13)1.30[49]
497"Faith, Hope, Love"Jann TurnerCristian Martinez & Kris Q. RehlJuly 20, 2015 (2015-07-20)1.33[50]
508"Daughters"Chandra WilsonElle JohnsonAugust 3, 2015 (2015-08-03)1.23[51]
519"Idyllwild"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonAugust 10, 2015 (2015-08-10)1.06[52]
5210"Lucky"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 17, 2015 (2015-08-17)1.24[53]
5311"First Impressions"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJanuary 25, 2016 (2016-01-25)1.05[54]
5412"Mixed Messages"Rich NeweyThomas HigginsFebruary 1, 2016 (2016-02-01)0.79[55]
5513"If and When"Elodie KeeneAnne MeredithFebruary 8, 2016 (2016-02-08)0.84[56]
5614"Under Water"Ron LagomarsinoJoanna JohnsonFebruary 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)0.81[57]
5715"Minor Offenses"Rob MorrowMichael MacLennanFebruary 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)0.79[58]
5816"EQ"Anne RentonAnne MeredithFebruary 29, 2016 (2016-02-29)0.67[59]
5917"Sixteen"Elodie KeeneMarissa Jo CerarMarch 7, 2016 (2016-03-07)0.84[60]
6018"Rehearsal"Norman BuckleyMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonMarch 14, 2016 (2016-03-14)0.73[61]
6119"The Show"Bradley BredewegStory by : Joanna Johnson Teleplay by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeMarch 21, 2016 (2016-03-21)0.80[62]
6220"Kingdom Come"Joanna JohnsonStory by : Bradley Bredeweg & Peter Paige Teleplay by : Joanna JohnsonMarch 28, 2016 (2016-03-28)0.77[63]

text: Season 4 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)631"Potential Energy"Rob MorrowBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJune 20, 2016 (2016-06-20)0.91[64]
642"Safe"Rob MorrowJoanna JohnsonJune 27, 2016 (2016-06-27)1.05[65]
653"Trust"Elodie KeeneAnne MeredithJuly 11, 2016 (2016-07-11)0.80[66]
664"Now for Then"Silas HowardConstance M. BurgeJuly 18, 2016 (2016-07-18)0.82[67]
675"Forty"Velvet Andrews SmithMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonJuly 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)0.84[68]
686"Justify"Kelli WilliamsCristian MartinezAugust 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)0.93[69]
697"Highs and Lows"Chandra WilsonKris Q. RehlAugust 8, 2016 (2016-08-08)0.80[70]
708"Girl Code"Aprill WinneyStory by : Dan Richter Teleplay by : Megan Lynn & Wade SolomonAugust 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)0.88[71]
719"New York"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonAugust 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)0.88[72]
7210"Collateral Damage"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)0.99[73]
7311"Insult to Injury"Rob MorrowBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJanuary 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)0.92[74]
7412"Dream a Little Dream"Rob MorrowJoanna JohnsonFebruary 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)0.67[75]
7513"Cruel and Unusual"Norman BuckleyAnne MeredithFebruary 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)0.76[76]
7614"Doors and Windows"Susan FlanneryConstance M. BurgeFebruary 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)0.73[77]
7715"Sex Ed"Michael MedicoKris Q. RehlFebruary 28, 2017 (2017-02-28)0.66[78]
7816"The Long Haul"Bradley BredewegMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonMarch 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)0.71[79]
7917"Diamond in the Rough"Lily MariyeCristian MartinezMarch 21, 2017 (2017-03-21)0.69[80]
8018"Dirty Laundry"Laura Nisbet PetersMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonMarch 28, 2017 (2017-03-28)0.69[81]
8119"Who Knows"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonApril 4, 2017 (2017-04-04)0.62[82]
8220"Until Tomorrow"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeApril 11, 2017 (2017-04-11)0.72[83]

text: Season 5 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)831"Resist"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJuly 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)0.87[84]
842"Exterminate Her"Danny NucciJoanna JohnsonJuly 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)0.69[85]
853"Contact"Aprill WinneyAnne MeredithJuly 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)0.76[86]
864"Too Fast, Too Furious"Tate DonovanCristian MartinezAugust 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)0.66[87]
875"Telling"Anne RentonKris Q. RehlAugust 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)0.69[88]
886"Welcome to the Jungler"Kelli WilliamsMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonAugust 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)0.61[89]
897"Chasing Waterfalls"Chandra WilsonBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeAugust 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)0.58[90]
908"Engaged"Kees Van OostrumMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonAugust 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)0.58[91]
919"Prom"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonSeptember 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)0.74[92]
9210"Sanctuary"Rob MorrowBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeJanuary 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)0.52[93]
9311"Invisible"Laura Nisbet PetersStory by : Kimberly Ndombe Teleplay by : Megan Lynn & Wade SolomonJanuary 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)0.70[94]
9412"#IWasMadeinAmerica"Lee RoseAnne MeredithJanuary 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)0.62[95]
9513"Line in the Sand"Cheryl DunyeDan RichterJanuary 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)0.56[96]
9614"Scars"Kelli WilliamsCristian Martinez & Kris Q. RehlFebruary 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)0.57[97]
9715"Mother's Day"Bradley BredewegJoanna JohnsonFebruary 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)0.52[98]
9816"Giving Up the Ghost"Michael MedicoMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonFebruary 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)0.54[99]
9917"Makeover"Laura Nisbet PetersCristian Martinez & Kris Q. RehlMarch 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)0.50[100]
10018"Just Say Yes"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonMarch 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)0.53[101]
10119"Many Roads"Peter PaigeBradley Bredeweg & Peter PaigeMarch 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)0.48[101]
10220"Meet the Fosters"Michael MedicoMegan Lynn & Wade SolomonJune 4, 2018 (2018-06-04)0.63[102]
10321"Turks & Caicos"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonJune 5, 2018 (2018-06-05)0.61[103]
10422"Where The Heart Is"Joanna JohnsonJoanna JohnsonJune 6, 2018 (2018-06-06)0.63[104]

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: The Fosters: Girls United[edit]

text: At the start of the second part of the first season of The Fosters, a five-episode web series called The Fosters: Girls United was confirmed by ABC Family. It stars Maia Mitchell, Daffany Clark, Cherinda Kincherlow, Annamarie Kenoyer, Alicia Sixtos, Hayley Kiyoko, and Angela Gibbs. Girls United premiered on ABC Family's official YouTube account on February 3, 2014.[105] Each episode runs approximately 5 minutes long.

text:
No.

Title

Originally posted
1"Run Baby Run"February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
Gabi goes missing and Girls United counselor, Michelle, calls a meeting to ask if the girls know anything about where she may have run off to.
2"Stab in the Back"February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
The girls discuss who of them can be pregnant.
3"Got Your Back"February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
Callie and Kiara share some mutual secrets. Callie also discovers that Becka harms herself with a knife.
4"Scorpion Kings"February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
Gabi's father visits the Girls United home for some information about Gabi.
5"United We Stand"February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
Gabi comes back and reveals she went away because she has HIV.

text: Ratings[edit]


document_title: Mise-en-scène

question_text: what are the two major visual components of mise-en-scène

root

text: Mise-en-scène

text: Definition in film studies[edit]

text: When applied to the cinema, mise-en-scène refers to everything that appears before the camera and its arrangement—composition, sets, props, actors, costumes, and lighting.[2] The “mise-en-scène”, along with the cinematography and editing of a film, influence the verisimilitude or believability of a film in the eyes of its viewers.[3] The various elements of design help express a film’s vision by generating a sense of time and space, as well as setting a mood, and sometimes suggesting a character’s state of mind.[4] “Mise-en-scène” also includes the composition, which consists of the positioning and movement of actors, as well as objects, in the shot.[4] These are all the areas overseen by the director. One of the most important people that collaborates with the director is the production designer.[4] These two work closely to perfect all of the aspects of the “mise-en-scène” a considerable amount of time before the actual photography even begins.[5] The production designer is generally responsible for the general look of the movie, leading various departments that are in charge of individual sets, locations, props, and costumes, among other things.[4] Andre Bazin, a well-known French film critic and film theorist, describes the mise-en-scene aesthetic as emphasizing choreographed movement within the scene rather than through editing.[5]

tag: p

text: Because of its relationship to shot blocking, mise-en-scène is also a term sometimes used among professional screenwriters to indicate descriptive (action) paragraphs between the dialog.[6]

text: Key aspects[edit]

text: Set design[7]

tag: ul

text: Makeup and hair styles[11]

text: Aspect ratio[14]:pp.42–44


document_title: Oliver Valentine

question_text: who did oliver valentine marry in holby city

text: Oliver Valentine

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Oliver arrives at Holby City Hospital as an F1 doctor, alongside his sister Penny (Emma Catherwood). He acquires Penny's preferred rotation on the Acute Assessment Unit (AAU),[6] where he develops a flirtatious relationship with ward sister Chrissie Williams (Tina Hobley).[7] Within weeks, their relationship becomes sexual.[8] Chrissie becomes pregnant,[9] but later miscarries. They break up, and Oliver moves on to date ward sister Daisha Anderson (Rebecca Grant).[10] A transfer to the cardiothoracic surgery ward has him working under registrar Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel).[11] While Daisha spends Christmas with her family in the Philippines, Oliver kisses Jac.[12] Upon her return, Daisha learns of the tryst.[13] Soon thereafter, she is shot during a hostage situation and Oliver struggles to cope.[14] Although she recovers, she opts to leave Holby and move back to the Philippines.[15]

text: Oliver discovers that Penny has been having a relationship with a patient, Scott (Joshua Bowman), endangering her career.[13] She plans to move to Spain with him and abandon her training, but Oliver convinces Scott to leave without her.[16] Keen to earn praise from his consultants, Connie Beauchamp (Amanda Mealing) and Elliot Hope (Paul Bradley), Oliver claims Penny's research as his own, and is awarded her place in an operation.[17] He is promoted to F2 level, and betrays Penny further by revealing her affair with Scott, which results in her failing her cardiothoracic rotation and being moved to the AAU.[18] A rivalry develops between them, but they are forced to call a truce when a series of pranks endanger a patient.[19]

text: Registrar Greg Douglas (Edward MacLiam) shirks his responsibilities by excessively delegating to Oliver;[20] to his dismay, Connie appoints him as Oliver's mentor.[21] Oliver pushes himself too far in an attempt to impress Greg, which earns the senior doctor a reprimand for leaving him unsupervised.[22] Oliver tries to earn back Greg's respect, but panics while attempting to insert a chest drain, and has to be rescued by ward sister Frieda Petrenko (Olga Fedori).[23] He invites her for a drink as thanks, but when Penny discovers that Frieda has romantic feelings for him, Oliver cancels as he does not reciprocate them.[24] Oliver's confidence is further damaged when he mishandles a case, which results in a mother leaving her son to die alone.[25] He moves back to the AAU, where he is shaken by an encounter with the boy's mother, which causes him to panic and embarrass himself in theatre.[26] Penny's career begins to improve, and Oliver resents her when she is given registrar duties for a shift.[27] Having realised that he is close to failing his F2 year, Oliver implicates Penny in a serious surgical error of his own doing, but is caught by registrar Antoine Malick (Jimmy Akingbola).[28]

text: When a patient unexpectedly dies in his care, Oliver breaks down. He confesses to Penny that he cheated in medical school by swapping one of their exam papers, so he passed on her merit while she was forced to repeat a year.[29] Furious, Penny tells Oliver that he must confess to Director of Surgery Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry). He writes a letter of resignation, but deletes it after a positive day working alongside Frieda, who encourages him to repeat his F2 year.[30] After giving Oliver a final chance to confess, Penny is called away to the site of a train crash. Oliver is left alone on AAU, where he successfully performs a difficult procedure. Hopeful that Penny will forgive him, Oliver is devastated to learn that she has been killed in an accident at the crash site.[31] Unable to cope in the aftermath of her death, Oliver turns to drugs and alcohol. He sends Hanssen a letter of resignation, which includes a full confession. His father Tony (Simon Shepherd) offers him money to choose a new career, and claims that Oliver always had more potential than Penny. This angers Oliver, who endangers his own life to save a patient and feels reinvigorated. Hanssen is impressed by Oliver's patient treatment, and overlooks his cheating to allow him a fresh start.[32]

text: Oliver continues and succeeds in his second F2 year under Elliot, who is his mentor. He begins a relationship with F1 Tara Lo (Jing Lusi). He learns she has a brain tumor and becomes fixated on finding a cure. She learns to accept it. Oliver begins spending more time at Tara's flat and later moves in. Oliver and Tara marry the day before she has a major operation.[33] Oliver and Tara prepare for her operation, but there are complications in surgery and she dies.[34]

text: Anderson returns as Oliver in the episode "I Will Honour Christmas in My Heart" - Series 17, Episode 11, for just one episode. He makes a full return from Series 17, Episode 30 and onwards, as the new registrar on Darwin.

text: In season 19 Ollie and Zosia get back together. After numerous troubles and storylines including an abortion and box of antiques. Ollie finally proposes with a haribow ring in the episode named unbreakable. Furthermore, in the episode project aurous, Zollie makes their engagement official after Ollie gives Zosia a proper engagement ring.

text: Development[edit]

text: Creation and characterisation[edit]

text:
“
Careless and cocksure, Oliver Valentine has always been something of a golden boy, leaving sister Penny in his shadow. But Ollie's big, blue eyes belie darker truths that lead to his deceptive and sometimes devious nature. Yet what Ollie lacks in confidence he makes up for with his natural talent in theatre and boyish charm. But how far that will get him remains to be seen.
”

— BBC Online.[1]

tag: table

text: The impending arrival of sibling trainee doctors Oliver and Penny was announced in May 2009, by executive producer Tony McHale and series producer Diana Kyle. The latter described them both as "full of energy and enthusiasm", and asserted that they would have an "instant impact on the wards at every level." They were deemed talented physicians with the desire to achieve by McHale, who noted that "one is more naturally gifted than the other", and suggested that their personal lives would cause conflict with their professional ones, as they attempted to progress at work.[35]

text: Actor James Anderson was cast as Oliver. Before assuming the role, he shadowed a real F1 doctor on ward rounds – an experience he found difficult. "We were approaching beds in which people were waking up from heart attacks and coming around quite distressed sometimes. It was really difficult to be there with a patient. It's harder than you think and I got quite emotional."[36] Anderson underwent such extensive training with the programme's medical advisors that he jested in June 2009, "If I started medical training now, I could probably graduate as a doctor coming out of the show!"[37] The actor experienced "an extended period of anxiety" upon joining the series, and recalls: "It took me about six months to have any sense of what was going on and then the second six months to feel comfortable [...] but only because it's such a well-oiled machine. You're coming in as a little cog, so you have to discover how to work in that and that takes a while."[36]

text: BBC Online described Oliver's positive qualities as being his "boyishly charming" manner and his general determination.[1] Jane Simon of the Daily Mirror deemed him a "soft touch" when he went to great lengths to help a young patient,[38] and a Daily Mail review suggested that Oliver was "really quite sweet", despite his apparent smugness.[39] Oliver is flawed by a lack of confidence and his deceptive nature.[1] He has a tendency to land his work colleagues in trouble, which has been conveyed through storylines with Daisha and Greg.[36][40] What's on TV highlighted Oliver's "lack of competence" and called him petulant for betraying Penny after his promotion to F2 level.[41] When his career began to deteriorate, the publication deemed him reckless,[42] then found him hapless in the aftermath of her death, in reference to the way he "[sank] into despair, finding comfort in drink, drugs and his dead sister's flatmate."[43] The Sunday Mirror's Kevin O'Sullivan reflected on Oliver's development since his arrival, with the observation, "Once he was the strutting ladies' man of the wards, a veritable medical Casanova who exuded confidence and charm. But time has taken its toll on Oliver Valentine – and now he is just a shadow of his former self" – a devastated and broken man, "tormented by the memory of his sibling and his guilty conscience."[44]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Introduced as a Lothario-type character, according to Anderson, Oliver "had a reputation for being the hospital bike."[3] His first relationship developed when he attracted the attention of ward sisters Chrissie Williams and Daisha Anderson. Daisha showed less interest in him than Chrissie, of whose attentiveness Anderson said, "I think any hot-blooded male would find that attractive". Oliver appeared to ruin his chances with Daisha when he encouraged a patient to complain about her diagnosis – though Anderson noted, "he does apologise to Daisha, and sweetly gives her a cupcake". This left Chrissie free to pursue Oliver. Before their relationship began, Anderson opined "She's gorgeous, and Oliver would be a fool not to go out with her." He thought that Oliver and Chrissie's "unflappable" natures made them a good fit for one another, though wondered if they were too alike.[40] As an older woman, their relationship was described as a "toyboy storyline" for Chrissie. Hobley admitted to having fun with the storyline due to the real age gap between herself and Anderson. She described Chrissie's feelings for Oliver, stating: "Chrissie is having a lot of fun with him. But deep down she's really hoping to find true love – she's been quite unlucky so far. She's not getting any younger and she's worried about missing out on kids."[45] Producers Kyle and McHale revealed that the pair could have been a "perfect match", however said the romance would not run smoothly.[35]

text: Anderson believed it was a bad idea for his character to get involved with a work colleague.[40] Oliver began to doubt the relationship, and on Penny's advice, convinced Chrissie to break up with him without ruining his career.[46][47] Chrissie took the break up well, and Hobley told What's on TV that her character did not mind, as "it was only a bit of fun. She never planned on settling down with him."[48] It was then announced Chrissie would become pregnant with Oliver's child.[49] Hobley assessed that Chrissie was surprised to learn that she was pregnant, but pleased, as she had lost a baby five years previously and did not think that she was capable of conceiving another.[50] Oliver was displeased by the news,[51] but Chrissie had no expectations that he should provide for her. Her father, nursing consultant Mark Williams (Robert Powell), urged him to "stand up to the mark and be a proper man". However, soon after, Chrissie miscarried their unborn baby.[52]

text: Oliver went on to share a kiss with Jac, a photograph of which was spread around the hospital by Penny,[53] prompting Oliver to try and hide it from Daisha.[54] Ward sister Frieda Petrenko developed a crush on him, and was pleased when he invited her for a drink, however Oliver did not reciprocate her feelings and later cancelled.[24][55] Fedori commented in January 2011 that she and Anderson had had little "juicy" material, more "little scenes here and there". Asked about the future of Frieda and Oliver's relationship, she was unwilling to divulge potential plots, but noted, "There's been talk about things heading in all sorts of directions".[56]

text: Oliver initially had a "friendly rivalry" with sister Penny.[57] Catherwood believes they always had "a really good relationship".[58] She characterised the siblings' relationship as "one of constant rivalry but ultimately unconditional support", and noted, "Everything always comes more easily to Oliver than Penny – she has spent her life playing catch up".[59] When Penny considered giving her career up over a patient she was romantically involved with, in order to protect her, Oliver ruined the romance.[58][60] Their relationship remained unaffected by this: Catherwood revealed, "Well they are brother and sister, so you forgive your family for enormous amounts. So it doesn't affect their relationship, if anything he is there as soon as she breaks down he's there to catch her, full of apologies and support." She said the situation would bring them closer together, because it is a typical scenario siblings go through.[58] When Catherwood quit the series, Penny was killed whilst attempting to rescue a patient from a train crash. Her death was not shown on-screen: a conscious decision made by the production team to fully focus on Oliver's story. Series producer Myar Craig Brown revealed that the big focus would be on the effect it had on Oliver. Forced to come to terms with her death, he faced an "emotional rollercoaster of feeling that he was second best to her".[61]

text: Career[edit]

text: Having arrived at Holby as an F1, Oliver quickly progressed onto his F2 training. This resulted in "professional jealousy" forming with Penny, and in retaliation to their disagreements, he put her career in jeopardy by revealing her affair.[41][62] Registrar Greg Douglas was appointed as Oliver's mentor. The fast-paced storyline saw Greg initially "kick[ing] against his newfound responsibility", before realising that Oliver could be beneficial to his own career, which resulted in an "unlikely friendship" forming between them. Though a "fairly light, buddy-buddy" storyline to begin with, Anderson felt that filming their scenes was "intensive". Speaking of their friendship, Anderson explained: "We start off on the wrong foot with each other and we're competitive, which is unhelpful to the patients and (initially) we're not out to help one another at all. But they have similarities... in terms of dropping people in it." The pace of the storyline had to be changed when Anderson injured his knee upon falling down a ten foot cellar.[36] The pair clashed over conflicting medical opinions on patient care,[63] and their friendship soon created a negative effect over Oliver's work ethic. Greg's jokes at his expense left Oliver unable to carry out simple procedures correctly.[64]

text: Oliver's career further deteriorated in early 2011, when it transpired he was not a qualified doctor. A series of setbacks – failing the exam to progress on to his CT1 training, blaming a surgical error on Penny, and the death of a patient in his care – prompted him to admit that he swapped his own exam paper with Penny's in his final year of medical school. Anderson explained that Oliver could no longer cope with the mounting pressure, hence his confession. Contrasting the siblings, he assessed "[Oliver] was seen as the golden boy when he arrived at Holby – but he was trading on his sister's success." Issued with the ultimatum of confessing to Director of Surgery Henrik Hanssen, Oliver realised that "he must take responsibility", lest he "lose the one person who loves him unconditionally."[3]

text: Believing himself to be in a "impossible dilemma", Anderson said that Oliver was trying to make good on what he had done by repeating his F2 exams. "By exposing the lie he'll end his career, Oliver can't understand why Penny won't stand by him." He added that since Oliver made a serious surgical error, his colleagues had lost trust in his medical capability. When a train crash occurred, he was forced to take control of AAU. Anderson explained: "He's not fully qualified and that's all he can think about. He's struggling." When he saved a patients life, Oliver thought he should keep his job. However, he was then told that Penny had died, news that would "change Oliver's life forever."[65] Following Penny's death, Craig-Brown stated that "whether he's good enough to stay in medicine will be [Oliver's] big storyline."[61] The series explored how Oliver coped with her death through a flashback episode. Henry, who plays Hanssen, observed that Oliver's return to work saw him make multiple mistakes and "hit rock bottom". Oliver tried to resign from Holby, though before he left he responded to a dangerous RTA call and saved a patient's life. When he was summoned by Hanssen about his resignation, he was given "fatherly advice", and the senior doctor "turned a blind eye" to Oliver's confession. Henry explained that Hanssen "doesn’t think a good doctor should lose his chance at a career in medicine", after learning Oliver risked his own life on the job.[2]

text: Departure and return[edit]

text: The character left the show in the episode titled "Mens Sana In Corpore Sano", which aired on 9 July 2013.[66] Anderson told producers of his intention to leave one year prior to his departure. They wanted Oliver to leave the show on a positive note and began planning his final storyline. Anderson filmed his final scenes in March 2013.[66] Producers kept his departure a secret until transmission to surprise viewers. Anderson told Daniel Kilkelly from Digital Spy that Oliver survived the bereavement over the deaths of his sister and wife. Oliver was given redemption in his final scenes so that his fans could believe that he has a future. Oliver resigns and in his final scene tells Elliot that he will return to the hospital. Anderson was pleased that his character has the option of returning in the future.[66]

text: On 30 October 2014, it was announced that Anderson had reprised his role.[67] Anderson expressed his pleasure at returning to Holby City saying he was "thrilled to be given the opportunity to bring Ollie back".[67] He said there would be "lots of surprises in store" for his character, who he dubbed "Oliver 2.0" due to him being older and wiser.[67] Anderson had been approached to return numerous times but only agreed mid 2014. Oliver's return was planned to last one episode but Anderson was convinced to return permanently.[68] The BBC later released a promotional video publicising the character's return.[69] Oliver's return storyline will see him admitted to the hospital suffering from a serious heart condition.[70] Anderson explained that in the fourteen months since his departure from Holby, Oliver has been working abroad in South America, drinking heavily and self-medicating with several drugs.[70] As he was not taking proper care of himself, he contracted a virus which has affected his heart.[70] Ric Griffin (Hugh Quarshie) discovers a "bloodied and badly bruised" Oliver near the hospital entrance, and admits him immediately.[70] When it emerges that Oliver's condition is potentially fatal, he asks Elliot to fit him with his new surgical device. However, Jac refuses to let the surgery go ahead as the device is only in the experimental stage.[70] Anderson said "Oliver knows that the operation shouldn't go ahead. It's legally, ethically and morally not a procedure that he should have, but when Jac says no, he's disappointed and angry."[70] However, Elliot refuses to give up on Oliver and makes sure the operation goes ahead.[70]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
"Ollie is meant to be the naturally talented one out of him and sister Penny, but you wouldn't trust him to take a splinter from your finger without accidentally grafting your spleen to the back of your neck. Having ballsed up one operation and blamed it on his sister, this month Oliver has admitted to failing his original medical exams and swapping his papers with Penny's – meaning Dr Dumbo has been practising illegally all along. Keen to avoid any further sibling betrayal, Penny chose the easy way out and got herself crushed to death by a falling train carriage."

Daniel Maier of The Guardian, on Oliver's lack of skill and betrayal of Penny.[5]

tag: div

text: Reviewer's interpretations of Oliver have generally negative. Early in his tenure, he received positive commentary from Inside Soap, who said, "he may be a whizz-kid trainee doctor, but new Holby recruit Oliver Valentine isn't all work and no play! He's certainly got an eye for the ladies."[40] Maeve Quigley, writing for the Daily Mirror, opined that Chrissie was more than a match for Oliver. She added that he soon learnt "you underestimate the female staff of Holby at your peril", after he thought his flirting had Chrissie "wrapped around his little finger."[71]

text: Also writing for the Daily Mirror, Simon called Oliver and Penny a "medical tag-team".[72] She found it odd they did not get along professionally because she thought "a brother-sister relationship would be one of the least troublesome at Holby."[73] A Liverpool Daily Post review said that Oliver made Penny feel about "two inches tall" when he was promoted to F2, and supported her question "Who needs enemies when I've got a brother like you?"[74] Bree Treacy of RTÉ Ten found both of the Valentines annoying. In June 2010 she preferred Penny, "with Oliver definitely getting the award for the most annoying sibling in the hospital";[75] the following month she called them irritating and recommended they "get [their] acts together".[76] On the day Oliver admitted to stealing Penny's exam paper, Daily Mail critic Jim Shelley featured him in his negative "Down" column and branded him a "weasel".[4][29]

text: Oliver's lack of medical ability drew several negative reviews. Referring to his "cack-handedness", Simon described him as "screwing up just about everything he touches" upon his return to the AAU,[77] a sentiment she repeated after Penny's death.[78] Simon was left baffled when a professor of cardiology was offered the "very best care possible" – which resulted in Oliver treating him. She concluded: "[this] begs the question, what's he doing at Holby being looked after by an F2?"[79] The Guardian's Daniel Maier ridiculed Oliver's supposed talents, and jested that he was "a doctor with the blue eyes of Fonda and the medical competence of fondue".[5] One Daily Record columnist said that Oliver "hoped to complete his training on the strength of his nice eyes and pretty".[80]

text: A special flashback episode, centered on Oliver dealing with the aftermath of Penny's death,[81] was selected as recommended viewing by What's on TV, the Liverpool Daily Post, and the Daily Mirror.[43][82][83] The Sunday Mirror's O'Sullivan called it poignant,[44] and Rachel Mainwaring of the Western Mail wrote, "It's easy viewing (apart from the odd gooey scene) and full of moral as well as medical issues that leaves you shouting at the screen, 'Do the right thing Oliver, tell them the truth.'"[84]


document_title: List of urban areas by Jewish population

question_text: what is the jewish population of portland oregon

text: Major Jewish populations centers worldwide[edit]

text: Jewish population by city as a percentage of total population (list does not include cities in Israel)[edit]

text:
Rank
City
Country
Percent
Number

1
Kiryas Joel[1]
 United States
99
22,000

2
Beachwood[2]
 United States
90.4
10,700

2
Deal
 United States
91
600

4
Hampstead[3]
 Canada
74.2
5,170

4
Côte-Saint-Luc[4]
 Canada
69.1
20,146

5
Lakewood[5]
 United States
59
35,607

6
Teaneck[6]
 United States
50
18,000

7
Livingston
 United States
46
12,600

8
Caulfield North[7]
 Australia
41.4
6,319

9
Caulfield South[8]
 Australia
33.9
4,008

10
Bexley[citation needed]
 United States
30.0
4,000

11
Rose Bay[9]
 Australia
27.3
2,744

12
Sarcelles[10]
 France
25
15,000

13
Mercer Island[11]
 United States
25
5,000

14
St Kilda East[12]
 Australia
24.8
3,246

15
Créteil[13]
 France
24.4
22,000

16
Vaucluse[14]
 Australia
23.2
2,163

17
Westmount[15]
 Canada
23.2
4,495

18
Bellevue Hill[16]
 Australia
21.4
2,300

19
Dollard-des-Ormeaux[17]
 Canada
21.1
10,115

20
Vaughan[18]
 Canada
18.2
33,090

21
Elsternwick[19]
 Australia
17.8
1,846

22
Montreal West[20]
 Canada
13.8
710

23
New York City[21]
 United States
13
1,086,000

24
Bondi[22]
 Australia
12.7
1,272

25
Mount Royal[23]
 Canada
12.0
2,205

26
Miami[24][not in citation given]
 United States
9.86
535,000

27
Marseille[25]
 France
9
70,000

28
Buenos Aires[26]
 Argentina
8.22
244,000

29
Newton Mearns[27]
 United Kingdom
5.98
1,431

30
Philadelphia[24][not in citation given]
 United States
4.89
276,000

31
Toronto[28]
 Canada
4.21
103,500

text: Jewish population by metropolitan area[edit]

text: Censuses in many countries do not record religious or ethnic background, leading to a lack of sources on the exact numbers of Jewish population.

text:
Rank
City
Country
Number

1
Tel Aviv[29]
 Israel
3,214,800

2
New York City[30]
 United States
2,028,200[31]

3
Haifa[29]
 Israel
708,000

4
Jerusalem[29]
 Israel
687,000

5
Los Angeles
 United States
662,450[32]

6
South Florida (Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano)[33][34][35]
 United States
535,000

7
San Francisco
 United States
391,500[36]

8
Beersheba
 Israel
381,900[37]

9
Chicago
 United States
291,800[38]

10
Philadelphia
 United States
285,950[39]

11
Paris
 France
283,000[37]

12
Baltimore/Washington, D.C.
 United States
276,445[40]

13
Boston
 United States
261,100[41]

14
Buenos Aires
 Argentina
244,000[26]

15
Greater Toronto Area[42]
 Canada
220,000

16
Atlanta[43][44]
 United States
218,000

17
London
 United Kingdom
172,000[45]

18
Moscow
 Russia
100,000[46]

19
San Diego[47]
 United States
89,000

20
Montreal[48]
 Canada
88,765

21
Cleveland-Akron-Canton[49][50][51][52]
 United States
86,600

22
Denver-Boulder[53]
 United States
83,900

23
Phoenix[54]
 United States
82,900

24
Las Vegas Valley[55]
 United States
80,000

25
Budapest[56]
 Hungary
80,000

26
Detroit[24][not in citation given]
 United States
78,000

27
São Paulo[57]
 Brazil
75,000

28
Marseille
 France
70,000[58]

29
Seattle[59]
 United States
63,400

30
Dallas-Fort Worth[60]
 United States
57,800

31
St. Louis[61]
 United States
54,500

32
Tampa Bay Area (Tampa-Saint Petersburg)[62]
 United States
51,100

33
Johannesburg[63]
 South Africa
50,000

34
Houston[64]
 United States
48,400

35
Portland[65]
 United States
47,500

36
Pittsburgh[66]
 United States
42,200

37
Melbourne[67]
 Australia
41,643

38
Minneapolis-Saint Paul[68]
 United States
40,240

39
Saint Petersburg
 Russia
40,000[46]

40
Rio de Janeiro[69]
 Brazil
40,000

41
Mexico City[70]
 Mexico
39,777

42
Sydney[71]
 Australia
35,196

43
Hartford[72]
 United States
34,500

44
New Haven[73]
 United States
29,700

45
Cincinnati[74]
 United States
27,000

46
Vancouver[75]
 Canada
26,255

47
Manchester
 United Kingdom
25,000[76]

48
Berlin[77]
 Germany
25,000

49
Tehran
 Iran
25,000[78]

50
Milwaukee[79]
 United States
3,600

51
Tucson[80][81]
 United States
22,900

52
Rochester[30]
 United States
22,500

53
Columbus[82]
 United States
22,000

54
Montevideo[83]
 Uruguay
20,000

55
Amsterdam[84]
 Netherlands
20,000

56
Kansas City[85]
 United States
19,000

57
Orlando[86]
 United States
19,000

58
Kiev
 Ukraine
17,900[87]

59
Istanbul
 Turkey
17,000[88][89]

60
Austin[90]
 United States
16,300

61
Strasbourg[91]
 France
16,000

62
Cape Town[63][92]
 South Africa
16,000

63
Porto Alegre[93]
 Brazil
15,000

64
Jacksonville[94]
 United States
15,000

65
Antwerp[30]
 Belgium
15,000

66
Providence[95]
 United States
14,200

67
Rome[96]
 Italy
13,000

68
Buffalo[97]
 United States
13,000

69
Winnipeg[98]
 Canada
12,760

70
San Antonio[99]
 United States
12,740

71
Richmond[100]
 United States
12,500

72
Albany[101]
 United States
12,500

73
New Orleans[102]
 United States
12,000

74
Ottawa-Gatineau[103]
 Canada
11,325

75
Munich[104]
 Germany
11,000

76
Frankfurt[105]
 Germany
10,500

77
Indianapolis[106]
 United States
10,000

78
Córdoba
 Argentina
9,000[76]

79
Louisville[107]
 United States
8,700

80
Calgary[108]
 Canada
8,100

81
Milan[96]
 Italy
8,000

82
Rosario
 Argentina
8,000[76]

83
Leeds[109]
 United Kingdom
8,000

84
Nashville[110]
 United States
8,000

85
Vienna[111]
 Austria
7,000

86
Edmonton[112]
 Canada
6,000

87
Zurich[113]
  Switzerland
6,000

88
Birmingham[114]
 United States
5,300

89
Perth[115]
 Australia
5,187

90
Hong Kong
 Hong Kong
5,000[116]

91
Madison
 United States
5,000[117]

92
Santa Fe
 Argentina
5,000[76]

93
Dayton[118]
 United States
4,000

94
Toledo[118]
 United States
3,900

95
Glasgow[119]
 United Kingdom
3,500

96
Youngstown[120]
 United States
3,200

97
Prague
 Czech Republic
3,000[121]

98
Greensboro
 United States
3,000[122]

99
Durban[63]
 South Africa
2,700

100
Athens
 Greece
2,500

101
Brisbane[123]
 Australia
2,195

102
Curitiba[124]
 Brazil
1,774

103
Belo Horizonte[124]
 Brazil
1,714

104
İzmir
 Turkey
1,500[125]

105
Pretoria[63]
 South Africa
1,500

106
Recife[126]
 Brazil
1,300

107
Helsinki[127]
 Finland
1,200

108
Montgomery[128]
 United States
1,200

109
Brasília[129]
 Brazil
1,103

110
Florence[96]
 Italy
1,000

111
Asunción[130]
 Paraguay
1,000

112
Bratislava[131][better source needed]
 Slovakia
1,000

113
Sofia
 Bulgaria
1,000


document_title: List of Olympic Games host cities

question_text: when are the olympics coming to the us

question_tokens: when are the olympics coming to the us

text: List of Olympic Games host cities

text: Olympic Games host cities[edit]

text:
City
Country
Continent
Summer (Olympiad)
Winter
Year
Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S005I

1896
000000002018-04-06-0000April 6
000000002018-04-15-0000April 15

Paris
 France
Europe
S005II

1900
000000002018-05-14-0000May 14
000000002018-10-28-0000October 28

St. Louis[a]
 United States
North America
S005III

1904
000000002018-07-01-0000July 1
000000002018-11-23-0000November 23

London[c]
 United Kingdom
Europe
S005IV

1908
000000002018-04-27-0000April 27
000000002018-10-31-0000October 31

Stockholm
 Sweden
Europe
S005V

1912
000000002018-05-05-0000May 5
000000002018-07-22-0000July 22

Berlin
 Germany
Europe
S006VI

1916
Cancelled due to WWI[4]

Antwerp[d]
 Belgium
Europe
S007VII

1920
000000002018-04-20-0000April 20
000000002018-09-12-0000September 12[5]

Chamonix
 France
Europe

W001I
1924
000000002018-01-25-0000January 25
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4[6]

Paris
 France
Europe
S008VIII

000000002018-05-04-0000May 4
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27[7]

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe

W002II
1928
000000002018-02-11-0000February 11
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19[8]

Amsterdam
 Netherlands
Europe
S009IX

000000002018-05-17-0000May 17
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12[9]

Lake Placid
 United States
North America

W003III
1932
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15[10]

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S010X

000000002018-07-30-0000July 30
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14[11]

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
 Nazi Germany
Europe

W004IV
1936
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-16-0000February 16[12]

Berlin
 Nazi Germany
Europe
S011XI

000000002018-08-01-0000August 1
000000002018-08-16-0000August 16[13]

Sapporo
Garmisch-Partenkirchen[e]
 Empire of Japan
 Nazi Germany
Asia
Europe

W005aV
1940
Cancelled due to WWII[4]

Tokyo
Helsinki[f]
 Empire of Japan
 Finland
Asia
Europe
S012XII

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe

W005bV
1944

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S013XIII

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe

W005cV
1948
000000002018-01-30-0000January 30
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S014XIV

000000002018-07-29-0000July 29
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14

Oslo
 Norway
Europe

W006VI
1952
000000002018-02-14-0000February 14
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Helsinki
 Finland
Europe
S015XV

000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe

W007VII
1956
000000002018-01-26-0000January 26
000000002018-02-05-0000February 5

Melbourne
Stockholm[g]
 Australia
 Sweden
Oceania
Europe
S016XVI

000000002018-11-22-0000November 22
000000002018-06-10-0000June 10
000000002018-12-08-0000December 8
000000002018-06-17-0000June 17

Squaw Valley
 United States
North America

W008VIII
1960
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Rome
 Italy
Europe
S017XVII

000000002018-08-25-0000August 25
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe

W009IX
1964
000000002018-01-29-0000January 29
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S018XVIII

000000002018-10-10-0000October 10
000000002018-10-24-0000October 24

Grenoble
 France
Europe

W010X
1968
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18

Mexico City
 Mexico
North America
S019XIX

000000002018-10-12-0000October 12
000000002018-10-27-0000October 27

Sapporo
 Japan
Asia

W011XI
1972
000000002018-02-03-0000February 3
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13

Munich
 West Germany
Europe
S020XX

000000002018-08-26-0000August 26
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe

W012XII
1976
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15

Montreal
 Canada
North America
S021XXI

000000002018-07-17-0000July 17
000000002018-08-01-0000August 1

Lake Placid
 United States
North America

W013XIII
1980
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Moscow
 Soviet Union
Europe[h]
S022XXII

000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Sarajevo
 Yugoslavia
Europe

W014XIV
1984
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S023XXIII

000000002018-07-28-0000July 28
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Calgary
 Canada
North America

W015XV
1988
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Seoul
 South Korea
Asia
S024XXIV

000000002018-09-17-0000September 17
000000002018-10-02-0000October 2

Albertville
 France
Europe

W016XVI
1992
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Barcelona
 Spain
Europe
S025XXV

000000002018-07-25-0000July 25
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Lillehammer
 Norway
Europe

W017XVII
1994
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-27-0000February 27

Atlanta
 United States
North America
S026XXVI

1996
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-04-0000August 4

Nagano
 Japan
Asia

W018XVIII
1998
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-22-0000February 22

Sydney
 Australia
Oceania
S027XXVII

2000
000000002018-09-15-0000September 15
000000002018-10-01-0000October 1

Salt Lake City
 United States
North America

W019XIX
2002
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S028XXVIII

2004
000000002018-08-13-0000August 13
000000002018-08-29-0000August 29

Torino
 Italy
Europe

W020XX
2006
000000002018-02-10-0000February 10
000000002018-02-26-0000February 26

Beijing[i]
 China
Asia
S029XXIX

2008
000000002018-08-08-0000August 8
000000002018-08-24-0000August 24

Vancouver
 Canada
North America

W021XXI
2010
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S030XXX

2012
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Sochi
 Russia
Europe[h]

W022XXII
2014
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
South America
S031XXXI

2016
000000002018-08-05-0000August 5
000000002018-08-21-0000August 21

Pyeongchang
 South Korea
Asia

W023XXIII
2018
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S032XXXII

2020
000000002018-07-24-0000July 24
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Beijing
 China
Asia

W024XXIV
2022
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-20-0000February 20

Paris
 France
Europe
S033XXXIII

2024
000000002018-07-26-0000July 26
000000002018-08-11-0000August 11

TBD
TBD

W025XXV
2026
(TBD)

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S034XXXIV

2028
000000002018-07-21-0000July 21
000000002018-08-06-0000August 6

text: Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games[edit]

text:
List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games

City
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1948, 2012)
0
3

Paris
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
0

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
3 (1932, 1984, 2028)
0

Athens
 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0
2

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
2 (1964, 2020)
0

Beijing
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1948)

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
0
2 (1932, 1980)

text: The 1906 Intercalated Games are not officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games.

text: Number of Olympic Games by country[edit]

text:
List of countries ranked by the number of times they hosted the Olympic Games

Rank
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
 United States
North America
5 (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996, 2028)
4 (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002)
9

2
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
3 (1924, 1968, 1992)
6

3
 Japan
Asia
2 (1940, 1964, 2020)
2 (1940, 1972, 1998)
4

4
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012)
0
3

 Canada
North America
1 (1976)
2 (1988, 2010)

 Italy
Europe
1 (1960)
2 (1944, 1956, 2006)

 German Empire/ Nazi Germany/ West Germany/ Germany
Europe
2 (1916, 1936, 1972)
1 (1936, 1940)

8
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)
2

 South Korea
Asia
1 (1988)
1 (2018)

 Soviet Union/ Russia
Europe
1 (1980)
1 (2014)

 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0

 Australia
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0

 Norway
Europe
0
2 (1952, 1994)

 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1940, 1948)

 Sweden
Europe
2 (1912, 1956 (equestrian events only))
0

17
 Brazil
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

 Spain
Europe
1 (1992)
0

 SFR Yugoslavia/ Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe
0
1 (1984)

 Mexico
North America
1 (1968)
0

 Finland
Europe
1 (1940, 1952)
0

 Netherlands
Europe
1 (1928)
0

 Belgium
Europe
1 (1920)
0

text: Number of Olympic Games by continent[edit]

text:
Rank
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
Europe
17 (1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1960, 1972, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2012, 2024)
14 (1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1992, 1994, 2006, 2014)
31

2
North America
7 (1904, 1932, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2028)
6 (1932, 1960, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010)
13

3
Asia
4 (1940, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2020)
4 (1940, 1972, 1998, 2018, 2022)
8

4
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0
2

5
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

6
Africa
0
0
0

text: Unsuccessful cities[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Country
City
Bids

 United States
Detroit
7

 Hungary
Budapest
6

 Turkey
Istanbul
5

 Spain
Madrid
4

 Argentina
Buenos Aires
4

  Switzerland
Lausanne
4

 United States
Philadelphia
5

 United States
Chicago
4

 United States
Minneapolis
3

 Cuba
Havana
3

 Belgium
Brussels
3

 Azerbaijan
Baku
2

 Qatar
Doha
2

 Spain
Seville
2

 Yugoslavia
Belgrade
2

 Puerto Rico
San Juan
1

 Australia
Brisbane
1

 Slovakia
Poprad
1

 United States
Boston
1


document_title: Batman: Bad Blood

question_text: girl at the end of batman bad blood

question_tokens: girl at the end of batman bad blood

text: Batman: Bad Blood

text: Plot[edit]

text: Batwoman intercepts a group of criminals in Gotham City that includes Electrocutioner, Tusk, Firefly, Killer Moth, and others. When a fight ensues, Batman arrives. They are confronted by the apparent leader of the criminals, a man called the Heretic, who detonates explosives planted within the facility. Batman flings Batwoman to safety and apparently perishes in the explosion.

text: Two weeks later, a concerned Alfred Pennyworth sends a distress signal to Nightwing. Meanwhile, Damian Wayne watches a news report of Batman's disappearance and sets out to return to Gotham. Batwoman's civilian alter-ego, Katherine Kane, meets with her father Jacob, explaining she feels responsible for Batman's apparent death. In the past, Katherine was traumatized by an incident in which her sister Elizabeth and mother Gabrielle were abducted, held for ransom, and eventually killed by their captors, while she was the sole survivor. After her time in the military, she became a promiscuous drunkard who was saved by Batman from street thugs, which motivated her to never need to be saved again, resulting in her becoming Batwoman.

text: Batman apparently resurfaces and is quickly noticed by Robin and Katherine. Both of them intercept Batman and quickly deduce that it is Nightwing wearing an old version of the Batsuit. They begin their own investigations into the Heretic, unconvinced that Bruce is truly dead. The Heretic and his henchmen attack Wayne Enterprises, forcing Lucius Fox to open the way into the vault by threatening his son Luke. Though Nightwing and Damian arrive, they are unable to prevent the Heretic from escaping with Wayne technology, and Lucius is injured. Before they leave, the Heretic kills Electrocutioner when the latter is about to kill Robin.

text: The Heretic returns to his headquarters, where it is revealed that he is working for Talia al Ghul. They are holding Bruce prisoner and the Mad Hatter is causing him to hallucinate. The Heretic then breaks into the Batcave and kidnaps Damian. He explains that he is a clone of Damian, created by a genetics program run by Ra's al Ghul and the League of Assassins. They used Damian's DNA to genetically engineer a perfect soldier with accelerated growth and development, but he was the only subject of the program to survive. He wishes to have Damian's memories and personality implanted within his own brain, but Talia arrives and kills the Heretic. Nightwing and Batwoman then arrive, having located Damian through a tracker in his costume. They are quickly joined by Luke, clad in an advanced combat exosuit and styling himself as Batwing. The three rescue Bruce and Damian, but Talia and her henchmen escape.

text: A week passes and Bruce seems to have recovered, though he remains adamant that Katherine and Luke not be involved. After Katherine is forced to fight her father after he suddenly attacks her, Dick learns from this that Bruce is still under the effects of the Mad Hatter's mind control. Luke realizes that the League of Assassins are planning to brainwash a number of world leaders at a tech summit held by Bruce. As the brainwashing takes place, Nightwing, Robin, Batwoman, Alfred, and Batwing arrive and fight Talia and her henchmen. During the fight, the Mad Hatter is killed, interrupting the mind control. Bruce, still brainwashed, defeats Nightwing. Talia then orders him to kill Nightwing and Damian, but Bruce resists the brainwashing. Incensed, Talia escapes in a vessel, only for Onyx, a subordinate of the Heretic, to confront and attack her to avenge the Heretic's death. The vessel subsequently crashes and explodes, implying their deaths. Bruce is later seen comforting Damian over Talia's supposed death. Alfred remarks to Dick that despite Talia's madness, she was still Damian's mother.

text: As the Bat-Signal shines in Gotham City, Batwoman, Nightwing, and Batwing meet Batman and Robin on top of the police station to respond to a crime committed by the Penguin. On a nearby building, Batgirl observes the group and prepares to join the pursuit.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Jason O'Mara – Bruce Wayne / Batman[2]
Yvonne Strahovski – Kate Kane / Batwoman[2]
Stuart Allan – Damian Wayne / Robin[2]
Sean Maher – Dick Grayson / Nightwing / Batman II[2]
Morena Baccarin – Talia al Ghul[2]
Steven Blum – Black Mask, Firefly
Gaius Charles – Luke Fox / Batwing[2]
John DiMaggio – Blockbuster,[3] Tusk
Robin Atkin Downes – Jervis Tetch / Mad Hatter, Electrocutioner
James Garrett – Alfred Pennyworth[2]
Ernie Hudson – Lucius Fox[2]
Christine Lakin – Reporter
Vanessa Marshall – Renee Montoya
Richard McGonagle – President
Matthew Mercer – Hellhound, Chuckie Sol
Geoff Pierson – Colonel Jacob Kane
Jason Spisak – Noah Kuttler / Calculator, Killer Moth, Male Reporter
Bruce Thomas – Commissioner James Gordon
Kari Wahlgren – Kori, Ms. Bannister
Travis Willingham – Heretic[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film earned $4,459,728 from domestic home video sales.[5]


document_title: Ketchum (surname)

question_text: where does the last name ketchum come from

text: Ketchum (surname)

text: Ketchum is a surname that originated in England. Not all people in America who descended from the Ketchu(a)m come from the same man. An example of English descent is Edward Ketcham (Chetham as it was spelled in England on the records of his first marriage to Mary Hall and the birth of his first children). There are no known records of his parents, nor any siblings. Edward is not found on any passenger list, but he came to America during the Great Puritan Migration. He can be found with his family in Ipswich, Mass, in the 1630s. It is assumed Edward was born in about 1590, though no record of his birth has been located. As far as we currently know, there is NOT A CONNECTION between this Edward (Chetham) Ketcham/Ketchum who came to America and the Chetham family of Crumpsall, Lancashire, England from which Sir Humphrey Chetham (born 1580) is from, for whom the Chetham Library in Manchester England is named.

text: Notable people with the surname include:

text:
Brandon Ketchum (born 1976), speculative fiction writer
Daniel Ketchum (born 1981), former American swimmer
Gerald Ketchum (1908–1992), commanded the icebreaker USS Burton Island (AG-88)
Gus Ketchum (1897–1980), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Hal Ketchum (born 1953), country music singer
Jack Ketchum (born 1946), horror writer
Jesse Ketchum (1782–1867), tanner and political figure in Upper Canada
Menis E. Ketchum, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
Morris Ketchum (1796–1880), American banker and financier of the 19th century
Richard Ketchum (1773–1845), political figure in New Brunswick
Robert Glenn Ketchum (born 1947), landscape and nature photographer
Rufus Lloyd Ketchum, a Sergeant in the United States Army during the Korean War
Tom Ketchum (1863–1901), a.k.a. "Black Jack" Ketchum, U.S. Western outlaw
Wesley Harrington Ketchum (1878–1968), medical doctor, introduced Edgar Cayce to the national medical community in a 1910 presentation to the American Association for Clinical Research
William Ketchum, 14th Mayor of the City of Buffalo, New York
William F. Ketchum, inventor of the Ketchum Hand Grenade
William M. Ketchum (1921–1978), U.S. Representative
William Scott Ketchum (1813–1871), U. S. Army officer before and during the American Civil War

text: Fictional characters:

text:
Ash Ketchum, a Pokémon Trainer

Delia Ketchum, his mother

Kevin Ketchum, an OZ prisoner

text: This page lists people with the surname Ketchum. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: Surnames

text: All set index articles


document_title: Su Lin (1930s giant panda)

question_text: when did the first panda come to america

text: Su Lin (1930s giant panda)

text: Su Lin (Chinese: 蘇琳; pinyin: Sūlín) was the name given to the giant panda cub captured in 1936 and brought to America by the explorer Ruth Harkness. The first panda kept outside of China, it would die just two years later, but marked the beginning of an extensive series of pandas being taken abroad from China.

text: History[edit]

text: Harkness mentioned in her 1938 book The Baby Giant Panda that the capture took place within a day's walk from the Min River in Sichuan.[2] Su Lin, about 9 weeks old at the time of his capture,[3] was named after Su-Lin Young, the sister-in-law of Harkness's Chinese-American expedition partner Quentin Young. Harkness translated Su Lin as meaning "a little bit of something very cute".[1] (Harkness and Young were unaware that the baby panda was, in fact, a male.)[4]

text: Harkness returned to America with the bottle-fed cub, and Su Lin became the first live panda to be displayed in the United States. In April 1937, the panda was purchased by Brookfield Zoo outside of Chicago, where he was visited by such celebrities as Shirley Temple, Kermit Roosevelt, and Helen Hayes. Harkness brought a second panda, Mei-Mei, to be a companion for Su Lin at the zoo in February 1938. However, the two animals fought with each other, and were soon separated. Su Lin died of pneumonia only a few weeks after Mei-Mei's arrival.[5] He was replaced by Mei-Lan the following year.[6]


question_text: florida international university law school ranking us news

text: History[edit]

text: Florida International University worked towards the creation of a public law school in South Florida for many years, beginning with the 1986 appointment of Modesto A. Maidique as University president. Maidique met resistance from the Florida Board of Regents, which had a number of graduates of other Florida law schools, and opposed the opening of any new public law schools in the state. The establishment of this institution was finally realized in 2000, when Governor Jeb Bush pushed the project through the state legislature, along with the re-establishment of a law school at Florida A&M University.

text: Shortly thereafter, the College of Law hired Leonard Strickman as its inaugural Dean. Strickman, a Yale Law School graduate, had previously served as Dean of the Northern Illinois University College of Law and the University of Arkansas School of Law, and had been a member of the ABA Accreditation Committee during the 1990s, and had chaired 15 ABA accreditation site visits.

text: The College of Law is one of the university's 26 schools and colleges and was founded in 2000. It officially opened its doors in August 2002, received provisional accreditation from the American Bar Association in August 2004, and was granted full accreditation on December 1, 2006. The inaugural class graduated on May 22, 2005.

text: FIU, preparing for only its second graduation in Spring 2006, had passing scores from 19 of 22 students who took the Bar exam in February 2006. The state average — including graduates from all 10 Florida law schools and out-of-state graduates who took the Florida test — was 73.2 percent.

text: On February 10, 2007, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, an Associate Justice for the United States Supreme Court, headed the Dedication of the new law school building. She formally dedicated the building and delivered a keynote address along with other dignitaries. The Rafael Diaz-Balart Hall Dedication took take place at the then-named FIU Arena and was preceded and followed by tours of the new law school building.

text: In May 2009, the institution announced that United States Attorney Alexander Acosta had been selected to replace Strickman as Dean, with the latter's retirement from the position. Acosta left in 2017 to become United States Secretary of Labor.

text: Rankings[edit]

text: The 2017 U.S. News & World Report's "Best Law School Rankings" ranked the FIU College of Law at 100[5] in the United States. This represents an increase of more than 51 spots since 2009.

text: FIU is currently the fourth-highest ranked law school in Florida behind only Florida State University College of Law, University of Florida's Fredric G. Levin College of Law, and the University of Miami School of Law.[11] The magazine also ranked FIU at 53 in the U.S. for its part-time law programs.[12]

text: In October 2010, the FIU College of Law was ranked Top 10 Best Value school in the nation by The National Jurist.[13]

text: In April 2007, it was revealed that FIU Law graduates passed the February 2007 Florida bar exam with a 94 percent passing rate, the highest in the state of Florida.[14]

text: In March 2007, the FIU College of Law received its first national ranking in U.S. News & World Report. FIU was ranked in the third tier of the four tiers of law school, marking the first time in several decades that a new law school has been so highly ranked.[15]

text: Employment[edit]

text: According to FIU's official 2015 ABA-required disclosures, 81.6% of the Class of 2015 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.[10] FIU's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 15.0%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2015 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.[16]

text: Exam Passage[edit]

text: The FIU College of Law has been noted for its consistently high bar passage rates. FIU Law graduates ranked 1st in the state of Florida, in terms of percentage of students who pass the Florida bar exam on their first attempt, nine times in 13 years, including five of the last six administrations (July 2015, February 2016, July 2016, July 2017, and February 2018).

text: FIU also ranked 1st in Florida in the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam (MPRE) with a 95.5% passage rate in 2007.[8]

text:
Florida Bar Exam
passing rates

Bar exam date[17]
Bar passing rate

February 2005
100% (1st in Florida)

February 2006
86.4% (3rd in Florida)

July 2006
79%

February 2007
94.4% (1st in Florida)

July 2007
85.9%

February 2008
78.9%

July 2008
90.6% (2nd in Florida)

February 2009
81.5% (1st in Florida)

July 2009
80.9%

February 2010
71.4%

July 2010
84.2%

February 2011
88.2% (2nd in Florida)

July 2011
89.6% (1st in Florida)

February 2012
85.7% (3rd in Florida)

July 2012
80.3%

February 2013
91.7%

July 2013
82.8%

February 2014
81.3% (3rd in Florida)

July 2014
78.2%

February 2015
63%

July 2015
89% (1st in Florida)

February 2016
84.6% (1st in Florida)

July 2016
87.5% (1st in Florida)

February 2017
78.9% (2nd in Florida)

July 2017
87.8% (1st in Florida)

February 2018
85% (1st in Florida)

text:
MPRE
passing rates

text:
MPRE exam date[17]
MPRE passing rate

February 2006
90%

July 2006
80%

February 2007
91.7% (2nd in Florida)

July 2007
95.5% (1st in Florida)

July 2008
90.6%

February 2009
82.9%

July 2009
81.4%

February 2010
86.1%

July 2010
85.4%

February 2011
93.9% (2nd in Florida)

February 2012
95.9% (2nd in Florida)

July 2012
90.6%

text: Admissions and Tuition[edit]

text:
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012

Applicants
1,901
1,887
2,071
2,129
2,675

Admits
545
551
568
492
595

% Admitted
28.6
29.1
30.1
26.2
22.2

text:
This table does not account deferred
applications or other unique situations.

text: The College of Law only admits students during the fall to its full-time day program or its part-time evening program. Admissions is done on a rolling basis.

text: For Fall 2016, 1,901 students applied for admissions into the FIU College of Law, 545 were accepted, and 130 enrolled for the day program and 16 for the evening program. The Fall 2016 entering class had a median LSAT score of 156 (out of a possible 180 points) and a 3.64 GPA (on a 4.0 scale). 62.9% of students were ethnic minorities, and 52% were women. The average age is 25 for the day program and 28 for the evening program.[20][21][22]

text: Annual tuition for in-state students in the day program is $21,407 and $14,501 for those in the evening program.[23] Annual tuition for out-of-state students in the day program is $35,650 and $24,150 for those in the evening program.[24]

text: Specialty programs[edit]

text: Specialty programs[edit]

text:
International and Comparative Law Program
Legal Skills and Values Board
Board of Advocates
Community Service Board
Trial Advocacy Program[20]

text: Faculty and administration[edit]

text: Administration[edit]

text: Dr. Tawia Ansah, Acting Dean[25] [26](after R. Alexander Acosta was appointed by President Donald Trump to serve as United States Secretary of Labor).

text: Faculty[edit]

text: The FIU College of Law has about 30 full-time faculty members (including the Dean and the Associate Dean for Academics, both of whom teach on an occasional basis), and also has various visiting professors who teach subjects within their areas of expertise.

text: Founding Faculty[edit]

text: The founding faculty are the professors who came to the University before it was opened to students. Under Strickman's guidance (and with the added incentive of South Florida's temperate climate), the College of Law recruited a highly experienced founding faculty that included:

text:
Thomas E. Baker, professor of Constitutional law
Jorge Esquirol, professor of International law, who had previously been Director of Academic Affairs in the Harvard Law School Graduate Program.
Elizabeth Price Foley, professor of Civil procedure and Constitutional law.
Aya Gruber, professor of Criminal law, who had assisted Alan Dershowitz during the O.J. Simpson case before becoming a public defender in Washington, D.C.
Mathew C. Mirow, professor of Property law and legal historian
Ediberto Roman, professor of Contract law, and author of numerous articles and a book on the disenfranchisement of residents of the United States' inhabited Insular possessions

text: In addition, Professor John Stack already a long-time professor of political science at FIU before the foundation of the law school, and director of the Jack D. Gordon Public Policy Institute, became a jointly-appointed faculty member in the College of Law and the Political Science department.

text: Notable Faculty[edit]

text: While many members of the College of Law faculty are known and well-published within the legal community, several are particularly notable.

text:
Stanley Fish was hired to a five-year contract, as the Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor of Humanities and Law in June 2005.
Jerry W. Markham authored textbooks on various topics, and one of the most thorough and extensive treatises on the history of securities regulation, before coming to FIU. He teaches in the areas of business organizations, banking, securities, international litigation, and international business transactions.
Henry Latimer, also a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution, was formerly a judge, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar Association when he was killed in a car accident in the Spring of 2005.

text: Notable Adjunct Faculty[edit]

text:
Judge Adalberto Jordan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Judge Angel A. Cortiñas of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal
Former Judge Juan Ramirez, Jr. of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal
Judge Robert N. Scola, Jr. of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

text: Students[edit]

text: The Florida International University College of Law opened with a class of 67 full-time and 60 part-time students. LSAT and GPA scores placed the inaugural class around the middle of Florida's 11 law schools.[27] The first graduate was Rosann Spiegel,[28] also a previous FIU alumnus, who finished the program a semester ahead of schedule. Spiegel graduated in December 2004 and passed the February 2005 bar examination - briefly making FIU the only law school in the country with a 100% bar passage rate.[29]

text: In January 2010, FIU College of Law students placed first among the Southeastern States Regional American Bar Association negotiation competition. Students also placed second in the Zehmer Mock Trial Competition and second on the brief at the Skadden Arps International FDI moot competition.[30]

text: The student body has also formed a Law Review and a Moot Court team, as well as a Student Bar Association and other student organizations, such as a chapter of the Federalist Society, a student newspaper called "Ipsissima Verba", and a Sports and Entertainment Law Society (SELS). Currently, the institution has about 450 students, including part-time and full-time first, second, and third year students. Eventually, the school is projected to have a capacity of about 600 students at a time.

text: FIU Law Review[edit]

text: Established in 2004, the FIU Law Review is the law school's official student law review.[31] The FIU Law Review is committed to facilitate FIU Law’s growth and impact in the legal community.

text: The Review organizes two symposia and publishes two symposium-based issues annually (Fall and Spring).[32] Articles Editors and Staff Members also write about current changes in the law on the Law Review’s blog.[33]

text: Recently, the Law Review held a symposium on separation of powers.[34] Previously, the Review has held symposia about religion and the law,[35] aviation and space law,[36] layers of law and social order,[37] and immigration law.[38]

text: Curriculum[edit]

text: The FIU College of Law is unique among American law schools in that it requires all students to take a course entitled An Introduction to International and Comparative Law during their first year. Other required first year courses are more typical - Constitutional law, Torts, and Contracts in the first semester, Criminal law, Civil Procedure, and Property in the second, and legal writing classes (called Legal Skills and Values, or simply LSV) throughout. However, each of the substantive classes also dedicates a portion of its discussion to international and comparative issues in that area of law.

text: Upper level requirements also include an additional course relating to international law, an additional LSV class, a writing seminar, and a course in Professional Responsibility.

text: Clinical programs[edit]

text: The FIU College of Law offers six in-house clinics:

text:
The Carlos A. Costa Immigration and Human Rights Clinic
The Community Development Clinic
Consumer Bankruptcy Clinic
Family Law and Education Advocacy Clinic
The H.E.L.P. (Health, Ethics, Law and Policy) Clinic, and the Education Advocacy Clinic.
The Immigrant Children’s Justice Clinic
The Investor Advocacy Clinic[39]

text: Facilities[edit]

text: The Florida International University College of Law operates out of the Rafael Díaz-Ballart Hall, designed by renowned architect Robert A. M. Stern. A groundbreaking ceremony was held for the law school's building on May 22, 2005 (the same day as the inaugural commencement). $34 million was budgeted for the construction of the facility. The new building is also on the University Park campus, across from the FIU Arena and adjacent to the Recreation Center and a 1,000-car parking garage.

text: On-campus housing is available for graduate students in the College of Law at the University Park Towers and the University Park Apartments through the graduate housing community.