document_title: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing

question_text: where do the triple crown races take place

question_tokens: where do the triple crown races take place

text: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing

text: United States Triple Crowns[edit]

text: In the United States, the three races that make up the Triple Crown are:

text:
Kentucky Derby, run over the 1 1⁄4-mile (2.0 km) dirt track at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky
Preakness Stakes, run over the 1 3⁄16-mile (1.9 km) dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland
Belmont Stakes, run over the 1 1⁄2-mile (2.4 km) dirt track, the longest in U.S. thoroughbred racing, at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, just east of the New York City borough of Queens in Nassau County, Long Island

tag: ol

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text:
List of US Triple Crown winners

Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner
Breeder

1919
Sir Barton
Johnny Loftus
H. Guy Bedwell
J. K. L. Ross
John E. Madden

1930
Gallant Fox
Earl Sande
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
Belair Stud

1935
Omaha
Willie Saunders
Jim Fitzsimmons
Belair Stud
Belair Stud

1937
War Admiral
Charley Kurtsinger
George H. Conway
Samuel D. Riddle
Samuel D. Riddle

1941
Whirlaway
Eddie Arcaro
Ben A. Jones
Calumet Farm
Calumet Farm

1943
Count Fleet
Johnny Longden
Don Cameron
Fannie Hertz
Fannie Hertz

1946
Assault
Warren Mehrtens
Max Hirsch
King Ranch
King Ranch

1948
Citation
Eddie Arcaro
Horace A. Jones
Calumet Farm
Calumet Farm

1973
Secretariat
Ron Turcotte
Lucien Laurin
Meadow Stable
Meadow Stud

1977
Seattle Slew
Jean Cruguet
William H. Turner, Jr.
Mickey and Karen L. Taylor,
Tayhill Stable/Jim Hill, et al.

Ben S. Castleman

1978
Affirmed
Steve Cauthen
Laz Barrera
Harbor View Farm
Harbor View Farm

2015
American Pharoah
Victor Espinoza
Bob Baffert
Ahmed Zayat
Zayat Stables

text: Triple Tiara[edit]

text: There have been several different versions of the Triple Tiara (sometimes known as the Filly Triple Crown) in the United States. One of them was a national version that consisted of undercard events on the same weekends as the associated Triple Crown races:

text:
Kentucky Oaks, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) on a dirt track, at Churchill Downs;
Black-Eyed Susan Stakes, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) (previously 1 1⁄16 mi or 1.7 km) on a dirt track, at Pimlico Race Course;
Acorn Stakes, run over 1 mile (1.6 km) (previously 1 1⁄2 mi or 2.4 km) on a dirt track, at Belmont Park;

text: Only one filly won this version of the Triple Tiara, Davona Dale in 1979. Few have even tried as the short time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies.

text: The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara uses three races from New York. From 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Eight fillies won this version of the New York Triple Tiara:

text:
Dark Mirage (1968)
Shuvee (1969)
Chris Evert (1974)
Ruffian (1975)
Davona Dale (1979)
Mom's Command (1985)
Open Mind (1989)
Sky Beauty (1993)

text: In 2010, the NYRA changed the configuration of the Triple Tiara to include the Alabama Stakes instead of the Mother Goose. Thus far, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara.

text: United Kingdom Triple Crowns[edit]

text: In England, where the term Triple Crown originated with West Australian's three wins in 1853, it is made up of:

text:
the 2,000 Guineas Stakes, run over 1 mile (1,609 meters) at Newmarket Racecourse in Newmarket, Suffolk
The Derby, run over 1 mile 4 furlongs and 10 yards (2,423 metres) at Epsom Downs Racecourse in Epsom, Surrey
the St. Leger Stakes, run over 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 132 yards (2,937 metres) at Town Moor in Doncaster, Yorkshire

text: Since the 2,000 Guineas was first run in 1809, fifteen horses (including three winners of substitute races at Newmarket during World War I) have won the English Triple Crown. The most recent – and only winner since World War II – was Nijinsky, in 1970. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would ever win the English Triple Crown again. In the winter of 2006/2007, however, trainer Jim Bolger was training his unbeaten colt Teofilo for the Triple Crown[1] and bookmaker William Hill plc was offering odds of only 12/1 against Teofilo winning the 2007 Triple Crown. The horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the race after suffering a setback and never raced again.

text: Since Nijinsky, only Nashwan (1989), Sea the Stars (2009), and Camelot (2012) have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner (not even the potential Triple Crown winners Nashwan and Sea the Stars) even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horse's stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina.

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: For a list of the annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners.

text: Triple Crown winners:

text:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner

1853
West Australian
Frank Butler
John Scott
John Bowes

1865
Gladiateur
Harry Grimshaw
Tom Jennings, Sr.
Frédéric de Lagrange

1866
Lord Lyon
Harry Custance
James Dover
Richard Sutton

1886
Ormonde
Fred Archer
John Porter
Duke of Westminster

1891
Common
George Barrett
John Porter
Sir Frederick Johnstone

1893
Isinglass
Tommy Loates
James Jewitt
Harry McCalmont

1897
Galtee More
Charles Wood
Sam Darling
John Gubbins

1899
Flying Fox
Morny Cannon
John Porter
Duke of Westminster

1900
Diamond Jubilee
Herbert Jones
Richard Marsh
Edward, Prince of Wales

1903
Rock Sand
Danny Maher
George Blackwell
Sir James Miller

1915†
Pommern
Steve Donoghue
Charles Peck
Solly Joel

1917†
Gay Crusader
Steve Donoghue
Alec Taylor, Jr.
Alfred W. Cox

1918†
Gainsborough
Joe Childs
Alec Taylor, Jr.
Lady James Douglas

1935
Bahram
Freddie Fox and Charlie Smirke
Frank Butters
HH Aga Khan III

1970
Nijinsky
Lester Piggott
Vincent O'Brien
Charles W. Engelhard, Jr.

text: †Wartime winners Pommern, Gay Crusader and Gainsborough are not counted, according to many judges, as the three races were all held at Newmarket and racing itself was too disrupted. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, and only three in the 20th century.

text: Failed Triple Crown attempts[edit]

text: The following horses won the 2000 Guineas and Derby but were beaten in the St Leger:

text:
Cotherstone (1843): second to Nutwith
Pretender (1869): fourth to Pero Gomez
Shotover (1882): third to Dutch Oven
Ayrshire (1888): sixth to Seabreeze
Ladas (1894): second to Throstle
St. Amant (1904): seventh and last to Pretty Polly
Minoru (1909): fourth to Bayardo
Manna (1925): tenth to Solario
Cameronian (1931): tenth and last to Sandwich
Camelot (2012): second to Encke

text: Fillies Triple Crown[edit]

text: There is also a Fillies Triple Crown for a filly winning the 1,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks and St. Leger Stakes.[2] In the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies' Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. Winners of the Fillies Triple Crown are:

text:
1868 – Formosa, also dead heated in the Two Thousand Guineas
1871 – Hannah
1874 – Apology, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1892 – La Fleche, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1902 – Sceptre, also won the Two Thousand Guineas
1904 – Pretty Polly
1942 – Sun Chariot
1955 – Meld[2]
1985 – Oh So Sharp

text: Alternative Triple Crowns[edit]

text: The trio of Ascot Gold Cup, Goodwood Cup and Doncaster Cup is sometimes referred to as the Stayers Triple Crown.[3]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: In Ireland, the Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent,[4] is made up of

text:
the Irish 2,000 Guineas
the Irish Derby
the Irish St. Leger (open to older horses)

text: All three races are run at the Curragh.

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: For a list of the annual individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners.

text: Only two horses have won all three races since the Irish Two Thousand Guineas was first run in 1921:

text:
Museum (1935)
Windsor Slipper (1942)

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada the three races that comprise the Triple Crown are:

text:
Queen's Plate
Prince of Wales Stakes
Breeders' Stakes

text: Winners of the Canadian Triple Crown[edit]

text: The Canadian Triple Crown was established in 1959 and since then seven horses have won it. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now officially recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown.[5][6][7]

text: Pre-1959 establishment[edit]

text:
1932 Queensway (filly)
1939 Archworth
1945 Uttermost
1955 Ace Marine
1956 Canadian Champ

text: Since 1959 establishment[edit]

text:
1959 New Providence
1963 Canebora
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia
1991 Dance Smartly (filly)
1993 Peteski
2003 Wando

text: Canadian Triple Tiara[edit]

text: The Canadian Triple Tiara consists of:

text:
Woodbine Oaks (formerly the Canadian Oaks)
Bison City Stakes
Wonder Where Stakes

text: To date, only one filly has won it:

text: 2007 Sealy Hill

text: Australia[edit]

text: The Australian Triple Crown comprises the following races:[8]

text:
Randwick Guineas (1,600 m)
Rosehill Guineas (2,000 m)
AJC Australian Derby (2,400 m).

text: The three-year-old Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas (1,900 m) but nowadays the first leg is the Randwick Guineas.[9]

text: Australian Triple Crown champions[edit]

text: A total of five horses have won the Australian Triple Crown:[10]

text:
Year
Winner

1943
Moorland

1959
Martello Towers

1973
Imagele

1996
Octagonal

2013
Dundeel

text: The Two Year Old Triple Crown (also known as the Two-year-old Grand Slam)[11] consists of:

text:
Golden Slipper Stakes (1,200 m)
AJC Sires Produce Stakes
Champagne Stakes (1,600 m)

text: Only six horses have won the Australian Two Year Old Triple Crown:

text:
1970 Baguette
1977 Luskin Star
1991 Tierce
1992 Burst (filly)
2004 Dance Hero
2012 Pierro

text: Germany[edit]

text: In Germany, the Triple Crown (Dreifache Krone) consists of

text:
Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen, German 2000 Guineas (formerly Henckel-Rennen), Cologne, 1600 m
Deutsches Derby, Hamburg, 2400 m
Deutsches St. Leger, Dortmund, 2800 m

text: Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown, Königsstuhl in 1979.[12]

text: In East Germany the Dreifache Krone consisted of

text:
Frühjahrszuchtpreis der Dreijährigen
Derby der DDR (Derby of GDR)
Großer Herbstpreis der Dreijährigen

text: Three horses have won the East German Triple Crown:

text:
Winner of the East German Dreifache Krone[13]

Year
Name
Pedigree
Breeder
Owner
Trainer

1987
Lomber
Trion - Lolita by Zigeunersohn
Graditz Stud
Graditz Stud
H. Schäfke

1979
Gidron
Santamoss - Geografia by Girst
Graditz Stud
Graditz Stud
F. Borrack

1955
Faktotum
Harlekin - Frühlingssonne by Lampos
Graditz Stud
Graditz Stud
R. Kortum

text: France[edit]

text: The French Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Grand Prix de Paris

text: Previously the French Triple Crown consisted of

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Prix Royal-Oak

text: Two horses have swept the French Triple Crown

text:
Zut, in 1879
Perth, in 1899

text: For fillies:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Vermeille

text: Four fillies have won all three races:

text:
Nikellora, in 1945
Corteira, in 1948
Allez France, in 1973
Zarkava, in 2008

text: Previously the French Triple Crown for fillies consisted of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Royal-Oak

text: No filly has ever won the series.

text: Belgium[edit]

text: The Belgian Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (Belgian 2000 Guineas)
Derby Belge
St. Leger Belge

text: Known Triple Crown winners in Belgium:

text:
Kitty (1926)
Bayeux (1947)
Soudard (1971)
Epsiba (1980)
Camiros (1982)
Abbey's Grey (1989)
Super Native (1990)

text: The Fillies' Triple Crown in Belgium appears to consist of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliches (Belgian 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Gustave Roy de Blicquy (Belgian Oaks)
St. Leger Belge

text: One filly is known to have won all three races:

text: Domitillia (BEL), 1959

text: Belgium's Jockey Club does not (or will not) disclose histories of its Triple Crown races. It is not known if the lists above are complete, and it is not known if any of the above races are still being run in Belgium. The last Derby Belge for which there is any known record was in 2011, when the race was won by German-bred Revanta.

text: Hungary[edit]

text: The Hungarian Triple consists of:

text:
Nemzeti dij (Hungarian 2000 Guineas)
Magyar Derby (Hungarian Derby)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)

text: Hungarian Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Try Well (HUN), 1936
Bilbao (HUN), 1977
April Sun (HUN), 1999
Saldenzar (GER), 2007
Quelindo (GER), 2015

text: The Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Hazafi dij (Hungarian 1000 Guineas)
Magyar Kancadíj (Hungarian Oaks)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)

text: No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown.

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Swiss Derby
Swiss 2000 Guineas
Swiss St. Leger

text: Plus the series for fillies

text:
Swiss Oaks
Swiss 1000 Guineas

text: One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown.

text: 2006 Majofils (FR)

text: Majofil's half-sister Singapore Creek (FR) captured the 2007 Swiss Oaks.

text: Denmark[edit]

text: In Denmark, the Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Dansk Derby
Dansk Forarslob (Dansk 2000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger

text: Three horses have won the Danish Triple Crown:

text:
Sunbeam, in 1939
Asa Thor, in 1945
Hallo, in 1946

text: The Danish Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Dansk Oaks
Marowinalob (Dansk 1000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Rossard, in 1983

text: Sweden[edit]

text: The Swedish Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Svenskt Derby
Jockeyklubbens Jubileumslöpning (Svenskt Thousand Guineas)
Svenskt St. Leger

text: Three horses have swept the Swedish Triple Crown:

text:
Birgit, in 1940
Coast Guard, in 1952
Homosassa, in 1985

text: The Swedish Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Dianalöpning (Svenskt One Thousand Guineas)
Svensk Oaks
Svenskt St. Leger

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Wonderbird, in 1953

text: Norway[edit]

text: The Norsk Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Norsk 2000 Guineas
Norsk Derby
Norsk St. Leger

text: Eight horses have swept the Norwegian Triple Crown:

text:
Cato, in 1943
Sally, in 1944
Primadonna, in 1945
Askepot, in 1948
Trainer's Seat, in 1976
Dalby Jaguar, in 1981
Sunorius, in 1987
Without Fear, in 2011

text: The Norwegian Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Norsk 1000 Guineas
Norsk Oaks
Norsk St. Leger

text: No filly has swept all three races.

text: The Netherlands[edit]

text: The Dutch Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Hengsten Productenren (Dutch 2000 Guineas)
Dutch Derby
Dutch St. Leger

text: The following horses have swept the Dutch Triple Crown:

text:
Tosto (HOL), in 1951
Sans Valeur (HOL), in 1954
Jolly Peter (HOL), in 1959
Jolly Jinks (HOL), in 1966
Frances Hope (HOL), in 1976
Ishamo (GB), in 1981
Boxberger Speed (GB), in 1982
Boxberger Civano (GB), in 1984
Sydney Raaphorst (GB), in 1985
Double Fun (HOL), in 2002

text: The Dutch Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Merries Productenren (Dutch 1000 Guineas)
Diana-prijs (Dutch Oaks)
Dutch St. Leger

text: The following horses have swept the series:

text:
Ramana, in 1947
Qualissa (HOL), in 1949 (also won the 1949 Dutch Derby)
Que Sara (HOL), in 1967
Queen of Roses S (HOL), in 1973 (also won 1973 Dutch Derby)
Libelle (HOL), in 1980
Carmona (HOL), in 1983

text: The Dutch Triple Crown races, except the Dutch Derby and possibly the Dutch Oaks, have not been run since around 2008.

text: India[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Indian Triple Crown are the Indian 2000 Guineas, the Indian Derby and the Indian St Leger, all run at Mahalaxmi Race Course in Mumbai. The 2000 Guineas is run in December, and the Derby on the first Sunday of the following February. The St Leger is usually run in April; between 1970 and 1990 it was run at Pune, before being shifted to Mumbai. It is now again being run in Pune.

text: Ten horses have won the Indian Triple Crown:

text:
Commoner 1953/54
Loyal Manzar 1961/62
Prince Pradeep 1963/64
Red Rufus 1966/67
Our Select 1967/68
Squanderer 1976/77
Almanac 1981/82
Astonish 1991/92
Indictment 1997/98
Smart Chieftain 1999/00

text: One filly has swept the series for fillies (Indian 1000 Guineas, Indian Oaks, Indian St. Leger):

text: Her Majesty 1947/48

text: Kenya[edit]

text: The Kenya Triple Crown series is run at Ngong Racecourse, in Nairobi, and consists of:

text:
Kenya Derby (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)

text: The three races have been won by:

text:
Heron, in 1972
Manuscript, in 1978
Pretty Witch (filly) in 1981
Morningstar, in 1990
Kings Pattern, in 1994

text: The Kenya Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Kenya Fillies Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya Oaks (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)

text: The three races have been won by:

text:
Windsong, in 1999
Happy Times, in 2015
Western Ballad, in 2016

text: Turkey[edit]

text: In Turkey, the three races that compose the Triple Crown are:[14]

text:
Erkek Tay Deneme (Turkish 2000 Guineas – 1,600 m) or Dişi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas – 1,600 m)
Gazi Derby (Turkish Derby Stakes – 2,400 m)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger – 2,800 m)

text: Three-year-old horses are eligible for the Turkish Triple Crown.

text: Champions of the Turkish Triple Crown are:

text:
1970 Sadettin (Caerlaverock – Zeynep, by Ugur)
1971 Minimo (Cihangir – Mighty Mo, by Big Game(GB)) ***Minimo did not win the Turkish 2000 Guineas, but she did win the Derby, Oaks, St. Leger & 1000 Guineas***
1973 Karayel (Prince Tudor – Linda, by Cihangir)
1983 Seren.1 (Karayel – Karanara, by Allenheads)
1985 Ugurtay (Tunkut – Nosana, by Kythnos)
1986 Hafız (Royal Shiraz – Linda, by Cihangir)
1996 Bold Pilot (Persian Bold – Rosa Palumba, by Imperial Fling)
2001 Grand Ekinoks (Barnato – Violent Girl, by Aristocrat)

text: The Turkish Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Disi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas)
Kisrak (Turkish Oaks)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger)

text: Fillies that have swept this series are:

text:
Suphan, in 1965
Minimo, in 1971

text: Japan[edit]

text: Japan has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns.

text: Japanese Triple Crown[15]

text:
the Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas - 2000m), at Nakayama Racecourse in Funabashi, Chiba
the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby - 2400m), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Kikuka Sho (Japanese St.Leger - 3000m), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto

text: Only seven horses have received the Japanese Triple Crown:

text:
1941 St Lite (Diolite – Flippancy, by Flamboyant)
1964 Shinzan (Hindostan – Hayanobori, by Hayatake)
1983 Mr. C.B. (Tosho Boy – C.B. Queen, by Topyo)
1984 Symboli Rudolf (Partholon – Sweet Luna, by Speed Symboli)
1994 Narita Brian (Brian's Time – Pacificus, by Northern Dancer)
2005 Deep Impact (Sunday Silence – Wind in Her Hair, by Alzao)
2011 Orfevre (Stay Gold - Oriental Art, by Mejiro McQueen)

text: Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown[16]

text:
the Oka Sho (Japanese 1000 Guineas), at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo
the Yushun Himba (Japanese Oaks), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Shuka Sho (since 1996), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto / the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup (1976–1995)

text: Only four horses have received the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown:

text:
1986 Mejiro l' Amone (Mogami – Mejiro Hiryu, by Never Beat)
2003 Still in Love (Sunday Silence – Bradamante, by Roberto)
2010 Apapane (King Kamehameha – Salty Bid, by Salt Lake)
2012 Gentildonna (Deep Impact – Donna Blini, by Bertolini)

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series at Hong Kong's Sha Tin Racecourse consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. Unlike most other Triple Crown events, these races are not confined to three-year-olds.[17] They are:

text:
Hong Kong Stewards' Cup at 1,600 metres (0.99 mi) held in January
Hong Kong Gold Cup at 2,000 metres (1.2 mi) held in February
Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup at 2,400 metres (1.5 mi) held in May

text: In 1994, River Verdon became the first, and to date, only horse to win the Hong Kong Triple Crown.

text: In Hong Kong, there are two other Triple Crown series, the Hong Kong Speed Series and the Four-year-old Series.

text: Italy[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series consists in three races at increasingly longer distances.

text:
Premio Parioli at Capannelle Racecourse in Rome, 1600 m, Group 3
Derby Italiano at Capenelle Racecourse in Rome, 2200 m, Group 2
St. Leger Italiano, at San Siro Racecourse in Milano, 1 mile, 6 furlongs

text: Three horses have swept the Italian Triple Crown:

text:
Niccolo dell'Arca(ITY), in 1941
Gladiolo(FR), in 1946
Botticelli(ITY), in 1954

text: The Italian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Premio Regina Elena (1000 Guineas)
Oaks d'Italiano (Italian Oaks)
St. Leger Italiano

text: No filly has swept all three races, but Jacopa de Sellaio (ITY) won the Premio Parioli, Derby Italiano, Premio Regina Elena, and Oaks d'Italia in 1932.

text: Spain[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Premio Cimera (Spanish 2000 Guineas)
Premio Villapadierna (Spanish Derby)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)

text: Two horses have swept the Spanish Triple Crown:

text:
Dual Sea (GB), in 1975
Arkaitz (SPA), in 2014

text: The Triple Crown for fillies consists of:

text:
Premio Valderas (Spanish 1000 Guineas)
Premio Beamonte (Spanish Oaks)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Tokara (SPA), in 1962

text: Macau[edit]

text: In Macau, the Macau Jockey Club introduced the Triple Crown Series in 2008, with three races all held in Taipa Racecourse, Macau:

text:
Director's Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)

text: In 2009 Macau Jockey Club changed the series for 4-year old horses:

text:
Macau Guineas, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Derby, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)

text: In 2010, Luen Yat Forever become the first and, to date, only horse to win the Macau Triple Crown.[18]

text: Argentina[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Argentina are:

text:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos and Gran Premio Polla de Potrancas, Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 mile on dirt)
Gran Premio Jockey Club, Hipodromo de San Isidro (1 1/4 m mile on turf)
Gran Premio Nacional (Argentine Derby), Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 9/16 m on dirt)

text: Winners of the Argentinian Triple Crown are:

text:
1902 Pippermint
1904 Old Man
1906 Malgrejo
1908 Chopp
1917 Botafogo
1930 Sierra Balcarce (filly)
1931 Mineral
1934 Silfo
1938 Sorteado
1939 Embrujo
1940 La Mission (filly)
1951 Yatasto
1954 Tatán
1958 Manantial
1964 Gobernado
1966 Forli
1978 Telescopico
1986 El Serrano
1996 Refinado Tom[19]

text: Mexico[edit]

text: The Mexican Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Derby Mexicano (8 1/2 furlongs)
Stakes Jockey Club Mexicano (8 furlongs)
Gran Premio Nacional (8 1/2 furlongs).

text: All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City.

text: Mexican Triple Crown winners:

text:
1946 Plucky Flag (filly)
1949 Re-Torta (filly)
1966 Cachava (MEX) (filly)
1979 Gran Zar (MEX)
1980 Pikotazo (MEX)
2002 Dominciano (MEX)
2015 Huitlacoche (MEX)

text: The Mexican Fillies' Triple Crown series consists of :

text:
Clasico Rubi (7 furlongs)
Clasico Esmeralda (8 furlongs)
Clasico Diamante (8 1/2 furlongs).

text: Mexican Filly Triple Crown winners:

text:
2005 She's a Lady Race (MEX)
2007 That's Life (MEX)
2009 Vivian Record (MEX)

text: Chile[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Chile are:

text:
Clásico El Ensayo, Club Hipico de Santiago
Clásico St. Leger, Hipodromo Chile
El Derby, Valparaiso Sporting Club.

text: Winners of the Chilean Triple Crown are:

text:
1885 Cachaporal
1928 Tutti Frutti
1939 Grimsby
1946 Tabano
1951 Empire
1956 Eugenia
1966 Prologo
1991 Wolf[20]

text: Dominican Republic[edit]

text: The winners of the Dominican Republic Triple Crown have been:

text:
1979 Cibao
1980 Amor Mio
1982 Senorita Cuquina
1985 Dr. Calderon
1990 Candice Akemi
1991 J. Robert
1997 Sweet Honey
2005 Excelencia
2007 Matty Alou
2008 Sicótico[21]
2015 Fratello Martino
2016 Tango Dancer
2017 Inmenso

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: The Jamaican Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Jamaican 2000 Guineas
Jamaican Derby
Jamaican St. Leger

text: The winners of the Jamaican Triple Crown are:

text:
1981 Royal Dad
1987 Monday Morning
1988 Lui Chie Pooh
1992 Milligram
1996 War Zone
2000 I'm Satisfied
2010 Mark My Words

text: The Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Jamaican 1000 Guineas
Jamaican Oaks
Jamaican St. Leger

text: The winners of the Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown are:

text:
1993 Vestia
2000 Simply Magic
2008 Alsafra

text: Panama[edit]

text: The winners of the Panamanian Triple Crown have been:

text:
1964 Pindín
1966 Tojo
1969 Iván
1972 Eugenio
1973 Montecarlo[22]
1976 El Manut
1978 El Gran Capo
1992 Leonardo[22]
1994 El Chacal
1995 Rey Arturo
1998 Evaristo[22]
2004 Spago[22]
2008 Oxsai[22]
2010 Voy porque Voy

text: Poland[edit]

text: In Poland, the Triple Crown (Potrójna korona) consists of

text:
Rulera, Polish 2000 Guineas, Warsaw, 1600 m
Służewiec Derby, Warsaw, 2400 m
St. Leger, Warsaw, 2800 m

text: Known Polish Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Liège (POL), in 1917
Mat (POL), in 1934
Jeremi (POL), in 1938
Ruch (POL), in 1948
Solali (POL), in 1961
Dipol (POL), in 1972
Czerkies (POL), in 1974
Krezus (POL), in 1989
Mokosz (POL), in 1992
Dżamajka (POL), in 2000 (a filly)
Dancer Life (POL), in 2002
Dżesmin (POL), in 2005
San Moritz (POL), in 2007
Intens (POL), in 2011
Va Bank (IRE), in 2015

text: The classic races for fillies are:

text:
Nagroda Wiosennej (1000 Guineas)
Nagroda Liry (Oaks)

text: No filly is known to have won the Polish Fillies' Triple Crown, which would conclude with the St. Leger. The Polish St. Leger is now open to 3-year-olds and up.

text: Puerto Rico[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series at Puerto Rico's Camarero Racetrack consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. They are:

text:
Derby Puertorriqueño at 1,700 meters (8½ furlongs) held in the first Sunday of May
Copa Gobernador at 1,800 meters (9 furlongs) held in the end of May
Copa San Juan at 1,900 meters (9½ furlongs) held in the last Sunday of June

text: The Puerto Rico Triple Crown winners are:

text:
1954 Camarero[23]
1961 Cardiologo, also won 23 consecutive races[24]
1966 El Rebelde
1981 Hurly Road
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2001 Estrellero, also won 19 consecutive races
2002 Mediavilla R
2011 Don Paco
2012 Arquitecto
2014 Lluvia de Nieve

text: Uruguay[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Uruguay are:

text:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos
Gran Premio Jockey Club
Gran Premio Nacional

text: This combination of races received some publicity outside of Uruguay in 2006. The 2005 Triple Crown winner Invasor, after being sold to Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum's Shadwell Racing and sent to be raced in the United States, went on to win three Grade I races in 2006 before winning that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. He finished the year as the top-ranked horse in the 2006 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, and won the 2007 Dubai World Cup before being retired to stud following a training injury.

text: Uruguayan Triple Crown winners are:

text:
1988 Amodeo
1994 Parsiphal
2005 Invasor[25]
2014 Sir Fever[26]

text: Ecuador[edit]

text: Ecuador has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:

text: Ecuador Triple Crown[27]

text:
Clásico Estreno Dr. Raúl Lebed Sigall, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Polla Nacional Sr. Agustin Febres Cordero, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Derby Nacional Sr.Benjamin Rosales A., at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón

text: Ecuador Fillies' Triple Crown

text:
Clásico Ing. Carlos San Andres, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondo
Clásico Sr. Eduardo Jairala F, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondó
Clásico Abogado Carlos Julio Arosemena Peet, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón

text: In Ecuador, the Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Clásico Nelson Uraga Suarez, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Enrique Guzman Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Inginiero Ignacio De Icaza Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil

text: Triple Crown Champions:

text:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner

Miss Florida

Bananita

Capo Di Monte II

1967
Alcatraz
Estuardo Torero
Alcides Guerrero
Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo

Pechiche

1971
Farsante
Estuardo Torero
Alcides Guerrero
Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo

text: Venezuela[edit]

text: Venezuela has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:

text:
Venezuelan Official Triple Crown

Clásico José Antonio Páez, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Cría Nacional (former Clásico Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico República de Venezuela (Venezuelan Derby), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas

Venezuelan Fillies' Triple Crown

Clásico Hipódromo La Rinconada, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Prensa Hípica Nacional, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico General Joaquín Crespo, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas

text: Venezuelan Official Triple Crown Champions (from 1956):

text:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner

1960
Gradisco
Manuel Camacaro
Leopoldo Márquez
Stud Rey-Gan

1972
El Corsario
José Luís Vargas
Eduardo Azpúrua
Stud El Corsario

1985
Iraquí
Juan Vicente Tovar (+)
Daniel Pérez
Stud Chivacoa

1992
Catire Bello
Douglas Valiente(+)
Iván Calixto
Stud Ilusión

2005
Polo Grounds
Emisael Jaramillo
Carlos Regalado
Stud Black Label

2007
Taconeo[28]
Emisael Jaramillo
Gustavo Delgado
Stud Paula C

2008
El Gran Cesar
Santiago González
Antonio Machado
Stud Agrop. Los Alelíes

2010
Water Jet
Emisael Jaramillo
Gustavo Delgado
Stud El Fantasma

text: Filly Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Lavandera, in 1971
Segula C., in 1974
Blondy, in 1978
Gelinotte, in 1980
Lady and Me, in 1991
Cantaura, in 1992
Miss Marena, in 1994
Starship Miss, in 1999
Front Stage, in 2000
Bambera, in 2009
Ninfa del Cielo, in 2014

text: Undefeated Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: The following horses won their Triple Crown when still undefeated. Those marked with an asterisk retired undefeated.

text:
Ormonde* (1886), United Kingdom
Bahram* (1935), United Kingdom
Windsor Slipper (1942), Ireland
Camarero (1954), Puerto Rico
Gradisco (1960), Venezuela
Seattle Slew (1977), United States
El Gran Capo (1978), Panama
Pikotazo (1980), Mexico
Royal Dad (1981), Jamaica
Symboli Rudolf (1984), Japan
Excelencia (2005), Dominican Republic
Deep Impact (2005), Japan
Invasor (2005), Uruguay
Water Jet (2010), Venezuela
Va Bank (2015), Poland

text: Individual Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: Only two jockeys have won the Triple Crown with different horses (i.e., rode horses to Triple Crowns in different years):

text:
Eddie Arcaro (United States: 1941, Whirlaway; 1948, Citation)
Emisael Jaramillo (Venezuela: 2005, Polo Grounds; 2007, Taconeo; 2010, Water Jet)

text: At least one other jockey is known to have won all three of a country's Triple Crown races in the same year on different horses:

text: Luis Contreras (Canada, 2011: Queen's Plate, Inglorious; Prince of Wales Stakes and Breeders' Stakes, Pender Harbour)

text: One trainer is known to have accomplished the same feat as Contreras:

text: D. Wayne Lukas (USA, 1995: Kentucky Derby, Thunder Gulch; Preakness Stakes, Timber Country; Belmont Stakes, Thunder Gulch)

text: Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]

text: Don Seymour (Canada)

text:
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia

text: Javier Santiago (Puerto Rico)

text:
2001 Estrellero
2002 Mediavilla R

text: Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]

text: Winston Grifiths - Jamaica (5)

text:
1981 Royal Dad
1988 Liu Chie Poo
1992 Milligram
2001 I'msatisfied
2002 Simply Magic (filly)

text: Alexis Feliciano - Puerto Rico (3)

text:
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2011 Don Paco

text: Emisael Jaramillo - Venezuela (3)

text:
2005 Polo Grounds
2007 Taconeo
2010 Water Jet


document_title: Song Beneath the Song

question_text: who sings chasing cars on grey's anatomy

question_tokens: who sings chasing cars on grey 's anatomy

root

text: Song Beneath the Song

text: Plot[edit]

text: En route to a weekend getaway, surgeons Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) and Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) are involved in a vehicular collision, moments after Robbins proposes marriage. Torres suffers severe injuries, which endanger both her life and the life of her unborn child. She and Robbins are taken to Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, the institute at which they both work. Their colleagues attempt to save Torres, while Robbins and Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), the father of Torres's baby, stand by. Torres's many injuries include neurological trauma. While barely conscious, she hallucinates an uninjured version of herself standing beside her. The hallucinatory Torres begins to sing, and is gradually joined by the doctors treating her. This singing continues throughout the episode, as Torres's projection of herself attempts to reach out to Robbins.

tag: p

text: Torres goes into cardiac arrest and is taken into an operating room she is temporarily stabilized, pending further surgery. She is moved into intensive care, while neonatal surgeon Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) is flown in by helicopter in case the baby has to be delivered prematurely. Robbins and Sloan argue over Torres's treatment; Robbins believes that Torres would not risk endangering the baby, but Sloan argues for saving Torres at all costs. The attending surgeons devise a treatment plan, led by trauma surgeon Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). As they do so, Torres dreams about the moments preceding the accident. Her dream self sings to Robbins, interspersed with shots of the hospital staff singing and dancing with their own partners. Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) suggests treating Torres with a high-risk but potentially effective cardiothoracic procedure she learned from her old mentor, Preston Burke (Isaiah Washington). Her current mentor, Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), refuses to perform it, but when Torres's condition deteriorates and she is rushed back into surgery, Hunt agrees that Yang should attempt the procedure.

text: When Torres again goes into cardiac arrest, Montgomery delivers her daughter at twenty-three weeks's gestation. The baby is initially unable to breathe, so with Sloan's support, Robbins steps in and is able to revive her. Across the operating room, Torres's condition begins to improve. Once the surgery is complete, the doctors deal with their own affairs; Sloan's former partner Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) commits to her new relationship with resident Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams); Lexie's sister (and series main character) Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo, primary series star) confesses that she was jealous of Torres's pregnancy, which prompts her husband Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) to promise that they will have a child together; Altman tells Yang that she can no longer teach her; Sloan and Robbins bond over their shared parenthood. Later, as Robbins keeps a vigil by Torres's bedside, the hallucinatory Torres is able to rouse her recovering self. As she regains consciousness, Torres accepts Robbins's proposal.

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: Since Grey's Anatomy began, series creator Shonda Rhimes had planned to produce a musical episode. She first vocalized the idea during filming of the pilot episode, when the program was as yet untitled.[1] Rhimes felt that seasons six and seven were the right time for the crew to "try anything and everything [they had] always wanted to do," and explained that she "finally [had] the right idea and the right talent to make [a musical episode] happen."[2] Filming began seven and a half years after Rhimes initially raised the idea.[1] The episode was shot in approximately two weeks.[3] Though cast member Dempsey jokingly referred to the episode as Glee M.D.,[4] Rhimes intended for it to differ from other musical television episodes.[2] She called it the opposite of "Once More, with Feeling," the "all-out, show-stopping," musical episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, as she aimed to "do something that was musical without being a musical."[2]

text: Rhimes said she had difficulty getting the network's permission. She added: "I begged the studio people. I begged the network people. I took these people to dinner and begged. I jumped out at these people in bathrooms and begged. And they all smiled politely but what they were clearly really thinking was, 'This woman is an idiot.'"[1] Rhimes also explains why it took so long to produce this episode:

text:
“
Explaining what the heck took us so long is too complicated to go into here. There are a lot of reasons – I was busy telling other awesome stories at Seattle Grace, [...] I was raising my tiny human, my musical talent involves oboe-playing and nothing else, the network thought it was the dumbest idea they’d ever heard of and refused to do it.[1]
”

tag: table

text: The script was written by Rhimes in November 2010. She centered the episode around Ramirez's character, Callie, and stated that the storyline would have developed regardless of whether it involved musical performances.[2] Sara Ramirez used the opportunity to launch her career as a singer-songwriter; an alternate version of "The Story" is included on her debut EP, released four days prior to the episode's premiere.[5] The episode served to improve the relationship between Mark and Arizona. Capshaw assessed that, "The traumatic circumstance leads to them having a greater understanding of each other and then appreciation, and then need for each other and desire to be in each other’s lives. They come to care, I think, for one another."[6]

text: Musical performances[edit]

text: Rhimes, executive producer Betsy Beers and director Tony Phelan selected songs that became famous through their use in Grey's Anatomy, and chose "the most iconic ones, the ones that best suited [their] singers, and the ones that made the most sense."[2][7] The multiple cover versions include the program's theme tune, "Cosy in the Rocket" by Psapp.[4] The primary vocalists are cast members Ramirez, McKidd, Leigh and Chandra Wilson.[8] The soundtrack also includes "How to Save a Life" by The Fray and "Running on Sunshine" by Jesus Jackson, performed as ensemble pieces by Ramirez, McKidd, Wilson, Leigh, Daniel Sunjata, Scott Foley, Ellen Pompeo, Justin Chambers, Raver, Dane, and Capshaw.[7][9] Ramirez, McKidd and Wilson also perform together on Snow Patrol's "Chasing Cars."[4] Ramirez is the lead vocalist on "The Story" by Brandi Carlile,[7] and "Grace" by Kate Havnevik, which also features the other female cast members, including Leigh and Sarah Drew on the chorus.[4][9] Capshaw duets with Ramirez on KT Tunstall's "Universe & U."[7] Wilson is the lead vocalist on "Wait" by Get Set Go, McKidd on "How We Operate" by Gomez, and Leigh on Anna Nalick's "Breathe (2 AM)."[7][9]

text:
When it first came up I was nervous, but at the same time I was just thinking, 'Hey, this is a really great opportunity for me to actually explore this side of me and be able to just let that go and have fun and know that I'm in a very safe and encouraging environment.' I was and I did and I had such a wonderful time.

Chyler Leigh's impressions on singing for the episode[10]

tag: div

text: Leigh told that some actors were not "adamant and excited" about singing but still had the possibility to participate in the episode.[11] "There were certain ways in which the scenes were written, even if there was a song in there, that perhaps a line was spoken instead of sung," she said.[11]

text: A vocal coach was enlisted to help the cast.[10] Music director Chris Horvath was recruited to arrange the selected songs for the cast. The arrangements took around two months, with vocals recorded over four days in February 2011.[7][12] Horvath praised the cast's response to the episode, noting that only four performers had "serious vocal talent," while some had "barely sung in the shower" before.[7] Those with professional singing experience include Ramirez, who won a Tony Award for her role in the musical Spamalot, and Wilson, who appeared in the Broadway production of Caroline, or Change.[7] Cast members's reactions toward the episode varied. Pompeo initially deemed the idea "crazy," but rescinded her stance following the first read-through.[4] Recurring cast member Sunjata stated that singing was "a bit out of [his] comfort zone," but found it an "interesting challenge,"[13] and McKidd deemed it "very exciting to do something that's completely out on a limb for the show."[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Pre-broadcast commentary[edit]

text: Critical response prior to broadcast was mixed. TVLine's Michael Ausiello assessed that the episode would "either be a show-stopping triumph or a spectacular failure," with no possible middle ground.[14] William Keck of TV Guide initially had "serious doubts," which were allayed by a visit to the set, during which he listened to the soundtrack. Keck likened it to the "much-beloved early seasons of Grey's, when music played a vital role on the show."[4] Entertainment Weekly's Dan Snierson predicted heavy use of Auto Tune,[15] though fellow EW writer Jennifer Armstrong was optimistic that the episode would be a success, commenting: "I have faith. I like musicals, I like Grey's. I'm rooting for this to work."[16]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: During its original broadcast, "Song Beneath the Song" was watched by an average of 13.09 million American viewers. It attained a 4.9/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, making it the second highest-rated program of the night, behind only American Idol on the Fox network. The rating was the second highest of the seventh season until that point, and a 30 percent increase from the previous episode, "This is How We Do It," which was watched by 2.4 million fewer viewers.[17]

text: In Canada, where the episode also aired on March 31, 2011, it was watched by 3.18 million viewers. Viewership again increased on "This is How We Do It," which attained 2.63 million viewers. However, while the preceding episode was the most-viewed scripted show for the week of its original broadcast, "Song Beneath the Song" ranked second, behind The Big Bang Theory.[18][19]

text: Post-broadcast commentary[edit]

text: Following the first minutes of the drama, reactions on Twitter were mixed.[20] Nicole Golden from TV Fanatic gave the episode 4.5 stars out of 5.0. She found that "overall, the concept worked since music really has always played a big part in the show. Some songs were more appropriate and/or better performed than others, though." She also wrote the concept worked in part because it was new but noted "the format would probably not have the same effect if used in future episodes."[21] Even though Boston Herald's critic Mark Perigard was not a fan of the concept, saying "the Grey's Anatomy event proved how tricky it is for an established show, especially a drama, to pull off a musical episode," he did like several actors's performances. He wrote: "Chandra Wilson and Chyler Leigh (whom I never have anything good to say about) delivered some impressive vocal work. Eric Dane did some of his best acting of his career last night as an anxious father-to-be terrified he would lose his best friend."[22] Lyneka Little of The Wall Street Journal wrote, "If Glee and ER had a baby it would be tonight’s episode of the medical drama Grey’s Anatomy titled “Song Beneath the Song.”"[20] In his review of the episode Alan Sepinwall of HitFix wrote "Like Grey's Anatomy as a whole, some parts were unintentionally silly, others were surprisingly powerful, and it was rarely dull, at least."[23]

text: Patrick Dempsey admitted that the musical episode might not have been showrunner Shonda Rhimes's best idea. He explained: "It's very difficult to keep it fresh when you're doing 24 episodes a year. Shonda Rhimes has a lot of ideas, and she is in a position where she can take more chances. Sometimes that works, sometimes it does not. Last year we had the singing episode, which I think was a big mistake. But you have to try."[24]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: In 2011, the episode was ranked number 19 on the TV Guide Network special, 25 Biggest TV Blunders 2.[25] It was included in TV Guide's list "The Worst of 2011" saying, "Sara Ramirez has powerhouse pipes, but what this episode desperately needed was a better playlist."[26] BuddyTV, however, ranked it number 43 on its list of 2011's 50 Best TV Episodes and it also appeared on Digital Spy's shortlist of "TV's Best Musical Episodes."[27][28] Supervising Music Editor Jennifer Barak and Music Editors Carli Barber and Jessica Harrison were nominated in the Best Sound Editing: Short Form Musical in Television category at the 2012 Golden Reel Awards for their work on the episode.[29]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event

Soundtrack album by Grey's Anatomy Cast

Released
March 31, 2011 (2011-03-31)

Recorded
February 2011

Length
35:48

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Chasing Cars" (Original by Snow Patrol)
Gary Lightbody
Sara Ramirez, Kevin McKidd, Chandra Wilson
4:11

2.
"Breathe" (Original by Anna Nalick)
Anna Nalick
Chyler Leigh
4:36

3.
"How We Operate" (Original by Gomez)
Ben Ottewell
Kevin McKidd
4:30

4.
"Wait" (Original by Get Set Go)

Chandra Wilson, Sarah Drew, Chyler Leigh
3:22

5.
"Runnin' on Sunshine" (Original by Jesus Jackson)
Norman Cook, Roland Clark
Sara Ramirez, Daniel Sunjata, Kevin McKidd, Scott Foley, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson, Jessica Capshaw, Kim Raver, Chyler Leigh, Ellen Pompeo, and Patrick Dempsey
4:05

6.
"Universe & U" (Original by KT Tunstall)
Tunstall, Pleasure
Sara Ramirez, Jessica Capshaw
4:05

7.
"Grace" (Original by Kate Havnevik)
Kate Havnevik
Sara Ramirez, Sarah Drew, Chyler Leigh
3:45

8.
"How to Save a Life" (Original by The Fray)
Isaac Slade, Joe King
Kevin McKidd, Kim Raver, Ellen Pompeo, Eric Dane, Chyler Leigh, Jessica Capshaw, Sara Ramirez, Chandra Wilson, Sarah Drew, Justin Chambers
3:46

9.
"The Story" (Original by Brandi Carlile)
Phil Hanseroth
Sara Ramirez
3:28

text: Chart history[edit]

text: Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event debuted at number 24 on the Billboard 200, with 19,000 copies sold.[31] It reached number 2 on the U.S. Soundtracks chart, and was the number 5 Independent Album.[32] "The Story" entered the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart at number 69,[33] and the Canadian Hot 100 at 72.[34]


document_title: Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system

question_text: what is the highest color belt in jiu jitsu

text: Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system

text: History[edit]

text: In 1907, Kanō Jigorō, the founder of judo, introduced the use of belts (obi) and gi (judogi) in the martial arts, replacing the practice of training in formal kimonos.[3] In 1914, Kanō's pupil Mitsuyo Maeda arrived in Brazil, a journey which led to the development of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. At the time Kanō used only white and black belts, with white representing the beginner, as a color of purity and simplicity, and black being the opposite, representing one who is filled with knowledge.[3]

text: Some believe that Mikonosuke Kawaishi was the first to introduce additional colors in 1935 when he began teaching Judo in Paris, ten years after Carlos Gracie opened his academy in Brazil. Kawaishi thought that a more structured system of colored belts would provide the student with visible rewards to show progress, increasing motivation and retention.[3] Since then, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, and many other martial arts have adopted the use of colored belts to denote students' progression in the arts.[4]

text: The first official belt ranking system was created in 1967 by the Jiu-Jitsu Federation of Guanabara.[citation needed] Much of the current criteria and modern belt ranks were implemented by the Sport Jiu Jitsu International Federation (SJJIF) and International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation.

text: Adult belt ranks[edit]

text: White belt[edit]

text: White belt is the first belt within Brazilian jiu-jitsu. The rank is held by any practitioner new to the art and has no prerequisite.[1] Some instructors and other high-level practitioners think that a white belt's training should emphasize escapes and defensive positioning since a white belt will often fight from inferior positions, especially when training with more experienced practitioners.[5]

text: Most academies will additionally require that a white belt level practitioner works to obtain a well-rounded skills set, with a knowledge of basic offensive moves, such as common submissions and guard passes.[6][7]

text: Blue belt[edit]

text: Blue belt is most often the second adult rank in the Brazilian jiu-jitsu.[1] At the blue belt level, students gain a wide breadth of technical knowledge and undertake hundreds of hours of mat time to learn how to implement these moves efficiently.[6] Blue belt is often the rank at which the student learns a large number of techniques.[9]

text: Not all Brazilian jiu-jitsu schools or regulatory bodies award the blue belt as the second adult belt.[10] Although many Brazilian jiu-jitsu organizations adhere to the IBJJF standard of awarding the yellow, orange, and green belt exclusively as part of a youth belt system (under 16 years of age), some supplement the time between white belt and blue belt with one or more belts of these colors.[11][12]

text: The IBJJF requires that a practitioner be at least 16 years old to receive a blue belt, thereby officially entering into the adult belt system.

text: Purple belt[edit]

text: Purple belt is the intermediate adult ranking in Brazilian jiu-jitsu.[1] The purple belt level practitioner has gained a large amount of knowledge, and purple belts are generally considered qualified to help instruct lower-ranked students.

text: The IBJJF requires students to be at least 16 years old and recommends they have spent a minimum of two years ranked as a blue belt to be eligible for a purple belt, with slightly different requirements for those graduating directly from the youth belts.[1]

text: Brown belt[edit]

text: Aside from the exceptional belts awarded at the highest levels, brown belt is the highest ranking color belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu.[1] Brown belt typically requires at least five years of dedicated training to achieve.[2] It is often thought of as a time for refining techniques.[13]

text: The IBJJF requires that students be at least 18 years old and recommends they have spent a minimum of 18 months as a purple belt to be eligible for a brown belt.[1]

text: Black belt[edit]

text: As with many other martial arts, the black belt is the highest common belt within Brazilian jiu-jitsu, denoting an expert level of technical and practical skills.[1] Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belts are often addressed within the art as professor, although some schools and organizations reserve this honorific for more senior black belts holders.[15][16][17]

text: The IBJJF requires that a student be at least 19 years old and recommends they have spent a minimum of 1 year ranked as a brown belt to be eligible for a black belt. The black belt itself has six different degrees of expertise.[1]

text: Red / Black belt (Coral belt)[edit]

text: When a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt reaches the seventh degree, he or she is awarded an alternating red-and-black belt similar to the one earned at the sixth degree in Judo.[1][3] This belt is commonly known as a coral belt.[18][19] Coral belts are very experienced practitioners, most of whom have made a large impact on Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and are often addressed within the art by the title master.[15][16][17]

text: Red / White belt (Coral belt)[edit]

text: The International Brazilian jiu-jitsu Federation in 2013, amended the graduation guidelines with respect to the transition between seventh degree and eighth degree black belt. In short, a practitioner who has achieved the rank of 8th degree black belt will wear a red and white belt,[20] which is also commonly called a coral belt.[21]

text: Red belt[edit]

text: According to Renzo and Royler Gracie, in Brazilian jiu-jitsu the red belt is reserved "for those whose influence and fame takes them to the pinnacle of the art".[2] It is awarded in lieu of a ninth and tenth degree black belt. If a practitioner receives his or her black belt at 19 years old, the earliest they could expect to receive a ninth degree red belt would be at the age of 67.[1] Brazilian jiu-jitsu red belt holders are often addressed within the art by the title grandmaster.  The 10th degree was given only to the pioneers of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, the Gracie brothers: Carlos, Oswaldo, George, Gaston and Helio.[15][16][17][22]

text: Promotion criteria[edit]

text: Few published guidelines or standards determine when a practitioner is ready for promotion; the criterion is generally determined by individual instructors and/or academies.[23][24] The IBJJF maintains an extensive graduation system that takes into account time-in-grade and membership standing, but makes no mention of specific performance or skill requirements.[1] When instructors or academies comment on the criteria for promotion, the most widely accepted measures are the amount of technical and conceptual knowledge a practitioner can demonstrate, and;[25] performance in grappling (randori) within the academy and/or competition.[26]

text: Technical and conceptual knowledge are judged by the number of techniques a student can perform, and the level of skill with which they are performed in live grappling, allowing  smaller and older practitioners to be recognized for their knowledge, although they may not be the strongest fighters in the school. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a distinctly individual sport, and practitioners are encouraged to adapt the techniques to their body type, strategic preferences, and level of athleticism. The ultimate criterion for promotion is the ability to execute the techniques successfully, rather than strict stylistic compliance.[2]

text: Formal testing[edit]

text: Brazilian jiu-jitsu has had an informal approach to belt promotions, in which one or more instructors subjectively agree that a given student is ready for the next rank.[2][24] In recent years[when?] some academies have moved toward a more systematic, formal testing approach, especially true for lower ranked students, where the decision to promote is arguably the least contentious.[27] One of the first instructors to publicly publish formal testing criteria was Roy Harris, who has formalized his promotion tests from white belt to black belt.[28] Formal testing is now becoming commonplace in many Gracie Academies and organizations such as Alliance.[7]

text: Some Gracie systems have introduced formal online testing where the student can upload his or her qualification videos to qualify for promotion.[29] Formal tests are generally based around the same elements as a normal promotion, such as the student's technical and conceptual knowledge and the ability to apply those techniques against a resisting opponent. Some tests take other aspects, such as a student's personal character or a basic knowledge of the history of the art, into account.[23] Formal testing may require the payment of testing fees and a require a minimum of pre-testing private lessons with the instructor.[6]

text: Competitions[edit]

text: Students are generally encouraged to compete, as this can help them gain experience. Competition allows instructors to gauge students' abilities while grappling with a fully resisting opponent, and it is common for a promotion to follow a good competition performance. In most academies, competing is not essential for promotion, but in a minority of schools, competing is not only endorsed but is required.[25]

text: Stripes / degrees[edit]

text: In addition to the belt system, many academies award stripes as a form of intra-belt recognition of progress and skill.[30] The cumulative number of stripes earned serves as an indication of the student's skill level relative to others within the same belt rank.[31] Stripes may consist of small pieces of cloth sewn onto the sleeve of the belt, or simple pieces of tape applied to it. Although the exact application, such as the number of stripes allowed for each belt, varies between institutions, the IBJJF sets out a general system under which four stripes can be added before the student may be considered for promotion to the next bjj belt.[1] Stripes are only used for ranks prior to black belt. After black belt is achieved, the markings are known as degrees and are awarded formally. Time-in-grade and skill level are both important factors. Stripes are not used in every academy and, where they are used, they may not be applied consistently.[1]

text: Extra-promotional[edit]

text: A tradition practiced in some Brazilian jiu-jitsu schools immediately after a promotion, is known as "running the gauntlet" ("passar no corredor" in Portuguese).[32] This generally follows one of two basic patterns. The newly promoted student is hit on their back with belts—once by each of their fellow practitioners—as he or she walks or runs past ("faixada" in Portuguese), or he or she may be thrown by each instructor and sometimes also by each student in the academy of equal or higher grade.[33] Advocates for the custom argue that "running the gauntlet" serves as a method of team building and reinforces camaraderie between classmates.[32]

text: Other initiation customs may involve being hip-tossed by the instructor in a controlled manner.[citation needed]


document_title: Cheesesteak

question_text: what kind of cheese is on a philly cheesesteak sandwich

text: Cheesesteak

text: History[edit]

text: The cheesesteak was developed in the early 20th century "by combining frizzled beef, onions, and cheese in a small loaf of bread", according to a 1987 exhibition catalog published by the Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.[4]

text: Philadelphians Pat and Harry Olivieri are often credited with inventing the sandwich by serving chopped steak on an Italian roll in the early 1930s.[5][6][7] The exact story behind its creation is debated, but in some accounts, Pat and Harry Olivieri originally owned a hot dog stand, and on one occasion, decided to make a new sandwich using chopped beef and grilled onions. While Pat was eating the sandwich, a cab driver stopped by and was interested in it, so he requested one for himself. After eating it, the cab driver suggested that Olivieri quit making hot dogs and instead focus on the new sandwich.[6][8] They began selling this variation of steak sandwiches at their hot dog stand near South Philadelphia's Italian Market. They became so popular that Pat opened up his own restaurant which still operates today as Pat's King of Steaks.[9] The sandwich was originally prepared without cheese; Olivieri said provolone cheese was first added by Joe "Cocky Joe" Lorenza, a manager at the Ridge Avenue location.[10]

text: Cheesesteaks have become popular at restaurants and food carts throughout the city with many locations being independently owned, family-run businesses.[11][12] Variations of cheesesteaks are now common in several fast food chains.[13] Versions of the sandwich can also be found at high-end restaurants.[14] Many establishments outside of Philadelphia refer to the sandwich as a "Philly cheesesteak."[8]

text: Description[edit]

text: Meat[edit]

text: The meat traditionally used is thinly sliced rib-eye or top round, although other cuts of beef are also used.[15] On a lightly oiled griddle at medium temperature, the steak slices are quickly browned and then scrambled into smaller pieces with a flat spatula. Slices of cheese are then placed over the meat, letting it melt, and then the roll is placed on top of the cheese. The mixture is then scooped up with a spatula and pressed into the roll, which is then cut in half.[16]

text: Common additions include sautéed onions, bell peppers, mushrooms, mayonnaise, hot sauce, salt, pepper.

text: Bread[edit]

text: In Philadelphia, most cheesesteak places use Amoroso rolls; these rolls are long, soft, and slightly salted.[17] One source writes that "a proper cheesesteak consists of provolone or Cheez Whiz slathered on an Amoroso roll and stuffed with thinly shaved grilled meat,"[18] while a reader's letter to an Indianapolis magazine, lamenting the unavailability of good cheesesteaks, wrote that "the mention of the Amoroso roll brought tears to my eyes."[19] After commenting on the debates over types of cheese and "chopped steak or sliced," Risk and Insurance magazine declared "The only thing nearly everybody can agree on is that it all has to be piled onto a fresh, locally baked Amoroso roll."[20]

text: Cheese[edit]

text: American cheese, Cheez Whiz, and provolone are the most commonly used cheeses or cheese products put on to the Philly cheesesteak.[21]

text: White American cheese, along with provolone cheese, are the favorites due to their mild flavor and medium consistency. Some establishments melt the American cheese to achieve the creamy consistency, while others place slices over the meat, letting them melt slightly under the heat. Philadelphia Inquirer restaurant critic Craig LaBan says "Provolone is for aficionados, extra-sharp for the most discriminating among them." Geno's owner, Joey Vento, said, "We always recommend the provolone. That's the real cheese."[21]

text: Cheez Whiz, first marketed in 1952, was not yet available for the original 1930 version, but has spread in popularity.[22] A 1986 New York Times article called Cheez Whiz "the sine qua non of cheesesteak connoisseurs."[23] In a 1985 interview, Pat Olivieri's nephew Frank Olivieri said that he uses "the processed cheese spread familiar to millions of parents who prize speed and ease in fixing the children's lunch for the same reason, because it is fast."[24] Cheez Whiz is "overwhelmingly the favorite" at Pat's, outselling runner-up American by a ratio of eight or ten to one, while Geno's claims to go through eight to ten cases of Cheez Whiz a day.[21]

text: In 2003, while running for President of the United States, John Kerry made what was considered a major faux pas when campaigning in Philadelphia and went to Pat's King of Steaks and ordered a cheesesteak with Swiss.[25]

text: Variations[edit]

text:
A chicken cheesesteak is made with chicken instead of beef, sometimes referred to as a chicken Philly[26]
A pizza steak is a cheesesteak topped with marinara sauce and mozzarella cheese and may be toasted in a broiler[27]
A cheesesteak hoagie contains lettuce and tomato in addition to the ingredients found in the traditional steak sandwich, and may contain other elements often served in a hoagie.[28]
A vegan cheesesteak is a sandwich that replaces steak and cheese with vegan ingredients, such as seitan or mushrooms for the steak, and soy-based cheese.[29][30][31][32]

tag: ul