document_title: List of Ultimate X-Men characters

question_text: which superhero is the medical doctor for the x-men

text: List of Ultimate X-Men characters

text: X-Men[edit]

text: Kitty Pryde's Free Mutants[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Founding members

Shadowcat

Katherine "Kitty" Pryde

Ultimate X-Men #21

Having reunited with her fellow mutants after the death of Peter Parker, Kitty helps spearhead a campaign to protect mutants who are being hunted down by Sentinels. After striking a deal with President Captain America, she (and the mutants who did not want to take a cure to rid them of their powers) were allowed to live "freely" on a reservation dubbed Utopia. She was elected leader of the group, although her approach causes friction with Nomi Blume, who eventually defects along with a number of mutants.

Storm

Ororo Munroe

Ultimate X-Men #1

Having been imprisoned after the events of Ultimatum along with Colossus, she eventually makes her way to the Mutant haven Utopia, and sides with Kitty in deciding who would be the leader over the small remaining group of mutants.

Rogue

Marian Carlyle

Ultimate X-Men #32

Having been in hiding after the events of Ultimatum, she eventually reappears, seemingly on William Stryker's side. However, it was a ruse to stop his killing of mutants. She eventually joins Kitty's team in Utopia.

Wolverine

Jimmy Hudson

Ultimate X #1

The son of Wolverine, and adopted son of the Hudsons. He has a healing factor and retractable claws, which he is able to cover with organic metal, much like Colossus. After leaving Karen Grant's X-Team, he eventually stumbles upon Kitty and the rest of the mutants. He eventually begins a romantic relationship with Kitty, and is second-in-command. It is revealed in Ultimate Comics: Wolverine #2 that his mother is Madga, and is half-siblings with Pietro and Wanda Lensherr.

Blackheath

Samuel Smithers

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #18

A mutant whose powers is related to botany, he originally sided with Nomi during the initial vote over who would be leader in Utopia. He continued to work with Kitty for a time, although it was to spy for Nomi. He eventually defected from Nomi's group and joined with Kitty.

Black Box

Seth Vale

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #19

Although a minor character in Utopia, he has become close friends with Jimmy, and co-starred with him in Ultimate Comics: Wolverine #2.

Armor

Hisako Ichiki

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #17

She first appears as a young Japanese child being held captive in one of William Stryker's Mutant internment camps. After being rescued by Iceman and Husk, she joins their Mutant resistance movement. In this continuity, Hisako's energy armor takes the form of animals including a large, glowing dragon and a panda bear.

Magma

Amara Aquilla

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #19

A former mutant prisoner of Camp: Angel (along with Storm and Colossus), she joined Kitty Pryde's resistance in the Ultimate Marvel title, Ultimate Comics: X-Men. Her powers include fire and mantle manipulation.

Zero

Kenji Uedo

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #18

Although initially part of Nomi's rebellious mutants and leaving the settlement, for unknown reasons, he defected to Kitty's group.

Micromax

Scott Wright

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #19

Although initially part of Nomi's rebellious mutants and leaving the settlement, for unknown reasons, he defected to Kitty's group. His powers include mass/size manipulation.

text: Original X-Men[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Founding members

Professor X

Charles Xavier

Ultimate X-Men #1

Team founder, headmaster of the Xavier Institute for Gifted Youngsters (now the Xavier Institute for Higher Learning). Presumed to have died in issue #78 and revealed to be alive in the future in issue #80. Rejoined the X-Men as headmaster and mentor once again in issue #93.
Deceased: Magneto snapped his neck.

Beast

Henry "Hank" J. McCoy

Ultimate X-Men #1

Team's medical doctor and biologist. Thought dead, but revealed to be alive and working for S.H.I.E.L.D. in issue #81. Rejoined the X-Men in issue #88.
Deceased: Confirmed by Jean Grey in issue #98 after being hit by the Ultimatum Wave.

Colossus

Piotr "Peter" Nikolaievitch Rasputin

Ultimate X-Men #1

Left the X-Mansion in issue #80 to live with Northstar. Returned to the X-Men in issue #94 with no explanation to his return and an addiction to "Banshee". After battling the X-Men, Jean Grey revealed Northstar to still be alive after his supposed death. Colossus then returns (alongside his X-Men team) to Xavier's X-Men.

Cyclops

Scott Summers

Ultimate X-Men #1

Field leader. Left the team for a short while to join the Brotherhood, but later returned to the X-Men. Broke up the X-Men when Xavier "died". After Xavier's "death", Cyclops became headmaster of the Institute along with Jean Grey. Following Xavier's return, he returned to the X-Men. He began using Banshee and officially left Xavier's team for Colossus's team, before eventually returning.
Deceased: Killed by Quicksilver.

Iceman

Robert "Bobby" Drake

Ultimate X-Men #1

Youngest member of the original team. Student at the Xavier Institute. Left the X-Men when Cyclops disbanded them, without joining Bishop's new team. Returned as an X-Man after Xavier's return in issue #93.

Marvel Girl

Jean Grey

Ultimate X-Men #1

Girlfriend of Cyclops. Former teacher and former headmistress of the Xavier Institute. Went missing after issue #93. Returned in issue #94. Featured in Ultimate Comics: X

Storm

Ororo Munroe

Ultimate X-Men #1

Second field leader. Helped Bishop make a new team of X-Men following Xavier's "death", before eventually returning. Longtime member of the X-Men.

Later recruits

Wolverine

James "Lucky Jim" Howlett / Logan

Ultimate X-Men #3

Formerly Magneto's assassin and the original Weapon X. Left in issue #80 to find answers about his past. Joined Bishop's X-Men in issue #83 and returned to the Institute after Xavier's return.
Deceased: Killed by Magneto in Ultimatum

Shadowcat

Katherine "Kitty" Pryde

Ultimate X-Men #21

Spider-Man's ex-girlfriend. Left the team in issue #79, featured in Ultimate Comics Spiderman.

Nightcrawler

Kurt Wagner

Ultimate X-Men #32

Former member of Weapon X. He was previously psychically incapacitated by Professor X for kidnapping Dazzler, but escaped in issue #79 following Xavier's death. Was made leader of the Morlocks afterward, but returned to the X-Men in issue #94 with no explanation on his return. Currently is an X-Man. He was revealed to be part of Colossus's team, but later returned to Xavier's X-Men. He was also thought to have been deceased by Jean in issue #98 after being hit by the Ultimatum Wave.

Rogue

Marian

Ultimate X-Men #32

Currently a student at the Xavier Institute and a member of the X-Men. She was revealed to be part of Colossus's team. She eventually returned to Xavier's X-Men after battling her teammates.

Angel

Warren Worthington III

Ultimate X-Men #40

Was expelled from the X-Men by Professor X as a cover for him to join Emma Frost's Academy of Tomorrow as a spy. He joined as a member of Bishop's new X-Men. He was shot and killed by Mister Sinister in issue #90 and later revived in issue #93 by Jean Grey/Phoenix, and is now an X-Man again. He was revealed to be part of Colossus's team. He soon returned to the X-Mansion and Xavier's X-Men.
Deceased: Killed by Sabretooth during Ultimatum.

Dazzler

Allison "Ali" Blaire

Ultimate X-Men #48

Left the X-Men after Nightcrawler kidnapped her in Ultimate X-Men Annual #2. Joined the new X-Men in issue #82. Returned to the Institute following Xavier's return. She was then revealed to be part of Colossus's team. After a battle against Xavier's X-Men, the separate X-Men teams conjoined into one again.
Deceased: In issue #98, after being hit by the Ultimatum Wave.

Syndicate

Luke and Matthew (surname unrevealed)

Ultimate X-Men #58

Conjoined twins, working as a private agent for Professor X. Never seen with the rest of the team until issue #93 where they became X-Men.
Deceased: One head was shot off by William Stryker, and then they both died of blood loss.

Magician

Elliot Boggs

Ultimate X-Men #69

Current whereabouts unknown.

Bishop

Bishop (full name unrevealed)

Ultimate X-Men #77

Time traveler from the future. Leader and founder of the new X-Men.
Deceased: Killed by Wolverine in issue #90.

Pyro

(Presumably) John Allerdyce

Ultimate X-Men #82

Former Morlock. Recruited into the new X-Men by Bishop and Storm in issue #82. Defected to the Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy. Had both his hands cut off by Valkyrie, and following Ultimatum is possibly dead.

Psylocke

Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock

Ultimate X-Men #84

Former S.T.R.I.K.E. agent. Inherited the body of a woman known as Kwannon after being possessed by Proteus and then killed by Colossus. Joined Bishop's team as a member of the new X-Men. Returned to the X-Mansion as one of Xavier's X-Men. Current whereabouts unknown.

Toad

Mortimer Toynbee

Ultimate X-Men #93

Former Brotherhood member. Became a teacher at the Xavier Institute after Cyclops disbanded the X-Men in issue #81. After Xavier was revealed to be alive and returned as Headmaster of the Institute, Toad became one of Xavier's X-Men. Current whereabouts unknown.

Firestar

Elizabeth "Liz" Allan

Ultimate X-Men #94

Friend of Mary Jane and Peter Parker from the Ultimate Spider-Man series. Joined the Xavier Institute and the X-Men after she found out she was a mutant. Was revealed to have returned to civilian life with her half-brother, Blob II, and later joined the Jeany Grey's new X-Team

text: Colossus's X-Men[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Colossus

Piotr "Peter" Nikolaievitch Rasputin

Ultimate X-Men #94

Created his own X-Men team when he was revealed by Jean Grey to be taking the mutant enhancing drug, Banshee. He made the team go on a mission to save his boyfriend, Northstar; but, unfortunately, Northstar became paraplegic due to an overdose on Banshee.

Angel

Warren Worthington III

Ultimate X-Men #94

Joined Colossus's team and began using Banshee in order to save Northstar and defeat Alpha Flight. His appearance on Banshee is altered, making him look like a bald eagle.

Dazzler

Allison "Ali" Blaire

Ultimate X-Men #94

Joined Colossus's team and began using Banshee in order to save Northstar and defeat Alpha Flight. Her powers are now greatly enhanced.

Nightcrawler

Kurt Wagner

Ultimate X-Men #94

Joined Colossus's team and began using Banshee in order to save Northstar and defeat Alpha Flight. His costume is altered, covering him in leather, and he now has cosmic swords. His teleportation abilities have greatly enhanced beyond anything he has ever imagined.

Rogue

Marian

Ultimate X-Men #94

Joined Colossus's team and began using Banshee in order to save Northstar and defeat Alpha Flight. She can now control her powers and permanently has Colossus's steel skin, Angel's feathered wings, and Nightcrawler's yellow eyes. She kissed Cyclops, possibly trying to start a relationship.

Cyclops

Scott Summers

Ultimate X-Men #95

Joined Colossus's team as an undercover agent for Xavier and Jean Grey. He faked his doses of Banshee until he met his match against Vindicator. He took Banshee and was able to absorb solar energy throughout his body, enabling him to control his optic blasts and fly. This knowledge was discovered by the X-Men, and Cyclops temporally left Xavier's team for Colossus's team.

text: Emma Frost's Academy of Tomorrow[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Notes

Emma Frost

Emma Frost

Headmistress of the Academy of Tomorrow.
Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Havok

Alex Summers

Cyclops' brother. Field leader and student of the Academy of Tomorrow. Was put in a mental hospital following the Ultimatum. Was later taken by the U.S. Government for unknown reasons. Is currently under the watch of Layla Miller.

Cannonball

Sam Guthrie

Student at the Academy of Tomorrow.
Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Cypher

Douglas Ramsey

Non-mutant genius. Student at the Academy of Tomorrow.
Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Northstar

Jean-Paul Beaubier

Son of Canada's ambassador to the U.S. Colossus's boyfriend. Former student at the Academy of Tomorrow until he was kidnapped by Alpha Flight. Alpha Flight overdosed him with Banshee, which resulted in him becoming paralyzed from the waist down. It is unknown whether he returned to the Academy or stayed with Colossus at the X-Mansion. He was killed during the Ultimatum.

Polaris

Lorna Dane

Havok's girlfriend. Student at the Academy of Tomorrow. Was briefly imprisoned in the same cell as Magneto.
Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Sunspot

Roberto DaCosta

Mutant vigilante from Harlem. Student at the Academy of Tomorrow.
Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Angel

Warren Worthington III

Joined the Academy of Tomorrow to act as a spy for Professor X. Later returned to the X-Men.

Beast

Henry "Hank" J. McCoy

Former X-Man. Presumed dead, but was working for S.H.I.E.L.D. and later returned to the X-Men.

Dazzler

Allison "Ali" Blaire

Punk rock singer. Left the Academy to join the X-Men.

Karma

Xi'an "Shan" Coy Mahn

S.H.I.E.L.D. Psi-Ops operative placed on the team as a mole for the U.S. government. Left the team after her mission was accomplished. Current whereabouts unknown.

Shinobi Shaw

Shinobi Shaw

Emma Frost's boyfriend. Leader of the Hellfire Club. Revealed to still be alive following the Ultimatum Wave in Ultimates #1.

Colossus

Piotr "Peter" Nikolaievitch Rasputin

Northstar's boyfriend. He moved to the Academy after Xavier's death and left when Xavier returned.

text: Karen Grant's The Runaways[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Notes

Karen Grant

Jean Grey

A former member of the X-Men, Jean assumes the name of Karen Grant and forms a new X-Team following Ultimatum

Jimmy Hudson

The son of Wolverine, and adopted son of the Hudsons. He has a healing factor and retractable claws, which he is able to cover with organic metal, much like Colossus.

Guardian

Derek Morgan

A young mutant from Chicago. He is able to fly by growing a pair of birdlike wings which can be retracted. When he grows his wings out, his eyes turn red, his fingernails grow into talons, and his canine teeth appear to become sharp.

Firestar

Elizabeth "Liz" Allan

Spider-Man's former classmate who vanished to Southern California after Ultimatum.

Hulk

Bruce Banner

First introduced to the series in the fifth and final issue of Ultimate Comics: X

text: Enemies[edit]

text: Nomi Blume's Renegades[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Founding members

Mach II

Nomi Blume

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #13

Wielding the power of magnetism, Nomi was initially hiding in the Morlock Tunnels along other mutants who were protected by the X-Men. After the war is over and the mutants move to Utopia, Nomi's hatred for Kitty is very apparent. It originated from Kitty's actions of leaving any mutant who wanted to take the government's cure to remove their powers, and for "abandoning" her during the war against the Sentinels (although Kitty actually denied her help because Nomi was too young). She challenged Kitty's authority. After the "destruction" of the Seed, she (and a small group of like-minded mutants) defect, and leads her group out of Utopia with the intent to fight for freedom.

Iceman

Robert "Bobby" Drake

Ultimate X-Men #1

After the death of Peter Parker, Bobby rejoins the X-Men. Initially siding with Kitty after the events of the war, he eventually defected to Nomi's team after he was convinced by his girlfriend Husk of a better future with Nomi leading the charge.

Psylocke

Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock

Ultimate X-Men #84

Although having been listed as dead after the events of Ultimatum, it appears that Psylocke is alive, having "jumped" her consciousness into another body before her death (however, oddly no one recognizes or remembers her). She sides with Nomi after the events of the war, and eventually leaves with Nomi after the Seed was "destroyed". In Ultimate Comics: X-Men #24, it is revealed that she has enlisted Warpath (who is in love with her) to betray both Kitty and Nomi. In Ultimate Comics: X-Men #27, Jean Grey (herself in disguise) unmasked Psylocke as being a fake, revealed her to be Mothervine, who set out to destroy both Utopia and Tian.

Warpath

James Proudstar

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #18

Warpath is a mutant who possesses superhuman physical ability in virtually all areas. So far, he has demonstrated the following abilities: Superhuman Reflexes, Superhuman Strength, and Superhuman Sense of Smell. He is one of the mutants seen in the mutant resistance against William Stryker, and later one of the twenty mutants who decided to retain their powers instead of taking the "cure", and inhabited the new mutant nation "Utopia". In Ultimate Comics: X-Men #24, it is revealed that he is working with Psylocke to betray both Kitty and Nomi.

Shola Inkosi

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #17

A Mutant with the power of combat telekinesis.

Husk

Paige Gunthrie

Ultimate Comics: X-Men #15

A mutant from The Southwest. Husk was brainwashed by William Stryker to infiltrate Kitty Pryde's mutant resistance. She led  Pryde and her party to the mutant underground. During this time, Husk began a relationship with Bobby Drake. Following Pryde's defeat of Stryker, Husk killed 5 mutants by setting off a bomb while in line for "the cure". After being arrested and rehabilitated, Husk joined the other mutants in Utopia where she chose to side with Mach II over Pryde.

text: The Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Status

Notes

Founding members

Magneto

Erik Lensherr

Killed by Cyclops

Founder of the Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy. Lost his arm, but replaced it with a new metal arm. Thought to be alive in Ultimate Comics: X-Men #7, but late revealed to be an illusion by Sinister.

Blob

Frank (full name unknown)

Deceased: Killed by Hank Pym

Obese mutant with super strength, and a cannibal. Hank Pym bit his head off, killing him.[volume & issue needed]

Detonator

Ricky Gibson

Deceased: Killed by Multiple Man

Rescued by Magneto and Xavier from a lynch mob. Killed by Multiple Man.[volume & issue needed]

Mastermind

Unknown

Deceased: Killed by Valkyrie

Mutant illusionist. He was decapitated by Valkyrie.[volume & issue needed]

Quicksilver

Pietro Lensherr (Ultimates background, falsified for public consumption, listed real name as Pietro Lensherr Maximoff)

Leader of the new Brotherhood

Magneto's son. Former member of the Ultimates. Rejoined forces with his father following Scarlet Witch's death. Thought to have been Killed by Hawkeye while saving his father, but somehow survived.

Scarlet Witch

Wanda Lensherr (Ultimates background, falsified for public consumption, listed real name as Wanda Lensherr Maximoff)

Deceased: Killed by Ultron

Magneto's daughter. Former member of the Ultimates and killed in Ultimates #3 by a lovelorn Ultron in a plot by Doctor Doom. She appeared to be alive in Ultimate X, however it is eventually revealed she is nothing but an illusion created by Sinister.

Toad

Mortimer Toynbee

Deceased

Mutant with toad-like powers and appearance. After briefly returning to the Brotherhood, he eventually defected to the X-Men following Xavier's death. Died from unknown reasons following the Ultimatum Wave.

Mystique

Raven Darkhölme

Working for the Brotherhood.

Shapeshifting mutant. Xavier's former lover. Helped Magneto escape from prison.

Wolverine

James "Lucky Jim" Howlett / Logan

Deceased (killed by Magneto)

Disillusioned and betrayed Magneto. Longtime member of the X-Men, but Magneto ripped the adamantium off of his bones following the Ultimatum Wave, which killed him.

Later recruits

Cyclops

Scott Summers

Deceased (killed by Quicksilver)

Joined the Brotherhood as a mole for Professor X. After surviving the Ultimatum Wave and the war against Magneto, he was assassinated by Quicksilver during a speech to the public.[volume & issue needed]

Forge

(Presumably) Jonathon Silvercloud

Deceased (killed by Multiple Man)

The Brotherhood's tech sage.

Hard-Drive

Unknown

Deceased (killed by Multiple Man)

Was presumed a prisoner in Camp X-Factor.

Juggernaut

Cain Marko

Deceased

Former Weapon X prisoner.

Longshot

Arthur Centino

Deceased(killed by Multiple Man)

Wanted murderer.

Lorelei

Unknown, possibly Lorelei

Deceased (killed by Wolverine)

Formerly in Brotherhood and attacked the Ultimates in Ultimatum #3 alongside Magneto.

Multiple Man

Madrox (full name unrevealed)

Deceased (killed by Wolverine)

Stem cells were grafted onto the Schizoid Man of the Liberators by the French military.

Rogue

Marian (full name unrevealed)

Current member of the X-Men.

Former Weapon X prisoner.

Sabretooth

Victor Creed

Working for the Brotherhood.

Brother of Wolverine. High-ranking officer of Weapon X.

Stacy X

Unknown

Whereabouts and status is unknown.

Replaced Mystique in Triskelion along with her boyfriend Mastermind. Unknown if dead or alive.

Unus

Unknown

Deceased (killed by Thor)

Magneto's psi-talent. Presumably was a prisoner in Camp X-Factor, but later returned to Magneto. Killed by Thor in Ultimates 3 #4.

Vanisher

Unknown

Whereabouts and status is unknown.

Mutant with teleporting powers. Presumably was a prisoner in Camp X-Factor, but later returned to Magneto. Unknown if dead or alive following the Ultimatum Wave.

Pyro

(Presumably) John Allerdyce

Unknown

Pyrokinetic. Former Morlock and X-Man. Presumed deceased after Valkyrie chopped off his hands.

Mutant animals

Orb Weaver

Unknown

Presumably a prisoner in Camp X-Factor.

A spider-like mutant.

Prosimian

Unknown

Deceased: killed by Magneto.

Evolved primate. One of the mutant animals rescued by the Brotherhood.

Saluki

Unknown

Presumably a prisoner in Camp X-Factor.

A dog-like mutant. One of the mutant animals rescued by the Brotherhood.

Sumatran

Unknown

Presumably a prisoner in Camp X-Factor.

A rhino-like mutant.

Kathleen

Kathleen (full name unrevealed)

Presumably a prisoner in Camp X-Factor.

A centipede-like mutant.

text: Weapon X[edit]

text:
Character / Real name

Status

Notes

Willing members

Col. John Wraith / Vindicator

Shot by Nick Fury. Revived by Canadian government. Current leader of Alpha Flight as Vindicator.

Former leader of Weapon X.

Dr. Abraham Cornelius

Currently heading the revamped Weapon X.

Chief scientist for Weapon X.

Sabretooth

Formerly working for Dr. Cornelius.

Rejoined the Brotherhood during Ultimatum and current whereabouts and status is unknown.

Tara (full name unrevealed)

Deceased: Committed suicide.

A rogue Weapon X agent, was apparently present during Wolverine's adamantium bonding.

Deathstrike / Yuriko Oyama

Neck snapped by Longshot while he was escaping.

An old acquaintance of Storm, codenamed Project "Y".

Prisoners

Wolverine / James "Lucky Jim" Howlett / Logan

Current whereabouts are unknown

Canadian paratrooper captured and experimented on during the Gulf War. The original Weapon X.

Nightcrawler / Kurt Wagner

Deceased, (killed by Ultimatum Wave)

Mutant teleporter kidnapped from Bavaria. Former X-Man and Morlock leader.

Rogue / Marian (full name unrevealed)

Current member of the X-Men.

Mutant kidnapped from Mississippi.

Juggernaut / Cain Marko

Former boyfriend of Rogue

Rogue's cellmate.

X-Men

Escaped Weapon X with the help of the Brotherhood and Nick Fury.

Were kidnapped from their mansion in Westchester. The roster at the time consisted of Professor X, Cyclops, Marvel Girl, Storm, Beast, Colossus, and Iceman.

text: The Morlocks[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Notes

Sunder

Unknown

Former leader of the Morlocks. Presumed deceased following the Ultimatum Wave.

Leech

Unknown

Former member of the Morlocks.
Deceased: He was recently shot and killed by Sinister as a sacrifice for Apocalypse.

Callisto

Unknown

Presumed deceased following the Ultimatum Wave.

Sparks

Unknown

She uses her abilities to provide electricity. When she sleeps, there is no power in the sewers. Presumed deceased following the Ultimatum Wave.

Caliban

Unknown

Presumed deceased following the Ultimatum Wave.

Pyro

(Presumably) John Allerdyce

Former Morlock. Recruited into the new X-Men by Bishop and Storm in Ultimate X-Men #82. Later joins the Brotherhood.

Nightcrawler

Kurt Wagner

Former member of Weapon X. Previously was psychically incapacitated by Professor X for kidnapping Dazzler, but escaped in Ultimate X-Men #79 following Xavier's death. Former leader of the Morlocks. Returned to the X-Men in issue #94 with no explanation for his return to the X-Men and departure with the Morlocks.

Many other unnamed Morlocks

Various

text: Alpha Flight[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Notes

Vindicator

Col. John Wraith

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game. He is the leader of Ultimate Alpha Flight. He has enhanced his powers by using the drug Banshee. He was revealed to be John Wraith from Weapon X.

Shaman

John Proudstar[citation needed]

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game.

Jubilee

(Presumably) Jubilation Lee

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game. Appears to have the powers of Boom Boom from Earth-616.

Sunfire

(Presumably) Shiro Yoshida

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game.

Sasquatch

Rahne Sinclair

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game. Presumably not the same Sasquatch that was mentioned to have been killed off-panel by former Ultimate X-Men writer, Brian Vaughan.

Snowbird

Danielle "Dani" Moonstar

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game.

Aurora

Jeanne-Marie Beaubier[1]

Debuted in Ultimate X-Men #94 to fight the X-Men and interrupt their softball game. Sister of Northstar,[1] who attends the Academy of Tomorrow.

text: Other Teams[edit]

text: Bishop's X-Men[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Bishop

Bishop (full name unrevealed)

Ultimate X-Men #81

Time traveller from the future. Leader and founder of the new X-Men. Killed by Wolverine in issue #90.

Storm

Ororo Monroe

Ultimate X-Men #81

Second field leader. Helped Bishop make a new team of X-Men following Xavier's "death". Now lives at X-Mansion and is the second field leader to the X-Men.

Pyro

(Presumably) John Allerdyce

Ultimate X-Men #82

Former Morlock. Recruited into the new X-Men by Bishop and Storm in issue #82. Was part of Xavier's X-Men, but joined the Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy.

Dazzler

Alison "Ali" Blaire

Ultimate X-Men #82

Left the X-Men after Nightcrawler kidnapped her in Ultimate X-Men Annual #2. Joined Bishop's X-Men in issue #82, and forced Bishop to take Angel as a member of his team. She went on to join Colossus's X-Men, but eventually switched back to Xavier's cause.

Angel

Warren Worthington III

Ultimate X-Men #83

Was expelled from the X-Men by Professor X as a cover for him to join Emma Frost's Academy of Tomorrow as a spy. He joined as a member of Bishop's new X-Men. He died, but was later revived by Jean Grey.

Wolverine

James "Lucky Jim" Howlett / Logan

Ultimate X-Men #84

Formerly Magneto's assassin and the original Weapon X. Left in issue #80 to find answers about his past. Joined Bishop's X-Men in issue #83.

Psylocke

Elisabeth "Betsy" Braddock (in Kwannon's body)

Ultimate X-Men #84

After hearing the news of Professor X's death, she returns to the mansion and learns that the X-Men are being disbanded. She joins Bishop's team as a member of the new X-Men. Currently a part of Xavier's team.

Beast

Henry "Hank" J. McCoy

Ultimate X-Men #88

Thought dead, but revealed to be alive and working for S.H.I.E.L.D. in issue #81. Joined Bishop's X-Men to be with Storm in Ultimate X-Men #88. Currently a part of Xavier's team.

text: Xavier Institute Student Body[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Original student body

Beast

Henry "Hank" J. McCoy

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student of the Institute until his departure in issue #40. He later returned to the X-Men, but was killed by the Ultimatum Wave.

Colossus

Piotr "Peter" Nikolaievitch Rasputin

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student of the Institute until his departure in issue #80 for the Academy of Tomorrow. He now leads his own X-Men, taking the drug Banshee to enhance their powers.

Cyclops

Scott Summers

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student of the Institute until Xavier's death in issue #78, after which he was named Co-Headmaster of the Institute alongside Jean Grey and Storm. He remained with the X-Men until his assassination by Quicksilver in Ultimatum #5.

Iceman

Robert "Bobby" Drake

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student at the Institute and former boyfriend of Rogue until she began taking Banshee. He is an X-Man as well, but he is considered to be only a junior X-Man. Still a member of the X-Men, but the Xavier Institute's status is unknown following the Ultimatum Wave.

Jean Grey

Jean Grey

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student at the Institute until Xavier's death in issue #78, after which she was named Co-Headmistress of the Institute alongside Cyclops and Storm.

Storm

Ororo Munroe

Ultimate X-Men #1

Former student at the Institute until later on in the series when she graduated (off-panel) and began training. She later became Co-Headmistress of the Institute alongside Cyclops and Jean Grey following Xavier's "death".

Later recruited students

Shadowcat

Katherine "Kitty" Pryde

Ultimate X-Men #21

Former student at the Institute until she departed in issue #79 to be with Spider-Man.

Nightcrawler

Kurt Wagner

Ultimate X-Men #32

Former student at the Institute. He went crazy and kidnapped Dazzler in Ultimate X-Men Annual #2 and left the X-Men. He came back only to begin abusing the drug Banshee and leave again. He rejoined the Institute later only to be killed by the Ultimatum Wave.

Rogue

Marian (full name unrevealed)

Ultimate X-Men #32

Former student at the Institute. Briefly left when she began using Banshee and joined Colossus's X-Men. She is still a member of the X-Men, but the Xavier Institute's status is unknown following the Ultimatum Wave.

Angel

Warren Worthington III

Ultimate X-Men #40

Former student at the Institute until he was expelled in issue #65. He later returned only to begin using Banshee and join Colossus's X-Men. He once again returned soon after. He was brutally murdered by Sabretooth during Ultimatum.[volume & issue needed]

Dazzler

Allison "Ali" Blaire

Ultimate X-Men #48

Former student at the Institute. Former student of the Academy of Tomorrow. She became comatose in issue #65. She later returned only to begin using Banshee and join Colossus's X-Men to save Northstar. She returned again thereafter. Killed by the Ultimatum Wave.[volume & issue needed]

Syndicate

Luke and Matthew (surname unrevealed)

Ultimate X-Men #58

Began working for Xavier undercover without the X-Men knowing, until Xavier returned. They then joined the X-Men and the student body. Killed during the Purifier raid on the Xavier Institute.[volume & issue needed]

Magician

Elliot Boggs

Ultimate X-Men #68

Brainwashed the X-Men into letting him join, until it was discovered and he was defeated by them in issue #72. Current whereabouts and status is unknown.

Psylocke

Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock (in Kwannon's body)

Ultimate X-Men #84

Revealed to be a student when Bishop and Storm picked her up from the Institute to join the new X-Men team. She had since returned to the Institute along with the rest of the X-Men. However, she is believed to be deceased following the Ultimatum Wave or may just be missing in action.

Firestar

Elizabeth "Liz" Allen

Ultimate X-Men #94

Joined the Institute and X-Men when Xavier resumed his position as Headmaster and after she discovered she was a mutant. She currently resides on Tian.

Various unidentified students

Various

text: Xavier Institute Teaching Staff[edit]

text:
Character

Real name

Joined in

Notes

Professor X

Charles Xavier

Ultimate X-Men #1

Founder of the Xavier Institute and founder of the X-Men. Original and current reigning Headmaster of the Institute. Killed by the Phoenix (Jean Grey) with her mind.

Storm

Ororo Munroe

Ultimate X-Men #1

Began training students in the Danger Room and later teaching them. Former Co-Headmistress alongside Cyclops and Jean Grey following Xavier's death.

Wolverine

James "Lucky Jim" Howlett / Logan

Ultimate X-Men #1

Began training students in the Danger Room and later teaching them strategic moves. Killed by Magneto, who ripped the adamantium off of his bones.

Cyclops

Scott Summers

Ultimate X-Men #78

Began as a Co-Headmaster alongside Jean Grey and Storm, later only Jean Grey, and remained in a teaching role after Xavier returned. He went undercover in Colossus's X-Men, but took a dose of Banshee. He returned to the X-Men only to be assassinated by Quicksilver in Ultimatum #5.

Jean Grey

Jean Grey

Ultimate X-Men #78

Began as a Co-Headmistress alongside Cyclops and Storm, later only Cyclops, and became second-in-command to Xavier when he returned.

Toad

Mortimer Toynbee

Ultimate X-Men #81

Cyclops hired him in a teaching position following Xavier's "death". He became an X-Man when Xavier returned. Presumed deceased following the Ultimatum Wave, but may just be missing in action.

Beast

Henry "Hank" J. McCoy

Ultimate X-Men #94

Began teaching when he returned with the X-Men to the Institute following Xavier's return. Killed by the Ultimatum Wave.

text: Other villains[edit]

text:
Apocalypse
Arcade
Crimson Dynamo
Fenris
Hellfire Club (led by Shinobi Shaw)
Major Domo
Mojo Adams
Moira MacTaggert
Proteus
Omega Red
Reavers
Sentinels
Sinister
Stryfe
Bolivar Trask
Shen-Yin Zorn
Magician (Elliot Boggs) - first appears in Ultimate X-Men #66.

text: X-Men allies[edit]

text:
Dai Thomas
Spider-Man (Peter Parker)
Fantastic Four
Lilandra and the Shi'ar
Daredevil (Matt Murdock)
Ultimates

text: Neutral characters[edit]

text:
Gambit
Spiral
Ultimates
S.H.I.E.L.D.


document_title: ABO blood group system

question_text: what are the four blood types in the abo system

root

text: ABO blood group system

text: History of discoveries of the blood types[edit]

text: The ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner, who identified the O, A, and B blood types in 1900.[4][5] Landsteiner originally described the O blood type as type "C", and in parts of Europe it is rendered as "0" (zero), signifying the lack of A or B antigen. Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for his work.[4] Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli discovered the fourth type, AB, in 1902.[6][7]

tag: p

text: It was subsequently found that the Czech serologist Jan Janský had independently pioneered the classification of human blood into four groups in 1907,[8] but Landsteiner's independent discovery had been accepted by the scientific world while Janský remained then in relative obscurity. However, in 1921 an American medical commission acknowledged Janský's classification. Jan Janský is nowadays credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (I, II, III, IV).

text: Janský's classification remains in use today. In Russia and states of the former USSR, blood types O, A, B, and AB are respectively designated I, II, III, and IV.[9] The designation A and B with reference to blood groups was proposed by Ludwik Hirszfeld.

text: In America, W.L. Moss published his own (very similar) work in 1910.[10]

text: Ludwik Hirszfeld and E. von Dungern discovered the heritability of ABO blood groups in 1910–11. Felix Bernstein demonstrated the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple alleles at one locus in 1924.[11] Watkins and Morgan, in England, discovered that the ABO epitopes were conferred by sugars, to be specific, N-acetylgalactosamine for the A-type and galactose for the B-type.[12][13][14] After much published literature claiming that the ABH substances were all attached to glycosphingolipids, Finne et al. (1978) found that the human erythrocyte glycoproteins contain polylactosamine chains[15] that contains ABH substances attached and represent the majority of the antigens.[16][17][18] The main glycoproteins carrying the ABH antigens were identified to be the Band 3 and Band 4.5 proteins and glycophorin.[19] Later, Yamamoto's group showed the precise glycosyl transferase set that confers the A, B and O epitopes.[20]

text: Alteration of ABO antigens for transfusion[edit]

text: In April 2007, an international team of researchers announced in the journal Nature Biotechnology an inexpensive and efficient way to convert types A, B, and AB blood into type O.[22] This is done by using glycosidase enzymes from specific bacteria to strip the blood group antigens from red blood cells. The removal of A and B antigens still does not address the problem of the Rh blood group antigen on the blood cells of Rh positive individuals, and so blood from Rh negative donors must be used. Patient trials will be conducted before the method can be relied on in live situations.

text: Another approach to the blood antigen problem is the manufacture of artificial blood, which could act as a substitute in emergencies.[23]

text: Genetics[edit]

text: Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The I designation stands for isoagglutinogen, another term for antigen.[24] The gene encodes a glycosyltransferase—that is, an enzyme that modifies the carbohydrate content of the red blood cell antigens. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q34).

text: The IA allele gives type A, IB gives type B, and i gives type O. As both IA and IB are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with IAIA or IAi have type A blood, and individuals with IBIB or IBi have type B. IAIB people have both phenotypes, because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous (IBi,IAi) The cis-AB phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A1 or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group.[25]

text:
Blood group inheritance

Blood type

O
A
B
AB

Genotype
ii (OO)
IAi (AO)
IAIA (AA)
IBi (BO)
IBIB (BB)
IAIB (AB)

O
ii (OO)
O
OO OO OO OO
O or A
AO OO AO OO
A
AO AO AO AO
O or B
BO OO BO OO
B
BO BO BO BO
A or B
AO BO AO BO

A
IAi (AO)
O or A
AO AO OO OO
O or A
AA AO AO OO
A
AA AA AO AO
O, A, B or AB
AB AO BO OO
B or AB
AB AB BO BO
A, B or AB
AA AB AO BO

IAIA (AA)
A
AO AO AO AO
A
AA AO AA AO
A
AA AA AA AA
A or AB
AB AO AB AO
AB
AB AB AB AB
A or AB
AA AB AA AB

B
IBi (BO)
O or B
BO BO OO OO
O, A, B or AB
AB BO AO OO
A or AB
AB AB AO AO
O or B
BB BO BO OO
B
BB BB BO BO
A, B or AB
AB BB AO BO

IBIB (BB)
B
BO BO BO BO
B or AB
AB BO AB BO
AB
AB AB AB AB
B
BB BO BB BO
B
BB BB BB BB
B or AB
AB BB AB BB

AB
IAIB (AB)
A or B
AO AO BO BO
A, B or AB
AA AO AB BO
A or AB
AA AA AB AB
A, B or AB
AB AO BB BO
B or AB
AB AB BB BB
A, B, or AB
AA AB AB BB

tag: table

text: The table above summarizes the various blood groups that children may inherit from their parents.[26][27] Genotypes are shown in the second column and in small print for the offspring: AO and AA both test as type A; BO and BB test as type B. The four possibilities represent the combinations obtained when one allele is taken from each parent; each has a 25% chance, but some occur more than once.

text:
Blood group inheritance by phenotype only

Blood type
O
A
B
AB

O
O
O or A
O or B
A or B

A
O or A
O or A
O, A, B or AB
A, B or AB

B
O or B
O, A, B or AB
O or B
A, B or AB

AB
A or B
A, B or AB
A, B or AB
A, B or AB

text: Historically, ABO blood tests were used in paternity testing, but in 1957 only 50% of American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity.[28] Occasionally, the blood types of children are not consistent with expectations—for example, a type O child can be born to an AB parent—due to rare situations, such as Bombay phenotype and cis AB.[29]

text: Subgroups[edit]

text: The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest.[30] These two subgroups are not always interchangeable as far as transfusion is concerned, as some A2 individuals produce antibodies against the A1 antigen. Complications can sometimes arise in rare cases when typing the blood.[30]

text: With the development of DNA sequencing, it has been possible to identify a much larger number of alleles at the ABO locus, each of which can be categorized as A, B, or O in terms of the reaction to transfusion, but which can be distinguished by variations in the DNA sequence. There are six common alleles in white individuals of the ABO gene that produce one's blood type:[31][32]

text:
A
B
O

A101 (A1)
A201 (A2)
B101 (B1)
O01 (O1)
O02 (O1v)
O03 (O2)

text: The same study also identified 18 rare alleles, which generally have a weaker glycosylation activity. People with weak alleles of A can sometimes express anti-A antibodies, though these are usually not clinically significant as they do not stably interact with the antigen at body temperature.[33]

text: Cis AB is another rare variant, in which A and B genes are transmitted together from a single parent.

text: Distribution and evolutionary history[edit]

text: The distribution of the blood groups A, B, O and AB varies across the world according to the population. There are also variations in blood type distribution within human subpopulations.

text: In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of placenames and to the successive invasions and migrations including Norsemen, Danes, Saxons, Celts, and Normans who contributed the morphemes to the placenames and the genes to the population.[34]

text: The two common O alleles, O01 and O02, share their first 261 nucleotides with the group A allele A01.[35] However, unlike the group A allele, a guanosine base is subsequently deleted. A premature stop codon results from this frame-shift mutation. This variant is found worldwide, and likely predates human migration from Africa. The O01 allele is considered to predate the O02 allele.[citation needed]

text: Some evolutionary biologists theorize that the IA allele evolved first, followed by O (by the deletion of a single nucleotide, shifting the reading frame) and then IB.[citation needed] This chronology accounts for the percentage of people worldwide with each blood type. It is consistent with the accepted patterns of early population movements and varying prevalent blood types in different parts of the world: for instance, B is very common in populations of Asian descent, but rare in ones of Western European descent. Another theory states that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans.[36] From oldest to youngest, these lineages comprise the following alleles: A101/A201/O09, B101, O02 and O01. The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection.[36] Both theories contradict the previously held theory that type O blood evolved first.[citation needed]

text: Origin theories[edit]

text: It is possible that food and environmental antigens (bacterial, viral, or plant antigens) have epitopes similar enough to A and B glycoprotein antigens. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross-react with ABO-incompatible red blood cells that it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti-A antibodies are hypothesized to originate from immune response towards influenza virus, whose epitopes are similar enough to the α-D-N-galactosamine on the A glycoprotein to be able to elicit a cross-reaction. Anti-B antibodies are hypothesized to originate from antibodies produced against Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, cross-reacting with the α-D-galactose on the B glycoprotein.[37]

text: However, it is more likely that the force driving evolution of allele diversity is simply negative frequency-dependent selection; cells with rare variants of membrane antigens are more easily distinguished by the immune system from pathogens carrying antigens from other hosts. Thus, individuals possessing rare types are better equipped to detect pathogens. The high within-population diversity observed in human populations would, then, be a consequence of natural selection on individuals.[38]

text: HIV can be neutralized in in vitro experiments using antibodies against blood group antigens specifically expressed on the HIV-producing cell lines.[39][40]

text: Clinical relevance[edit]

text: The carbohydrate molecules on the surfaces of red blood cells have roles in cell membrane integrity, cell adhesion, membrane transportation of molecules, and acting as receptors for extracellular ligands, and enzymes. ABO antigens are found having similar roles on epithelial cells as well as red blood cells.[41][42]

text: Bleeding and thrombosis (von Willebrand factor)[edit]

text: The ABO antigen is also expressed on the von Willebrand factor (vWF) glycoprotein,[43] which participates in hemostasis (control of bleeding). In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding,[44] as 30% of the total genetic variation observed in plasma vWF is explained by the effect of the ABO blood group,[45] and individuals with group O blood normally have significantly lower plasma levels of vWF (and Factor VIII) than do non-O individuals.[46][47] In addition, vWF is degraded more rapidly due to the higher prevalence of blood group O with the Cys1584 variant of vWF (an amino acid polymorphism in VWF):[48] the gene for ADAMTS13 (vWF-cleaving protease) maps to the ninth chromosome (9q34), the same locus as ABO blood type. Higher levels of vWF are more common amongst people who have had ischemic stroke (from blood clotting) for the first time.[49] The results of this study found that the occurrence was not affected by ADAMTS13 polymorphism, and the only significant genetic factor was the person's blood group.

text: Disease risks[edit]

text: Compared to O group individuals, non-O group (A, AB, and B) individuals have a 14% reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma and 4% reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma.[50] Conversely, type O blood is associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.[51][52] The B antigen links with increased risk of ovarian cancer.[53] Gastric cancer has reported to be more common in blood group A and least in group O.[54]

text: According to Glass, Holmgren, et al., those in the O blood group have an increased risk of infection with cholera, and those O-group individuals who are infected have more severe infections. The mechanisms behind this association with cholera are unclear in the literature.[55]

text: ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn[edit]

text: ABO blood group incompatibilities between the mother and child does not usually cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) because antibodies to the ABO blood groups are usually of the IgM type, which do not cross the placenta. However, in an O-type mother, IgG ABO antibodies are produced and the baby can potentially develop ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

text: Clinical applications[edit]

text: In human cells, the ABO alleles and their encoded glycosyltransferases have been described in several oncologic conditions.[56] Using anti-GTA/GTB monoclonal antibodies, it was demonstrated that a loss of these enzymes was correlated to malignant bladder and oral epithelia.[57][58] Furthermore, the expression of ABO blood group antigens in normal human tissues is dependent the type of differentiation of the epithelium. In most human carcinomas, including oral carcinoma, a significant event as part of the underlying mechanism is decreased expression of the A and B antigens.[59] Several studies have observed that a relative down-regulation of GTA and GTB occurs in oral carcinomas in association with tumor development.[59][60] More recently, a genome wide association study (GWAS) has identified variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.[61]

text: Clinical marker[edit]

text: A multi-locus genetic risk score study based on a combination of 27 loci, including the ABO gene, identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary artery disease events, as well as an enhanced clinical benefit from statin therapy. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22).[62]

text: Pseudoscience[edit]

text: During the 1930s, connecting blood groups to personality types became popular in Japan and other areas of the world.[63] There are some positive science studies.[64][65]

text: Other popular but unsupported ideas include the use of a blood type diet, claims that group A causes severe hangovers, group O is associated with perfect teeth, and those with blood group A2 have the highest IQs. Scientific evidence in support of these concepts is nonexistent.[66]

text: Data tables[edit]

text:
ABO allele frequencies in Korean, Japanese and German populations.

Population

ABO allele

A(Pro)
A(Leu)
B
O(T)
O(A)
O2

Korean (n=253)
0.022a,c
0.209c
0.209c
0.360a,e
0.200b
0d

Japanese1 (n=520)
0.071
0.216
0.178
0.273
0.262
0

German2 (n=169)
0.213
0.077
0.047
0.426
0.216
0.021

aKorean versus Japanese, p<0.001. bKorean versus Japanese, p<0.01.
cKorean versus German, p<0.001. dKorean versus German, p<0.01.
eKorean versus German, p<0.05 (Fisher's exact probability test).
1Fukumori et al., 1996. 2Nishimukai et al., 1996.

Source: Table 2, Page 333, Kang Sung-ha et al. (1997)[67]