document_title: Peaky Blinders (TV series)

question_text: how is polly related to tommy shelby in peaky blinders

text: Peaky Blinders (TV series)

text: Overview[edit]

text: Peaky Blinders is a gangster family epic set in Birmingham, England in 1919, several months after the end of the First World War in November 1918. The story centres on the Peaky Blinders gang and their ambitious and highly cunning boss Tommy Shelby (played by Cillian Murphy). The gang comes to the attention of Chief Inspector Major Chester Campbell (played by Sam Neill), a detective in the Royal Irish Constabulary sent over by Winston Churchill from Belfast, where he had been sent to "clean up" the city of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), communists, gangs and common criminals.[7][8] Winston Churchill (played by Andy Nyman in series 1 and Richard McCabe in series 2) charged him with suppressing disorder and uprising in Birmingham and recovering a stolen cache of arms meant to be shipped to Libya.[9][10][11] The series concludes on December 3, 1919 - "Black Star Day", the event where the Peaky Blinders plan to take over Billy Kimber's betting pitches at the Worcester Races.

text: The second series sees the Shelby family expand their criminal organisation in the "South and North [of London] while maintaining a stronghold in their Birmingham heartland."[12] It begins in 1921 and ends with a climax at Epsom racecourse on May 31, 1922 - Derby Day .[13]

text: Series three starts and ends in 1924 as it follows Tommy and his family enter an even more dangerous world as they once again expand, this time, internationally. Internet-based film and TV news company Screen Rant said:

text:
“
The season revolves around the notion of social classes and empires, and how they rise and fall with a startling sort of predictability. As the show suggests, over time, empires become too big, too corrupt, and too complicated to sustain themselves and eventually, they collapse. …[T]he season expresses its fears of expansion by teaching Tommy a powerful lesson about the other sharks skulking around in criminal waters – especially when those criminals are the ones involved in governmental plots with massive geopolitical implications. Essentially, Peaky Blinders embarked on a fish out of water story by moving outside its own comfort zone and taking the risk of expanding too much and too quickly. There are times when that risk appears to have paid off[.][14]
”

tag: table

text: Series three also features: Paddy Considine as Father John Hughes; Alexander Siddig as Ruben Oliver, a painter whom Polly enlists to paint her portrait; Gaite Jansen as Russian Grand Duchess Tatiana Petrovna; and Kate Phillips as Linda Shelby, wife of Arthur.

text: Series four begins on Christmas Eve, 1925 and ends following the general strike of May 1926.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Cillian Murphy as Thomas ‘Tommy’ Shelby OBE DCM MM MP: The overall leader of the Peaky Blinders, and brother of Arthur, John, Ada, and Finn Shelby. Tommy served in World War I with the rank of Sergeant Major and was decorated for bravery. His experiences in World War I left him disillusioned and beset with ongoing nightmares.
Helen McCrory as Polly (Elizabeth) Gray, née Shelby: The aunt of Tommy and his siblings, and treasurer of the Peaky Blinders. She led the organisation when Tommy, Arthur, and John were fighting in World War I. Polly's two children, Anna and Michael, were taken away from her as infants. In series 2, Polly reunites with her son but learns her daughter had died.
Paul Anderson as Arthur Shelby, Jr.: The oldest Shelby sibling and the bulldog of the family. Arthur owns The Garrison. He also suffers from severe shell-shock or PTSD from his experiences in the war, and suffers from violent outbursts, constant mood swings, and attempts at suicide. Arthur is one of the leaders of the Peaky Blinders.
Sam Neill as Chester Campbell (series 1–2): An Ulster Protestant Irish Major drafted from Belfast to locate and recover a missing consignment of Lewis guns accidentally stolen by the Peaky Blinders. Campbell was illustrious for his work in ridding Belfast of its gang elements. Campbell also had developed a vendetta against the Peaky Blinders, in particular, Tommy Shelby, and vowed to destroy Tommy and the Peaky Blinders.
Annabelle Wallis as Grace Shelby née Burgess (series 1–3): A former undercover agent and Ulster Protestant Irish woman working with Chester Campbell. She was undercover as a barmaid at The Garrison.
Joe Cole as John Shelby (series 1–4): The third-youngest Shelby. He is a World War I veteran and is one of the Peaky Blinders' leaders.
Sophie Rundle as Ada Thorne, née Shelby: The Shelby brothers' only sister. Ada is the only sibling not involved with the Peaky Blinders. She had a son with Freddie Thorne, whom she named Karl (named after Karl Marx).

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text: Supporting[edit]

text:
Tom Hardy as Alfie Solomons (series 2–4): The leader of a Jewish gang, in Camden Town. He is violent and unpredictable, but intelligent. Solomons runs a distillery disguised as a bakery.
Adrien Brody as Luca Changretta (series 4): A New York mafioso with a vendetta against the Shelby Family.
Aidan Gillen as Aberama Gold (series 4): A new and dangerous ally of the Shelby Family and lover to Polly Gray.
Charlotte Riley as May Carleton (series 2, 4): A wealthy widow who owns racehorses.
Paddy Considine as Father John Hughes (series 3): A priest working with Section D (The Economic League) in the British government.
Noah Taylor as Derby Sabini (series 2): The leader of an Italian gang in Camden Town.
Charlie Creed-Miles as Billy Kimber (series 1); a local kingpin who runs the local races.
Finn Cole as Michael Gray (series 2–present): Polly Gray's biological son.
Aimee-Ffion Edwards as Esme Shelby, née Lee (series 1–4): John Shelby's wife. Esme married John as part of a deal between the Peaky Blinders and the Lees (a Gypsy family) to form a partnership.
Kate Phillips as Linda Shelby (series 3–present): Wife of Arthur Shelby.
Charlie Murphy as Jessie Eden (series 4): An enigmatic union convenor and lover to Tommy Shelby.
Natasha O'Keeffe as Lizzie Stark : A former prostitute who works for Tommy as his secretary.
Gaite Jansen as Princess Tatiana Petrovna (series 3); Russian princess.
Iddo Goldberg as Freddie Thorne (series 1): a known communist who fought in the Great War as a sergeant alongside Tommy. Ada Shelby's husband.
Alexander Siddig as Ruben Oliver (series 3); a portrait artist in romantic relationship with Polly Gray
Jack Rowan as Bonnie Gold (series 4); Aberama Gold's boxing champion son

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Harry Kirton as Finn Shelby (series 2–present); the fourth Shelby sibling.
Ned Dennehy as Charlie Strong: Owner of a boatyard and an uncle figure to Tommy.
Packy Lee as Johnny Dogs: A Gypsy friend of Tommy Shelby.
Ian Peck as Curly: Assistant to Charlie Strong.
Benjamin Zephaniah as Jeremiah Jesus: A preacher and friend of the Peaky Blinders.
Jordan Bolger as Isaiah Jesus (series 2–present): Jeremiah's son and a member of the Peaky Blinders
Tommy Flanagan as Arthur Shelby, Sr. (series 1): the father of Tommy and his siblings and Polly's brother.
Alfie Evans-Meese as Finn Shelby (series 1): the fifth and youngest Shelby sibling.
Samuel Edward-Cook as Danny "Whizz-Bang" Owen (series 1): a former comrade of Tommy who fought in the Great War.
Andy Nyman as Winston Churchill (series 1)
David Dawson as Roberts (series 1): Billy Kimber's lawyer.
Tony Pitts as Sergeant/Inspector Moss;:a policeman on the Peaky Blinders' pay roll.
Kevin Metcalfe as Scudboat (series 1)
Neil Bell as Harry Fenton (series 1)
Lobo Chan as Mr Zhang (series 1): a Chinese businessman
Tom Vaughan-Lawlor as Malacki Byrne (series 1)
Keith Dunphy as Maguire (series 1)
Kunjue Li as Chinn (series 1)
Richard McCabe as Winston Churchill (series 2)
Adam El Hagar as Ollie (series 2): Alfie Solomons 's right hand
Sam Hazeldine as George Sewell (series 2): Derby Sabini's right hand
Paul Bullion as Billy Kitchen (series 2)
Rory Keenan as Donal Henry (series 2)
Simone Kirby as Irene O’Donnell (series 2)
Wanda Opalinska as Rosemary Johnson (series 2, 4): Michael Gray's foster mother
Erin Shanagher as Mrs. Ross (series 2, 4)
Daniel Fearn as King Maine (series 2, 4)
James Richard Marshall as Henry Russell (series 2)
James Eeles as Digbeth Kid (series 2)
Josh O'Connor as James (series 2)
Dorian Lough as Mario (series 2)
Adam Lawrence as young lover (series 2)
Jan Bijvoet as Grand Duke Leon Petrovna (series 3): Grand Duchess Izabella's husband
Dina Korzun as Grand Duchess Izabella (series 3): Princess Tatiana Petrovna's aunt
Stephanie Hyam as Charlotte Murray(series 3): Michael Gray's girlfriend
Kenneth Colley as Vicente Changretta (series 3): Luca Changretta's father
Bríd Brennan as Audrey Changretta (series 3–4): Luca Changretta's mother
Frances Tomelty as Bethany Boswell (series 3): a wise old Gypsy
Richard Brake as Anton Kaledin (series 3)
Alex Macqueen as Patrick Jarvis MP (series 3)
Wendy Nottingham as Mary (series 3): a housekeeper
Luca Matteo Zizzari as Matteo (series 4): one of Luca Changretta's henchmen
Jake J. Meniani as Frederico (series 4): one of Luca Changretta's henchmen
Dino Kelly as Goliath (series 4): a giant boxer and Alfie Solomons's nephew.
Kingsley Ben-Adir as Colonel Ben Younger (series 4)
Graeme Hawley as Niall Devlin (series 4): factory boss.
Pauline Turner as Frances (series 4); a housekeeper
Donald Sumpter as Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham; (series 4): King’s Private Secretary
Jolyon Coy as Edward Roberts (series 4)
Jamie Kenna as Billy Mills (series 4)
Joseph Long as Chef (series 4)
Andreas Muñoz as Antonio (series 4)
Jenson Clarke as Charles Shelby (series 4): son of Tommy Shelby and Grace Burgess
Ethan Picard-Edwards as Billy Shelby (series 4): son of Arthur Shelby, Jr. and Linda Shelby

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Average UK viewers
(millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
6
12 September 2013 (2013-09-12)
17 October 2013 (2013-10-17)
2.38

2
6
2 October 2014 (2014-10-02)
6 November 2014 (2014-11-06)
2.18

3
6
5 May 2016 (2016-05-05)
9 June 2016 (2016-06-09)
2.38

4
6
15 November 2017 (2017-11-15)
20 December 2017 (2017-12-20)
4.05

text: Series 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Episode
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [15]

1
1
Episode 1
Otto Bathurst
Steven Knight
12 September 2013 (2013-09-12)
3.05

Following the Great War in 1919, the Peaky Blinders, led by Thomas "Tommy" Shelby, appropriates a consignment of guns from the local arms factory. Winston Churchill sends Inspector Campbell to Birmingham to retrieve the guns. Campbell reviews Tommy's record, which notes that he was a decorated former sergeant major. Aunt Polly urges Tommy to return the guns, but he feels that he can use them to his advantage. His brother Arthur does not agree with Tommy about fixing horse races, believing it will cause trouble with Billy Kimber, who runs the races. Inspector Campbell and his men capture Arthur and beat him while inquiring about the gun robbery. Campbell propositions Arthur and the gang to work with him to find the guns. Tommy's sister Ada is involved with Freddie Thorne, a communist. Barmaid Grace starts working at the bar. Unbeknownst to the Peaky Blinders, she has been placed in Birmingham by Inspector Campbell to help find the guns. Danny has another PTSD episode and kills an Italian business owner. To avoid a war with the Italians, Tommy agrees to kill Danny, with the Italians watching from across the canal. However, Danny's death is faked and he goes to London on a special assignment.

2
2
Episode 2
Otto Bathurst
Steven Knight
19 September 2013 (2013-09-19)
2.45

Tommy, Arthur and John meet up with the Lees to look at a horse for the next race. The Lees insult the Peaky Blinders, a fight breaks out and later Tommy receives a bullet with his name on it. Campbell's special force launches a surprise crackdown, targeting socialists and looking for the guns. Freddie and Ada manage to escape, but Freddie has to leave town. Campbell confronts Polly and attacks all the Shelby establishments. In retaliation, Tommy arranges for a reporter to write about a protest burning of the King's picture, which prompts Churchill to pressure Campbell. Tommy meets with Campbell, and gives him an ultimatum: if the Peaky Blinders are left alone, he will return the guns; if the Inspector interferes with his plans, Tommy will send the guns to the IRA and ruin Campbell's work in Belfast. Campbell agrees but later instructs Grace to get close to Tommy and find the location of the guns. Polly realizes Ada is pregnant and tells Tommy, who threatens to kill Freddie. However, he later tells Freddie to take Ada away; Freddie instead proposes to Ada and decides to stay in town. Billy Kimber and his men confront the Shelbies, but Tommy convinces them to join forces in fighting the Lees, their common enemy.

3
3
Episode 3
Otto Bathurst
Steven Knight
26 September 2013 (2013-09-26)
2.20

Ada and Freddie marry, and Aunt Polly gives them money to leave the country. Despite Thomas' best efforts to keep the guns a secret, it seems that people keep finding out about them, including two IRA members. Grace overhears them trying to blackmail Thomas and follows one of them, but he attacks her. Grace manages to fight her attacker off by shooting him in self defense. Thomas warns Kimber that Lee's people will once again rob Kimber's bookies at the races. Thomas brings Grace as his date to Cheltenham races in an attempt to distract Kimber as well as convince him that he should hire the Blinders as his security. Kimber agrees if he can have some time alone with Grace, Thomas agrees. At the last minute, Thomas has a change of heart and claims that Grace is actually a prostitute with 'the clap' (gonorrhea). Freddie decides Thomas is not going to scare him off and returns.

4
4
Episode 4
Tom Harper
Steven Knight, Stephen Russell
3 October 2013 (2013-10-03)
2.31

Thomas has made the business legitimate by obtaining a betting licence. Although he doesn't quite trust her, and is suspicious of her, Thomas hires Grace as his secretary. John calls the family together to tell them he has decided his four children need a mother, and he has decided he wants to marry Lizzie, a local prostitute. Thomas disapproves because he doesn't think Lizzie has given up her former profession. The Lees rob the Shelbys' gambling den as revenge for the peaky blinders having protected Billy Kimber's bookies at the races. Thomas decides to call a truce with the Lee family so that he can have an ally against Billy Kimber and marries John to Lees' daughter Esme to consummate the agreement. Ada comes to the wedding, but goes into labour soon after. Freddy tries to come to see the new baby, but gets arrested when he shows up.

5
5
Episode 5
Tom Harper
Steven Knight, Toby Finlay
10 October 2013 (2013-10-10)
2.03

Believing Thomas betrayed Freddy, Ada does not want to see or speak to her family. Although Arthur Sr. (Tommy Flanagan) deserted the family a decade ago, he comes back into town. Thomas wants nothing to do with him, but Arthur Jr. believes he has changed and wants to do anything to help him, including financing the opening of hotels in America. However, Arthur Sr. takes off with the money Arthur Jr. gave him. When Arthur Jr. finally tracks his father down, Arthur Sr. admits he never had any plans and felt that the Shelby family owed him. An IRA member starts inquiring about the man Grace killed. Grace and Thomas kill the other IRA members. Now in love with Thomas, Grace tells Inspector Campbell, if she gives him the location of the guns, he has to leave Thomas and his family alone. She suspects the guns are buried in a false grave after discovering that Danny Whizz-Bang is not really dead, but in London on business for the Shelby family. Grace gives up the location to Inspector Campbell, and resigns service to the crown. As she has resigned, and the guns found, with the exception of one, Inspector Campbell proposes marriage, which Grace rejects.

6
6
Episode 6
Tom Harper
Steven Knight
17 October 2013 (2013-10-17)
2.24

The Peaky Blinders, led by Danny Whizz-Bang spring Freddy from jail. Winston Churchill believes Grace should receive some commendation for her part in finding the missing guns. Inspector Campbell finds out Grace has been with Tommy. Polly meets with Grace, and tells her she knows her secret. Polly says that while Tommy may forgive Grace, Polly never will. Tommy gathers the Peaky Blinders and the Lees to take on Kimber's men at the tracks, but Kimber catches the Shelbies off guard and outnumbered by confronting them at home. Freddy brings out the missing gun, but Ada jumps in the middle of the shoot out trying to bring peace. Kimber fires off at the Peaky Blinders, injuring Tommy and killing Danny Whizz-Bang. Tommy in turn shoots Kimber dead. Tommy meets Grace and she tells him she loves him and will go to London for a few days; she has an idea how they can be together. Tommy flips a coin to decide if he will go with Grace. As this happens, Campbell confronts Grace at the railway station and points his pistol at her. As the scene fades, there is a gunshot.

text: Series 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Episode
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [15]

7
1
Episode 1
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
2 October 2014 (2014-10-02)
2.31

Grace shoots Campbell, leaving him lying in his own blood. Two years later, the Garrison is blown up while the family is attending Freddy Thorne's funeral. Tommy tries to get Ada to come back home as he is planning an expansion to London. Tommy goes to the Black Lion to confront those who he thinks blew up the Garrison. Instead he's taken to meet with the IRA and asked to murder someone - which he does. Tommy is informed that Campbell, now a major, is returning to Birmingham. The Shelby family has a meeting regarding the expansion of the bookie business but Polly and John's wife Esme have reservations. Nonetheless, Tommy, Arthur and John decide to get familiar with the London scene, and cause a rumpus at Darby Sabini's club. Polly visits a medium for information on her children that were taken from her. Esme finds out, but Polly swears her to secrecy. Tommy hires Lizzie as his secretary. In retaliation for tearing-up Sabini's club, Sabini has his thugs kidnap and attempt to rape Ada, as well as beat Tommy to within an inch of his life. Major Campbell then intervenes before Sabini and his men can finish him off. Campbell has agreed with Winston Churchill, that Tommy will be useful to them.

8
2
Episode 2
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
9 October 2014 (2014-10-09)
2.18

Major Campbell visits Tommy in the hospital and threatens him with the knowledge that he knows about the murder Tommy committed for the IRA, and has clearly had Tommy under surveillance for some time. Tommy discharges himself from hospital early, and takes a barge down to London. Tommy meets with vicious gang-leader Alfie Solomons in Camden Town. Tommy has a hard time convincing Alfie that he should align with the Peaky Blinders against Sabini. Tommy tracks down Ada, and buys her a house as a means of laundering money. He also buys Polly a house. Esme has told Tommy about Polly trying to track down her children. Tommy tells Polly her daughter is dead, but he has managed to track down her son. Unfortunately, due to the law, Polly is unable to track down her son until he is 18 years of age. Arthur's flashbacks from the war are getting worse, and during one, he kills a boy during sparring. He starts using cocaine to self-medicate. Following the reopening of the Garrison, Polly's son, Michael shows up on her doorstep.

9
3
Episode 3
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
16 October 2014 (2014-10-16)
2.20

The Shelby brothers hire the Digbeth Kid, a neighborhood boy who loves cowboy movies, to get stood up for gambling to help the local cops meet their arrest quota. While in jail, Sabini's thugs murder the Digbeth Kid to get back at the Peaky Blinders for their intrusion on his turf. Polly and Michael try to get to know each other. Tommy and John meet with Billy, of the Black Country Boys, who fought with them in the war. Tommy tells Billy to round up his men for them to go to work in Camden Town for Alfie Solomons. Michael requests that Tommy gives him a job. Arthur is threatened by the mother of the boy he killed. Tommy tells Major Campbell that the officers played a joke on him and have boarded him in a house that is owned by a not-so-former Madam. The Shelby boys and Michael go to an auction to purchase a horse, and meet horse trainer May Carleton.

10
4
Episode 4
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
23 October 2014 (2014-10-23)
2.06

Tommy meets with his Irish handlers, only to find out they are backed by Major Campbell and the Crown. They order another hit, but Tommy turns them down. Arthur and boys attack one of Sabini's clubs. Tommy hires May Carleton to train his horse. Tommy wants to export whisky to America and Canada - currently under prohibition. Arthur's cocaine habit is starting to get out of control. Tommy tells him to straighten up or he's going to replace him with John. Tommy goes to visit Ada and finds out she has a lodger named James (Josh O'Connor). James is an artist, but Ada explains to Tommy, James is not interested in women. Tommy tells Ada he has set up a trust fund for John's children and her son, Karl. Alfie Solomons and Darby Sabini meet and patch up their differences. Michael and his new friend Isaiah, Jeremiah Jesus' son, try to drink in a bar, but get into a fight because they don't want a black man drinking there. Michael and Isaiah return to the Garrison, but when John and Arthur find out that the Shelby name was disrespected, they burn the bar. Tommy calls Grace in London but immediately hangs up without saying anything when a man answers.

11
5
Episode 5
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
30 October 2014 (2014-10-30)
2.10

A bloody sacrificial goat of an episode, as Jewish gangster Alfie Solomons hosts a Passover seder and invites jovially unaware Arthur and some of his men; who are soon equally slaughtered and has Arthur sent to prison. Major Campbell further unfurls his vast tentacles of power, and has Michael arrested too for good measure. Meanwhile Sabini and the now gruesomely scarred Mario take back control of the Eden Club. Tommy finds his fledgling empire crumbling before him, as his power-base in London is obliterated. Tommy struggles to save his family and regain the upper hand, as the tentative Black Country/Brum alliance is in tatters after the untimely death of Billy Kitchen. Tommy further complicates his love life, by escorting the returning Grace to a passionate date, though still stringing May along, who had earlier expressed her feelings for him. Having slept with Tommy, Grace admits being in London with her husband to procure fertility treatment. Campbell extracts a devastating sacrifice from Polly in exchange for her son's freedom. One which Michael is unlikely to understand or appreciate once discovered. Tommy attempts to end his romantic relationship with May, though he still wants her to continue training his horse.

12
6
Episode 6
Colm McCarthy
Steven Knight
6 November 2014 (2014-11-06)
2.24

Tommy decides to settle all his affairs in case he meets an untimely death. He also meets with Alfie Solomons regarding business contracts. Alfie gets Arthur out of prison. Derby Day has arrived. Polly tries to pay off Michael to get him to leave. Tommy collects the Peaky Blinders and gives them their mission at the races. Without firing a shot, they are to collect and burn the licences of Derby Sabini's bookies and steal the bets. Tommy runs into Grace who informs him she's pregnant. Tommy tells her after the race, they will talk. Tommy completes his mission for Major Campbell, but at Lizzie's expense. Major Campbell's men from Northern Ireland, members of the Ulster Volunteers, kidnap Tommy and take him to an empty field while Aunt Polly meets with Major Campbell and shoots him. Michael decides he wants in on the family business.

text: Series 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Episode
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [15]

13
1
Episode 1
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
5 May 2016 (2016-05-05)
2.95

The series picks up two years later, in 1924, with Thomas Shelby's wedding to Grace Burgess. The Shelby family and their kin have been invited, as well as Grace's family. Composed of cavalrymen, Irish members of the British Army, Grace's family dismays the Shelby family, due to the cavalry's late arrival on the battlefield during the war. The Peaky Blinders have a meeting in the kitchen, where Thomas, in a state of stress, orders the men to be on their best behaviour. Meanwhile, a refugee from Russia, named Anton Kaledin, makes contact with the Peaky Blinders, offering the code "Constantine" as confirmation for the money-exchange meeting with the young Duchess Tatiana Petrovna (Gaite Jansen). Thomas informs her that Kaledin provided the wrong code name, meaning the man must be killed. Arthur confides in Thomas, not wanting to do the job they must carry out, but Thomas tells him they have no choice, or else Tommy will hang. In the end, Arthur kills the impostor.

14
2
Episode 2
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
12 May 2016 (2016-05-12)
2.43

Thomas goes to the Lanchester Factory to inspect armoured vehicles, which are part of a business deal between him and Father John Hughes. After their meeting, Thomas visits the Ritz Hotel to meet with Mr. Romanov, who pays him, with a sapphire, for murdering Kaledin. Arthur and John Shelby meet with Vicente Changretta, who demands an explanation for the burning down of his son's restaurant. John ignores his questions, threatens him, and after Vincent publicly vows to murder him, John beats and cuts Angel Changretta. During a family meeting with the Shelbys, Thomas sides with John, to the surprise of Arthur and Polly. At the Shelby Parlour, Thomas is taken into a prison cell by London coppers and is greeted by Father Hughes. Hughes tells Thomas he will kill Charlie if Tommy visits his sister Ada again, due to her communist connections and that he has easy access to his family. Thomas heads home and finds a card under his son's pillow, which reads: "Charles Shelby - R.I.P.". During a conversation with Grace about the Shelby Charity Foundation dinner, Thomas gives her the sapphire, which she wears at the event. Father Hughes and Patrick Jarvis meet with Thomas, informing him that the Russians want to inspect the vehicles. Later, Tatiana tells Thomas the sapphire Grace is wearing was cursed by a gypsy. Thomas attempts to get Grace to take off the necklace, telling her he cannot have anything bad happen to her. A man enters with a gun and shouts "For Angel!", shooting Grace in the upper chest. Arthur, John and Finn brutally beat the man to death as the event turns to chaos with Thomas shouting for an ambulance.

15
3
Episode 3
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
19 May 2016 (2016-05-19)
2.20

Following Grace's funeral, Thomas calls a meeting with Aunt Polly and Michael, and gives them a list of things to do for their "legitimate" business. Afterwards, Arthur and John are ushered in. Thomas tells them to retrieve Vicente Changretta alive and shoot Changretta's wife, but the two are reluctant to murder her. During a family meeting, the Shelbys realise that Thomas has gone, having left a note behind that he'll be back in a few days. Elsewhere, Thomas is heading to Wales with the sapphire necklace. There, he confers with a gypsy, whom he asks whether the sapphire is cursed. Leaving the necklace with the woman, he's able to return home with some sense of normality. In the meantime, Arthur and John have procured Changretta, who Thomas threatens to torture, but Arthur shoots in the head as an act of mercy. Back at the mansion, following her help in finding the Soviet informant in the Economic League, Thomas invites Ada to head the family's future office in America. Armed with the name of the informant, Thomas interrupts a meal hosted by the Grand Duchess Izabella Petrovna and secretly alerts her of the information he has acquired. Princess Tatiana sees Thomas to his car, and he tells her that Hughes is the one betraying them to the Soviets and offers to kill him, free of charge.

16
4
Episode 4
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
26 May 2016 (2016-05-26)
2.19

Easter 1924. The Shelbys receive news that their father has died and Tommy announces the plan to his brothers: they will have been hired to provide the Russians with weapons for a rebellion stolen from a train and will, in turn, be paid in jewels but, believing they will betray him, Tommy plans to break into their vault. Linda tells Arthur she is pregnant and wants him out of the family business, which he agrees to do after the job with the Russians is over. His vagueness irritates Linda who demands a bigger cut for Arthur so they can move to America together and convinces Polly, Esme and Lizzie agree to strike, forcing Tommy to reveal the plan of the assassination to Polly. After drinking during a portrait painting session with Oliver, she goes to the Church, inadvertently revealing the plan to Father Hughes during confession and, knowing he is the target, Hughes foils the Peaky Blinders' attempt on his life. Hughes humiliates Tommy, making him apologise for wrongly accusing him in front of Tatiana and her family. He then has Tommy seriously injured, discovers the actual intent of the robbery and realizes his family will lose.

17
5
Episode 5
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
2 June 2016 (2016-06-02)
2.24

Three months later, Tommy has recovered and the planned massive heist involving the Russians is drawing near. Tommy enlists the Peaky Blinders' old antagonist Alfie Solomons to appraise the Russian's jewels, ruining their plan to give Tommy fakes. The Peaky Blinders begin to tunnel underneath their mansion. Tommy makes a deal with the Soviets to ensure the guns on the train will be useless, negating the need to blow up the train and sabotaging the plan to plant evidence at the scene of the explosion incriminating the USSR thus causing an international incident which would lead to Britain cutting off diplomatic relations with Russia. Ada officially joins the Shelby company when she is offered a place in their new Boston office. After previously revealing that he was abused by Hughes, Michael reveals that he too, wishes to kill the priest but Polly tells Tommy that she will bring the business to its knees should her son be the murderer.

18
6
Episode 6
Tim Mielants
Steven Knight
9 June 2016 (2016-06-09)
2.27

Thomas's son, Charlie, is kidnapped. Father Hughes reveals to Thomas that he knows about his subterfuge, including the tunnel into the Russian vault and sabotaging the train bombing plot. He demands the jewels as payment and for Thomas himself blow up the train - which must kill six people, in exchange for the safe return of his son. Thomas agrees unconditionally. After some investigation he discovers that Alfie Solomons divulged the plans to Father Hughes. During a confrontation Michael kills Alfie's associate, but Thomas cannot bring himself to kill Alfie. Thomas figures out where Charlie is being held and sends Michael to retrieve him and kill Father Hughes. At the same time Arthur and John set off to carry out the train bombing in case Michael can't rescue Charlie in time. Even though Michael is successful, word doesn't reach the Shelbys in time, and the train is blown up. Meanwhile, Thomas frantically completes the tunnel and blasts into the Russian's vault, stealing several jewels and a valuable Fabergé egg. With his son safe, he meets with Grand Duchess Tatiana, who has been in on the jewel heist the whole time, and plans on taking her share to Vienna. Thomas returns home to distribute the remaining loot to his accomplices, but at the end of the meeting announces the police are at the residence to arrest everyone. The rest of the Peaky Blinders and Shelby family are taken away in handcuffs.

text: Series 4 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [15]

19
1
"The Noose"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
15 November 2017 (2017-11-15)
4.12

As Arthur, John, Michael and Polly prepare to hang for their crimes, Tommy's reprieve comes just in time to save their lives. Following their release, the Shelby family is scattered and estranged from one another. On Christmas of 1925, Ada returns from Boston and visits each of them: John and Esme continue their relationship of sex and arguments, Arthur remains stifled by Linda's watchful eye, Michael has begun using cocaine to stay on top of the business and Polly has fallen into a alcohol-fuelled mania, taking prescribed tablets to quell her visions of spirits. Tommy meets with Michael advises him to dispose of Polly's medication and help her through her mental illness without them. Each of the Shelbys receive a letter from Luca Changretta, a member of the Sicilian mafia, marking them for death in retribution for the murder of Angel and Vincente. Tommy and Ada attempt to convince the others to meet on Boxing Day, believing that they will be easier to pick off if they remain separated. However, when Tommy discovers and kills a mafia agent among his staff, he realises the assassination attempts are due to take place on Christmas Day and tries to get word to the rest of the family. After taking Polly and Ada to the meeting, Michael goes to collect John and Esme who Tommy could not get in contact with. A cart pulls up and John and Michael are riddled by a hail of bullets.

20
2
"Heathens"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
22 November 2017 (2017-11-22)
3.86

Michael survives his injuries but John is killed. In the wake of his death, Tommy and the rest of the Shelby family agree to put their differences aside while they deal with the mafia threat. Tommy suggests contacting Aberama Gold, a killer-for-hire, something Polly is strongly against. Disobeying her orders, Tommy uses John's funeral to draw Gold out so that they can make a tentative deal. Enraged, Polly attempts to get Michael to flee with her to Australia but he refuses until she helps the family through their current predicament, something she reluctantly agrees to. Linda discovers that Ada is under investigation by the government because of her marriage to a communist but doesn't pass the message on. Gold agrees to fight for the Shelbys if they take on his son, Bonnie. After seeing him knock out a man much larger than him, Tommy and Arthur officially induct him into the Peaky Blinders. Jessie rallys Tommy's workforce and convinces the entire factory to strike. Changretta visits Tommy and lays several bullets on the table, stating that each is for a member of the Shelby family. He plans to keep Tommy alive until the rest are dead but insists that their vendetta be an honourable one, with Tommy agreeing not to involve the police or the death of children or civilians.

21
3
"Blackbird"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
29 November 2017 (2017-11-29)
3.96

The Italians launch another attack on the Peaky Blinders. Tommy realises that the Shelbys need to evolve if they are to survive, but some of the family are reluctant to part with tradition. As the strike takes hold at the Lanchester factory, Tommy pays a personal visit to Jessie Eden, but he is outmanoeuvred when she reveals something she knows about his past. Changretta plots to continue the vendetta in the most devastating way possible. As well as identifying an enemy of the Shelby family who could help him, Luca makes direct contact with someone at the heart of the Peaky Blinders organisation.

22
4
"Dangerous"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
6 December 2017 (2017-12-06)
3.87

The Peaky Blinders are lured by the Italians into a cat-and-mouse chase on the streets of Birmingham, where it becomes clear that Tommy has met his match. Trapped in Small Heath, Tommy tries to console himself with a visit from an old flame but it soon becomes clear that he can't always get what he wants. As his factory lies idle, Tommy confronts the possibility that the Communists might win and he will be deemed a traitor to his class. Meanwhile, Changretta prepares to spring another trap.

23
5
"The Duel"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
13 December 2017 (2017-12-13)
4.06

Thomas Shelby has figured out Polly and Michael have betrayed him but goes to the meeting Polly has set for him and finds himself engaged in bloody battle with Luca Changretta and his gang. Thomas has prepared for the battle ahead of time and manages to single-handedly kill three of Luca's gang members before coming face to face with Luca, however the police arrive and break up the fight. The family gather to find out what happened, Tommy explains what happened, it appears he had been in on it with Polly, he does not tell the family of Michael's betrayal. Lizzie Stark has even greater news to break. Polly Shelby shares a rather magical woodland scene with Aberama Gold. Meanwhile, an army colonel has questions for Ada Shelby about her past as a communist, and Jessie Eden confirms just how far she is prepared to go in pursuit of her cause. And sensing an opportunity to capitalise on his situation, Luca Changretta makes his way to London to present a plan to Alfie Solomons.

24
6
"The Company"
David Caffrey
Steven Knight
20 December 2017 (2017-12-20)
4.44

As the stage is set for the boxing match between Bonnie Gold and Goliath, Tommy gets a visit from Alfie. The Shelby girls meet to discuss Lizzie's pregnancy. Tommy watches the match ringside with Arthur who is worried about Goliath's seconds. When one of the men leaves the arena, Arthur follows in pursuit and is mortally wounded. At Arthur's funeral, the widow Changretta approaches with a white flag. Later at the family home, she reveals the vendetta will be over if Tommy signs over all his assets to Luca Changretta. Luca and his men meet with the remaining Shelbys in Tommy's basement distillery to sign the documents. Tommy reveals to Luca that he has sent Michael to America to let the mafiosos know that Luca died in the vendetta. Realizing he has been outmaneuvered, Luca attacks Tommy, and a fight ensues. As Tommy is getting the upper hand, Arthur enters the distillery and shoots Luca. It is revealed that Tommy had Arthur fake his death to lure Luca into the trap. The Shelby's celebrate the end of the vendetta at Tommy's countryside estate, and it is announced that Tommy will be retiring from the business. Tommy confronts Alfie for his betrayal, who reveals he did so knowing Tommy would track him down and kill him, and that he has cancer. Tommy then kills Alfie and proceeds to take his holiday. However, as the boredom from fishing and golf sets in, Tommy's post-traumatic stress comes back, and he returns to Small Heath. Tommy returns to Shelby Company, Ltd., and contacts Jessie to let her know he wants to help her and thus acquires the name of her Communist party contacts. He takes this information to the Crown to secure an endorsement for his campaign for Member of Parliament, an election which Tommy wins.

text: Production[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text: Peaky Blinders was created by Steven Knight, directed by Otto Bathurst, and produced by Katie Swinden. The writers are listed as Steven Knight, David Leland, Stephen Russell and Toby Finlay.[16]

text: The series was filmed in Birmingham, Bradford, Dudley, Leeds, Liverpool and Port Sunlight.[17] Railway sequences were filmed between Keighley and Damems, using carriages from the Ingrow Museum of Rail Travel (owned by Vintage Carriages Trust[18]) and carriages owned by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Trust.[19] Many of the scenes for the show were shot at the Black Country Living Museum.[20]

text: Sam Neill enlisted the help of Northern Irish actors James Nesbitt and Liam Neeson to help him perfect a Northern Irish accent for the role of C.I. Campbell. In the end, he had to tone down the accent since the series is being marketed in the United States.[21]

text: Controversially the production did not hire linguists to assist in the show, leading to the gypsies frequently speaking broken Romanian (as opposed to Romani) until series three.

text: Series 2[edit]

text: A second series was commissioned shortly after the broadcast of the first and aired in the autumn of 2014.[22] On 11 January 2014, auditions were held in Digbeth area of Birmingham (near where parts of the series are set) for white and mixed race teenage male extras, resulting in lengthy queues.[23][24]

text: Series 3[edit]

text: Shortly after the final episode of the second series, the show announced via its official Twitter account that it had been renewed for a third series.[25] On 5 October 2015, the official Peaky Blinders Twitter account announced that filming had begun for series 3.[26] Filming wrapped on 22 January 2016, after 78 days of shooting.[27][28]

text: Series 4 and 5[edit]

text: During the initial broadcast of series 3, BBC Two renewed Peaky Blinders for series 4 and 5. Both 4 and 5 will follow suit for six episodes each.[29] Filming for series 4 started in March 2017 and premiered on 15 November 2017.[30] Creator and writer Steven Knight will return to write every episode of series 4 and 5. Cillian Murphy has also confirmed his return for both series; the rest of the main cast are expected to return as well, and it was announced that Charlotte Riley is returning as May Carleton. Adrien Brody and Aidan Gillen have been cast as new characters.[5] On October 13, 2017, it was confirmed that the show will not include The Weinstein Company or its logo in its credits from the fourth season onward, even though the company was formerly involved in the US distribution of the series.[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reception for Peaky Blinders has been largely positive, with notable praise for its writing, acting, visual style, and stylish cinematography. David Renshaw of The Guardian summarised the series as a "riveting, fast-paced tale of post-first world war Birmingham gangsters", praising Murphy as the "ever-so-cool Tommy Shelby" and the rest of the cast for their "powerful performances."[32] Sarah Compton of The Telegraph gave the series a 4/5 rating, praising the show for its originality and "taking all of our expectations and confounding them."[33] Alex Fletcher from Digital Spy believes that "Peaky Blinders has started as sharp as a dart,"[34] while Den of Geek called the series "the most intelligent, stylish and engrossing BBC drama in ages."[35] Cult TV Times critic Hugh David said the show "warrants the billing" by "managing to tick several ratings boxes – period drama, gangster epic, film star leads – yet go against the grain of those in the most interesting of ways."[36]

text: The show has been particularly celebrated for its stylish cinematography and charismatic performances, as well as for casting an eye over a part of Britain and British history rarely explored on television.[37] Historians have been divided over whether bringing characters and events from other decades into a 1920s story undermines claims to historical accuracy, or whether working-class life in the period is nevertheless depicted in a truthful and resonant way.[38] Reviews for the second series have remained positive, with Ellen E. Jones of The Independent commenting that "Peaky Blinders can now boast several more big-name actors to supplement the sterling work of Cillian Murphy, Helen McCrory and Sam Neill", referring to second series additions Tom Hardy and Noah Taylor.[39]

text: Several critics have also favourably compared the show to US drama Boardwalk Empire,[40][41] which shares the same themes and historical context. Show writer Steven Knight stated in an early interview: "Do you know – and I'm not just saying this – but I've never watched them. I've never seen The Wire, I've never seen Boardwalk Empire, I've never seen any of them." When asked if he deliberately avoided watching these dramas, he responded: "It's sort of deliberate in that I don't really want to be looking at other people's work because it does affect what you do inevitably."[42] On 2 March 2016, Steven Knight told the Crime Scene Quarterly, "I've had unsolicited communication from Michael Mann, the film director, from Dennis Lehane, Snoop Dogg – he's such a fan. And the late David Bowie was a huge fan – more of that to come" (strongly hinting Bowie's involvement on Series 3). It was later confirmed that David Bowie's music will be featured, and Leonard Cohen has also written a new song for series 3.[43][44][45]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Series
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

1
BAFTA Television Craft Awards
Best Director: Fiction
Otto Bathurst
Won

Best Original Television Music
Martin Phipps
Nominated

Best Photography and Lighting: Fiction
George Steel
Won

Best Production Design
Grant Montgomery
Nominated

Best Sound: Fiction
Stuart Hilliker, Brian Milliken, Matthew Skelding, Lee Walpole
Nominated

Best Special Visual Effects
Bluebolt (VFX), Rushes (Colourist)
Nominated

Biarritz International Festival of Audovisual Programming
Best Actor in a TV Series or Serial
Cillian Murphy
Won

Best Actress in a TV Series or Serial
Helen McCrory
Won

Best Music in a TV Series or Serial
Martin Phipps
Won

Crime Thriller Awards UK
Best Supporting Actress
Helen McCrory
Nominated

RTS Programme Awards
Best Drama Series
"production team"
Won

RTS Craft & Design Awards
Best Costume Design: Drama
Stephanie Collie
Won

Best Make-Up Design: Drama
Loz Schiavo
Nominated

Best Production Design: Drama
Grant Montgomery
Nominated

Judges' Award
"production team"
Won

Televisual Bulldog Awards
Best Drama One-Off or Serial
"production team"
2nd Place

2
BAFTA Television Awards
Best Drama Series
"production team"
Nominated

BAFTA Television Craft Awards
Best Make-Up and Hair
Loz Schiavo
Nominated

Best Photography and Lighting: Fiction
Simon Dennis
Nominated

Best Production Design
Grant Montgomery
Nominated

IFTA Film and Television Awards
Best Leading Actor in a Drama Series
Cillian Murphy
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Lorna Marie Mugan
Won

Best Director: Drama Series
Colm McCarthy
Nominated

RTS Programme Awards
Best Drama Series
"production team"
Nominated

RTS Craft & Design Awards
Best Photography: Drama
Simon Dennis
Nominated

Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards
Best TV Drama - Long Form
Steven Knight
Nominated

3
National Television Awards
Best Period Drama Series
"Production team"
Nominated

Best Drama Performance
Cillian Murphy
Nominated

Irish Film and Television Awards
Best Leading Actor in a Drama Series
Cillian Murphy
Won

4
BAFTA Television Awards
Best Drama Series
production team
Pending

BAFTA Television Craft Awards
Best Costume Design
Alison McCosh
Nominated

Best Editing: Fiction
Dan Roberts (Episode 5)
Nominated

Best Make Up & Hair Design
Loz Schiavo
Nominated

Best Sound: Fiction
Forbes Noonan, Ben Norrington, Jim Goddard, Grant Bridgeman
Nominated

Best Writer: Drama
Stephen Knight
Nominated

text: Broadcast and release[edit]

text: On 24 September 2014, it was announced that Netflix had acquired exclusive US distribution rights from the Weinstein Company and Endemol. The entirety of series 1 became available for streaming on 30 September 2014; series 2 launched in November 2014.[46] Series 3 was made available 31 May 2016.[47] Due to licensing restrictions, however, most of the show's original soundtrack is not available on the Netflix-distributed version of the series.[48]


document_title: Hold What You've Got

question_text: who sang hold on to what you got

question_tokens: who sang hold on to what you got

root

text: Hold What You've Got

text:
"Hold What You've Got"

Single by Joe Tex

from the album Hold On To What You've Got

Released
1964 (1964)

Genre
Rhythm and blues

Length
3:04

Songwriter(s)
Joe Tex

text: "Hold What You've Got" is a 1964 single by Joe Tex. The single was his second chart release and first to reach the Billboard Hot 100. "Hold What You've Got" went to number one on the Cash Box R&B chart and reached number five in 1965, on the pop chart.[1] The song is noted for the two spoken recitations, between the refrains of the song, telling, first the men, and then the women to keep on supporting their loved ones and not take them for granted.

tag: p


document_title: Robin in other media

question_text: when does robin appear in the batman the animated series

text: Robin in other media

text: Television[edit]

text: Live-action[edit]

text: In the 1960s Batman television series and its 1966 movie offshoot, Robin (Dick Grayson) was played by Burt Ward.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Super Friends[edit]

text: In DC Comics related cartoon series, produced by Filmation and Hanna-Barbera throughout the 1970s and 1980s, such as the Super Friends, Robin (Dick Grayson) was voiced by Casey Kasem or Burt Ward. Both the live-action and animated versions wore the standard Robin costume, much like the film serial versions of the 1940s. He is not paired with Batman in the Cartoon Network programs Justice League and Justice League Unlimited due to the Bat-Embargo which limited the use of Batman-related characters from any media source outside of the new Batman Begins movie franchise and The Batman animated series.

text: DC animated universe[edit]

text: The Dick Grayson version of Robin made his first appearance during the first season of Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1995), voiced by Loren Lester. He only made occasional appearances due to Bruce Timm's insistence that Batman worked best as a solo hero as already proven in the first two Burton films. The second season was known as The Adventures of Batman and Robin, as per orders of the Warner Bros. executives who wished for more frequent appearances of Robin to be made throughout the season.

text: The Tim Drake version of Robin appears as the second incarnation in The New Batman Adventures (1997–1998). This continuity does not include Jason Todd by name, but the cartoons describe Drake as a combination of all three Robins. Versions of the Carrie Kelley (Anndi McAfee) and 1950s (Brianne Siddall) Robins, both in the original costume, also make short appearances on the show in a dream sequence from the episode "Legends of the Dark Knight".

text: Tim Drake was voiced by Mathew Valencia in The New Batman Adventures, and by Eli Marienthal and Shane Sweet on Static Shock.

text: Teen Titans[edit]

text: The Cartoon Network series Teen Titans (an adaptation of the New Teen Titans comic book series) with one similarity is that the character Robin is the Teen Titan's leader. Robin joins Beast Boy, Cyborg, Raven and Starfire when Jump City is threatened by aliens in "Go!". Robin is generally respected by the others as the team's best leader, but on the inside he is driven by an unhealthy obsession to win, which sometimes alienates him from his teammates ("Divide And Conquer", "Masks", "Winner Take All", "The Quest").

text: The identity of the series iteration of Robin (voiced by Scott Menville) isn't directly obvious, as the style of this version's costume is still closely modeled on Tim Drake's first costume, however, the colors are those of Dick Grayson and Jason Todd. Also, Robin has never been directly referred to by full name which was intentional, according to both Sam Register and Glen Murakami. The time-travel themed episode "How Long Is Forever?" showed a future where Robin has taken on the role of Nightwing (a role taken up by Dick Grayson). The episode "Fractured" shows an alternate universe version of Robin with exactly the same DNA shows up named Nosyarg Kcid (Dick Grayson spelled backwards).[1]

text: In many instances, Robin's relationship to Batman is heavily referenced. In "Go", just before Robin attacks a thief, bats fly at him. After a while the thief says, "Aren't you supposed to be with..." only to be interrupted by Robin who says, "Just moved here. I work alone now", and throughout the episode, he says he doesn't want to be in a team again so soon. In "Haunted", Raven uses her powers to enter Robin's mind; one of the images she sees is Robin's shadow in a cave area swearing an oath to someone, and part of a circus ring with two figures falling (taken from Dick Grayson's origin). When Robin rejects Slade in "Apprentice: Part 2" as a father figure he mentions "I already have a father", and then the screen shows a shot of a dark sky with bats flying through it, also referring to Batman. In that same episode, a battle ensues on top of a building that says "WAYNE ENTERPRISES". In "The Quest", Robin says that he was trained by the best and this is believed to be a reference to the Batman.

text: Robin also has shown to have romantic feelings for Starfire since they first met (just like Dick Grayson). There have been romantic moments shared between the two in the series, but neither Robin nor Starfire admit their feelings for each other until the movie Teen Titans: Trouble in Tokyo. During the film, Robin and Starfire come very close to admitting their feelings and having their first romantic kiss, but sadly Robin proves to be too focused on the mission (and also being interrupted by Beast Boy and the others) before insisting that, as heroes, they can never be anything more. However, after the film's climax battle, Robin and Starfire finally admit their feelings for each other and share their first true romantic kiss with Cyborg commenting, "Well, it's about time!". In the end, they are both seen holding hands and finally become a romantic couple.

text: The tie-in comic, Teen Titans Go! appears to confirm that this version of Robin is indeed Dick Grayson, as issue #47 focuses on Robin struggling through the anniversary of the death of his parents (which are shown to be the Flying Graysons, as in the episode "Haunted") with the other Titans trying to help him cope. Batman makes a cameo overseeing Titans Tower from the city, and after seeing Robin and Starfire kiss, claims that Robin is "in better hands".[2]

text: Jason Todd is also mentioned by Beast Boy to be a potential candidate for Red X in the episode "X".

text: The Batman[edit]

text: The Dick Grayson version of Robin appeared in The Batman, voiced by Evan Sabara. In this version, Dick Grayson is an energetic, gifted acrobat and one of the main attractions of Hayley's Circus, along with his parents, as part of the amazing Flying Grayson's act. His life was changed forever when Tony Zucco and his brothers tried to threaten Grayson's father into taking a "protection" policy. When the Graysons refused, an altercation resulted in the police and Batman being called. The Zuccos were easily defeated for the moment one of Tony's brothers was even captured.

text: An angered Zucco altered the rigs on the Flying Graysons trapeze act, causing Dick's parents to fall to their deaths right in front of their son during a performance. With no surviving family members, Dick was taken in by Bruce Wayne as Bruce saw shades of himself in Dick after his own parents' murder. After Dick discovered that Wayne was Batman, the two worked together to capture Zucco. Dick chose the codename "Robin" because that is what his mother had called him.

text: Grayson sports a costume elements of Tim Drake's two Robin costumes, although an early promotional photo showed a suit with a bit more originality. His costume and equipment are also influenced heavily by his Teen Titans counterpart, however, their personalities differ massively; whereas the Teen Titans incarnation is a serious, focused and occasionally obsessive leader, this version is far less serious and genuinely enjoys his work as a vigilante, constantly spouting one-liners and generally acting in the mould of a typical teenager and his Golden Age comic counterpart. Some tension arose when Robin and Batgirl (Barbara Gordon) met. Batgirl, having been active as a vigilante and wanna-be partner of the Batman some time before Robin appeared, was quite jealous of Batman's new 'official partner'. This was changed when Batman took the liberty of revealing their identities to Batgirl and fully accepted into the fold. Afterward, Robin and Batgirl developed a more friendly, almost sibling-like working relationship. Robin even likes calling Batgirl "Babs" when they aren't in costumes, though she is not fond of the nickname.

text: As depicted in a possible future during the episode "Artifacts", Dick Grayson gives up the "Robin" name and costume to become Nightwing. Barbara and Batman still persist in calling him by his original codename. Batman did this more out of habit, and Barbara did it as a flirting sort of way to annoy Dick. Interestingly, the Police department who discover the Batcave in the beginning of the episode call Robin as 'Red Robin', a reference to Kingdom Come, and they theorize that Bruce Wayne was Red Robin (with his father as Batman and his mother as Batwoman).

text: Krypto the Superdog[edit]

text: In the Krypto the Superdog episode, "Bathound and the Robin", a literal robin called "Robbie" is saved by Ace the Bathound and wants to be Ace's sidekick, much to the dismay of Ace. Robbie's costume resembled the classic outfit of Dick Grayson.

text: Batman: The Brave and the Bold[edit]

text: Dick Grayson was featured in Batman: The Brave and the Bold in the episode "The Color of Revenge!" He is depicted as the protector of Blüdhaven - the city where he fights crime in the comics as Nightwing - but he is seen in the episode still as Robin. The rift between him and Batman has already taken place, and he is seen to still be angry at Batman for still treating him as a sidekick rather than a superhero in his own right. It is only after cooperating with Batman to defeat Crazy Quilt that Robin earns Batman's respect. After Crazy Quilt is defeated, Robin joins Batman when Killer Moth hijacks the Gotham Bank Money Train, but he rides in the side cart of Batman's motorcycle (something he stated he never wanted to do again). Robin was voiced by Crawford Wilson, and the teaser episode has several references to the 1960s Batman television series. Subsequently, he is seen in "Sidekicks Assemble!" where he leads fellow sidekicks Speedy and Aqualad in a battle against Ra's al Ghul. At the end of the episode, he decides to step out of the shadow of his mentor and take the costume and identity of Nightwing. He is seen as Robin once again in the teaser for "Emperor Joker!", which shows a flashback to an earlier battle between the Dynamic Duo and Firefly. In "The Criss Cross Conspiracy!", Nightwing returns and a flashback shows him as Robin. Dick eventually becomes the new Batman in the alternate future story, "The Knights of Tomorrow!", with Damian Wayne acting as the new Robin. The episode ends with Damian succeeding Dick as the new Batman after the former retires, and Damian's unnamed son (voiced by Sebastian Bader) becomes the new Robin. Damian Wayne is voiced by both Patrick Cavanaugh (as a child) and by Diedrich Bader (as an adult). Later, in the opening for "Triumvirate of Terror" Robin was seen in the team of the Justice League International playing baseball against the Legion of Doom.

text: Young Justice[edit]

text: Robin (Dick Grayson) is one of the main cast members in the animated adaptation of Young Justice.[3] The character is voiced by actor Jesse McCartney.[4] Along with Aqualad, Kid Flash and Superboy, Robin is one of the founding members of Young Justice. However, when not on team missions, he still lives and performs his duties in Gotham City. As the most experienced member of the team, he assumed that he would automatically be the leader, but this would prove to not be the case. When in combat with Batman, their relationship is so defined that they do not need to communicate and Robin therefore assumed he could disappear and that others would immediately know what to do. Robin nominates Aqualad who accepts, saying that Robin will one day take over as he was born to lead the team. Throughout missions, Robin is shown to be the hacker of the group, making use of the computer interface on his wrist. As the youngest member of the team, he is still a bit immature and can often be heard laughing in combat as to either toy with or intimidate his opponents. He also questions the meaning of words, such as wondering why something is overwhelming, and not just "whelming".

text: In season 2, set 5 years later, Dick Grayson as Nightwing leads the team and has been replaced as Robin by Tim Drake. In Episode 8 of season 2 in the Justice League pantheon for fallen heroes we see a hologrammed computerized image of what appears to portray a second Robin with features similar to Jason Todd.

text: New Teen Titans[edit]

text: The Teen Titans iteration of Robin returns in the New Teen Titans shorts, with Scott Menville reprising his role. One of the shorts included an appearance by the DC One Million version of Robin.

text: Teen Titans Go![edit]

text: The Teen Titans iteration of Robin returns in Teen Titans Go! with Scott Menville reprising his role. In the show, Robin is portrayed as the self-appointed, hard-as-nails, hubristic, slightly power mad leader of the Teen Titans but fairly more light-hearted, and has a huge crush on Starfire but is too nervous to admit this, though he is also seen as being very arrogant, often depicting himself as the so-called "best superhero", believing that he is better than his friends and heroes should always put themselves in the spotlight and take all the glory. He is also a "sleep-Fighter", and is insecure about his lack of superpowers, which has, on multiple occasions, led to one of the other Titans committing mutiny and replacing Robin as leader. In some episodes, he is shown to fall into fits of madness easily, completely ignoring his team to follow through on his own view of how to carry something out. Such examples included continued to dig an escape tunnel despite being rescued, forcing his teammates to rely on seven numbered options and scant resources during an educational 1800's-style road trip without even the slightest bit of concern for their well-being (which ultimately leads to their deaths, which he reacts to with a lot of callousness), and thinking that nature is so dangerous he needs to be on edge and eat whatever he can find. An episode also showed that he had a backup Robin squad which features Carrie Kelly, a darker Tim Drake, and the upbeat 60s version all voiced by Scott.

text: Film[edit]

text: Serials[edit]

text: Batman[edit]

text: In director Lambert Hillyer's 1943 film serial Batman, Robin was played by Douglas Croft. Croft was the only actor to portray Robin at the actual age of fourteen/fifteen; subsequent live-action actors have either been in their early to late 20's.[citation needed]

text: Batman and Robin[edit]

text: Robin was played by 26-year-old Johnny Duncan in Columbia Pictures' Batman and Robin (1949), directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet.[citation needed]

text: Full-length feature films[edit]

text: Burton-Schumacher series[edit]

text: Early concepts[edit]

text: Robin did not appear in the Tim Burton movies Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). This was an unusual move as the two 1940s serials as well as the 1966 movie and attendant TV show had presented the 'Dynamic Duo' as an inseparable pair, with the general public unaware that the comic-book incarnation of Batman often worked alone. The special edition version of the Batman (1989) DVD features an animated storyboard sequence of when Robins parents are killed by the Joker. Jason Hillhouse provides the voice of Dick Grayson, while Kevin Conroy and Mark Hamill reprise their respective roles (from the DC animated universe) as Batman and the Joker in the storyboard sequence. Burton planned to cast Northern Irish actor Ricky Addison Reed as Robin, but later felt it was unimportant to the story and cut Robin out altogether. In an earlier script of Batman Returns, he was portrayed as a technologically savvy street kid who would help Batman following his narrow escape when The Penguin tried to kill him. He would later play a crucial role in Batman's final confrontation with The Penguin. In that script, he was simply called Robin, has no known real name, and was to be played by Marlon Wayans.[5]

text: Batman Forever[edit]

text: Wayans was considered for the role of Robin in Batman Forever, but the change in directors from Burton to Joel Schumacher would also mean a change in the choice of actor for the role of Robin.[6] Chris O'Donnell played the character of Dick Grayson in the film, alongside Val Kilmer in the role of Batman. Dick Grayson's parents and older brother were murdered by Two-Face during a hostage situation at the annual Gotham Circus after the family helps get rid of a bomb rigged to explode. Bruce Wayne takes him in as his ward out of guilt for being unable to save Dick's family. Dick soon finds out that Bruce is Batman and becomes a costumed hero in his late teens. His costume closely resembles the Robin uniform worn by Tim Drake. However, Grayson's classic costume appears as Robin's circus uniform, sans the "R" symbol and face mask[citation needed].

text: Batman & Robin[edit]

text: O'Donnell reprised the role in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, this time opposite George Clooney as Batman. Tension between Batman and Robin is present in the film due to Robin growing tired of playing second fiddle to Batman and desiring to break free from Batman's shadow, particularly after Robin's recklessness leads to him getting frozen by Mr. Freeze. These feelings are later amplified when Poison Ivy exposes Robin to her pheromone dust and causes him to fall in love with her, sowing seeds of doubt regarding Batman's faith in his ward. In the film's climax, Robin eventually sees through Ivy's schemes and makes amends with Batman, and throughout the film, it is hinted that he harbours romantic feelings towards Alfred's niece, Barbara Wilson, who later becomes Batgirl.

text: Cancelled Robin spin-off[edit]

text: Chris O'Donnell revealed to Access Hollywood that a Robin spin-off was planned but got scrapped after Batman & Robin. [7]

text: Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy[edit]

text: In a June 2005 interview, Christopher Nolan, the director of Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, said that as long as he was directing the franchise, Robin would not be appearing. Since Christian Bale was portraying Batman as a young man at the time of "Year One", Dick Grayson was still a child at that point.[8] Bale has also given the same opinion regarding Robin, even though his favorite Batman story, Batman: Dark Victory, focuses on Robin's origin.[9]

text: The Dark Knight Rises[edit]

text: In the film The Dark Knight Rises, Batman finds an ally in a young policeman who goes by the name of John Blake (portrayed by Joseph Gordon-Levitt), an original character created exclusively for the film.

text: Blake is an orphan whose mother was killed in a car crash and whose father was murdered in a gambling related dispute when Blake was still a child. He was raised in St. Swithin's, an orphanage sponsored by the Wayne Foundation. He also develops a great admiration towards Batman. During his time there, he learned to hide his anger over his parents' death. When Bruce Wayne visited the orphanage, Blake noticed similar qualities between himself and Bruce, and single-handedly deduced that Bruce is Batman. When he was old enough, he became a police officer, and eventually befriends Batman's ally Commissioner James Gordon.

text: After the discovery of Bane, Blake confronts Bruce and attempts to convince him to return as Batman. When Bane publicly declares himself, Blake takes Gordon into hiding and arrests Selina Kyle to question her about Bruce's disappearance. He also shows his repulsion towards Gordon and Batman covering up the crimes of Harvey Dent. Blake joins Gordon and the other cops in a revolt against Bane's rule, but is caught and nearly executed. He's rescued by Batman, who tells him to evacuate the city. This attempt fails when external officers blow up the only bridge leading away from Gotham out of fear, since Bane had threatened earlier to have the bomb detonated (by a random citizen, later revealed to be Talia al Ghul, masquerading as Miranda Tate) if anyone tried to leave Gotham.

text: After Batman apparently sacrifices himself to save the city, Blake quits the GCPD, disgusted that the mainland police were willing to let Gotham perish. He attends Bruce's funeral with Gordon, Alfred Pennyworth and Lucius Fox. He later attends the reading of Bruce's will, and is pleasantly surprised to discover that Wayne Manor will become a home for the city's at-risk orphans, named in honor of Thomas and Martha Wayne. When he gives the name "Blake, John" to a clerk holding a package that Bruce had left him, he is told there is nothing there for him. He hands over an ID and suggests they try his legal name, which is revealed to be Robin. The clerk gives him GPS coordinates and spelunking gear, before she tells him that he should use the name "Robin" more often. At the end of the film, Blake follows the coordinates, and finds the Batcave.

text: Gordon-Levitt has stated that the ending of The Dark Knight Rises is not a set up for a spin-off film and is the true conclusion of Christopher Nolan's Batman series.[10]

text: DC Extended Universe[edit]

text: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice[edit]

text: Jason Todd / Robin is confirmed to exist and currently deceased in the DC Extended Universe, with his suit covered in Joker graffiti making its first appearance in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[11] Director Zack Snyder later confirmed Robin was killed ten years before the movie by a younger Joker, and the scene illustrated the sacrifices Bruce Wayne endured to be the vigilante and his willingness to face his past mistakes.[12]

text: Suicide Squad[edit]

text: In Suicide Squad, it is revealed Harley Quinn was an accomplice to Robin's murder, something that wasn't present in the "A Death in the Family" (1988) storyline as Quinn was not yet created. Director David Ayer later clarified that the Joker was indeed the person who killed Robin.[13]

text: Nightwing[edit]

text: In 2017, a Nightwing film was confirmed to be in development. Dick Grayson/Nightwing is confirmed to exist in the DCEU.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Justice League: The New Frontier[edit]

text: Robin (apparently Dick Grayson) was featured in the DC DTV movie Justice League: New Frontier, where he was adopted, as a teenager (not a child, as in most interpretations), during the events of the movie. Batman did so because he realized that he was frightening those he was trying to protect. The circumstances of his adoption are not explained. He was voiced by Shane Haboucha.

text: Batman: Under the Red Hood[edit]

text: In the DC Universe Animated Original Movie Batman: Under the Red Hood, an adaptation of the bestselling Batman storyline "Under the Hood" from Batman #635-650 and Batman Annual #25, Neil Patrick Harris voices Dick Grayson/Nightwing while Jensen Ackles portrays Jason Todd/Red Hood. Vincent Martella and his younger brother Alexander Martella each provide the voice of the young Jason Todd in different ages as Robin in a flashback in the beginning of the film.

text: Batman: The Dark Knight Returns[edit]

text: Carrie Kelly appears as Robin in the two-part animated film Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, voiced by Ariel Winter. Being a fan of Batman, Carrie took the mantle of Robin herself when the Mutant crime organization had been wreaking havoc on Gotham. Batman comes to see her as a suitable Robin, training her and using her to gather intel. She helps him with leading the former Mutant's group Sons of Batman into learning his less violent ways, when Gotham needed martial law enforced. When Batman is called out to a duel with Superman after refusing to go back into retirement, Carrie helps Bruce fake his death. She, along with Oliver Queen (Green Arrow) and Bruce train the Sons of Batman group to begin taking on his job.

text: JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time[edit]

text: Jack DeSena voices Robin in the Target Corporation's exclusive 2014 direct-to-video animated feature JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time.

text: DC Animated Movie Universe[edit]

text: In 2013, Justice League: War was released, the first of a series of films that shared the same continuity, known as the DC Animated Movie Universe. Damian Wayne and Dick Grayson appear in several of these films, Damian/Robin being voiced by Stuart Allan while Sean Maher voices Dick/Nightwing.

text: Son of Batman[edit]

text: Son of Batman, an adaptation of Grant Morrison' Batman storyline "Batman and Son", was the first time Damian Wayne had appeared in a DC-related film.

text: Batman vs. Robin[edit]

text: In Batman vs. Robin, Damian comes into contact with the Court of Owls, being tempted to leave Batman and join him. Throughout the film, Batman and Robin fight over Damian's rawness and his lack of discipline, leading to Damian almost joining the court before Talon (voiced by Jeremy Sisto), an assassin for the Court, is ordered to kill him when the leader discovers his secret identity. After Talon massacres the entire court, he and Robin clash in the Batcave before Talon commits suicide. Afterwards, Damian leaves for a monastery in the Himalayas.

text: Batman: Bad Blood[edit]

text: Damian returns in Batman: Bad Blood, teaming up with Dick Grayson to investigate his father's disappearance. The Heretic (voiced by Travis Willingham), makes his first film appearance, as an artificially-aged clone of Damian like in the comics. Heretic attempts to absorb Damian's mind into his so he will know what it feels like to be loved, but Talia al Ghul executes him for his treachery and punishment, much to Damian's horror.

text: Justice League vs. Teen Titans[edit]

text: In Justice League vs. Teen Titans, Batman decides to have Robin join the Teen Titans to teach him about teamwork and has Nightwing drop him off at Titans Tower. Damian ends up warming up to the team after being initially hostile towards them, forming a particular friendship with Raven.

text: Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders[edit]

text: Ward reprised his role as Dick Grayson/Robin in the animated movie Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders.[14]

text: The Lego Batman Movie[edit]

text: Michael Cera voices Dick Grayson in The Lego Movie spin-off The Lego Batman Movie. This version was adopted by Batman as a teenager and his Robin outfit is actually a modified Reggae outfit for Batman with the pants taken off. He has large, green glasses similar to the Carrie Kelley version. During the climax, he briefly dons a Batman armor labeled "Nightwing" when attempting to save Barbara and Alfred.[15]

text: Video games[edit]

text: Lego Batman[edit]

text: Robin (Tim Drake) is a playable character in Lego Batman: The Videogame, Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, and Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham. Charlie Schlatter voices Robin in the second and third titles. The Robin from the Lego Batman series appears in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Scott Menville. He is kidnapped early in the game's narrative, forcing Batman to find and rescue him. The game also features the Lego Batman Movie version of Robin as a playable character, with bonus story chapters adapting his role in the events of the film; using this Robin in the Teen Titans Go! world transforms him into the version of the character from that series, reprised by Scott Menville.

text: Batman: Arkham[edit]

text: In Batman: Arkham City, the Tim Drake version of Robin, voiced by Troy Baker, appears briefly during the story and is fully playable during the Harley Quinn's Revenge DLC. Both Robin and Dick Grayson as Nightwing are playable in the game's challenge maps.[16] Dick Grayson appears as Robin in Batman: Arkham Origins' multiplayer mode, voiced by Josh Keaton, with the ability to unlock Tim Drake's costume from Arkham City.[17] In Batman: Arkham Knight, Tim Drake returns as Robin (voiced by Matthew Mercer)[18] and Dick Grayson returns as Nightwing (voiced by Scott Porter), while Jason Todd (voiced by Troy Baker) makes his debut as a new persona called the Arkham Knight, eventually transitioning into Red Hood.

text: Injustice[edit]

text: Dick Grayson as Nightwing appears in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced by Troy Baker. Damian Wayne, voiced by Neal McDonough, appears as a villainous version of Nightwing in the same game. Damian in his Robin and Nightwing personas later appeared as a playable character in the game's sequel, Injustice 2, voiced by Scott Porter.[19] Jason Todd as the Red Hood, voiced by Cameron Bowen, appears as a playable character in the game via downloadable content.

text: Other games[edit]

text: The Teen Titans animated series version of Robin is a playable character in both the Game Boy Advance game and the console game adaptations; Scott Menville reprises his role from the TV series. Robin also appears as a playable character in video game adaptations of The Adventures of Batman and Robin and the films Batman Forever and Batman & Robin.

text: Toys[edit]

text: Lego produced a Lego Batman line of licensed sets in 2006, and a second Lego Super Heroes line in 2012. The 7783-The Batcave: The Penguin and Mr. Freeze's Invasion set features Robin in the classic costume with a mini speedboat, as well as the 2012 version 6860-The Batcave which features Robin in a red and black costume. 7785-Arkham Asylum includes Nightwing and his motorcycle as well. Set 6857-The Dynamic Duo Funhouse Escape also features the newer red and black Robin figure. It is unclear whether this Robin is reflective of the Dick Grayson Robin, because of the costume's color scheme, or the Tim Drake Robin, since Nightwing is also featured in the Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes videogame, although it has been stated on Lego.com that it is the Tim Drake incarnation. Lego has also announced a new Robin minifigure (also Tim Drake), released in the 2013 Superhero sets which has the appearance of Robin from Batman: Arkham City.[citation needed] In 2014, the Damian Wayne incarnation was released in a new set.

text: Radio[edit]

text: The Batman Mystery Club[edit]

text: Batman's radio series with Robin, The Batman Mystery Club, in which Batman told ghost stories, never aired. One episode was made: "The Monster of Dumphrey's Hall".[citation needed]

text: Adventures of Superman[edit]

text: During radio broadcasts of The Adventures of Superman radio drama Batman and Robin were paired with Superman over the years from September 15, 1945 to 1949. The pairing was pure novelty. The Batman and Robin appearances provided time off for Bud Collyer, the voice of Superman on radio. These episodes called for Superman to be occupied elsewhere and the crime fighting would be handled by Batman and Robin. On that series the voice of Robin was played by Ronald Liss.

text: Poetry[edit]

text: The British poet Simon Armitage wrote the poem Kid about Robin. The poem portrays Robin having been dismissed by Batman and found a new lifestyle.[20]


document_title: Camp Randall Stadium

question_text: when did jump around start at uw madison

text: Camp Randall Stadium

text: History[edit]

text: The stadium lies on the grounds of Camp Randall, a former Union Army training camp during the Civil War.[4][5] The camp was named after then Governor Alexander Randall, who later became Postmaster General of the United States.

text: After an outcry from veterans over plans to turn the site into building lots, the state bought it in 1893 and presented it to the university.  Soon afterward, it was pressed into service as an athletic ground.  It was originally used by the track and field team before the football and baseball teams moved there in 1895.  However, the wooden bleachers were very difficult to maintain, and a portion of them were actually condemned as unsafe in 1914.  The university then asked for $40,000 to build a concrete-and-steel stadium, but only got half of the original request.  However, after three sections of bleachers collapsed during a 1915 game, the state readily granted the additional money.  The new stadium opened for the first time on October 6, 1917.  It consisted of 7,500 concrete seats—roughly corresponding to the lower portion of the current stadium's east grandstand—and 3,000 wooden seats from the old field.

text: After the wooden seats burned down in 1922, more permanent seats were added in stages until it consisted of a horseshoe opening to the south, with a running track around the field. The stadium was renovated at various points to raise the size of the horseshoe by nearly doubling the number of rows around the stadium in stages, placing south stands in front of the Wisconsin Field House (built in 1930), the removal of the track and addition of nearly 11,000 seats in 1958, the addition of the upper deck in 1966, and finally the 2005 addition of boxes along the eastern rim of the stadium.

text: Originally natural grass, the field was one of the first in the United States to convert to artificial turf in 1968.[6][7][8] Superturf was installed in 1980,[9] and a new AstroTurf field was installed in 1990,[10]  and replaced in 1998.[11] A new type of artificial grass, infilled FieldTurf, was installed for the 2003 season, replaced  after the spring term in time for the 2012 season.[12]

text: The stadium also houses athletic offices of the university. In 2002, a large-scale reconstruction project commenced, which added luxury boxes, a five-story office building, and separate football program offices. In addition, concessions, restrooms and other infrastructure items were upgraded, the walkway around the field was removed, and new scoreboards were installed. The construction was completed prior to the start of the 2004 season. The football team continued to play at the stadium throughout the construction.

text: Also during this period of reconstruction at the stadium, changes were made to the visiting team locker room. Known as one of the best visiting team locker rooms in the Big Ten Conference, it was initially painted a bright pink, a color thought to affect the play of the visiting team (similar to Iowa's pale pink visiting locker room). The UW Athletic Dept. decided that the color may irritate the opposing team and had the room painted a pale shade of blue called "prison blue", named for the shade of paint used in Wisconsin Department of Corrections facility cells, which is intended to have a "calming effect." Since this change, the Badgers have had a 43–4 home record.

text: The numbers of Wisconsin's two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, are displayed on the upper deck façade. Both of their numbers (35 and 33, respectively) are retired; The retired numbers of Elroy Hirsch (40), Dave Schreiner (80), Allan Schafer (83), and Pat Richter (88) were added during the 2006 football season.[13]

text: At Barry Alvarez's final game as head coach in 2005, plans were announced to place a statue of him in the Stadium's Kellner Plaza.  The bronze statue was unveiled in 2006 on October 13. On November 17, it was joined by a similar statue of former UW athlete and athletic director Pat Richter.[14]

text: Announced in the fall of 2010 and completed in January 2014, the Student Athlete Performance Center, an expansion of Camp Randall to the north, included a new scoreboard, academic and strength training facilities, multimedia instructional space, lower-level football team access tunnel, and renovated locker rooms, shower rooms and equipment space. Although the new scoreboard is listed as being 50 feet by 170 feet, the large Daktronics screen size is 4,271 square feet (per @BadgerFootball), with two smaller screens flanking either side.[15]

text: In 2018, a plan was announced to build premium seating in the south end zone (replacing existing bleacher seating), replace the artificial turf, upgrade utilities, and improve the press box.[16]

text: "The Camp Randall Crush"[edit]

text: On October 30, 1993, Wisconsin defeated the Michigan Wolverines, 13–10, for the first time since 1981. As the final gun sounded, students began to charge the field to celebrate, but were blocked by the guardrails surrounding the field. The crowd in the back, not aware of what was going on at the front, continued to move forward, aided by gravity. Those in front were crushed against the rails and then trampled when the rails finally gave way and the throng spilled onto the field.[17] There were no fatalities, but 73 students were injured, six of them critically.[18] Several Badgers football players assisted with removing the injured from the tangle; some of them were medical students and administered CPR to many victims who were not breathing. Per Mar Security (stadium security) and the University of Wisconsin were later found liable for this situation.[19]

text: As a result, design changes were made in the stadium that increased the size and strength of the fences. Stadium personnel also received training to help them better handle a field rush. A field rush after a defeat of no. 1 Ohio State on October 16, 2010, showed that the measures taken after 1993 worked, as only one minor injury took place.[20][21]

text: Off-the-field traditions[edit]

text: Badger football events at Camp Randall Stadium include numerous traditions. Some of these include:

text: The Fifth Quarter[edit]

text: In 1969, the Badgers had lost 24 straight games, and Michael Leckrone took over the Wisconsin Marching Band. Working with athletic director Elroy Hirsch, Leckrone and the band created a fan event called "The Fifth Quarter", that took place at the end of the game.

text: Songs typically played during the Fifth Quarter include "On Wisconsin", "You've Said It All" (also known as the "Bud" song, referring to its beginning as a jingle in a Budweiser beer commercial), "Space Badgers" (A variation on the opening to Also sprach Zarathustra), "Dance Little Bird" (The Chicken Dance), "Beer Barrel Polka", "Tequila", and "Hey Baby." Many spectators remain in the stands for twenty minutes after the game to enjoy the performance. Many of the songs are associated with specific choreography in which the band, cheerleaders and the audience all participate.

text: At the end of the Fifth Quarter, the band lines up to play "Varsity" as the spectators sing. The band then exits the field via the north entrance to perform more and sing "It's Hard to Be Humble", after which the band marches to the Mosse Humanities Building, where it is dismissed.

text: The Fifth Quarter was officially named in 1978, and its traditions have been passed down since then.

text: "Jump Around" tradition[edit]

text: Another tradition at UW football games is the "Jump Around", where fans dance to the House of Pain song of the same name. This takes place between the third and fourth quarters. The tradition began on Saturday, October 10, 1998, at the Badgers' Homecoming game against the Purdue Boilermakers.[22] After no offensive points were scored in the third quarter, the Badgers' marketing agent in charge of sound piped the song through the loudspeakers.[23] It stirred up fans and players and has become a tradition of the last decade.

text: However, on September 6, 2003, (the Badgers' first home game of the season), with construction of the skyboxes surrounding the stadium, UW officials decided to cancel the "Jump Around" tradition that had been a staple for five years. Stadium security and the local police department had been informed of this decision, but no notification had been given to the fans.[24] As the fourth quarter began and students realized there had been no "Jump Around", they became upset. Some jumped around without the requisite music. Then an entire section sat down in protest, a majority directed their middle finger at the sound booth, and a chant of "Fuck the sound guy" began. Sitting down was particularly significant as the student section generally stands on the bleachers while the team is playing. Chanting and booing continued through the majority of the fourth quarter.  With 6:29 to go in the game, Lee Evans scored on a 99-yard play and led the Badgers to a victory, thrilling the crowd.

text: When news surfaced on Monday, September 8, 2003, that this event was not a technical or human malfunction, but rather a decision by campus officials, the students launched a protest. Petitions circulated and students pushed back against administration. Structural engineers confirmed that the stadium would suffer no structural damage caused by the vibrations created by jumping. Two days later, Chancellor John D. Wiley announced that the "Jump Around" tradition would resume.[25]

text: Other uses[edit]

text: The stadium is also used by the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association for its state football championships.

text: NFL[edit]

text: The Green Bay Packers have played 12 exhibition games at Camp Randall, which, up until 2013, had a larger seating capacity than the Packers' home stadium, Lambeau Field. The series began in 1986, shortly after the Chicago Bears began to use nearby University of Wisconsin-Platteville as a training camp site. The most recent pre-season Packers game at Camp Randall was played in 1999.

text: Hockey[edit]

text: The University of Wisconsin men's and women's ice hockey teams each played an outdoor hockey game at Camp Randall Stadium on February 6, 2010, as part of the Culver's Camp Randall Hockey Classic.  The Wisconsin women defeated Bemidji State 6–1, while the Badger men beat Michigan 3–2.

text: Entertainment[edit]

text: Drum Corps International used the stadium as the site for its world championships in 1985, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1999, 2002, and 2006.

text: Camp Randall has also hosted a number of major concerts.

text:
Date

Artist

Opening act(s)

Tour / Concert name

Attendance

Revenue

Notes

May 20, 1988
Pink Floyd
—
A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour
45,132 / 55,000
$902,640

June 9, 1992
Genesis
—
We Can't Dance Tour
—
—

September 13, 1992
U2
Big Audio Dynamite IIPublic Enemy
Zoo TV Tour
62,280 / 62,280
$1,868,400

July 3, 1994
Pink Floyd
—
The Division Bell Tour
60,960 / 60,960
$1,942,780

August 26, 1994
The Rolling Stones
Bryan AdamsBlind MelonLenny Kravitz
Voodoo Lounge Tour
51,201 / 51,201
$2,420,485

June 25, 1997
U2
Fun Lovin' Criminals
PopMart Tour
34,002 / 40,000
$1,701,045

October 6, 1997
The Rolling Stones
Blues Traveler
Bridges to Babylon Tour
27,087 / 35,000
$1,460,425

text: The Camp Randall Complex[edit]

text: The Camp Randall athletic complex includes three additional facilities: the Field House, home to the UW basketball teams until January 1998, and now the wrestling and women's volleyball teams; the Dave McClain Athletic Facility, an indoor football practice facility named for the late Badgers football coach, Dave McClain, which also houses locker rooms for football, men's and women's track, and softball, and strength and conditioning, sports medicine, and academic services; and the Camp Randall Memorial Sports Center ("The Shell"), which contains a 200-meter indoor track that surrounds facilities for intramural sports. The indoor track is used by the UW track teams during their indoor seasons. The Shell also houses a practice ice sheet.

text: Longest home winning streaks[edit]

text:
Rank
Started
Snapped
Streak

1st
October 31, 2009
October 27, 2012
21

2nd
September 9, 2006
October 4, 2008
16

3rd
October 29, 2016
September 15, 2018
12

4th
September 4, 2004
November 12, 2005
11

5th
September 6, 2014
October 3, 2015
10

6th
November 18, 1961
October 26, 1963
9

7th
September 12, 1998
September 25, 1999
8

T-8th
October 25, 2008
October 17, 2009
7

T-8th
November 2, 1996
November 15, 1997
7

10th
November 8, 1958
November 14, 1959
6

text: Note: Streaks do not include ties.

text: Largest crowds[edit]

text: The following are the ten largest crowds in stadium history:

text:
1. 83,184 November 12, 2005 vs Iowa
2. 83,069 November 6, 2004 vs #24 Minnesota
3. 83,022 September 24, 2005 vs #13 Michigan
4. 82,828 October 22, 2005 vs Purdue
5. 82,630 September 22, 2007 vs Iowa
6. 82,468 October 23, 2004 vs Northwestern
7. 82,352 November 10, 2007 vs #13 Michigan
8. 82,330 October 1, 2005 vs Indiana
9. 82,306 October 2, 2004 vs Illinois
10. 82,179 September 25, 2004 vs Penn State

text: Gallery[edit]